Anesthesia, General: Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.Administration, Inhalation: The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.Anesthesia, Local: A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.Anesthesia, Inhalation: Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.Inhalation Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.Anesthesia, Epidural: Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.Anesthesia, Spinal: Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.Anesthesia, Conduction: Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.Anesthesia, Intravenous: Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.Smoke Inhalation Injury: Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients.Burns, Inhalation: Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.Anesthesia, Obstetrical: A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.Anesthetics, Inhalation: Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)Anesthesia Recovery Period: The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.Anesthesia, Dental: A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.Inhalation: The act of BREATHING in.Anesthetics, Intravenous: Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.Adjuvants, Anesthesia: Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.Anesthesiology: A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.Methyl Ethers: A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.Anesthetics, Combined: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.Anesthetics, Local: Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.Anesthetics: Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Halothane: A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)Monitoring, Intraoperative: The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit: Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)Preanesthetic Medication: Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.Anesthetics, General: Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)Ambulatory Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.Nerve Block: Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.Anesthesia, Caudal: Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.Intubation, Intratracheal: A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)Powders: Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Anesthetics, Dissociative: Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.Conscious Sedation: A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)Anesthesia Department, Hospital: Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.Anesthesia, IntratrachealTime Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Intraoperative Complications: Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.Respiration: The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).Pain, Postoperative: Pain during the period after surgery.Bronchial Provocation Tests: Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Anesthesia and Analgesia: Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.EthersHemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.Intraoperative Period: The period during a surgical operation.Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.Cesarean Section: Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Electroencephalography: Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.Consciousness: Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Hypnotics and Sedatives: Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.Surgical Procedures, Minor: Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Atmosphere Exposure Chambers: Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.Bronchodilator Agents: Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Airway Resistance: Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.Air Pollutants, Occupational: Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents: Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.Dry Powder Inhalers: A device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.Burns: Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.Forced Expiratory Volume: Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.Analgesics, Opioid: Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.Surgical Procedures, Operative: Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)Inhalation Spacers: A variety of devices used in conjunction with METERED DOSE INHALERS. Their purpose is to hold the released medication for inhalation and make it easy for the patients to inhale the metered dose of medication into their lungs.Blood Gas Analysis: Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.Bronchoconstriction: Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.CarboxyhemoglobinAirway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.Rats, Inbred F344Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.Consciousness Monitors: Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.Laryngeal Masks: A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.Bronchial Spasm: Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.Oxygen Inhalation Therapy: Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)Laryngoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.Respiratory System: The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.Androstanols: Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.Partial Pressure: The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Ethyl EthersAir Pollutants: Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.Respiratory Mechanics: The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.Intraoperative Awareness: Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.)Metered Dose Inhalers: A small aerosol canister used to release a calibrated amount of medication for inhalation.Cerebrovascular Circulation: The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.Neuromuscular Blockade: The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.SmokeManuals as Topic: Books designed to give factual information or instructions.Cough: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.Bronchial Hyperreactivity: Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.Hypotension, Controlled: Procedure in which arterial blood pressure is intentionally reduced in order to control blood loss during surgery. This procedure is performed either pharmacologically or by pre-surgical removal of blood.Isocyanates: Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)Respiratory Therapy: Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Dust: Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.Deep Sedation: Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)Operating Rooms: Facilities equipped for performing surgery.Epinephrine: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.Analgesia: Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.Hydrocarbons, FluorinatedIntraoperative Care: Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.Volatilization: A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.Pulmonary Gas Exchange: The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Urethane: Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.Gases: The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Oxygen Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.Bronchoconstrictor Agents: Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.Body Temperature: The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Postoperative Period: The period following a surgical operation.Plutonium: Plutonium. A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, atomic number 94, and atomic weight 242. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Hypotension: Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.Injections, Intravenous: Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Respiration, Artificial: Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).Shivering: Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Hernia, Inguinal: An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.Pulmonary Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.Amides: Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Tidal Volume: The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Ipratropium: A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.Tooth Extraction: The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.Premedication: Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.Laryngismus: A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.Nasal Cavity: The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.Mandibular Nerve: A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.Fiber Optic Technology: The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Nurse Anesthetists: Professional nurses who have completed postgraduate training in the administration of anesthetics and who function under the responsibility of the operating surgeon.Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.Vehicle Emissions: Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Monitoring, Physiologic: The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.Pulmonary Atelectasis: Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.Hypothermia: Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.Pneumonia: Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.Maxillary Nerve: The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.Surgical Procedures, Elective: Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.Body Burden: The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.Dexmedetomidine: A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.
John Collins Warren and his act of conscience: a brief narrative of the trial and triumph of a great surgeon. (1/916)
On examination of the correspondence among the principals involved, as well as the original patent application being prepared by Morton, it has become possible to reconstruct some of the remarkable details attending the first use of ether anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hos pital in the autumn of 1846. At the time that Warren invited Morton to demonstrate the use of his "ethereal vapor" for anesthesia in a minor operation on Oct. 16, 1846, the exact chemical composition of the agent used was being held secret by Morton; Warren was clearly disturbed by this unethical use of a secret "nostrum." When the time arrived 3 weeks later for its possible use for a serious "capital" operation, Warren employed a simple stratagem of public confrontation to discover from Morton the true nature of the substance to be used. On being informed that it was pure unadulterated sulfuric ether, not some mysterious new discovery labeled "Letheon," Warren gave approval for its first use in a "capital" operation (low thigh amputation) on Nov. 7, 1846. Despite this revelation to the immediate participants, a veil of secrecy continued to surround the substance for many months, an anomalous situation evidently traceable to Morton's desire for personal reward from the discovery. It was this matter of secrecy, rather than priority for its discovery, that surrounded the early use of ether anesthesia with controversy and recrimination both in this country and abroad. (+info)Inadvertent inhalation anaesthesia during surgery under retrobulbar eye block. (2/916)
I describe a case of inadvertent inhalation anaesthesia during surgery under retrobulbar anaesthesia and its management. Some of the hazards of supplementary oxygen delivery during monitored anaesthetic care and the actions taken to prevent this mishap recurring are discussed. (+info)Individualized feedback of volatile agent use reduces fresh gas flow rate, but fails to favorably affect agent choice. (3/916)
