Anesthesia epidural. Medical search

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

Pain during the period after surgery.

The period during a surgical operation.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)

A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.

A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.

An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.

Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.

Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.

Books designed to give factual information or instructions.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.

Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.

Procedure in which arterial blood pressure is intentionally reduced in order to control blood loss during surgery. This procedure is performed either pharmacologically or by pre-surgical removal of blood.

Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Facilities equipped for performing surgery.

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals.

The period following a surgical operation.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Professional nurses who have completed postgraduate training in the administration of anesthetics and who function under the responsibility of the operating surgeon.

Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.

A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.

Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.

The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.

Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.

A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four CERVICAL SPINAL CORD segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head. It also distributes motor fibers to muscles of the cervical SPINAL COLUMN, infrahyoid muscles, and the DIAPHRAGM.

A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.

The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of, nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object.

Operative procedures performed on the SKIN.

The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.

Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

Dental care for the emotionally, mentally, or physically disabled patient. It does not include dental care for the chronically ill ( = DENTAL CARE FOR CHRONICALLY ILL).

A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.

An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).

Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.

Investigations conducted on the physical health of teeth involving use of a tool that transmits hot or cold electric currents on a tooth's surface that can determine problems with that tooth based on reactions to the currents.

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.

An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.

A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.

The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.

A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.

Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR DISABLED.

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

Devices for the compression of a blood vessel by application around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

The process of minimizing risk to an organization by developing systems to identify and analyze potential hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences, and by attempting to handle events and incidents which do occur in such a manner that their effect and cost are minimized. Effective risk management has its greatest benefits in application to insurance in order to avert or minimize financial liability. (From Slee & Slee: Health care terms, 2d ed)

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body.

Evaluation, planning, and use of a range of procedures and airway devices for the maintenance or restoration of a patient's ventilation.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)

The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of eight (8) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction by causing sustained depolarization of the motor end plate. These agents are primarily used as adjuvants in surgical anesthesia to cause skeletal muscle relaxation.

Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Hospital unit providing continuous monitoring of the patient following anesthesia.

A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.

Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.

Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.

A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.

The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Spinal epidural abscess associated with epidural catheterization: report of a case and a review of the literature. (1/613)

We describe a 53-year-old man who developed a catheter-related epidural abscess 8 days after left upper lobectomy for lung cancer. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in a culture of the epidural pus. Magnetic resonance imaging was essential for the diagnosis of epidural abscess and for determining the extent of spread. The patient was treated by laminectomy and administration of appropriate antibiotics, with almost complete recovery, except for urinary retention. A literature search yielded 29 additional cases of catheter-related epidural abscess. The median duration of catheterization was 4 days and the median time to onset of the clinical symptoms after catheter placement was 8 days. Eleven of the 30 patients had some underlying disorders, including malignancy or herpes zoster, or were receiving steroids. Nine of the 10 patients with thoracic epidural abscess had persistent neurological deficits, whereas 12 of the 15 patients with lumbar epidural abscess showed a full recovery after treatment. Surgical decompression was not required in six patients without significant neurological deficits, who recovered following antibiotic treatment (four patients) or percutaneous drainage (two patients). Thoracic catheters are associated with a disproportionately high incidence of epidural abscess and persistent neurological sequelae following treatment. (+info)

Comparison of three solutions of ropivacaine/fentanyl for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia. (2/613)

BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine, 0.2%, is a new local anesthetic approved for epidural analgesia. The addition of 4 microg/ml fentanyl improves analgesia from epidural ropivacaine. Use of a lower concentration of ropivacaine-fentanyl may further improve analgesia or decrease side effects. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomized in a double-blinded manner to receive one of three solutions: 0.2% ropivacaine-4 microg fentanyl 0.1% ropivacaine-2 microg fentanyl, or 0.05% ropivacaine-1 microg fentanyl for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after standardized combined epidural and general anesthesia. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia settings and adjustments for the three solutions were standardized to deliver equivalent drug doses. Pain scores (rest, cough, and ambulation), side effects (nausea, pruritus, sedation, motor block, hypotension, and orthostasis), and patient-controlled epidural analgesia consumption were measured for 48 h. RESULTS: All three solutions produced equivalent analgesia. Motor block was significantly more common (30 vs. 0%) and more intense with the 0.2% ropivacaine-4 microg fentanyl solution. Other side effects were equivalent between solutions and mild in severity. A significantly smaller volume of 0.2% ropivacaine-4 microg fentanyl solution was used, whereas the 0.1% ropivacaine-2 microg fentanyl group used a significantly greater amount of ropivacaine and fentanyl. CONCLUSIONS: Lesser concentrations of ropivacaine and fentanyl provide comparable analgesia with less motor block despite the use of similar amounts of ropivacaine and fentanyl. This finding suggests that concentration of local anesthetic solution at low doses is a primary determinant of motor block with patient-controlled epidural analgesia after lower abdominal surgery. (+info)

Ballistic shock wave lithotripsy in an 18-year-old thoroughbred gelding. (3/613)

Prolonged postoperative recuperation time and restricted exercise were circumvented by using ballistic shock wave lithotripsy to break up an 8-cm diameter vesical calculus and by flushing out the sand-like residue under epidural anesthesia with the horse standing. Recovery was uneventful. (+info)

Assessing introduction of spinal anaesthesia for obstetric procedures. (4/613)

To assess the impact of introducing spinal anaesthesia for obstetric operative procedures on use of general anaesthesia and quality of regional anaesthesia in a unit with an established epidural service a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data on method of anaesthesia, efficacy, and complications was carried out. Data were collected from 1988 to 1991 on 1670 obstetric patients requiring an operative procedure. The introduction of spinal anaesthesia in 1989 significantly reduced the proportion of operative procedures performed under general anaesthesia, from 60% (234/390) in 1988 to 30% (124/414) in 1991. The decrease was most pronounced for manual removal of the placenta (88%, 48/55 v 9%, 3/34) and emergency caesarean section (67%, 129/193) v 38%, 87/229). Epidural anaesthesia decreased in use most significantly for elective caesarean section (65%, 77/118 v 3% 3/113; x2=139, p<0.0001). The incidence of severe pain and need for conversion to general anaesthesia was significantly less with spinal anaesthesia (0%, 0/207 v 3%, 5/156; p<0.05). Hypotension was not a problem, and the incidence of headache after spinal anaesthetic decreased over the period studied. Introducing spinal anaesthesia therefore reduced the need for general anaesthesia and improved the quality of regional anaesthesia. (+info)

Quantitative and selective assessment of sensory block during lumbar epidural anaesthesia with 1% or 2% lidocaine. (5/613)

We have examined sensory block during lumbar epidural anaesthesia using a cutaneous current perception threshold (CPT) sensory testing device in 20 patients who received 10 ml of either 1% or 2% lidocaine (lignocaine). CPT at 2000, 250 and 5 Hz stimulation at the trigeminal (V), ninth thoracic (T9) and second lumbar (L2) dermatomes, and dermatomal levels of block to light touch, temperature and pinprick discrimination were measured before and every 5 min until 60 min after epidural lidocaine. There were significant differences between 1% and 2% epidural lidocaine in all CPT at T9 and L2, in addition to maximal cephalad spread of the three sensory modalities. After 2% lidocaine, all CPT increased significantly at T9 and L2. In contrast, only at 250 and 5 Hz for L2 did epidural block with 1% lidocaine produce significant increases in CPT. Maximal level of loss of touch sensation after 1% lidocaine was significantly lower than that of cold and pinprick sensations. We conclude that the dose of lidocaine affected intensity of sensory block during lumbar epidural anaesthesia. In addition, differential neural block resulting from epidural anaesthesia appeared to be associated with a differential effect on nerve fibres of different sizes. (+info)

Epidural catheter tip position and distribution of injectate evaluated by computed tomography. (6/613)

BACKGROUND: The distribution of solutions injected into the epidural space has not been determined. The author therefore examined the site of catheter tips and the spread of contrast material in the epidural space using computed tomographic (CT) imaging in patients receiving successful epidural analgesia. METHODS: Lumbar epidural catheters were placed in 20 female patients by a midline technique. Anesthetic effect was determined by motor and sensory examinations during analgesic infusion. CT images were obtained for identification of the catheter tip and after radiographic contrast injection of 4 ml and then an additional 10 ml. RESULTS: Catheter tips were most often found lateral to the dura in the intervertebral foramen. In these subjects with normally functioning epidural analgesia, there was remarkable interindividual variability in patterns of spread, including various amounts of anterior passage, layering along the dura, and compression of the dura creating a posterior fold. Accumulation becomes more symmetric with increasing injectate volume. Spread through the intervertebral foramina was seen in all subjects. Air and fat in the region of the catheter interfered with solution spread in three subjects, but only over a limited area. Asymmetry in anesthetic effect was attributable to catheter position. No substantial barriers to solution spread were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of catheter tip positions and patterns of solution spread underlie normal epidural anesthesia. Nonuniform distribution of injectate is common and is compatible with uniform anesthesia. Posterior midline structures play a minimal role in impeding distribution of injectate. A far lateral catheter position is a more common cause of asymmetric block than anatomic barriers to solution spread. (+info)

Anaesthetic management of a woman who became paraplegic at 22 weeks' gestation after a spontaneous spinal cord haemorrhage secondary to a presumed arteriovenous malformation. (7/613)

A 19-yr-old woman developed a paraplegia with a T10 sensory level at 22 weeks' gestation. The spinal injury was caused by spontaneous bleed of a presumed arteriovenous malformation in the spinal cord. She presented for Caesarean section at term because of the breech position of her fetus. The successful use of a combined spinal epidural-regional anaesthetic is described and the risks of general and regional anaesthesia are discussed. (+info)

Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean section in severely preeclamptic patients: a retrospective survey. (8/613)

BACKGROUND: Selection of spinal anesthesia for severely preeclamptic patients requiring cesarean section is controversial. Significant maternal hypotension is believed to be more likely with spinal compared with epidural anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to assess, in a large retrospective clinical series, the blood pressure effects of spinal and epidural anesthesia in severely preeclamptic patients requiring cesarean section. METHODS: The computerized medical records database was reviewed for all preeclamptic patients having cesarean section between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1996. All nonlaboring severely preeclamptic patients receiving either spinal or epidural anesthesia for cesarean section were included for analysis. The lowest recorded blood pressures were compared for the 20-min period before induction of regional anesthesia, the period from induction of regional anesthesia to delivery, and the period from delivery to the end of operation. RESULTS: Study groups included 103 women receiving spinal anesthesia and 35 receiving epidural anesthesia. Changes in the lowest mean blood pressure were similar after epidural or spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative ephedrine use was similar for both groups. Intraoperative crystalloid administration was statistically greater for patients receiving spinal versus epidural anesthesia (1780 +/- 838 vs. 1359 +/- 674 ml, respectively). Neonatal Apgar scores and incidence of maternal intensive care unit admission or postoperative pulmonary edema were also similar. CONCLUSION: Although we cannot exclude the possibility that the spinal and epidural anesthesia groups were dissimilar, the magnitudes of maternal blood pressure declines were similar after spinal or epidural anesthesia in this series of severely preeclamptic patients receiving cesarean section. Maternal and fetal outcomes also were similar. (+info)

