Anesthesia conduction. Medical search

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.

A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

Transmission of sound waves through vibration of bones in the SKULL to the inner ear (COCHLEA). By using bone conduction stimulation and by bypassing any OUTER EAR or MIDDLE EAR abnormalities, hearing thresholds of the cochlea can be determined. Bone conduction hearing differs from normal hearing which is based on air conduction stimulation via the EAR CANAL and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.

Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.

Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

The period of time following the triggering of an ACTION POTENTIAL when the CELL MEMBRANE has changed to an unexcitable state and is gradually restored to the resting (excitable) state. During the absolute refractory period no other stimulus can trigger a response. This is followed by the relative refractory period during which the cell gradually becomes more excitable and the stronger impulse that is required to illicit a response gradually lessens to that required during the resting state.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)

Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.

An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Diagnosis of disease states by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of tissues or organs or by the response to stimulation of electrically excitable tissue.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

A type of fluent aphasia characterized by an impaired ability to repeat one and two word phrases, despite retained comprehension. This condition is associated with dominant hemisphere lesions involving the arcuate fasciculus (a white matter projection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas) and adjacent structures. Like patients with Wernicke aphasia (APHASIA, WERNICKE), patients with conduction aphasia are fluent but commit paraphasic errors during attempts at written and oral forms of communication. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p482; Brain & Bannister, Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p142; Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p848)

Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.

Modified cardiac muscle fibers composing the terminal portion of the heart conduction system.

The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava (VENA CAVA, SUPERIOR) and right atrium. Contraction impulses probably start in this node, spread over the atrium (HEART ATRIUM) and are then transmitted by the atrioventricular bundle (BUNDLE OF HIS) to the ventricle (HEART VENTRICLE).

The period during a surgical operation.

Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

Pain during the period after surgery.

A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART ATRIA.

The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)

A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion PERMEABILITY of CARDIOMYOCYTES. Defects in the SCN5A gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel, are associated with a variety of CARDIAC DISEASES that result from loss of sodium channel function.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by stimulation along AFFERENT PATHWAYS from PERIPHERAL NERVES to CEREBRUM.

An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

Regularly spaced gaps in the myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. Ranvier's nodes allow saltatory conduction, that is, jumping of impulses from node to node, which is faster and more energetically favorable than continuous conduction.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.

Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)

Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.

A 43-kDa peptide which is a member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Connexin 43 is a product of a gene in the alpha class of connexin genes (the alpha-1 gene). It was first isolated from mammalian heart, but is widespread in the body including the brain.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Abnormally rapid heartbeats caused by reentry of atrial impulse into the dual (fast and slow) pathways of ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE. The common type involves a blocked atrial impulse in the slow pathway which reenters the fast pathway in a retrograde direction and simultaneously conducts to the atria and the ventricles leading to rapid HEART RATE of 150-250 beats per minute.

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Recording of regional electrophysiological information by analysis of surface potentials to give a complete picture of the effects of the currents from the heart on the body surface. It has been applied to the diagnosis of old inferior myocardial infarction, localization of the bypass pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, recognition of ventricular hypertrophy, estimation of the size of a myocardial infarct, and the effects of different interventions designed to reduce infarct size. The limiting factor at present is the complexity of the recording and analysis, which requires 100 or more electrodes, sophisticated instrumentation, and dedicated personnel. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed)

A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.

A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.

Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of GAP JUNCTIONS. The connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. The variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.

A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.

Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)

Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of CONNEXINS, the family of proteins which form the junctions.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.

A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.

An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.

Procedure in which arterial blood pressure is intentionally reduced in order to control blood loss during surgery. This procedure is performed either pharmacologically or by pre-surgical removal of blood.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.

A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.

Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.)

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.

A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

Books designed to give factual information or instructions.

Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.

Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.

The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Facilities equipped for performing surgery.

The period following a surgical operation.

Optical imaging techniques used for recording patterns of electrical activity in tissues by monitoring transmembrane potentials via FLUORESCENCE imaging with voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes.

A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL NODE. They include both atrial and ventricular premature beats, and are also known as extra or ectopic heartbeats. Their frequency is increased in heart diseases.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

The electrical properties, characteristics of living organisms, and the processes of organisms or their parts that are involved in generating and responding to electrical charges.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.

A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).

A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects.

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.

The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

The study of the electrical activity and characteristics of the HEART; MYOCARDIUM; and CARDIOMYOCYTES.

Subjective cutaneous sensations (e.g., cold, warmth, tingling, pressure, etc.) that are experienced spontaneously in the absence of stimulation.

Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

Command-related distribution of regional cerebral blood flow during attempted handgrip. (1/262)

To localize a central nervous feed-forward mechanism involved in cardiovascular regulation during exercise, brain activation patterns were measured in eight subjects by employing positron emission tomography and oxygen-15-labeled water. Scans were performed at rest and during rhythmic handgrip before and after axillary blockade with bupivacaine. After the blockade, handgrip strength was reduced to 25% (range 0-50%) of control values, whereas handgrip-induced heart rate and blood pressure increases were unaffected (13 +/- 3 beats/min and 12 +/- 5 mmHg, respectively; means +/- SE). Before regional anesthesia, handgrip caused increased activation in the contralateral sensory motor area, the supplementary motor area, and the ipsilateral cerebellum. We found no evidence for changes in the activation pattern due to an interaction between handgrip and regional anesthesia. This was true for both the blocked and unblocked arm. It remains unclear whether the activated areas are responsible for the increase in cardiovascular variables, but neural feedback from the contracting muscles was not necessary for the activation in the mentioned areas during rhythmic handgrip. (+info)

Carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia. (2/262)

Regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy is a simple, reliable, and virtually complication-free technique. We began to perform a series of carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia at our institution in May 1990. This report describes our experience with 180 operated patients from May 1990 till December 1995, with regional anesthesia. All patients were operated with microsurgery and we utilized the deeply cervical plexus block at the C-4 level associated with superficial block, along the posterior border of the externocleidomastoid muscle. The main advantage of this technique of anesthesia is that it is the only exact method of assessing the need of a shunt by using the neurological status of the awaken patient during trial carotid cross-clamping. The regional anesthesia allows carotid endarterectomy to be safely performed on patients with advanced cardiac disease or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were not good candidates for general anesthesia. In this 180 patients we performed 198 consecutive endarterectomies (10% bilateral) with a total morbidity-mortality rate of 2.0%. (+info)

Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block) in a dog. (3/262)

Intravenous regional anesthesia was used in an adult dog as part of a balanced approach to general anesthesia for amputation of the 4th digit of its right hind limb. It allowed the concentration of isoflurane to be reduced to 0.5%. (+info)

Effects of general and locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcome for in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis. (4/262)

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate prospective trials of general or locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcomes (cleavage and pregnancy rate) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of 115 published studies retrieved from a search of articles indexed on MEDLINE from 1966 to February 1999, four studies with distinct general and locoregional anesthesia were deemed eligible for meta- analysis. The pooled relative risk and odds ratios were calculated. A test for homogeneity was also performed. The pooled log odds ratio was 1.03 (95% CI 0.90-1.18) in cleavage rate and 0.71 (95% CI 0.47-1.08) in pregnancy rate. Heterogeneity was negative. Cleavage and pregnancy rates were not significantly different in both the general anesthesia and locoregional anesthesia groups. Both anesthetic techniques were favorable to IVF procedure by available published evidence when anesthesia was needed. (+info)

Severe vasovagal attack during regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. (5/262)

A patient experienced a severe vasovagal attack during regional anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. The combination of vagal over-activity and sympathetic block produced profound hypotension that threatened the life of the mother and infant. The vasovagal syndrome is described, and its prevention and management discussed. (+info)

The effect of anesthetic technique on postoperative outcomes in hip fracture repair. (6/262)

BACKGROUND: The impact of anesthetic choice on postoperative mortality and morbidity has not been determined with certainty. METHODS: The authors evaluated the effect of type of anesthesia on postoperative mortality and morbidity in a retrospective cohort study of consecutive hip fracture patients, aged 60 yr or older, who underwent surgical repair at 20 US hospitals between 1983 and 1993. The primary outcome was defined as death within 30 days of the operative procedure. The secondary outcomes were postoperative 7-day mortality, postoperative myocardial infarction, postoperative pneumonia, postoperative congestive heart failure, and postoperative change in mental status. Numerous comorbid conditions were controlled for individually and by several comorbidity indices using logistic regression. RESULTS: General anesthesia was used in 6,206 patients (65.8%) and regional anesthesia in 3,219 patients (3,078 spinal anesthesia and 141 epidural anesthesia). The 30-day mortality rate in the general anesthesia group was 4.4%, compared with 5.4% in the regional anesthesia group (unadjusted odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.97). However, the adjusted odds ratio for general anesthesia increased to 1.08 (0.84-1.38). The adjusted odds ratios for general anesthesia versus regional anesthesia for the 7-day mortality was 0.90 (0.59-1.39) and for postoperative morbidity outcomes were as follows: myocardial infarction: adjusted odds ratio = 1.17 (0.80-1.70); congestive heart failure: adjusted odds ratio = 1.04 (0.80-1.36); pneumonia: adjusted odds ratio = 1.21 (0.87-1.68); postoperative change in mental status: adjusted odds ratio = 1.08 (0.95-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: The authors were unable to demonstrate that regional anesthesia was associated with better outcome than was general anesthesia in this large observational study of elderly patients with hip fracture. These results suggest that the type of anesthesia used should depend on factors other than any associated risks of mortality or morbidity. (+info)

