Anesthesia caudal. Medical search

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

Pain during the period after surgery.

The period during a surgical operation.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)

A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.

A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.

An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.

Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.

Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.

Books designed to give factual information or instructions.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.

Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.

Procedure in which arterial blood pressure is intentionally reduced in order to control blood loss during surgery. This procedure is performed either pharmacologically or by pre-surgical removal of blood.

Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Facilities equipped for performing surgery.

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals.

The period following a surgical operation.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Professional nurses who have completed postgraduate training in the administration of anesthetics and who function under the responsibility of the operating surgeon.

Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.

A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.

Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.

The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.

Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.

A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four CERVICAL SPINAL CORD segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head. It also distributes motor fibers to muscles of the cervical SPINAL COLUMN, infrahyoid muscles, and the DIAPHRAGM.

A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.

The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of, nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object.

Operative procedures performed on the SKIN.

The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.

Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

Dental care for the emotionally, mentally, or physically disabled patient. It does not include dental care for the chronically ill ( = DENTAL CARE FOR CHRONICALLY ILL).

A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.

An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).

Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.

Investigations conducted on the physical health of teeth involving use of a tool that transmits hot or cold electric currents on a tooth's surface that can determine problems with that tooth based on reactions to the currents.

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.

An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.

A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.

The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.

A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.

Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR DISABLED.

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

Devices for the compression of a blood vessel by application around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

The process of minimizing risk to an organization by developing systems to identify and analyze potential hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences, and by attempting to handle events and incidents which do occur in such a manner that their effect and cost are minimized. Effective risk management has its greatest benefits in application to insurance in order to avert or minimize financial liability. (From Slee & Slee: Health care terms, 2d ed)

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body.

Evaluation, planning, and use of a range of procedures and airway devices for the maintenance or restoration of a patient's ventilation.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)

The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of eight (8) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction by causing sustained depolarization of the motor end plate. These agents are primarily used as adjuvants in surgical anesthesia to cause skeletal muscle relaxation.

Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Hospital unit providing continuous monitoring of the patient following anesthesia.

A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.

Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.

Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.

A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.

The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The dose-response of caudal ropivacaine in children. (1/65)

BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine, a new local anesthetic, is less cardiotoxic in adults and is less likely to cause motor blockade than is bupivacaine. The authors evaluated the clinical effectiveness and hemodynamic effects of ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine and the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine when given for caudal blocks in 56 children 4.1 +/- 1.2 yr old (mean +/- SD). METHODS: Patients scheduled for inguinal hernia repair were randomly given a caudal injection (0.75 ml/kg) of ropivacaine, 0.25% (R0.25 group); ropivacaine, 0.5% (R0.5 group); or bupivacaine, 0.25% (B0.25 group). Postoperative measurements included the duration of analgesia, which was our primary outcome variable, and hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring for 4 h in the recovery room. Thereafter, analgesic requirements for the following 24 h were assessed by an independent observer on the ward using an observational pain-discomfort scale, which gives a cumulative score from 5 to 15 to estimate the quality of analgesia by assessment of behavioral objective parameters. Plasma levels of ropivacaine were measured before the procedure was started and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 45 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after caudal block. RESULTS: A significantly longer (P < 0.0001) duration of analgesia (median [range]) was observed in the R0.5 group (1,440 [335-1,440] min), whereas the R0.25 group (208 [175-340] min) and the B0.25 group (220 [100-390] min) were comparable. All groups showed a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate from baseline values, but differences between groups were not observed. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine is well tolerated and provides effective analgesia when given for caudal blockade in small children for inguinal hernia repair. (+info)

Confirmation of caudal needle placement using nerve stimulation. (2/65)

BACKGROUND: The study was designed to examine a new method of confirming proper caudal needle placement using nerve stimulation. METHODS: Thirty-two pediatric patients were studied. A 22-gauge insulated needle was inserted into the caudal canal via the sacral notch until a "pop" was felt. The needle placement was classified as correct or incorrect depending upon the presence or absence of anal sphincter contraction (S2-S4) to electrical simulation (1 to 10 mA). RESULTS: Three patients were excluded, two because they inadvertently received neuromuscular blockers and one because the patient's anatomy precluded any attempt at a caudal block. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 100% in predicting clinical outcomes of the caudal block. Six patients had a negative stimulation test after the first attempt to place the needle. Four of these went on to receive a second attempt of needle insertion after a subcutaneous bulge or resistance to local anesthetic injection were observed. Following needle reinsertion, positive stimulation tests were elicited. These patients received the local anesthetic injection with ease and had good analgesia postoperatively. No attempt was made to reinsert the needle in the remaining two patients with a negative stimulation test, as they did not show subcutaneous bulge or resistance upon injection. These patients had poor analgesia postoperatively. The positive predictive value of the test was greater than the presence of a "pop" alone (P < 0.05) but not significantly different (P = 0.492) over the presence of "pop" and easy injection. CONCLUSION: This test may be used as a teaching and adjuvant tool in performing caudal block. (+info)

Caudal block in children: ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine. (3/65)

BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine provides reliable, long-lasting anesthesia and analgesia when given via the caudal route. Ropivacaine is a newer, long-acting local anesthetic that (at a concentration providing similar pain relief) has less motor nerve blockade and may have less cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine. METHODS: In a double-blind trial, 81 healthy children, undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures, were randomly allocated to receive caudal analgesia with either bupivacaine or ropivacaine, 0.25%, 1 mVkg. All blocks were placed by an attending anesthesiologist or an anesthesia fellow after induction of general anesthesia. RESULTS: Data were available for 75 children. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics or in anesthesia, surgery, recovery room, or day surgery unit durations. The quality and duration of postoperative pain relief did not differ. Motor and sensory effects were similar. Time to first micturition did not differ. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) provided adequate postoperative analgesia with no difference from bupivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) in quality and duration of pain relief, motor and sensory effects, or time to first micturition in our study children. (+info)

S(+)-ketamine for caudal block in paediatric anaesthesia. (4/65)

We have evaluated the intra- and postoperative analgesic efficacy of preservative-free S(+)-ketamine compared with bupivacaine for caudal block in paediatric hernia repair. After induction of general anaesthesia, 49 children undergoing hernia repair were given a caudal injection (0.75 ml kg-1) of S(+)-ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1 (group K1), S(+)-ketamine 1.0 mg kg-1 (group K2) or 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 (group B). No additional analgesic drugs were required during operation in any of the groups. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables remained stable during the observation period. Mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in groups B and K2 compared with group K1 (300 (SD 96) min and 273 (123) min vs 203 (117) min; P < 0.05). Groups B and K2 required less analgesics in the postoperative period compared with group K1 (30% and 33% vs 72%; P < 0.05). Postoperative sedation scores were comparable between the three groups. We conclude that S(+)-ketamine 1.0 mg kg-1 for caudal block in children produced surgical and postoperative analgesia equivalent to that of bupivacaine. (+info)

Caudal clonidine for postoperative analgesia in adults. (5/65)

We have assessed the analgesic efficacy and side effects of caudally administered clonidine in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We studied 64 adult patients undergoing elective haemorrhoidectomy. Caudal block was performed in all patients using a mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 35 mg with 2% lidocaine 140 mg and epinephrine 5 micrograms ml-1. Patients were allocated randomly to one of two groups. Clonidine 75 micrograms was added in group C and saline 1 ml in group S. Median time to first analgesic requirements was significantly longer in group C (mean 729 (SD 120) min) than in group S (276 (131) min) (P = 0.01). Bradycardia occurred in seven patients in group C but did not affect mean arterial pressure. (+info)

Fissurectomy as a treatment for anal fissures in children. (6/65)

INTRODUCTION: Anal fissures, characterised by painful defecation and rectal bleeding, are common in both children and infants. A significant proportion are resistant to simple laxative therapy, and no simple surgical treatment has been described which does not risk compromising sphincteric function. This study reports the initial experience of fissurectomy as a treatment of this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 36 month period, 37 children with an anal fissure were treated by fissurectomy. There were 14 boys and 23 girls, with an age range of 17 weeks to 12 years. Fissurectomy was performed under general anaesthetic, with additional caudal anaesthesia. Stay sutures were used to avoid the need for an anal retractor, thereby preventing stretching of the internal anal sphincter. Of the 37 operations, 36 (97%) were performed as day cases and all children were discharged on laxative therapy. RESULTS: At review, 6 weeks postoperatively, 30 (81%) were asymptomatic. Six (16%) patients were symptomatic; however, 4 of these had failed to comply with the postoperative laxative regimen. One patient failed follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fissurectomy is a successful treatment for anal fissures, when combined with postoperative laxative therapy. As dilatation of the internal anal sphincter is not involved, the risk of iatrogenic faecal incontinence is obviated. (+info)

Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after caudal block in 1-8 year old children. (7/65)

We studied the pharmacokinetics after caudal block of ropivacaine (2 mg ml-1, 1 ml kg-1) performed in 20 children aged 1-8 yr undergoing subumbilical surgery, in this open, non-comparative, multicentre study. Venous blood samples were collected up to 12-36 h. The mean (SD) peak plasma concentration, 0.47 (0.16) mg litre-1, was achieved after 12-249 min. The free fraction was 5% and the highest individual peak plasma concentration of free ropivacaine was 0.04 mg litre-1. Clearance was 7.4 (1.9) ml min-1 kg-1 and the terminal half-life 3.2 (0.8) h. Thus, the free plasma concentrations of ropivacaine were well below those associated with toxic symptoms in adults and the capacity to eliminate ropivacaine seems to be well developed in this age group. In this open study of 20 patients, ropivacaine was well tolerated and provided satisfactory postoperative pain relief without observable motor block. (+info)

