Androgen-Binding Protein

Testis

Androgens

Receptors, Androgen

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome

Testosterone Congeners

Dihydrotestosterone

Testosterone

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

Prostate

Androgen Antagonists

Sertoli Cells

Sex hormone-binding globulin

RELA

Androgen receptor

ALDH1A1

Robert Vigersky

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

PA2G4

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

TMF1

Seminiferous tubule

PRPF6

Androgen deprivation-induced senescence

Herbert Kuhl

SYTL1

Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1

Sertoli cell

SPINLW1

DEFB118

TMEPAI

Forkhead box protein O1

Fel d 1

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4

Spermatogenesis

Follicle-stimulating hormone

CREB1

Anordrin

Secretoglobin

Hormonal contraception

PRSS8

SNAI2

PANO1

7α-Thioprogesterone

PSMD7

HCONDELs

Progestogen ester

Allylestrenol

Androgen

Glucocorticoid receptor

PSMB3

Steroidal aromatase inhibitor

Prostate cancer

Index of biochemistry articles

Nuclear receptor

Alkaline phosphatase

NetPath

Tasquinimod

Nuclear receptor coactivator 2

Estetrol

Mediator (coactivator)

Chromosome 6

Estrogen receptor beta

Lipid signaling

Sipuleucel-T

Cholestasis

Breast cancer classification

Metformin

60S ribosomal protein L24

TMEFF2

GTF2F1

Truncated androgen receptors1

• 13. Determinants of Gli2 co-activation of wildtype and naturally truncated androgen receptors. (nih.gov)

Receptors in the muscles2

• RAD 140: RAD 140 works by binding to androgen receptors in the muscles and bones, which helps to stimulate muscle growth and prevent muscle wasting. (tribuneindia.com)
• There are special Andarine binding receptors in the muscles, called androgen receptors, which are basically proteins. (spectrelabs.org)

Selective8

• Short for selective androgen receptor modulators, SARMs are a class of medications that can be taken orally or injected and offer similar results to steroids without harsh side effects. (tribuneindia.com)
• They are selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), which means they only bind to androgen receptors in muscle and bone tissue, resulting in increased muscle mass and strength with minimal impact on other tissues such as the prostate or liver. (tribuneindia.com)
• Since SARMs are selective, they will only zero in on androgen receptors to bring results. (1-stoptransportation.com)
• This selective androgen receptor modulator (sarm) is showing promising results in clinical studies for helping people achieve their fitness. (1-stoptransportation.com)
• Sarm is an acronym for selective androgen receptor modulators, a man-made drug that was discovered in the early 1990s. (1-stoptransportation.com)
• Ligandrol is a type of chemical known as a selective androgen receptor modulator (sarm). (godshandsandfeet.net)
• Lgd-4033 or ligandrol is a selective androgen receptor modulator or sarm. (honeydoohome.com)
• SARMs are selective androgen receptor modulators: Agents that bind in the body to proteins known as androgen receptors. (fatburners.at)

Globulin5

• Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG], and albumin). (cdc.gov)
• Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the blood transport protein for androgens and estrogens. (cdc.gov)
• Androgen-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN . (nih.gov)
• The reproductive subtype, about 23%, had higher levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), a pituitary hormone that regulates the ovaries, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a protein that transports estrogen and androgens. (nih.gov)
• With age as Testosterone declines, the androgen-binding protein, Sex Binding Hormone Globulin (SHBG) levels increase. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Synthesis8

• Each of these ingredients is critical for protein synthesis, which leads to muscle growth. (testrx.com)
• Because testosterone enhances your protein synthesis which provides the needed level of proteins for healthy muscle growth. (fscip.org)
• Further, the inhibitory effect of either the free or protein-bound androgens on DNA synthesis was blocked by UO126, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase activity. (bioscientifica.com)
• Hence, the inhibitory effects of testosterone on DNA synthesis in VSMC are apparently exerted by membrane-binding sites for androgen, do not require intracellular entry of the hormone and its binding to the classical nuclear receptors and are linked to MAPK activation. (bioscientifica.com)
• By binding to androgen receptors it activates protein synthesis resulting in greater muscle mass, stronger denser bones. (seelki.com)
• A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (lookformedical.com)
• This formula is designed to help you build hard, dry muscles by increasing protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown. (powerandbulk.com)
• It contains three ingredients that are known to promote and enhance protein synthesis, including Rhaponticum Cathamoides 100:1 Extract (Root), Ajuga Turkestanica Extract (whole plant), and Myostatin and Anabolic Proprietary Blend 250mg. (powerandbulk.com)

