Anesthesia, General
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, Local
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Anesthesia, Conduction
Anesthesia, Intravenous
Anesthesia, Obstetrical
Anesthesia Recovery Period
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Propofol
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Isoflurane
Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Anesthetics, Combined
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Anesthetics
Nitrous Oxide
Halothane
A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
Lidocaine
Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit
Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.
Fentanyl
Anesthetics, General
Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
Preanesthetic Medication
Ketamine
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Nerve Block
Thiopental
Pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
Anesthetics, Dissociative
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Enflurane
Xylazine
Intubation, Intratracheal
Anesthesia Department, Hospital
Conscious Sedation
Intraoperative Complications
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Prilocaine
Methohexital
Electroencephalography
Mepivacaine
A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
Alfentanil
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Surgical Procedures, Minor
Xenon
Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Prospective Studies
Hemodynamics
Ether
Surgical Procedures, Operative
Chloralose
Double-Blind Method
Postoperative Complications
Analgesics, Opioid
Sufentanil
Consciousness Monitors
Laryngeal Masks
A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.
Medetomidine
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.
Intraoperative Awareness
Pain Measurement
Succinylcholine
A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.
Neuromuscular Blockade
The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.
Laryngoscopy
Androstanols
Hypotension, Controlled
Etomidate
Deep Sedation
Intraoperative Care
Urethane
Ephedrine
A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
Carbon Dioxide
Hypotension
Shivering
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Droperidol
A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
Brachial Plexus
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Laryngismus
Mandibular Nerve
Oxygen
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Nurse Anesthetists
Vecuronium Bromide
Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.
Maxillary Nerve
Surgical Procedures, Elective
Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.
Amides
Dexmedetomidine
Cervical Plexus
A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four CERVICAL SPINAL CORD segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head. It also distributes motor fibers to muscles of the cervical SPINAL COLUMN, infrahyoid muscles, and the DIAPHRAGM.
Barbiturates
Atracurium
Dogs
Premedication
Awareness
Fiber Optic Technology
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture
Monitoring, Physiologic
Dental Care for Disabled
Pancuronium
Analgesia, Epidural
Morphine
Treatment Outcome
Pulmonary Atelectasis
Partial Pressure
Pregnancy
Preoperative Care
Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Methoxyflurane
An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)
Procaine
Autonomic Nerve Block
Dental Pulp Test
Postoperative Care
Oral Surgical Procedures
Orthopedic Procedures
Guaifenesin
Zolazepam
Meperidine
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Body Temperature Regulation
Dental Care for Chronically Ill
Evoked Potentials, Auditory
Tourniquets
Pneumonia, Aspiration
Pain
Risk Management
The process of minimizing risk to an organization by developing systems to identify and analyze potential hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences, and by attempting to handle events and incidents which do occur in such a manner that their effect and cost are minimized. Effective risk management has its greatest benefits in application to insurance in order to avert or minimize financial liability. (From Slee & Slee: Health care terms, 2d ed)
Single-Blind Method
Sensation
Drug Interactions
Airway Management
Infusions, Intravenous
Propoxycaine
Cardiac Output
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
gamma-Cyclodextrins
Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents
Emergencies
Random Allocation
Surgery, Oral
Unconsciousness
Reflex
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Muscle Relaxants, Central
A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)
Patient Satisfaction
Tidal Volume
Femoral Nerve
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Wakefulness
Bradycardia
Diazepam
The dose-response of caudal ropivacaine in children. (1/65)
BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine, a new local anesthetic, is less cardiotoxic in adults and is less likely to cause motor blockade than is bupivacaine. The authors evaluated the clinical effectiveness and hemodynamic effects of ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine and the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine when given for caudal blocks in 56 children 4.1 +/- 1.2 yr old (mean +/- SD). METHODS: Patients scheduled for inguinal hernia repair were randomly given a caudal injection (0.75 ml/kg) of ropivacaine, 0.25% (R0.25 group); ropivacaine, 0.5% (R0.5 group); or bupivacaine, 0.25% (B0.25 group). Postoperative measurements included the duration of analgesia, which was our primary outcome variable, and hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring for 4 h in the recovery room. Thereafter, analgesic requirements for the following 24 h were assessed by an independent observer on the ward using an observational pain-discomfort scale, which gives a cumulative score from 5 to 15 to estimate the quality of analgesia by assessment of behavioral objective parameters. Plasma levels of ropivacaine were measured before the procedure was started and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 45 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after caudal block. RESULTS: A significantly longer (P < 0.0001) duration of analgesia (median [range]) was observed in the R0.5 group (1,440 [335-1,440] min), whereas the R0.25 group (208 [175-340] min) and the B0.25 group (220 [100-390] min) were comparable. All groups showed a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate from baseline values, but differences between groups were not observed. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine is well tolerated and provides effective analgesia when given for caudal blockade in small children for inguinal hernia repair. (+info)Confirmation of caudal needle placement using nerve stimulation. (2/65)