BACKGROUND: Cost reduction has become an important fiscal aim of many hospitals and anesthetic departments, despite its inherent limitations. Volatile anesthetic agents are some of the few drugs that are amenable to such treatment because fresh gas flow rate (FGFR) can be independent of patient volatile anesthetic agent requirement. METHODS: FGFR and drug use were recorded at the temporal midpoint of 2,031 general anesthetics during a 2-month preintervention period. Staff and residents were provided with their preintervention individual mean FGFR, their peer group mean, and educational material regarding volatile agent costs and low-flow anesthesia. FGFR and drug use were remeasured over a 2-month period (postintervention) immediately after this information (N = 2,242) and again 5 months later (delayed follow-up), for a further 2-month period (N = 2,056). RESULTS: For all cases, FGFR decreased from 2.4+/-1.1 to 1.8+/-1.0 l/min (26% reduction) after the intervention and increased to 1.9+/-1.1 l/min (5% increase of preintervention FGFR) at the time of delayed follow-up. Use of more expensive volatile agents (desflurane and sevoflurane) increased during the study period (P < 0.01). In a subgroup of 44 staff members with more than five cases in all study periods, 42 members decreased their mean FGFR after intervention. At delayed follow-up, 30 members had increased their FGFR above postintervention FGFR but below their initial FGFR. After accounting for other predictors of FGFR, the effectiveness of the intervention was significantly reduced at follow-up (28% reduction), but retained a significant effect compared to preintervention FGFR (19% reduction). CONCLUSIONS: Although individual feedback and education regarding volatile agent use was effective at reducing FGFR, effectiveness was reduced without continued feedback. Use of more expensive volatile agents was not reduced by education regarding drug cost, and actually increased. (+info)Effect of sevoflurane concentration on inhalation induction of anaesthesia in the elderly. (4/916)
We have conducted a randomized, double-blind comparison of 4% and 8% sevoflurane for induction of anaesthesia in unpremedicated patients aged more than 60 yr. Sevoflurane was inhaled in 50% nitrous oxide using a vital capacity breath technique, and mean, systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and heart rate were monitored continuously using a Finapres cuff. In the 8% sevoflurane group, time to successful laryngeal mask insertion was significantly shorter (mean 168 (SD 34) s vs 226 (62) s; P < 0.01) and achieved more often at the first attempt than in the 4% sevoflurane group. Arterial pressures were lower in the 8% group, but this was not significant. No patient had apnoea lasting longer than 1 min. A total of 69% of patients described induction as pleasant and 85% would choose to have it again. We conclude that compared with 8% sevoflurane, the use of 4% sevoflurane in the elderly resulted in greater cardiovascular stability but at the cost of prolonged and occasionally unsuccessful induction. (+info)The effect of pyrogen administration on sweating and vasoconstriction thresholds during desflurane anesthesia. (5/916)
BACKGROUND: General anesthetics increase the sweating-to-vasoconstriction interthreshold range (temperatures not triggering thermoregulatory defenses), whereas fever is believed to only increase the setpoint (target core temperature). However, no data characterize thresholds (temperatures triggering thermoregulatory defenses) during combined anesthesia and fever. Most likely, the combination produces an expanded interthreshold range around an elevated setpoint. The authors therefore tested the hypothesis that thermoregulatory response thresholds during the combination of fever and anesthesia are simply the linear combination of the thresholds resulting from each intervention alone. METHODS: The authors studied eight healthy male volunteers. Fever was induced on the appropriate days by intravenous injection of 30 IU/g human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2), followed 2 h later by an additional 70 IU/g. General anesthesia consisted of desflurane 0.6 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The volunteers were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control (no desflurane, no IL-2); (2) IL-2 alone; (3) desflurane alone; and (4) desflurane plus IL-2. During the fever plateau, volunteers were warmed until sweating was observed and then cooled to vasoconstriction. Sweating was evaluated from a ventilated capsule and vasoconstriction was quantified by volume plethysmography. The tympanic membrane temperatures triggering significant sweating and vasoconstriction identified the respective response thresholds. Data are presented as the mean +/- SD; P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The interthreshold range was near 0.40 degrees C on both the control day and during IL-2 administration alone. On the IL-2 alone day, however, the interthreshold range was shifted to higher temperatures. The interthreshold range increased significantly during desflurane anesthesia to 1.9+/-0.6 degrees C. The interthreshold range during the combination of desflurane and IL-2 was 1.2+/-0.6 degrees C, which was significantly greater than on the control and IL-2 alone days. However, it was also significantly less than during desflurane alone. CONCLUSION: The combination of desflurane and IL-2 caused less thermoregulatory inhibition than would be expected based on the effects of either treatment alone. Fever-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system may contribute by compensating for a fraction of the anesthetic-induced thermoregulatory impairment. (+info)Relative contribution of skin and core temperatures to vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds during isoflurane anesthesia. (6/916)
BACKGROUND: Thermoregulatory control is based on both skin and core temperatures. Skin temperature contributes approximately 20% to control of vasoconstriction and shivering in unanesthetized humans. However, this value has been used to arithmetically compensate for the cutaneous contribution to thermoregulatory control during anesthesia--although there was little basis for assuming that the relation was unchanged by anesthesia. It even remains unknown whether the relation between skin and core temperatures remains linear during anesthesia. We therefore tested the hypothesis that mean skin temperature contributes approximately 20% to control of vasoconstriction and shivering, and that the contribution is linear during general anesthesia. METHODS: Eight healthy male volunteers each participated on 3 separate days. On each day, they were anesthetized with 0.6 minimum alveolar concentrations of isoflurane. They then were assigned in random order to a mean skin temperature of 29, 31.5, or 34 degrees C. Their cores were subsequently cooled by central-venous administration of fluid at approximately 3 degrees C until vasoconstriction and shivering were detected. The relation between skin and core temperatures at the threshold for each response in each volunteer was determined by linear regression. The proportionality constant was then determined from the slope of this regression. These values were compared with those reported previously in similar but unanesthetized subjects. RESULTS: There was a linear relation between mean skin and core temperatures at the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds in each volunteer: r2 = 0.98+/-0.02 for vasoconstriction, and 0.96+/-0.04 for shivering. The cutaneous contribution to thermoregulatory control, however, differed among the volunteers and was not necessarily the same for vasoconstriction and shivering in individual subjects. Overall, skin temperature contributed 21+/-8% to vasoconstriction, and 18+/-10% to shivering. These values did not differ significantly from those identified previously in unanesthetized volunteers: 20+/-6% and 19+/-8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results in anesthetized volunteers were virtually identical to those reported previously in unanesthetized subjects. In both cases, the cutaneous contribution to control of vasoconstriction and shivering was linear and near 20%. These data indicate that a proportionality constant of approximately 20% can be used to compensate for experimentally induced skin-temperature manipulations in anesthetized as well as unanesthetized subjects. (+info)Nasal sensory receptors responding to capsaicin, water and tactile stimuli in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs. (7/916)
Responses of nasal receptors to capsaicin and water were studied from afferent recordings of the posterior nasal nerve (PNN) in 12 anesthetized dogs. Out of 12 non-respiration-modulated nasal receptors, 7 responded only to capsaicin, 3 responded to both water and capsaicin, and 2 to neither of them. All the fibers showed a rapid adaptation to mechanical probing of the nasal mucosa. These results indicate that the presence of sensory receptors responding to capsaicin and water are involved in PNN afferents of the dog. (+info)I.v. clonidine: does it work as a hypotensive agent with inhalation anaesthesia? (8/916)
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 41 patients received clonidine 3 micrograms kg-1 or placebo at induction of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia. Metoprolol was also given to achieve a systolic arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg. Requirements for metoprolol were significantly less in the clonidine group (P < 0.00035), with no significant difference in mean arterial pressures over time. It would appear that clonidine is an i.v. hypotensive agent worthy of consideration, but data during the recovery period are required to comment further on the safety of this technique. (+info)Stephen A. Greene (2002). Veterinary Anesthesia and Pain Management Secrets. 74: Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1560534426 ... A vaporizer or vaporiser, colloquially known as a vape, is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation. Plant ... Inhalation method (breathing technique). Not all those have been scientifically tested. Research using vaporizers found the ... Grotenhermen F (June 2001). "Harm Reduction Associated with Inhalation and Oral Administration of Cannabis and THC". Journal of ...
Inhalation General Anesthesia. This will eliminate all pain and also all memory of any needle procedure. On the other hand, it ... It provides effective anesthesia, but is generally unavailable to consumers on the commercial market and some regard it as ... The recommended forms of treatment include some form of anesthesia, either topical or general. ... for topically administered local anesthesia". Journal of Dermaologic Surgery and Oncology. 20 (9): 579-583. PMID 8089357.. ...
... for supervised self-administration of inhalation anesthesia". Abbott Park, Illinois: Abbott Laboratories. Retrieved ... Early inhalation devices included one devised by John Mudge in 1778. It had a pewter mug with a hole allowing attachment of a ... To reduce deposition in the mouth and throat, and to reduce the need for precise synchronization of the start of inhalation ... 2004). Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology (2nd ed.). NY: Marcel Dekker. Nick Baumann (July-August 2011). "Why You're ...
