Androstenedione. Medical search

A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.

A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.

A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.

An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.

The flattened stroma cells forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature OVARIAN FOLLICLE. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily ANDROGENS which serve as precusors of ESTROGENS in the GRANULOSA CELLS.

Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.

Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and converts them to C18 estrogens. In this process, the 19-methyl is removed. This enzyme is membrane-bound, located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-producing cells of ovaries, placenta, testes, adipose, and brain tissues. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene, and functions in complex with NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE in the cytochrome P-450 system.

Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.

The family of steroids from which the androgens are derived.

The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.

A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.

An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.

A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.

A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.

The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.

An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).

The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

A metabolite of TESTOSTERONE or ANDROSTENEDIONE with a 3-alpha-hydroxyl group and without the double bond. The 3-beta hydroxyl isomer is epiandrosterone.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).

Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.

Unsaturated androstane derivatives which are substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position in the ring system.

Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.

A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

An erectile structure homologous with the penis, situated beneath the anterior labial commissure, partially hidden between the anterior ends of the labia minora.

An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.

A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric "female"(CHIMERISM).

An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.

Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.

17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.

A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The external and internal organs related to reproduction.

Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.

Unsaturated androstanes which are substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position in the ring system.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 16-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme is encoded by a number of genes from several CYP2 subfamilies.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.

The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a 3 beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid to 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid in the presence of NAD. It converts pregnenolone to progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione. EC 1.1.1.145.

A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.

The degeneration and resorption of an OVARIAN FOLLICLE before it reaches maturity and ruptures.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.

Development of male secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the FEMALE. It is due to the effects of androgenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.

Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.

Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of TESTOSTERONE to 5-ALPHA DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.

The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS; ESTRUS; METESTRUS; DIESTRUS; and ANESTRUS).

Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.

Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONES; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.

The insertion of a tube into the stomach, intestines, or other portion of the gastrointestinal tract to allow for the passage of food products, etc.

The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.

The period of the MENSTRUAL CYCLE representing follicular growth, increase in ovarian estrogen (ESTROGENS) production, and epithelial proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM. Follicular phase begins with the onset of MENSTRUATION and ends with OVULATION.

Abnormally infrequent menstruation.

An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of 3-oxo-delta4 steroids into their corresponding 5alpha form. It plays an important role in the conversion of TESTOSTERONE into DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE and PROGESTERONE into DIHYDROPROGESTERONE.

A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

17 beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-ones. Testosterone derivatives formed by the substitution of one or more hydroxyl groups in any position.

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

The period before MENOPAUSE. In premenopausal women, the climacteric transition from full sexual maturity to cessation of ovarian cycle takes place between the age of late thirty and early fifty.

A major cytochrome P-450 enzyme which is inducible by PHENOBARBITAL in both the LIVER and SMALL INTESTINE. It is active in the metabolism of compounds like pentoxyresorufin, TESTOSTERONE, and ANDROSTENEDIONE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP2B1 gene, also mediates the activation of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE and IFOSFAMIDE to MUTAGENS.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194)

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 11-beta-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11B1 gene, is important in the synthesis of CORTICOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Defects in CYP11B1 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.

A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.

The treatment of insulin resistance does not improve adrenal cytochrome P450c17alpha enzyme dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. (1/906)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether metformin. when given to non-diabetic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), results in a reduction of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia while body weight is maintained. Also we aimed to see whether the reduction in insulin levels attenuates the activity of adrenal P450c17alpha enzyme in patients with PCOS. DESIGN: We investigated the 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione responses to ACTH, insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glucose disposal rate in an insulin tolerance test before and after metformin therapy (500 mg, orally, twice daily, for 12 weeks). METHODS: The presence of hyperinsulinemia in 15 women with PCOS was demonstrated by an OGTT and results were compared with those of 10 healthy women. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the rate of endogenous glucose disposal after i.v. bolus injection of insulin. 17-OHP and androstenedione responses to ACTH were measured in all the women with PCOS and the normal women. RESULTS: Women with PCOS were hyperinsulinemic (102.0+/-13.0 (S.E.M.) VS 46.2+/-4.4 pmol/l) and hyperandrogenemic (free testosterone 15.3+/-1.7 vs 7.9+/-0.6 nmol/l; androstenedione 11.8+/-0.8 vs 8.2+/-0.6 nmol/l) and more hirsute (modified Ferriman-Gallwey score, 17.7+/-1.6 vs 3.0+/-0.3) than healthy women. In addition, women with PCOS had higher 17-OHP and androstenedione responses to ACTH when compared with healthy women. Metformin therapy resulted in some improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduced the basal and post-glucose load insulin levels. But 17-OHP and androstenedione responses to ACTH were unaltered in response to metformin. CONCLUSIONS: PCOS is characterized by hyperactivity of the adrenal P450c17alpha enzyme and insulin resistance. It seems that there is no direct relationship between insulin resistance and adrenal P450c17alpha enzyme dysregulation. (+info)

The aromatase inactivator 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) inhibits tamoxifen metabolism by rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 3A: potential for drug-drug interaction of tamoxifen and 4-OH-A in combined anti-breast cancer therapy. (2/906)

Tamoxifen (tam), an anti-breast cancer agent, is metabolized into tam-N-oxide by the hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase and into N-desmethyl- and 4-hydroxy-tam by cytochrome P-450s (CYPs). Additionally, tam is metabolically activated by hepatic CYP3A, forming a reactive intermediate that binds covalently to proteins. Tam and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) are currently used to treat breast cancer, and it has been contemplated that 4-OH-A be given concurrently with tam to contravene potential tumor resistance to tam. Because alterations in tam metabolism may influence its therapeutic efficacy, the effect of 4-OH-A on tam metabolism was examined. Incubation of tam with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats, in the presence of 4-OH-A (10-100 microM), resulted in marked inhibition of tam-N-demethylation and tam covalent binding and in decreased tam-N-oxide accumulation; however, there was no inhibition of the formation of 4-hydroxy-tam and of 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen. These findings indicate that 4-OH-A inhibits CYP3A, but not P-450(s) that catalyze tam 4-hydroxylation. The diminished tam-N-oxide accumulation could be due to decreased N-oxide formation and/or due to increased N-oxide reduction. Incubation of tam-N-oxide with liver microsomes containing heat-inactivated flavin-containing monooxygenase demonstrated that 4-OH-A increases the accumulation of tam, possibly by diminishing its P-450-mediated metabolism. Kinetic studies indicate that 4-OH-A is a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A, but not a time-dependent inactivator. Consequently, the concurrent treatment of tam and 4-OH-A may result in increased tam half-life and thus could potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of tam and diminish the potential side effects of tam by inhibiting its covalent binding to proteins and possibly to DNA. (+info)

Dihydrotestosterone, stanozolol, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate inhibit leptin secretion in female but not in male samples of omental adipose tissue in vitro: lack of effect of testosterone. (3/906)

Leptin, the product of the Ob gene, is a polypeptide hormone expressed in adipocytes which acts as a signalling factor from the adipose tissue to the central nervous system, regulating food intake and energy expenditure. It has been reported that circulating leptin levels are higher in women than in men, even after correction for body fat. This gender-based difference may be conditioned by differences in the levels of androgenic hormones. To explore this possibility, a systematic in vitro study with organ cultures from human omental adipose tissue, either stimulated or not with androgens (1 microM), was undertaken in samples obtained from surgery on 44 non-obese donors (21 women and 23 men). The assay was standardized in periods of 24 h, ending at 96 h, with no apparent tissue damage. Leptin results are expressed as the mean+/-s.e.m. of the integrated secretion into the medium, expressed as ng leptin/g tissue per 48 h. Spontaneous leptin secretion in samples from female donors (4149+/-301) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that from male donors (2456+/-428). Testosterone did not exert any significant effect on in vitro leptin secretion in either gender (4856+/-366 in women, 3322+/-505 in men). Coincubation of adipose tissue with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced a significant (P<0.05) leptin decrease in samples taken from women (3119+/-322) but not in those taken from men (2042+/-430). Stanozolol, a non-aromatizable androgen, decreased (P<0.05) leptin secretion in female samples (2809+/-383) but not in male (1553+/-671). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) induced a significant (P<0.01) leptin decrease in female samples (2996+/-473), with no modifications in samples derived from males (1596+/-528). Exposure to androstenedione also resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.01) of leptin secretion in samples taken from women (2231+/-264), with no effect on male adipose tissue (1605+/-544). In conclusion, DHT, stanozolol, DHEA-S and androstenedione induced a significant inhibition of in vitro leptin secretion in samples from female donors, without affecting the secretion in samples from men. Testosterone was devoid of activity in either gender. (+info)

Ovarian hormone secretory response to gonadotropins and nitric oxide following chronic nitric oxide deficiency in the rat. (4/906)