Active androgen1

• With less active androgen circulating in the bloodstream, men begin to experience the signs and symptoms of Andropause. (testosteronetherapy.net)

SARMs1

• Unlike steroids, which bind to all androgen receptors, SARMs selectively target only certain receptors. (tribuneindia.com)

Hormone7

• This data will allow for population estimates of the selected steroid hormones and related binding protein that can be used to assist in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases such as, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), androgen deficiency, cancer, and hormone imbalances in children. (cdc.gov)
• 8. The corepressors silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor and nuclear receptor corepressor are involved in agonist- and antagonist-regulated transcription by androgen receptor. (nih.gov)
• At necropsy blood was collected and samples sent to Dr. Sokol for lead, DNA, Androgen Binding Protein (ABP), and hormone analyses. (nih.gov)
• The focus will be on fundamental studies of hormone and growth factor action including the mechanisms of action of nuclear hormones, the role(s) of nuclear accessory proteins and the signal transduction pathways important for nuclear hormone action in prostate. (nih.gov)
• It is clear that signaling by the androgen receptor is paramount for not only the initiation but also the progression of the disease, including escape to a hormone-refractory disease," he says. (technologynetworks.com)
• Testosterone is an androgen male sex hormone, and Andropause is the male menopause giving the health condition the name Andropause . (testosteronetherapy.net)
• SHGB is an inhibitor for biologically active testosterone as it binds to it preventing it from reaching hormone receptors. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Inhibits4

• 12. HOXC8 inhibits androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells by inhibiting SRC-3 recruitment to direct androgen target genes. (nih.gov)
• Our preliminary cell culture studies using human prostate cancer cells show that lycopene is absorbed selectively by and inhibits the proliferation of the androgen sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP but not the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3. (nih.gov)
• FOXO1, a key downstream effector of PTEN, inhibits androgen-independent activation of the AR. (umn.edu)
• Conclusions: FOXO1 binds to the TAU5 motif in the AR NTD and inhibits ligand-independent activation of AR splice variants, suggesting the PTEN/FOXO1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of aberrant AR activation and castration-resistant PCa growth. (umn.edu)

Receptor activity1

• 15. Hypoxia increases androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)

Carrier proteins1

• Carrier proteins produced in the Sertoli cells of the testis, secreted into the seminiferous tubules, and transported via the efferent ducts to the epididymis. (nih.gov)

Estrogens1

• You also get two aromatase enzymes which break down androgens to estrogens, steroid tablets and coronavirus. (rodnik39.ru)

Androgenic2

• Measurement of SHBG can be an important indicator of an excessive/chronic androgenic action where androgen levels are normal, but where clinical symptoms would seem to indicate androgen in excess. (cdc.gov)
• The best Sarm for cutting for women, Andarine is a better choice of Sarm because of its least binding capacity to the androgenic receptors. (1-stoptransportation.com)

Mitogen-Activa1

• In both cell types, DHT as well as T-BSA increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase activity as measured by total phosphorylated MAPK. (bioscientifica.com)

Hormones4

• PCOS is characterized by irregular or missing menstrual periods (due to lack of or infrequent ovulation), high levels of androgens (male hormones) and small cysts on the ovaries. (nih.gov)
• Researchers categorized them according to their body mass index (BMI) and levels of glucose, insulin and reproductive hormones, including androgens. (nih.gov)
• This receptor attaches (binds) to a class of hormones called androgens, which are involved in male sexual development. (medlineplus.gov)
• T-BSA conjugate labeled with Europium showed binding to whole VSMC, which could be displaced by excess T-BSA, but not by estradiol-BSA or the free hormones. (bioscientifica.com)