BACKGROUND: The study was designed to examine a new method of confirming proper caudal needle placement using nerve stimulation. METHODS: Thirty-two pediatric patients were studied. A 22-gauge insulated needle was inserted into the caudal canal via the sacral notch until a "pop" was felt. The needle placement was classified as correct or incorrect depending upon the presence or absence of anal sphincter contraction (S2-S4) to electrical simulation (1 to 10 mA). RESULTS: Three patients were excluded, two because they inadvertently received neuromuscular blockers and one because the patient's anatomy precluded any attempt at a caudal block. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 100% in predicting clinical outcomes of the caudal block. Six patients had a negative stimulation test after the first attempt to place the needle. Four of these went on to receive a second attempt of needle insertion after a subcutaneous bulge or resistance to local anesthetic injection were observed. Following needle reinsertion, positive stimulation tests were elicited. These patients received the local anesthetic injection with ease and had good analgesia postoperatively. No attempt was made to reinsert the needle in the remaining two patients with a negative stimulation test, as they did not show subcutaneous bulge or resistance upon injection. These patients had poor analgesia postoperatively. The positive predictive value of the test was greater than the presence of a "pop" alone (P < 0.05) but not significantly different (P = 0.492) over the presence of "pop" and easy injection. CONCLUSION: This test may be used as a teaching and adjuvant tool in performing caudal block. (+info)Caudal block in children: ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine. (3/65)
BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine provides reliable, long-lasting anesthesia and analgesia when given via the caudal route. Ropivacaine is a newer, long-acting local anesthetic that (at a concentration providing similar pain relief) has less motor nerve blockade and may have less cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine. METHODS: In a double-blind trial, 81 healthy children, undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures, were randomly allocated to receive caudal analgesia with either bupivacaine or ropivacaine, 0.25%, 1 mVkg. All blocks were placed by an attending anesthesiologist or an anesthesia fellow after induction of general anesthesia. RESULTS: Data were available for 75 children. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics or in anesthesia, surgery, recovery room, or day surgery unit durations. The quality and duration of postoperative pain relief did not differ. Motor and sensory effects were similar. Time to first micturition did not differ. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) provided adequate postoperative analgesia with no difference from bupivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) in quality and duration of pain relief, motor and sensory effects, or time to first micturition in our study children. (+info)S(+)-ketamine for caudal block in paediatric anaesthesia. (4/65)
We have evaluated the intra- and postoperative analgesic efficacy of preservative-free S(+)-ketamine compared with bupivacaine for caudal block in paediatric hernia repair. After induction of general anaesthesia, 49 children undergoing hernia repair were given a caudal injection (0.75 ml kg-1) of S(+)-ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1 (group K1), S(+)-ketamine 1.0 mg kg-1 (group K2) or 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 (group B). No additional analgesic drugs were required during operation in any of the groups. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables remained stable during the observation period. Mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in groups B and K2 compared with group K1 (300 (SD 96) min and 273 (123) min vs 203 (117) min; P < 0.05). Groups B and K2 required less analgesics in the postoperative period compared with group K1 (30% and 33% vs 72%; P < 0.05). Postoperative sedation scores were comparable between the three groups. We conclude that S(+)-ketamine 1.0 mg kg-1 for caudal block in children produced surgical and postoperative analgesia equivalent to that of bupivacaine. (+info)Caudal clonidine for postoperative analgesia in adults. (5/65)
We have assessed the analgesic efficacy and side effects of caudally administered clonidine in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We studied 64 adult patients undergoing elective haemorrhoidectomy. Caudal block was performed in all patients using a mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 35 mg with 2% lidocaine 140 mg and epinephrine 5 micrograms ml-1. Patients were allocated randomly to one of two groups. Clonidine 75 micrograms was added in group C and saline 1 ml in group S. Median time to first analgesic requirements was significantly longer in group C (mean 729 (SD 120) min) than in group S (276 (131) min) (P = 0.01). Bradycardia occurred in seven patients in group C but did not affect mean arterial pressure. (+info)Fissurectomy as a treatment for anal fissures in children. (6/65)