Ovarian hormone secretion is regulated by gonadotropins, and it has been demonstrated that this response is modulated by nitric oxide (NO). The focus of this study was to determine the effect of chronic NO deficiency on the secretion of ovarian steroids. Female rats were given N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 0.6 g/L) in their drinking water, and vaginal smears were obtained daily. By 4 wk of treatment, all the rats were in constant estrus or proestrus. At 6-8 wk the animals were killed; the ovaries were removed and incubated in the presence of eCG (1 IU/ml) and hCG (1 IU/ml) and/or S-nitroso-L-acetyl penicillamine (an NO donor, S-NAP; 0.1 mM) for 4 h. Medium was collected at 30-min intervals, and estradiol, progesterone, and androstenedione were measured. Ovaries from proestrous rats served as controls. Ovaries from L-NNA-treated animals had a greater basal and gonadotropin-stimulated release of estradiol but not of androstenedione or progesterone in comparison to ovaries from untreated controls. S-NAP decreased the gonadotropin-stimulated estradiol, progesterone, and androstenedione in ovaries from NO-deficient rats. Steroid secretion in controls was not responsive to S-NAP. We conclude that chronic NO inhibition produces constant estrus due to increased estradiol production and that NO acts to inhibit estradiol and androstenedione production. (+info)

YM116, 2-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole, decreases adrenal androgen synthesis by inhibiting C17-20 lyase activity in NCI-H295 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. (5/906)

The concentrations of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, products of C17-20 lyase, in the medium after a 6-hr incubation of NCI-H295 cells were decreased by YM116 (2-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole) (IC50: 3.6 and 2.1 nM) and ketoconazole (IC50: 54.9 and 54.2 nM). 17Alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, a product of 17alpha-hydroxylase, was increased by YM116 (1-30 nM) and by ketoconazole (10-300 nM) and then was decreased at higher concentrations of both agents (IC50: 180 nM for YM116, 906 nM for ketoconazole), indicating that YM116 and ketoconazole were 50- and 16.5-fold more specific inhibitors of C17-20 lyase, respectively, than 17alpha-hydroxylase. Compatible with these findings, progesterone, a substrate of 17alpha-hydroxylase, was increased by these agents. Cortisol production was inhibited by YM116 and ketoconazole (IC50: 50.4 and 80.9 nM, respectively). YM116 was a 14-fold more potent inhibitor of androstenedione production than cortisol production, whereas ketoconazole was a nonselective inhibitor of the production of both steroids. YM116 and ketoconazole inhibited the C17-20 lyase activity in human testicular microsomes (IC50: 4.2 and 17 nM, respectively). These results demonstrate that YM116 reduces the synthesis of adrenal androgens by preferentially inhibiting C17-20 lyase activity. (+info)

The effect of chronic treatment with GH on gonadal function in men with isolated GH deficiency. (6/906)

Eleven adult males, previously submitted to neurosurgery because of a pituitary lesion (three with craniopharyngioma, three with clinically non-functioning adenoma and five with macroprolactinoma) were treated with recombinant GH for 12 months after the diagnosis of GH deficiency was made. Circulating FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), dehyroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S), androstenedione. 17-OH-progesterone (17OHP), IFG-I, and steroid hormone-binding protein (SHBG) levels were assayed before and after CG test at study entry and 6 and 12 months after GH treatment. A significant increase in plasma IGF-I levels was obtained after 6 and 12 months of GH treatment. In addition, CG-stimulated, but not baseline, testosterone levels showed a significant increase after 6 and 12 months of GH treatment when compared with study entry (9.6 +/- 0.5 and 9.9 +/- 0.5 vs 7.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Baseline, but not CG-stimulated, serum 17OHP levels were significantly increased only after 12 months of GH treatment (1.7 +/- 0.1 vs 1.4 +/- 0.1 ng/ml; P < 0.05). No significant difference was found as far as both basal and CG-stimulated E2, androstenedione, DHEA-S and SHBG were concerned. With regards to the semen analysis, only seminal plasma volume was significantly increased after 12 months of GH treatment (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs 1.7 +/- 0.3 ml; P < 0.05). No significant change in sperm count, motility and abnormal forms was observed. These data show that GH treatment displays a clear-cut effect upon Leydig cell function and increases the production of seminal plasma volume in fertile adult males with isolated GH deficiency. (+info)

Dynamics of periovulatory steroidogenesis in the rhesus monkey follicle after ovarian stimulation. (7/906)

The temporal relationships and regulation of events in the primate follicle during the periovulatory interval are poorly understood. This study was designed to elucidate the dynamics of steroid synthesis in the macaque follicle during ovarian stimulation cycles in which serum/follicular fluid aspirates were collected at precise intervals before (0 h) and after (up to 36 h) administration of the ovulatory human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) bolus. Serum concentrations of progesterone increased (P < 0.05) within 30 min, and follicular fluid progesterone concentrations were elevated 180-fold within 12 h, of HCG injection, and remained elevated until the time of ovulation. In contrast, 17beta-oestradiol concentrations increased initially, but then declined (P < 0.05) by 36 h post-HCG. Acute incubation of granulosa cells with and without steroidogenic substrates demonstrated that: (i) 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase activities were present in equivalent amounts before and after HCG; whereas (ii) P450 side-chain cleavage activity increased (P < 0.05) within 12 h of HCG; and (iii) exogenous low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol were not utilized for steroidogenesis. This model should be useful for further studies on ovulation and luteinization in primates, and enable elucidation of the local actions of progesterone and other steroids at specific time points during the periovulatory interval. (+info)

Concentration of steroids in bovine peripheral plasma during the oestrous cycle and the effect of betamethasone treatment. (8/906)

Testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone were measured in peripheral plasma during the oestrous cycle of 6 heifers. Oestradiol and progesterone results confirmed earlier reports. Concentration of testosterone on the day of oestrus was 40+/-3 pg/ml (mean+/-S.E.M.), and two peaks were detected during the cycle, one 7 days before oestrus (1809+/-603 pg/ml) and the other (78+/- 7 pg/ml) on the day before the onset of oestrus. The concentration of progesterone declined in most cases 1 day after the maximum concentration of testosterone. Betamethasone treatment in 5 heifers extended luteal function by an average of 10 days: plasma androstenedione and oestradiol concentrations were unaltered; cortisol values were depressed for at least 16 days after treatment; testosterone concentrations were lowered by 13+/-2-4% during treatment, and except in one heifer the peak on Day -7 was abolished. (+info)

Possible role of androstenedione[edit]. Androstenedione is a hormone that is converted to testosterone by enzymatic activity.[ ... Large amounts of androstenedione are produced in hyena ovarian tissues with little aromatase activity allowing the placenta to ... These high levels of androstenedione contribute to aggression and dominance and the masculinization of genitalia during puberty ... "Androstenedione may organize or activate sex-reversed traits in female spotted hyenas". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-penis

Androstenedione is produced in the testis, as well as the adrenal cortex. Androstenedione is created from ... This leads to a clinically important higher ratio of androstenedione to testosterone. In terms of the diagnosis of 17β- ... "androstenedione , C19H26O2 - PubChem". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-17. "HSD17B3 hydroxysteroid 17-beta ... levels of testosterone and increased levels of androstenedione as a result of the defect in conversion of androstenedione into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase_III_deficiency

Joseph M. Papp of the US tested positive for metabolites of testosterone or its precursors (6?-OH-androstenedione 6?-OH- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_cycling

Other blood value that may be evaluated in the workup of hirsutism include: androgens; androstenedione, testosterone thyroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism

At the time, androstenedione was a substance of widespread consumption around the major leagues, as the FDA did not prohibit ... In 2004, MLB announced they had listed androstenedione as a banned substance in accordance with their drug policy. In April ... Activities of focus included concentrated weight lifting, change of diet, and the use of creatine and androstenedione. By the ... c The topic of the use of androstenedione drew substantially increased attention in 1998 during McGwire's and Sammy Sosa's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bagwell

19-Nor-5-androstenedione. *19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone. *Bolandiol *Bolandiol dipropionate. *Bolandione (19-nor-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenbolone_hexahydrobenzylcarbonate

InChI=1S/C29H31NO4/c1-20-26-14-11-24(32)19-27(26)34-29(28(20)21-5-9-23(31)10-6-21)22-7-12-25(13-8-22)33-18-17-30-15-3-2-4-16-30/h5-14,19,29,31-32H,2-4,15-18H2,1H3/t29-/m0/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acolbifene