... in conjunction with epidural anesthesia; in overdose of ganglion blockers, alpha-adrenergic blockers, neuroleptics, anesthetics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Ethylisothiouronium_diethylphosphate

... epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia). *Abdominal surgery (epidural anesthesia/spinal anesthesia, often ... spinal/epidural anesthesia). *Bone and joint surgery of the pelvis, hip, and leg (spinal/epidural anesthesia, peripheral nerve ... making epidural anesthesia still a highly successful technique. Besides its many uses for surgery, epidural anesthesia is ... plexus anesthesia). Spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia merge into the central nervous system. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic

Matsukawa T, Sessler DI, Christensen R, Ozaki M, Schroeder M (1995). "Heat flow and distribution during epidural anesthesia". ... Saager L, Hesler BD, You J, Turan A, Mascha EJ, Sessler DI, Kurz A (2014). "Intraoperative transitions of anesthesia care and ... They were also among the first anesthesia investigators to conduct large-scale registry research. Taking advantage of dense ... While the effects of anesthesia have traditionally been considered to dissipate within hours of surgery, there is increasing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcomes_Research_Consortium

Due to his early accidental death, his pioneering work in epidural anesthesia (or metameric anesthesia as he called it) went ... Fidel Pagés published an article in July 1921 called "Anestesia Metamérica" (i.e. metameric anesthesia or epidural anesthesia) ... Two of his main contributions during this time are the publication of his seminal article on epidural anesthesia and a series ... History of neuraxial anesthesia Leon Visser (2001). "Epidural Anaesthesia". Update in Anaesthesia (13): 1. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Pagés

"A virtual simulation environment for learning epidural anesthesia". Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 29: 164-175. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality

Epidural procedure History of neuraxial anesthesia Odom's indicator Dogliotti, AM (1933). "Research and clinical observations ... It is a method for the identification of the epidural space, a potential space. As a needle is advanced through the ligamentum ... Wilson MJA (2007). "Epidural endeavour and the pressure principle". Anaesthesia. 62 (4): 319-324. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007. ... Dogliotti's principle is a principle in epidural anaesthesia first described by Professor Achille Mario Dogliotti in 1933. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogliotti's_principle

"Manuel Martinez Curbelo And Continuous Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia" (PDF). Bulletin of Anesthesia History. 22 (4): 1-8. doi: ... In 1931, Aburel was the first to describe blocking the lumbar plexus during early labor, followed by a caudal epidural ... History of neuraxial anesthesia Collis, Rachel E.; Urquhart, John; Plaat, Felicity (2002). Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Aburel

Fetal acidosis, 2-chloroprocaine, and epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 Feb 1;151(3):322-4. ... It is not used in intravenous regional anesthesia due to the risk of thrombophlebitis.[citation needed] ... Chloroprocaine (pKa 8.7) is the drug of choice for epidural analgesia and a decompensating fetus, because it does not ... "Comparison of bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine for spinal anesthesia for outpatient surgery: a double-blind randomized trial." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprocaine

Epidural anesthesia and delivery also can cause the overflow incontinence. Overflow incontinence occurs when the patient's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overflow_incontinence

Epidural anesthesia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy also have vasodilator effect. A 2020 Cochrane review found moderate certainty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboangiitis_obliterans

Keech, Brian M. (2015). "Thoracic epidural analgesia in a child with multiple traumatic rib fractures". Journal of Clinical ... Anesthesia. 27 (8): 685-691. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.05.008. ISSN 0952-8180. PMID 26118312. Bounakis, Nikolaos; Karampalis ... Stroud, Andrea M.; Tulanont, Darena D.; Coates, Thomasena E.; Goodney, Philip P.; Croitoru, Daniel P. (2014). "Epidural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chest_pain_in_children

In epidural anesthesia or intrathecal analgesia. *For palliative care (i.e. to lessen pain without curing the underlying reason ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine

Jin HC, Keller AJ, Jung JK, Subieta A, Brennan TJ (October 2007). "Epidural tezampanel, an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, ... produces postoperative analgesia in rats". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 105 (4): 1152-9, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ane. ... a new class of drugs for spinal anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 97 (1): 177-82. doi:10.1097/00000542-200207000-00025. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tezampanel

Boston Globe: Jess Weiss, 90; redesigned an epidural needle "Obituary Jess B. Weiss, M.D., 1917-2007". Anesthesia History ... Weiss was best known for redesigning the shape of the epidural needle by adding a T-shaped set of wings. This allowed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jess_Weiss

... the network of epidural veins is overdrained, causing CSF to be aspirated into the epidural space. True leaks can form at weak ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 56 (8): 609-13. doi:10.1007/s12630-009-9121-y. PMID 19495908. Mea, E.; Chiapparini, L.; ... Through the injection of a person's own blood into the area of the hole in the dura, an epidural blood patch uses blood's ... Once identified, the leak can often be repaired by an epidural blood patch, an injection of the patient's own blood at the site ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_cerebrospinal_fluid_leak

Studies among ewes demonstrated that the Ferguson reflex is blocked by epidural anesthesia. In their studies among mice, Niles ... Blockade of the Ferguson reflex by lumbar epidural anaesthesia in the parturient sheep: effects on oxytocin secretion and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferguson_reflex

... is sometimes given intrathecally as part of spinal anesthesia or epidurally for epidural anaesthesia and analgesia. ... Intravenous fentanyl is often used for anesthesia and to treat pain. To induce anesthesia, it is given with a sedative-hypnotic ... "Pharmacokinetics and transplacental distribution of fentanyl in epidural anesthesia for normal pregnant women". European ... To maintain anesthesia, inhaled anesthetics and additional fentanyl may be used. These are often given in 15-30 minute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl

... provide an early indicator of sympathectomy after epidural anesthesia, and improve detection of critical congenital heart ... "Pulse oximeter perfusion index as an early indicator of sympathectomy after epidural anesthesia". Acta Anaesthesiologica ... Recently, the National Health Service in the United Kingdom and the French Anesthesia and Critical Care Society listed PVI ... Barker SJ (October 2002). ""Motion-resistant" pulse oximetry: a comparison of new and old models". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 95 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry

epidural (synonym: peridural) (injection or infusion into the epidural space), e.g. epidural anesthesia ... "Anesthesia-analgesia.org. 1999-06-22. Retrieved 2010-08-19.. *^ a b "Crystal Meth: The Effects". Fenway Community Health. ... intrathecal (into the spinal canal) is most commonly used for spinal anesthesia and chemotherapy ... It can be used both for local effect as in allergy testing and typical local anesthesia, as well as systemic effects when the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenteral

To provide continuous epidural analgesia or anesthesia, a small hollow catheter may be threaded through the epidural needle ... Frölich, MA; Caton, D (July 2001). "Pioneers in epidural needle design". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 93 (1): 215-20. doi:10.1097/ ... Frölich, MA; Caton, D (July 2001). "Pioneers in epidural needle design". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 93 (1): 215-20. doi:10.1097/ ... Literally, an epidural needle is simply a needle that is placed into the epidural space. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuohy_needle

"The influence of race and socioeconomic factors on patient acceptance of perioperative epidural analgesia". Anesthesia and ... Besides, some patients might prefer an alternative to epidural analgesia because of epidural-related side effects. Epidural ... Christie, I. W; McCabe, S. (2007-03-21). "Major complications of epidural analgesia after surgery: results of a six-year survey ... an effective alternative to other regional anesthetic techniques such as peripheral nerve blocks and spinal-epidural anesthesia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_wound_infiltration

An Efficient Alternative to Counteract Hypotension During Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 90 (6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornipressin

... can be administered as part of an anesthesia technique called TIVA (Total Intravenous Anesthesia) using computer ... As such, it has been used for analgesia in labor successfully; however, it is not as effective as epidural analgesia. In ... Intranasal self-administration of remifentanil as the foray into opioid abuse by an anesthesia resident. Anesthesia & Analgesia ... The use of remifentanil has made possible the use of high-dose opioid and low-dose hypnotic anesthesia, due to synergism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remifentanil

The procedure can be performed under general, regional (spinal or epidural) or even local anesthesia.[citation needed] Access ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endovascular_aneurysm_repair

During C-sections, 80% of women receive spinal anesthesia, 15% epidural and 5% general anesthesia. Non-pharmacologic pain ... including increased use of epidural anesthesia and fetal monitoring. Little information is known about actual practices in Sri ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth_in_Sri_Lanka

There is consensus that epidural catheters should not be placed through irritated or infected tattoos. However, harm has not ... The AANA has accredited nurse anesthesia programs since January 19, 1952. The organization was recognized as an accrediting ... "Lumbar Epidural Catheter Placement in the Presence of Low Back Tattoos: A Review of the Safety Concerns" (PDF). AANA Journal. ... "epidural catheter placement through lumbar tattoos is a practitioner's decision based on clinical judgment". Welliver, Dawn; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Nurse_Anesthetists

General anesthesia is usually required, but postoperative spinal instability is typically limited. Since this procedure is a ... Some major complications that can occur are cerebrospinal fluid leaks, dural tears, infection, or epidural hematomas. Death is ... Laminotomies require general or spinal anesthesia and frequently require a hospital stay following the procedure-although the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminotomy

This measure is similar to breathing exercises during cramps before administration of epidurals. It has also been suggested ... Anesthesia Progress. 16 (1): 8-14. PMC 2235527. PMID 5250548. "Nonpharmacologic Approaches to Relieve Labor Pain: Music and ... that music may stimulate the production of endorphins and catecholamines.[citation needed] Anesthesia Gardner, WJ; Licklider JC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audioanalgesia

Additionally, Strauss has published on peripheral and central line catheters, anesthesia and surgical devices, safety injection ... devices, sharps disposal units, spinal and epidural catheters and vaccination devices. The retreat for health artists, Le ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Strauss