SHBG7

• SHBG has a high binding affinity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), medium affinity to testosterone and estradiol, and only a low affinity to estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstendione, and estriol. (cdc.gov)
• Albumin, which exists in far higher concentrations than SHBG, also binds sexual steroids - although with a clearly lower binding affinity (e.g. about 100 times lower for testosterone). (cdc.gov)
• In the serum SHBG mainly takes over the transportation of steroids and the reduction/regulation of the effect of androgen. (cdc.gov)
• 2002). Decreased SHBG serum levels are associated with conditions where elevated androgen levels are present or where the effect of androgen on its target organs is excessive. (cdc.gov)
• SHBG is a useful supplementary parameter in the determination of androgen where a relatively high concentration of free androgen (e.g. testosterone) is suspected (Pugeat, et al. (cdc.gov)
• Decreased SHBG concentrations are often seen with hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), obesity, hirsutism, elevated androgen levels, alopecia, acromegaly and some polymorphisms on the SHBG gene. (cdc.gov)
• Total T includes those Testosterone levels binding to the SHBG and not readily available, while the Free Testosterone levels are those that are not bound and biologically "Free" for use in the body. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Deficiency5

• Androgen deficiency such as hypogonadism is associated with a range of chronic diseases. (cdc.gov)
• The prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men between 30 and 79 years of age is estimated to be 5.6% (Araujo et al, 2007). (cdc.gov)
• Androgen deficiency in men and excess in women and the associated chronic diseases are a public health concern. (cdc.gov)
• If you are experiencing one or more of these androgen deficiency symptoms Contact a Low T Center to schedule a Medical Testosterone Consultation. (testosteronetherapy.net)
• Andropause and Androgen Deficiency. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Proteomics3

• In a very recent study (5), we were able to show that a hypothesis-free profiling of the small molecule and protein content of plasma samples (so-called metabolomics and proteomics) in a clearly defined human model of thyrotoxicosis allowed for the derivation of a TSH- and FT4-independent diagnostic signature. (deepdyve.com)
• In order to clarify the mechanism of action of lycopene as an antiproliferative agent, we will measure the sub-cellular distribution of lycopene and then investigate changes in protein expression both globally and on the sub-cellular level using the ICAT quantitative proteomics methodology. (nih.gov)
• In addition, a lycopene affinity column will be prepared and used to screen lycopene sensitive cells for a lycopene receptor or binding protein which will be identified using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. (nih.gov)

Muscles2

• As Andarine reaches the muscle fiber, it binds to the receptor and generates a signal transduction pathway, which triggers the growth of muscles and bones. (spectrelabs.org)
• Myo-Stack works by helping your muscles to grab more amino acids from your bloodstream, which are then used to create muscle protein at a faster rate. (powerandbulk.com)

Steroids2

• Endogenous androgens are C-19 steroids with a side chain at C-17, and with two angular methyl groups. (nih.gov)
• In fact, the increased number of androgen receptors may mutate so they can start feeding off other steroids or even growth factors, Dr. Daaka says. (technologynetworks.com)

Transactivation1

• 6. Increased PrLZ-mediated androgen receptor transactivation promotes prostate cancer growth at castration-resistant stage. (nih.gov)

Transcriptional activation1

• The encoded protein also can bind androgen receptor, providing a link between transcriptional activation and splicing. (nih.gov)

Genes2

• The temporal analysis revealed dynamic expression profiles of lncRNAs with many positively, and highly, correlated to protein-coding genes with known roles in synaptic plasticity, suggesting their possible involvement in LTP. (frontiersin.org)
• In CML, the target is the abnormal protein made by fused genes, BCR-ABL, in cancerous blood cells, where in its activated or "on" state the mutant enzyme pushes white blood cells into overdive, causing disease. (nih.gov)

Concentrations1

• and rat androgen binding protein concentrations in the rat and rhesus monkey. (rndsystems.com)

Castration-resistant1

• Background: Aberrant activation of the androgen receptor (AR) is a major factor highly relevant to castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer (PCa). (umn.edu)