INTRODUCTION: Anal fissures, characterised by painful defecation and rectal bleeding, are common in both children and infants. A significant proportion are resistant to simple laxative therapy, and no simple surgical treatment has been described which does not risk compromising sphincteric function. This study reports the initial experience of fissurectomy as a treatment of this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 36 month period, 37 children with an anal fissure were treated by fissurectomy. There were 14 boys and 23 girls, with an age range of 17 weeks to 12 years. Fissurectomy was performed under general anaesthetic, with additional caudal anaesthesia. Stay sutures were used to avoid the need for an anal retractor, thereby preventing stretching of the internal anal sphincter. Of the 37 operations, 36 (97%) were performed as day cases and all children were discharged on laxative therapy. RESULTS: At review, 6 weeks postoperatively, 30 (81%) were asymptomatic. Six (16%) patients were symptomatic; however, 4 of these had failed to comply with the postoperative laxative regimen. One patient failed follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fissurectomy is a successful treatment for anal fissures, when combined with postoperative laxative therapy. As dilatation of the internal anal sphincter is not involved, the risk of iatrogenic faecal incontinence is obviated. (+info)Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after caudal block in 1-8 year old children. (7/65)
We studied the pharmacokinetics after caudal block of ropivacaine (2 mg ml-1, 1 ml kg-1) performed in 20 children aged 1-8 yr undergoing subumbilical surgery, in this open, non-comparative, multicentre study. Venous blood samples were collected up to 12-36 h. The mean (SD) peak plasma concentration, 0.47 (0.16) mg litre-1, was achieved after 12-249 min. The free fraction was 5% and the highest individual peak plasma concentration of free ropivacaine was 0.04 mg litre-1. Clearance was 7.4 (1.9) ml min-1 kg-1 and the terminal half-life 3.2 (0.8) h. Thus, the free plasma concentrations of ropivacaine were well below those associated with toxic symptoms in adults and the capacity to eliminate ropivacaine seems to be well developed in this age group. In this open study of 20 patients, ropivacaine was well tolerated and provided satisfactory postoperative pain relief without observable motor block. (+info)Newborn blood levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine in the first postnatal day following maternal epidural anesthesia. (8/65)
Distribution and elimination of lidocaine and mepivacaine were studies in 114 subjects after obstetric epidural anesthesia, Epinephrine significantly lowered the concentrations of lidocaine in the mothers' circulations by about 33 per cent, and the concentrations of mepivacaine by about 22 per cent. It also significantly altered their concentrations in the newborns' circulations at delivery and in the first 4 hours after birth. More mepivacaine than lidocaine crossed the placenta. The mepivacaine concentration in the cord blood was 36 to 47 per cent higher, and the mean fetal to maternal ratio for mepivacaine without epinephrine was 0.64, in contrast to 0.52 for the equivalent lidocaine group. Of importance was the long persistance of either drug in the newborns' circulation. Detectable levels of lidocaine and mepivacaine were present until 8 and 24 hours after birth, respectively. Pharmacokinetic models revealed that the long-term rate of disappearance of lidocaine was approximately three times as fast as that of mepivacaine. Computed half-times averaged 3 hours for lidocaine and 9 hours for mepivacaine. (+info)
Caudal anesthesia synonyms, caudal anesthesia antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Caudal Anesthesia - NYSORA
Combined Spinal and Caudal Epidural Anesthesia for Prolonged Surgical Procedures in Pediatric-Aged Patients: A Report of Two...
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Very Low Dose Caudal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Management - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
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Continuous caudal analgesia | definition of continuous caudal analgesia by Medical dictionary
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Publications of Faculty of Medicine:Abstract of Comparative Study of Neostigmine and Ketamine as Additives to Plain Bupivacaine...
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Hiatus
Robert Andrew Hingson
"Continuous Caudal Anesthesia in Obstetrics". American Journal of Surgery. American Journal of Surgery. Retrieved July 15, 2019 ... With the help of colleague Waldo B. Edwards, he also developed the continuous caudal anesthesia epidural administration to ... "The Western Reserve Anesthesia Machine, Oxygen Inhalator, And Resuscitator". Jama Network. Robert Hingson. Retrieved July 15, ... His awards include the Labat Award from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and the President's Volunteer Action Award ...
Louis A. Perrotta
... and caudal anesthesia is presently the most common and safest modality for anesthesia in pregnant women. Early recognition of ... Greenhill, J.P. (September 7, 1944). "Manual Dilatation of the Cervix Under Caudal Anesthesia". American Journal of Obstetrics ... by procaine spinal anesthesia)". The study demonstrated that neuraxial anesthesia could be safely used to alleviate the pain of ... While spinal anesthesia would go on to be indispensable in the world of obstetrics, manual cervical dilation would fall out of ...
Epidural administration
In 1941, Robert Hingson and Waldo Edwards recorded the use of continuous caudal anesthesia using an indwelling needle, ... Edwards WB, Hingson RA (1942). "Continuous caudal anesthesia in obstetrics". American Journal of Surgery. 57 (3): 459-64. doi: ... 42: 483-5. Marx GF (1994). "The first spinal anesthesia. Who deserves the laurels?". Regional Anesthesia. 19 (6): 429-30. PMID ... following which they described the use of a flexible catheter for continuous caudal anesthesia in a woman in labor in 1942. In ...
Obstetric anesthesiology
... the caudal approach to epidural anesthesia in 1901; and Fidel Pages, the lumbar epidural approach in 1921. In 1921, the first ... regional anesthesia, transplant anesthesia and trauma anesthesia.[citation needed] Obstetric anesthesiologists typically serve ... Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology, also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology, is a sub-specialty ... Anesthesia for cesarean sections (C-sections) most commonly uses neuraxial (regional) anesthesia due to its better safety ...
Neuraxial blockade
... such as spinal anesthesia, caudal anesthesia, and epidural anesthesia. The technique is used in surgery, obstetrics, and for ... History of neuraxial anesthesia Miller's Anesthesia (8 ed.). Elsevier. 2015. pp. 1684-1720. Basics of Anesthesia (7 ed.). ... Neuraxial anesthesia refers to local anesthetics placed around the nerves of the central nervous system, ... v t e (Anesthesia, All stub articles, Surgery stubs). ...