The Women's Health Initiative trials were conducted between 1991 and 2006 and were the first large, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of HRT in healthy women.[52] Their results were both positive and negative, suggesting that during the time of hormone therapy itself, there are increases in invasive breast cancer, stroke and lung clots. Other risks include increased endometrial cancer, gallbladder disease, and urinary incontinence, while benefits include decreased hip fractures, decreased incidence of diabetes, and improvement of vasomotor symptoms. There also is an increased risk of dementia with HRT in women over 65, though when given earlier it appears to be neuroprotective. After the cessation of HRT, the WHI continued observe its participants, and found that most of these risks and benefits dissipated, though some elevation in breast cancer risk did persist.[24] Other studies have also suggested an increased risk of ovarian cancer.[43] The arm of the WHI receiving combined ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy

19-Nor-5-androstenedione. *19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone. *Bolandiol *Bolandiol dipropionate. *Bolandione (19-nor-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norethindrone

... (INN) (brand names Colpotrofin, Colpotrophine, Delipoderm), also known as estradiol 3-propyl 17β-methyl diether, is a synthetic steroidal estrogen which is used topically in a 1% cream formulation.[1][2][3][4] It is the 3-propyl and 17β-methyl diether of estradiol.[5] The drug is described as a tropic agent and antiseborrheic.[1] It has not been found to be effective in the treatment of androgenic alopecia or other conditions of cutaneous androgenization.[6][7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promestriene

19-Nor-5-androstenedione. *19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone. *Bolandiol *Bolandiol dipropionate. *Bolandione (19-nor-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxabolone_cipionate

Specific substrates include testosterone, progesterone, androstenedione, epitestosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Reductase_inhibitor

... s include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) fulvestrant,[4][5] aromatase inhibitors (AIs) like anastrozole, and antigonadotropins including androgens/anabolic steroids, progestogens, and GnRH analogues. Although aromatase inhibitors and antigonadotropins can be considered antiestrogens by some definitions, they are often treated as distinct classes.[6] Aromatase inhibitors and antigonadotropins reduce the production of estrogen, while the term "antiestrogen" is often reserved for agents reducing the response to estrogen.[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiestrogen

... with androstenedione as an intermediate) and estradiol),[32] though another study reported its inhibition to be potent and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danazol

PEP produces minimal undesirable effects on coagulation factors and is thought to increase the risk of blood clots little or not at all.[28][29] This is in spite of the fact that estradiol levels can reach high concentrations of as much as 700 pg/mL with high-dose (320 mg/month) PEP therapy.[30] It is also in contrast to oral synthetic estrogens such as diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol, which produce marked increases in coagulation factors and high rates of blood clots at the high doses used to achieve castrate levels of testosterone in prostate cancer.[28][29][6] The difference between the two types of therapies is due to the bioidentical and parenteral nature of PEP and its minimal influence on liver protein synthesis.[28][29][6] PEP might actually reduce the risk of blood clots, due to decreases in levels of certain procoagulatory proteins.[28][29] Although PEP does not increase the hepatic production or levels of procoagulatory factors, it has been found to significantly decrease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyestradiol_phosphate

... , or Δ8-estrone, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-3-ol-17-one, is a naturally occurring estrogen found in horses which is closely related to equilin, equilenin, and estrone, and, as the 3-sulfate ester sodium salt, is a minor constituent (3.5%) of conjugated estrogens (Premarin).[1][2][3][4] It produces 8,9-dehydro-17β-estradiol as an important active metabolite, analogously to conversion of estrone or estrone sulfate into estradiol.[2][4][5][3] The compound was first described in 1997.[6][3] In addition to 8,9-dehydroestrone and 8,9-dehydro-17β-estradiol, 8,9-dehydro-17α-estradiol is likely also to be present in conjugated estrogens, but has not been identified at this time.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestrone

Androstenedione is a substance of weak androgenic activity which serves predominantly as a precursor for more potent androgens ... Correlation of the extent of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone with age". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology ... The conversion of androstenedione to testosterone is catalyzed by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), whereas the ... In females, synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oestrogen

19-Nor-5-androstenedione. *19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone. *Bolandiol *Bolandiol dipropionate. *Bolandione (19-nor-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metenolone_enanthate

19-Nor-5-androstenedione. *19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone. *Bolandiol *Bolandiol dipropionate. *Bolandione (19-nor-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone_phenylpropionate

19-Nor-5-androstenedione. *Bolandiol *Bolandiol dipropionate. *Bolandione (19-nor-4-androstenedione) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drostanolone_propionate

... , sold under the brand names Femtrace, Femring, and Menoring, is an estrogen medication which is used in hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in women.[3][4][5][6] It is taken by mouth or given as a vaginal ring once every three months.[1] Side effects of estradiol acetate include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, nausea, headache, and fluid retention.[7][5][6] Estradiol acetate is a synthetic estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), the biological target of estrogens like estradiol.[8][9] It is an estrogen ester and a prodrug of estradiol in the body.[9][8] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of estrogen.[9] Estradiol acetate was introduced for medical use in 2001.[10] It is available in the United States and the United Kingdom.[10][3] The formulation for use by mouth has been discontinued in the United States.[11] .mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_acetate

... belongs to a class of drugs called 5α-reductase inhibitors, which block the action of the 5α-reductase enzymes that convert testosterone into DHT.[36] It inhibits all three forms of 5α-reductase, and can decrease DHT levels in the blood by up to 98%.[1][37][38] Specifically it is a competitive, mechanism-based (irreversible) inhibitor of all three isoforms of 5α-reductase, types I, II, and III (IC50 values are 3.9 nM for type I and 1.8 nM for type II).[1][37][39][40] This is in contrast to finasteride, which is similarly an irreversible inhibitor of 5α-reductase[40][41] but only inhibits the type II and III isoenzymes.[37] As a result of this difference, dutasteride is able to achieve a reduction in circulating DHT levels of up to 98%, whereas finasteride is able to achieve a reduction of only 65 to 70%.[38][2][36][42] In spite of the differential reduction in circulating DHT levels, the two drugs decrease levels of DHT to a similar extent of approximately 85 to 90% in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutasteride

... is closely related structurally to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and parabens such as methylparaben, and also bears a close resemblance to diethylstilbestrol (which, in fact, produces paroxypropione as an active metabolite)[6][7] and alkylphenols like nonylphenol, all of which are also estrogens.[8][9] The drug possesses relatively low affinity for the estrogen receptor[4] and must be given at high dosages to achieve significant estrogenic and antigonadotropic effects, for instance, 0.8 to 1.6 g/day.[10][11] It possesses 0.1% of the estrogenic activity and less than 0.5% of the antigonadotropic potency of estrone.[12] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paroxypropione

... (INN) (brand names Acnestrol, Longestrol; former developmental code name LN-107), also known as α-bromo-α,β-diphenyl-β-p-ethylphenylethylene (BDPE), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group[1] that has been used in Europe as a dermatological agent and for the treatment of breast cancer.[2][3][4][5][6] The drug is described as slightly estrogenic[7] and potently antiestrogenic,[8][9] and inhibits mammary gland development and suppresses prolactin levels in animals.[10] It is structurally related to clomifene and diethylstilbestrol.[6][10] Broparestrol is a mixture of E- and Z- isomers (LN-1643 and LN-2299, respectively), both of which are active and are similarly antiestrogenic but, unlike broparestrol, were never marketed.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LN-1643

... (TPBE; brand names Bromylene, Eitriphin, Oestronyl, Prostilban, Tribenorm), also known as bromotriphenylethylene or as phenylstilbene bromide, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen of the triphenylethylene group that was marketed in the 1940s similarly to the closely related estrogen triphenylchloroethylene.[1][2] A diethoxylated derivative of triphenylbromoethylene, estrobin (DBE), is also an estrogen, but, in contrast, was never marketed.[3] An ethylated derivative of triphenylbromoethylene, broparestrol (BDPE), is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been marketed.[4][5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenylbromoethylene

Oxygenative lactonization of androstenedione to testololactone". Journal of Biochemistry. 99 (3): 825-32. PMID 3486864. ... androstenedione + acetate + NADP+ + H2O Ketosteroid monooxygenase is a single FAD-containing enzyme that catalyses three types ... androstenedione, NADPH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (17-hydroxylating, lactonizing)) is an enzyme with systematic name ketosteroid, ... androstenedione + NADPH + H+ + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } testololactone + NADP+ + H2O (3) 17alpha- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketosteroid_monooxygenase

Progesterone is the entry into the Δ4 pathway, resulting in production of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione, ... DHEA is the precursor of androstenedione. Pregnenolone can be converted to androstadienol by 16-ene synthase (CYP17A1). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnenolone

The dominant route of DHT synthesis in human CRPC bypasses testosterone, and instead requires 5α-reduction of androstenedione ... Milewich L, Kaimal V, Toews GB (May 1983). "Androstenedione metabolism in human alveolar macrophages". The Journal of Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRD5A1

... is an analogue of androstenedione. Formestane is often used to suppress the production of estrogens from anabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formestane

Examples: dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, androstenediol, bolandiol, bolandione. Removal of the ketone at the C3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure–activity_relationships_of_anabolic_steroids

Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous ... Androstenedione is produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads. The production of adrenal androstenedione is governed by ... Androstenedione is the common precursor of the androgen and estrogen sex hormones. Androstenedione can be biosynthesized in one ... Androstenedione is released into the blood by theca cells. Conversion of androstenedione to estrone requires the enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedione

... when an androstenedione test is ordered, and what the results of an androstenedione test might mean ... Androstenedione levels are not usually used to monitor this process.. Adrenal androstenedione is the major source of androgens ... This test measures the amount of androstenedione in the blood.. Androstenedione is produced by the ovaries in women, the ... Yes, the level of androstenedione (or "andro") can be done as part of testing for sports doping. Androstenedione is sometimes ...