Gene6

• 11. Transcriptional regulation of the androgen signaling pathway by the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1. (nih.gov)
• This gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor . (medlineplus.gov)
• Epigenetic changes influence gene expression, the process that transforms DNA's genetic instructions into the proteins cells use to carry out their functions. (nih.gov)
• Just like turning up or down, or even muting, the volume on your television doesn't change the characters' dialogue, epigenetic changes can alter how much protein a gene produces without changing the genetic instructions themselves. (nih.gov)
• Scientists have known for some time that treatment-resistant prostate cancer cells have more copies of the androgen receptor gene than treatment-sensitive cells. (nih.gov)
• The protein encoded by this gene appears to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing, possibly acting as a bridging factor between U5 and U4/U6 snRNPs in formation of the spliceosome. (nih.gov)

Regulation1

• 4. Regulation of androgen receptor-mediated transcription by RPB5 binding protein URI/RMP. (nih.gov)

Sertoli1

• In males, FSH stimulates Sertoli cells of the testicles to produce an androgen-binding protein (ABP), which stimulates spermatogenesis. (pediaa.com)

Nuclear1

• 14. Identification of a negative regulatory cis-element in the enhancer core region of the prostate-specific antigen promoter: implications for intersection of androgen receptor and nuclear factor-kappaB signalling in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)

Prostate cancer cells5

• 17. 6-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-yl)-N-(6-methoxypyridine-2-yl) nicotinamide-26 (DIMN-26) decreases cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis and downregulation of androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
• 18. The tumor suppressor ING1b is a novel corepressor for the androgen receptor and induces cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
• Levels of the protein, ßarrestin2, are lower in some prostate cancer cells than in normal prostate cells while expression of testosterone-fed androgen receptors is higher, they report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Online Early Edition this week. (technologynetworks.com)
• Prostate cancer cells are highly dependent on the androgen receptor, the cellular protein that testosterone must bind to in order to exert its effects. (nih.gov)
• However, while working at Dana Farber, Dr. Takeda led a study showing that prostate cancer cells can also turn on a regulatory region in their DNA, called an enhancer, that revs up production of the androgen receptor. (nih.gov)

Symptoms2

• Researchers believe that the milder signs and symptoms in females may be related to lower androgen levels. (medlineplus.gov)
• It is in middle age, usually in the 40's and 50's that men's bodies start to really notice the symptoms of Andropause and the decline in androgen. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Regulator1

• 5. Androgen receptor as a regulator of ZEB2 expression and its implications in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. (nih.gov)

Enzymes1

• The alpha subunit of both FSH and LH are identical while the beta subunit endows the ability to bind to a specific receptor, discriminating between the two enzymes. (pediaa.com)

Bone1

• Lgd-4033 works by binding to androgen receptors in the body in both the bone and muscle tissues. (honeydoohome.com)

Analyses1

• In vitro protein binding assays and western blot analyses were used to determine the regions in FOXO1 and AR responsible for their interaction. (umn.edu)

Levels1

• However increased levels of ßarrestin2 appear to halt the potentially deadly increase in androgen receptor expression, the MCG research team has found. (technologynetworks.com)

Body1

• Without testosterone, prostate tumors shrink, which is why prostate cancer that has spread throughout the body is typically treated with androgen deprivation therapy, which cuts off the cancer's supply of testosterone. (nih.gov)

Target1

• interesting new way, by freezing the target protein in an inactive conformation, so that its enzyme cannot work. (nih.gov)

Cells6

• 2. LINE-1 ORF-1p functions as a novel androgen receptor co-activator and promotes the growth of human prostatic carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
• 10. Capillarisin blocks prostate-specific antigen expression on activation of androgen receptor in prostate carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
• Although the extended CAG region changes the structure of the androgen receptor, it is unclear how the altered protein disrupts nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
• Researchers believe that a fragment of the androgen receptor protein containing the CAG segment accumulates within these cells and interferes with normal cell functions. (medlineplus.gov)
• We propose to expand upon these cell culture studies by measuring and comparing the rates of lycopene uptake by the androgen-sensitive cell lines LNCaP, PZ-HPV-7, and BPH-1 (which represent human prostate cancer, BPH, and normal epithelial cells, respectively), and the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines DU145, PC-3, C4-2B, and CWR22Rv1. (nih.gov)
• These pilot studies suggest that the ready availability of oestrogenic binding sites in H295R cells can be exploited for site-directed chemotherapy. (bioscientifica.com)