Jacqueline H. Wolf (7 January 2011). Deliver Me from Pain: Anesthesia and Birth in America. JHU Press. pp. 157-. ISBN 978-1- ... class has a specific curriculum that includes learning about common medical interventions and pain relief such as an epidural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamaze

Anesthesia & Analgesia. 104 (4): 763-5. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000250913.45299.f3. PMID 17377078. Retrieved 2008-12-30.. ... epidural blood patch, plasmapheresis, blood labeling or tagging and platelet gel (autologous) ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah's_Witness

Thoracic epidural analgesia or paravertebral blockade have shown to be the most effective methods for post-thoracotomy pain ... However, contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia include hypovolemia, shock, increase in ICP, coagulopathy or ... Treatment to aid pain relief for this condition includes intra-thoracic nerve blocks/opiates and epidurals, although results ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotomy

Anesthesia oxygen masks[edit]. Anesthesia masks are face masks that are designed to administer anesthetic gases to a patient ... Anesthesia masks fit over the mouth and nose and have a double hose system. One hose carries inhaled anesthetic gas to the mask ... Anesthesia masks have 4 point head strap harnesses to securely fit on the head to hold the mask in place as the anaesthesia ... Anesthesia masks are either made of anti-static silicone or rubber, as a static electricity spark may ignite some anesthetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_mask

Presence of an epidural catheter. *Known or suspected intracranial neoplasm or mass lesion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drotrecogin_alfa

Epidural, IV, intrathecal, transdermal.. Protein binding = 90%; half-life = 2.5 hours; excretion = urine (80%).. Adjunct to ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 114 (2): 424-33. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182334d68. PMID 21965355.. ... Epidural, IM, IV, intrathecally.. Protein binding = 90%; volume of distribution = small; half-life = 1-2 hours; hepatic ... Sublingual, transdermal, IM, IV, intranasal, epidural, SC.. Bioavailability = 79% (sublingual); protein binding = 96%: volume ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesic

A new method of drug administration". Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia. 26 (6): 221-230. PMID 18917536.. ... Bulletin of Anesthesia History. 16 (3): 10-12. doi:10.1016/s1522-8649(98)50046-7.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_injector

... spinal epidural abscess, spinal epidural hematoma, proximal diabetic neuropathy, Tarlov cysts, or, more rarely, sarcoidosis, ... Cauda equina syndrome should be investigated in case of saddle anesthesia, loss of bladder or bowel control, or leg weakness.[3 ... September 2015). "Epidural Corticosteroid Injections for Radiculopathy and Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta- ... Spinal epidural abscess is more common among those with diabetes mellitus or immunocompromised, who use intravenous drugs, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiculopathy

It is thought to result from a loss of cerebrospinal fluid[1] into the epidural space. A decreased hydrostatic pressure in the ... It is a common side-effect of spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture. Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid puncture causes reduced ... A small amount of the person's blood is injected into the epidural space near the site of the original puncture; the resulting ... The procedure carries the typical risks of any epidural puncture. However, it is effective,[5] and further intervention is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-dural-puncture_headache

"Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 8 (3), s. 283-90. doi:10.4103/0259-1162.143110. PMC 4258981 $2. PMID 25886322.. ... Düşük dozlarda spinal veya epidural anestezi/analjeziyi desteklemek için.. Ağrı kesici[değiştir , kaynağı değiştir]. Ameliyat ... 1 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rodents, Washington College, 2012, ss. 1-2, 4 August 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, ... Stunkard, JA; Miller, JC (September 1974). "An outline guide to general anesthesia in exotic species". Veterinary Medicine, ...

https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamin

Administration of nitrous oxide anesthesia can precipitate subacute combined degeneration in people with subclinical vitamin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subacute_combined_degeneration_of_spinal_cord

Anesthesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the phenomenon of nausea, vomiting or retching experienced by a patient ... Gibbison, B; Spencer, R (December 2009). "Post-operative nausea and vomiting". Anesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine. 10 (12): ... On average the incidence of nausea or vomiting after general anesthesia ranges between 25 and 30% [Cohen 1994]. Nausea and ... Anesthetic strategies to prevent vomiting include using regional anesthesia whenever possible and avoiding medications that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting

... and four of those procedures required general anesthesia.[7] ... 8. Injection foramen epidural lumbar, sacral: 3.9 percent. 9. ... was the first state to require accreditation for all outpatient facilities that administer sedation or general anesthesia. Many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulatory_surgery_center

Bonica, JJ; Moore, DC (1950). "Brachial plexus block anesthesia" (PDF). Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia. 29 (5 ... Complications associated with interscalene and supraclavicular blocks include inadvertent subarachnoid or epidural injection of ... Depending on the circumstances, alternatives to brachial plexus block may include general anesthesia, monitored anesthesia care ... "Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular approach for regional anesthesia of the brachial plexus" (PDF). Anesthesia and Analgesia. 78 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus_block

... and inadvertent spinal/epidural anesthesia could occur and therefore, patients should be carefully monitored during the ... and avoiding the side effects of general anesthesia.[13] In addition, regional anesthesia may be more cost-effective because it ... The benefits of utilizing regional anesthesia over general anesthesia include less intraoperative bleeding, more muscle ... Regional and general anesthesia are two methods that can be utilized when performing shoulder replacement. One example of a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_replacement

A Cochrane Review found that immersion during the first stage of childbirth reduces the use of epidurals, though it could not ... No anesthesiologist is required, and there is no risk of trauma or the complications of anesthesia. Thus, water immersion ... A 2009 Cochrane Review of water immersion in the first stages of labor found evidence of fewer epidurals and few adverse ... massage and epidural. Before birth pools became readily available there are many stories of women labouring and birthing in re- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_birth

Spinal, epidural and caudal anesthesia[edit]. Further information: Neuraxial blockade and History of neuraxial anesthesia ... epidural and caudal anesthesia).. *Topical anesthesia: local anesthetics that are specially formulated to diffuse through the ... Alternatively, epidural and spinal anesthesia can be performed in the region of the central nervous system itself, suppressing ... Epidural anesthesia does not typically affect muscle control. Because central neuraxial blockade causes arterial and venous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

A local anesthetic may be instilled into the pleural space, or an epidural catheter may be placed for anesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodesis

Basic of Anesthesia, Robert Stoelting, page 289) *^ Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian ... 87%-98% (epidural). Metabolism. Hepatic (CYP1A2-mediated). Elimination half-life. 1.6-6 hours (varies with administration route ... Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropivacaine

Historically anesthesia providers were almost solely utilized during surgery to administer general anesthesia in which a person ... For example, epidural administration of a local anesthetic is commonly performed on the mother during childbirth to reduce ... "Anesthesia". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved 11 September 2020.. *^ Yamamoto S, Tanaka P, Madsen MV, Macario A (February 2017 ... With the isolation of cocaine in the mid-nineteenth century there began to be drugs available for local anesthesia. By the end ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaesthesiologist

Miller KW (1985). "The nature of the site of general anesthesia". Int Rev Neurobiol. International Review of Neurobiology. 27: ... Taheri S, Laster MJ, Liu J, Eger EI II, Halsey MJ, Koblin DD (1993). "Anesthesia by n-alkanes not consistent with the Meyer- ... Miller KW (1985). "The nature of the site of general anesthesia". International review of neurobiology. International Review of ... Trudell JR (1977). "A unitary theory of anesthesia based on lateral phase separations in nerve membranes". Anesthesiology. 46 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_general_anaesthetic_action

Bever, C.T., Koenigsberger, M.R., Antunes, J.L., Wolff, J.A.: Epidural metastasis by Wilm's tumor. Am. J. Dis. Child. 135:644- ... Comparison of responses of regional cerebral blood flow to haemorrhage in Ketamine and pentobarbital anesthesia. Anesthesiology ... Farias, J.P., Lima, J.A., Antunes, J.L.: Subacute Cervical Epidural Hematomas. 42:414-416, 1994 ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/João_Lobo_Antunes

a b McAuliffe, M.S., Henry B. (2002). Nurse Anesthesia Worldwide: Practice, Education, and Regulation. Retrieved May 23, 2007, ... specializing in the administration of anesthesia.[4] CRNA's account for approximately half of the anesthesia providers in the ... A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. Nurse ... McAuliffe, M. S; Henry, B (1996). "Countries where anesthesia is administered by nurses". AANA Journal. 64 (5): 469-79. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_anaesthetist

Epidural[edit]. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) is a related term describing the patient-controlled administration ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 17 (3): 275-8. doi:10.1007/BF03004607. PMID 5512851. Retrieved 2010-11-21.. ... Sechzer, PH (1971). "Studies in pain with the analgesic-demand system". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 50 (1): 1-10. doi:10.1213/ ... A patient-controlled analgesia infusion pump, configured for epidural administration of fentanyl and bupivacaine for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient-controlled_analgesia

The decision whether to perform general anesthesia or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural anaesthetic) is important and is ... Both general and regional anaesthesia (spinal, epidural or combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia) are acceptable for use ... Patients with heavy, uncontrolled bleeding may not tolerate the hemodynamic effects of regional anesthesia. General anesthesia ... Other advantages of regional anesthesia may include the absence of typical risks of general anesthesia: pulmonary aspiration ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-section

"Epidural Corticosteroid Injection: Drug Safety Communication - Risk of Rare But Serious Neurologic Problems". FDA. 23 April ... buttocks (saddle anesthesia) Significant trauma related to age. Fracture Chronic corticosteroid use ... "Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal ... transforminal epidural injections and sacroilliac injections as diagnostic tests.[5] Most other physical tests, such as ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_back_pain

See also ,b>anesthesia,/b>, ,b>spinal cord,/b>. ... epidural anesthesia. Phonetic. ,b,ep,/b,-ih-,b,DUR,/b,-uhl an- ...

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Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Epidural Anesthesia in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of ... Epidural Anesthesia. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Epidural Anesthesia in minutes with SmartDraw. ... Epidural Anesthesia. Sagittal section of lumbar area of spinal column showing pertinent anatomy.. Needle inserted into epidural ...