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/androstenedione

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C19H26O2/c1-18-9-7-13

Learn more about Androstenedione uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products ... Estrogens interacts with ANDROSTENEDIONE. Androstenedione seems to increase estrogen levels in the body. Taking androstenedione ... Androstenedione is a steroid hormone. It is used to make medicine.. Androstenedione is used to increase the production of the ... This is because women with PCOS have naturally high levels of androstenedione. But it is not known if taking androstenedione ...

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-780/androstenedione

Androstenedione may refer to: 4-Androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione) - an endogenous weak androgen and estrogen and ... a prohormone of testosterone and hence an anabolic-androgenic steroid 1-Androstenedione (5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione) - a ... intermediate to/prohormone of testosterone 5-Androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione) - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedione_(disambiguation)

Since, scientists regarded androstenedione as a "probable intermediate product in the biological formation of the male and ... Androstenedione has been on the market for less then ten years. In 2004 George Bush signed a new version of the Anabolic ... Androstenedione was not a new compound. Researchers discovered it in the thirties of the 20th century in urine, when they were ... When Osmo introduced androstenedione in October 1996, as capsules and not as a spray, the company used details from the Eastern ...

http://www.ergogenics.org/anabolenboek/profiel1en.html

Learn more about Androstenedione at Portsmouth Regional Hospital Uses Principal Proposed Uses Sports Performance Enhancement ... Androstenedione is also transformed into estrogen. Androstenedione is widely used by athletes who believe that it can build ... then turns DHEA into androstenedione, and finally transforms androstenedione into testosterone, the principal male sex hormone ... Androstenedione is not an essential nutrient-your body manufactures it from scratch. It is found in meat and in some plants, ...

https://portsmouthhospital.com/hl/?/21491/Androstenedione&com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1

Androstenedione, S. Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione. 4- ...

https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/9709

1) What is androstenedione? Is it a steroid?. Probably the easiest question of them all. Androstenedione is a steroid, it is. ... Androstenedione falls into that category.. It has been well reported that androstenedione is converted by enzymes in the. body ... That being said, androstenedione isnt nearly as potent as, say, some of the. synthetic junk Ben Johnson was taking (or the ... named androstenedione - and national. controversy ensued.. It is true that the pursuit of the most recognized record in sports ...

https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/186/homers-and-hormones-mark-mcgwire-and-androstenedione/

Question: Androstenedione is being touted as a safe and effective steroid for increasing testosterone levels in men (and women ... Answer: Androstenedione (an-dro-steen-dye-own) is an intermediate in the steroid pathway from DHEA to testosterone (see Figure ... The problem with androstenedione is that it is quickly metabolized into estrogens. Estrogens have strong anti-testosterone-like ... Androstenedione is more closely linked to the estrogen branches of the steroid tree than DHEA, which also has potential ...

http://ceri.com/q_v6n8q1.htm

Molecular model of the structure of the human hormone Androstenedione. Atoms are represented as rods and are colour- coded: ... carbon (blue), hydrogen (gold), and oxygen (red). Androstenedione is a steroid that is produced in the adrenal glands of both ... Caption: Androstenedione hormone. Molecular model of the structure of the human hormone Androstenedione. Atoms are represented ... Keywords: 1, adrenal, andro, androgen, androstenedione, athletics, banned, biochemical, biochemistry, chemical, chemistry, ...

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/7846/view

Browse by Outcome: Androstenedione (1 article). % of records by year: 1965 2017 ...

http://canarydatabase.org/browse/outcome/2860

Crystal structure of 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) in complex with NADP+ and 4-androstenedione. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb3CAS/pdb ... and androstenedione (Delta4) but is rapidly inhibited by these substrates once their concentrations reach 2-times their K(m) ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3CAS

We have Good News!. Successfully recalibrate your saliva collection and handling procedures with these new safety and compliance guidelines for the COVID-19 era. These guidelines are good practice, easy to follow, and will allow you to begin or continue your research during this historical period of stress and unease… (Read More). CALL 800.790.2258 ...

https://salimetrics.com/analyte/salivary-androstenedione/androstenedione-saliva-collection/

Rats in the andro group (n = 13) received implants designed to deliver 1 μg androstenedione per gram body wt per day. Rats in ... The pUfPose of this study was to examine the influence of androstenedione supplementation on plasma testosterone, cortisol, and ... Rats in the andro group (n = 13) received implants designed to deliver 1 μg androstenedione per gram body wt per day. Rats in ... The pUfPose of this study was to examine the influence of androstenedione supplementation on plasma testosterone, cortisol, and ...

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/29/

... androstenedione for sale wholesalers & androstenedione for sale manufacturers from China manufacturers. ... androstenedione for sale. All androstenedione for sale wholesalers & androstenedione for sale manufacturers come from members. ... We doesnt provide androstenedione for sale products or service, please contact them directly and verify their companies info ... pregnenolone). One principle pathway then converts progesterone to its 17-hydroxy-derivative, and then to androstenedione via ...

http://www.chinacsw.com/androstenedione-for-sale-wholesale

The mean plasma androstenedione of 18 patients was 332 ng/100 ml (SE ± 24.6 ng/100 ml). The normal mean androstenedione is 180 ... Suppression of Plasma Androstenedione and Testosterone in Hirsute Women. J. R. Givens, M.D.; W. L. Wiser, M.D.; R. N. Anderson ... Suppression of Plasma Androstenedione and Testosterone in Hirsute Women.. Ann Intern Med. 1972;76:858. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819- ... Plasma androstenedione, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. All had 24-hour urinary ...

http://annals.org/aim/article/686519/suppression-plasma-androstenedione-testosterone-hirsute-women

Importer androstenedione for sale wholesalers & androstenedione for sale manufacturers from China manufacturers. ... androstenedione for sale. All androstenedione for sale wholesalers & androstenedione for sale manufacturers come from members. ... Anabolic Steroid Prohormone Androstenedione Powder For Strength Gain Androstenedione Basic Info Name: Androstenedione Other ... Androstenedione Application Basically pregnenolone, the grandmother of all steroid hormones, is converted into DHEA, which in ...

http://www.chinacsw.com/androstenedione-for-sale-wholesale/business-7.html

The Global and Chinese Androstenedione Industry, 2012-2022 Market Research... ... 142 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global and Chinese Androstenedione Industry, 2017 Market Research Report report by Prof ... 8.3 Effects to Androstenedione Industry. Chapter Nine Market Dynamics of Androstenedione Industry. 9.1 Androstenedione Industry ... 1.1 Brief Introduction of Androstenedione. 1.2 Development of Androstenedione Industry. 1.3 Status of Androstenedione Industry ...

http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/1192937-global-and-chinese-androstenedione-industry-2017-market-research-report.html

The steroid hormone Androstenedione is one of the main androgens, besides Testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone. ... High androstenedione levels are measured during pregnancy. In women, high levels of androstenedione (47-100% above normal) are ... Androstenedione and Testosterone show high diurnal variability. The highest levels are measured in the morning. At the age of ... High circulating androstenedione levels are found in women with polycystic ovaries and 21-hydroxylase effect. Significant lower ...

https://www.acris-antibodies.com/kits/elisa-kits/androstenedione-elisa-kit-ea101045.htm

Androstenedione is a steroid hormone, described as a pro-hormone, produced mainly in the testes in men and in the ovaries in ... Global Androstenedione Market- Dynamics. Increase in adoption of androstenedione as a dietary supplement is major factor ... Global Androstenedione Market- Regional Dynamics. Regional segmentation of the global androstenedione market by Coherent Market ... Androstenedione is a steroid hormone, described as a pro-hormone, produced mainly in the testes in men and in the ovaries in ...

