Androstane 3 17 diol. Medical search

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

The family of steroids from which the androgens are derived.

Proteins found usually in the cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically bind steroid hormones and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. The steroid receptor-steroid hormone complex regulates the transcription of specific genes.

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.

Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

A major cytochrome P-450 enzyme which is inducible by PHENOBARBITAL in both the LIVER and SMALL INTESTINE. It is active in the metabolism of compounds like pentoxyresorufin, TESTOSTERONE, and ANDROSTENEDIONE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP2B1 gene, also mediates the activation of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE and IFOSFAMIDE to MUTAGENS.

7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.

An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydration of 1,2-propanediol to propionaldehyde. EC 4.2.1.28.

A cytochrome P-450 suptype that has specificity for a broad variety of lipophilic compounds, including STEROIDS; FATTY ACIDS; and XENOBIOTICS. This enzyme has clinical significance due to its ability to metabolize a diverse array of clinically important drugs such as CYCLOSPORINE; VERAPAMIL; and MIDAZOLAM. This enzyme also catalyzes the N-demethylation of ERYTHROMYCIN.

A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.

A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.

A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.

Benzopyrenes saturated in any two adjacent positions and substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. The majority of these compounds have carcinogenic or mutagenic activity.

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.

An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.

A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with PPAR GAMMA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH PROCESSES.

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of UDPglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. EC 2.4.1.17.

1,2-Benzphenanthrenes. POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS obtained from coal tar.

An azo dye with carcinogenic properties.

A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it.

Unsaturated androstanes which are substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position in the ring system.

Compounds that contain the radical R2C=N.OH derived from condensation of ALDEHYDES or KETONES with HYDROXYLAMINE. Members of this group are CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS.

A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR GAMMA is important to metabolism of LIPIDS. It is the target of FIBRATES to control HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.

A subfamily of nuclear receptors that regulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a diverse group of GENES involved in the synthesis of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and in GLUCOSE; CHOLESTEROL; and FATTY ACIDS metabolism.

Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.

Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene exons coding for the hinge region of the heavy chains between the first constant region (on the FAB FRAGMENTS) and the second constant region (on the FC FRAGMENTS).

A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. Members contain steroidal glycosides and cytotoxic phenanthroindolizidine N-oxide alkaloids.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

The conjugation of exogenous substances with various hydrophilic substituents to form water soluble products that are excretable in URINE. Phase II modifications include GLUTATHIONE conjugation; ACYLATION; and AMINATION. Phase II enzymes include GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE and GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE. In a sense these reactions detoxify phase I reaction products.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A concave exterior region on some POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS that have three phenyl rings in a non-linear arrangement.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

An organic anion transporter found in human liver. It is capable of transporting a variety organic anions and mediates sodium-independent uptake of bile in the liver.

Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.

DITERPENES with three LACTONES and a unique tert-butyl group, which are found in GINKGO plants along with BILOBALIDES.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.

Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

A transcription factor that partners with ligand bound GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS and ESTROGEN RECEPTORS to stimulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. It plays an important role in FERTILITY as well as in METABOLISM of LIPIDS.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 16-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme is encoded by a number of genes from several CYP2 subfamilies.

The simultaneous or sequential binding of multiple cell surface receptors to different ligands resulting in coordinated stimulation or suppression of signal transduction.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

A nuclear receptor coactivator with specificity for ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS. It contains a histone acetyltransferase activity that may play a role in the transcriptional activation of chromatin regions.

A subtype of RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS that are specific for 9-cis-retinoic acid which function as nuclear TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that regulate multiple signaling pathways.

The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind certain aryl hydrocarbons, translocate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of particular DNA segments. AH receptors are identified by their high-affinity binding to several carcinogenic or teratogenic environmental chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke and smog, heterocyclic amines found in cooked foods, and halogenated hydrocarbons including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. No endogenous ligand has been identified, but an unknown natural messenger with a role in cell differentiation and development is suspected.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind glucocorticoids and mediate their cellular effects. The glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of DNA. Glucocorticoids were named for their actions on blood glucose concentration, but they have equally important effects on protein and fat metabolism. Cortisol is the most important example.

Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively.

Derivatives of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol). They are used as humectants and solvents in pharmaceutical preparations.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

A species of gram-negative bacteria causing URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS and SEPTICEMIA.

A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to P-GLYCOPROTEIN. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs, especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, from cells causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although P-Glycoproteins share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Four fused benzyl rings with three linear and one angular, that can be viewed as a benzyl-phenanthrenes. Compare with NAPHTHACENES which are four linear rings.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Unsaturated androstane derivatives which are substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position in the ring system.

A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).

Compounds of the general formula R-O-R arranged in a ring or crown formation.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind RETINOIC ACID or RETINOL and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognized.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Unsaturated derivatives of PREGNANES.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.

Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

4-carbon straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons substituted with two hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl groups cannot be on the same carbon atom.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons which contain one or more double bonds in the ring. The cyclohexadienes are not aromatic, in contrast to BENZOQUINONES which are sometimes called 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diones.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of ethanolamine to acetaldehyde. EC 4.3.1.7.

Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

Steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. Members include compounds with any degree of unsaturation; however, CHOLESTADIENES is available for derivatives containing two double bonds.

A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

Hydrocarbons with more than one triple bond; or an oxidized form of POLYENES. They can react with SULFUR to form THIOPHENES.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

A plant genus of the family PEDALIACEAE. Members contain harpagoside.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain hinesol and atractylon. Atractylodes rhizome is Byaku-jutsu. A. lancea rhizome is So-jutsu.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

Any of the compounds derived from a group of glycols or polyhydroxy alcohols by chlorine substitution for part of the hydroxyl groups. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Adenosine molecules which can be substituted in any position, but are lacking one hydroxyl group in the ribose part of the molecule.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbon.

A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The rotation of linearly polarized light as it passes through various media.

Organic silicon derivatives used to characterize hydroxysteroids, nucleosides, and related compounds. Trimethylsilyl esters of amino acids are used in peptide synthesis.

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.

Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).

Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Isomeric forms and derivatives of hexanol (C6H11OH).

Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.

Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect.

Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.

An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the basic structure RB(OH)2.

Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.

Examples of experimental liver neoplasms include:

1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): This is the most common type of primary liver cancer and can be induced experimentally by injecting carcinogens such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) into the liver tissue of animals.
2. Cholangiocarcinoma: This type of cancer originates in the bile ducts within the liver and can be induced experimentally by injecting chemical carcinogens such as DEN or DMBA into the bile ducts of animals.
3. Hepatoblastoma: This is a rare type of liver cancer that primarily affects children and can be induced experimentally by administering chemotherapy drugs to newborn mice or rats.
4. Metastatic tumors: These are tumors that originate in other parts of the body and spread to the liver through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Experimental models of metastatic tumors can be studied by injecting cancer cells into the liver tissue of animals.