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Spinal and epidural anesthesia are procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain. They are given ... Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia. In: Pardo MC, Miller RD, eds. Basics of Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia are procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain. They are given ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia work well for certain procedures and do not require placing a breathing tube into the windpipe ( ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007413.htm

Learn about pregnancy birth pain relief options during childbirth such as spinal and epidural blocks. local anesthesia, ... Epidural anesthesia is a popular choice for pain control because it does not affect your ability to push during labor. With ... An epidural block takes about 10 to 20 minutes to work, and because a catheter is inserted into the epidural space, the effects ... An anesthesiologist typically administers this type of anesthesia. With an epidural block, the medicine is injected into the ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/pregnancy_pain_relief_options_for_birth/article.htm

... , Combination Regional Anesthesia in Labor, Walking Epidural. ... Anesthesia, Epidural, Anesthesia, Extradural, Anesthesia, Peridural, Extradural Anesthesia, Peridural Anesthesia, Epidural ... Local anaesthet epidural block, LA - LA epidural block, epidural anesthesia (treatment), epidural anesthesia, epidural ... Epidural Anesthesia Aka: Epidural Anesthesia, Combination Regional Anesthesia in Labor, Walking Epidural ...

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... syringe of the type used for inserting a epidural needle into the epidural space of a patient for administration of anesthesia ... in that the bias is insufficient to inject the fluid into tissues normally encountered between the skin and the epidural space ... Epidural anesthesia involves the injection of a suitable liquid anesthetic substance into the epidural space which surrounds ... 7. A kit of parts for use in the administration of epidural anesthesia, comprising:. a disposable syringe including a syringe ...

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Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Under Epidural Anesthesia. Yamamoto, Kentaroh MD, PhD; Ishizawa, Takeaki MD, PhD; Kokudo, Norihiro MD ... Home , August 2014 - Volume 260 - Issue 2 , Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Under Epidural Anesthesia ...

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Use of perioperative epidural anesthesia-analgesia (compared to general anesthesia and systemic opioids) has been shown to be ... V. Svircevic, D. Van Dijk, A. P. Nierich et al., "Meta-analysis of thoracic epidural anesthesia versus general anesthesia for ... Use of epidural anesthesia-analgesia may also result in an improvement in cardiac outcomes. A local anesthetic-based regimen ... Use of epidural anesthesia-analgesia in these multidisciplinary pathways has been shown to decrease hospital length of stay and ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aan/2014/948164/

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https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/rt1583

Subdural and epidural hematomas following epidural anesthesia. A literature review].. [Article in German] ... Of 434 cases of epidural, subdural, and intracranial haematomas published in the last 2-3 decades, 61 had developed following ... Compared with the frequency of spinal, epidural, and caudal anaesthetic procedures throughout the world, haematomas of the ... spinal, epidural or caudal anaesthetic procedures; 29 haematomas were around the spinal cord and 32, within the cranium. The ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1616118

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https://americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/epidural/

Spinal and epidural anesthesia are injections of liquid drugs into the area surrounding the spinal cord to cause numbness in an ...

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... Ditza Vilhena,1 Luís ... We report a case in which a patient sustained orthopedic surgery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia complicated by ... S. Gültekin and S. Özcan, "Does hearing loss after spinal anesthesia differ between young and elderly patients?" Anesthesia and ... We report a case in which a patient was submitted to orthopedic surgery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criot/2016/4295601/

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https://www.hss.edu/anesthesiology-combination-spinal-epidural.asp

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Auto-controlled epidural. Hand of a pregnant woman holding the epidural controller. - Stock Image C004/0245 ... Keywords: adult, anesthesia, audit, auto-controlled epidural, bed, close-up, control, delivery, doctor, epidural, female, fetal ... Auto-controlled epidural. Hand of a pregnant woman holding the epidural controller. ... monitoring, hand, health, hospital, human, injection, labor ward, local anesthesia, lying down, maternity hospital, medicine, ...

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https://blausen.com/en/video/epidural-anesthesia/

We offer a range of options for your birth plan, including epidural. ... We offer regional anesthesia, including epidural, spinal or systemic anesthesia. We also offer options such as nitrous oxide or ... Who Performs Regional Anesthesia?. An anesthesiologist performs an epidural and other forms of regional anesthesia. Ask your ... Combined spinal-epidural (CSE). This is a combination of an epidural and a spinal. The spinal will work quickly, but you can ...

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Epidural local anesthetics associated to opioids are often used for cesarean section anesthesia. Their use has increased with ... Fifteen minutes after epidural anesthesia, 62.5% of levobupivacaine group patients experienced Bromage 2 or 3 motor block, ... This study aimed at comparing racemic bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean section.. ... Currently, most common drug for obstetric epidural anesthesia is bupivacaine. An inadvertent intravascular injection reaching ...

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Giving spinal or epidural anesthesia usually takes about 15 minutes.. *Spinal anesthesia-begins working right after the ... Spinal Block; Epidural Block). Definition. These 2 types of anesthesia numb your body from the chest down to the legs. The ... If you received epidural anesthesia, the tube may be left in place to give you more medication. When you no longer need pain ... If you are getting epidural anesthesia, it may be delivered the same way. But, if you need more than one dose, you will have a ...

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Home , Products , Pain Management and Regional Anesthesia , Epidural Anesthesia , Catheters for Epidural Anesthesia ... Because of this, anesthesia providers have come to trust and depend on Perifix® epidural catheters: Perifix FX Springwound, ... Perifix® SoftTip Epidural Anesthesia Catheter - 20 Ga. x 40 in., Closed Tip The classic nylon catheter with a soft atraumatic ... Perifix® ONE / Perifix ONE Pediatric Epidural Anesthesia Catheter The first of a new generation. more ...

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Because many women are not able to urinate immediately following regional anesthesia, a catheter may need to be inserted into the bladder until the spinal or epidural block wears off. (medicinenet.com)
Epidural anesthesia is regional anesthesia that blocks pain in a particular region of the body. (americanpregnancy.org)
We offer regional anesthesia, including epidural, spinal or systemic anesthesia. (nortonhealthcare.com)
What is Regional Anesthesia? (nortonhealthcare.com)
Who Performs Regional Anesthesia? (nortonhealthcare.com)
An anesthesiologist performs an epidural and other forms of regional anesthesia. (nortonhealthcare.com)
Available at: https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/care-centers/anesthesiology/patient-information/regional-anesthesia. (blakemedicalcenter.com)
With an epidural, a tiny tube (called an epidural catheter) is inserted into the lower back to provide regional anesthesia, meaning only part of the body is affected by the medication. (asahq.org)
An epidural is a form of regional anesthesia. (lovetoknow.com)
This is the most common type of regional anesthesia for childbirth. (lovetoknow.com)
Anticoagulation, once considered a relative contraindication to the use of epidural analgesia, has been a focus for the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA), which has published consensus statements concerning regional anesthesia and anticoagulation. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Safety is a priority and regional anesthesia is safer for c-sections. (healthtap.com)
Which is better and safety : general anesthesia or regional anesthesia in c-section for IVF twin? (healthtap.com)
METHODS: Adults warranting elective shoulder surgery under regional anesthesia (Toulouse Un. (medworm.com)
In: Wüst H.J., Stanton-Hicks M.. (eds) New Aspects in Regional Anesthesia 4. (springer.com)
This route induces regional anesthesia without loss of motor control of the hindlimbs. (vetstream.com)
Regional anesthesia has become a routine part of the practice of anesthesiology in infants and children. (ebscohost.com)
Underlying tumors may rarely complicate regional anesthesia in the lumbar spine. (jefferson.edu)
Background: We are introducing a new epidural/spinal simulation unit to be used either as a part-task trainer to teach and learn regional anesthesia techniques or to be inserted in the manikin's back to allow reliable advanced simulation scenarios. (minervamedica.it)
Neuraxial anesthesia in the form of spinal and epidural are two of the most frequent forms of regional anesthesia. (readbyqxmd.com)
Epidural anesthesia is a form of regional anesthesia that numbs you from the waist down. (livestrong.com)
His awards include the Labat Award from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and the President's Volunteer Action Award. (wikipedia.org)
Among them were the Labat Award from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia in 1981 and President Reagan's President's Volunteer Action Award in 1987. (wikipedia.org)

We evaluated the plasma proANP response to hypotensive hypovolemia under the influence of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) in pigs. (dovepress.com)
Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves global and regional left ventricular function during stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coro. (nih.gov)
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of high thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), including the cardiac sympathetic segments, on ischemic ST-segment changes and left ventricular global and regional wall motion abnormalities. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this study is to compare results of general Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) operations under no-intubated thoracic epidural anesthesia (NTEA) versus those of a control group operated under general anesthesia with double-lumen endotracheal intubation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The investigators hypothesize that VATS could be performed under the no-intubated thoracic epidural anesthesia (NTEA) to avoid general anesthesia related risks. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To evaluate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) can reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). (diva-portal.org)
A letter to the editor is presented about a study on the efficacy and safety of thoracic epidural anesthesia after abdominal surgery for acute post-operative pain. (ebscohost.com)
Combination of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia Does Not Always Induce Hypothermia during General Anesthesia. (ebscohost.com)
The article presents a study about the effect of the combination of general anesthesia and thoracic epidural anesthesia, which has been considered to induce hypothermia. (ebscohost.com)
Background: The beneficial effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on survival and physiologic functions during hemorrhagic shock have been shown in animals but have not been supported universally. (nii.ac.jp)
Conclusions: The hemodynamic, metabolic and catecholamine responses to hemorrhagic shock under upper thoracic epidural anesthesia were similar to those under 1 MAC halothane anesthesia. (nii.ac.jp)
Thoracic Anesthesia » Factors affecting the distribution of neural blockade by local anesthetics in epidural anesthesia and a comparison of lumbar versus thoracic epidural anesthesia. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)
Based on the results of recent investigations regarding the distribution of epidural neural blockade, specifically for thoracic epidural anesthesia, we noted that the total mass of LA appears to be the most important factor in determining the extent of sensory, sympathetic, and motor neural blockade, whereas the site of epidural needle/catheter placement governs the pattern of distribution of blockade relative to the injection site. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)