Inhaler for supervised self-administration of inhalation anesthesia". Abbott Park, Illinois: Abbott Laboratories. Retrieved ... 2009). Clinical anesthesia (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-8763-5. .. ... Mazze RI, Shue GL, Jackson SH (1971). "Renal Dysfunction Associated With Methoxyflurane Anesthesia". Journal of the American ... The effects of methoxyflurane on the circulatory system resemble those of diethyl ether.[27] In dogs, methoxyflurane anesthesia ...
Inhaler for supervised self-administration of inhalation anesthesia". Abbott Park, Illinois: Abbott Laboratories. Retrieved ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 17 (3): 275-8. doi:10.1007/BF03004607. PMID 5512851. Retrieved 2010-11-21.. ... Sechzer, PH (1971). "Studies in pain with the analgesic-demand system". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 50 (1): 1-10. doi:10.1213/ ... Pediatric Anesthesia. 17 (2): 148-53. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.02037.x. PMID 17238886.. ...
... desflurane is infrequently used to induce anesthesia via inhalation techniques. Though it vaporises very readily, it is a ... Anesthesia & Analgesia. San Francisco, CA: International Anesthesia Research Society. 111 (1): 92-98. doi:10.1213/ane. ... It has the most rapid onset and offset of the volatile anesthetic drugs used for general anesthesia due to its low solubility ... Sherman J, Le C, Lamers V, Eckelman M (May 2012). "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Anesthetic Drugs". Anesthesia and ...
doi:10.1016/0378-3812(84)87009-0. Nagelhout, J.J. (2014). Pharmacokinetics of Inhalation Anesthetics. Nurse anesthesia (5th ed ... these are preferred because they lead to faster onset of anesthesia and faster emergence from anesthesia once application of ...
Wexler RE (1968). "Analgizer: Inhaler for supervised self-administration of inhalation anesthesia". Abbott Park, Illinois: ... 2009). "PENTHROX (methoxyflurane) Inhalation: Product Information" (PDF). Springvale, Victoria, Australia: Medical Developments ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 17 (3): 275-8. doi:10.1007/BF03004607. PMID 5512851. Retrieved 2010-11-21. Packer KJ, Titel JH ... Pediatric Anesthesia. 17 (2): 148-53. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.02037.x. PMID 17238886. Grindlay J, Babl FE (2009). " ...
It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia. Often another medication, however, is used to start anesthesia due to airway ... "Isoflurane (inhalation anaesthetic) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. 11 January 2016 ... It is usually used to maintain a state of general anesthesia that has been induced with another drug, such as thiopentone or ... Apr 2007). "Anesthesia-Alzheimer disease link probed". JAMA. 297 (16): 1760. doi:10.1001/jama.297.16.1760. PMID 17456811. Seto ...
Until 1913, oral and maxillofacial surgery was performed by mask inhalation anesthesia, topical application of local ... Wawersik, Juergen (1991). "History of Anesthesia in Germany". Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 3 (3): 235-44. doi:10.1016/0952- ... After World War I, further advances were made in the field of intratracheal anesthesia. Among these were those made by Sir Ivan ... 2000). Anesthesia, Volume 1 (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-07995-5. Retrieved 6 September 2010 ...
Palliative sedation Procedural sedation Twilight anesthesia Inhalation sedation Brown, TB.; Lovato, LM.; Parker, D. (Jan 2005 ... General Anesthesia - Unarousable even with painful stimulus. In the United Kingdom, deep sedation is considered to be a part of ... Inhalation sedation is also sometimes referred to as relative analgesia. Sedation is also used extensively in the intensive ... "Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia" (pdf). American Society of ...
Until recently, his practice of using inhalation anesthesia dominated obstetrics. In 1849, Long announced his discovery in a ... In 1854, Long requested William Crosby Dawson, a U.S. Senator, to present his claims of ether anesthesia discovery to the ... 2017 Long, CW (1849). "An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anaesthetic in Surgical Operations". ... He observed and participated in many surgeries and noted the effects of operating without anesthesia. Long transferred to the ...
Anesthesia masks are face masks that are designed to administer anesthetic gases to a patient through inhalation. Anesthesia ... Anesthesia masks fit over the mouth and nose and have a double hose system. One hose carries inhaled anesthetic gas to the mask ... Anesthesia masks have 4 point head strap harnesses to securely fit on the head to hold the mask in place as the anaesthesia ... Inner view of a military aviators mask showing face seal, facepiece and inhalation valves ...
"Anesthesia. XXI. Propyl methyl ether as an inhalation anesthetic in man", Anesthesiology, (1946), 7, 663-7. Merck Index, 11th ...
Its lack of airway irritation made it a common inhalation induction agent in pediatric anesthesia. Due to its cardiac ... It is used by inhalation. Side effects include an irregular heartbeat, decreased effort to breathe (respiratory depression), ... Hugh C. Hemmings; Philip M. Hopkins (2006). Foundations of Anesthesia: Basic Sciences for Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health ... excellent for inhalation induction, had largely replaced the use of halothane in children. Halothane sensitises the heart to ...
Inhalation anesthesia, Ed 2, New York, 1951, Macmillan Bhargava AK, Setlur R, Sreevastava D. (Jan 2004). "Correlation of ... Since general anesthesia first became widely used in late 1846, assessment of anesthetic depth was a problem. To determine the ... The end of ether anesthesia in the USA. In: Fink BR, Morris LE, Stephen CR, eds. Proceedings 3rd International Symposium on the ... In 1847, John Snow (1813-1858) and Francis Plomley attempted to describe various stages of general anesthesia, but Guedel in ...
"Anesthesia and Queen Victoria". ph.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.. ... After a person has lost consciousness due to chloroform inhalation, a continuous volume must be administered and the chin must ... Following chloroform-induced anesthesia, some patients suffered nausea, vomiting, hyperthermia, jaundice, and coma due to ... Wawersik, J. (1997). "History of chloroform anesthesia". Anesthesiology and Reanimation. 22 (6): 144-152. PMID 9487785.. ...
... the Original Morton Etherizer was used on Ether Day as a means of inhalation anesthesia. The Etherizer was made of blown glass ... and in October 1846 Morton successfully demonstrated ether anesthesia. However, Morton's interest in surgical anesthesia was ... Before surgical anesthesia the location was also helpful to muffle the screams of patients for those on the floors below. ... In 1845 Wells had attempted to demonstrate the use of nitrous oxide as anesthesia at MGH but it was "dismissed as humbug" ...
It has been related to silicosis resulting from inhalation of talc and silicates. It is also tied to heroin use where talc ... Obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice. David H. Chestnut. "For example, the injection of talc-diluted heroin causes ...
The result was that Charity developed an anesthesia residency program for physicians as well as an accredited school of nurse ... and he directed the hospital's inhalation therapists. In the 1940s, the ABA and ASA held a philosophy that it was unethical for ... As a medical student, Adriani, who remembered receiving only one anesthesia-related lecture in school, experienced the death of ... The hospital had been constructed two years earlier, and its anesthesia services were disorganized, with poorly trained ...
Although isopropyl alcohol can be technically used for anesthesia, its many negative drawbacks prohibit this use. Isopropyl ... Poisoning can occur from ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. Symptoms of isopropyl alcohol poisoning include flushing, ... headache, dizziness, CNS depression, nausea, vomiting, anesthesia, hypothermia, hypotension, shock, respiratory depression, and ...