History of neuraxial anesthesia
"Continuous Caudal Anesthesia During Labor and Delivery". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 21: 301-11. doi:10.1213/00000539-194201000- ... to study the use of continuous caudal anesthesia for analgesia during childbirth. Hingson and Edwards studied the caudal region ... The first use of continuous caudal anesthesia in a laboring woman was on January 6, 1942, when the wife of a United States ... With the use of continuous caudal anesthesia, the woman and her baby survived. The first described placement of a lumbar ...
Malpuech facial clefting syndrome
Another feature identified with Malpuech syndrome is a caudal appendage. A caudal appendage is a congenital outgrowth stemming ... Successful general anesthesia followed. A rare follow-up of a male with Malpuech syndrome was presented by Priolo et al. (2007 ... For regional anesthesia, methods like spinal blocking are more difficult where scoliosis is present. In a 2010 report by ... Methods like tracheal intubation for management of the airway during general anesthesia can be hampered by the even smaller, or ...
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
EEG measures taken during anesthesia exhibit stereotypic changes as anesthetic depth increases. These changes include complex ... or from spinal cord caudal to the surgery. This allows direct monitoring of motor tracts in the spinal cord. EEG ... The signals change according to various factors, including anesthesia, tissue temperature, surgical stage, and tissue stresses ... The exam has 200 multiple choice questions covering 6 areas: Anesthesia, Neuroscience, Instrumentation, Electro-physiology, ...
Bupivacaine
Miller RD (November 2, 2006). Basics of Anesthesia. Churchill Livingstone. Ma TT, Wang YH, Jiang YF, Peng CB, Yan C, Liu ZG, Xu ... Bupivacaine is indicated for local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, sympathetic nerve block, and epidural and caudal ... However, it is approved for use at term in obstetrical anesthesia. Bupivacaine is excreted in breast milk. Risks of stopping ... It is the most commonly used local anesthetic in epidural anesthesia during labor, as well as in postoperative pain management ...
Miller's Anesthesia
... caudal block in pediatric populations and anesthesia for robot-assisted surgery. New video segments were created for the ... Miller's Anesthesia Review Anesthetic Pharmacology: Physiologic Principles and Clinical Practice Miller's Anesthesia. W B ... One key book to read is Miller's Anesthesia. Miller, Lorraine M. Sdrales, Ronald D. (2013). Miller's anesthesia review (2nd ed ... Major updates include ten new chapters covering robot-administered anesthesia, non-operating room anesthesia, non-opioid ...
Anesthesia
... epidural and caudal anesthesia). Topical anesthesia: local anesthetics that are specially formulated to diffuse through the ... Spinal anesthesia is a "one-shot" injection that provides rapid onset and profound sensory anesthesia with lower doses of ... General anesthesia (as opposed to sedation or regional anesthesia) has three main goals: lack of movement (paralysis), ... Alice Magaw, born in November 1860, is often referred to as "The Mother of Anesthesia". Her renown as the personal anesthesia ...
List of MeSH codes (E03)
... anesthesia, caudal MeSH E03.155.086.231 - anesthesia, local MeSH E03.155.086.331 - anesthesia, spinal MeSH E03.155.086.711 - ... anesthesia, general MeSH E03.155.197.197 - anesthesia, inhalation MeSH E03.155.197.197.280 - anesthesia, closed-circuit MeSH ... anesthesia, intratracheal MeSH E03.155.308 - anesthesia, intravenous MeSH E03.155.364 - anesthesia, obstetrical MeSH E03.155. ... anesthesia, conduction MeSH E03.155.086.131 - anesthesia, epidural MeSH E03.155.086.131.100 - ...
Chloroprocaine
... is used for regional anaesthesia including spinal anaesthesia, caudal anaesthesia and epidural anesthesia It is ... Chestnut: Obstetric Anesthesia, 3rd ed, p333. Hughes: Anesthesia for Obstetrics, 4th ed, p75. "Chloroprocaine". Drug ... mandibular nerve block or maxillary nerve block for dental anesthesia, ophthalmic anesthesia via infraorbital nerve block, ... "Chloroprocaine spinal anesthesia: back to the future?". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 100 (2): 549-52. doi:10.1213/01.ANE. ...
Vasoconstriction
These results suggest that U-46619 elicits contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle by activating Ca2+ entry from the ... Vasoconstrictors mixed with local anesthetics are used to increase the duration of local anesthesia by constricting the blood ... 2005-08-01) [Published on Journal website 2005-07-26]. "Thromboxane A2-induced contraction of rat caudal arterial smooth muscle ... Yagiela JA (1995). "Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia". Anesth Prog. 42 (3-4): 116-20. PMC 2148913. PMID 8934977. ...
Hypospadias
... repair is done under general anesthesia, most often supplemented by a nerve block to the penis or a caudal block to ... reduce the general anesthesia needed, and to minimize discomfort after surgery.[citation needed] Many techniques have been used ...
Docking (animal)
In lambs, tail docking at the distal end of the caudal folds tends to minimize docking effects on incidence of rectal prolapse ... Routine tail-docking without anesthesia is illegal in the EU. The practice continues among large US pig producers. Many breeds ...
Eugen Aburel
"Manuel Martinez Curbelo And Continuous Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia" (PDF). Bulletin of Anesthesia History. 22 (4): 1-8. doi: ... In 1931, Aburel was the first to describe blocking the lumbar plexus during early labor, followed by a caudal epidural ... History of neuraxial anesthesia Collis, Rachel E.; Urquhart, John; Plaat, Felicity (2002). Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia. ...