Newborn blood levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine in the first postnatal day following maternal epidural anesthesia. (8/65)

Distribution and elimination of lidocaine and mepivacaine were studies in 114 subjects after obstetric epidural anesthesia, Epinephrine significantly lowered the concentrations of lidocaine in the mothers' circulations by about 33 per cent, and the concentrations of mepivacaine by about 22 per cent. It also significantly altered their concentrations in the newborns' circulations at delivery and in the first 4 hours after birth. More mepivacaine than lidocaine crossed the placenta. The mepivacaine concentration in the cord blood was 36 to 47 per cent higher, and the mean fetal to maternal ratio for mepivacaine without epinephrine was 0.64, in contrast to 0.52 for the equivalent lidocaine group. Of importance was the long persistance of either drug in the newborns' circulation. Detectable levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine were present until 8 and 24 hours after birth, respectively. Pharmacokinetic models revealed that the long-term rate of disappearance of lidocaine was approximately three times as fast as that of mepivacaine. Computed half-times averaged 3 hours for lidocaine and 9 hours for mepivacaine. (+info)

"Continuous Caudal Anesthesia in Obstetrics". American Journal of Surgery. American Journal of Surgery. Retrieved July 15, 2019 ... With the help of colleague Waldo B. Edwards, he also developed the continuous caudal anesthesia epidural administration to ... "The Western Reserve Anesthesia Machine, Oxygen Inhalator, And Resuscitator". Jama Network. Robert Hingson. Retrieved July 15, ... His awards include the Labat Award from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and the President's Volunteer Action Award ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrew_Hingson

... and caudal anesthesia is presently the most common and safest modality for anesthesia in pregnant women. Early recognition of ... Greenhill, J.P. (September 7, 1944). "Manual Dilatation of the Cervix Under Caudal Anesthesia". American Journal of Obstetrics ... by procaine spinal anesthesia)". The study demonstrated that neuraxial anesthesia could be safely used to alleviate the pain of ... While spinal anesthesia would go on to be indispensable in the world of obstetrics, manual cervical dilation would fall out of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_A._Perrotta

In 1941, Robert Hingson and Waldo Edwards recorded the use of continuous caudal anesthesia using an indwelling needle, ... Edwards WB, Hingson RA (1942). "Continuous caudal anesthesia in obstetrics". American Journal of Surgery. 57 (3): 459-64. doi: ... 42: 483-5. Marx GF (1994). "The first spinal anesthesia. Who deserves the laurels?". Regional Anesthesia. 19 (6): 429-30. PMID ... following which they described the use of a flexible catheter for continuous caudal anesthesia in a woman in labor in 1942. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_administration

... the caudal approach to epidural anesthesia in 1901; and Fidel Pages, the lumbar epidural approach in 1921. In 1921, the first ... regional anesthesia, transplant anesthesia and trauma anesthesia. Obstetric anesthesiologists typically serve as consultants to ... Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology, also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology is a sub-specialty ... Anesthesia for cesarean sections (C-sections) most commonly uses neuraxial (regional) anesthesia due to its better safety ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology

... such as spinal anesthesia, caudal anesthesia, and epidural anesthesia. The technique is used in surgery, obstetrics, and for ... History of neuraxial anesthesia Miller's Anesthesia (8 ed.). Elsevier. 2015. pp. 1684-1720. Basics of Anesthesia (7 ed.). ... Neuraxial anesthesia refers to local anesthetics placed around the nerves of the central nervous system, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuraxial_blockade

Another feature identified with Malpuech syndrome is a caudal appendage. A caudal appendage is a congenital outgrowth stemming ... Successful general anesthesia followed. A rare follow-up of a male with Malpuech syndrome was presented by Priolo et al. (2007 ... For regional anesthesia, methods like spinal blocking are more difficult where scoliosis is present. In a 2010 report by ... Methods like tracheal intubation for management of the airway during general anesthesia can be hampered by the even smaller, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpuech_facial_clefting_syndrome

It is the most commonly used local anesthetic in epidural anesthesia during labor, as well as in postoperative pain management ... Bupivacaine is indicated for local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, sympathetic nerve block, and epidural and caudal ... However, it is approved for use at term in obstetrical anesthesia. Bupivacaine is excreted in breast milk. Risks of ... The 0.75% formulation is contraindicated in epidural anesthesia during labor because of the association with refractory cardiac ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine

Spinal, epidural and caudal anesthesia[edit]. Further information: Neuraxial blockade and History of neuraxial anesthesia ... epidural and caudal anesthesia).. *Topical anesthesia: local anesthetics that are specially formulated to diffuse through the ... The following are the types of regional anesthesia:[2]:926-931 *Infiltrative anesthesia: a small amount of local anesthetic is ... Sedation (also referred to as dissociative anesthesia or twilight anesthesia) creates hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

... anesthesia, caudal MeSH E03.155.086.231 - anesthesia, local MeSH E03.155.086.331 - anesthesia, spinal MeSH E03.155.086.711 - ... anesthesia, general MeSH E03.155.197.197 - anesthesia, inhalation MeSH E03.155.197.197.280 - anesthesia, closed-circuit MeSH ... anesthesia, intratracheal MeSH E03.155.308 - anesthesia, intravenous MeSH E03.155.364 - anesthesia, obstetrical MeSH E03.155. ... anesthesia, conduction MeSH E03.155.086.131 - anesthesia, epidural MeSH E03.155.086.131.100 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E03)

... is used for regional anaesthesia including spinal anaesthesia, caudal anaesthesia and epidural anesthesia It is ... Chestnut: Obstetric Anesthesia, 3rd ed, p333. Hughes: Anesthesia for Obstetrics, 4th ed, p75.. ... mandibular nerve block or maxillary nerve block for dental anesthesia, ophthalmic anesthesia via infraorbital nerve block, ... "Chloroprocaine spinal anesthesia: back to the future?". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 100 (2): 549-52. doi:10.1213/01.ANE. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprocaine

... repair is done under general anesthesia, most often supplemented by a nerve block to the penis or a caudal block to ... reduce the general anesthesia needed, and to minimize discomfort after surgery.[citation needed] Many techniques have been used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias

Edwards, WB; Hingson, RA (1942). "Continuous caudal anesthesia in obstetrics". American Journal of Surgery. 57 (3): 459-64. doi ... Caudal epidural analgesia[edit]. The caudal approach to the epidural space involves the use of a Tuohy needle, an intravenous ... Marx GF (1994). "The first spinal anesthesia. Who deserves the laurels?". Regional Anesthesia. 19 (6): 429-30. PMID 7848956.. ... There is less chances of hypotension after epidural anesthesia as compared to spinal anesthesia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_anesthesia

Vasoconstrictors mixed with local anesthetics are used to increase the duration of local anesthesia by constricting the blood ... "Thromboxane A2-induced contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle involves activation of Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ ... "Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia". Anesth Prog. 42 (3-4): 116-20. PMC 2148913. PMID 8934977 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstriction

... caudal block in pediatric populations and anesthesia for robot-assisted surgery. New video segments were created for the ... Miller's Anesthesia Review Anesthetic Pharmacology: Physiologic Principles and Clinical Practice Miller's Anesthesia. W B ... Major updates include ten new chapters covering robot-administered anesthesia, non-operating room anesthesia, non-opioid ... Lalonde, Geneviève (9 January 2015). "Miller's Anesthesia, Eighth Edition". Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 62 (5): 558-559. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller's_Anesthesia

"Continuous Caudal Anesthesia During Labor and Delivery". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 21: 301-11. doi:10.1213/00000539-194201000- ... to study the use of continuous caudal anesthesia for analgesia during childbirth. Hingson and Edwards studied the caudal region ... The first use of continuous caudal anesthesia in a laboring woman was on January 6, 1942, when the wife of a United States ... With the use of continuous caudal anesthesia, the woman and her baby survived. The first described placement of a lumbar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_neuraxial_anesthesia

In lambs, tail docking at the distal end of the caudal folds tends to minimize docking effects on incidence of rectal prolapse ... Routine tail-docking without anesthesia is illegal in the EU. The practice continues among large US pig producers. Many breeds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docking_(animal)

"Manuel Martinez Curbelo And Continuous Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia" (PDF). Bulletin of Anesthesia History. 22 (4): 1-8. doi: ... In 1931, Aburel was the first to describe blocking the lumbar plexus during early labor, followed by a caudal epidural ... History of neuraxial anesthesia Collis, Rachel E.; Urquhart, John; Plaat, Felicity (2002). Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Aburel

Anesthesia (2000): 55: 208-211 Haslam, N., Parker, L., and Duggan, J.E. Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy ... The slender ventral half, and the most caudal of the palpable laryngeal landmarks, is also referred to as the anterior cricoid ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 49(5), 503-507. Palmer, JHM, Ball, D.R. The effect of cricoids pressure on the cricoids ... Anesthesia (2005): 60: 41-47 Hocking, G., Roberts, F.L., Thew, M.E. Airway obstruction with cricoids pressure and lateral tilt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricoid_cartilage

If the cyst is located in the caudal maxillary sinus, it may cause the eyeball on the affected side to bulge out of the orbit, ... or under general anesthesia. Treatment involves surgical removal of the cyst and any of the involved lining of the concha. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_nasal_cysts