These laser treatments are painful and general anesthesia is required.[39][40] A similar laser treatment has been used to clear ... inhalation, or injection can result in generalized argyria.[37][38] Preliminary reports of treatment with laser therapy have ...
After a person has lost consciousness due to chloroform inhalation, a continuous volume must be administered and the chin must ... Following chloroform-induced anesthesia, some patients suffered nausea, vomiting, hyperthermia, jaundice, and coma due to ... In Germany, the first comprehensive surveys of the fatality rate during anesthesia were made by Gurlt between 1890 and 1897. In ... The rise of gas anesthesia using nitrous oxide, improved equipment for administering anesthetics and the discovery of ...
Negative pressure pulmonary edema[5] in which a significant negative pressure in the chest (such as from an inhalation against ... Negative pressure pulmonary edema has an incidence in the range of 0.05-0.1% for general anesthesia. The negative pressure ... Stoelting's Anesthesia and Co-Existing Disease. 6th edition. 2012. pages 178 and 179. ...
As compared to inhalation, intratracheal instillation allows greater control over the dose and location of the substance, is ... the confounding effects of the delivery vehicle and anesthesia, and the fact that it bypasses the upper respiratory tract. ... It is widely used to test the respiratory toxicity of a substance as an alternative to inhalation in animal testing. ... Instillation results in a less uniform distribution of the substance than inhalation, and the substance is cleared from the ...
RFA is usually performed in an outpatient setting, using either local anesthetics or conscious sedation anesthesia, the ... a higher one during inhalation and a lower pressure during exhalation. This system is more expensive, and is sometimes used ... in OSA the chest not only continues to make the movements of inhalation, but the movements typically become even more ...
... needed either the patient receives regional anesthesia such as a spinal anesthetic or a general anesthesia using inhalation ... and how does pediatric anesthesia differ from adult anesthesia and geriatric anesthesia? What goes into developing an effective ... Intra-operative anesthesia is the anesthesia the patient receives in the OR. When the patient arrives in the OR, the monitors ... I worked in the OR, participated on OR/Surgical and anesthesia/post-anesthesia care unit committees. I was also the education ...
Home , May-June 1929 - Volume 8 - Issue 3 , Inhalation of Carbon Dioxid in Alkaloid Poisoning. ... Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia: May-June 1929 - Volume 8 - Issue 3 - ppg 42 ... Continuous Nitrous Oxid-Oxygen Analgesia and Anesthesia With Rebreathing in Obstetrics, Technic of Administration and Summary ... Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia.. ...
... , Baxter International, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Eisai, ... Inhalation Anesthesia Industry Insights. Chapter 4. Inhalation Anesthesia Market, By Product. Chapter 5. Inhalation Anesthesia ... Inhalation Anesthesia Market Size, Share , Industry Report 2026 The Inhalation Anesthesia Market was valued at $1.6billion in ... Inhalation anesthesia market by product. o Sevoflurane. o Desflurane. o Isoflurane. Inhalation anesthesia market by application ...
What is inhalation anesthesia? Meaning of inhalation anesthesia medical term. What does inhalation anesthesia mean? ... Looking for online definition of inhalation anesthesia in the Medical Dictionary? inhalation anesthesia explanation free. ... inhalation anesthesia. anesthesia achieved by the inhalation of an anesthetic gas or a vapor. Although general anesthesia by ... inhalation anesthesia. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.. Related to inhalation anesthesia: intravenous ...
Inhalation anesthesia in chest surgery You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited in the ... Inhalation anesthesia in chest surgery. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, October 1952, Vol. 52, 137-139. ... WALSH J. Inhalation anesthesia in chest surgery. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1952;52(2):137-139. doi: . ...
Global Inhalation Anesthesia Market Size, Outlook and Growth Opportunities to 2025: By Product (Sevoflurane, Desflurane, and ... 1. Inhalation Anesthesia market size, US$, 2018- 2025. 2. Inhalation Anesthesia market drivers. 3. Inhalation Anesthesia market ... 4. Inhalation Anesthesia market opportunities. 5. Inhalation Anesthesia market trends. 6. Inhalation Anesthesia market size ... Scope of the Inhalation Anesthesia report -. This report covers the 2018 market scenario and outlook of Inhalation Anesthesia ...
Inhalation anesthesia in the poor risk patient You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited ... Inhalation anesthesia in the poor risk patient. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, October 1952, Vol. 52, 143 ... SMITH F. Inhalation anesthesia in the poor risk patient. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1952;52(2):143-146. doi: . ...
A NOMENCLATURE FOR METHODS OF INHALATION ANESTHESIA You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or ... A NOMENCLATURE FOR METHODS OF INHALATION ANESTHESIA. Anesthesiology 11 1953, Vol.14, 609-611. doi: ... Jack Moyers; A NOMENCLATURE FOR METHODS OF INHALATION ANESTHESIA. Anesthesiology 1953;14(6):609-611. ...
Research Report on Global Inhalation Anesthesia Market Insights, Forecast to 2025. The Report includes market price, demand, ... Table Inhalation Anesthesia Customers List. Table Inhalation Anesthesia Sales Channels. Table Inhalation Anesthesia ... Table Global Inhalation Anesthesia Sales by Type (2016-2025) (K Units). Table Global Inhalation Anesthesia Sales Share by Type ... Table Global Inhalation Anesthesia Sales by Regions 2016-2025 (K Units). Table Global Inhalation Anesthesia Sales Market Share ...
Intestinal Circulation during Inhalation Anesthesia Mark Tverskoy, M.D., Ph.D.; Simon Gelman, M.D., Ph.D.; Kathryn C. Fowler, B ... Intestinal Circulation during Inhalation Anesthesia You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or ... Intestinal Circulation during Inhalation Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 4 1985, Vol.62, 462-469. doi: ... Mark Tverskoy, Simon Gelman, Kathryn C. Fowler, E. L. Bradley; Intestinal Circulation during Inhalation Anesthesia. ...
The research report on Inhalation Anesthesia Market is segmented by Drug Type, by End User and by Geography - Size, Share, ... Inhalation Anesthesia Market - Market Taxonomy On the basis of drug type, the global inhalation anesthesia market is segmented ... Inhalation Anesthesia Market Analysis. Inhalation Anesthesia Market, by Drug Type (Nitrous Oxide and Halogenated Agents [ ... Inhalation Anesthesia Market - Regional Insights On the basis of geography, the global inhalation anesthesia market is ...
Inhalation Anesthesia Market Size Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Induction, Maintenance), By Product ( ... thus increasing the usage of inhalation anesthetics.. On the basis of product, the inhalation anesthesia market is classified ... The global inhalation anesthesia market size is projected to reach USD 1.42 billion by 2015, at a lucrative CAGR of 3.5% over ... Inhalation Anesthesia Market Size Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application, By Product, By Region And Segment Forecasts, ...
Reiz S., dAmbra M.N., Östman M. (1987) Myocardial Ischemia During Inhalation Anesthesia in Surgical Patients with Coronary ... Myocardial Ischemia During Inhalation Anesthesia in Surgical Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. ... Sonntag H, Larsen R, Hilfiker O, et al (1982) Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia ... Wilkinson PL, Hamilton WK, Moyers JR, et al (1981) Halothane and morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia in patients undergoing ...
The advantages and disadvantages of injectable versus inhalation anesthesia. *Isoflurane and halothane as inhalation ... Inhalation, or "gas" anesthesia, is an anesthetic technique that provides rapid recovery as well as excellent control over ... All of the commonly used inhalation anesthetics can be safely used in small rodents, provided appropriate equipment is ... Respiratory depression and hypothermia are two of the major concerns during anesthesia of small rodents. Therefore anesthetic ...