The study of experimental liver neoplasms is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms of liver cancer development and progression, as well as identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. Animal models can be used to test the efficacy of new drugs or therapies before they are tested in humans, which can help to accelerate the development of new treatments for liver cancer.

Liver neoplasms, also known as liver tumors or hepatic tumors, are abnormal growths of tissue in the liver. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant liver tumors can be primary, meaning they originate in the liver, or metastatic, meaning they spread to the liver from another part of the body.

There are several types of liver neoplasms, including:

1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): This is the most common type of primary liver cancer and arises from the main cells of the liver (hepatocytes). HCC is often associated with cirrhosis and can be caused by viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse.
2. Cholangiocarcinoma: This type of cancer arises from the cells lining the bile ducts within the liver (cholangiocytes). Cholangiocarcinoma is rare and often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
3. Hemangiosarcoma: This is a rare type of cancer that originates in the blood vessels of the liver. It is most commonly seen in dogs but can also occur in humans.
4. Fibromas: These are benign tumors that arise from the connective tissue of the liver (fibrocytes). Fibromas are usually small and do not spread to other parts of the body.
5. Adenomas: These are benign tumors that arise from the glandular cells of the liver (hepatocytes). Adenomas are usually small and do not spread to other parts of the body.

The symptoms of liver neoplasms vary depending on their size, location, and whether they are benign or malignant. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment options for liver neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery may be an option for some patients with small, localized tumors, while others may require chemotherapy or radiation therapy to shrink the tumor before surgery can be performed. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.

Prognosis for liver neoplasms varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer. In general, early detection and treatment improve the prognosis, while advanced-stage disease is associated with a poorer prognosis.

The most common types of biliary fistulas are:

1. Bile duct-enteric fistula: This type of fistula connects the bile ducts to the small intestine.
2. Bile duct-skin fistula: This type of fistula connects the bile ducts to the skin, which can lead to a bile leak and infection.
3. Bile duct-liver fistula: This type of fistula connects the bile ducts to the liver, which can cause bleeding and infection.

Symptoms of biliary fistula may include:

* Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)
* Pale or clay-colored stools
* Dark urine
* Fatigue
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss

Diagnosis of biliary fistula is typically made through a combination of imaging tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, and MRI. Treatment options for biliary fistula include:

1. Endoscopic therapy: This may involve the use of an endoscope to repair or close off the fistula.
2. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the damaged bile ducts.
3. Stent placement: A stent may be placed in the bile ducts to help keep them open and allow for proper drainage.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of biliary fistula, as it can lead to serious complications such as infection or bleeding.

There are several types of skin neoplasms, including:

1. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common type of skin cancer, and it usually appears as a small, fleshy bump or a flat, scaly patch. BCC is highly treatable, but if left untreated, it can grow and invade surrounding tissue.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): This type of skin cancer is less common than BCC but more aggressive. It typically appears as a firm, flat, or raised bump on sun-exposed areas. SCC can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
3. Melanoma: This is the most serious type of skin cancer, accounting for only 1% of all skin neoplasms but responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Melanoma can appear as a new or changing mole, and it's essential to recognize the ABCDE signs (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolving size, shape, or color) to detect it early.
4. Sebaceous gland carcinoma: This rare type of skin cancer originates in the oil-producing glands of the skin and can appear as a firm, painless nodule on the forehead, nose, or other oily areas.
5. Merkel cell carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that typically appears as a firm, shiny bump on the skin. It's more common in older adults and those with a history of sun exposure.
6. Cutaneous lymphoma: This type of cancer affects the immune system and can appear as a rash, nodules, or tumors on the skin.
7. Kaposi sarcoma: This is a rare type of skin cancer that affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. It typically appears as a flat, red or purple lesion on the skin.

While skin cancers are generally curable when detected early, it's important to be aware of your skin and notice any changes or unusual spots, especially if you have a history of sun exposure or other risk factors. If you suspect anything suspicious, see a dermatologist for an evaluation and potential biopsy. Remember, prevention is key to avoiding the harmful effects of UV radiation and reducing your risk of developing skin cancer.

There are two main types of vitamin K deficiency:

1. Hypovitaminosis A (mild deficiency): This type of deficiency is characterized by low levels of vitamin K in the blood, but not low enough to cause bleeding or other serious symptoms. It can be caused by a diet that is low in vitamin K, or by conditions that interfere with vitamin K absorption, such as inflammatory bowel disease or liver disease.
2. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB): This type of deficiency is characterized by bleeding that is caused by a lack of vitamin K. It can be caused by a diet that is very low in vitamin K, or by conditions that interfere with vitamin K absorption or clotting factor production.

Symptoms of vitamin K deficiency may include:

* Prolonged bleeding after injuries or surgery
* Nosebleeds
* Bruising easily
* Bleeding gums
* Bloody stools
* Heavy menstrual periods

Causes of vitamin K deficiency may include:

* A diet that is low in vitamin K
* Conditions that interfere with vitamin K absorption, such as inflammatory bowel disease or liver disease
* Certain medications, such as anticoagulants (blood thinners)
* Malabsorption, such as in cases of celiac disease or Crohn's disease
* Vitamin K-dependent diseases, such as osteoporosis or cancer

Diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency is typically made based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests. Treatment may involve supplementation with vitamin K, changes to the diet to increase vitamin K intake, and addressing any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the deficiency.

It is important to note that vitamin K deficiency can be difficult to diagnose, as symptoms can be subtle and may not always be immediately apparent. If you suspect you or someone you know may have a vitamin K deficiency, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

"Inhibition of androstenediol-dependent LNCaP tumour growth by 17alpha-ethynyl-5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (HE3235)". ... is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 17α-substituted derivative of 3α-androstanediol which was never marketed. It was under ... 17beta-diol, its delta 5-analog and derivatives". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92 (2): 404-8. doi:10.3181/00379727-92-22493. PMID ... Diols, Experimental cancer drugs, Prodrugs, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary system drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol

... , or 5-androstenediol (abbreviated as A5 or Δ5-diol), also known as androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol, is an endogenous ... 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol). Derivatives and analogues of androstenediol, such as the 17α-substituted methandriol (17α- ... is a naturally occurring androstane steroid. It is closely related structurally to androstenedione (A4; androst-4-ene-3,17- ... 43-. ISBN 978-3-540-33120-9. J. Elks (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenediol

5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol; etiocholane-3α,17β-diol) - an endogenous intermediate to epiandrosterone 3β-Etiocholanediol (5β- ... androstane-3β,17β-diol; etiocholane-3β,17β-diol) - an endogenous intermediate to epietiocholanolone Androstanediol ... Etiocholanediol (5β-androstanediol) may refer to: 3α-Etiocholanediol ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiocholanediol

17beta-diol is formed in tammar wallaby pouch young testes by a pathway involving 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one as ... The final step is conversion of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (androstanediol) to DHT by several 3α-oxidoreductases (HSD17B6, RDH16 ... Wilson JD, Auchus RJ, Leihy MW, Guryev OL, Estabrook RW, Osborn SM, Shaw G, Renfree MB (February 2003). "5alpha-androstane- ... Mahendroo M, Wilson JD, Richardson JA, Auchus RJ (July 2004). "Steroid 5alpha-reductase 1 promotes 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen_backdoor_pathway

... is a synthetic androstane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. It is specifically the combined derivative of 5α- ... 5α-DHET, also known as 5α-dihydro-17α-ethynyltestosterone (17α-ethynyl-DHT) as well as 17α-ethynyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one or ... Ahlem C, Kennedy M, Page T, Bell D, Delorme E, Villegas S, Reading C, White S, Stickney D, Frincke J (February 2012). "17α- ... 38 (3): 243-62. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(81)90061-1. PMID 7197818. S2CID 2702353. Cherkasov A, Ban F, Santos-Filho O, Thorsteinson ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Dihydroethisterone

Diols, Human drug metabolites, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Genito-urinary ... 52 (3): 195-202. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(95)00151-y. PMID 7587192. v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short ... 39 (3): 291-7. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(89)90061-9. PMID 2714089. Peters AJ, Wentz AC, Kazer RR, Jeyendran RS, Chatterton RT (1995 ... Anordiol, or anordriol, also known as 2α,17α-diethynyl-A-nor-5α-androstane-2β,17β-diol, is a synthetic steroid-like mixed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anordiol

Russeau GG, Quivy JI (1981). "Interaction of A-nor, A, 19-dinor, and A-homo-5 alpha-androstane derivatives with the androgen ... 377-. ISBN 978-3-642-73790-9. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MED CHEMISTRY V14 PPR. Academic Press. 14 November 1979. pp. 169-. ISBN 978-0- ... Anordrin (former developmental code name AF-53), also known as 2α,17α-diethynyl-A-nor-5α-androstane-2β,17β-diol dipropionate, ... 32 (3): 301-9. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(85)90053-8. PMID 3841308. Xiao B (1997). "Abortion and emergency contraception: Chinese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anordrin

Diols, Esters, Experimental cancer drugs, Progestogens, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary ... 11 (3): 537-45. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(195805/06)11:3. 3.0.co;2-w. PMID 13523561. v t e v t e v t e (Articles with short ... Clinton, R.; Neumann, H.; Laskowski, S.; Christiansen, R. (1957). "Notes - Esters of 17α-Ethinyl-androstane-3β,17β-diol and 17 ... Ethandrostate, also known as ethinylandrostenediol 3β-cyclohexanepropionate, is a synthetic steroidal estrogen and ester of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethandrostate

17beta-diol, its delta 5-analog and derivatives". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92 (2): 404-8. doi:10.3181/00379727-92-22493. PMID ... Diols, Human drug metabolites, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary system drug stubs, ... 17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol shows high affinity for the estrogen receptors in vitro (IC50 values of 16 nM for ERα and 126 nM ... 17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol is a positional isomer of 17α-ethynyl-3α-androstanediol, and is a metabolite of this compound in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol

Handa, R. J.; Weiser, M. J.; Zuloaga, D. G. (2009). "A Role for the Androgen Metabolite, 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-Diol, in ... 40 (3): 302-15. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19990905)40:3. 3.0.CO;2-7. PMID 10440731. Weinstock M, Matlina E, Maor GI, Rosen H ... 10 (3): 239-250. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001643. PMID 15685252. Otmishi, Peyman; Gordon, Josiah; El-Oshar, Seraj; Li, Huafeng; ... 25 (3-4): 132-49. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2004.09.001. PMID 15589266. S2CID 41983825. Detillion CE, Craft TK, Glasper ER, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal_axis

"5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3beta-diol), an estrogenic metabolite of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, is a potent modulator ... 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol, and CYP7B1, regulates prostate growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ... Huang, Q; Zhu, H; Fischer, D; Zhou, J (2008). "An estrogenic effect of 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol on the behavioral response to ... Handa, R. J.; Weiser, M. J.; Zuloaga, D. G. (2009). "A Role for the Androgen Metabolite, 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-Diol, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3β-Androstanediol

17beta-diol is formed in tammar wallaby pouch young testes by a pathway involving 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one as ... Wilson JD, Auchus RJ, Leihy MW, Guryev OL, Estabrook RW, Osborn SM, Shaw G, Renfree MB (February 2003). "5alpha-androstane- ... androsterone and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol. 5α-Pregnan-17α-ol-3,20-dione is produced by 5α-reduction of 17-OHP. The reaction is ... 5α-Pregnan-17α-ol-3,20-dione, also known as 17α-hydroxy-dihydroprogesterone (17‐OH-DHP) is an endogenous steroid. 5α-Pregnan-17 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Pregnan-17α-ol-3,20-dione

"5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol is formed in tammar wallaby pouch young testes by a pathway involving 5alpha-pregnane- ... 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol → DHT. 5α-Pregnane-3α,17α-diol-20-one is produced from 5α-pregnan-17α-ol-3,20-dione in a reaction ... 3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one as a key intermediate". Endocrinology. 144 (2): 575-80. doi:10.1210/en.2002-220721. PMID 12538619. ... The product of 17-hydroxyprogesterone reduction, 5α-pregnan-17α-ol-3,20-dione, was metabolized by a reductive 3α-HSD to a new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Pregnane-3α,17α-diol-20-one

5α-androstane-3,17-dione) and estrone (estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-ol-17-one or 19-norandrost-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-ol-17-one). ... is a naturally occurring androstane steroid and a 17-ketosteroid. It is closely related structurally to androstenediol (A5; ... 138 (3): 863-70. doi:10.1210/endo.138.3.4979. PMID 9048584. Gray PB, McHale TS, Carré JM (May 2017). "A review of human male ... Thus, 17,20-lyase is required for the synthesis of androstenedione, whether immediately or one step removed. Androstenedione is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedione

This is a list of androstanes, or androstane derivatives. Androstanol 3α,5α-Androstanol (5α-androstan-3α-ol) - an endogenous ... 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol) - an endogenous androgen, estrogen, and neurosteroid 3β-Androstanediol (5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol ... 5α-androstane-3,17-dione) 5β-Androstanedione (5β-androstane-3,17-dione) Androstanolone Dihydrotestosterone (5α-androstan-17β-ol ... an endogenous pheromone Many synthetic androgens and anabolic steroids are androstane derivatives. Some progestins, such

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_androstanes

... is a naturally occurring androstane steroid and a 17-ketosteroid. It is closely related structurally to androstenediol (androst ... DHEA sulfate, the 3β-sulfate ester of DHEA, was isolated from urine in 1944, and was found by Baulieu to be the most abundant ... Retrieved 2017-07-17. Fabio Maldonado plans to use DHEA for Fedor match, admits use in UFC Memphis Grizzlies' O. J. Mayo gets ... ISBN 978-3-527-30247-5. 3β-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one hydrogen sulfate = (3β)-3-(Sulfooxy)androst-5-en-17-one. R: Sodium salt ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasterone

... also known as 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, is a naturally occurring androstane steroid and a structural analogue of DHT (5α- ... 138 (3): 863-70. doi:10.1210/endo.138.3.4979. PMID 9048584. Hong H, Branham WS, Ng HW, Moland CL, Dial SL, Fang H, Perkins R, ... 3α-Androstanediol also known as 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and sometimes shortened in the literature to 3α-diol, is an ... As androgens such as testosterone and DHT are known to have many of the same effects as 3α-diol and are converted into it in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3α-Androstanediol

5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of testosterone. It is formed from 5β-dihydrotestosterone (after 5β- ... Diols, Etiocholanes, Human metabolites, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Biochemistry stubs). ... 3α-Etiocholanediol, or simply etiocholanediol, also known as 3α,5β-androstanediol or as etiocholane-3α,17β-diol, is a naturally ... 3β-Etiocholanediol 3α-Androstanediol 3β-Androstanediol PEARLMAN WH; CERCEO E (1948). "The isolation of pregnanol-3(alpha)-one- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3α-Etiocholanediol

... androstane-3,17-diol MeSH D06.472.334.851.968.750 - androstenediol MeSH D06.472.334.851.968.875 - androstenedione MeSH D06.472. ... 17-ketosteroids MeSH D06.472.040.502.112 - androstenedione MeSH D06.472.040.502.195 - androsterone MeSH D06.472.040.502.497 - ... 17-hydroxycorticosteroids MeSH D06.472.040.585.478.195 - cortisone MeSH D06.472.040.585.478.225 - cortodoxone MeSH D06.472. ... 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone MeSH D06.472.317.152 - cholecystokinin MeSH D06.472.317.152.700 - sincalide MeSH D06.472.317.350 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D06)

It is an androstane steroid and analogue of 5-androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol) and 16α-hydroxy-DHEA (androst-5-ene-3β ... 16α-diol, is a drug described as a "steroid tranquilizer" which was briefly investigated as a treatment for alcoholism in the ... 16α-diol-17-one), but showed no androgenic or myotrophic activity in animal bioassays. The drug was reported in 1956 and ... Diols, Drug rehabilitation, Drugs with unknown mechanisms of action, All stub articles, Steroid stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetadiol

In January 2019 she was issued a four-year doping ban until January 2023 after testing positive for 5a- androstane-3a, 17 bdiol ... 5aAdiol) and 5b-androstane-3a, 17 b-diol (5bAdiol). "Chitchanok Pulsabsakul". IWF.net. International Weightlifting Federation. ... Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2013. "Sanctioned athletes". IWF.net. International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitchanok_Pulsabsakul

... is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone (androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one). It is ... Diols, Glucocorticoids, Hepatotoxins, Hormonal antineoplastic drugs, Enones, Organofluorides, World Anti-Doping Agency ... 154 (3): 502-521. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.165. PMC 2439524. PMID 18500378. Attardi BJ, Pham TC, Radler LC, Burgenson J, Hild SA, ... 110 (3-5): 214-22. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.11.009. PMC 2575079. PMID 18555683. Norman T. Adler; Donald Pfaff; Robert W. Goy (6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoxymesterone

5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of testosterone. It is formed from 5β-dihydrotestosterone (after 5β- ... Diols, Etiocholanes, Human metabolites, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Biochemistry stubs). ... 42 (3): 174. doi:10.1210/endo-42-3-174. PMID 18914211. v t e v t e (Articles without InChI source, Articles without KEGG source ... 3β-Etiocholanediol, or epietiocholanediol, also known as 3β,5β-androstanediol or as etiocholane-3β,17β-diol, is a naturally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3β-Etiocholanediol

17beta-diol; and 19-nor-4-androsten-3,17-dione: excretion studies in men". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 23 (5): 357-66. ... "Identification of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one sulfates as quantitatively ... 81 (3): 595-604. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.07.035. PMID 15037408. Huang XF, Luu-The V (August 2001). "Gene structure, ... 3β-Androstanediol Androstenol Androstenone Estratetraenol Yalkowsky SH, He Y, Jain P (19 April 2016). Handbook of Aqueous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiandrosterone

... is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of 5-androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol). A number of ... β-diol". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 22 (4): 472-473. doi:10.1021/jo01355a626. ISSN 0022-3263. Schänzer W (1996). " ... Diols, Hepatotoxins, World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances). ... 21-. ISBN 978-3-7091-5694-0. Bernstein, Seymour; Stolar, Stephen; Heller, Milton (1957). "Notes - Synthesis of 17α-Methyl-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methandriol

5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol) - an endogenous neurosteroid, weak androgen and estrogen, and intermediate to androsterone 3β- ... 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol) - an endogenous estrogen and intermediate to epiandrosterone 3α-Etiocholanediol (5β-androstane-3α,17 ... β-diol; etiocholane-3α,17β-diol) - an endogenous intermediate to etiocholanolone 3β-Etiocholanediol (5β-androstane-3β,17β-diol ... etiocholane-3β,17β-diol) - an endogenous intermediate to epietiocholanolone Etiocholanediol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstanediol

5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, dihydrotestosterone and Δ5-androstene-3β,17β-diol is described (for review see Mindnich et al. ( ... 2004b). Additionally, human 17β-HSD type 2 has high 20α-HSD activity with progestins (Puranen et al., 1999). Wang CT, Li CF, Wu ... 17β-HSD2, an enzyme with broad tissue distribution (Casey et al., 1994), plays its major role in the inactivation of potent ... 25 (3): 724-6. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80017-G. PMID 7759109. Persson B, Kallberg Y, Bray JE, Bruford E, Dellaporta SL, Favia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSD17B2