A spinal block requires less medication and is typically given only one time, while, with an epidural block, a catheter may be inserted into the epidural space for repeated delivery of anesthetic medications as necessary. (medicinenet.com)
An anesthetic procedure that involves administering pharmaceutical agents into the epidural space of the spinal canal. (fpnotebook.com)
Epidural and spinal blocks are types of anesthesia in which a local anesthetic is injected near the spinal cord and nerve roots. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Or they may be injected into the epidural space along with the local anesthetic. (healthlinkbc.ca)
An initial dose of narcotic, anesthetic or a combination of the two is injected beneath the outermost membrane covering the spinal cord, and inward of the epidural space. (americanpregnancy.org)
As with any anesthetic, there are risks and benefits to spinals and epidurals. (hss.edu)
The anesthesiologist is placing the epidural : injection of the anesthetic product. (sciencephoto.com)
Once she is in position, the anesthesia provider locates the appropriate section of her spine, cleans the area, and injects a small amount of local anesthetic to numb the skin at the injection site. (blausen.com)
When a woman has an epidural anesthetic during childbirth, she will feel much less pain from her contractions. (alberta.ca)
CSEcure® Spinal Epidural locking needle sets enable the spinal and epidural needle relationship to be stabilized during injection of the spinal anesthetic to prevent movement of the spinal needle. (smiths-medical.com)
The loosely packed epidural fat may facilitate the spread of local anesthetic and help achieve a quicker block onset. (nysora.com)
Since most pediatric patients receive epidural analgesia in conjunction with a general anesthetic, the main purpose of the epidural catheter is to deliver enough local anesthetic solution for effective intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. (nysora.com)
As with epidural anesthesia in adults, local anesthetic concentration and volume are important factors in determining the density and level of blockade. (nysora.com)
4. The use of a dilute concentration of local anesthetic for continuous epidural analgesia should not result in a dense motor block, aiding diagnosis in patients who develop symptoms of an epidural hematoma. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Really, the walking epidurals what I just talked about is the newer technique where we use low concentrations of local anesthetic and combine it with opioid because if we just use low concentrations of local anesthetic by itself, many women would have breakthrough pain and this is the anesthetic that I think all modern day obstetric anesthesiologist should be aiming for, whether or not a women gets up and walks. (reachmd.com)
insertion of a catheter into the cervicothoracic lumbar or caudal epidural space for the repeated injection of local anesthetic solutions as a means of prolonging duration of anesthesia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Guidelines on contraindications to epidural analgesia are well established in anesthetic practice, but there seems to be little evidence or guideline use for epidurals in the ICU. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Their study compared 270 primigravida women who were randomly stratified into 3 groups: continuous infusion of the standard dose of epidural anesthetic, continuous infusion plus a patient-controlled option, and patient-controlled anesthesia alone. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Minimal analgesic concentration of a local anesthetic (MAC-LA) is the median effective concentration of a local anesthetic during the first stage of labor and corresponds to the concentration infused in the epidural space that will induce analgesia in 50% of patients (EC 50 ) 1 . (scielo.br)
The surgical steps include: A) insertion of needle into the T6 epidural space, B) injection of anesthetic, C) anethetic breaking down over time and/or absorbed, D) absorbed anesthetic travels through liver and kidneys and exits the body as urine and E) additional steroid injection. (doereport.com)
In this technique, local anesthetic and pain medications are injected into the epidural space-inside the membranes (dura) covering the spinal cord. (iars.org)
It may be the sole anesthetic or combined with general anesthesia . (drugster.info)
The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Consensus Statement on the Anesthetic Management of Pregnant and Postpartum Women Receiving Thromboprophylaxis or Higher Dose Anticoagulants. (readbyqxmd.com)
The spread of sensory blockade after epidural injection of a specific dose of local anesthetic (LA) differs considerably among individuals, and the factors affecting this distribution remain the subject of debate. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)
The epidural route is used by physicians and nurse anesthetists to administer local anesthetic agents, analgesics, diagnostic medicines such as radiocontrast agents, and other medicines such as glucocorticoids. (wikipedia.org)

wherein discharge of fluid from said barrel through said needle is normally unrestricted thereby to unambiguously signal the penetration of the epidural space by said needle by immediate and easily perceptible plunger movement from said drawn to said normal position under bias of said band as a result of uncontrolled injection of said fluid into the epidural space. (google.com)
such that the holder of the syringe is alerted to penetration of the epidural space by plunger movement toward said normal position as a result of injection of said fluid into the epidural space under bias of said band. (google.com)
Spinal anesthesia numbs the body below and sometimes above the site of the injection. (healthlinkbc.ca)
With the catheter in place, you can request an epidural at any time if the initial intrathecal injection is inadequate. (americanpregnancy.org)
Epidural anesthesia is the injection of a numbing medicine into the space around the spinal nerves in the lower back. (alberta.ca)
If you are getting spinal anesthesia, the doctor will give you one injection. (lahey.org)
Epidural Injection, Does This Hurt? (empowher.com)
Epidural Injection, Who Cannot Receive One? (empowher.com)
Precise placement of epidural needles for single-injection techniques and catheters for continuous epidural anesthesia ensures that the dermatomes involved in the surgical procedure are selectively blocked, allowing for lower doses of local anesthetics to be used and sparing unnecessary blockade in nondesired regions. (nysora.com)
This drug is administered through an injection in the epidural space, which is near the spinal cord. (warlawgroup.com)
I've always viewed the intraoperative epidural injection as part of the general anesthesia. (spineuniverse.com)
Furthermore, "the intraoperative single epidural injection appears to be safe and effective in the postoperative period, decreases the initial management, and has positive effects," explained Dr. Geisler. (spineuniverse.com)
At the current time, there's no specific billing code for epidural intraoperative injection with spinal surgery, and this is a significant barrier. (spineuniverse.com)
Epidural analgesia can be administered by three methods: single-injection and intermittent boluses, continuous infusion via an indwelling catheter or patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Single-injection or intermittent epidural bolus requires the use of longer-acting opioids (e.g. preservative-free morphine) to achieve a realistic duration of analgesia. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Single-injection method or intermittent bolus of opioids results in a delay in the response to the patient's complaints of continued pain because the anesthesia provider must be notified and respond to the request for pain management. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Continuous epidural infusion offers the distinct advantage of providing steady-state analgesia when compared with single-injection administration or intermittent boluses, especially when short-acting opioids are used for infusion. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
All groups received an initial injection of 2 mg bupivicaine/20 μg fentanyl, followed by a maintenance epidural infusion of 0.1% bupivicaine/2 μg/mL of fentanyl. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
The study observed 24 patients undergoing gynecologic surgery, who randomly received epidural injection of ropivacaine and. (ebscohost.com)
This stock medical exhibit depicts a thoracic epidural steroid injection with subsequent breakdown of epidural anesthesia in a series of five illustrations. (doereport.com)
After initial epidural or intrathecal injection, both groups received patient-controlled epidural analgesia. (iars.org)
Another form of an epidural is an injection used to treat back ailments. (livestrong.com)
Your physician or the hospital you are receiving your epidural injection at will provide you with specific instructions on how to prepare for your epidural injection. (livestrong.com)
Normal eating habits can be resumed immediately following an epidural injection. (livestrong.com)
An epidural injection may also be used to administer steroids for the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
An epidural injection may be administered at any point of the spine, but most commonly the lumbar spine, below the end of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)

An anesthesiologist typically administers this type of anesthesia. (medicinenet.com)
The most common type of anesthesia used during planned C-sections. (nortonhealthcare.com)
General double-lumen endotracheal intubated anesthesia with one-lung ventilation, has been accepted mandatory for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) although several adverse effects can derive from this type of anesthesia like intubation-related throat injury, ventilator-induced lung injury, arrhythmia and so on. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This type of anesthesia does allow for more movement - usually with some assistance -- during the birth process. (lovetoknow.com)
Importantly, this type of anesthesia should be performed only by experienced anesthesiologists in institutions where appropriate equipment, staff, and monitoring are available. (urotoday.com)

We will review our group's work on perioperative epidural anesthesia-analgesia on patient outcomes which includes mortality, major morbidity, and patient centered outcomes but not technical failures or complications. (hindawi.com)
Compared with the frequency of spinal, epidural, and caudal anaesthetic procedures throughout the world, haematomas of the lumbothoracic or cranial region are extremely rare complications. (nih.gov)
As with any procedure, there are potential complications that should be discussed with the anesthesia provider prior to this procedure. (blausen.com)
Women seeking pain relief during childbirth should be comforted to know that epidural and spinal anesthesia are extremely safe, suggests a study of more than 80,000 women that reviewed anesthesia complications during obstetrical care. (asahq.org)
The rates of complications are extremely low for obstetrical patients receiving anesthesia care, but there is always room for improvement," said Samir R. Jani, M.D., M.P.H., anesthesiology resident, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston. (asahq.org)
Our goal is to prevent complications from occurring and make anesthesia even safer. (asahq.org)
If you or someone you love experienced complications during labor related to anesthesia, get in touch with an Atlanta epidural injury lawyer. (warlawgroup.com)
Epidural blockade can reduce such complications ( 2 ). (acpjc.org)
Since ERAS was introduced, the advantages of epidural anesthesia vanished while the incidence of serious neurological complications is higher than previously thought. (minervamedica.it)
Patients undergoing TJA under epidural anesthesia demonstrate no increased risk of postoperative urological complications without the placement of preoperative indwelling urinary catheter. (coxa.fi)
Severe complications from epidural administration are rare, but can include problems resulting from improper administration, as well as side effects of the medicines administered. (wikipedia.org)
The most common complications of epidural injections include bleeding problems, headaches, and inadequate pain control. (wikipedia.org)
Complications of epidural analgesia are rare, but may include headaches, dizziness, difficulty breathing and seizures for the mother. (wikipedia.org)

The approach to the epidural space can be at the caudal, lumbar, or thoracic level. (nysora.com)
The caudal epidural space can be accessed easily in infants and children through the sacral hiatus. (nysora.com)
It may also allow the unimpeded advancement of epidural catheters from the caudal epidural space to the lumbar and thoracic levels. (nysora.com)
Schwartz DA, Patel D, Connelly NR. Caudally threaded epidural catheter following a single-shot caudal block in a high-risk neonate: a combined caudal-epidural technique. (umassmed.edu)
See Caudal anesthesia. (drugster.info)
Also called caudal epidural anesthesia or a caudal block. (drugster.info)
With the help of colleague Waldo B. Edwards, he also developed the continuous caudal anesthesia epidural administration to alleviate the pain of childbirth. (wikipedia.org)

Women often have an epidural during childbirth . (medlineplus.gov)
Epidural anesthesia is often used in childbirth. (healthlinkbc.ca)
To help alleviate the discomfort of childbirth, many women will elect to have a procedure called an epidural to numb the lower body. (blausen.com)
Epidural anesthesia may be used for certain types of surgery on the lower body or to control pain during childbirth. (alberta.ca)
Many women decide they want an epidural during childbirth. (lovetoknow.com)
When you think of the word epidural, you likely think of childbirth. (livestrong.com)
If you are having an epidural for childbirth, eating largely depends on the rules of the hospital. (livestrong.com)
For this reason, epidurals are commonly used for pain control during childbirth and surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Epidural analgesia during childbirth may also impact the mother's ability to move during labor. (wikipedia.org)
Epidural injections are commonly used to provide pain relief (analgesia) during childbirth. (wikipedia.org)