https://www.medgadget.com/2019/10/androstenedione-market-industry-size-growth-opportunities-supply-demand-applications-sales-analysis-and-forecast-to-2026-coherent-market-insights.html

quality Androstenedione ELISA kit from ELISA kits manufacturer and elisa kits supplier: Androstenedione assay. Our kits are FDA ... Material Provided with Androstenedione ELISA Kit:. 1. Androstenedione Standards 6x: STD0- STD 5 2. Control 3. Androstenedione ... Androstenedione, also known as 4-androstenedione is common precursor of male and female sex hormones. Some androstenedione is ... This Androstenedione ELISA Test is an ELISA for the quantitative analysis of Androstenedione levels in biological fluid. This ...

http://www.rapidtest.com/index.php?i=Steroid-ELISA-kits&id=70&cat=14

Inhibition of human recombinant 17-beta-HSD3 expressed in human HeLa cells using androstenedione as substrate preincubated for ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/657618

Androstenedione - Immunoassays. Product filter Androstenedione molecule 1,25OH2 Vitamin D 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 2 Screen ... Androstenedione Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Angiopoietin-Like Protein 6 Angiotensin II ...

https://www.biovendor.com/immunoassays?molecule=Androstenedione

We provide biomedical researchers with the best tools available for the analysis of Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation - two of the most important risk factors that play key roles in the development of a wide range of human illness, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and neurodegeneration.. ...

http://oxfordbiomed.com/products/signal-transduction/steroid-hormone-assays/androstenedione-eia

Androstenedione is synthesized in the adrenal gland. It is the primary precursor of testosterone in women. Therefore, in women ... Androstenedione 100.00%. Estrone 1.50%. Pregnenolone 0.20%. Deoxycorticosterone 0.16%. Estrone-3-sulfate 0.16%. 17b-Estradiol ... This test kit operates on the basis of competition between the hormone conjugate and the Androstenedione in the sample for a ... For example, the absence of Androstenedione in the sample will result in a bright blue color, whereas the presence of ...

https://www.oxfordbiomed.com/androstenedione-eia-kit

... Fitzgerald, R. G. Abstract. Twelve ewes were immunised ... against androstenedione (with Fecundin) from a total number of twenty four. The other twelve were used as controls. No ...

https://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/handle/10182/3820

Release of tritium labeled water from tritium labeled 1 beta 2 beta androstenedione by equine granulosa cells ... Effect of in vivo administration of estradiol benzoate on release of tritium labeled water from 1 beta 2 beta androstenedione ... Release of tritium labeled water from tritium labeled 1 beta 2 beta androstenedione by equine granulosa cells. Younglai E.V.; ... Release of tritium labeled water from tritium labeled 1 beta 2 beta androstenedione by equine granulosa cells. ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/006/306/006306563.php

A rapid and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of testosterone, androstenedione, ...

https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?PMID=27911021

Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and of estrone. (wikipedia.org)
Androstenedione is the common precursor of the androgen and estrogen sex hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Androstanedione is a 5α-reduced metabolite of 4-androstenedione which serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the androgen and neurosteroid androsterone. (wikipedia.org)
Androstenedione is an androgen , one of several "male" sex hormones that are responsible for the onset of sexual differentiation in males and females and the development of secondary male physical characteristics such as a deep voice and facial hair. (labtestsonline.org)
Because of its origins, androstenedione can be useful as a marker of adrenal gland function, of androgen production, and of the function of the ovaries or testicles. (labtestsonline.org)
Testosterone, the most important biological active androgen, is derived from peripheral enzymatic conversion of Androstenedione. (acris-antibodies.com)
Measurement of serum androstenedione provides a useful marker of androgen biosynthesis. (rapidtest.com)
Androstenedione (also known as 4-androstenedione ) is a 19- carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol . (chemeurope.com)
1-Androstenedione , or 5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione , also known as 4,5α-dihydro-δ 1 -4-androstenedione , is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid . (wikibedia.ru)
It is a 5α-reduced isomer of the endogenous steroid 4-androstenedione and acts as an androgen prohormone of 1-testosterone (4,5α-dihydro-δ 1 -testosterone), a derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). (wikibedia.ru)

Androstenedione has been found to possess some estrogenic activity, similarly to other DHEA metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
In children aged 6 to 8 years old, there is a rise in androstenedione secretion along with DHEA during adrenarche. (wikipedia.org)
This rise in androstenedione and DHEA is hypothesized to play a crucial role for learning social, cultural and ecological skills, such as the development and understanding of sexual attraction. (wikipedia.org)
The primary pathway involves conversion of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to DHEA by way of 17,20-lyase, with subsequent conversion of DHEA to androstenedione via the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
The body first manufactures DHEA , then turns DHEA into androstenedione, and finally transforms androstenedione into testosterone, the principal male sex hormone. (portsmouthhospital.com)
Androstenedione (an-dro-steen-dye-own) is an intermediate in the steroid pathway from DHEA to testosterone (see Figure 1, below). (ceri.com)
Such tests can give you some idea of the magnitude of the estrogen risks that may be associated with your use of androstenedione (or its immediate precursor DHEA, which can also be metabolized into estrogens). (ceri.com)
Androstenedione is more closely linked to the estrogen branches of the steroid tree than DHEA, which also has potential estrogen-related risks. (ceri.com)
Androstenedione Application Basically pregnenolone, the grandmother of all steroid hormones, is converted into DHEA, which in turn is converted into androstenedione , which can then be converted into testosterone and estrogens. (chinacsw.com)
In women, high levels of androstenedione (47-100% above normal) are generally found in hirsutism, mostly in combination with other androgens as testosterone and DHEA-S. Androstenedione overproduction is due to ovarian dysfunction or may be of adrenal origin. (acris-antibodies.com)
Androstenedione (also known as andro) and dehydroepiandrosterone (also known as DHEA) are prohormones or "natural steroids" that can be broken down into testosterone. (kidshealth.org)
therefore androstenedione (A4) is synthesized efficiently only from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through the Δ 5 pathway. (elsevier.com)

A 2006 review paper summarized several studies that examined the effect of androstenedione on strength training. (wikipedia.org)
However Ruzicka showed that this was not the case, when he found that the effect of androstenedione on the growth of the prostate was limited. (ergogenics.org)
8,11 The most consistent effect of androstenedione is to increase estrogen levels. (portsmouthhospital.com)

Under the brand name Metharmon-F and in combination of sex steroids (pregnenolone, testosterone, estrone, androstenediol) and thyroid hormone (desiccated thyroid), androstenedione is or has been marketed for medical use in Thailand. (wikipedia.org)
Under the brand name Metharmon-F and in combination with sex steroids (pregnenolone, testosterone, estrone, androstenediol) and thyroid hormone (desiccated thyroid), androstenedione is or has been marketed for medical use in Thailand. (wikipedia.org)
So far, no such cases have been reported, but steroids similar to androstenedione have been connected to liver problems. (webmd.com)
In 2004 George Bush signed a new version of the Anabolic Steroid Control Act , which equated androstenedione to anabolic steroids like methandienone and oxymetholone. (ergogenics.org)
The history of androstenedione shows characteristics that reappear continuously in many other steroids on the supplement market. (ergogenics.org)
They contained a solution of androstenedione and testosterone in water-ethanol and some surfactant to dissolve the steroids. (ergogenics.org)
For instance, androstenedione is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and International Olympic Committee (IOC), under the category of androgenic anabolic steroids. (medgadget.com)
Legal steroids like Androstenedione ( andro) , 1-Andro ,1-AD, 1-test and 4-Androstenedione are the closest thing to real steroids and some of these are available legally. (powerandbulk.com)
Well, before you jump on that bandwagon, remember that these are probably the same bros of whom you will read on various boards, that they use androstenedione or similar "mild" prohormones to fill the gaps between cycles of much harder steroids. (blogspot.com)
The National Football League (NFL), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) have banned the use of steroids, ephedra, and androstenedione by their athletes, and competitors who use them face fines, ineligibility, and suspension from their sports. (kidshealth.org)
Because androstenedione can be converted to estrogenic steroids, people taking this supplement may have estrogenic side-effects. (calsonsteroids.com)

In addition to functioning as an endogenous prohormone, androstenedione also has weak androgenic activity in its own right. (wikipedia.org)
Androstenedione is known as a precursor of testosterone and other androgens, as well as of estrogens like estrone, in the body, and is used in addition to functioning as an endogenous prohormone. (swolhq.com)
In your body, androstenedione is a prohormone produced by the adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries. (verywellfit.com)
The first sports hormone or what is called a prohormone that was introduced into the sports nutrition industry was called Androstenedione. (ihealthdirectory.com)