Ophthalmic regional anesthesia: medial canthus episcleral (sub-tenon) anesthesia is more efficient than peribulbar anesthesia: A double-blind randomized study. (7/262)

BACKGROUND: Regional anesthesia and especially peribulbar anesthesia commonly is used for cataract surgery. Failure rates and need for reinjection remains high, however, with peribulbar anesthesia. Single-injection high-volume medial canthus episcleral (sub-Tenon's) anesthesia has proven to be an efficient and safe alternative to peribulbar anesthesia. METHODS: The authors, in a blind study, compared the effectiveness of both techniques in 66 patients randomly assigned to episcleral anesthesia or single-injection peribulbar anesthesia. Motor blockade (akinesia) was used as the main index of anesthesia effectiveness. It was assessed using an 18-point scale (0-3 for each of the four directions of the gaze, lid opening, and lid closing, the total being from 0 = normal mobility to 18 = no movement at all). This score was compared between the groups 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after injection and at the end of the surgical procedures. Time to onset of the blockade also was compared between the two groups, as was the incidence of incomplete blockade with a need for supplemental injection and the satisfaction of the surgeon, patient, and anesthesiologist. RESULTS: Episcleral anesthesia provided a quicker onset of anesthesia, a better akinesia score, and a lower rate of incomplete blockade necessitating reinjection (0 vs. 39%; P < 0.0001) than peribulbar anesthesia. Even after supplemental injection, peribulbar anesthesia had a lower akinesia score than did episcleral anesthesia. Peribulbar anesthesia began to wear off during surgery, whereas episcleral anesthesia did not. CONCLUSION: Medial canthus single-injection episcleral anesthesia is a suitable alternative to peribulbar anesthesia. It provides better akinesia, with a quicker onset and more constancy in effectiveness. (+info)

General versus regional anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. (8/262)

Hip fracture surgery is common and the population at risk is generally elderly. There is no consensus of opinion regarding the safest form of anaesthesia for these patients. We performed a meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials that compare morbidity and mortality associated with general or regional anaesthesia for hip fracture patients. There was a reduced 1-month mortality and incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the regional anaesthesia group. Operations performed under general anaesthesia had a reduction in operation time. No other outcome measures reached a statistically significant difference. There was a tendency towards a lower incidence of myocardial infarction, confusion and postoperative hypoxia in the regional anaesthetic group, and cerebrovascular accident and intra-operative hypotension in the general anaesthetic group. We conclude that there are marginal advantages for regional anaesthesia compared to general anaesthesia for hip fracture patients in terms of early mortality and risk of deep vein thrombosis. (+info)

Typical operations performed under conduction anesthesia include: *Dentistry (surface anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia or ... Sometimes, conduction anesthesia is combined with general anesthesia or sedation for the patient's comfort and ease of surgery ... epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia). *Abdominal surgery (epidural anesthesia/spinal anesthesia, often ... Local anesthesia of body cavities includes intrapleural anesthesia and intra-articular anesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic

This drug needs to block about 70-80% of the ACh receptors for neuromuscular conduction to fail, and hence for effective ... In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to anesthesia to produce paralysis, firstly to paralyze the vocal ... Patients are still aware of pain even after full conduction block has occurred; hence, general anesthetics and/or analgesics ... most commonly in anesthesia. It is necessary to prevent spontaneous movement of muscle during surgical operations. Muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drug

Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (2): 533-6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000096181.89116.d2. PMID 14742401. Dabu-Bondoc ... "EEG oscillations and binaural beat as compared with electromagnetic headphones and air-conduction headphones", Psychophysiology ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 97 (3): 772-5. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000076145.83783.e7. PMID 12933400. Hemi-Sync Website Monroe ... that EEG changes did not occur when the standard electromagnetic headphones of Monroe's setup were replaced by air conduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemi-Sync

Anomalous conduction via accessory pathways (APs) creates the re-entry circuit (which are also called bypass tracts), that ... Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia. Morgan, Jr. GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ. Chapter 19. Clinical Anesthesiology. 4th ed. New ... Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances. In V. Fuster, R.A. Walsh, R.A. Harrington (Eds). ... conduction velocity) of impulse.[citation needed] AV reentrant tachycardia AV nodal reentrant tachycardia "Cardiac Arrhythmias ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re-entry_ventricular_arrhythmia

... and certain anesthesia. Any situations requiring the administration of anesthesia or succinylcholine (e.g., surgical procedures ... Primary literature suggests the children may have a higher rate of cardiac physical and conduction abnormalities which may ... "Anesthesia". Archived from the original on 2011-10-18. Retrieved 2012-04-11.[full citation needed] Stirt JA (July 1981). " ... and palate Anesthesia may be dangerous in these patients: "According to the medical literature, in some cases, individuals with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinstein–Taybi_syndrome

While undergoing anesthesia, people with FOP may encounter difficulties with intubation, restrictive pulmonary disease, and ... changes in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Activities that increase the risk of falling or soft tissue injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva

In chemical neurolysis, a needle injects alcohol or phenol into the nerve and prevents the conduction of pain signals. ... Hidalgo, NRA; Ferrante FM (2007). Finucane, BT (ed.). Complications of regional anesthesia (2nd ed.). New York, N.Y.: Springer ... Rathmell, James P. (2012). Atlas of Image-Guided Intervention in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Lippincott Williams & ... Bridenbaugh, PO; Cousins, MJ (1998). Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercostal_nerve_block

It is the most commonly used local anesthetic in epidural anesthesia during labor, as well as in postoperative pain management ... Without depolarization, no initiation or conduction of a pain signal can occur. The rate of systemic absorption of bupivacaine ... However, it is approved for use at term in obstetrical anesthesia. Bupivacaine is excreted in breast milk. Risks of ... The 0.75% formulation is contraindicated in epidural anesthesia during labor because of the association with refractory cardiac ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine

The main use for this drug is to produce anesthesia to mucous membranes to numb and help control the pain in that area. The ... but it is believed that the active ingredients reversibly block nerve conduction therefore causing the numbing sensation. This ... The dosage should be applied directly to the site where anesthesia is required. The dosage should be modified according to the ... The actual mechanism for the onset of anesthesia is unknown, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacaine

Regional anesthesia[edit]. Further information: Conduction anesthesia. .mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex- ... The following are the types of regional anesthesia:[2]:926-931 *Infiltrative anesthesia: a small amount of local anesthetic is ... Sedation (also referred to as dissociative anesthesia or twilight anesthesia) creates hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, ... Spinal anesthesia is a "one-shot" injection that provides rapid onset and profound sensory anesthesia with lower doses of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

Marx GF (1994). "The first spinal anesthesia. Who deserves the laurels?". Regional Anesthesia. 19 (6): 429-30. PMID 7848956.. ... Clarkson CW, Hondeghem LM (1985). "Mechanism for bupivacaine depression of cardiac conduction: fast block of sodium channels ... There is less chances of hypotension after epidural anesthesia as compared to spinal anesthesia ... "Anesthesia". Harvard University Press. Retrieved April 18, 2014.. *^ Thorp JA, Breedlove G (1996). "Epidural analgesia in labor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_anesthesia

If the local anesthesia injections provide temporary pain relief, then RFA is performed on the nerve(s) that responded well to ... Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), also called fulguration, is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction ... The nerves to be ablated are identified through injections of local anesthesia (such as lidocaine) prior to the RFA procedure. ... The person is awake during the procedure, so risks associated with general anesthesia are avoided. An intravenous line may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofrequency_ablation

The lower conduction velocities enable the slower motor neurons to remain active. A motor unit is defined as one motor neuron ... arms and lower limbs An acceleromyograph may be used for neuromuscular monitoring in general anesthesia with neuromuscular- ... Nerve conduction testing is also often done at the same time as an EMG to diagnose neurological diseases. Some patients can ... This is called nerve conduction studies (NCS). Needle EMG and NCSs are typically indicated when there is pain in the limbs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography

... anesthesia, conduction MeSH E03.155.086.131 - anesthesia, epidural MeSH E03.155.086.131.100 - anesthesia, caudal MeSH E03.155. ... anesthesia, general MeSH E03.155.197.197 - anesthesia, inhalation MeSH E03.155.197.197.280 - anesthesia, closed-circuit MeSH ... anesthesia, intratracheal MeSH E03.155.308 - anesthesia, intravenous MeSH E03.155.364 - anesthesia, obstetrical MeSH E03.155. ... 086.231 - anesthesia, local MeSH E03.155.086.331 - anesthesia, spinal MeSH E03.155.086.711 - nerve block MeSH E03.155.086.711. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E03)