Cricoid cartilage
Anesthesia (2000): 55: 208-211 Haslam, N., Parker, L., and Duggan, J.E. Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy ... The slender ventral half, and the most caudal of the palpable laryngeal landmarks, is also referred to as the anterior cricoid ... Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 49(5), 503-507. Palmer, JHM, Ball, D.R. The effect of cricoids pressure on the cricoids ... Anesthesia (2005): 60: 41-47 Hocking, G., Roberts, F.L., Thew, M.E. Airway obstruction with cricoids pressure and lateral tilt ...
Equine nasal cysts
If the cyst is located in the caudal maxillary sinus, it may cause the eyeball on the affected side to bulge out of the orbit, ... or under general anesthesia. Treatment involves surgical removal of the cyst and any of the involved lining of the concha. The ...
Aldrete's scoring system
Activity (limb movement) scores may be affected by the use of regional or caudal anaesthesia. Temperature, urine output, oral ... system is a commonly used scale for determining when postsurgical patients can be safely discharged from the post-anesthesia ...
Lameness (equine)
For a front leg, this is when the lower leg is in front of the horse, i.e. angled forward, while the caudal phase is when the ... However, standing MRI tends to be cheaper, and it eliminates the risks of general anesthesia, such as further damage to the ... For a hind leg, the cranial phase occurs when the lower leg is under the body of the horse, and the caudal phase is when the ... A normal horse with have a cranial phase and a caudal phase of equal length: the horse will bring the leg as far forward as it ...
Anorectal abscess
Treatment is possible in an emergency department under local anesthesia, but it is highly preferred to be formally admitted to ... Supralevator abscess forms from cephalad extension of the intersphincteric abscess above the levator ani or from caudal ... a hospital and to have the surgery performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. Generally speaking, a fairly small ... usually experiences an almost complete relief of the severe pain associated to his/her abscess upon waking from anesthesia; the ...
Horse colic
Structures that can be identified include the aorta, caudal pole of the left kidney, nephrosplenic ligament, caudal border of ... At times anesthesia and a rolling procedure, in which the horse is placed in left lateral recumbency and rolled to right ... Additionally, compression can place pressure on the caudal vena cava, leading to pooling of blood and hypovolemia. However, ... It may be performed standing or under general anesthesia, and is less invasive than an exploratory celiotomy (abdominal ...
Vaginal atresia
The formation of the uterovaginal canal is thought to occur from the caudal to the cephalic portion, all while the urogenital ... therefore requiring no surgery or anesthesia. The procedure/technique can take months to complete, with regular compliance ... Females who have both Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster-Hauser syndrome and uterovaginal atresia are theorized to have a failing caudal ...
Septoplasty
Under general or local anesthesia, the surgeon works through the nostrils, making an incision in the lining of the septum to ... Dropped nasal tip due to resection of the caudal margin. Rhinoplasty, surgery involving the entire nose Turbinectomy Empty nose ...
Veterinary dentistry
Caudal cross bite (CXB) - the mandible is wider than the maxilla in the area of the premolars. Instead of the upper fourth ... Basic dental cleaning under general anesthesia includes scaling to remove dental plaque, tartar, and calculus deposits, as well ... animal can only give limited information and a definitive oral examination can only be performed under general anesthesia. ...
Bezold-Jarisch reflex
Tsai, Tony; Greengrass, Roy (2007). "Spinal Anesthesia". In Hadzic, Admir (ed.). Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain ... while axons from the heart also inhibit sympathetic nervous activity via the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and possibly ... Spinal anesthesia: The Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been suggested as a possible cause of profound bradycardia and circulatory ... Miller's Anesthesia Ch.52 Pg. 1642 Smith, M. L. (May 1994). "Mechanisms of vasovagal syncope: relevance to postflight ...
Lumbar vertebrae
The costiform is lateral, the mammillary is superior (cranial), and the accessory is inferior (caudal). The mammillary is ... "Virtual Spine - Online Learning Resource". Toronto Western Hospital Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management. Retrieved ...
Local anesthetic
Epidural anesthesia by a caudal approach had been known in the early 20th century, but a well-defined technique using lumbar ... epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia) Abdominal surgery (epidural anesthesia/spinal anesthesia, often combined ... Local anesthesia of body cavities includes intrapleural anesthesia and intra-articular anesthesia. Transincision (or transwound ... Typical operations performed under conduction anesthesia include: Dentistry (surface anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia or ...
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
While undergoing anesthesia, people with FOP may encounter difficulties with intubation, restrictive pulmonary disease, and ... Later the disease progresses in the ventral, appendicular, caudal and distal regions. However, it does not necessarily occur in ...
List of diseases (C)
... glaucoma CATCH 22 syndrome Catecholamine hypertension Catel-Manzke syndrome Caudal appendage deafness Caudal duplication Caudal ... transport disease Coproporhyria Cor biloculare Cor pulmonale Cor triatriatum Cormier-Rustin-Munnich syndrome Corneal anesthesia ...