Both group received general anesthesia maintaining with 1-2% end tidal sevoflurane together with TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration, 2-3µg/ml), continuous infusion of remifentanil (0.10 - 0.20 μg/kg/min) and cis-atracurium intermittently as needed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Continuous epidural infusion anesthesia and analgesia in gynecologic oncology patients: less pain, more gain? (umassmed.edu)
In our department continuous epidural anesthesia (CEA) is a frequently used technique of pain management following major reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract. (urotoday.com)
Efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled and continuous infusion epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids: a meta-analysis. (spineuniverse.com)
Those women who controlled their anesthesia "were basically as comfortable as woman on a continuous dose, and there was a 30% reduction in the amount of anesthesia used," says lead author Michael Haydon, MD. The study also indicated a trend toward fewer instrument-assisted deliveries in the patient-controlled anesthesia group. (contemporaryobgyn.net)

Epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia may improve cardiac function and reduce the work of the heart by decreasing the rate pressure product. (ovid.com)
Therefore, we investigated epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia in a swine model with a tight coronary artery stenosis. (ovid.com)
In high-risk patients having major abdominal surgery, is intraoperative epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia effective? (acpjc.org)

An epidural block takes about 10 to 20 minutes to work, and because a catheter is inserted into the epidural space, the effects can last as long as needed due to the ability to inject more medication. (medicinenet.com)
Then, a small plastic tube (catheter) is inserted into the epidural space and all needles are removed. (hss.edu)

Understanding the different types of epidurals, how they are administered, and their benefits and risks will help you in your decision-making during the course of labor and delivery. (americanpregnancy.org)
What are the types of epidurals? (americanpregnancy.org)
There are different types of epidurals that we can use to remedy that. (reachmd.com)
There are two main types of epidurals used to provide numbing and pain relief to women during labor and delivery. (warlawgroup.com)
Mothers should talk to an attorney about how the different types of epidurals could impact a claim. (warlawgroup.com)

Their use has increased with the development of epidural catheters for obstetric analgesia, which help the conversion to anesthesia when needed 1 . (scielo.br)
Currently, most common drug for obstetric epidural anesthesia is bupivacaine. (scielo.br)
A recent meta-analysis of 4 studies post-1990 which involved more than 1 million obstetric patients found an incidence of 1 in 168,000, but with only 6 epidural hematomas the accuracy of this estimate cannot be relied upon. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Other surveys have found no cases in more than 700,000 obstetric epidural procedures. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The vast majority of obstetric patients tracked in NACOR (88 percent) received either epidural or spinal anesthesia, or a combination of both. (asahq.org)
2016). The 2017 American Association of Nurse Anesthetists' (AANA) Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Obstetric Patient: Practice Guidelines state that ultrasound is a useful adjunct in patients with difficult-to-palpate anatomic landmarks, poor back flexion, and other conditions (AANA Board of Directors 2017). (ecri.org)
However, the expanded use of thromboprophylaxis in obstetrics will have a major impact on the use and timing of neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia for women undergoing vaginal or cesarean delivery and other obstetric surgeries. (readbyqxmd.com)

Castenfors J, Lindblad LE, Mortasawi A (1975) Effects of dihydroergotamine on peripheral circulation during epidural anaesthesia in man. (springer.com)
Zimpfer M, Schwarz M, Stanek B, Raberger G (1981) Cardiovascular effects of dihydroergotamine during epidural anaesthesia in dogs. (springer.com)
Thoracic epidural anaesthesia and analgesia. (ebscohost.com)
Thoracic epidural anaesthesia followed by postoperative epidural analgesia is increasingly being used for abdominal, major vascular and cardiothoracic surgery. (ebscohost.com)
Although spinal and epidural blocks provide excellent anaesthesia for many operations, they are frequently accompanied by hypotension. (scribd.com)
Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. (acpjc.org)
The operation was performed with the patient awake under epidural anaesthesia. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)
A epidural anaesthesia steroid procedure adopts a epidural room, instantly over the compacted neural origin. (global-medicalsearch.com)
Just what do you choose to do to make for ones epidural anaesthesia steroid hormone treatment? (global-medicalsearch.com)
Epidural anaesthesia causes a loss of sensation, including pain, by blocking the transmission of signals through nerve fibres in or near the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)

abstract = "Background: Although epidural anesthesia (EA) can significantly disrupt the function of the respiratory system, data concerning its effects on respiratory muscle activity and the resulting motion of the chest wall are scarce. (elsevier.com)
abstract = "Headache resulting from dural puncture in epidural and spinal anesthesia is usually secondary to a CSF leak. (elsevier.com)

Intravenous (IV) fluids will be started before active labor begins and prior to the procedure of placing the epidural. (americanpregnancy.org)
In this procedure, your anesthesiologist will use the same small needle to enter the fluid surrounding the spinal cord but will not leave a catheter in the epidural space. (hss.edu)
Epidural hematoma is a rare but potentially catastrophic condition that may be associated with a neuraxial procedure. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The epidural anesthesia can be administered at the end of the surgical procedure prior to wound closure. (spineuniverse.com)
Background: Laparoscopy is one of the most common surgical procedures and is the procedure of choice for most of the elective abdominal surgeries performed preferably under endotracheal general anesthesia. (ebscohost.com)
Methods: Experienced anesthetists performed an epidural followed by a lumbar puncture procedure on the simulator model. (minervamedica.it)
Almost all the examiners appreciated that this device contained layers representing the anatomical boundaries of each compartment, and the module can be added blood or sponge to the epidural compartment or water to the spinal compartment to challenge the trainee with more difficult procedure such as inadvertent dural or vascular puncture or difficult catheter insertion. (minervamedica.it)
CONCLUSION: Over a 20-year period epidural analgesia or anesthesia has been an effective and safe procedure when performed and supervised by obstetricians-gynecologists in a community hospital. (afar.info)

For patients undergoing subarachnoid anesthesia, the loss of cerebral spinal fluid and hence the drop in intracranial pressure can result in hearing loss and cranial nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)

In our initial analysis [ 6 ], we examined several surgical procedures (based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes) and divided patients into 2 groups, depending on the presence or absence of postoperative epidural analgesia. (hindawi.com)
Subsequent analyses of the Medicare claims data also revealed that the presence of postoperative epidural analgesia may be associated with lower perioperative mortality in patients undergoing higher-risk surgical procedures (e.g., lung lobectomy, colectomy) [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, our analyses of Medicare patients undergoing lower-risk procedures (e.g., total hip and total knee replacement) showed that the use of postoperative epidural analgesia was not associated with a lower incidence of mortality and major morbidity [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Why do they (anesthesioligists) always order it for break-thru pain on epidural patients? (allnurses.com)
it is fine for epidural patients if the epidural is just a type of local (marcaine. (allnurses.com)
Patients often have no recollection of undergoing a spinal or epidural. (hss.edu)
Fifteen minutes after epidural anesthesia, 62.5% of levobupivacaine group patients experienced Bromage 2 or 3 motor block, whereas the same event was documented in 72.7% of bupivacaine group patients (p = 0.83). (scielo.br)
Levobupivacaine and bupivacaine were equally effective for epidural block in patients undergoing cesarean section. (scielo.br)
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on intraoperative clinical outcome, postoperative recovery, metabolic changes, and immune functions of the patients receiving open liver resection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The hypercoagulable state of the pregnant woman together with the rapid dispersal of blood out of the epidural space may protect against hematoma, despite engorgement and fragility of the epidural vessels in these patients. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The study analyzed data on 474,662 women who received anesthesia during labor, although adverse events (whether or not they occurred) were tracked in only a portion of patients. (asahq.org)
The remaining 12 percent of patients received either general anesthesia or sedation. (asahq.org)
The influence of a bupivacaine and fentanyl epidural infusion after epidural fentanyl in patients allowed to ambulate in early labor. (umassmed.edu)
So, to begin with, I think epidural anesthesia seems like a gift to patients in labor. (reachmd.com)
Without epidural medication, some patients in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) report postoperative pain as 6, 7, 8, 9 or even 10, where 10 is the worse pain imaginable. (spineuniverse.com)
Surgical patients who received the epidural reported their postoperative pain score as zero, and in some cases higher. (spineuniverse.com)
Patients are selected based on an assessment inclusive of the overall patient status, risks, benefits, indications and contraindications of epidural analgesia. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
For extreme nervous patients undergoing a c section, is general anesthesia better or taking a light sedative? (healthtap.com)
General anesthesia is rarely done, mostly for emergencies , for failed regionals or debilitated patients, who can not cooperate. (healthtap.com)
This study compares the postoperative pain and opioid use in patients managed for surgery with general anesthesia (GA) with patients who were given combined epidural and general anesthesia (E/GA) with continuing postoperative epidural analgesia. (medworm.com)
Discusses research being done on the effectiveness of intraoperative epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia in patients having major abdominal surgery. (ebscohost.com)
Bispectral index during epidural puncture predicts anterograde amnesia in patients given midazolam premedication. (ebscohost.com)
We hypothesized anterograde amnesia could be predicted by the bispectral index (BIS) during epidural puncture in patients premedicated with intramuscular midazolam. (ebscohost.com)
We investigated 64 consecutive patients undergoing gynecological laparotomy under general anesthesia combined with epidural. (ebscohost.com)
We tried to extend these previous observations to epidural anesthesia by testing the hypothesis that leg wrapping with elastic bandages should decrease the incidence of hypotension in patients receiving epidural anesthesia. (ovid.com)
420 patients undergoing elective CABG surgery Standard GA with 72hrs narcotic analgesia v standard GA with 96hrs TEA Elective CABG pts with normal preoperative coagulation status Epidurals inserted at T2/3 or T3/4 in OR immediately preoperatively operation postponed if "bloody tap" obtained Bilateral T1-T10 block instituted with Bupivacaine 0.5% and maintained with Bupivacaine / Clonidine infusion perioperatively +/- additional Bupivacaine top-ups postop. (bestbets.org)
464 patients were allocated to intraoperative epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia for 72 hours with general anesthesia (site of epidural selected to provide optimum block), and 456 were allocated to general anesthesia only. (acpjc.org)
Respiratory failure (1 of the 8 major morbidities) occurred less frequently in patients managed with epidural techniques (Table). (acpjc.org)
Patients in the epidural group had a 7% absolute risk reduction for respiratory failure, a clinically significant result. (acpjc.org)
only 225 patients in the epidural group were fully compliant with the protocol. (acpjc.org)
A recent meta-analysis required 3617 orthopedic patients to show reduced mortality with neuraxial anesthesia ( 4 ). (acpjc.org)
Of the 693 patients, 508 (73.3%) had no ELA and received SA, 128 patients (18.5%) received SA following epidural anesthesia for labor, 19 (2.7%) underwent conversion of ELA to ESA, and 38 (5.5%) received general anesthesia. (eur.nl)
is general anesthesia during gallbladder surgery safe for copd patients? (healthtap.com)
The authors conclude that epidural anesthesia in abdominal surgery has become less preferred and is limited to patients and types of surgery known to be accompanied with difficult pain management. (minervamedica.it)
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether bolus administration of these drugs decrease SVR just after intravenous administration in combined epidural and general anesthesia patients. (go.jp)
Three hundred thirty-five consecutive patients who underwent primary TJA using epidural anesthesia were retrospectively reviewed. (coxa.fi)
Patients accepting general anesthesia comprised the control group, and those accepting general anesthesia combined with epidural analgesia comprised the test group. (alliedacademies.org)
The application of general anesthesia combined with epidural analgesia to patients who will undergo laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma leads to improved therapeutic effect and facilitates their recovery. (alliedacademies.org)
5% of patients required additional anesthesia. (afar.info)
The 3 patients with pneumocephalus had the defining characteristic of thunderclap headache during anesthesia. (neurology.org)
To achieve optimal outcomes in anesthesia patients, it is important to consider multiple options for pain control, especially when traditional options pose a problem or are not options. (readbyqxmd.com)
According to the Hospital for Special Surgery, patients with lumbar disc herniations, spinal stenosis and degenerative disc disease may receive epidural injections. (livestrong.com)