Additionally, M2 receptors reduce the contractile forces of the atrial cardiac muscle and reduce the conduction velocity of the ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 37 (2): 219-222. doi:10.1007/BF03005473. PMID 2088315. Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_bradycardia

Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm. Conduction anesthesia encompasses ... New York School of Regional Anesthesia Anesthesia Books General information and tutorials in peripheral regional anesthesia [1 ... The following terms are often used interchangeably: Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the ... Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthesia

Anesthesia is used to control pain by using medicines that reversibly block nerve conduction near the site of administration, ... In this level called anesthesia, a combination of general anesthesia and spinal or major regional anesthesia. It does not ... Just like regular anesthesia, twilight anesthesia is designed to help a patient feel more comfortable and to minimize pain ... Some of the same drugs used in general anesthesia are also used for twilight anesthesia, except in smaller doses and in a bolus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twilight_anesthesia

Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (2): 533-6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000096181.89116.d2. PMID 14742401. Dabu-Bondoc ... "EEG oscillations and binaural beat as compared with electromagnetic headphones and air-conduction headphones", Psychophysiology ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 97 (3): 772-5. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000076145.83783.e7. PMID 12933400. Hemi-Sync Website and other ... Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol 110 1, January 2010, p208-210 "Accessing Anomalous States of Consciousness with a Binaural Beat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Monroe

Mert T, Gunes Y, Guven M, Gunay I, Ozcengiz D (March 2002). "Comparison of nerve conduction blocks by an opioid and a local ... Butterworth JF, Strichartz GR (April 1990). "Molecular mechanisms of local anesthesia: a review". Anesthesiology. 72 (4): 711- ... Mitolo-Chieppa D, Carratu MR (May 1983). "Anaesthetic drugs: electrophysiological bases of their conduction blocking effect". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_blocker

Bone conduction ABR thresholds can be used if other limitations are present, but thresholds are not as accurate as ABR ... Most patients (especially infants) are given light anesthesia when test transtympanically. Chloral Hydrate is a commonly ... Auditory system Bone conduction auditory brainstem response Cochlea EEG Evoked potential Otoacoustic emission International ... non-cooperative subjects even in sleep sedation or anesthesia without influence of age and vigilance (contrary to cortical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_brainstem_response

The first one is local anesthesia (topical, infiltrational, topical mucosal and inhalational, spinal and Bier's intravenous). ... Trimecaine must not be used at hypersensitivity on amide anesthetics, hypervolemia, hypotension, cardial conduction defects, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimecaine

Local anesthesia Schmidt JL, Blockus LE, Richards RK. The Pharmacology of Pramoxine Hydrochloride: A New Topical Local ... blocking both initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Depolarization and repolarization of excitable neural membranes is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramocaine

Håkansson, Bo (2011). "The future of bone conduction hearing devices". Implantable Bone Conduction Hearing Aids. Advances in ... The surgery is often performed under local anesthesia and as an outpatient procedure. An important piece of information for ... A conventional air conduction aid with a mold placed in the ear canal opening may not be appropriate due to the drainage, and ... A 4-mm-long titanium screw with a diameter of 3.75 mm was inserted in the bone behind the ear, and a bone conduction hearing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone-anchored_hearing_aid

Barash PG (2009). Clinical anesthesia (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 525. ISBN ... and conduction through the atrioventricular node (AV) of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks ... these changes are manifested as a reduction in impulse conduction velocity through the AV node (negative dromotropy). In the ... The use of nightshade preparations for anesthesia, often in combination with opium, persisted throughout the Roman and Islamic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine

The procedure can be performed in a doctor's office setting with local anesthesia and leaves very little scarring compared to ... When ablating tissue near the AV node (a special conduction center that carries electrical impulses from the atria to the ... Another type of cryoablation is used to restore normal electrical conduction by freezing tissue or heart pathways that ... Techniques also exist where incisions are used in the open heart to interrupt abnormal electrical conduction (Maze procedure). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoablation

Nerve conduction studies can be used to delineate sural nerve lesions. Treatment will depend on the cause of the neuropathy. ... In one study, regional anesthesia of the foot and ankle, when performed by surgeons, was completely successful 95% of the time ... Myerson, M. S.; Ruland, C. M.; Allon, S. M. (1992). "Regional Anesthesia for Foot and Ankle Surgery". Foot & Ankle ... Because this technique requires few injections to reach adequate anesthesia, a smaller volume of anesthetic is needed. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sural_nerve

... induction of anesthesia, placement of surgical instrumentation into the thorax or as a benign, temporary phenomenon. In Pulsus ... Hypothyroidism Betablocker therapy Digoxin Myocardial Infarction Destruction or degeneration of the cardiac conduction system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsus_bigeminus

... damage to the conduction system, requiring a permanent pacemaker; death. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Electrical conduction ... A peripheral venous cannula is generally inserted to allow medication to be given such as sedatives, anesthesia, or drugs. An ... This electrical activity is recorded when the heart is in a normal rhythm (sinus rhythm) to assess the conduction system of the ... The electrophysiologist begins by moving the electrodes along the conduction pathways and along the inner walls of the heart, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophysiology_study

Bissonnette, Bruno (2010). Pediatric Anesthesia. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 1182. ISBN 9781607950936.. ... Conduction aphasia. *Anomic aphasia. *Global aphasia. *Transcortical sensory aphasia. *Transcortical motor aphasia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_nose

Subspecialties include electroencephalography, electromyography, evoked potential, nerve conduction study and polysomnography. ... or anesthesia. Most of these have branched from one or other of the two camps above; for example anaesthesia developed first as ... Anesthesia & Analgesia. 116 (6): 1360-1363. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e. PMID 23709076.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

The equivalent atrial pacing mode is AAI or AAIR which is the mode of choice when atrioventricular conduction is intact but the ... Allergic reaction to the dye or anesthesia used during the procedure. Swelling, bruising or bleeding at the generator site, ... Note that the right ventricular lead in this case has 2 thickened aspects that represent conduction coils and that the ... that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker

The procedure may be performed under general, regional, or local anesthesia. It then involves using a cannula and negative ... cryolipolysis was developed to apply low temperatures to tissue via thermal conduction.[23] In order to avoid frostbite, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-surgical_liposuction

If the action potential has fast conduction, with a long refractory period and/or conduction pathway shorter than the ... 2015). Essential clinical anesthesia review : keywords, questions and answers for the boards. p. 480. ISBN 9781107681309. . ... All atrial remodeling is related to heterogeneous conduction and the formation of re-entrant electric conduction from the ... signifying that they are initiated by normal conduction of atrial electrical activity through the intraventricular conduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

EEG under general anesthesia depends on the type of anesthetic employed. With halogenated anesthetics, such as halothane or ... This process is known as volume conduction. When the wave of ions reaches the electrodes on the scalp, they can push or pull ... Additionally, EEG may be used to monitor the depth of anesthesia, as an indirect indicator of cerebral perfusion in carotid ... depth of anesthesia, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalogram

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 27 (6): 1355-1363. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2013.02.008. PMID 23962462.. ... Conduction system *cardiac pacemaker. *SA node. *Bachmann's bundle. *AV node. *bundle of His ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral

Cauda equina syndrome should be investigated in case of saddle anesthesia, loss of bladder or bowel control, or leg weakness.[3 ... On nerve conduction studies, the pattern of diminished Compound muscle action potential and normal sensory nerve action ... Electrodiagnostic testing, consisting of NCS (nerve conduction study) and EMG (electromyography), is also a powerful diagnostic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiculopathy

... measurements made in laboratories or anesthesia may not be representative of values under free-living conditions. Rats, mice, ... Conduction. *Conduction system. *Cardiac electrophysiology. *Action potential *cardiac *atrial. *ventricular. *Effective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_blood_pressure

Anesthesia is not used during the middle of an "awake" brain surgery. Awake brain surgery is where the patient is conscious for ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/جراحی_مغز_و_اعصاب?match=en

"Anesthesia & Analgesia. 80 (1): 108. Retrieved 5 April 2011.. *^ a b Costanzo, Linda S. (2003). Physiology. Board Review Series ... Conduction. *Conduction system. *Cardiac electrophysiology. *Action potential *cardiac *atrial. *ventricular. *Effective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodynamics

Nusstein, JM; Reader, A; Drum, M (April 2010). "Local anesthesia strategies for the patient with a "hot" tooth". Dental clinics ... The tests must be done with tooth isolation and conduction media. EPT is not recommended for patients with orthodontic bands or ... In order for excitability and conduction to occur, voltage-gated sodium channels must be activated. Changes in sodium channel ( ... Response caused by conduction of the current because of periodontal or gingival issues ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpitis

CMT can be diagnosed through three different forms of tests: measurement of the speed of nerve impulses (nerve conduction ... Anesthesia dolorosa. *Facial nerve paralysis *Bell's palsy. *Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. *Parry-Romberg syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease

Severe nitrazepam overdose resulting in coma causes the central somatosensory conduction time (CCT) after median nerve ... with different receptor selectivity on motor coordination and muscle relaxation following thiopental-induced anesthesia in mice ...