Growth5

• 9. Tumor suppressor PAX6 functions as androgen receptor co-repressor to inhibit prostate cancer growth. (nih.gov)
• Focus will also be on growth factor action in prostate, including growth factors, binding proteins, receptors and signal transduction pathways. (nih.gov)
• But despite Gleevec's generally powerful effects, some CML patients relapse when new mutations make the BCR-ABL protein resistant to Gleevec, allowing the abnormal enzyme to drive white blood cell growth again despite treatment. (nih.gov)
• Androgens and androgen receptors also have other important functions in both males and females, such as regulating hair growth and sex drive. (medlineplus.gov)
• Moves androgen receptors make to support cancer growth make it "unbeatable at this point," for some patients. (technologynetworks.com)

Activity2

• Androgen receptors have co-factors that can activate or repress their activity. (technologynetworks.com)
• Forced expression of FOXO1 blocked the effect of SRC-1 on AR variants' transcriptional activity by decreasing the binding of SRC-1 to the AR NTD. (umn.edu)

Membrane2

• In the present study, we have determined whether some of these effects are exerted via membrane-binding sites. (bioscientifica.com)
• Finally, using T-BSA linked to the fluorescent dye Cy3.5, we directly demonstrated the presence of membrane-binding sites for androgen in VSMC. (bioscientifica.com)

Activation1

• In vitro protein binding assays showed that FOXO1 binds to the transcription activation unit 5 (TAU5) motif in the AR NH2-terminal domain (NTD), a region required for recruitment of p160 activators including SRC-1. (umn.edu)

Free2

• Within the circulation, THs are mainly bound to proteins (3) and appear only in minor free fractions (FT3, FT4), which are considered as the biologically active pool. (deepdyve.com)
• Free Testosterone along with some temporarily bound testosterone is also called bioavailable testosterone, and a lack of sufficient available androgen in the blood is the main factor in male menopause. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Expression2

• A protein that helps regulate expression of androgen receptors could prove a new focal point for staging and treating testosterone-fueled prostate cancer, Medical College of Georgia researchers say. (technologynetworks.com)
• The chimera expression is induced by androgen treatment likely by overcoming the read-through block imposed by the intergenic CCCTC insulators bound by CCCTC-binding factor repressor protein. (nih.gov)

Transport1

• They participate in the transport of androgens. (nih.gov)

Blood1

• These proteins bind with testosterone in the blood reducing its bio-availability. (testosteronetherapy.net)

Helps2

• Testosterone helps men build protein, properly distribute fat, and is essential for a man's sex drive and ability to get and maintain an erection. (testosteronetherapy.net)
• It also helps to reduce muscle wasting activities and prevent protein breakdown from occuring. (powerandbulk.com)

Increase1

• An increase in the number of androgen receptors is believed responsible for prostate cancer progression in men with advanced disease," says the study's corresponding author, Dr. Yehia Daaka, Distinguished Chair in Oncologic Pathology in the MCG School of Medicine. (technologynetworks.com)

Cancer4

• With increased numbers of androgen receptors, prostate cancer can make use of the limited testosterone available after a diseased prostate gland is removed or after testosterone production is blocked by drug therapy. (technologynetworks.com)
• Still, prostate cancer has been difficult to cure because it frequently becomes resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. (nih.gov)
• In prostate cancer, we know the androgen receptor is the main driver, but even though we know that, we still can't cure it. (nih.gov)
• If he can figure out how prostate cancers switch this enhancer on, he theorizes, perhaps he could make treatment-resistant prostate cancer responsive to androgen deprivation therapy once again by turning the enhancer off. (nih.gov)