Gongylonema pulchrum
The caudal end of the male was asymmetrically alate and bore 10 pairs of papillae and two phasmidal apertures." The average ... A small female Gongylonema worm was surgically removed from her cheek mucosa under local anesthesia, and follow up treatment ...
Endocrine system
The other part is from the caudal extensions of the fourth pharyngobranchial pouches which results in the parafollicular ... ISBN 978-0-07-139140-5. Macksey LF (2012). Surgical procedures and anesthetic implications: a handbook for nurse anesthesia ...
Cauda equina syndrome
Signs and symptoms of cauda equina syndrome include: Severe back pain Saddle anesthesia (see diagram), i.e., anesthesia or ... This degeneration causes compressions in soft tissues and nerve root locations in the caudal area of the medulla, causing ... saddle anesthesia, urinary or fecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction are considered "red flags", i.e. features which require ...
Autonomic nervous system
Johnson, Joel O. (2013), "Autonomic Nervous System Physiology", Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia, Elsevier, pp. 208- ... caudal lumbar ganglia and sacral ganglia Prevertebral ganglia (celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, superior mesenteric ...
Laparoscopy
Use of regional anesthesia (with the recommendation of using a combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia) for laparoscopic ... In the case of reverse Trendelenburg position, pulmonary function tends to improve as there is a caudal shifting of viscera, ... surgery, as opposed to general anesthesia required for many non-laparoscopic procedures, can produce fewer complications and ...
Norepinephrine
Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect and are commonly used as anesthesia enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment ... Noradrenergic cell group A1 is located in the caudal ventrolateral part of the medulla, and plays a role in the control of body ...
Posterior cingulate cortex
In a study involving autobiographical recollection, the caudal part of the left PCC was the only brain structure highly active ... Latasch, L; Christ, R (March 1988). "[Problems in anesthesia of drug addicts]". Der Anaesthesist. 37 (3): 123-39. PMID 3289412 ... The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is the caudal part of the cingulate cortex, located posterior to the anterior cingulate ...
Zona incerta
This is most strong when cholinergic input to the zona incerta is reduced as during slow-wave sleep and during anesthesia. The ... Plaha, P.; Khan, S.; Gill, S. (May 2008). "Bilateral stimulation of the caudal zona incerta nucleus for tremor control". ... of medium-sized multipolar or fusiform shaped cells that are more densely packed than the cells in the dorsal sector a caudal ...
Caudal vs Local Anesthesia in Hypospadias | Clinical Research Trial Listing ( Hypospadias ) ( NCT02512887 )
Dorsal Penile Block Anesthesia (bupivacaine without epinephrine), Caudal block anesthesia, Dorsal Penile Block Anesthesia ... caudal anesthesia is one of the most common regional anesthetic techniques used. Also known as caudal block, it has been shown ... Deviation to pre-established anesthesia protocol Yes for Deviation to pre-established anesthesia protocol exclusion criteria 4 ... As a result, the objective of this superiority, randomized controlled trial is to assess whether the use of caudal anesthesia, ...
CAUDAL ANESTHESIA | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists
Reducing Pain after Inguinal Hernia Repair in Children: Caudal Anesthesia versus Ketorolac Tromethamine Anesthesiology ( ... Analgesic Effects of Caudal and Intramuscular S (+)-Ketamine in Children Anesthesiology (October 2000) ... CAUDAL ANESTHESIA. Anesthesiology 1966; 27:531 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-196607000-00064 ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Comparison of Caudal Anesthesia and Ilioinguinal Block for Pediatric Inguinal Surgeries and Postoperative...
After induction of anesthesia, GroupAreceived caudal block using 1 ml/kg 0.2% ropivacaine + dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg/kg up to ... Comparison of Caudal Anesthesia and Ilioinguinal Block for Pediatric Inguinal Surgeries and Postoperative Analgesia. ... Comparison of Caudal Anesthesia and Ilioinguinal Block for Pediatric Inguinal Surgeries and Postoperative Analgesia. ... We aim to compare the caudal block and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block using the combination ofropivacaine and ...
Addition of Clonidine in Caudal Anesthesia in Children Increases Duration of Post-Operative Analgesia
Children were randomly divided into 2 groups in a double-blind fashion, and were given caudal anesthesia with 0.125% ... we examined the duration of post-operative analgesia in children when clonidine is added to bupivacaine in caudal anesthesia. ... Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were achieved using sodium thiopenthal, halothane and nitrous oxide. ... Children were randomly divided into 2 groups in a double-blind fashion, and were given caudal anesthesia with 0.125% ...
Spinal and epidural anesthesia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Spinal and epidural anesthesia are procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain. They are given ... Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia. In: Pardo MC, Miller RD, eds. Basics of Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia are procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain. They are given ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia work well for certain procedures and do not require placing a breathing tube into the windpipe ( ...
Internet Scientific Publications
It can be seen that 50% of them underwent caudal anesthesia, 34.67% spinal anesthesia, and 15.3% epidural anesthesia. ... For caudal anesthesia we used the combination of lidocaine and bupivacaine to obtain a quick start of anesthesia, motor ... She was given caudal anesthesia without using midazolam or ketamine. The youngest patient with spinal anesthesia was an infant ... Anesthesia y Analgesia. 1993;76: 925-927.. 35. Melman E, Arenas JA, Tandazo WE, Caudal anesthesia for pediatric surgery, an ...