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Thus evoked compound motor action potentials (CMAP) or sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) as used in nerve conduction ... stimulation is generally regarded as unsuitable for intraoperative monitoring because it is more sensitive to anesthesia. ...

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"Open Anesthesia.. *^ Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer S, Gideon PS, Hall K, Ray WA (2006). "Major ... Hyperkalemia may decrease the velocity of impulse conduction in the nerves and muscles, including cardiac tissues. This leads ...

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ISBN 0-7817-8763-7. Clinical Anesthesia. Books.google.se. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 8 December ... Asystole has occurred after physostigmine administration for tricyclic antidepressant overdose, so a conduction delay (QRS > ... Page 592 in: Cahalan, Michael D.; Barash, Paul G.; Cullen, Bruce F.; Stoelting, Robert K. (2009). Clinical Anesthesia. ... are used clinically for their synergistic effect in the management of pain and maintenance of dissociative anesthesia (sedation ...

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Nerve conduction studies Antiganglioside antibodies Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) Sensory symptoms and ... Based on symptoms, nerve conduction studies, lumbar puncture[2]. Treatment. Supportive care, intravenous immunoglobulin, ... Furthermore, those who experienced diarrhea before the onset of disease have a worse prognosis.[11] On the nerve conduction ... Needle electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies may be performed. In the first two weeks, these investigations may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain-Barre

Diagnostic tests include electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCSs), which assess large myelinated nerve fibers ... anesthesia, paralysis, wasting, and disappearance of the reflexes. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

Based on the procedure, anesthesia may be provided locally or as general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may be used when the ... Conduction system. Maze procedure Cox maze and minimaze. Catheter ablation Cryoablation. Radiofrequency ablation. Pacemaker ... Modern pain control through anesthesia was discovered in the mid-19th century. Before the advent of anesthesia, surgery was a ... 2008). Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-387-73328-9. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resection_

Conduction system. Maze procedure Cox maze and minimaze. Catheter ablation Cryoablation. Radiofrequency ablation. Pacemaker ... Soviet surgeon Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Vishnevskiy conducted the first cardiac surgery under local anesthesia. ...

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Conduction system. Maze procedure Cox maze and minimaze. Catheter ablation Cryoablation. Radiofrequency ablation. Pacemaker ... If the local anesthesia injections provide temporary pain relief, then RFA is performed on the nerve(s) that responded well to ... Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)[a] is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor ... The nerves to be ablated are identified through injections of local anesthesia (such as lidocaine) prior to the RFA procedure. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facet_rhizotomy

Laughing gas, anesthetic (used in a combination with diatomic oxygen (O2) to make nitrous oxide and oxygen anesthesia), ... "Linked Reactivity at Mineral-Water Interfaces Through Bulk Crystal Conduction". Science. 320 (5873): 218-222. Bibcode:2008Sci ...

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A3535 PORTEX PROCEDURAL- anesthesia conduction kit To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it into your ... The onset of anesthesia, the duration of anesthesia and the degree of muscular relaxation are proportional to the volume and ... Epidural Anesthesia. For epidural anesthesia, only the following available specific products of Lidocaine Hydrochloride ... depth of anesthesia and degree of muscular relaxation required, duration of anesthesia required, and the physical condition of ...

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A3588-20 PORTEX SINGLE SHOT EPIDURAL- anesthesia conduction kit To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it ... The onset of anesthesia, the duration of anesthesia and the degree of muscular relaxation are proportional to the volume and ... A3588-20 PORTEX SINGLE SHOT EPIDURAL- anesthesia conduction kit Number of versions: 2. ... Epidural Anesthesia. For epidural anesthesia, only the following available specific products of Lidocaine Hydrochloride ...

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Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Is Useful for Patients with Tetrodotoxin. Yamazaki, Mitsuaki MD, PhD; Shibuya, Nobuko MD, PhD ... Home , April 1995 - Volume 80 - Issue 4 , Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Is Useful for Patients with... ... Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia.. ... Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia.. ...

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The effects of anesthesia on measures of nerve conduction velocity in male C57Bl6/J mice.. Oh SS1, Hayes JM, Sims-Robinson C, ... The effects of anesthesia on measures of nerve conduction velocity in male C57Bl6/J mice ... The effects of anesthesia on measures of nerve conduction velocity in male C57Bl6/J mice ... All parameters were measured under anesthesia in mice 24 weeks of age and within 5 min of anesthesia. * = p , 0.05 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691755?dopt=Abstract

Buy the Paperback Book New Aspects in Regional Anesthesia 4 by Hans J. Wüst at Indigo.ca, Canadas largest bookstore. + Get ...

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A1216 MIDAZOLAM FOR CONDUCTION OF THIOPENTAL ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS You will receive an email whenever this article is ... A1216 MIDAZOLAM FOR CONDUCTION OF THIOPENTAL ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS. Anesthesiology 9 1990, Vol.73, NA. doi: ... H. R. Vinik, E. L. Bradley, I. Kissin; A1216 MIDAZOLAM FOR CONDUCTION OF THIOPENTAL ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS. Anesthesiology 1990 ...

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Postoperative pain after vitreo-retinal surgery is influenced by surgery duration and anesthesia conduction - Minerva ... Postoperative pain after vitreo-retinal surgery is influenced by surgery duration and anesthesia conduction. Beatrice LORIGA 1 ... Postoperative pain after vitreo-retinal surgery is influenced by surgery duration and anesthesia conduction. Minerva Anestesiol ... Patients received locoregional (LRA) or general anesthesia (GA) with supplemental block. Twenty-two percent of patients needed ...

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Anesthesiology Conduction anesthesia Anesthesia, Conduction & Public Health Anesthesia, Conduction Medicine & Public Health ...

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Regional Anesthesia. Alternate Names : Regional Block, Field Block, Nerve Block, Conduction Anesthesia ... Anesthesia means a loss of feeling or inability to feel pain. Regional anesthesia or block is a method of pain prevention in a ... The local anesthesia is often injected deep into the skin or other surface. This is where the major nerves are usually located ... although regional blocks cause a larger area of the body to be numb than local anesthesia, the medication is the same. ...

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Anesthesia, Conduction. Known as: Conduction anesthesia, Regional Anesthesia, regional anaesthesia (More). A temporary loss of ... Both regional anesthesia and general anesthesia have been proposed to provide optimal ambulatory anesthesia. We searched ... The tumescent technique for local anesthesia permits regional local anesthesia of the skin and subcutaneous tissues by direct… ... A comparison of regional versus general anesthesia for ambulatory anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Anesthesia%2C-Conduction/3705

Anesthesia in dental surgery. by: Mead, Sterling Vernon, 1888- Published: (1935) * Conduction and infiltration anesthesia, by: ... Conduction, infiltration and general anesthesia in dentistry / Main Author: Nevin, Mendel, 1881-1950.. ... Local anesthesia in dentistry, with special reference to infiltration and conduction; a guide for dentists, oral surgeons and ... Conduction, infiltration and general anesthesia in dentistry, by: Nevin, Mendel, 1881-1950. Published: (1948) ...

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What is obstetrical anesthesia? Meaning of obstetrical anesthesia medical term. What does obstetrical anesthesia mean? ... Looking for online definition of obstetrical anesthesia in the Medical Dictionary? obstetrical anesthesia explanation free. ... conduction anesthesia. Block anesthesia. crossed anesthesia. Anesthesia of the side opposite to the site of a central nervous ... stocking anesthesia, Infiltration anesthesia, Local anesthesia, One lung anesthesia, Tumescent anesthesia, Vocal anesthesia. ...

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Helpful Anesthesia Billing Guidelines Resources Hello, Does anyone have any reputable [online] anesthesia coding resources with ... Nerve conduction tests. 95885 I have a question 95885 when dr. performs this on both sides would I bill 95885 with 2 units, or ... clear instructions on calculating time units? Ive been directed to the Anesthesia website, but did not locate information ...

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Plasma Levels of Lidocaine (Xylocaine®) in Mother and Newborn Following Obstetrical Conduction Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 9 ... Plasma Levels of Lidocaine (Xylocaine®) in Mother and Newborn Following Obstetrical Conduction Anesthesia ... Plasma Levels of Lidocaine (Xylocaine®) in Mother and Newborn Following Obstetrical Conduction Anesthesia ... in Mother and Newborn Following Obstetrical Conduction Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1968;29(5):951-958. ...

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Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Obstetric Anesthesia; Pain Mechanisms; Pain Medicine; Pediatric Anesthesia; Regional Anesthesia; ... Ambulatory Anesthesia; Anesthetic Pharmacology; Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Critical Care and Trauma; Economics, Education, and ... Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is ... No other journal can match Anesthesia & Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. ...