Epidural bupivacaine added to general anesthesia resulted in moderate hypotension. (ovid.com)
Relative cardiovascular stability has been found to be one of the major advantages of epidural anesthesia and, depending on the nature of the case, a moderate degree of hypotension may be tolerated before a correction becomes necessary. (springer.com)
Studies have demonstrated that leg wrapping with elastic bandages may reduce the incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia. (ovid.com)
We conclude that although leg wrapping with elastic bandages prevents maternal hypotension after epidural anesthesia, it does not reduce the incidence or magnitude of hypothermia or prevent shivering. (ovid.com)
Hypotension commonly accompanies combined epidural and general anesthesia, and intravenous bolus ephedrine and etilefrine are widely used to correct hypotension. (go.jp)

After the catheter is in place, a combination of narcotic and anesthesia is administered either by a pump or by periodic injections into the epidural space. (americanpregnancy.org)
Epidural Injections, Are There Negative Side Effects? (empowher.com)
Epidural And Intrathecal Injections, What Is The Difference? (empowher.com)
Preoperative injections of local anesthesia into the skin area prior to incision and administration of a long-acting oral opioid are options. (spineuniverse.com)
Epidural injections are used to deliver steroid medication to the nerves of your spinal cord. (livestrong.com)
Epidural injections are administered on an outpatient basis. (livestrong.com)

Results: Experienced anesthetists found the simulator to be life-like for almost all the aspects of epidural or spinal insertion and that the overall impression was that the simulator could provide a useful tool for training of epidural and spinal techniques. (minervamedica.it)

A relatively uncommon complication is a headache which begins after the anesthesia wears off. (medicinenet.com)
Permanent paraplegia was described as a rare complication of thoracotomy in adults, and very rarely after epidural analgesia in adults and babies. (biomedsearch.com)
Severe neurologic complication after epidural anesthesia is very rare. (koreamed.org)
RESULTS: Over the 20-year period epidural anesthesia was administered without serious complication by various obstetricians with different training. (afar.info)

What are the risks of epidural anesthesia? (drugs.com)
Spinal and epidural anesthesia have fewer side effects and risks than general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free). (stlukes-stl.com)
See my 2001 paper on maximizing the benefits and reducing the risks of epidural anesthesia . (kimjames.net)
These statements present the safety, efficacy, and risks of neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia based on the timing of needle insertion and catheter removal in relation to the time anticoagulants are administered. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Epidural anesthesia is "safer" as the patient is awake even though this modality carries some risks as well. (healthtap.com)
Epidural anesthesia, a pain relief used during labor, causes many risks to vaginal labor yet, most, if not all, doctors will administer it if requested. (depaul.edu)
Many data bases were searched with the keywords epidural anesthesia, risks, and cesarean procedures. (depaul.edu)

A thoracic epidural catheter (T8-10) was placed in group E. A bolus of 8ml 1% lidocaine with 0.375% ropivacaine was administered 15min before skin incision, followed by 5-8 ml/hr infusion during surgery in group E. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Participants undergoing spine surgery will be randomized into one of three groups;General 1) Anesthesia and postoperative Patient Controlled Analgesia and placebo IV infusion,2) General Anesthesia plus perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion and post operative patient controlled analgesia or 3) General Anesthesia plus postoperative epidural analgesia plus placebo IV infusion. (centerwatch.com)
Postoperatively, a 20 ml epidural bupivacaine bolus followed by 0.15 ml.kg -1 .h -1 infusion were administered at the appropriate concentration. (scielo.br)
Successful epidural anesthesia can be achieved with a slow-onset epidural block after moderate fluid infusion. (semanticscholar.org)

RESULTS: Twelve of 45 women (27%) who had epidural anesthesia developed stress incontinence de novo after vaginal delivery, versus 21 of 163 (13%) who did not receive epidural anesthesia, a marginally significant difference (P = .05). (biomedsearch.com)

Available at: https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/care-centers/anesthesiology/patient-information/epidural-analgesia. (blakemedicalcenter.com)
Data on anesthesia adverse events collected through the Anesthesia Quality Institute's (AQI) National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR) are being presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY™ 2014 annual meeting. (asahq.org)

The ultrasound-guided epidural anesthesia was performed in the L1-L2 space, followed by an intravenous administration of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) for sedation and analgesia. (dovepress.com)
Dr. Geisler stated, referring to a paper by Wu et al, 1 "All forms of epidural analgesia provided significantly superior postoperative analgesia compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. (spineuniverse.com)
Several randomized studies support the use of epidurals in the postsurgical thoracic and abdominal patient when compared to intravenous opiates. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Epidural analgesia is considered a safer and more effective method of relieving pain in labor as compared to intravenous or oral analgesia. (wikipedia.org)

Reliable product performance has been the hallmark of B. Braun epidural catheters for more than 25 years. (bbraunusa.com)
Because of this, anesthesia providers have come to trust and depend on Perifix® epidural catheters: Perifix FX Springwound, Perifix ONE, Perifix SoftTip and Perifix. (bbraunusa.com)
The routine use of preoperative catheters can be reconsidered for this mode of anesthesia. (coxa.fi)

Epidural medications fall into a class of drugs called local anesthetics, such as bupivacaine , chloroprocaine , or lidocaine . (americanpregnancy.org)
This study aimed at comparing racemic bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean section. (scielo.br)
Twenty pigs randomized to administration of saline (placebo) or bupivacaine with morphine (TEA) in the epidural space at Th8-Th10. (dovepress.com)
Connelly NR, Freiman JP, Lucas T, Parker RK, Raghunathan K, Gibson C, Katz B, Iwashita C. Addition of epinephrine to epidural bupivacaine infusions following initiation of labor analgesia with epidural fentanyl. (umassmed.edu)
To accomplish an extensive sympathetic block, we injected enough bupivacaine 0.5% into the lumbar epidural space to reach at least the level of the first thoracic vertebra (T1). (ovid.com)
Anesthesia was obtained with lumbar spinal hyperbaric bupivacaine. (scielo.br)
Hemodynamic effects of epinephrine associated to an epidural clonidine-bupivacaine mixture during combined lumbar epidural and general anesthesia. (ac.be)
Reference : Hemodynamic effects of epinephrine associated to an epidural clonidine-bupivacaine mi. (ac.be)
Epidural anesthesia was obtained by administration of 150 micrograms clonidine in 15 ml bupivacaine 0.25% solution without (group C) or with (group C + E) 37.5 micrograms epinephrine. (ac.be)

Smiths Medical (Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia) trays include all necessary prep and procedural components. (smiths-medical.com)
There are two main types: epidural blocks and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA). (lovetoknow.com)
A combined spinal-epidural is sometimes called a 'walking' epidural. (lovetoknow.com)
You have tied your anesthesiologist's hands by declining spinal/ epidural . (healthtap.com)
Combined spinal epidural anesthesia for laparoscopic appendectomy in adults: A case series. (ebscohost.com)
Newswise - San Francisco, CA. (February 27, 2013) - During the first stage of labor, a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique offers faster and better-quality analgesia (pain relief) compared to traditional epidural analgesia, according to a report in the March issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia , official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS). (iars.org)
In those cases, a combined spinal-epidural may be placed to hasten the pain relief. (babymed.com)
We included all relevant case-reports and observational studies in which authors described septic meningitis in association with spinal, epidural or combined neuraxial anesthesia using local anesthetics. (readbyqxmd.com)

An attachment for a loss of resistance syringe of the type used for inserting a epidural needle into the epidural space of a patient for administration of anesthesia includes an elastomeric band attached between diametrically opposed points of a ring dimensioned to slide onto the barrel and be retained. (google.com)
After that, a small tube or catheter is threaded through the needle into the epidural space. (americanpregnancy.org)
Next, a thin catheter is threaded through the needle into the epidural space. (blausen.com)
The anesthesiologist then moves the needle into the epidural space and replaces the needle with a catheter which is then taped in place. (lovetoknow.com)

Other measures (e.g., β-blockade) may have more effect on outcome than epidural blockade. (acpjc.org)
In particular, there are parturient clients for whom the use of neuraxial anesthesia (epidural and spinal blockade) is not an option. (readbyqxmd.com)
Age may be positively correlated with the spread of sensory blockade, and the evidence is somewhat stronger for thoracic than for lumbar epidural anesthesia. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)
Thoracic Anesthesia » Awake palliative thoracic surgery in a high-risk patient: one-lung, non-invasive ventilation combined with epidural blockade. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)

Dr. Reitzel describes the sensations a woman will feel when she is given epidural anesthesia and explains how the amount of medicine administered is determined. (empowher.com)