16α-diol - undefined mechanism of action; developed as a "tranquilizer" and for the treatment of alcoholism in the 1950s List ... 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol - GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator 3α-Androstenol: 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol - GABAA ... 21-diol - TrkA and p75NTR agonist Testosterone: androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one - TrkA and p75NTR antagonist Dexamethasone: 9α-fluoro ... 24S-diol - NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator 3β-Dihydroprogesterone (3β-DHP): pregn-4-en-3β-ol-20-one - GABAA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_neurosteroids

... androstane-3,17-diol MeSH D04.808.054.040.129 - androsterone MeSH D04.808.054.040.248 - dihydrotestosterone MeSH D04.808. ... vitamin k 3 MeSH D04.615.638.845 - 1-naphthylamine MeSH D04.615.638.845.800 - sertraline MeSH D04.615.638.850 - 2-naphthylamine ... 25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 MeSH D04.808.247.808.197 - cholesterol MeSH D04.808.247.808.197.070 - azacosterol MeSH D04.808.247.808. ... 25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 MeSH D04.808.247.222.222 - cholestadienes MeSH D04.808.247.222.222.347 - cholestadienols MeSH D04.808. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D04)

5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one) and vice versa. This gene encodes a member ... 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD or aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by ... 11 (3): 261-72. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001782. PMID 16344854. Human AKR1C4 genome location and AKR1C4 gene details page in the UCSC ... 11 (3): 261-72. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001782. PMID 16344854. Portal: Biology (Articles with short description, Short description ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3α-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase

"Relative binding affinity of androstane and C-19-nor-androstane-steroids for the estradiol-receptor in human myometrial and ... 24 (3): 188-93. doi:10.1093/jat/24.3.188. PMID 10774538. Detlef Thieme; Peter Hemmersbach (18 December 2009). Doping in Sports ... 137-. ISBN 978-3-540-79088-4. Jehuda Yinon (29 December 2003). Advances in Forensic Applications of Mass Spectrometry. CRC ... Uralets VP, Gillette PA (April 2000). "Over-the-counter Δ5 anabolic steroids 5-androsen-3,17-dione; 5-androsten-3β, 17β-diol; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone

17beta-diol is formed in tammar wallaby pouch young testes by a pathway involving 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one as ... Wilson JD, Auchus RJ, Leihy MW, Guryev OL, Estabrook RW, Osborn SM, Shaw G, Renfree MB (February 2003). "5alpha-androstane- ... 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (androstanediol) → DHT. This pathway is not always considered in the clinical evaluation of patients ... It has an affinity (Kd) of 0.25 to 0.5 nM for the human AR, which is about 2- to 3-fold higher than that of testosterone (Kd = ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrotestosterone

Androstane analogues of EE with significant although weak estrogenic activity include ethinylandrostenediol (17α-ethynyl-5- ... ISBN 978-3-662-07635-4. Gerstman BB, Gross TP, Kennedy DL, Bennett RC, Tomita DK, Stadel BV (January 1991). "Trends in the ... ISBN 978-3-642-60107-1. The binding affinity of EE2 for the estrogen receptor is similar to that of estradiol. [...] During ... On the other hand, due to the loss of inactivation of EE by 17β-HSD in the endometrium (uterus), EE is relatively more active ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethinylestradiol

Mahendroo M, Wilson JD, Richardson JA, Auchus RJ (July 2004). "Steroid 5alpha-reductase 1 promotes 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, ... 17beta-diol synthesis in immature mouse testes by two pathways". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 222 (1-2): 113-20. doi: ... 20-diol). In addition, allopregnanolone is one of four isomers of pregnanolone (3,5-tetrahydroprogesterone), with the other ... 199 (3): 251-65. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.027. PMID 15364541. Hu AQ, Wang ZM, Lan DM, Fu YM, Zhu YH, Dong Y, et al. (July ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopregnanolone

17beta-diol, its delta 5-analog and derivatives". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92 (2): 404-8. doi:10.3181/00379727-92-22493. PMID ... Diols, Prodrugs, Progestogens, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary system drug stubs, ... 11 (3): 537-45. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(195805/06)11:3. 3.0.co;2-w. PMID 13523561. v t e v t e v t e (Articles with short ... doi:10.1007/978-3-642-99941-3_6. ISBN 978-3-642-99942-0. Stavely, H. E. (1939). "Preparation of a Pregnane Compound from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethinylandrostenediol

Huang Q, Zhu H, Fischer DF, Zhou JN (June 2008). "An estrogenic effect of 5alpha-androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol on the ... 394-. ISBN 978-3-642-42014-6. de Jesus Cortez F, Nguyen P, Truillet C, Tian B, Kuchenbecker KM, Evans MJ, Webb P, Jacobson MP, ... 575-. ISBN 978-3-642-30725-6. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Bohl CE, Gao W, Miller DD, Bell CE, Dalton JT (April ... ISBN 978-3-319-31341-2. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Masiello D, Cheng S, Bubley GJ, Lu ML, Balk SP (July ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicalutamide

In January 2019 she was issued a four-year doping ban until January 2023 after testing positive for 5a- androstane-3a, 17 bdiol ... 5aAdiol) and 5b-androstane-3a, 17 b-diol (5bAdiol). CWR: Current world record WR: World record "2015 Weightlifting World ... Sukanya Srisurat (Thai: สุกัญญา ศรีสุราช; RTGS: Sukanya Sisurat; born 3 May 1995) is a Thai weightlifter competing in the 58 kg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukanya_Srisurat

2-diol dehydrogenase EC 1.3.1.20: trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase EC 1.3.1.21: 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase ... 7α-diol 12α-hydroxylase EC 1.14.13.96: Now EC 1.14.14.139, 5β-cholestane-3α,7α-diol 12α-hydroxylase EC 1.14.13.97: Now EC 1.14. ... 7α-diol 12α-hydroxylase EC 1.14.14.140: Now included with EC 1.14.14.162 EC 1.14.14.162, flavanone 2-hydroxylase EC 1.14.14.141 ... 2-diol dehydrogenase EC 1.10.2.1: The activity is covered by EC 7.2.1.3, ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane) EC 1.10.2.2: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)

16alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol 2, 16beta-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol 3 and ... 16alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol 4 with proven configuration we … ... The four possible isomers 16beta-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol 1, ... 17beta-diol 5, 16alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol 6, 16beta-methyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol 7, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11576623