Combined Spinal and Caudal Epidural Anesthesia for Prolonged Surgical Procedures in Pediatric-Aged Patients: A Report of Two...
Combined Spinal and Caudal Epidural Anesthesia for Prolonged Surgical Procedures in Pediatric-Aged Patients: A Report of Two ... Combined Spinal and Caudal Epidural Anesthesia for Prolonged Surgical Procedures in Pediatric-Aged Patients: A Report of Two ... To avoid this limitation, we report a technique combining spinal and caudal epidural anesthesia. We present two infants in whom ... Because of its short duration of action, spinal anesthesia in infants is generally limited to procedures lasting less than 70 ...
ReadySharp-A: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.com
Lumbar and caudal epidural anesthesia should be used with extreme caution in persons with the following conditions: existing ... Epidural, caudal, or pudendal anesthesia may alter the forces of parturition through changes in uterine contractility or ... Use only the single-dose ampuls and single-dose vials for caudal or epidural anesthesia; the multiple-dose vials contain a ... When continuous lumbar or caudal epidural anesthesia is used for non-obstetrical procedures, more drug may be administered if ...
anesthesia - Search Results - PubMed
It is indicated in all longer lasting painful procedures in caudal regions. The technique of … ... Local, regional, and spinal anesthesia techniques are safe effective methods for providing anesthesia for common surg … ... Anesthesia in birds]. Grimm F. Grimm F. Tierarztl Prax. 1987;15(4):381-4. Tierarztl Prax. 1987. PMID: 3327199 Review. German. ... Anesthesia in swine]. Heinritzi K, König HE. Heinritzi K, et al. Tierarztl Prax. 1988;16(1):45-52. Tierarztl Prax. 1988. PMID: ...
DailyMed - SENSORCAINE- bupivacaine hydrochloride injection, solution
SENSORCAINE MPF- bupivacaine hydrochloride and...
For Infiltration, Nerve Block, Caudal and Epidural Anesthesia. Not for Spinal Anesthesia ... For Epidural and Retrobulbar Anesthesia Not for Obstetric Anesthesia Not for Spinal Anesthesia Methylparaben Free Warning: ... For Epidural and Retrobulbar Anesthesia Not for Obstetric Anesthesia Not for Spinal Anesthesia Methylparaben Free Warning: ... For Infiltration, Nerve Block, Caudal and Epidural Anesthesia Not for Spinal Anesthesia ...
Subject: antineoplastic agents / Subject term: antineoplastic activity / Text Availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg Search...
Dissociable Effects of Lidocaine Inactivation of the Rostral and Caudal Basolateral Amygdala on the Maintenance and...
... was infused intraventricularly as needed to maintain anesthesia. Wounds were treated daily until healed with nitrofurazone ... Caudal BLA. The baseline performance profile in rats with cannulas aimed at the cBLA was similar to the profile observed in ... Caudal BLA. A cocaine priming injection in combination with the conditioned S+ cocaine cues reinstated drug-seeking behavior on ... Caudal BLA. In contrast to the rBLA, bilateral lidocaine inactivation of the cBLA during cocaine maintenance test sessions ...
Events
Pediatric Anesthesia Severe Adverse Events Leading to Anesth... : Anesthesia & Analgesia
Caudal anesthesia, in conjunction with GA, is commonly used in our institution, and we perform 40-50 blocks per month. ... and anesthesia pediatric-specific providers, and use of anesthesia drugs with a proven safety record in the pediatric ... 5 The rate of anesthesia mortality where the death occurred after induction of anesthesia, but before the start of surgery, was ... Registry classifies cardiac arrest as anesthesia related if anesthesia personnel or anesthetic process played some role.5 We ...
Endoscopic minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion without general anesthesia: initial clinical experience with 1...
... endoscopic technique for interbody fusion combined with percutaneous screw fixation to obviate the need for general anesthesia ... Kakiuchi M, & Abe K: Preincisional caudal epidural blockade and the relief of pain after lumbar spine operations. Int Orthop 21 ... Kakiuchi M, & Abe K: Preincisional caudal epidural blockade and the relief of pain after lumbar spine operations. Int Orthop 21 ... Matheson D: Epidural anesthesia for lumbar laminectomy and spinal fusion. Can J Anaesth Soc J 149-157, 1960 ...
Spinal Anesthesia - Indications, Advantages, Disadvantages, Complications & Side Effects
... a form of regional anesthesia involves the injection of certain anesthetic drugs into a fluid-filled space in which the spinal ... Assessment of an ultrasound-guided technique for catheterization of the caudal thoracic paravertebral space in dog cadavers. - ... Spinal Anesthesia Spinal anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia. It is easy to administer & is suited for surgeries ... What is Spinal Anesthesia?. Spinal anesthesia is a form of regional anesthesia that involves the injection of certain ...