Wallace MB, Lim J, Cutler A, et al.Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone vs androstenedione supplementation in men. (portsmouthhospital.com)
The steroid hormone Androstenedione is one of the main androgens, besides Testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone. (acris-antibodies.com)
A rapid and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone in human serum. (ovid.com)
Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone vs androstenedione supplementation in men. (semanticscholar.org)
Androstenedione originates either from the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone or from 17-hydroxyprogesterone . (chemeurope.com)
The catalytic activity of enzymes produced by an entomopathogenic filamentous fungus ( Isaria fumosorosea KCh J2) towards selected steroid compounds (androstenedione, adrenosterone, progesterone, 17α-methyltestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone) was investigated. (mdpi.com)
Jalur utama melibatkan konversi 17-hidroksipongnenolon menjadi dehydroepiandrosterone dengan cara 17,20-lyase, dengan konversi dehidroepiandrosteron ke 4-Androstenedione melalui enzim 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehidrogenase. (biosteroids.com)

The production of adrenal androstenedione is governed by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), whereas production of gonadal androstenedione is under control by the gonadotropins. (wikipedia.org)
The pituitary hormone LH stimulates the release of androstenedione by the ovaries and testicles. (labtestsonline.org)
The pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the release of androstenedione by the adrenal glands. (labtestsonline.org)
Androstenedione is a steroid hormone. (webmd.com)
Androstenedione is used to increase the production of the hormone testosterone to enhance athletic performance, build muscle, reduce body fat, increase energy, keep red blood cells healthy, and increase sexual desire and performance. (webmd.com)
Androstenedione is a steroid hormone used by the body to make testosterone and estrogen. (webmd.com)
Men and women with hormone sensitive conditions should avoid androstenedione. (webmd.com)
In the midthirties scientists thought for a short period that androstenedione was that male sex hormone. (ergogenics.org)
Androstenedione hormone. (sciencephoto.com)
Molecular model of the structure of the human hormone Androstenedione. (sciencephoto.com)
Plasma androstenedione, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. (annals.org)
Androstenedione is a hormone produced naturally in the body by the adrenal glands, the ovaries (in women. (chinacsw.com)
INN), as well as 3-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one or 5-androsten-3-ol-17-one, is an important endogenous steroid hormone. (chinacsw.com)
Androstenedione is a steroid hormone, described as a 'pro-hormone', produced mainly in the testes in men and in the ovaries in women, which is used to increase the production of hormones testosterone and estrogen. (medgadget.com)
However, adverse effects of androstenedione include sustained increase in serum estrogen and increase in serum luteinizing hormone, lean muscle mass, and bone growth problem in children, thus restraining growth of the global androstenedine market. (medgadget.com)
This test kit operates on the basis of competition between the hormone conjugate and the Androstenedione in the sample for a limited number of binding sites on the antibody coated plate. (rapidtest.com)
Androstenedione is a steroid hormone which is mainly used to make medicine. (swolhq.com)
The adrenal glands are also known to produce androstenedione in men, but this contribution is nothing as compared to the overwhelming production of the other androgenic hormone, testosterone by the testes. (swolhq.com)
The release of androstenedione by the adrenal cortex is considered to be connected to the secretion of a specific hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland. (swolhq.com)
This study was designed to determine whether 5 days of oral androstenedione (100 mg/day) supplementation increases skeletal muscle.Androstenedione is a natural weak steroid hormone that is used in bodybuilding circles to increase lean muscle and strength. (izkpl.gq)
Androstenedione definition is - a steroid sex hormone C19H26O2 that is secreted by the testes, ovaries, and adrenal cortex and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogen.2012. (izkpl.gq)
Androstenedione vagy hasonló prohormonok- DHT szint közvetlen .Léteznek bizonyos szintetikus 5-alpha reduktáz gátló szintetikus gyógyszerek, melyeket prosztata megnagyobbodás, prosztata rák és hajhullás esetén .Androstenedione is a steroid hormone that has weak, androgenic actions on the body itself. (izkpl.gq)
Androstenedione is made from a naturally occurring steroid hormone. (verywellfit.com)
The body metabolizes androstenedione into testosterone , the chief male hormone, as well as into the estrogens estrone and estradiol. (verywellfit.com)
The adrenal glands also produce androstenedione in men, but this contribution is swamped by the testes' overwhelming production of the other androgenic hormone, testosterone. (nutragreen-extracts.com)
Precisely how adrenocorticotropic hormone and other hormones control the adrenal gland's production of androstenedione is, however, unclear. (nutragreen-extracts.com)
The testes and ovaries are stimulated to release androstenedione by luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. (nutragreen-extracts.com)
Androstenedione is a steroid that is a 19-carbon steroid hormone manufactured in the adrenaline gland and testicles. (roids.biz)
Understanding of the physiological role of mammalian hormone-androstenedione (AN)-in plants is scant and the mechanisms of its action at a cellular level are practically unknown. (springer.com)
4- Androstenedione can be used as pharmaceutical material, steroid hormone and anabolin. (calsonsteroids.com)

Androstenedione is a substrate for estrogen production in granulosa cells which produce aromatase. (wikipedia.org)
Taking androstenedione seems to increase estrogen levels. (webmd.com)
Androstenedione is also transformed into estrogen. (portsmouthhospital.com)
However, in double-blind studies, when androstenedione was given to men, it did not alter total testosterone levels, nor improve sports performance, strength, or lean body mass. 2-7 It did, however, increase estrogen levels, an effect that would not be considered favorable. (portsmouthhospital.com)
I believe that many people will suffer estrogen-related side effects from androstenedione that will have far more negative impact on their health than the positive effects from androstenedione or testosterone. (ceri.com)
In young men, chronic ingestion of 100 mg androstenedione (ASD), three times per day, does not increase serum total testosterone but does increase serum estrogen and ASD concentrations. (semanticscholar.org)
Conversion of androstenedione to testosterone requires the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, while conversion of androstenedione to estrogen (e.g. estrone and estradiol requires the enzyme aromatase . (chemeurope.com)
The function of this is to provide androstenedione substrate for estrogen production in granulosa cells, since these haven't got the 17,20 lyase required for androstenedione. (chemeurope.com)
Due to its advantages, several people prefer to use the substance, but as there is no way you can directly ingest Androstenedione, it is highly advised that you check the main constituents of testosterone or estrogen supplements to get the benefits of it. (swolhq.com)
When it comes to females, the outer part of the adrenal glands (known as the cortex), as well as ovaries, release androstenedione into the bloodstream which is then converted to provide around half of all the testosterone required along with all of the body's oestrone, which is a form of estrogen. (swolhq.com)
The effects of too much androstenedione can only rise as a result of its conversion in the body to either of the hormones- estrogen or testosterone. (swolhq.com)

The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Androstenedione industry. (reportsnreports.com)

Androstenedione ELISA Test Kit is a competitive immunoenzymatic colorimetric assay. (rapidtest.com)
This Androstenedione ELISA Test is an ELISA for the quantitative analysis of Androstenedione levels in biological fluid. (rapidtest.com)
Should the Androstenedione (ASD) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement. (gkts.net)
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Androstenedione (ASD) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (gkts.net)
Known also as Androstenedione elisa. (gkts.net)
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Androstenedione from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (gkts.net)

The acute effects of androstenedione supplementation in healthy young males. (portsmouthhospital.com)
Common side effects of androstenedione in men include low sperm production, painful and prolonged erections, breast development, heart diseases, behavioral changes, and others. (medgadget.com)
The US FDA White Paper on the health effects of Androstenedione in 2005 cited the ill effects they feared would happen to children and adolescents who took andro long term. (verywellfit.com)
FDA White Paper Health Effects of Androstenedione. (verywellfit.com)
Revealed no significant effects of androstenedione on testosterone levels in 28-day men in middle age. (anabolika.de)

The control of androstenedione is very complex due to its secretion from number of other glands and its rapid conversion to other hormones. (medgadget.com)
However, there are two critical parts of the brain (the hypothalamus and pituitary gland), which are known to be crucial for the control of androstenedione secretion from the testes, ovaries as well as the adrenal cortex. (swolhq.com)

Conversion of androstenedione to testosterone requires the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
Conversion of androstenedione to estrone requires the enzyme aromatase. (wikipedia.org)
Secretion and production rates also exceed those of testosterone in women in whom significant extra-adrenal conversion of androstenedione to testosterone occurs. (rapidtest.com)
The production and conversion of androstenedione within the body are very complicated because of its rapid conversion and production by different glands which are present in the body. (swolhq.com)

There are concerns that androstenedione, like related hormones, might increase the risk of liver cancer and heart disease. (portsmouthhospital.com)
Androstenedione is a steroid that is produced in the adrenal glands of both sexes and is a precursor of all the sex hormones. (sciencephoto.com)
Androstenedione, also known as 4-androstenedione is common precursor of male and female sex hormones. (rapidtest.com)
Androstenedione and its close cousins androstenediol, norandrostenedione, and others, are natural steroid hormones found in the body and available over the counter. (healthy.net)

Apart from the broadly used natural compounds, phytosterols gained an increasing importance as raw materials for the synthesis of steroidal drugs such as pregnenolone, boldenone, androstenedione and androstadienedione. (intechopen.com)