Effect of Inhalation Anesthetic on Barnoreflex and Maxillofacial Blood Flow under Hypotention Anesthesia.. Research Project ... Decrease of systemic blood pressure induced by halothane inhalation did not cause decrease of afferent baro-activity of aortic ... The efferent sympathetic activity of aortic nerve was decreased by 1% halothane inhalation.. Afferent activity of aortic nerve ... TAKAYAMA Haruko Niigata University, Dental Anesthesia, Assistant professor., 歯学部, 助手 (10216799) SEI Tatsunori Niigata ...
Inhalation anesthesia market is expected to reach $1,549 million by 2026, at a CAGR of 4.2%. By product, sevoflurane segment ... What is the market value of Inhalation Anesthesia market in 2019? A. The market value of global Inhalation Anesthesia market in ... U.S. INHALATION ANESTHESIA MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2018-2026 ($MILLION). TABLE 19. U.S. INHALATION ANESTHESIA MARKET BY END USER ... NORTH AMERICA INHALATION ANESTHESIA MARKET, BY END USER, 2018-2026 ($MILLION). TABLE 17. U.S. INHALATION ANESTHESIA MARKET BY ...
CAGR over 2019-2025 driven by increasing number of surgical procedures coupled with rising adoption of inhalation anesthetics. ... Worldwide inhalation anesthesia market value exceeded USD 1.3 billion in 2018 and the industry will grow at 5.4% ... Inhalation Anesthesia Industry, By Region. North America inhalation anesthesia market size is estimated to witness more than ... Inhalation Anesthesia Industry, By Application. Induction inhalation anesthesia market segment accounted for more than USD 250 ...
The effect of premedication with budesonide aerosol inhalation on the incidence of respiratory adverse events during anesthesia ... Budesonide, Aerosol inhalation, Anesthesia, Pediatric, Respiratory adverse events. Introduction. In pediatric surgery, general ... Children in group A used LMA for general anesthesia, and children in group B were treated with budesonide aerosol inhalation (1 ... We aimed to investigate the influence of budesonide aerosol inhalation for pediatric anesthesia on the incidence of RAEs. ...
The global Inhalation Anesthesia Market scope was appreciated by nearly US$ 1.12 billion in 2018 and is likely to witness a ... Inhalation Anesthesia (IA) has lesser threat of restlessness and is price operative as equated to Intravenous Anesthesia (IVA ... The Inhalation Anesthesia (IA) developed as anesthetic of choice above Intravenous Anesthesia (IVA) amongst mainstream of ... Inhalation Anesthesia Market Size & Forecast Report, 2014 - 2025. Report ID: MN17617978 , Published: April 2019 , No of Pages: ...
Now we have a complete product line of these instruments with top quality, various accessories, including anesthesia machine, ... gas evacuation system, anesthesia & surgery platform, masks, air pumps, induction platform, flowmeters, tubing and other ... NeuroScience has endeavored in developing and innovating in the anesthesia machine and gas evacuation system. ... Home / Inhalation Anesthesia. To provide the best and convenient solutions for our worldwide customers, NeuroScience has ...
Desflurane inhalation agent is a halogenated ether. It has the lowest blood/gas solubility coefficient amongst all inhalation ... Desflurane inhalation agent has a bp of 22.8°C just above room temperature (i.e., of operation theatres), SVP at 20°C 664 mm Hg ... The blood/gas solubility coefficient is 0.42, the lowest of all inhalation agents except xenon. So, induction and recovery are ... Uptake and distribution of Desflurane inhalation agent : Having the lowest blood/gas solubility it has the fastest induction ...
With respect to inhalation agent anesthetic , an increase in cardiac output and the consequent increased pulmonary blood flow ... The brain has a high perfusion and equilibrates rapidly with the inhalation agent anesthetic , muscle has 1/20th perfusion of ... The alveolar venous anesthetic gradient is determined by the amount of tissue uptake of an inhalation agent anesthetic . This ... With respect to inhalation agent anesthetic , an increase in cardiac output and the consequent increased pulmonary blood flow ...
Radius Anesthesia Oct 18, 2019. General anesthesia is administered either through intravenous or inhalation methods.1 ... inhalation anesthesia is segmented into induction, which is putting a patient under anesthesia, and maintenance, which is ... Randomized Controlled Trial of Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Propofol versus Inhalation Anesthesia with Isoflurane-Nitrous ... The inhalation anesthesia market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8 percent until 2025.4,6 The ...
Email: [email protected] For Medical Information queries, contact: [email protected] Report a complaint about a product, vaporizer, or other matter.. Adverse events should be reported to Piramal Critical Care at http://www.piramalcriticalcare.com/complaints. ...
The Global Inhalation Anesthesia market was approximately valued at $1.33 billion at 2018, with a projected CAGR of 4.1% during ... Inhalation anesthesia are used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and sedation. They are administered by the ... and predictable nature of inhalation anesthesia are the major factors driving the growth of the global inhalation anesthesia ... The Global Inhalation Anesthesia market was approximately valued at $1.33 billion at 2018, with a projected CAGR of 4.1% during ...
GeneralCRNAClinicalMaintenance of anesthesiaGlobal inhalationSevoflurane2018Halothane anesthesiaDesfluraneAnalgesiaDrive the inhalation anesthesia market2025Local anesthesiaRegional anesthesiaEffect of inhalation anesthesiaInjectable anesthesiaRespiratorySurgeriesVeterinary anesthesiaPropofolDifferent types of anesthesiaNorth AmericaAnaesthesiaSpinalEpiduralPatientsAirwayType of anesthesiaDepth of anesthesiaEnfluraneTrachealComplicationsBlock anesthesiaDental AnesthesiaFluroxene anesthesiaAerosolGrowthSegmentNitrousSurgical proceduresRevenue
- As Assistant Chief CRNA, Dr. Clark provides general, regional, and peripheral anesthesia to pediatric, adult, and obstetrical patients, while also completing administrative duties such as coordinating improvements to policies and procedures, overseeing the tasks of anesthesia staff, and managing continuing education sessions for CRNAs at the Medical Center. (onlinefnpprograms.com)
- In addition to her clinical and staff leadership, Dr. Clark has an extensive background in nurse anesthesia education, having served as a Clinical Coordinator during her time at UC Davis Medical Center, as a Clinical Preceptor for Samuel Merritt University CRNA students, and as Assistant Professor and Co-Chairperson for the Admission Committee at Samuel Merritt University's Program of Nurse Anesthesia. (onlinefnpprograms.com)
- My first job as a CRNA was at the University of California- Davis Medical Center (UCDMC) in Sacramento, CA. I was the clinical coordinator for the SMU PNA students at UCDMC and became a preceptor to nurse anesthesia students in the operating room (OR). (onlinefnpprograms.com)
- In 2014, she also took on a clinical position at Somnia Anesthesia Services. (onlinefnpprograms.com)
- Maintenance of anesthesia involves keeping the patient at a suitable depth of anesthesia to allow surgery to be carried out safely for both the patient and personnel. (vetstream.com)
- Inhalation Anesthesia market outlook to 2025 report includes the latest predictions of global Inhalation Anesthesia market along with geography, therapy area and applications. (aarkstore.com)
- This research report categorizes the global Inhalation Anesthesia market by players/brands, region, type and application. (qyresearchreports.com)
- In 2017, the global Inhalation Anesthesia market size was xx million US$ and is forecast to xx million US in 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% from 2018. (qyresearchreports.com)
- To study and analyze the global Inhalation Anesthesia market size (value & volume) by company, key regions/countries, products and application, history data from 2013 to 2017, and forecast to 2025. (qyresearchreports.com)
- Focuses on the key global Inhalation Anesthesia manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years. (qyresearchreports.com)
- North America is expected to hold dominant position in the global inhalation anesthesia market over the forecast period. (coherentmarketinsights.com)
- Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global inhalation anesthesia market due to increasing number of trauma and road accidents. (coherentmarketinsights.com)
- The global inhalation anesthesia market size is projected to reach USD 1.42 billion by 2015, at a lucrative CAGR of 3.5% over the forecast period. (reportlinker.com)
- The global inhalation anesthesia market was valued at $1,137 million in 2018 and is expected to reach $1,549 million by 2026, registering a CAGR of 4.2% from 2019 to 2026. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- The global Inhalation Anesthesia Market scope was appreciated by nearly US$ 1.12 billion in 2018 and is likely to witness a CAGR of 3.5% for the duration of the forecast. (millioninsights.com)