Structures that can be identified include the aorta, caudal pole of the left kidney, nephrosplenic ligament, caudal border of ... At times anesthesia and a rolling procedure, in which the horse is placed in left lateral recumbency and rolled to right ... Additionally, compression can place pressure on the caudal vena cava, leading to pooling of blood and hypovolemia. However, ... It may be performed standing or under general anesthesia, and is less invasive than an exploratory celiotomy (abdominal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_colic

Activity (limb movement) will be affected by regional or caudal anaesthesia. Temperature, urine output, oral intake, blood ... the Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia and 1989 he established a well-known pain management clinic in Florida. By 1999, he ... Aldrete's scoring system is a commonly used scale for determining when people can be safely discharged from the post-anesthesia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrete's_scoring_system

For a front leg, this is when the lower leg is in front of the horse, i.e. angled forward, while the caudal phase is when the ... However, standing MRI tends to be cheaper, and it eliminates the risks of general anesthesia, such as further damage to the ... For a hind leg, the cranial phase occurs when the lower leg is under the body of the horse, and the caudal phase is when the ... A normal horse with have a cranial phase and a caudal phase of equal length: the horse will bring the leg as far forward as it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lameness_(equine)

Treatment is possible in an emergency department under local anesthesia, but it is highly preferred to be formally admitted to ... Supralevator abscess forms from cephalad extension of the intersphincteric abscess above the levator ani or from caudal ... a hospital and to have the surgery performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. Generally speaking, a fairly small ... usually experiences an almost complete relief of the severe pain associated to his/her abscess upon waking from anesthesia; the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorectal_abscess

The formation of the uterovaginal canal is thought to occur from the caudal to the cephalic portion, all while the urogenital ... therefore requiring no surgery or anesthesia. The procedure/technique can take months to complete, with regular compliance ... Females who have both Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster-Hauser syndrome and uterovaginal atresia are theorized to have a failing caudal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_atresia

Under general or local anesthesia, the surgeon works through the nostrils, making an incision in the lining of the septum to ... Dropped nasal tip due to resection of the caudal margin. Rhinoplasty, surgery involving the entire nose Turbinectomy Empty nose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoplasty

Tsai, Tony; Greengrass, Roy (2007). "Spinal Anesthesia". In Hadzic, Admir (ed.). Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain ... while axons from the heart also inhibit sympathetic nervous activity via the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and possibly ... Spinal anesthesia: The Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been suggested as a possible cause of profound bradycardia and circulatory ... Miller's Anesthesia Ch.52 Pg. 1642 Smith, M. L. (May 1994). "Mechanisms of vasovagal syncope: relevance to postflight ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezold–Jarisch_reflex

Epidural anesthesia by a caudal approach had been known in the early 20th century, but a well-defined technique using lumbar ... epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia). *Abdominal surgery (epidural anesthesia/spinal anesthesia, often ... Dentistry (surface anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia or intraligamentary anesthesia during restorative operations such as ... Local anesthesia of body cavities includes intrapleural anesthesia and intra-articular anesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic

The costiform is lateral, the mammillary is superior (cranial), and the accessory is inferior (caudal). The mammillary is ... "Virtual Spine - Online Learning Resource". Toronto Western Hospital Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstrictors

"Toronto Western Hospital Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management. Retrieved February 15, 2017.. ... caudal). The mammillary is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process.[clarification ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is the caudal part of the cingulate cortex, located posterior to the anterior cingulate ... Latasch, L; Christ, R (March 1988). "[Problems in anesthesia of drug addicts]". Der Anaesthesist. 37 (3): 123-39. PMID 3289412. ... In a study involving autobiographical recollection, the caudal part of the left PCC was the only brain structure highly active ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_cingulate_cortex

Treatment is possible in an emergency department under local anesthesia, but it is highly preferred to be formally admitted to ... Supralevator abscess forms from cephalad extension of the intersphincteric abscess above the levator ani or from caudal ... usually experiences an almost complete relief of the severe pain associated to his/her abscess upon waking from anesthesia; the ... a hospital and to have the surgery performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_abscess

... glaucoma CATCH 22 syndrome Catecholamine hypertension Catel-Manzke syndrome Caudal appendage deafness Caudal duplication Caudal ... transport disease Coproporhyria Cor biloculare Cor pulmonale Cor triatriatum Cormier-Rustin-Munnich syndrome Corneal anesthesia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

The caudal end of the male was asymmetrically alate and bore 10 pairs of papillae and two phasmidal apertures." The average ... A small female Gongylonema worm was surgically removed from her cheek mucosa under local anesthesia, and follow up treatment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongylonema_pulchrum

Severe back pain Saddle anesthesia (see diagram), i.e., anesthesia or paraesthesia involving S3 to S5 dermatomes, including the ... This degeneration causes compressions in soft tissues and nerve root locations in the ultimate caudal area of the medulla, ... Sexual dysfunction Absent anal reflex and bulbocavernosus reflex Gait disturbance Severe back pain, saddle anesthesia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauda_equina_syndrome

Johnson, Joel O. (2013), "Autonomic Nervous System Physiology", Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia, Elsevier, pp. 208- ... caudal lumbar ganglia and sacral ganglia Prevertebral ganglia (celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, superior mesenteric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system

Use of regional anesthesia (with the recommendation of using a combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia) for laparoscopic ... In case of reverse Trendelenburg position, pulmonary function tends to improve as there is caudal shifting of viscera, which ... surgery, as opposed to general anesthesia required for many non-laparascopic procedures, can produce fewer complications and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopy

Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect, and are commonly used as anesthesia-enhancers in surgery, as well as in ... Noradrenergic cell group A1 is located in the caudal ventrolateral part of the medulla, and plays a role in the control of body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine

Definition of caudal anesthesia. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and definitions ... caudal anesthesia. Definition: regional anesthesia by injection of local anesthetic solution into the epidural space through ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/caudal-anesthesia.html

The technique pre-dated the lumbar approach to epidural block by several years.1 Caudal anesthesia, however, did not gain in ... Caudal anesthesia was described at the turn of last century by two French physicians, Fernand Cathelin and Jean-Anthanase ... of ropivacaine for caudal anesthesia in patients undergoing anorectal surgery found that the MLAC for caudal anesthesia in ... who used it in obstetrical anesthesia. Caudal epidural anesthesia has many applications, including surgical anesthesia in ...

https://www.nysora.com/techniques/neuraxial-and-perineuraxial-techniques/caudal-anesthesia/

... caudal anesthesia explanation. Define caudal anesthesia by Websters Dictionary, WordNet Lexical Database, Dictionary of ... Caudal. caudal anaesthesia. -- caudal anesthesia --. caudal appendage. caudal block. caudal fin. caudal vertebra. caudally. ... caudal anesthesia Noun. 1.. caudal anesthesia - regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the caudal ... end of the spinal canal; now largely replaced by epidural anesthesia. Synonyms: caudal anaesthesia, caudal block ...

https://webster-dictionary.org/definition/caudal%20anesthesia

Caudal anesthesia is given to relieve pain below the waist. Learn more about this procedure. ... What Is Caudal Anesthesia?. Caudal anesthesia is given with general anesthesia to block pain in the legs, low back, belly and ... Fast Facts About General Anesthesia With Caudal Anesthesia. *Your childs surgery will be done under general anesthesia (an-es- ... General Anesthesia with Caudal Anesthesia. At Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, we believe parents and guardians can ...

https://www.chp.edu/our-services/anesthesiology/patient-procedures/caudal-anesthesia

Association of Different Doses of Clonidine in Caudal Epidural Anesthesia for Hypospadias Surgery (clonidine). The safety and ... Mauch J, Weiss M. [Pediatric caudal anesthesia: importance and aspects of safety concerns]. Schmerz. 2012 Aug;26(4):443-53; ... Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with morphine or clonidine, or supplemented with morphine plus clonidine in children undergoing ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02769390

Postoperative Analgesia by Epidural vs IV Ketamine Concurrent With Caudal Anesthesia in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery. The ... epidural s(+)-ketamine for supplementation of caudal anesthesia. Drug: S(+)-ketamine epidural or intravenous 1 mg kg-1 once ... intravenous ketamine for supplementation of caudal anesthesia. Drug: S(+)-ketamine epidural or intravenous 1 mg kg-1 once ... All patients will receive caudal block anesthesia with marcaine. Cardiovascular monitoring will be assessed during operation. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00532662?recr=Open&cond=%22Pain+Management%22&rank=11

Caudal Anesthesia in Children You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited in the literature ... O. SCHULTE-STEINBERG, V. W. RAHLFS; Caudal Anesthesia in Children. Anesthesiology 1978;49(5):372. ...

https://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1959485

Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia via the Caudal Approach in Children You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, ... Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia via the Caudal Approach in Children Anesthesiology 6 1992, Vol.76, 935-938. doi: ... Joel B. Gunter, Calvin Eng; Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia via the Caudal Approach in Children . Anesthesiology 1992;76(6):935- ...

https://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1951227

Pediatric regional anesthesia Beyond the caudal. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 91, 16-26. ... Ross, A.K., Eck, J.B. and Tobias, J.D. (2000) Pediatric regional anesthesia: Beyond the caudal. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 91, 16- ... Prospective, Randomized Comparisons of Induction of Anesthesia with Ketamine, Propofol and Sevoflurane for Quality of Recovery ... The Change in Pulse Rate and Behavioral Score by Using Video Assisted Induction of Pediatric Anesthesia ...