MeSH Terms: Androstane-3,17-diol/pharmacology; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/genetics*; Breast Neoplasms/genetics; Breast ... Likewise, NAT1 transcript levels were not increased by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 5α-androstane-3β, (3β-adiol) 17β-diol. ... 5α-androstane-3β,17β-Diol, or Dihydrotestosterone in Breast Cancer Cells. ... We conclude that NAT1 expression is not directly regulated by E2, DHT, 3β-adiol, or dithiothreitol despite high NAT1 and ESR1 ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=3386513

5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol Pharm Action. Anabolic Agents. Registry Number. 25126-76-5. CAS Type 1 Name. Androstane-3, ... 5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol Term UI T044140. Date07/19/1988. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID UNK (19XX). ... 5 beta-Androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol Narrower Concept UI. M0023247. Registry Number. 0. Terms. 5 beta-Androstane-3 alpha,17 ... 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol Narrower Concept UI. M0023249. Registry Number. 0. Terms. 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,17 ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015113

Androstane-3,17-diol,N0000007906, 4-Hydroxycoumarins,N0000007905, Ricinoleic Acids,N0000007904, Cyclosporins,N0000007903, ... estradiol 17 beta-cypionate,N0000004762, esmolol hydrochloride,N0000004761, Ergotamine Tartrate,N0000004760, Vitamin D 2, ... DL 3-117,N0000006834, sodium chromate(VI),N0000006833, Topotecan,N0000006832, potassium metabisulfite,N0000006831, ardeparin, ... oleth-3-phosphate,N0000006416, SDZ ENA 713,N0000006415, Merbromin,N0000006414, Meprobamate,N0000006413, cineole,N0000006412, ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/FDA/ndfrt/Archive/structure_dn_nui.txt

16 β-dipiperidino-5 α-androstane-3 α, 17-β diol diacetate dimethobromide. The structural formula is:. ... As much as 25% of an injected dose may be recovered as 3-hydroxy metabolite, which is half as potent a blocking agent as ... If a small dose of pancuronium bromide is given at least 3 minutes prior to the administration of succinylcholine, in order to ... Less than 5% of the injected dose is recovered as 17-hydroxy metabolite and 3,17-dihydroxy metabolite, which have been judged ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a95893be-9df7-4f3e-ad72-3298dab8b187

3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in tissues of the human fetus determined with 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta- ... diol and dehydroepiandrosterone as substrates.. Milewich L; Shaw CE; Mason JI; Carr BR; Blomquist CH; Thomas JL. J Steroid ... 17. Regulation of human placental progesterone synthesis in vitro by naturally occurring steroids.. Rabe T; Kiesel L; Runnebaum ... 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase (3beta-HSD) activity in the rat sciatic nerve: kinetic analysis and regulation by ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=2268554&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

Androstane-3,17-diol D4.808.54.40.80 D4.210.500.54.40.80 Androstanes D4.808.54 D4.210.500.54 Androstanols D4.808.54.40 D4.210. ... G2.111.17 G2.149.115.24 G3.49 G3.495.112 Aflatoxin B1 D3.438.150.119.75 D3.633.100.150.119.75 Aflatoxin M1 D3.438.150.119.100 ... 3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine D3.438.79.800 D3.633.100.79.800 2-Aminopurine D3.438.759.138.50 D3.633 ... ErbB-3 D12.776.543.750.60.09.500 D12.776.543.750.630.09.500 Receptor, ErbB-4 D12.776.543.750.60.09.600 D12.776.543.750.630.09. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/E/mnchg2017.txt

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015113

5α-Androstane-3α,17β-diol Glucuronide 8-OHdG ACE-2 Acetylcholine Receptor Autoantibody Active renin Adipocyte Fatty Acid ... Urocortin 3 Uromodulin VAP-1 Vaspin VCAM-1 VEGF receptor VEGF-A VEGF-C VEGF-R2/KDR VEGF-R3/FLT-4 Visfatin WISP-1 Zinc ... molecule 1,25OH2 Vitamin D 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase 25-OH-Vitamin-D ... ICAM-3 IFN-gamma IFN-omega IGF-1 IGF-2 IGFBP-1 IGFBP-2 IGFBP-3 Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin Free Light ...

https://www.biovendor.com/immunoassays?molecule=Glucagon-Like+Peptide-2&type=Competitive+ELISA%2C+Immobilized+antibody

5alpha Androstane 3beta,17alpha diol. 5alpha-Androstane-3beta,17alpha-diol. Androstane 3,17 diol. ... Androstane-3,17-diol - Preferred Concept UI. M0023245. Scope note. The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major ... 5 alpha-Androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol Entry term(s). 5 alpha Androstane 3 alpha,17 beta diol 5 alpha Androstane 3alpha,17 ... 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,17 alpha-diol Entry term(s). 5 alpha Androstane 3 beta,17 alpha diol 5alpha Androstane 3beta,17alpha ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=743

Synthesis of the epimeric 15,16-epoxides in the androstane series 1962, Vol. 27, Issue 8, pp. 1856-1860 [Abstract] ... 16-diols and proof of their configurations. 1955, Vol. 20, Issue 6, pp. 1464-1472 [Abstract] ... The epimeric 15-bromo-16-ketones in the androstane series. 1962, Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 64-72 [Abstract] ... Synthesis and reactions of Δ15 derivatives of androstane. 1958, Vol. 23, Issue 12, pp. 2155-2168 [Abstract] ...

http://cccc.uochb.cas.cz/38/5/1415/same_authors/

... diol metabolite. We have confirmed UGT-2B17 has 4 / 5 predicted phosphorylation sites found in luminal cell-distributed UGT- ... and its 5α-androstane- 3α,17β- ... suppressed activation of caspases 8/3 over 50% of wt-2B15 ... generated 10-fold greater in-cellulo caspases 8/3 activations over wt-2B15, while 2B15(TYS) ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/festival14/poster-CANCER-5.html

17ß-diol (DIOL) and testosterone were measured. Taxifolin significantly suppressed basal, LH-stimulated, 8BR-stimulated, ... The medium concentrations of 5α-androstane-3α, ... hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase with IC50 values of 14.55±0.013 and ... Andrógenos/biosíntesis Células Intersticiales del Testículo/efectos de los fármacos Quercetina/análogos & derivados 17- ... Further study demonstrated that taxifolin inhibited rat 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17α- ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/es/mdl-29402482

This isozyme has glucuronidating capacity with steroid substrates such as 5-beta-androstane 3-alpha,17-beta-diol, estradiol, ... This isozyme has glucuronidating capacity with steroid substrates such as 5-beta-androstane 3-alpha,17-beta-diol, estradiol, ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/targets/UGT2B28