- The global inhalation anesthesia market can be classified by Product, Application and Region. (millioninsights.com)
- The global inhalation anesthesia market was valued at $1.12 billion in 2018. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- A rise in chronic diseases and improved healthcare policy in some countries is likely to contribute to growth in the global inhalation anesthesia market. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- The Global Inhalation Anesthesia market was approximately valued at $1.33 billion at 2018, with a projected CAGR of 4.1% during the forecast period. (esticastresearch.com)
- Increasing number of surgeries worldwide, increasing prevalence of cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and spinal diseases and disorders, and advantages such as short duration and predictable nature of inhalation anesthesia are the major factors driving the growth of the global inhalation anesthesia market. (esticastresearch.com)
- The global Inhalation Anesthesia Market is estimated to witness a CAGR of 3.5% between 2019 and 2025. (abnewswire.com)
- The global Inhalation Anesthesia Market report provides detailed information about the Inhalation Anesthesia Market with an appropriate examination of several parameters and trends influencing its development on a global basis. (chypernews.com)
- The global Inhalation Anesthesia Market report delivers precise investigative information about the varying cutthroat dynamics. (chypernews.com)
- The global Inhalation Anesthesia Market report also explains the cutthroat analysis of the analysis based on geographical division [Latin America, North America, Asia Pacific, Middle & East Africa, and Europe]. (chypernews.com)
- A separate section of the global Inhalation Anesthesia Market report is dedicated for the information about growth and limiting factors that can influence the Inhalation Anesthesia Market growth rate. (chypernews.com)
- Global Inhalation Anesthesia Market size, share assessments for the regional and country level segments. (chypernews.com)
- In this report, the global Inhalation Anesthesia market is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025. (reporthiveresearch.us)
- Sevoflurane led the product segment in 2018 and is anticipated to grow at a lucrative rate over the forecast period, attributed to its therapeutic advantages, low cost, and higher potency for the induction of anesthesia. (reportlinker.com)
- Advantages offered by desflurane such as low risk of nephrotoxicity and quick recovery as compared to sevoflurane will foster inhalation anesthesia market growth. (gminsights.com)
- The purpose of this study is to determine whether anesthesia maintained with propofol results in better one- and five-year-survival than anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- This report covers the 2018 market scenario and outlook of Inhalation Anesthesia to 2025. (aarkstore.com)
- Inhalation Anesthesia Market size was valued at USD 1.3 billion in 2018 and is expected to witness 5.4% CAGR from 2019 to 2025. (gminsights.com)
- Induction inhalation anesthesia market segment accounted for more than USD 250 million in 2018. (gminsights.com)
- The global market size of Inhalation Anesthesia is $XX million in 2017 with XX CAGR from 2013 to 2017, and it is expected to reach $XX million by the end of 2023 with a CAGR of XX% from 2018 to 2023. (businessindustryreports.com)
- Lieberman RW, Orkin FK, Jobes DR, Schwartz AJ (1983) Hemodynamic predictors of myocardial ischemia during halothane anesthesia for coronary-artery revascularization. (springer.com)
- Incidence of catechol-amine-induced arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. (webmd.com)
- 11.Reisner LS, Lippmann M. Ventricular arrhythmias after epinephrine injection in enflurane and in halothane anesthesia. (webmd.com)
- 12.Ikezono E, Yasuda K, Hattori Y. Effects of propranolol on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia in man and cats. (webmd.com)
- 13.Ueda W, Hirakawa M, Mae O. Appraisal of epinephrine administration to patients under halothane anesthesia for closure of cleft palate. (webmd.com)
- Effect of halothane anesthesia on mesenteric intralymphatic pressure in the rat. (biomedsearch.com)
- Desflurane is a volatile, non-flammable and non-explosive agent extensively used in maintenance of general anesthesia. (gminsights.com)
- Desflurane inhalation agent was synthesized by Dr Terell (1992) among 600 compounds. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Desflurane inhalation agent is a halogenated ether. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Desflurane inhalation agent has a bp of 22.8°C just above room temperature (i.e., of operation theatres), SVP at 20°C 664 mm Hg (88.3 kPa), this means Desflurane inhalation agent cannot be used in conventional vapourizers but needs a special vapourizer at a constant temperature (by heater) and pressure 1500 mm Hg (200 kPa) and then mixed with a carrier gas. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Inhaled desflurane is used to cause general anesthesia (loss of consciousness) before and during surgery in adults. (drugs.com)
- Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
- Some drugs described here appear in both the anesthesia and analgesia modules. (ccac.ca)
- Anesthesia Current Researches & Analgesia 46 , 596 (1967). (springer.com)
- Vercauteren M. Obstetric spinal analgesia and anesthesia. (edp-open.org)
- Comparing epidural surgical anesthesia and spinal anesthesia following epidural labor analgesia for intrapartum cesarean section: a prospective randomized controlled trial. (edp-open.org)
- The gas is rapidly absorbed on inhalation, providing analgesia within minutes. (worldwidewounds.com)
- Increasing number of emergency surgeries driving the count of hospital admissions coupled with favorable private and public insurance will drive the inhalation anesthesia market. (openpr.com)
- and increased use of these in various disease diagnosis drive the inhalation anesthesia market growth. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- The report specifically focuses on different types of Inhalation Anesthesia with a special attention of their emergence over the forecast period to 2025. (aarkstore.com)
- While growth will remain steady in the developed markets, Asian and other emerging markets will be key for Inhalation Anesthesia market growth from 2019 to 2025. (aarkstore.com)
- The inhalation anesthesia market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8 percent until 2025. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- According to new report available with Million Insights, Inhalation Anesthesia Industry Report by Material, Application, and Geography - Global Market Forecast to 2025 is a professional and in-depth research report on the world's major regional inhalation anesthesia market conditions, focusing on the main regions. (abnewswire.com)
- A local anesthesia induced by injecting the local anesthetic agent close to the nerve trunk, at some distance from the operative field. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- a) Local anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic solution in the area of terminal nerve endings. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- Local anesthesia allowed inhalation for about 10 minutes, which resulted in successful demonstration of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea with bifurcation. (biomedsearch.com)
- From injection techniques for local anesthesia to conscious sedation either enteral (oral), Parenteral (IV) or inhalation (Nitrous oxide/oxygen). (agd.org)
- Local Anesthesia and General Anesthesia are the two commonly used types of anesthesia. (gii.co.jp)
- Local anesthesia is a condition when sensation within a specific body part in inhibited, where as general anesthesia results in loss of consciousness and sensation. (gii.co.jp)
- caudal anesthesia a type of regional anesthesia that was used in childbirth between the 1940s and the 1960s. (thefreedictionary.com)
- epidural anesthesia regional anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic agent into the epidural space. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Regional anesthesia numbs a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm, also without affecting consciousness. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- Mass Spectrometer Monitoring of Patients with Regional Anesthesia", by Ibarra et al. (freepatentsonline.com)
- The most common side effect of inhalation anesthesia products is nausea. (coherentmarketinsights.com)
- For example Piramal Enterprises picked up Janssen's products of pain management and injectable anesthesia during the period of past year. (millioninsights.com)
- Inhalation anesthesia is preferred over injectable anesthesia as it proves to be less painful. (abnewswire.com)
- Upon evaluation of a number of variables, inhalation anesthesia offers many advantages over traditional injectable anesthesia, as seen in the chart. (licor.com)