http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=397061

Are caudal blocks for pain control safe in children? an analysis of 18,650 caudal blocks from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia ... BACKGROUND: The caudal block is the most commonly performed regional anesthesia technique in pediatric patients undergoing ... Research InnovationPublications Are caudal blocks for pain control safe in children? an analysis of 18,650 caudal blocks from ... A complication after a caudal block was defined by the presence of at least 1 of the following: block failure, vascular ...

https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/research/publications/are-caudal-blocks-for-pain-control-safe-in-children-an-analysis-of-18650-caudal-blocks-from-the-pediatric-regional-anesthesia-network-pran-database/

... Definition. General. Caudal epidural block involves injection of medication through the sacral ... New York School of Regional Anesthesia, Caudal Anesthesia. Accessed 02/03/15. ... Home / ABA Keyword Categories / Anatomy / Caudal anesthesia: Anatomy. ... Landmarks of the sacral hiatus for caudal epidural block: an anatomical study. Br. J. Anaesth. 2005;95:692-695. ...

https://www.openanesthesia.org/caudal-anesthesia-anatomy/

Treatment Anesthesia, caudal epidural. Symptoms and causes Anesthesia, caudal epidural Prophylaxis Anesthesia, caudal epidural ... ANESTHESIA. Section 3 Anesthesia Management Part C Anesthesia Techniques Chapter 42 Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia* ... It may be the sole anesthetic or combined with general anesthesia. Also called caudal epidural anesthesia or a caudal block. ... For More Information «Anesthesia, caudal epidural». *. Caudal Epidural Anaesthesia (page 1) - Homepage - University .... Caudal ...

http://drugster.info/medic/term/anesthesia-caudal-epidural/

Procedure Kit/Trays, Anesthesia, Caudal. Definition : Prepackaged collections of the devices and supplies (i.e., either custom ... Caudal anesthesia procedure kits and trays are intended for use in the block of sacral and lower lumbar nerve roots during ... or standard kits) needed for providing a local anesthetic solution into the caudal portion of the epidural space, usually ... Entry Terms : "Anesthesia Kits, Caudal" , "Caudal Anesthesia Procedure Kit/Trays". UMDC code : 10126 ...

http://productguide.optometricmanagement.com/term/31/procedure-kit-trays-anesthesia-caudal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_anesthesia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

Antonyms for caudal anesthesia. 2 synonyms for caudal anesthesia: caudal anaesthesia, caudal block. What are synonyms for ... Caudal anesthesia synonyms, caudal anesthesia antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com https://www.freethesaurus.com/caudal+anesthesia ... Synonyms for caudal anesthesia. regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the caudal end of the spinal ... Chan, "Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia," in Millers Anesthesia, R.. Caudal Epidural Block: An Updated Review of ...

https://www.freethesaurus.com/caudal+anesthesia

Effects of Clonidine Added to Bupivacaine for Combined Caudal and General Anesthesia in Children ... Effects of Clonidine Added to Bupivacaine for Combined Caudal and General Anesthesia in Children ... Effects of Clonidine Added to Bupivacaine for Combined Caudal and General Anesthesia in Children ... Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control 1993;18:31. ...

https://rapm.bmj.com/content/18/Suppl_4/31.info

Spinal Anesthesia answers are found in the Clinical Anesthesia Procedures powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, ... and Caudal Anesthesia - Spinal Anesthesia." Clinical Anesthesia Procedures, 9th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Anesthesia Central, ... Anesthesia. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia - Spinal Anesthesia. In: Pino RM, ed. Clinical Anesthesia Procedures. ... Anesthesia. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia - Spinal Anesthesia [Internet]. In: Pino RM, editors. Clinical Anesthesia ...

https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728225/7/Spinal_Epidural_and_Caudal_Anesthesia___Spinal_Anesthesia?refer=true

Efficacy and safety of clonidine as additive for caudal regional anesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized ... Efficacy and safety of clonidine as additive for caudal regional anesthesia: a quantitative systematic review of randomized ... Analgesics /adverse effects /therapeutic use; Anesthesia, Caudal /adverse effects /methods; Child; Clonidine /adverse effects / ... To assess the efficacy and safety of caudal clonidine in addition to local anaesthetics in comparison with local anaesthetics ...

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=12011006982&ID=12011006982

What Is Caudal Anesthesia?. The word anesthesia refers to the loss of sensation, while caudal usually pertains to the end or ... Generally, patients wont be able to feel or move their legs once the anesthesia starts working.. The use of caudal anesthesia ... Caudal anesthesia is commonly done in children. It is often done as a supplement to a general anesthesia, the administration of ... Caudal anesthesia is generally the loss of sensation from the waist down to the legs. This is due to the administration or ...

http://www.anesthesiabilling.org/2010/06/caudal-anesthesia.html

Reply to comments on The association between caudal anesthesia and increased risk of postoperative surgical complications in ... "Reply to comments on The association between caudal anesthesia and increased risk of postoperative surgical complications in ...

https://surgery.duke.edu/node/41921

Are Caudal Blocks for Pain Control Safe in Children? An Analysis of 18,650 Caudal Blocks from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia ... BACKGROUND: The caudal block is the most commonly performed regional anesthesia technique in pediatric patients undergoing ... CONCLUSIONS: Safety concerns should not be a barrier to the use of caudal blocks in children assuming an appropriate selection ... A complication after a caudal block was defined by the presence of at least 1 of the following: block failure, vascular ...

https://smarttots.org/are-caudal-blocks-for-pain-control-safe-in-children-an-analysis-of-18650-caudal-blocks-from-the-pediatric-regional-anesthesia-network-pran-database-2/

Comparing midazolam-bupivacaine and neostigmine-bupivacaine for caudal anesthesia among pediatric patients undergoing ... bupivacaine mixture with plain bupivacaine for caudal anesthesia in children . Pediatric Anesthesia, 2003 Feb; 13(2):126-31 ... Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2004; 98: 1512-1520.. Mahajan R, Batra YK , Grover VK , Kajal J : A comparative study of caudal ... After general anesthesia induction with inhaled sevoflurane, a caudal block was performed. Patients were randomly allocated to ...

http://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/irjps/article/view/14673

Anticoagulation and Neuraxial Blockade answers are found in the Clinical Anesthesia Procedures powered by Unbound Medicine. ... Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia - Anticoagulation and Neuraxial Blockade is a topic covered in the Clinical Anesthesia ... "Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia - Anticoagulation and Neuraxial Blockade." Clinical Anesthesia Procedures, 9th ed., ... Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia - Anticoagulation and Neuraxial Blockade. In: Pino RM, ed. Clinical Anesthesia ...

https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728229/all/Spinal__Epidural__and_Caudal_Anesthesia___Anticoagulation_and_Neuraxial_Blockade

Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Obstetric Anesthesia; Pain Mechanisms; Pain Medicine; Pediatric Anesthesia; Regional Anesthesia; ... Ambulatory Anesthesia; Anesthetic Pharmacology; Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Critical Care and Trauma; Economics, Education, and ... Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is ... No other journal can match Anesthesia & Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. ...

https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Pages/toc.aspx?year=1949&issue=01000

What is obstetrical anesthesia? Meaning of obstetrical anesthesia medical term. What does obstetrical anesthesia mean? ... Looking for online definition of obstetrical anesthesia in the Medical Dictionary? obstetrical anesthesia explanation free. ... neural anesthesia. Block anesthesia.. neuraxial anesthesia. Caudal, epidural, or spinal anesthesia. open anesthesia. ... block anesthesia regional anesthesia.. caudal anesthesia a type of regional anesthesia that was used in childbirth between the ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/obstetrical+anesthesia

Objective: to compare caudal and spinal anaesthesia in paediatrics regarding haemodynamics, efficacy (sensory block ... on the other hand the caudal epidural had the advantage of longer post-operative analgesic effect and lower post-operative ... where the study was designed to compare between the effectiveness of spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.3mg/kg and caudal ... patients in each group were randomly assigned to receive spinal or caudal epidural anaesthesia. Results: the demographic data ...

http://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_21813.html

caudal catheter. Caudal anesthesia.. central catheter. A catheter inserted into a central vein or artery for diagnostic or ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/butterfly+catheter

Multiple regional analgesic techniques, including caudal (CB) and penile block (PB), have championed as offering optimal ... Silvani, P., Camporesi, A., Agostino, M.R. and Salvo, I. (2006) Caudal Anesthesia in Pediatrics: An Update. Minerva ... The most efficient analgesic during circumcision is regional anesthesia, namely caudal (CB) and penile blocks (PB) [15] [16] . ... Abbreviations: CB, caudal block; F/U, follow up; hrs, hours; kg, kilograms; mg, milligram; min, minutes; mL, milliliter; N, ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=66775

Improvement in the Action of Procaine Salts in Caudal Anesthesia M. M. Marks M. M. Marks ... M. M. Marks; Improvement in the Action of Procaine Salts in Caudal Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1941; 2:712 doi: https://doi.org/ ...

https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/2/6/712/17619/Improvement-in-the-Action-of-Procaine-Salts-in