3a epithio 17a methyl 17b hydroxy 5a androstane, and 11 OXO adrenosterone. It all intensifies even more when there are more ... 17, to get himself to an accredited facility. The nearest stations to Buy Steroids Uk are. "We actively encourage anyone who ... Some examples of these designer steroids include Helladrol or H Drol 4 chloro 17a methyl androsta 1,4 diene 3,17 diol, ... Methastadrol or M Drol 2a, 17a dimethyl etiocholan 3 one, 17b ol, Epi MAX 2a, ...

https://woodframepilar.com.ar/take-advantage-of-httpscanadianpharmacycacomsectionsportsnutrition-read-these-10-tips/

AND HORM ANDROSTANE-3,17-DIOL HORMONES, HORMONE SUBSTITUTES, AND HORM ANDROSTENEDIONE HORMONES, HORMONE SUBSTITUTES, AND HORM ... HORMONES ANDROSTANE-3,17-DIOL HORMONES ANDROSTENEDIONE HORMONES ANDROSTERONE HORMONES ARGIPRESSIN HORMONES BETA-MSH HORMONES ... ANABOLIC STEROIDS ANDROSTANE-3,17-DIOL ANABOLIC STEROIDS ETHYLESTRENOL ANABOLIC STEROIDS FLUOXYMESTERONE ANABOLIC STEROIDS ... SYNTHETIC ANDROSTANE-3,17-DIOL ANDROGENS, SYNTHETIC ETHYLESTRENOL ANDROGENS, SYNTHETIC FLUOXYMESTERONE ANDROGENS, SYNTHETIC ...

https://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mesh/.misc/pa2002pa.txt

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2017.txt

Androstane-3,17-diol [D06.472.334.851.968.500] Androstane-3,17-diol * Androstenediol [D06.472.334.851.968.750] ... 4-Androstene-3,17-dione. delta 4 Androstenedione. delta-4-Androstenedione. Tree number(s):. D04.210.500.054.079.329. D04.210. ... 4 Androstene 3,17 dione 4-Androstene-3,17-dione delta 4 Androstenedione delta-4-Androstenedione ... We invite you to complete a survey that will take no more than 3 minutes.. Go to survey ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=750&filter=ths_exact_term&q=ANDROSTENEDIONE

Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings.. ... Failure3. *Depending on the drug, they are licensed for use for up to 107 to 120 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse or ... The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen ... and as a post-coital emergency contraceptive ("morning-after pill").[3] It was first thought to be safe and effective, but ... ...

https://lookformedical.com/en/search/contraceptives-postcoital-synthetic

16-di-piperidinyl-Androstane-3，17-diol 0.00 ... 16-di-piperidinyl-Androstane-3，17-diol. CAS NO.13522-16-2 Use. ... 7a,17b)-7-[9-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)thio]nonyl]-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol-17-acetate 0.00 ... 3-Morpholino-1-(4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one 0.00 ... 7a,17b)-7-[9-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl]nonyl]estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol 0.00 ...

http://en.asincanbio.com/product/426.html

Purification of fetal steroid binding protein from human serum by affinity chromatography of 5 alpha androstane 3 beta 17 beta ... diol 3 hemisuccinate aminohexyl sepharose 6b. Biochemical Journal 240(1): 75-80 ... Vidal, J.C.; Guglielmucci, E.A.; Stoppani, A.O.M. 1977: Purification of apo 3 d levo hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase ec 1.1.1.30 ... Usui, T.; Totani, K.; Totsuka, A.; Oguchi, M. 1985: Purification of endo 1 3 beta d glucanases lysing yeast cell walls from ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/006/232/

20β-diol,14α,18α-[4-methyl-3-oxo-(1-oxa-4-azal,5,5′-Dimethoxy-3,3′,7,7′-tetramethyl-2,2′-binaphthalene-1,1′,4,4′,N-(4,6- ... Androstane-11,17-dione,3- [(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-,17-[O-(phenylme, Benzeneacetamide,α-ethyl-, 4-Benzyloxy-6-hydroxymethyl- ... 3. Computational Analysis For Revealing The Role of Thymoquinone (Active Compound From Ethanolic Extract of Nigella Sativa) As ... The onset is generally before the age of 5 years, with attacks lasting 3-6 days, recurring every 3-8 weeks. Patients are ...

https://ijpcr.com/volume8issue5/

... phenanthrene diol epoxide-adducted template exhibits mutagenic features. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103:17231-17236 (2006).] ... Phenobarbital indirectly activates the constitutive active androstane receptor (CAR) by inhibition of epidermal growth factor ... phenanthrene diol epoxide-adducted template exhibits mutagenic features. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103:17231-17236 (2006). [ ... Phenobarbital indirectly activates the constitutive active androstane receptor (CAR) by inhibition of epidermal growth factor ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs/gisbl/pi/cxc/publications/index.cfm

Sodium phenobarbital is an acvtivator of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; Nr1i3)." [CHEBI:8070, PMID:29548889] ... NOTE: This molecule does not induce apoptosis and does not inhibit protein synthesis." [] synonym: "3-Amino-3-deoxy-N6,N6- ... It has been used to produce pulmonary arterial hypertension in animal models." [CHEBI:91083] synonym: "(3Z)-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H ... 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and ...

https://download.rgd.mcw.edu/ontology/experimental_condition/experimental_condition_20220219_v4.106.obo

Beta-diol 5alpha-Androstane-3beta 17beta Estradiol Metabolite Testosterone Isomers 2022 Steroid 2021 Levels Effect Women Structural Analysis Postmenopausal women Hormones Cells Alpha Time

Androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol is exclusively formed by seminiferous tubules. (nih.gov)
This isozyme has glucuronidating capacity with steroid substrates such as 5-beta-androstane 3-alpha,17-beta-diol, estradiol, ADT, eugenol and bile acids. (nih.gov)

The relative binding affinities of the 16-methyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17-diols 5, 6, 7, 8 and 17-hydroxy-16-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-ones 13, 14, 15, 16 were studied. (nih.gov)

17beta-Estradiol 3-glucuronide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as steroid glucuronide conjugates. (hmdb.ca)
17beta-Estradiol 3-glucuronide is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. (hmdb.ca)

High N-Acetyltransferase 1 Expression Is Associated with Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Tumors, but Is not Under Direct Regulation by Estradiol, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-Diol, or Dihydrotestosterone in Breast Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
40. 17β-estradiol effect on testicular β-endorphin expression in Psammomys obesus. (nih.gov)
Esteroide C19 delta-4 que no solo se produce en el TESTÍCULO, sino también en el OVARIO y la CORTEZA SUPRARRENAL Dependiendo del tipo de tejido, la androstenodiona puede ser precursora de la TESTOSTERONA, de la ESTRONA o del ESTRADIOL. (bvsalud.org)
A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. (lookformedical.com)