- Flow rates are fixed for each breathing device, eliminating complex calculations and adjustments during procedures as is common with injectable anesthesia as well as traditional inhalation anesthesia systems. (licor.com)
- Rising number of geriatric population coupled with increasing number of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory disorders and introduction of advanced anesthesia will offer lucrative growth opportunities for the inhalation anesthesia market growth. (openpr.com)
- Respiratory depression and hypothermia are two of the major concerns during anesthesia of small rodents. (tamu.edu)
- The incidence of adverse events which included laryngospasm, respiratory tract infection, the length of Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) staying, the volume of throat secretions and hoarseness were monitored closely. (alliedacademies.org)
- Preoperative budesonide aerosol inhalation could reduce the incidence of respiratory adverse events during the anesthesia recovery period in children. (alliedacademies.org)
- Excessive inhalation of vapors can irritate the respiratory tract and possibly lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs. (hazard.com)
- During anesthesia, when the inspiratory gases are cold and dry, humidification of gases is recommended to prevent drying of the mucosal epithelium and respiratory secretions. (usp.br)
- Hypoventilation could be detected by continuous monitoring of tidal volume and minute ventilation from non-intubated patients with respiratory depression in post anesthesia care unit (PACU) and general ward. (nature.com)
- Growing adoption of inhalation anesthesia for globally rising prevalence of cataract surgeries, enhanced access to healthcare treatments, and rise in disposable income will fuel the industry growth. (openpr.com)
- Increasing number of surgeries worldwide is one of the major factors driving growth of the inhalation anesthesia market. (coherentmarketinsights.com)
- They are used to induce and maintain anesthesia during surgeries. (abnewswire.com)
- Patients undergoing extracranial surgeries who have TBI may suffer from secondary injuries due to blood loss or anesthesia. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- United States Anesthesia Drugs Market is projected to reach US$ 5 Billion by the year 2024 owing to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular cases, rising geriatric population and growing number of urgent surgeries in the United States. (gii.co.jp)
- Surgeries are performed daily and CRNAs provide anesthesia. (samaritanspurse.org)
- The interest in veterinary anesthesia has increased considerably, with greater focus on anesthesia as an important part of animal management and care. (springer.com)
- Propofol will be infused individually for a sufficient level of anesthesia during the entire surgical procedure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- They were given two different types of anesthesia, group A received general anesthesia with the Laryngeal Mask (LMA), and group B were treated with budesonide aerosol inhalation preoperatively before general anesthesia with LMA. (alliedacademies.org)
- This report studies the global market size of Inhalation Anesthesia in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Central & South America and Middle East & Africa, focuses on the consumption of Inhalation Anesthesia in these regions. (qyresearchreports.com)
- Moreover, increasing number of hospital admissions and subsequent surgical demand, increasing geriatric population, and high trauma incidences are other prominent factors driving growth of the inhalation anesthesia market in North America. (coherentmarketinsights.com)
- 7 The geographic regions represented in the inhalation anesthesia market are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and the Middle East and Africa (MEA). (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- Steffey, E 2002, ' Recent advances in inhalation anesthesia ', Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice , vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 159-168. (elsevier.com)
- Apart from the extensive discussion of the advances in knowledge in the field of cardiovascular pathophysiology, the focal point of the contribut- ions is made up of those with anaesthesia in coronary heart disease and cardiac insufficieny as well as the contribution on interactions of inhalation anaesthetics with cardiovascular drugs. (springer.com)
- Kuczkowski KM, Chandra S. Single dose spinal anesthesia for the management of labor pain in the developing world: defining the benefits. (edp-open.org)
- Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of ENTONOX inhalation and spinal injection on the reduction of labor pain, the Apgar score of the neonates, and their side effects on new-born children and pregnant women. (edp-open.org)
- All Participants were divided in two groups ENTONOX Inhalation and Spinal Anesthesia. (edp-open.org)
- However, the participants in the spinal anesthesia were checked three times. (edp-open.org)
- Results: The findings showed that the spinal anesthesia technique was significantly more effective than gas inhalation in that it reduced as much as 3 points more than did the inhalation ( P -value: 0.001). (edp-open.org)
- Moreover, the comparison of the mean Apgar scores showed that the mean Apgar score of the neonates of spinal anesthesia mothers was 0.36 point lower than that of the neonates in the gas inhalation group. (edp-open.org)
- Conclusions: the result of the present study indicated that spinal anesthesia was more effective than ENTONOX inhalation in reducing the labor pain. (edp-open.org)
- Types of anesthesia include spinal, Ketamine, and GA w/ LMA or intubation/paralysis as needed. (samaritanspurse.org)
- Sadacharam K, Ahmad M. Epidural anesthesia for labor pain and cesarean section in a parturient with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. (edp-open.org)
- Patients recovering from general anesthesia must be assessed constantly until they have reacted. (thefreedictionary.com)
- When patients are awakening from general anesthesia they may be restless, attempting to get out of bed or even striking out at those around them because they are afraid and disoriented. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This paper will review the current understanding of mechanisms involved in the production of myocardial ischemia during inhalation anesthesia in patients with ischemic heart disease. (springer.com)
- Sonntag H, Larsen R, Hilfiker O, et al (1982) Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease. (springer.com)
- The patients were grouped according to whether IV or inhalation anesthesia was used for surgery. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD), a notable hazard to both patients and society, maybe contribute to deficiently controlled neuroinflammatory processes initiated by anesthesia and surgery. (clinexpmed.org)
- POCD is defined as a later onset form of postoperative cognitive decline arising after anesthesia and surgery with significant consequences to both patients and the society. (clinexpmed.org)
- In patients and volunteers, the inhalation of the contrast medium dust caused strong cough. (biomedsearch.com)
- Does inhalation injury increase the mortality rate in burn patients? (signavitae.com)
- Inhalation injury accounts for 20% to 80% of deaths in burn patients due to severe cardiopulmonary distress not seen in cutaneous injury alone. (signavitae.com)
- However, there are few comparative studies or retrospective analyses of the injury severity or deaths of patients with inhalation injury. (signavitae.com)
- We evaluated 59 patients (31 with inhalation injury and 27 without inhalation injury) who had sustained a severe burn injury and were treated in the intensive care unit at our medical center from 2004 through 2006. (signavitae.com)
- Of the 31 patients with inhalation injury, 14 (45.2%) died, and of the 27 without inhalation injury, 4 (16.7%) died. (signavitae.com)
- The median (mean) burn index in patients without and with inhalation injury were 45 and 50 points (17.9 and 34.4), and the median (mean) prognostic burn index scores between patients with and without inhalation injury were 88.5 and 55.5 points (86.8 and 69.4). (signavitae.com)
- The median (mean) prognostic burn index scores in surviving patients with and without inhalation injury were 49.5 and 67 points (60.0 and 70.0), which suggest that patients with inhalation injury sustained significantly more severe cutaneous burns than did patients without inhalation injury. (signavitae.com)
- We conclude that inhalation injury alone may be fatal, but many patients with inhalation injury also sustain more severe cutaneous burns, which can further increase the mortality rate. (signavitae.com)
- The mortality rate in patients with burn injuries is affected as much by the presence of inhalation injury as by burn area or age. (signavitae.com)
- 1-3) Many investigators have reported that inhalation injuries are associated with a high mortality rate, because they cause cardiopulmonary distress not seen in patients with cutaneous injury alone. (signavitae.com)