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Why are some cesarean deliveries performed with general anesthesia without a clinical indication? What are the complications ... Cardiac conduction disorders. 1,800 (0.4%). 135 (0.5%). 1.25 (1.05-1.49). 0.015. Obesity. 15,567 (3.5%). 652 (2.5%). 0.69 (0.64 ... Neuraxial Anesthesia (N = 439,583). General Anesthesia (N = 26,431). Crude OR (95% CI). P Value*. Adjusted OR† (95% CI). P ... Temporal Trends in the Use of General Anesthesia. General anesthesia rate was calculated for each 2-year interval of the 12- ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913178_2

Anesthesia conduction kit.. Definition. This product code has been established in accordance with the May 20, 1997, Guidance ... Ophthalmic, Anesthesia, Respiratory, ENT and Dental Devices (OHT1). ENT, Sleep Disordered Breathing, Respiratory and Anesthesia ...

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Anesthesia conduction catheter. US7004923. Mar 21, 2002. Feb 28, 2006. I-Flow Corporation. Catheter for uniform delivery of ... Anesthesia conduction catheter. US7510550. May 12, 2003. Mar 31, 2009. I-Flow Corporation. Catheter for uniform delivery of ... Anesthesia conduction catheter for delivery of electrical stimulus. US20110190592 *. Apr 12, 2011. Aug 4, 2011. Applied Medical ... Anesthesia conduction catheter. US6689110. Nov 25, 2002. Feb 10, 2004. Micor, Inc.. ...

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Hugh J McMillan; Peter B Kang;] -- This book describes how to perform nerve conduction studies and electromyography in children ... Anesthesia and sedation issues --. Nerve Conduction Studies --. Sensory studies --. Motor studies --. Repetitive stimulation -- ... Anesthesia and sedation issues -- Nerve Conduction Studies -- Sensory studies -- Motor studies -- Repetitive stimulation -- ... u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\nschema:description<\/a> This book describes how to perform nerve conduction studies and electromyography ...

https://www.worldcat.org/title/pediatric-electromyography-concepts-and-clinical-applications/oclc/1008962901

Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Kit (Adult & Pediatric). Anesthesia Conduction Kit. Anesthesia Kit. Arterial Blood Sampling Kit. ... Brachial Plexus Anesthesia Kit. Caudal Anesthesia Kit. Continuous Brachial Plexus Block Tray. Custom Anesthesia Tray. Epidural ... Regional Anesthesia Kit. Spinal Anesthesia Kit. Spinal Epidural Anesthesia Kit. Tracheal Suction Set. Tracheobronchial Suction ... Obstetrical Anesthesia Kit. Obstetrical Vacuum Delivery Kit. Pap Smear Kit. Paracervical Anesthesia Kit. Pelvic Exam Kit. ...

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Why are some cesarean deliveries performed with general anesthesia without a clinical indication? What are the complications ... Cardiac conduction disorders. 1,800 (0.4%). 135 (0.5%). 1.25 (1.05-1.49). 0.015. Obesity. 15,567 (3.5%). 652 (2.5%). 0.69 (0.64 ... Neuraxial Anesthesia (N = 439,583). General Anesthesia (N = 26,431). Crude OR (95% CI). P Value*. Adjusted OR† (95% CI). P ... Neuraxial Anesthesia (N = 439,583). General Anesthesia (N = 26,431). Crude OR (95% CI). P Value. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913178

Needle, Conduction, Anesthetic (W/Wo Introducer). Class 2. BSP. §868.5140. Anesthesia Conduction Kit. Class 2. CAZ. ...

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... conduction, or block, anesthesia (the production of insensibility of a part by interrupting the conduction of a sensory nerve ... Other articles where Regional nerve block anesthesia is discussed: William Stewart Halsted: By self-experimentation he ... Alternative Titles: block anesthesia, conduction anesthesia. Learn about this topic in these articles:. development by Halsted ... to produce what is called regional nerve block anesthesia. In this situation, conduction in both motor and sensory fibres is ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/regional-nerve-block-anesthesia

mandibular foramen (MA-MF) were greater in the group of patients with unsuccessful anesthesia (p > 0.05). It is concluded that ... mandibular foramen (ARR-MF) show greater distances in the group of patients with successful anesthesia, while the variables of ... of those with unsuccessful anesthesia. The variables mandibular notch vs. mandibular foramen (MN-MF) and the anterior ramus ... orthopantomographs in 50 patients with successful and 94 patients with unsuccessful inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. ...

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Denturist ConsultationImplant Dentist ConsultationOrthodontist ConsultationRestorative Dentist ConsultationGeneral Anesthesia ...

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Continuous anesthesia nerve conduction apparatus, system and method thereof. US9265913. 22 Sep 2011. 23 Feb 2016. Vital 5, Llc ... Anesthesia conduction catheter. US20020082547. 25 Feb 2002. 27 Jun 2002. Deniega Jose Castillo. Catheter for uniform delivery ... Ultrasound monitored continuous anesthesia nerve conduction apparatus and method by bolus injection. ...

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Anesthesia, Conduction / methods* * Anesthesia, General* * Conscious Sedation * Female * Humans * Lidocaine / administration & ... Patient acceptance is greater with a correctly performed haematoma block and sedation technique compared to general anesthesia ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9274739/

... conduction anaesthesia, conduction anesthesia, nerve block anaesthesia, nerve block anesthesia. Anesthesia of an area supplied ... Block anaesthesia, block anesthesia, conduction anaesthesia, conduction anesthesia, nerve block anaesthesia, nerve block ... Conduction Anesthesia. A local anesthesia induced by injecting the local anesthetic agent close to the nerve trunk, at some ... In many situations, such as a C-section, conduction anesthesia is safer and therefore preferable to general anesthesia. However ...

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Conduction Anesthesia Model for practice extract and anesthesia Min. Order: 5 Pieces ...

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Depending on the situation, this may be used either on its own (in which case the patient remains fully conscious), or in combination with general anesthesia or sedation. (wikipedia.org)
Patient acceptance is greater with a correctly performed haematoma block and sedation technique compared to general anesthesia. (nih.gov)
Sometimes, conduction anesthesia is combined with general anesthesia or sedation for the patient's comfort and ease of surgery. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, New York and Pennsylvania refer to pain management as 'invasive and complex' regardless of whether anesthesia or moderate sedation is used with the procedure. (aapc.com)
The utilization of preoperative and intraoperative sedation is now recognized as a key component in maximizing the safety and success rate of regional anesthesia. (springer.com)
Objective of the study: to assess whether pharmacological sedation or general anesthesia for treatment of anterior circulation ischemic stroke with endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is associated with difference in morbidity (neurological outcome and peri-procedural complications). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Two anesthetic strategies are currently used: pharmacologic sedation in spontaneous ventilation or general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Old retrospective studies seemed to favor sedation with worst neurological outcome associated with general anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A subgroup analysis of the MR Clean study, including patients with an identical initial NIHSS score, did not find benefit from MT in patients with general anesthesia compared to those receiving sedation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The prospective, randomized, single-center SIESTA trial, conducted in 150 patients with an anterior circulation AIS, found no difference in the early neurological improvement (primary endpoint), assessed on the change in NIHSS score between admission and the 24th hour, between the conscious sedation group and the general anesthesia group. (clinicaltrials.gov)
There were a tendency for a better 3-month neurological outcome in the general anesthesia group (37% vs 18% of patients with a Modified Rankin score of 0-2 in the general anesthesia and conscious sedation groups respectively), but it was not possible to conclude due to a lack of statistical power. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Due to the increasing number of patients eligible for endovascular MT and the potential implication of these two anesthetic management on the functional outcome, a study comparing general anesthesia and sedation during a MT seems essential as specified in the recent updated American Stroke Association guidelines. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
To take into account the experience of the anesthesia providers within each hospital in performing and managing neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia to obstetric patients, the annual proportion of women delivering with neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia during labor and vaginal deliveries (the labor epidural analgesia rate) was calculated for each hospital using State Inpatient Database data. (medscape.com)
Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well. (wikipedia.org)
And, since these agents were used principally for analgesia or anesthesia during extractions and other surgical procedures, most patients did not experience anesthesia until after the introduction of conduction anesthesia in the late 1800s. (fauchard.org)

epidural anesthesia regional anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic agent into the epidural space. (thefreedictionary.com)
Some typical uses of conduction anesthesia for acute pain are: Labor pain (epidural anesthesia, pudendal nerve blocks) Postoperative pain (peripheral nerve blocks, epidural anesthesia) Trauma (peripheral nerve blocks, intravenous regional anesthesia, epidural anesthesia) Chronic pain is a complex and often serious condition that requires diagnosis and treatment by an expert in pain medicine. (wikipedia.org)

In these situations, the risk-benefit balance may favor general anesthesia, and the additional risk associated with general anesthesia compared with neuraxial anesthesia can be deemed acceptable. (medscape.com)
On the contrary, additional risks associated with general anesthesia without a clinical condition precluding use of neuraxial anesthesia could be deemed as unnecessary because exposure to general anesthesia-associated risks is avoidable. (medscape.com)