Anesthesia & Analgesia, 91, 16-26. (scirp.org)
Epidural catheter can be continued post operatively to continue analgesia while spinal anesthesia is generally a single shot injection. (wikipedia.org)
The review concluded that, compared to caudal local anaesthetics alone, caudally administered clonidine in addition to local anaesthetics provided extended duration of analgesia with a decreased incidence for analgesic rescue requirement and few adverse events. (york.ac.uk)
Primary outcomes of interest were duration of postoperative analgesia (defined as time from caudal injection until the first requirement of rescue analgesia), number of patients requiring rescue analgesia and total number of postoperative rescue requirements. (york.ac.uk)
Anesthesia & Analgesia , November 2014. (smarttots.org)
Batra YK, Arya VK, Mahajan R, Chari P. Dose response study of caudal neostigmine for postoperative analgesia in paediatric patients undergoing genitourinary surgery. (ac.ir)
Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
to compare caudal and spinal anaesthesia in paediatrics regarding haemodynamics, efficacy (sensory block characteristics, motor block characteristics) post-operative analgesia, surgeon's satisfaction, parents' satisfaction and complications incidence. (ekb.eg)
In this study we examined the duration of post-operative analgesia in children when clonidine is added to bupivacaine in caudal anesthesia. (traumamon.com)
Multiple regional analgesic techniques, including caudal (CB) and penile block (PB), have championed as offering optimal analgesia for circumcision in the post-neonatal pediatric population without clear consensus. (scirp.org)
A caudal anesthesia is one of the most commonly used technique providing intra and postoperative analgesia in pediatric low abdominal surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Busoni P, Andreuccetti T (1986) The spread of caudal analgesia in children: a mathematical model. (springer.com)
Dr. Lin, alongside residents Dr. Chong and Szoke, conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials recruiting pediatric surgical patients receiving a caudal block for surgical anesthesia or postoperative analgesia.Included studies compared dexamethasone (caudal, intravenous, or both) to control. (uwo.ca)
Page 204 - Comparison of racemic bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levo-bupivacaine for pediatric caudal anesthesia: effects on postoperative analgesia and motor block. (google.com)
Local anesthesia consists of lidocaine jelly in the bladder associated with a penile nerve block in males only, and without any intravenous analgesia. (urotoday.com)
Caudal Epidural analgesia reduces the overall intraoperative Anesthetic requirement and facilitates rapid return of conscious state with stable hemodynamic condition. (alliedacademies.org)

Anesthesiology residencies should graduate physicians skilled in providing competent and safe ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA). (asra.com)

RESULTS: Eighteen thousand six hundred-fifty children who received a caudal block were included in the study. (luriechildrens.org)

Interventions of the health care team will be individualized based on the type of procedure the patient has undergone and the type of anesthesia administered. (thefreedictionary.com)
The association between type of anesthesia used and recurrence of cancer remains controversial. (bioportfolio.com)
A caudal block is a special type of anesthesia. (chkd.org)
What determines the type of anesthesia used? (rexhealth.com)
Your doctor or nurse may prefer one type of anesthesia over another for your surgery. (rexhealth.com)
Your risk depends on the type of anesthesia you get, your age, your health, and how you respond to the medicines used. (rexhealth.com)

Depending on the situation, this may be used either on its own (in which case the patient remains fully conscious), or in combination with general anesthesia or sedation. (wikipedia.org)
The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year. (smarttots.org)
Tell your doctor about any allergies or health conditions you have, what medicines you are taking, and what anesthesia or sedation you have had before. (medlineplus.gov)
Sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block in conjunction with sevoflurane sedation may be safe in terms of maintaining spontaneous breathing and avoiding complications associated with general anesthesia . (bvsalud.org)
Forty children ( aged 1-5 years) scheduled to undergo inguinal hernia repair under caudal block with sevoflurane sedation via a face mask were randomized into either the low- dose (1.0%) end-tidal sevoflurane concentration group (Group LS) or the high- dose (2.5%) end-tidal sevoflurane concentration group (Group HS). (bvsalud.org)
Face - mask sedation with 1.0% sevoflurane in conjunction with caudal block may be more effective than that with 2.5% sevoflurane in preventing EA. (bvsalud.org)
Informed consent was obtained for combined spinal anesthesia and caudal epidural anesthesia with sedation. (journalmc.org)
There are three general uses of immobilization of ornamental fishes: sedation, loss of equilibrium, and anesthesia. (fda.gov)
The examinations were simple, required no anesthesia or sedation, and were coordinated with decannulation of the tracheostomy. (biomedsearch.com)
We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of ureteroscopic lithotripsy for ureteral stones under local anesthesia without any sedation. (urotoday.com)

A comparison of two different doses of bupivacaine in caudal anesthesia for neonatal circumcision. (freethesaurus.com)
Comparison of two different doses of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine in paediatric caudal anesthesia for infraumbilical surgeries: a randomized double blind clinical study. (freethesaurus.com)
Neostigmine and midazolam are each added to bupivacaine for the purposes of caudal anesthesia. (ac.ir)
Patients were randomly allocated to one of two trial groups: midazolam group patients received bupivacaine 25% 1 ml/kg with midazolam 50µg/kg, and neostigmine group patients received bupivacaine 25% 1 ml/kg with neostigmine 2 µg/kg through the caudal route. (ac.ir)
Abdulatif M, El-Sanabary M. Caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children. (ac.ir)
Kumar P , Rudra A , Pan AK , Acharya A . Caudal additives in pediatrics : A comparison among midazolam , ketamin and neostigmin co-administered with bupivacaine. (ac.ir)
Children were randomly divided into 2 groups in a double-blind fashion, and were given caudal anesthesia with 0.125% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) alone or b bupivacaine plus 2 μg/kg clonidine. (traumamon.com)
The On-Q infusion pump is used to slowly administer local anesthetics (eg, bupivacaine, lidocaine, ropivacaine) to or around surgical wound sites and/or in close proximity to nerves for pre- or postoperative regional anesthesia. (drugs.com)
Moyao-Garcia D, Garza-Leyva M, Velazquez-Armenta EY et al (2002) Caudal block with 4mg-kgl (1.6 ml/kg 1) of bupivacaine 0.25% in children undergoing surgical correction of congenital pyloric stenosis. (springer.com)
Background Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic widely used for prolonged local and regional anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)
Although used clinically as a racemic mixture, S (−)-bupivacaine appears less toxic than the R (+)-enantiomer despite at least equal potency for local anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)
Bonnet MP, Larousse E, Asehnoune K, Benhamou D. Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine decreases cerebral blood flow in former preterm infants. (springer.com)
A recent study found no neurobehavioral change in infants whose mothers received bupivacaine epidural anesthesia (112 +/- 7 mg) for labor and vaginal delivery. (biomedsearch.com)
The purpose of this review was to compare caudal epidural neostigmine co-administered with bupivacaine and Bupivacaine alone. (alliedacademies.org)
Conclusion: Caudal epidural with neostigmine co-administered with bupivacaine is better as compared to caudal epidural with bupivacaine. (alliedacademies.org)
Children receiving caudal epidural Block with combined Neostigmine (2-4 μg/kg) and Bupivacaine (1 mg/kg). (alliedacademies.org)
Children receiving caudal epidural Block with bupivacaine alone. (alliedacademies.org)
Combination of clonidine-bupivacaine in caudal epidural anesthesia for hypospadias surgery in children: prospective, randomized, blind study]. (nih.gov)

From fundamental principles to advanced subspecialty procedures, Miller's Anesthesia covers the full scope of contemporary anesthesia practice. (elsevier.com)

The technique of caudal epidural block in pain management has been greatly enhanced by the use of fluoroscopic guidance and epidurography, in which high success rates can be attained. (nysora.com)
Under these circumstances, it is recommended that fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural block be performed in lieu of the traditional palpation approach. (nysora.com)
The second resurgence in popularity of caudal anesthesia has paralleled the increasing need to find safe alternatives to conventional lumbar epidural block in selected patient populations, such as individuals with failed back surgery syndrome. (nysora.com)
Caudal epidural block involves injection of medication through the sacral hiatus, which is an arch shaped opening in the dorsal sacral surface. (openanesthesia.org)
Landmarks of the sacral hiatus for caudal epidural block: an anatomical study. (openanesthesia.org)
For the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery administered as an epidural block, including cesarean section, major nerve block, or local infiltration. (drugs.com)

Written by Andrew T. Gray, MD, PhD, one of the pioneers of the use of ultrasound to guide needle placement, Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia, 3rd Edition , shows you how to safely and effectively use the latest methods and applications of this technique. (elsevier.com)

Massachusetts General Hospital guidelines regarding neuraxial anesthesia in anticoagulated patients are listed in Table 17.3 . (unboundmedicine.com)
Obstetric specialty societies recommend neuraxial anesthesia, when possible, for cesarean deliveryCurrent data regarding the association of obstetric anesthesiologist specialization and use of general. (bioportfolio.com)