Rats in the andro group (n = 13) received implants designed to deliver 1 μg androstenedione per gram body wt per day. (unl.edu)
Androstenedione or Andro works in the following way. (powerandbulk.com)
This included the Androstenedione ( andro), 1-AD. (powerandbulk.com)
Though we now appear to have limited research on some of the andro products, in particular androstenedione, we are nowhere near answering the long list of questions we have on this compound and much of the research done to date has minimal if any usefulness in the real world. (powerandbulk.com)
Androstenedione was manufactured as a dietary supplement , often called andro (or andros ) for short. (chemeurope.com)
19. Nagyon ritkán hajhullás és potenciazavar, izomgyengeség és izomfájdalom sterone and Androstenedione in Human Pulmonary Endotheli.Androstenedione (Andro) is the muscle-building supplement that baseball home run champion Mark McGwire made famous. (izkpl.gq)
Androstenedione (Andro) is the muscle-building supplement that baseball home run champion Mark McGwire made famous. (verywellfit.com)
Androstenedione, or andro, was made popular by pro American baseball players who linked their success on the field to this sports specialty product. (bhia.org)

3H]androstenedione as substrate. (eurekamag.com)
Exemestane is an irreversible, steroidal aromatase inactivator, structurally related to the natural substrate androstenedione. (gamma-butyrolactone.com)

Androstenedione is produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads. (wikipedia.org)
In premenopausal women, the adrenal glands and ovaries each produce about half of the total androstenedione (about 3 mg/day). (wikipedia.org)
Androstenedione is produced by the ovaries in women, the testicles in men, and by the adrenal glands in both. (labtestsonline.org)
In females, the outer part of the adrenal glands (known as the cortex) and the ovaries release androstenedione into the bloodstream where it is converted to provide around half of all testosterone and almost all of the body's oestrone, a form of oestrogen. (nutragreen-extracts.com)

High circulating androstenedione levels are found in women with polycystic ovaries and 21-hydroxylase effect. (acris-antibodies.com)
Can anyone tell me about this ( Androstenedione producing tumours), My blood tests revealled my Androstenedione level to be 23nmol/L and according to MDS Labs the normal range is 1.6-8.8nmol/L. The Doctor has already ruled out any Adrenal Gland Tumour and is now focusing on the Ovaries. (ourhealth.com)

This is because some women with severe major depression have naturally high levels of androstenedione, so some people think there may be a connection. (webmd.com)
This is because women with PCOS have naturally high levels of androstenedione. (webmd.com)

A more extensive treatment of the biosynthesis and metabolism of androstenedione is shown in Chapter 11 . (ergogenics.org)
Androstenedione is referred to as ProHormon because it is an intermediate product formed during testosterone and estrio-biosynthesis. (anabolika.de)

At the age of puberty serum androstenedione levels rise, after menopause they decline again. (acris-antibodies.com)
Serum androstenedione levels are also increased in polycystic ovary syndrome, and in case of hirsutism in women. (rapidtest.com)
Elevated serum androstenedione levels may also occur in adrenal and ovarian virilizing tumors. (rapidtest.com)

Androstenedione is a precursor of testosterone and other androgens, as well as of estrogens like estrone, in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Some androstenedione is also secreted into the plasma, and may be converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogens. (wikipedia.org)
The problem with androstenedione is that it is quickly metabolized into estrogens . (ceri.com)
Androstenedione produces estrogens through two separate pathways . (ceri.com)
Because androstenedione is converted in part to estrogens, persons taking this supplement may have estrogenic side-effects. (chemeurope.com)

Androstenedione is converted to either testosterone or estrone. (wikipedia.org)
Androstenedione is also a precursor for the female sexhormone estrone (see Scheme 1). (ergogenics.org)
Androstenediol , a close cousin of androstenedione, is able to be directly metabolized into testosterone but only indirectly into estradiol and estrone (see Figure 1). (ceri.com)
Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to testosterone as well as estrone and estradiol. (lmdb.ca)

One study used a daily dosage of 300 mg of androstenedione combined with several other supplements, and also found no increase in strength when compared to a control group that did not take the supplements. (wikipedia.org)
However, due to the federal ban on androstenedione supplements, it is difficult to carry out new research on its effects. (wikipedia.org)
The review authors conclude that individuals should not use androstenedione supplements due to the lack of evidence of beneficial effects, the wide variation in individual responses to the supplement, and the risk of unknown side effects. (wikipedia.org)
There is concern that androstenedione supplements might make depression worse in women. (webmd.com)
However, it is not known if taking androstenedione supplements causes depression. (webmd.com)
There is concern that androstenedione supplements might worsen symptoms of PCOS. (webmd.com)
But it is not known if taking androstenedione supplements actually worsens symptoms of PCOS. (webmd.com)
Furthermore, androstenedione supplements may cause positive urine tests for illegal steroid use, due to the common presence of a contaminant (19-norandrostenedione). (portsmouthhospital.com)
Thus, androstenedione supplements have become widely popular in the sport community to improve performance. (izkpl.gq)
In March 2004, the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) sent warning letters to 23 companies asking them to cease distributing products sold as dietary supplements that contain androstenedione and warning them they could face enforcement actions if they do not take appropriate actions. (legalexaminer.com)
Studies often didn't find androstenedione supplements to be effective in boosting testosterone levels. (verywellfit.com)
FDA Import Alert 54-11, dated 9/15/2015, gives guidance to districts is that any dietary supplements listing androstenedione, 4-androstenedione or 4-androstene-3, 17-dione may be detained without physical examination. (verywellfit.com)

This reclassified androstenedione from a dietary supplement to an anabolic steroid, which is a schedule III controlled substance. (webmd.com)
Increase in adoption of androstenedione as a dietary supplement is major factor driving growth of the global androstenedione market. (medgadget.com)
In January 2005, the United States passed legislation which was known as the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 and androstenedione was reclassified from a dietary supplement and was put under the category of an anabolic steroid, which is a schedule III controlled substance. (swolhq.com)
Androstenedione is a dietary supplement made famous by baseball player Mark McGwire. (legalexaminer.com)
Androstenedione is really a super-fast and super-effective dietary supplement and this a safe alternative designed after associated with research. (jigsy.com)
Androstenedione, which is said to stimulate body-borne testosterone production, is a very popular dietary supplement in the US. (anabolika.de)

A positive correlation was revealed between the level of androstenedione conversion in TIL and aromatase activity in tumor tissue, while no correlation was shown between androstenedione conversion in TIL and percentage of tumor cells in lymphocytic suspension. (cam.ac.uk)

The level of androstenedione in the blood will vary during the day in a "diurnal pattern," and it will vary during a woman's menstrual cycle. (labtestsonline.org)
An excess level of androstenedione and other androgens can cause children to have sex organs that are not clearly male or female ( ambiguous external genitalia ), excess body hair ( hirsutism ), and abnormal menstrual periods in girls and precocious (early) puberty in girls and boys. (labtestsonline.org)

Adrenal androstenedione is the major source of androgens for postmenopausal women.16 éves nôbeteg, akinél férfias típusú hajhullásra emlékeztetett a klinikai kép, és ilyen pécia során tesztoszteronból ill nôknél androstenedione- ból az 5 alfa- .301 Moved Permanently. (izkpl.gq)
Androstenedione, also known as fecundin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. (mcdb.ca)
Androstenedione is a C-19 steroid belonging to the group of androgens (17-ketosteroid). (anabolika.de)

Kinetic characterization of the purified recombinant h5beta-red has shown that this enzyme exerts a strong activity toward progesterone (Prog) and androstenedione (Delta4) but is rapidly inhibited by these substrates once their concentrations reach 2-times their K(m) value. (rcsb.org)

Therefore, in women, androstenedione contributes significantly to the level of androgenic activity, while in men this contribution is nil. (oxfordbiomed.com)
Quantitation of androstenedione may indicate the androgenic activity in women. (oxfordbiomed.com)

The Diagnostic Automation Androstenedione EIA test kit is a Competitive immunoenzymatic colorimetric method for quantitative determination of Androstenedione concentration in human serum and plasma. (rapidtest.com)

The secondary pathway involves conversion of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, most often a precursor to cortisol, to androstenedione directly by way of 17,20-lyase. (wikipedia.org)
The pUfPose of this study was to examine the influence of androstenedione supplementation on plasma testosterone, cortisol, and cholesterol, mean arterial pressure (MAP), body weight, organ weights, and bone mineral density (BMD) in female rats. (unl.edu)

Nevertheless, androstenedione is the principal steroid produced by the postmenopausal ovary. (wikipedia.org)
Significant lower androstenedione levels are found in postmenopausal osteoporosis. (acris-antibodies.com)
Decreased levels of Androstenedione are located in aging men and in postmenopausal period of women. (jigsy.com)