Alternatively, epidural and spinal anesthesia can be performed in the region of the central nervous system itself, suppressing all incoming sensation from nerves supplying the area of the block. (wikipedia.org)
The objectives were to produce clinical local electroanesthesia (EA) of the extremities, and produce electrical spinal anesthesia in monkeys. (dtic.mil)
The authors did not produce electrical spinal anesthesia by any pattern which did not involve a puncture of the dura. (dtic.mil)
The advantages of spinal anesthesia under certain restrictions are so obvious and the results obtained from its use so excellent that one can appreciate the popularity of this valuable anesthetic measure. (annals.org)
Spinal Anesthesia. (annals.org)
They are used in various techniques of local anesthesia such as: Topical anesthesia (surface) Topical administration of cream, gel, ointment, liquid, or spray of anaesthetic dissolved in DMSO or other solvents/carriers for deeper absorption Infiltration Brachial plexus block Epidural (extradural) block Spinal anesthesia (subarachnoid block) Iontophoresis Acute pain may occur due to trauma, surgery, infection, disruption of blood circulation, or many other conditions in which tissue injury occurs. (wikipedia.org)
Although norepinephrine is indicated in the treatment of acute hypotension occurring during spinal anesthesia, vasopressors that have a longer duration of action (e.g., metaraminol or phenylephrine) are also useful {67} . (drugs.com)
Ephedrine is indicated for the correction of hypotension secondary to spinal or other types of nontypical conduction anesthesia. (drugs.com)
Metaraminol is indicated for the prevention and treatment of acute hypotension occurring with spinal anesthesia and in the adjunctive treatment of hypotension resulting from hemorrhage, reactions to medications, surgical complications, and shock associated with brain damage due to trauma or tumor. (drugs.com)
Mephentermine is indicated in the treatment of hypotension secondary to ganglionic blockade and hypotension occurring with spinal anesthesia. (drugs.com)

for infiltration anesthesia, conduction anesthesia and closure therapy. (opencroquet.org)

Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Is Useful for Patients with. (lww.com)
We present a typical case of severe puffer fish poisoning with apnea in which the serum level of TTX and the motor nerve conduction velocity of the right median nerve (MCV) could be recorded Table 1 . (lww.com)
The effects of anesthesia on measures of nerve conduction velocity in male C57Bl6/J mice. (nih.gov)
Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is the predominant method used to assess peripheral nerve health. (nih.gov)
Unilateral intramuscular injection of EPCs into hindlimb skeletal muscles significantly ameliorated impaired sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity and sciatic nerve blood flow in the EPC-injected side of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude rats compared with the saline-injected side of diabetic nude rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
15 ) showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer significantly increased nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow as well as the amount of vasculature in the muscles and nerves, suggesting that the induction of local angiogenesis ameliorates experimental neuropathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Changes in the nerve conduction velocity indicate damage to the axon of the nerve, to its myelin sheath or both. (vcahospitals.com)
Nerve conduction velocity helps to confirm the presence of the peripheral nerve disease and to choose the right nerve for the further investigation such as nerve biopsy. (vcahospitals.com)
The transplanted dorsal columns displayed improved conduction velocity and frequency-response properties, and action potentials conducted over a greater distance into the lesion, suggesting that conduction block was overcome. (jneurosci.org)
Experiment: Conduction Velocity-How Fast is a Neuron? (backyardbrains.com)
In this lab you will learn how to measure the conduction velocity of a spike using an earthworm. (backyardbrains.com)
What is a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test? (healthtap.com)

A comparison of regional versus general anesthesia for ambulatory anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (semanticscholar.org)
Both regional anesthesia and general anesthesia have been proposed to provide optimal ambulatory anesthesia. (semanticscholar.org)
ambulatory anesthesia anesthesia performed on an outpatient basis for ambulatory surgery. (thefreedictionary.com)

[ 5 ] These higher risks of maternal adverse events were taken into consideration in the 2007 and 2016 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia, hence the statements "neuraxial techniques are preferred to general anesthesia for most cesarean deliveries" and "consider selecting neuraxial techniques in preference to general anesthesia for most cesarean deliveries. (medscape.com)

The study sample included all records of discharges after cesarean delivery performed in New York State hospitals between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2014, without a recorded clinical indication for general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Cesarean delivery cases without a recorded clinical indication for general anesthesia may indicate situations where general anesthesia was potentially avoidable. (medscape.com)
[ 12 ] Discharges were excluded if information on the type of anesthesia provided was missing, the hospital identifier was missing, or a clinical indication for general anesthesia was recorded. (medscape.com)
This retrospective study analyzed cesarean delivery cases without a recorded indication for general anesthesia or contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia in New York State hospitals, 2003 to 2014. (medscape.com)

Patients received locoregional (LRA) or general anesthesia (GA) with supplemental block. (minervamedica.it)
Patients recovering from general anesthesia must be assessed constantly until they have reacted. (thefreedictionary.com)
When patients are awakening from general anesthesia they may be restless, attempting to get out of bed or even striking out at those around them because they are afraid and disoriented. (thefreedictionary.com)
For each discharge, the New York State Inpatient Database indicates the type of anesthesia provided, one hospital identifier, patients characteristics, and procedures performed using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Hospital characteristics were calculated from the State Inpatient Database or obtained from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database. (medscape.com)
Comparative measurements were made of 144 orthopantomographs in 50 patients with successful and 94 patients with unsuccessful inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. (uniri.hr)
The results show that the bony lingula is prominent in 28.5% of all patients, or in 56.0% of those with unsuccessful anesthesia. (uniri.hr)
However, many anaesthetists, surgeons, patients and nurses believe that it is safer to perform major surgeries under local anesthesia than general anesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
To evaluate the incidence of neurologic complications as a consequence of peripheral regional anesthesia, all patients receiving peripheral nerve blocks will be evaluated according to a standardized protocol screening pain, motoric and sensory function recovering to defined periods, and according to a study protocol defining the items. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In this study, we evaluate all patients receiving peripheral regional anesthesia 24 hours after block performance according to a standardized study protocol. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The patients will be recruited among all patients from our hospital receiving continuous peripheral regional anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
We present a case of an Asian male with known TPP undergoing general anesthesia, a brief case series involving 5 patients, and a review of the literature. (scribd.com)
This practical manual is designed to help medical officers in small hospitals provide safe and effective anesthesia for patients. (ed.gov)
Chapter 2 describes fundamental principles and techniques underlying the practice of anesthesia and outlines immediate and continuing care of critically ill or unconscious patients. (ed.gov)
Nevertheless, these datas suffered methodological issues with selection bias: more severe patients based on NIHSS score were rather treated with general anesthesia and blood pressure was not controlled. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Routine use of regional anesthesia for patients having surgery is supported by general safety and proven effectiveness as a targeted modality in the prevention and treatment of acute pain. (minervamedica.it)
To maximize the potential for long-term outcome benefits to surgical patients, continuous regional anesthesia techniques are preferred over single injection techniques. (minervamedica.it)
Although the data are not yet definitive, some studies have demonstrated better functional recovery after joint replacement and lower rates of cancer recurrence in patients treated with continuous regional anesthesia. (minervamedica.it)
This effect may manifest as bradycardia or heart block in patients both with and without known underlying cardiac conduction abnormalities. (drugs.com)

For example, a woman who received general anesthesia for cesarean delivery because of a failed epidural catheter would be coded as general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Specifically, the invention relates to systems and methods of providing anesthesia to tissue using a catheter and introducer needle assembly, and applying a current to the needle assembly to create stimulation in the tissue to identify a target needle depth at which to deliver the anesthesia. (google.com)

Mechanism of action: Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. (nih.gov)
Tumescent technique for regional anesthesia permits lidocaine doses of 35 mg/kg for liposuction. (semanticscholar.org)
Topical anesthesia, in the form of lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) is most commonly used to enable relatively painless venipuncture (blood collection) and placement of intravenous cannulae. (wikipedia.org)
Local anesthetics vary in their pharmacological properties and they are used in various techniques of local anesthesia such as: Topical anesthesia (surface) - Similar to topical gel numbing before getting injected with Lidocaine. (wikipedia.org)

Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular approach for regional anesthesia of the brachial plexus. (semanticscholar.org)

Regional and local anesthesia , which blocks transmission of nerve impulses from a specific part of the body. (wikipedia.org)
agents work by preventing the conduction of nerve impulses. (britannica.com)
therefore, it prevents the generation and conduction of nerve impulses. (medscape.com)
Local anesthetics block the generation and conduction of nerve impulses by inhibiting the current through voltage-gated Na + channels in the nerve cell membrane. (ahajournals.org)