- This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological characteristics and tendencies of inhalation injury and to evaluate the risk of death in patients with inhalation injuries though analysis of the burn index (BI= body surface area [BSA] of deep burn + BSA of dermal burn × 1/2) and the prognostic burn index (PBI= BSA of deep burn + BSA of dermal burn × 1/2 + patient age). (signavitae.com)
- Of these patients, 31 with inhalation injuries and 27 without inhalation injuries were eligible for this retrospective study (the presence of inhalation injury in 1 patient was unclear). (signavitae.com)
- 1) Patients with inhalation injury ranged in age from 15 to 92 years (mean age, 57.4 ± 20.3 years), and patients without inhalation injury ranged in age from 3 months to 102 years (mean age, 57.8 ± 32.4 years) (no significant difference, Wilcoxon signed rank test). (signavitae.com)
- Patients with inhalation injury were more likely to have a fatal outcome than those without inhalation injury, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.09, Chi-square test). (signavitae.com)
- The establishment of artificial airway was essential to reduce the incidence of postoperative throat complications during the process of anesthesia. (alliedacademies.org)
- 1 Anesthesiologists give inhalation anesthesia, which has been common for over 80 years, 2 through a laryngeal mask airway, anesthesia mask or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporizer and an anesthetic delivery system. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- The aim of the present study was to measure airway, oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal deposition of 99m Tc-labelled hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone dipropionate after inhalation via a pressurised metered-dose inhaler and spacer (Aerochamber Plus TM ) in asthmatic children. (ersjournals.com)
- Interventions of the health care team will be individualized based on the type of procedure the patient has undergone and the type of anesthesia administered. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The association between type of anesthesia used and recurrence of cancer remains controversial. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to evaluate the influence of type of anesthesia on recurrence-free survival and overall survival. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- The risks of cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality were compared between each type of anesthesia. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- The authors found no association between type of anesthesia used and the long-term prognosis of breast cancer. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- Changes in breathing pattern, eye movements, lacrimation, and muscle tone are indicators for the depth of anesthesia. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In clinical anaesthesiology the inhalation anaesthetics halothane (fluothane), enflurane and - in recent times - forane got a renaissance in clinical application. (springer.com)
- Inhalation anesthetic agents are administered through masks or tracheal tubes. (qyresearchreports.com)
- Anesthesia, tracheal intubation, or premedication were not necessary. (biomedsearch.com)
- Pharyngalgia, cough, hoarseness and laryngospasm were the main postoperative throat complications after anesthesia. (alliedacademies.org)
- 6 Advanced ages, prolonged anesthesia, extensive surgery, and perioperative complications are all among the recognized risk factors of POCD. (clinexpmed.org)
- Hubbell J A E (2004) Anesthesia of the Horse: Monitoring, Recovery and Complications . (vetstream.com)
- Management of anesthesia complications and the management of prescription drugs for pain control, anesthesia and chronic pain management. (agd.org)
- Preparation in identifying and managing complications during anesthesia, may be simulation based. (agd.org)
- Complications arising in inhalation sedation are rare and are termed as are those which require intervention in order to correct adverse physiological consequences that can inadvertently accompany the sedation technique. (wikipedia.org)
- That produced by injection of the anesthetic into the extradural space, either between the vertebral spines or into the sacral hiatus (caudal block - anesthesia by injection of local anesthetic into the caudal or sacral canal. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- SOMETY Genji Niigata University, Dental Anesthesia, Professor. (nii.ac.jp)
- TAKAYAMA Haruko Niigata University, Dental Anesthesia, Assistant professor. (nii.ac.jp)
- Division of Dental Anesthesia, Hiroshima University Dental Hospital, Japan. (biomedsearch.com)
- Comparison of the arrhythmic doses of epinephrine during Forane, halothane, and fluroxene anesthesia in dogs. (webmd.com)
- Factors affecting efficacy include age, the particle size of the aerosol, the delivery device, the inhalation profile and the geometry of the airways 8 , 9 . (ersjournals.com)
- Inhalation: Aerosol mousse products contain propellant. (nih.gov)
- Presence of organizations and associations offering platform for research and findings for anesthesia and mounting occurrence of chronic conditions will fuel the business growth in India. (openpr.com)
- This provides strong support for Inhalation Anesthesia market growth in the medium to long term future. (aarkstore.com)
- To analyze the Inhalation Anesthesia with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market. (qyresearchreports.com)
- Increased trauma and accidents deaths worldwide would be another factor for growth of the inhalation anesthesia market. (coherentmarketinsights.com)
- However, risks associated with certain therapeutic and diagnostic devices for neonates and low adoption rate of new technologies, owing to reluctance from physicians for treatment, restrain the growth of the inhalation anesthesia devices market. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- In addition, environmental concerns regarding vigorous usage of inhalation anesthesia is anticipated to hamper the market growth. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- Moreover, stringent regulations set by FDA in surgical procedures also hinder the growth of the inhalation anesthesia market . (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- In addition, emerging economies of Asia-Pacific and LAMEA offer lucrative growth opportunities for the expansion of inhalation anesthesia market, due to improvement in healthcare infrastructure and increase in demand for better healthcare. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- Surge in number of emergency and trauma cases and growing patient inclination towards ambulatory day care procedures will serve to be positive impact rendering factors augmenting inhalation anesthesia industry growth. (gminsights.com)
- Additionally, faster recovery as compared to halothane and minimal risk of fulminant hepatitis will boost inhalation anesthesia business growth during the forecast period. (gminsights.com)
- 4,6 The two main drivers for market growth are inhalation anesthesia's precision of maintenance during procedures, 4,7 as well as an increasing geriatric population who suffer from chronic ailments and degenerative diseases. (anesthesiaexperts.com)
- Based on the examination of influencing growth and limiting parameters, the precise data indicating the future growth trend of the market can be obtained, which is thoroughly explained in the Inhalation Anesthesia Market research report. (chypernews.com)
- A predictable growth trend to be followed by the Inhalation Anesthesia Market is also included in the report. (chypernews.com)
- This market research report provides a complete analysis of the United States Anesthesia Drugs Market and their projections for the upcoming years, Growth Drivers, Challenges, and Reimbursement policy. (gii.co.jp)
- The objectives of this study are to define, segment, and project the size of the Inhalation Anesthesia market based on company, product type, application and key regions. (qyresearchreports.com)
- For competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Inhalation Anesthesia as well as some small players. (businessindustryreports.com)
- He defended his father's claim and criticized all others… "For example on Horace Wells's failure to establish nitrous oxide anesthesia, the junior Dr. Morton advanced the theory that it was the instrument that failed Wells, not the early withdrawal of nitrous oxide from the patient. (abaa.org)
- In 1795, Sir Humphrey Davy and surgeon J. B. Borlase experimented with nitrous oxide and the effects of its inhalation. (wikipedia.org)
- Many surgical procedures can be done with conduction anesthesia without significant pain. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- Germany accounted for highest revenue share in the region, owing to increasing chronic conditions associated with elderly population coupled with adoption rate of inhalation anesthesia. (openpr.com)