Unfortunately, clinical indications and especially therapeutic interventions for the relief of chronic pain in individuals with failed back surgery syndrome are often most prevalent in patients with difficult caudal landmarks. (nysora.com)
All patients will receive caudal block anesthesia with marcaine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
BACKGROUND: The caudal block is the most commonly performed regional anesthesia technique in pediatric patients undergoing surgical procedures, but safety concerns raised by previous reports remain to be addressed. (luriechildrens.org)
Anesthesia Central is an all-in-one web and mobile solution for treating patients before, during, and after surgery. (unboundmedicine.com)
A caudal anesthesia is also done in the pain management of patients suffering from acute vascular insufficiency due to frostbite and other causes. (anesthesiabilling.org)
Generally, patients won't be able to feel or move their legs once the anesthesia starts working. (anesthesiabilling.org)
Patients recovering from general anesthesia must be assessed constantly until they have reacted. (thefreedictionary.com)
When patients are awakening from general anesthesia they may be restless, attempting to get out of bed or even striking out at those around them because they are afraid and disoriented. (thefreedictionary.com)
I, II classes undergoing infraubmliclal pediatric surgeries, patients in each group were randomly assigned to receive spinal or caudal epidural anaesthesia. (ekb.eg)
The patients were randomly allocated to receive an epidural injection using either the caudal or lumbar approach. (bmj.com)
Current evidence remains limited on the postoperative outcomes of neuraxial (NA) versus general anesthesia (GA) as primary anesthesia type in patients receiving simultaneous bilateral total hip arthro. (bioportfolio.com)
Spinal anesthesia can be challenging in patients with lumbar scoliosis or previous lumbar spine surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
Caudal blocks can be given to patients as young as one week of age to adulthood. (chkd.org)
Dalens B, Hasnaoui A (1989) Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery: success rate and adverse effects in 750 consecutive patients. (springer.com)
Whistler Health Care Center (2005-2006, Mohr (4)): a retrospective study involving 1,804 patients who received Bier block anesthesia for wrist, hand, and forearm injuries. (thefreedictionary.com)
Twenty received epidural anesthesia with 2 per cent lidocaine-carbon dioxide-epinephrine, and 20 patients were given general anesthesia. (biomedsearch.com)
Address the unique needs of pediatric patients with guidance from an entire section on pediatric anesthesia. (elsevier.com)
Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant for Caudal Blockade in Pediatric Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (uwo.ca)
Caudal anesthesia has been used for postoperative pain control in pediatric surgical patients, but the duration of the analgesic effect is occasionally unsatisfactory. (ovid.com)
The aim of this meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) was to evaluate the analgesic effect of steroids in patients administered with caudal anesthesia. (ovid.com)
Randomized controlled trials that compared intravenous steroids with a placebo in pediatric patients who had received caudal anesthesia for surgery were included in the study. (ovid.com)
Prospectively, ureteroscopic lithotripsy under local anesthesia was performed in 100 patients (45 males and 55 females). (urotoday.com)
The procedure was interrupted in only 5 patients and was performed later under spinal anesthesia. (urotoday.com)
Our findings suggest that most of the patients could tolerate the pain during a rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy under local anesthesia. (urotoday.com)

Caudal anesthesia procedure kits and trays are intended for use in the block of sacral and lower lumbar nerve roots during diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. (optometricmanagement.com)
OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy of placement of epidural injections using the lumbar and caudal approaches. (bmj.com)
Group L had a lumbar approach to the epidural space and group C a caudal approach to the epidural space. (bmj.com)
97% of lumbar and 85% of caudal epidural injections clinically thought to be correctly placed were confirmed radiographically. (bmj.com)
For epidural injections where the clinical impression was "maybe", 91% of lumbar injections, but only 45% of caudal injections were correctly placed. (bmj.com)
In the non-obese patient, lumbar epidural injections can be accurately placed without x ray screening, but caudal epidural injections, to be placed accurately, require x ray screening no matter what the weight of the patient. (bmj.com)
Both lumbar and caudal (through the sacral hiatus) approaches to the epidural space are regularly used, but little is known of their relative efficacy. (bmj.com)
2 3 This randomised study aimed at examining the accuracy of placement of lumbar and caudal epidural injections by experienced operators, and identifying other factors that may affect the accuracy of placement of epidural injections. (bmj.com)

Our main objective in current investigation was to estimate the overall and specific incidence of complications associated with the performance of caudal block in children. (luriechildrens.org)
The risks of complications during or after anesthesia are often difficult to separate from those of the procedure for which anesthesia is being given, but in the main they are related to three factors: the health of the patient, the complexity (and stress) of the procedure itself, and the anaesthetic technique. (wikipedia.org)
From basic science to various anesthesia techniques to complications, the meticulously updated, fifth edition of Chestnut s Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice, covers all you need to know about obstetric anesthesia. (elsevier.com)
What are the risks and complications of anesthesia? (rexhealth.com)

Relative analgesic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for caudal anesthesia in children. (freethesaurus.com)
The practice of adding adjunct analgesic drugs to local anesthetics for caudal block is common. (clinicaltrials.gov)
An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent. (bioportfolio.com)
Intravenous dexamethasone prolongs the analgesic duration of caudal anesthesia. (ovid.com)
Thionembutal.2 In the United States the U. the pre-operative epidural administration of tramadol was evaluated as an analgesic technique in dogs submitted to stifle surgery.8.S. with the induction of anesthesia performed 15 minutes later with thiopental (10 mg/kg.05 mg/kg).9 or by reducing pain associated with propofol administration. (scribd.com)
However, perioperative pain relief with single shot caudal block is inadequate which needs further administration of other analgesic drugs intravenously [ 7 , 9 , 13 , 14 ]. (alliedacademies.org)

With emerging evidence that specific anesthetic agents may affect neurocognitive outcomes, there has been renewed interest in the applications of spinal anesthesia in neonates and infants. (journalmc.org)
Because of its short duration of action, spinal anesthesia in infants is generally limited to procedures lasting less than 70 - 75 min. (journalmc.org)
We present two infants in whom this technique was used to provide surgical anesthesia (without general anesthesia or airway manipulation) for two cases lasting more than 90 min. (journalmc.org)
We present two infants in whom a combined SA with a caudal epidural catheter technique was used to provide surgical anesthesia for cases lasting more than 90 min. (journalmc.org)
Caudal anaesthesia is still probably the most-popular, most-used, and most-studied regional technique in children, neonates, and small infants. (springer.com)
Apnea after awake-regional and general anesthesia in infants: The General Anesthesia compared to Spinal anesthesia (GAS) study: comparing apnea and neurodevelopmental outcomes, a randomized controlled trial. (springer.com)
Kachko L, Birk E, Simhi E, Tzeitlin E, Freud E, Katz J. Spinal anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in infants with congenital heart diseases. (springer.com)
Differences in blood pressure in infants after general anesthesia compared to awake regional anesthesia (GAS study−a prospective randomized trial). (springer.com)
Neurologic activity of infants following anesthesia for cesarean section. (biomedsearch.com)
Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children. (google.com)
Page 81 - Cote CJ, Ryan JF, Todres ID, Goudsouzian NG (eds): A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, 2nd ed. (google.com)

Effects of mechanical ventilation and thoracic epidural anesthesia. (ac.ir)

Larousse E, Asehnoune K, Dartayet B, et al (2002) The hemodynamic effects of pediatric caudal anesthesia assessed by esophageal Doppler. (springer.com)

After general anesthesia induction with inhaled sevoflurane, a caudal block was performed. (ac.ir)
Abstract:Objective: There has been no study evaluating sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration for the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal (MAC-LMA removal) in children whom caudal anesthesia was performed. (inonu.edu.tr)
The aim of this study is to determine the MAC-LMA removal of sevoflurane in children caudal anesthesia was performed. (inonu.edu.tr)
After sevoflurane induction, children were randomized to receive LMA insertion with or without caudal anesthesia. (inonu.edu.tr)
Results: The MAC-LMA removal of sevoflurane was 1.60% in the group with caudal anesthesia and 1.72% in the group without caudal anesthesia. (inonu.edu.tr)
Conclusion: Caudal anesthesia did not reduce the MAC-LMA removal of sevoflurane in children aged 2 mo and 8 yr. (inonu.edu.tr)
Further studies are necessary to establish whether caudal block effect the removal of LMA in infant and children during sevoflurane anesthesia. (inonu.edu.tr)
To compare the incidence of EA in children undergoing sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block with two different doses of sevoflurane . (bvsalud.org)
Caudal block was performed with 1 ml/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine and 1 200,000 epinephrine under sevoflurane anesthesia after the surgery . (bvsalud.org)

Caudal anesthesia is given with general anesthesia to block pain in the legs, low back, belly and lower trunk area. (chp.edu)
Follow up will continue for 24 hours after caudal block. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A complication after a caudal block was defined by the presence of at least 1 of the following: block failure, vascular puncture, intravascular test dose, dural puncture, seizure, cardiac arrest, sacral pain, or neurologic symptoms. (luriechildrens.org)
Also called caudal epidural anesthesia or a caudal block. (drugster.info)
Alternatively, epidural and spinal anesthesia can be performed in the region of the central nervous system itself, suppressing all incoming sensation from nerves supplying the area of the block. (wikipedia.org)
Called also caudal block . (thefreedictionary.com)
The wrist block is an effective method to provide anesthesia of the hand and fingers without the arm immobility that occurs with more proximal brachial plexus blocks. (nysora.com)
Caudal anesthesia is the oldest and at present the most common epidural technique in children ( 4 ).Single dose injection in caudal anesthesia is the most effective and most prevalent form of regional block in children. (traumamon.com)
Spinal and epidural anesthesia are procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain. (medlineplus.gov)
That produced by injection of the anesthetic into the extradural space, either between the vertebral spines or into the sacral hiatus (caudal block - anesthesia by injection of local anesthetic into the caudal or sacral canal. (lymphedemapeople.com)
After inhalation induction of general anesthesia, caudal block was applied. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Confirming a successful caudal block is challenging in the pediatric population . (bvsalud.org)
We expected an increasing PTT pattern and change in HRV parameters after caudal block. (bvsalud.org)
No significant change was found in PTT with time interval after caudal block. (bvsalud.org)
The PTT pattern may not be an indicator for successful caudal block. (bvsalud.org)
However, with an ever-increasing number of regional anesthetics available, including new peripheral nerve block and fascial plane blocks, the best method to provide regional anesthesia education and training is not known. (asra.com)
If multiple sessions are required to gain the technical skills necessary to perform just a single basic block, then residents are unable to gain the experience to be competent and safe at performing all types of regional anesthesia procedures during the limited time of residency. (asra.com)
Dose varies with procedure, onset and depth of anesthesia desired, vascularity of tissues, duration of anesthesia, and condition of patient: A test dose of short-acting local anesthestic containing epinephrine (eg, 3 to 5 mL) should be administered prior to induction of complete block with ropivacaine. (drugs.com)
1. caudal block (n. (synonym.com)
What is a caudal block? (chkd.org)
The caudal block is done while the child is asleep, before the surgery starts. (chkd.org)
Caudal block anesthesia relieves the pain your child feels when waking up from surgery and reduces the amount of general anesthetic needed during the procedure. (chkd.org)
The effects of the caudal block last 4 -10 hours, sometimes longer. (chkd.org)
Your child may be unsteady on his/her feet after having a caudal block. (chkd.org)
Your child may have a little difficulty urinating after a caudal block. (chkd.org)
Several questions arise: what are the risks, what are the advantages in doing a caudal block in a child? (springer.com)
Armitage EN (1979) Caudal block in children. (springer.com)
Dohi S, Naito H, Takahashi T (1979) Age-related changes in blood pressure and duration of motor block in spinal anesthesia. (springer.com)
In addition, we found that popliteal block anesthesia did not decrease the length of stay in the PACU. (thefreedictionary.com)
Numerous studies have evaluated different techniques to enhance the success rate of mandibular block anesthesia [5-9]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Paravertebral block anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. (thefreedictionary.com)
Spinal anesthesia is now implemented routinely in labor and cesarean section as it provides a rapid onset of sensory motor block and excellent pain control. (wikipedia.org)
A caudal block is an injection of numbing medicine. (alberta.ca)
For some surgeries that involve the area below the waist, a doctor may do a caudal block to help keep your child as pain-free as possible in the first few hours after surgery. (alberta.ca)
A caudal block is done along with giving your child medicine to make him or her sleep during surgery. (alberta.ca)
How is a caudal block done? (alberta.ca)
What can you expect after your child's caudal block? (alberta.ca)
The caudal block may affect how well your child can move his or her legs. (alberta.ca)
Injection Caudal block Adult: In surgery: 37. (scribd.com)