Regional anesthesia or block is a method of pain prevention in a specific part of the body, such as the hand. (3-rx.com)
although regional blocks cause a larger area of the body to be numb than local anesthesia , the medication is the same. (3-rx.com)
Regional anesthesia in the anticoagulated patient: defining the risks (the second ASRA Consensus Conference on Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation). (semanticscholar.org)
caudal anesthesia a type of regional anesthesia that was used in childbirth between the 1940s and the 1960s. (thefreedictionary.com)
For the purpose of the study, the variable was categorized as general anesthesia, regional (neuraxial) anesthesia, and missing. (medscape.com)
to produce what is called regional nerve block anesthesia. (britannica.com)
Regional anesthesia numbs a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm, also without affecting consciousness. (lymphedemapeople.com)
The term "conduction anesthesia" encompasses both local and regional anesthetic techniques. (lymphedemapeople.com)
Neurologic complications as an adverse effect occur in all types of regional anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
However, currently high-resolution electronic ultrasound (US) transducers have been increasingly used for human regional anesthesia, allowing visualization of the neural and adjacent structures as well the dispersion of local anesthetic in real time. (scielo.br)
These agents provide local or regional anesthesia as an adjunctive or alternative pain control. (medscape.com)
Analgesics are used for adjunctive pain control when immersion therapy and local/regional anesthesia are not sufficient. (medscape.com)
With appropriate local or regional anesthesia, this medication may not be necessary. (medscape.com)
cervical plexus block regional anesthesia of the neck by injection of a local anesthetic into the cervical plexus . (thefreedictionary.com)
Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is an important part of the practice of anesthesia for the elderly population, the growth of which will continue to outpace that of the younger population due to improvements in lifespan worldwide. (springer.com)
The choice for regional anesthesia is based on a combination of factors such as duration of surgery, pre-existing patient risk factors, and the skill and technique of the anesthesiologist. (springer.com)
Regional anesthesia is increasingly integrated as an important part of multimodal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, which aim to decrease the cost, enhance safety, and improve the patient's subjective experience during and after hospitalization. (springer.com)
Perioperative multimodal anesthesia using regional techniques in the aging surgical patient. (springer.com)
When used in the proper setting and patient population, regional anesthesia can be applied safely for procedures involving the upper extremities and the hands. (medscape.com)
In general, small needles and lower volumes of local anesthetic should be used in regional anesthesia to minimize the risk of neurovascular complications. (medscape.com)
If TPP has not been diagnosed and the patient has a surgical procedure during general or regional anesthesia, symptoms of the disease may be confused with other adverse perioperative events such as delayed recovery from neuromuscular paralysis. (scribd.com)
Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm. (wikipedia.org)
Conduction anesthesia encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, perioperative physicians have become much more interested in improving long-term outcomes after surgery rather than focusing on the well-established short-term benefits of regional anesthesia. (minervamedica.it)
This interest has raised important questions regarding the potential influence of regional anesthesia on morbidity and mortality, persistent pain and cancer prognosis. (minervamedica.it)
Regional anesthesia can modulate the inflammatory response through the direct anti-inflammatory effect of local anesthetics, blocking neural afferents, and blunting sympathetic activation. (minervamedica.it)
Future research studies in regional anesthesia will have to focus on these long-term patient-centered outcomes and may need to incorporate novel study designs and analyses of big data. (minervamedica.it)
Background Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic widely used for prolonged local and regional anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)

Interventions of the health care team will be individualized based on the type of procedure the patient has undergone and the type of anesthesia administered. (thefreedictionary.com)

However, there are also many types of surgery in which general anesthesia is clearly appropriate. (lymphedemapeople.com)
The association of parenteral analgesic drugs with locoregional anesthesia can be considered a promising tool to abolish noxious stimuli provoked by surgery. (scielo.br)
Manipulation under anesthesia, which has been performed for more than 60 years, can be more cost-effective and safer than invasive treatments, such as spine surgery. (spineuniverse.com)
The anesthesia was judged to be adequate for minor surgery but not enough to offset the pain of muscle spasm of the arm above the area of anesthesia. (dtic.mil)

Locoregional anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks are widely used in human anesthesia, and the use and evaluation of this technique have also been described in small and laboratory animals. (scielo.br)

By self-experimentation he developed (1885) conduction, or block, anesthesia (the production of insensibility of a part by interrupting the conduction of a sensory nerve leading to that region of the body), brought about by injecting cocaine into nerve trunks. (britannica.com)
That produced by injection of the anesthetic into the extradural space, either between the vertebral spines or into the sacral hiatus (caudal block - anesthesia by injection of local anesthetic into the caudal or sacral canal. (lymphedemapeople.com)
9,10 Partial alteration of AV nodal conduction with radiofrequency ablation to avoid pacemaker implantation has resulted in improvement in ventricular rate control, although high-grade AV block is a frequent complication. (ahajournals.org)
Subarachnoid Radicular Conduction Block), Principles and Technique . (annals.org)
bundle branch block (BBB) a form of heart block involving delay or failure of conduction in one of the branches in the bundle of His, as determined by an electrocardiogram. (thefreedictionary.com)
bundle branch block, complete heart block characterized by absence of conduction in a bundle branch or conduction delay, causing ventricular activation to occur largely or exclusively through the contralateral bundle. (thefreedictionary.com)
bundle branch block, incomplete heart block characterized by delayed conduction within a bundle branch, resulting in a delay in activation of the ipsilateral ventricle. (thefreedictionary.com)
caudal block caudal anesthesia . (thefreedictionary.com)
entrance block a zone of depressed conduction surrounding a pacemaker focus, protecting it from discharge by an extraneous impulse but not necessarily from discharges by electrotonic influences. (thefreedictionary.com)
Local anesthetics produce a transient block of nerve conduction by interfering with sodium channels. (medscape.com)
Infiltration Plexus block Adverse effects depend on the local anesthetic method and site of administration discussed in depth in the local anesthetic sub-article, but overall, adverse effects can be: localized prolonged anesthesia or paresthesia due to infection, hematoma, excessive fluid pressure in a confined cavity, and severing of nerves & support tissue during injection. (wikipedia.org)
During the heart block, a new anterograded pathway formed to start the conduction. (medhelp.org)
2 Shortly after, in that same year of 1884, William S. Halsted introduced conduction anesthesia by using cocaine to block the inferior alveolar nerve. (fauchard.org)
Does anyone here have a dog that experienced an atrioventricular block (second degree in this case) while under anesthesia? (bordercollie.org)
Bradycardia (treatment)-Isoproterenol is indicated for the temporary control of hemodynamically significant bradycardia, such as bradycardia associated with a denervated transplanted heart or third degree heart block due to conduction system disease. (drugs.com)

Combining great sound quality with an incredibly comfortable design, BONEBRIDGE uses advanced bone conduction technology to bring sound into your world. (medel.com)
Using bone conduction to bring sound straight to your inner ear, BONEBRIDGE ensures natural sound quality so that you never miss a moment. (medel.com)
BONEBRIDGE is also the only active bone conduction implant that is placed fully under the skin-in fact, you won't even realise it's there! (medel.com)
BONEBRIDGE users tell us how their bone conduction implant has not only improved their hearing, but also their lives-at work, at home, and with friends and family. (medel.com)
BONEBRIDGE is the only active bone conduction implant that is fully implanted under the skin. (medel.com)
Here's an outline of the process of receiving a bone conduction implant. (medel.com)
First, you'll undergo routine assessments to ensure you're a candidate for a bone conduction implant, and if there are any additional factors your implant team should consider. (medel.com)

An old method was caudal anesthesia , which involved injecting the agent into the sacral hiatus. (thefreedictionary.com)

basal anesthesia a reversible state of central nervous system depression produced by preliminary medication so that the inhalation of anesthetic necessary to produce surgical anesthesia is greatly reduced. (thefreedictionary.com)
b) n a state of narcosis, induced before the administration of a general anesthetic, that permits the production of states of surgical anesthesia with greatly reduced amounts of general anesthetic agents. (lymphedemapeople.com)

MUA may be performed while the patient is under twilight anesthesia (sedated but not unconscious) or general anesthesia. (spineuniverse.com)

Compared with neuraxial anesthesia, general anesthesia for cesarean delivery is associated with increased risk of maternal adverse events. (medscape.com)
Compared with neuraxial anesthesia, avoidable general anesthetics are associated with increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes. (medscape.com)

However, use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery may be clinically indicated in women with specific preexisting or pregnancy-associated conditions ( e.g. , severe heart valve stenosis), in high-risk obstetrical situations ( e.g. , morbidly adherent placenta), or in women with contraindications to neuraxial techniques ( e.g. , coagulation factor deficit). (medscape.com)

This book describes how to perform nerve conduction studies and electromyography in children, and explains the relevant physiology and anatomy crucial to making a diagnosis. (worldcat.org)
What is the definition or description of: nerve conduction and electromyography? (healthtap.com)

Covers common cardiovascular disorders and practical treatment methods for cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, cardiopulmonary arrest, as well as procedures for resuscitation. (elsevier.com)
The latest coverage on common cardiovascular disorders and practical treatment methods addresses topics, such as: cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, cardiopulmonary arrest, and more. (whsmith.co.uk)
Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances 18. (whsmith.co.uk)