As much as 25% of an injected dose may be recovered as 3-hydroxy metabolite, which is half as potent a blocking agent as pancuronium. (nih.gov)
Less than 5% of the injected dose is recovered as 17-hydroxy metabolite and 3,17-dihydroxy metabolite, which have been judged to be approximately 50 times less potent than pancuronium. (nih.gov)
Human prostate basal cell distributed UDP- glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B17 and its 97%-identical UGT-2B15 homolog metabolize di-hydrotestosterone (DHT) and its 5α-androstane- 3α,17β- diol metabolite. (nih.gov)
For equine, GC-MS/MS analysis identified the diagnostic 3α-chloro-17α-methyl-5α-androstane-16α,17ß-diol metabolite. (bvsalud.org)

Nongenetic factors accounted for 50% or more of the variation of the conversion ratios for testosterone/3 alpha-androstanediol and DHT/3 alpha-androstanediol. (nih.gov)
The androgen testosterone (17 -hydroxyandrostenone) has a molecular weight of 288 daltons. (cdc.gov)

In this way, comparison was possible with the C-16 epimers 5, 6 and 13, 14 prepared earlier by a different route, and the series of isomers could be completed with the steric structures of 16beta-methyl-17alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol 7 and 16alpha-methyl-17alpha-hydroxy-5alpha 8 and with their 3-keto derivatives 15 and 16. (nih.gov)

87(3): 217-223, 2022. (bvsalud.org)
2022. Emerging chemical and biochemical tools for studying 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate. (nih.gov)

Due to the potential toxicity of the halogenated steroid, in vitro metabolic investigations of 3α-chloro-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17ß-ol using equine and human S9 liver fractions were performed. (bvsalud.org)

2021. Structural and substrate specificity analysis of 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 to synthesize heparan sulfate. (nih.gov)

Likewise, NAT1 transcript levels were not increased by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 5α-androstane-3β, (3β-adiol) 17β-diol. (nih.gov)
Following exchange of IYG in wt-2B15 for TYS in wt-2B17 at positions 98-100 and transfections into COS-1 cells, 2B17(IYG) generated 10-fold greater in-cellulo caspases 8/3 activations over wt-2B15, while 2B15(TYS) suppressed activation of caspases 8/3 over 50% of wt-2B15 levels. (nih.gov)

Trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3- one) and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s). (wada-ama.org)

These volunteers were 15 young men and 17 postmenopausal women. (nih.gov)

c) Many problems will be amenable to treatment by computer programs which exist or which will be leveloped, for example, structural isomer problems or HRMS interpretation on compounds in 3 well-understood class. (nih.gov)

2) A ztoordinated system of hardware and software for signal Tur 3) Pata reduction techniques based on a compntei (not theoretical) noiel of the MS, including peak shapes, mass/time function, and resolving power as a function of mass. 4) Poak profile analysis for nultiplet detection and resolution. (nih.gov)

These volunteers were 15 young men and 17 postmenopausal women. (nih.gov)
Modest benefit has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of supplemental transdermal testosterone to estrogen-replete [ 3-7 ] and estrogen-deficient [ 8 ] postmenopausal women reporting low sexual desire and inconsistent ability to be sexually satisfied. (medscape.com)

Significantly lower levels of two precursor hormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and androstene-3β,17β-diol, were found in women with sexual dysfunction ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.020, respectively). (medscape.com)
[ 17 ] Intracrinology is the production of hormones within a cell to exert their activity in that same cell with minimal release of active hormones into the circulation. (medscape.com)

High N-Acetyltransferase 1 Expression Is Associated with Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Tumors, but Is not Under Direct Regulation by Estradiol, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-Diol, or Dihydrotestosterone in Breast Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
2. 2beta-(N-substituted piperazino)-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diols: parallel solid-phase synthesis and antiproliferative activity on human leukemia HL-60 cells. (nih.gov)
3. Libraries of 2β-(N-substituted piperazino)-5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diols: chemical synthesis and cytotoxic effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells and on normal lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
4. Chemical synthesis of 2beta-amino-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol N-derivatives and their antiproliferative effect on HL-60 human leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
20. Synthesis of pregnane derivatives, their cytotoxicity on LNCap and PC-3 cells, and screening on 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity. (nih.gov)
Following exchange of IYG in wt-2B15 for TYS in wt-2B17 at positions 98-100 and transfections into COS-1 cells, 2B17(IYG) generated 10-fold greater in-cellulo caspases 8/3 activations over wt-2B15, while 2B15(TYS) suppressed activation of caspases 8/3 over 50% of wt-2B15 levels. (nih.gov)

This isozyme has glucuronidating capacity with steroid substrates such as 5-beta-androstane 3-alpha,17-beta-diol, estradiol, ADT, eugenol and bile acids. (nih.gov)

2) A ztoordinated system of hardware and software for signal Tur 3) Pata reduction techniques based on a compntei (not theoretical) noiel of the MS, including peak shapes, mass/time function, and resolving power as a function of mass. 4) Poak profile analysis for nultiplet detection and resolution. (nih.gov)

Anatomy10

Organisms16

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

Androstanes

Receptors, Steroid

Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating

Phenobarbital

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases

Xenobiotics

Hepatocytes

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide

Propanediol Dehydratase

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A

Zoxazolamine

Hep G2 Cells

Meclizine

Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes

Steroid Hydroxylases

Transcription Factors

Pregnenolone Carbonitrile

Enzyme Induction

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System

Glycols

Liver

Metabolic Detoxication, Drug

Clotrimazole

Retinoid X Receptor alpha

Epoxy Compounds

Glucuronosyltransferase

Cobamides

Chrysenes

o-Aminoazotoluene

Benzopyrenes

Androstenols

Oximes

PPAR alpha

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4

Pyridines

Hinge Exons

Cynanchum

Stereoisomerism

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

Phenanthrenes

RNA, Messenger

Lithocholic Acid

Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II

Ligands

Bay-Region, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

DNA Adducts

Organic Anion Transport Polypeptide C

Sulfotransferases

Ginkgolides

Genes, Reporter

Benzo(a)pyrene

Alcohols

Transcriptional Activation

Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins

Bile Acids and Salts

Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2

Mice, Knockout

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus

Microsomes, Liver

Gene Expression Regulation

Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase

Receptor Cross-Talk

Response Elements

Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1

Retinoid X Receptors

Androstane-3,17-diol

Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon

Cells, Cultured

Steroids

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Base Sequence

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Receptors, Glucocorticoid

Epoxide Hydrolases

Propylene Glycols

Carcinogens

Klebsiella oxytoca

Rifampin