General anesthesia makes certain surgeries and tests easier and safer to do because your child will not feel any pain during the procedure or have any memory of it. (chp.edu)
When general anesthesia is needed, there are important rules for eating and drinking that must be followed in the hours before the procedure. (chp.edu)
In preparing for a medical procedure, the clinician chooses one or more drugs to achieve the types and degree of anesthesia characteristics appropriate for the type of procedure and the particular patient. (wikipedia.org)
The goal of anesthesia is to achieve the endpoints required for the given surgical procedure with the least risk to the patient. (wikipedia.org)
Anesthesia Medical billing Guidelines and procedure codes. (anesthesiabilling.org)
An anesthesiologist, a doctor who specializes in the administration of an anesthetic, is usually the one giving the caudal anesthesia before the start of a surgical procedure. (anesthesiabilling.org)
It is often done as a supplement to a general anesthesia, the administration of anesthetic to make the child unconscious during the procedure. (anesthesiabilling.org)
Anesthesia is the use of medications to reduce pain or sensation during a medical procedure. (childrensmercy.org)
Anesthesia is a way to control pain during a surgery or procedure by using medicine called anesthetics . (rexhealth.com)
Recent reports [3,4] showed that the success rate of ureteroscopic lithotripsy under local anesthesia was comparable with that of general or spinal anesthesia, but only few reports mentioned the degree of pain associated with the procedure [2]. (urotoday.com)

Your child's surgery will be done under general anesthesia ( an-es-THEEZ-ya ), which means that he or she will be sound asleep during the surgery. (chp.edu)
In addition to the general anesthesia, your child will receive caudal ( COD-ool ) anesthesia, which will give pain relief in the area below the waist. (chp.edu)
A pediatric anesthesiologist-a doctor who specializes in anesthesia for children-will give the general and caudal medications during your child's surgery. (chp.edu)
What Is General Anesthesia? (chp.edu)
General anesthesia makes your child's whole body go to sleep and is needed for certain tests and surgeries so that his or her reflexes will be completely relaxed. (chp.edu)
A caudal allows the anesthesiologist to give a smaller amount of general anesthesia during the surgery, and also provides up to 4 hours of pain relief in that area after the surgery. (chp.edu)
It may be the sole anesthetic or combined with general anesthesia . (drugster.info)
General anesthesia suppresses central nervous system activity and results in unconsciousness and total lack of sensation , using either injected or inhaled drugs. (wikipedia.org)
2 h under general anesthesia were studied. (inonu.edu.tr)
You want fewer systemic medicines and less "hangover" than you would have from general anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)
In many situations, such as a C-section, conduction anesthesia is safer and therefore preferable to general anesthesia. (lymphedemapeople.com)
However, there are also many types of surgery in which general anesthesia is clearly appropriate. (lymphedemapeople.com)
b) n a state of narcosis, induced before the administration of a general anesthetic, that permits the production of states of surgical anesthesia with greatly reduced amounts of general anesthetic agents. (lymphedemapeople.com)
All six (100%) dogs in the traditional DL-IO group developed hypotension under general anesthesia. (frontiersin.org)
Spinal anesthesia (SA) became a popular technique during the 1980s when it was used as an alternative to general anesthesia (GA) as a means of avoiding postoperative apnea in high-risk, former preterm neonates [ 1 ]. (journalmc.org)
There was also a history of previous problems with general anesthesia and an unexplained cardiac arrest during an orchidopexy. (journalmc.org)
Anesthesiologist Specialization and Use of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery. (bioportfolio.com)
Postoperative outcomes with neuraxial versus general anesthesia in bilateral total hip arthroplasty. (bioportfolio.com)
The purpose of this study is to describe, in real-life conditions, the factors influencing the choice of anesthesia (spinal anesthesia or short general anesthesia) in outpatient surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
Abnormally slow pace of regaining CONSCIOUSNESS after general anesthesia (ANESTHESIA, GENERAL) usually given during surgical procedures. (bioportfolio.com)
Uguralp S, Mutus M, Koroglu A, et al (2002) Regional anesthesia is a good alternative to general anesthesia in pediatric surgery: experience in 1,554 children. (springer.com)
General anesthesia affects your brain and the rest of your body. (rexhealth.com)
With general anesthesia, you're unconscious and you don't feel pain during the surgery. (rexhealth.com)
For example, you may need general anesthesia to ensure your comfort and safety during certain types of surgery. (rexhealth.com)
Use of spinal anesthesia (SA) in children may address concerns about potential neurocognitive effects of general anesthesia. (springer.com)
This study was designed to re-evaluate neonatal condition at birth following elective cesarean section performed with epidural anesthesia and a modified technique of general anesthesia. (biomedsearch.com)
Previously, the relatively large size and fragility of the instruments has generally necessitated the performance of ureteroscopy under general or regional anesthesia. (urotoday.com)
Spinal and epidural anesthesia have fewer side effects and risks than general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free). (stlukes-stl.com)
General anesthesia is treatment with certain medicines that puts you into a deep sleep so you do not feel pain during surgery. (stlukes-stl.com)
You want fewer systemic side effects and a shorter recovery than you would have from general anesthesia. (stlukes-stl.com)
Can negate the need for general anesthesia Anesthesia: general - overview for small scale surgical procedures. (vetstream.com)

regional anesthesia by injection of local anesthetic solution into the epidural space through the sacral hiatus. (drugs.com)

Epidural anesthesia can be continued for longer duration during longer surgeries by either giving top ups of local anesthetics or by continuous infusion of local anesthetics by infusion pumps. (wikipedia.org)
To identify postoperative pain relief benefits of caudal neostigmine in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. (alliedacademies.org)

Intravenous Versus Caudal Supplementation of Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Control in Children,A Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The International Anesthesia Research Society hosted a SmartTots-related education session at the IARS 2017 Annual Meeting. (iars.org)

The word anesthesia refers to the loss of sensation, while caudal usually pertains to the end or tail portion of a body part. (anesthesiabilling.org)
Caudal anesthesia is generally the loss of sensation from the waist down to the legs. (anesthesiabilling.org)
compression anesthesia loss of sensation resulting from pressure on a nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
crossed anesthesia loss of sensation on one side of the face and loss of pain and temperature sense on the opposite side of the body. (thefreedictionary.com)

Examples of surgical procedures employing caudal anesthesia in children include orchidopexy, the repair of the undescended testicle, and herniorrhaphy, the repair of hernia which is the bulging of some internal organs through the abnormal opening in the abdomen. (anesthesiabilling.org)
Many surgical procedures can be done with conduction anesthesia without significant pain. (lymphedemapeople.com)

A particular stage of anesthesia can be achieved using many different drug dose/duration combinations. (fda.gov)
For example, different stages of anesthesia can usually be achieved using the same dose but altering the exposure duration. (fda.gov)
Inherent differences within a species of finfish, let alone differences between fish species, in which it may take several seconds to many minutes longer to sedate fish to the same stage of anesthesia, make it very difficult to identify one dose/duration combination to achieve a pre-determined stage of anesthesia. (fda.gov)

Apply Now - IARS 2018 Frontiers in Anesthesia Research Award (FARA)! (iars.org)

basal anesthesia a reversible state of central nervous system depression produced by preliminary medication so that the inhalation of anesthetic necessary to produce surgical anesthesia is greatly reduced. (thefreedictionary.com)
Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. (bioportfolio.com)