Five adverse events were analyzed: (1) the composite outcome of death or cardiac arrest, (2) anesthesia-related complications, (3) severe anesthesia-related complications, (4) surgical site infections, and (5) venous thromboembolic events (Supplemental Digital Content Table 2, http://links.lww.com/ALN/B862 ). (medscape.com)
Adverse events included anesthesia complications (systemic, neuraxial-related, and drug-related), surgical site infection, venous thromboembolism, and the composite of death or cardiac arrest. (medscape.com)

The local anesthesia is often injected deep into the skin or other surface. (3-rx.com)
A local anesthesia induced by injecting the local anesthetic agent close to the nerve trunk, at some distance from the operative field. (lymphedemapeople.com)
a) Local anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic solution in the area of terminal nerve endings. (lymphedemapeople.com)
Local anesthesia is also used during insertion of IV devices, such as pacemakers and implantable defibrillators, ports used for giving chemotherapy medications and hemodialysis access catheters. (wikipedia.org)
Local anesthetic s provide restricted anesthesia because they are administered to the peripheral sensory nerves innervating a region, usually by injection. (britannica.com)
Concerns about the negative effects that systemic drugs may have on the mother and newborn have led to heavy reliance on local anesthesia. (britannica.com)
Local anesthesia involves loss of sensation in one area of the body by the blockage of conduction in nerves. (britannica.com)
Conduction anesthesia in which a local anesthetic is injected about the peripheral nerves. (dictionary.com)
Depending on the tumor's size and location, you may need local or general anesthesia during the biopsy. (mayoclinic.org)
Surface anesthesia also facilitates some endoscopic procedures such as bronchoscopy (visualization of the lower airways) or cystoscopy (visualization of the inner surface of the bladder) Edema of tongue, pharynx and larynx may develop as a side effect of local anaesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
The following terms are often used interchangeably: Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin. (wikipedia.org)
A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible local anesthesia and a loss of nociception. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike other forms of anesthesia, a local can be used for a minor procedure in a surgeon's office as it does not put you into a state of unconsciousness. (wikipedia.org)
local anesthesia In turn citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. (wikipedia.org)
Although used clinically as a racemic mixture, S (−)-bupivacaine appears less toxic than the R (+)-enantiomer despite at least equal potency for local anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)
4 Indeed, several local anesthetics also exhibit class I antiarrhythmic actions on the myocardium at lower concentrations than those used for local anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)
Voltage-gated sodium channels are one of the most fundamental electrical components in the nervous system and are key targets for local anesthesia and therapeutics for neurological and cardiac disorders. (pnas.org)

In vivo changes in canine ventricular cardiac conduction during halothane anesthesia. (biomedsearch.com)

In preparing for a medical procedure, the clinician chooses one or more drugs to achieve the types and degree of anesthesia characteristics appropriate for the type of procedure and the particular patient. (wikipedia.org)
The risks of complications during or after anesthesia are often difficult to separate from those of the procedure for which anesthesia is being given, but in the main they are related to three factors: the health of the patient, the complexity (and stress) of the procedure itself, and the anaesthetic technique. (wikipedia.org)
The goal of anesthesia is to achieve the endpoints required for the given surgical procedure with the least risk to the patient. (wikipedia.org)
The requirement is typically based on the levels of anesthesia used and/or complexity of procedure performed. (aapc.com)
Manipulation under anesthesia is a subspecialty procedure. (spineuniverse.com)

compression anesthesia loss of sensation resulting from pressure on a nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
crossed anesthesia loss of sensation on one side of the face and loss of pain and temperature sense on the opposite side of the body. (thefreedictionary.com)

Causes of deafness can be divided into either conduction disturbances or sensorineural disturbances. (petplace.com)

Reducing avoidable general anesthetics for cesarean delivery may improve safety of obstetric anesthesia care. (medscape.com)
Use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery has consequently markedly decreased during the last decade. (medscape.com)
To date, most of the research on general anesthesia for cesarean delivery has examined general anesthesia as a whole without individualizing situations in which general anesthesia was not clinically indicated. (medscape.com)
In many situations, such as cesarean section, it is safer and therefore superior to general anesthesia. (wikipedia.org)

central anesthesia lack of sensation caused by disease of the nerve centers. (thefreedictionary.com)
General anesthesia suppresses central nervous system activity and results in unconsciousness and total lack of sensation , using either injected or inhaled drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Glove and stocking anesthesia in hands and feet with areas of impaired sensation on forearms and legs. (uab.edu)

In this situation, conduction in both motor and sensory fibres is blocked, enabling procedures to be carried out on a limb while the patient remains conscious. (britannica.com)
Neuropathy assessments at 16, 24 and 36 weeks demonstrated that DIO and DIO-STZ mice displayed decreased motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities as early as 16 weeks, hypoalgesia by 24 weeks and cutaneous nerve fiber loss by 36 weeks, relative to control mice fed a standard diet. (biologists.org)

Anesthesia complications were defined as severe if associated with death, organ failure, or prolonged hospital stay. (medscape.com)

Nerve conduction studies evaluate the function of the peripheral nerves. (vcahospitals.com)
Nerve conduction studies measure how well and how fast the nerves can send electrical signals. (healthtap.com)

however, bupivacaine provides superior duration of anesthesia for irrigation, wound exploration, and debridement as compared to shorter-acting anesthetics. (medscape.com)

Anesthesia-related complications were divided into three groups: (1) systemic complications, (2) complications related to neuraxial techniques, and (3) complications related to anesthetic drugs. (medscape.com)

To ensure that subtle changes in NCV are reliably assayed and not directly or indirectly affected by anesthesia, we compared the effects of 4 commonly used anesthetics, isoflurane, ketamine/xylazine, sodium pentobarbital and 2-2-2 tribromoethanol on NCV in a commonly used rodent model, the C57Bl6/J mouse. (nih.gov)
Our results indicate that of the anesthetics tested, isoflurane has minimal impact on NCV and is the safest, most effective method of anesthesia. (nih.gov)

In certain instances, it is desirable to provide anesthesia at a point in a patient's tissue proximate to a nerve. (google.com)

[ 9 , 10 ] Further reduction in this rate could be a potential area for clinical interventions to improve the safety and quality of obstetric anesthesia care and reduce anesthesia-related morbidity. (medscape.com)

Anesthesia enables the painless performance of medical procedures that would otherwise cause severe or intolerable pain to an unanesthetized patient, or would otherwise be technically unfeasible. (wikipedia.org)
A form of anesthesia of the hand which entailed very severe muscle spasm was produced. (dtic.mil)
General anesthesia provides strict immobility, protects the airway and avoids emergency intubation in case of severe procedural complication (notably vomiting and aspiration). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Waxy debris occluding the ear canal, tympanic membrane, and severe ear infections are all examples of diseases causing conduction deafness. (petplace.com)

In many situations, such as a C-section, conduction anesthesia is safer and therefore preferable to general anesthesia. (lymphedemapeople.com)
However, conduction anesthesia may be preferable because of superior pain control and fewer side effects. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy39

Organisms6

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment68

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care12

Command-related distribution of regional cerebral blood flow during attempted handgrip. (1/262)

Carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia. (2/262)

Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block) in a dog. (3/262)

Effects of general and locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcome for in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis. (4/262)

Severe vasovagal attack during regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. (5/262)

The effect of anesthetic technique on postoperative outcomes in hip fracture repair. (6/262)

Ophthalmic regional anesthesia: medial canthus episcleral (sub-tenon) anesthesia is more efficient than peribulbar anesthesia: A double-blind randomized study. (7/262)

General versus regional anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. (8/262)

Neural Conduction

Anesthesia, General

Anesthesia

Heart Conduction System

Anesthesia, Local

Anesthesia, Spinal

Anesthesia, Epidural

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Anesthesia, Conduction

Anesthesia, Intravenous

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Anesthesia Recovery Period

Anesthesia, Dental

Atrioventricular Node

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Propofol

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Anesthetics, Local

Isoflurane

Methyl Ethers

Heart Block

Anesthesiology

Lidocaine

Anesthetics, Combined

Anesthetics

Monitoring, Intraoperative

Halothane

Nitrous Oxide

Electrocardiography

Action Potentials

Nerve Block

Bone Conduction

Median Nerve

Bupivacaine

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit

Arrhythmias, Cardiac

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial

Ulnar Nerve

Fentanyl

Anesthetics, General

Ketamine

Thiopental

Refractory Period, Electrophysiological

Preanesthetic Medication

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Anesthesia, Caudal

Peripheral Nerves

Enflurane

Heart Atria

Electrophysiology

Dogs

Anesthetics, Dissociative

Time Factors

Pentobarbital

Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac

Electric Stimulation

Tibial Nerve

Atrioventricular Block

Xylazine

Intubation, Intratracheal

Anesthesia Department, Hospital

Heart Rate

Electrodiagnosis

Sural Nerve

Axons

Conscious Sedation

Aphasia, Conduction

Atrial Flutter

Sciatic Nerve

Anesthesia, Intratracheal

Intraoperative Complications

Catheter Ablation

Purkinje Fibers

Sinoatrial Node

Intraoperative Period

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Pain, Postoperative

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Electromyography