Oral androstenedione administration and serum testosterone concentrations in young men. (portsmouthhospital.com)
Effect of oral androstenedione on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men: a randomized controlled trial. (portsmouthhospital.com)

Thus, both reactions that produce androstenedione directly or indirectly depend on 17,20 lyase. (chemeurope.com)

Androstenedione was hydroxylated in the 7α-position to give a key intermediate in the synthesis of the diuretic-7α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione with 82% conversion. (mdpi.com)
Androstenedione (AD) is a steroid intermediate valuable for the production of steroid medicaments. (intechopen.com)

Androstenedione (antigen) in the sample competes with horseradish peroxidase Androstenedione (enzyme-labeled antigen), for binding onto the limited number of anti-Androstenedione coated on the microplates. (rapidtest.com)
In particular, Androstenedione can be converted into androstanedione through its interaction with the enzyme 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1. (mcdb.ca)
In addition, Androstenedione can be converted into 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione through the action of the enzyme cytochrome P450 19A1. (mcdb.ca)
Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Androstenedione (ASD) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (gkts.net)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General Androstenedione (ASD) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (gkts.net)

It was discovered that androstenedione is biosynthesized in the testes and in the adrenal gland. (ergogenics.org)
Although the testes produce large amounts of androstenedione in males, they secrete only a little amount of this into the blood and, instead, it rapidly converts it into testosterone inside the testes. (swolhq.com)
Androstenedione is formed in the adrenal cortex and gonads, in men in the testes, in women in the follicles. (anabolika.de)
In an adult male, the androstenedione is mainly formed in the testes, in the adult female in the half in the ovary and the adrenal. (anabolika.de)

But since that episode, it has been classified as an anabolic steroid and as such, it is illegal to use without a legitimate medical reason.Androstenedione concentrations increase in boys undergoing puberty, for about two years prior to significant increases in testosterone. (izkpl.gq)
Boys with too little androstenedione may fail to develop the sexual characteristics associated with puberty, including pubic and body hair, growth of the sexual organs and deepening of the voice. (nutragreen-extracts.com)
Helps testosterone production: Androstenedione levels are increased during puberty but declines gradually after the age of 30. (jigsy.com)

Androstenedione, ACTH Stimul. (mcidiagnostics.com)
Produksi adrenal 4-Androstenedione diatur oleh ACTH, sedangkan produksi gonadal 4-Androstenedione dikendalikan oleh gonadotropin. (biosteroids.com)

Elevated androstenedione levels have been demonstrated in virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (rapidtest.com)

We present here, for the first time, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) quantification of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol in canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stage lungs of both sexes. (scienceopen.com)
Testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol were observed in all the analyzed lung samples from gestation day (GD) 16.5 to postnatal day (PN) 30, totalizing 383 individual mice. (scienceopen.com)
A significant sex difference was observed for testosterone and androstenedione but not for estradiol. (scienceopen.com)
Three-way analysis of variance revealed that tissue (lung or leg) had a significant effect on testosterone levels for both sexes, but not on androstenedione and estradiol levels. (scienceopen.com)

Androstenedione intake has been speculated to increase plasma testosterone levels and muscle anabolism. (izkpl.gq)
Therapeutic androstenedione may be used to increase plasma testosterone levels. (verywellfit.com)

Androstenedione was naturally present in wheat leaves (5-21 pg g −1 FW). (springer.com)

Androstenedione is released into the blood by theca cells. (wikipedia.org)

The colour intensity is inversely proportional to the Androstenedione concentration in the sample. (rapidtest.com)
The extent of color development is inversely proportional to the amount of Androstenedione in the sample or standard. (oxfordbiomed.com)

Androstenedione is mainly used to increase the production of testosterone in the body. (swolhq.com)

In fact, some doctors are concerned that androstenedione may cause obesity in males, emotional problems , prostate problems , and heart problems . (legalexaminer.com)

In addition to the ineffectiveness on adaptation effects in force training, a possibly unfavorable reduction of the body's testosterone synthesis could also be observed as a result of the androstenedione intake. (anabolika.de)

Androstenedione is a delta-4 19-carbon steroid that is produced not only in the testis, but also in the ovary and the adrenal cortex. (lmdb.ca)

Furthermore, it is thought that androstenedione plays a role in levels of aggression and competition in boys, as a positive correlation between the two were observed, while testosterone levels were below detection. (wikipedia.org)
Androstenedione has been shown to increase serum testosterone levels over an eight-hour period in men when taken as a single oral dose of 300 mg per day, but a dose of 100 mg had no significant effect on serum testosterone. (wikipedia.org)
At dosages of 50 mg or 100 mg per day, androstenedione had no effect on muscle strength or size, or on body fat levels. (wikipedia.org)
In support of this last consideration, there is some evidence that androstenedione can adversely affect cholesterol levels. (portsmouthhospital.com)
9 In addition, because androstenedione may raise testosterone levels in women, it could cause women to develop facial hair and other male-pattern appearance changes. (portsmouthhospital.com)
Androstenedione is being touted as a safe and effective steroid for increasing testosterone levels in men (and women). (ceri.com)
When androstenedione is administered, it causes a rapid increase in testosterone levels, which last only for a few hours. (ceri.com)
High androstenedione levels are measured during pregnancy. (acris-antibodies.com)
By boosting testosterone levels, androstenedione is believed to improve the athletic performance, enhance recovery and growth from exercise, increase energy, keep red blood cells healthy, and increase the sexual desire and performance. (medgadget.com)
Low but significant testosterone and androstenedione levels were observed in all the females and in prepubertal male samples. (scienceopen.com)
Androstenedione levels are not usually used to monitor this process. (izkpl.gq)
Increased Androstenedione levels often are seen in PCOS. (antibodyplus.com)
Androstenedione, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and the unidentified substance were also detected in feces, and their levels were not affected by the age or sex of the animal. (bioone.org)
In child development, higher levels of androstenedione in boys have been associated with higher levels of acting out behaviors. (calsonsteroids.com)

The usual dosage of androstenedione is 50-100 milligrams in pill form twice daily. (medgadget.com)

Although the scientists also mention that to their own surprise androstenedione decreased "incidences of male rat Leydig cell adenomas and female rat mammary gland fibroadenomas ", they did not mention that it did so (if not always in a statistically significant manner) in mononuclear cell leukemia and interstitial cell adenoma , as well (cf. figure 1). (blogspot.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms3

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes12

The treatment of insulin resistance does not improve adrenal cytochrome P450c17alpha enzyme dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. (1/906)

The aromatase inactivator 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) inhibits tamoxifen metabolism by rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 3A: potential for drug-drug interaction of tamoxifen and 4-OH-A in combined anti-breast cancer therapy. (2/906)

Dihydrotestosterone, stanozolol, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate inhibit leptin secretion in female but not in male samples of omental adipose tissue in vitro: lack of effect of testosterone. (3/906)

Ovarian hormone secretory response to gonadotropins and nitric oxide following chronic nitric oxide deficiency in the rat. (4/906)

YM116, 2-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole, decreases adrenal androgen synthesis by inhibiting C17-20 lyase activity in NCI-H295 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. (5/906)

The effect of chronic treatment with GH on gonadal function in men with isolated GH deficiency. (6/906)

Dynamics of periovulatory steroidogenesis in the rhesus monkey follicle after ovarian stimulation. (7/906)

Concentration of steroids in bovine peripheral plasma during the oestrous cycle and the effect of betamethasone treatment. (8/906)

Androstenedione

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Testosterone

Androgens

Estrone

Theca Cells

17-Ketosteroids

Gonadal Steroid Hormones

Progesterone

Estradiol

Aromatase

Hydroxyprogesterones

Androstanes

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate

Luteinizing Hormone

Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Steroids

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

Pregnenolone

Ovarian Follicle

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Ovary

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Testolactone

Estrogens

Hirsutism

Dihydrotestosterone

Hyperandrogenism

Epitestosterone

Androstenediol

Follicular Fluid

Granulosa Cells

Androsterone

Ovulation

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone

Gonadotropins, Pituitary

Aromatase Inhibitors

Androstenediols

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital

Hormones

Clitoris

Aminoglutethimide

Freemartinism

Carnivora

Feminization

Adrenal Glands

Hydrocortisone

Estrus

Cortodoxone

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Radioimmunoassay

Genitalia

Gynecomastia

Androstenols

Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase

Testis

Ketosteroids

Etiocholanolone

Progesterone Reductase

Estriol

Follicular Atresia

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Pregnancy

Inhibins

Steroid Hydroxylases

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Anovulation

Virilism

Sexual Maturation

Gonadotropins

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

Corpus Luteum

Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme

Androstane-3,17-diol

Cattle