Chestnut and his 79 expert contributors have once again released a current guide to obstetric anesthesia that proves useful to both junior learners and subspecialty providers. (elsevier.com)
Delivers contributions from many leaders in the fields of obstetric anesthesia and maternal-fetal medicine from all over the world. (elsevier.com)
Obstetric anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)

Previous work has identified learning curves that set the number of procedures a trainee or novice needs to perform to gain technical proficiency in a particular regional anesthesia technique. (asra.com)

Once your child has been registered for the surgery, a member of the anesthesia staff will meet with you to take your child's vital signs, weight and medical history. (chp.edu)
To assess the efficacy and safety of caudal clonidine in addition to local anaesthetics in comparison with local anaesthetics alone in children undergoing urological, lower abdominal or lower limb surgery. (york.ac.uk)
ambulatory anesthesia anesthesia performed on an outpatient basis for ambulatory surgery. (thefreedictionary.com)
Comparative Stud‌y between Intrathecal and Caudal Epidural Anesthesia in Children for Lower Abdominal Surgery', The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine , 73(11), pp. 8039-8046. (ekb.eg)
Epidural anesthesia is often used during labor and delivery, and surgery in the pelvis and legs. (medlineplus.gov)
Many people are nervous before they have anesthesia and surgery. (rexhealth.com)
Finkel JC, Boltz MG, Conran AM. Hemodynamic changes during high spinal anesthesia in children undergoing open heart surgery. (springer.com)

Caudal anaesthesia: does it have a place today? (springer.com)
Spear RM, Desphande JK, Maxwell LG (1988) Caudal anaesthesia in the high-risk infant. (springer.com)
The SAFE-T Consortium (Safe Anaesthesia For Everybody - Today) is a global collaboration of industry and organizations committed to the advancement of patient safety and the International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia. (iars.org)

Caudal epidural anesthesia has many applications, including surgical anesthesia in children and adults, as well as the management of acute and chronic pain conditions. (nysora.com)
Are caudal blocks for pain control safe in children? (luriechildrens.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Safety concerns should not be a barrier to the use of caudal blocks in children assuming an appropriate selection of local anesthetic dosage. (luriechildrens.org)
Caudal anesthesia was applied to all children by the same specialist. (freethesaurus.com)
Caudal anesthesia is commonly done in children. (anesthesiabilling.org)
Convulsions Under Anesthesia in Children. (lww.com)
Giaufre E, Dalens B, Gombert A (1966) Epidemiology and morbility of regional anesthesia in children: a one year prospective survey of the French-language society of pediatric anesthesiologists. (springer.com)
The session, The Neuroscience of Brain Development: Opportunities and Alternative Perspectives for Pediatric Anesthesia Research described age-dependent changes in anesthesia-induced brain activity in children and how this activity likely relates to the development of underlying brain circuits and early childhood development. (iars.org)

11Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds): Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain, 3rd ed. (ac.ir)
Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia - Anticoagulation and Neuraxial Blockade is a topic covered in the Clinical Anesthesia Procedures . (unboundmedicine.com)
Anesthesia Central , anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728229/all/Spinal__Epidural__and_Caudal_Anesthesia___Anticoagulation_and_Neuraxial_Blockade. (unboundmedicine.com)
Why do you have differential blockade with spinal anesthesia when using a hyperbaric spinal anesthetic? (brainscape.com)

Efficacy of caudal neostigmine for postoperative pain relief: A systemic review and meta-analysis. (alliedacademies.org)

Describes the anatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and interventional techniques for anesthesia and pain management. (nysora.com)
The objectives of this study were to describe a modified approach for caudal maxillectomy in the dog involving preligation of the maxillary artery, to retrospectively evaluate the ability of this modified approach to limit hemorrhage in a cohort of 22 dogs, and to clarify the vascular anatomy of the maxillary artery and its branches in relation to associated nerves. (frontiersin.org)

Continuous Peridural Segmental Anesthesia by Means of a Ureteral Catheter. (lww.com)
We present a rare case of a 7-month-old infant who developed a pseudomeningocele 16 days after an uneventful caudal catheter placement. (ovid.com)

With the help of colleague Waldo B. Edwards, he also developed the continuous caudal anesthesia epidural administration to alleviate the pain of childbirth. (wikipedia.org)

The failure rate of 5% to 10% made caudal epidural anesthesia unpopular until a resurgence of interest in the 1940s, led by Hingson and colleagues, who used it in obstetrical anesthesia. (nysora.com)

Other studies done with tramadol in Regional anesthesia by Kumari P21, Farikha N12, Brijesh J22, Ozcengiz D23 have demonstrated its efficacy as an adjuvant in spinal epidural or caudal anesthesia in place of pure opioid agonists. (freethesaurus.com)

Different types of anesthesia affect the endpoints differently. (wikipedia.org)
What are the types of anesthesia? (rexhealth.com)

Changes in breathing pattern, eye movements, lacrimation, and muscle tone are indicators for the depth of anesthesia. (thefreedictionary.com)

Management of Anesthesia for Laminectomy. (lww.com)

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal. (bioportfolio.com)

One of the major reasons caudal anesthesia was not embraced is the wide anatomical variations of sacral bones and the consequent failure rate associated with attempts to locate the sacral hiatus. (nysora.com)
Little is known about the biophysical properties of the (caudal) fin's anatomical structures in relation to hydrodynamic forces. (biologists.org)

epidural anesthesia regional anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic agent into the epidural space. (thefreedictionary.com)
A local anesthesia induced by injecting the local anesthetic agent close to the nerve trunk, at some distance from the operative field. (lymphedemapeople.com)

Prepackaged collections of the devices and supplies (i.e., either custom or standard kits) needed for providing a local anesthetic solution into the caudal portion of the epidural space, usually through the sacral hiatus. (optometricmanagement.com)
Regional and local anesthesia , which blocks transmission of nerve impulses from a specific part of the body. (wikipedia.org)
Spinal anesthesia involves administering local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space. (unboundmedicine.com)
This is due to the administration or injection of a local anesthetic into the caudal canal of the spine, which is usually found at the sacrum or rear part of the body. (anesthesiabilling.org)
The term "conduction anesthesia" encompasses both local and regional anesthetic techniques. (lymphedemapeople.com)
a) Local anesthesia produced by injection of the anesthetic solution in the area of terminal nerve endings. (lymphedemapeople.com)
A prospective, randomised, single-masked comparison of local anaesthetic approaches including topical anesthesia combined sub-conjunctival anesthesia(two-step anesthesia) for minimally inv. (bioportfolio.com)
4 Indeed, several local anesthetics also exhibit class I antiarrhythmic actions on the myocardium at lower concentrations than those used for local anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)
Local anesthesia numbs a small part of the body for minor procedures. (rexhealth.com)
With high doses of local anesthesia, the anesthetic can go into the rest of the body and affect your brain or heart. (rexhealth.com)
The relative ease, use, and experience with smaller and flexible instruments has indicated the routine use of local anesthesia for endoscopic procedures [1]. (urotoday.com)
However, ureteroscopic lithotripsy under local anesthesia is rarely performed. (urotoday.com)
Our idea is that if, currently, it is recommended to perform cystoscopy under local anesthesia, and if there is no difference in the level of pain between the cystoscopy and the ureteroscopy, why don't we perform ureteroscopy with lithotripsy under local anesthesia? (urotoday.com)
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness, pain perception, and acceptance of local anesthesia in ureteroscopic lithotripsy. (urotoday.com)
One hundred of them underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy of ureteral stones under local anesthesia. (urotoday.com)
ASRA practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity," Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine , vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 152-161, 2010. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment97

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care27

The dose-response of caudal ropivacaine in children. (1/65)

Confirmation of caudal needle placement using nerve stimulation. (2/65)

Caudal block in children: ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine. (3/65)

S(+)-ketamine for caudal block in paediatric anaesthesia. (4/65)

Caudal clonidine for postoperative analgesia in adults. (5/65)

Fissurectomy as a treatment for anal fissures in children. (6/65)

Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after caudal block in 1-8 year old children. (7/65)

Newborn blood levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine in the first postnatal day following maternal epidural anesthesia. (8/65)

Anesthesia, General

Anesthesia

Anesthesia, Local

Anesthesia, Epidural

Anesthesia, Spinal

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Anesthesia, Conduction

Anesthesia, Intravenous

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Anesthesia Recovery Period

Anesthesia, Dental

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Propofol

Isoflurane

Methyl Ethers

Anesthesiology

Anesthetics, Local

Anesthetics, Combined

Monitoring, Intraoperative

Anesthetics

Nitrous Oxide

Halothane

Lidocaine

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit

Fentanyl

Anesthetics, General

Bupivacaine

Preanesthetic Medication

Ketamine

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Nerve Block

Thiopental

Anesthesia, Caudal

Pentobarbital

Anesthetics, Dissociative

Enflurane

Xylazine

Intubation, Intratracheal

Anesthesia Department, Hospital

Conscious Sedation

Anesthesia, Intratracheal

Intraoperative Complications

Pain, Postoperative

Intraoperative Period

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Cesarean Section

Prilocaine

Methohexital

Electroencephalography

Mepivacaine

Consciousness

Alfentanil

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Surgical Procedures, Minor

Xenon

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents

Ethers

Midazolam

Prospective Studies

Hemodynamics

Ether

Surgical Procedures, Operative

Chloralose

Double-Blind Method

Postoperative Complications

Heart Rate

Analgesics, Opioid

Sufentanil

Consciousness Monitors

Laryngeal Masks

Medetomidine

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Time Factors

Carticaine

Intraoperative Awareness

Blood Pressure

Pain Measurement