The AMEDEO Literature Guide
The Effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the Neurophysiology of the Monkey Caudal Prefrontal Cortex | eNeuro
Surgeries were conducted under general anesthesia using isofluorane administered via endotracheal intubation. Previous to the ... Petrides M, Pandya DN (2006) Efferent association pathways originating in the caudal prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey. J ... 2A; Leavitt et al., 2013). The multielectrode array was inserted on the prearcuate convexity posterior to the caudal end of the ... Our conclusions therefore can only be applied to the most caudal aspect of the PFC in monkeys. Second, there is a significant ...
Circumcision Treatment for Infants - pesinet.org
Caudal. Anesthesia, on the contrary, blocks pain in the lower back, stomach, and lower trunk. A baby. who is under general ... General anesthesia is the best option for infant circumcision. This will put the child completely to. sleep and relaxes his ... anesthesia wont feel the circumcision. He will be able go about his daily. routine without any pain. ...
Lidocaine Hydrochloride, and Epinephrine, Injection, USP - Prescription Drugs
Anesthesia. Caudal. Obstetrical analgesia. Surgical anesthesia. 1. 1. 1.5. 2. 1. 1.5. 20 to 30. 25 to 30. 15 to 20. 10 to 15. ... Lumbar and caudal epidural anesthesia should be used with extreme caution in persons with the following conditions: existing ... When continuous lumbar or caudal epidural anesthesia is used for non-obstetrical procedures, more drug may be administered if ... For continuous epidural or caudal anesthesia, the maximum recommended dosage should not be administered at intervals of less ...
Are Attributes of Pregnancy and the Delivery Room Experience Related to Development of Autism? A Review of the Perinatal and...
Refinement Database | Animal Welfare Institute
A comparison of buffered tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and isoeugenol anesthesia for caudal fin clipping in zebrafish ( ... However, anesthesia long-term side effects remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess anesthesia quality ... and isoeugenol for the anesthesia of zebrafish undergoing caudal fin clipping. Eighty 9 mo Danio rerio (AB strain)... ... The use of proper anesthesia in zebrafish research is essential to ensure fish welfare and data reliability. ...
Abdominal Hernias Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Hernia Reduction, Topical Therapy
Older children usually have general inhalation anesthesia, whereas some anesthesia providers use spinal or continuous caudal ... Preemptive regional anesthesia, by ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block or by caudal block, decreases postoperative ... In children, umbilical hernia repair is best performed with general anesthesia, whereas in adults, regional or local anesthesia ... Local anesthesia is sufficient for most repairs in adults; however, prolonged procedures, repair of hernias with a large ...
Caudal fossa respiratory epithelial cyst in a dog: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic findings |...
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... compared with the Hct for samples obtained from the caudal tail artery. When compared on the basis of metabolic class, sharks ... lower in blood samples collected from the cranial dorsal fin sinus compared with values for samples collected from the caudal ... Procedures-Blood samples were collected from the caudal tail artery followed by collection from the sinus located immediately ... caudal to the cranial dorsal fin. The Hct was determined for each sample and results were compared. Additionally, results for ...
HIE Multimedia - Spinal and epidural anesthesia
Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia. In: Pardo MC, Miller RD, eds. Basics of Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia. Intrathecal anesthesia; Subarachnoid anesthesia; Epidural. Spinal and epidural anesthesia are ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia work well for certain procedures and do not require placing a breathing tube into the windpipe ( ... Spinal and epidural anesthesia are generally safe. Ask your doctor about these possible complications:. *Allergic reaction to ...
NY State Assembly Bill A7268A
... requires collaboration with a licensed physician qualified to determine the need for anesthesia services; requires licensing; ... WHICH INCLUDES GENERAL ANESTHESIA, MONITORED ANESTHESIA CARE, LOCAL ANES- THESIA, REGIONAL ANESTHESIA, SPINAL, EPIDURAL, CAUDAL ... "UNSUPPLEMENTED LOCAL ANESTHESIA" MEANS THE USE OF LOCAL ANES- THESIA WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTING WITH MONITORED ANESTHESIA CARE. § ... "SUPPLEMENTED LOCAL ANESTHESIA" MEANS THE USE OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA SUPPLEMENTED WITH MONITORED ANESTHESIA CARE. 11. " ...
Effects of Anesthesia and Elective Ovariectomy on Serial Blood Gases and Lactates in Yellow Perch and Walleye Pike: Can Lactate...
Blood samples were collected via repeated phlebotomy of the caudal vein of each fish at three-time points; preanesthesia, ... Effects of Anesthesia and Elective Ovariectomy on Serial Blood Gases and Lactates in Yellow Perch and Walleye Pike: Can Lactate ... Mean pH decreased with anesthesia but returned to preanesthetic levels postsurgery. Mean lactate (±SD) increased from ... on a recirculating anesthesia machine for elective ovariectomy. ...
Esophageal Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach - WSAVA2007 - VIN
Deep anesthesia can cause a relaxation of the striated esophageal muscles and therefore be misinterpreted as dilation. ... It is likely the cause of esophagitis, when the inflammation mainly affects the caudal part of the esophagus. Gastroscopy with ... In patients with incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter, vomiting during anesthesia for endoscopy can lead to temporary ... Gastroesophageal reflux is difficult to assess due to esophageal relaxation during anesthesia causing opening of the lower ...