Lumbar epidural anesthesia is used for alleviating the pain of labor and for surgery. (ubc.ca)

Epidural local anesthetics associated to opioids are often used for cesarean section anesthesia. (scielo.br)
Traditionally, back in the old days and we are talking about 30 years ago, as you said in the 1970s, we did epidurals with local anesthetics. (reachmd.com)
en] Clonidine or epinephrine are frequently combined to epidural local anesthetics to strengthen sensory block and prolong analgesia. (ac.be)

The use of perioperative epidural anesthesia-analgesia may confer many benefits including superior postoperative analgesia, decreased morbidity, and improvement in patient-centered outcomes. (hindawi.com)
Epidural ropivacaine versus ropivacaine plus tramadol in postoperative analgesia in children undergoing major abdominal surgery: a comparison. (ebscohost.com)

The anesthesiologist will pull the needle back into the epidural space, thread a catheter through the needle, then withdraw the needle and leave the catheter in place. (americanpregnancy.org)
Your anesthesiologist will insert a needle through the ligaments of your back into the epidural space. (hss.edu)

Placement is done by inserting a catheter in the epidural space between vertebrae in the lower back. (lovetoknow.com)

Effective postoperative pain relief from epidural analgesia has numerous benefits including earlier ambulation, facilitating weaning from ventilators, reducing time spent in a catabolic state, and lowering circulating stress hormone levels. (nysora.com)
We found that certain women who experience good pain relief from epidural analgesia are less likely to exhibit depressive symptoms in the postpartum period," lead researcher Grace Lim, M.D., said in a release for the findings , which were presented at the American Society of Anesthesiologists 2016 meeting. (fitpregnancy.com)

Paraplegia after thoracotomy under combined general and epidural anesthesia in a child. (biomedsearch.com)
A 9-year-old boy underwent a thoracotomy for excision of his right third rib under combined general and epidural anesthesia for a Ewings sarcoma. (biomedsearch.com)
The use of combined general and epidural anesthesia has developed concurrently with improvements in preoperative assessment and perioperative management. (acpjc.org)

Needle inserted into epidural space between L3 and L4 vertebrae. (smartdraw.com)
This is called the epidural space. (medlineplus.gov)
Epidural anesthesia involves the insertion of a hollow needle and a small, flexible catheter into the space between the spinal column and outer membrane of the spinal cord (epidural space) in the middle or lower back. (healthlinkbc.ca)
After administration of lactated Ringer's solution (500 mL), an 18-gauge (G) epidural needle was inserted and loss of resistance technique was used to identify the epidural space followed by insertion of the 27 G pencil point spinal needle. (hindawi.com)
Once in the space, he/she will place a smaller needle through the epidural needle into the fluid which normally surrounds the spinal cord. (hss.edu)
US imaging can be used to evaluate the neuraxial anat-omy and the approach to the epidural space. (nysora.com)
The device uses proprietary software to automatically identify spinal anatomy, including the depth to the epidural space, which enhances the performance of these procedures. (ecri.org)
The Accuro uses proprietary software to automate spinal landmark detection and depth measurements and to assess scan plane orientation in 3-D. Preliminary reports suggest that the Accuro allows accurate identification of spinal anatomy, compares favorably to the manual landmark and 2-D ultrasound methods when used to determine the depth to the epidural space, and is easier to learn and effectively use than conventional 2-D ultrasound (Tiouririne et al. (ecri.org)
You may get a spinal headache if the epidural needle punctures the dura space. (lovetoknow.com)
If this persists, your doctor may have to inject a little blood (a blood patch) into the epidural space. (lovetoknow.com)
Placement of the epidural catheter requires technical skill on the part of the critical care provider, but nurses need to demonstrate a knowledge base regarding the anatomy of the epidural space, the surrounding structures, epidural catheter care, and patient care before and after catheter insertion. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The epidural space is a potential space occupied by fatty tissue, blood vessels and lymphatics. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The posterolateral portion of the epidural space lies between the dura mater of the spinal cord and ligamentum flavum and laminae. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
The epidural space is an anatomical space just outside the fluid filled sac that contains the spinal cord and brain. (healthtap.com)
Requires degree of competence/experience for correct placement of needle in epidural space. (vetstream.com)
Here, a catheter is threaded through a Tuohy needle that is traditionally inserted using the loss-of-resistance technique to confirm entry into the epidural space. (ubc.ca)
A epidural anesthesia space is at previously mentioned the external level adjoining the particular back along with nerve origins. (global-medicalsearch.com)
Epidural administration (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "on, upon" + dura mater) is a method of medication administration in which a medicine is injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Epidural administration involves the placement of a catheter into the epidural space, which may remain in place for the duration of the treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Insertion of an epidural catheter consists of threading a needle between bones and ligaments to reach the epidural space without going so far as to puncture the dura mater. (wikipedia.org)
Saline or air may be used to confirm placement in the epidural space. (wikipedia.org)

We experinced a case of cauda equina syndrome following epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine 20 ml, alkalinized with sodium bicarbonate and 1: 200,000 epinephrine added in female patient underwent abdominal hysterectomy. (koreamed.org)
Results: A 27 year old female underwent epidural anesthesia for Cesarean section delivery. (jefferson.edu)

Levobupivacaína versus bupivacaína en anestesia peridural para cesáreas. (scielo.br)
For this reason, the investigators will undertaken a randomized trial comparing results of general VATS operations under NTEA versus those of a control group operated under general anesthesia with double-lumen endotracheal intubation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
And you were talking briefly about the possibility of walking and you know, there is quite a lot of lay press taking about walking epidurals versus traditional epidurals. (reachmd.com)
During the first stage of labor, the typical pain score was 1.4 for women receiving CSE versus 1.9 for those receiving standard epidural analgesia. (iars.org)
The new study is the first to directly compare epidural versus CSE for labor analgesia in a busy private maternity hospital. (iars.org)

An epidural block can be used for a Cesarean delivery. (medicinenet.com)
We report here a case of ultrasound-guided epidural anesthesia in combination with low-dose ketamine during cesarean delivery on a parturient with severe malformations of the skeletal system and airway problems. (dovepress.com)
Purpose: Failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia (ELA) to epidural surgical anesthesia (ESA) for intrapartum Cesarean delivery (CD) has been observed in clinical practice. (eur.nl)
This observational study aims to objectively quantify ambulation after neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia for cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery, respectively, by using activity tracker technology. (readbyqxmd.com)

There is no overall difference in outcomes based on the time the epidural is administered to the mother, specifically no change in the rate of caesarean section, birth which must be assisted by instruments, and duration of labor. (wikipedia.org)

Typically, spinal and epidural anesthesia are performed by using anatomic landmarks and palpation to determine the appropriate location and to guide insertion of the anesthesia needle. (ecri.org)
Some of the most common epidural injuries are related to medication allergies, incorrect dosage , and improper insertion. (warlawgroup.com)
This allows the anesthesiologist to guide the insertion of the epidural needle as an "aim-and-insert" method. (ubc.ca)
Based on these results, we have also formulated suggested epidural insertion sites that may optimize both analgesia and sympathicolysis for various surgical indications. (thoracic-anesthesia.com)

When epidural analgesia is being considered, appropriate patient selection is important. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

100 mmHg at 30 min after the induction of general anesthesia. (go.jp)

She also suffered from urinary retension and defecation difficulty and abdominal discomfort 2 days after epidural block. (koreamed.org)
Epidural analgesia has been shown to improve early return of ambulation, deep breathing, bowel function and coughing after abdominal surgery. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Indications for epidural anesthesia (EA) in the ICU include blunt trauma with or without rib fractures, thoracic, abdominal, orthopedic and vascular surgery, as well as nonsurgical problems such as intractable angina pectoris and acute pancreatitis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Efficacy and safety of thoracic epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery for acute post-operative pain. (ebscohost.com)
Sublingual temperature was observed at five periods: baseline, immediately after epidural anesthesia, abdominal skin disinfection, skin incision, and delivery. (ovid.com)
Epidural anesthesia is no longer the standard of care in abdominal surgery with ERAS. (minervamedica.it)

With an epidural block, the medicine is injected into the sac that surrounds the spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment97

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care27

Spinal epidural abscess associated with epidural catheterization: report of a case and a review of the literature. (1/613)

Comparison of three solutions of ropivacaine/fentanyl for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia. (2/613)

Ballistic shock wave lithotripsy in an 18-year-old thoroughbred gelding. (3/613)

Assessing introduction of spinal anaesthesia for obstetric procedures. (4/613)

Quantitative and selective assessment of sensory block during lumbar epidural anaesthesia with 1% or 2% lidocaine. (5/613)

Epidural catheter tip position and distribution of injectate evaluated by computed tomography. (6/613)

Anaesthetic management of a woman who became paraplegic at 22 weeks' gestation after a spontaneous spinal cord haemorrhage secondary to a presumed arteriovenous malformation. (7/613)

Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean section in severely preeclamptic patients: a retrospective survey. (8/613)

Anesthesia, General

Anesthesia

Anesthesia, Local

Anesthesia, Epidural

Anesthesia, Spinal

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Anesthesia, Conduction

Anesthesia, Intravenous

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Anesthesia Recovery Period

Anesthesia, Dental

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Propofol

Isoflurane

Methyl Ethers

Anesthesiology

Anesthetics, Local

Anesthetics, Combined

Monitoring, Intraoperative

Anesthetics

Nitrous Oxide

Halothane

Lidocaine

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit

Fentanyl

Anesthetics, General

Bupivacaine

Preanesthetic Medication

Ketamine

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Nerve Block

Thiopental

Anesthesia, Caudal

Pentobarbital

Anesthetics, Dissociative

Enflurane

Xylazine

Intubation, Intratracheal

Anesthesia Department, Hospital

Conscious Sedation

Anesthesia, Intratracheal

Intraoperative Complications

Pain, Postoperative

Intraoperative Period

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Cesarean Section

Prilocaine

Methohexital

Electroencephalography

Mepivacaine

Consciousness

Alfentanil

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Surgical Procedures, Minor

Xenon

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents

Ethers

Midazolam

Prospective Studies

Hemodynamics

Ether

Surgical Procedures, Operative

Chloralose

Double-Blind Method

Postoperative Complications

Heart Rate

Analgesics, Opioid

Sufentanil

Consciousness Monitors

Laryngeal Masks

Medetomidine

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Time Factors

Carticaine

Intraoperative Awareness

Blood Pressure

Pain Measurement