Androgen-Binding Protein
Testis
Androgens
Receptors, Androgen
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome
Testosterone Congeners
Dihydrotestosterone
Testosterone
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
Prostate
Sertoli Cells
Effects of spinal cord injury on spermatogenesis and the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for Sertoli cell proteins in rat Sertoli cell-enriched testes. (1/242)
The study was an examination of the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell functions in adult rats with Sertoli cell-enriched (SCE) testes. The effects of SCI on the seminiferous epithelium were characterized by abnormalities in the remaining spermatogenic cells during the first month after SCI. Three days after SCI, serum testosterone levels were 80% lower, while serum FSH and LH levels were 25% and 50% higher, respectively, than those of sham control SCE rats. At this time, the levels of mRNA for androgen receptor (AR), FSH receptor (FSH-R), and androgen-binding protein (ABP) were normal whereas those for transferrin (Trf) had decreased by 40%. Thereafter, serum testosterone levels increased, but they remained lower than those of the sham control rats 28 days after SCI; and serum FSH and LH levels returned to normal. The levels of mRNA for AR, ABP, and Trf exhibited a biphasic increase 7 days after SCI and remained elevated 28 days after SCI. FSH-R mRNA levels were also elevated 90 days after SCI. Unexpectedly, active spermatogenesis, including qualitatively complete spermatogenesis, persisted in > 40% of the tubules 90 days after SCI. These results suggest that the stem cells and/or undifferentiated spermatogonia in SCE testes are less susceptible to the deleterious effects of SCI than the normal testes and that they were able to proliferate and differentiate after SCI. The presence of elevated levels of mRNA for Sertoli cell FSH-R and AR, as well as of that for the Sertoli cell proteins, in the SCE testes during the chronic stage of SCI suggests a modification of Sertoli cell physiology. Such changes in Sertoli cell functions may provide a beneficial environment for the proliferation of the stem cells and differentiation of postmeiotic cells, thus resulting in the persistence of spermatogenesis in these testes. (+info)Toll receptor-mediated Drosophila immune response requires Dif, an NF-kappaB factor. (2/242)
The induction of immunity genes in Drosophila has been proposed to be dependent on Dorsal, Dif, and Relish, the NF-kappaB-related factors. Here we provide genetic evidence that Dif is required for the induction of only a subset of antimicrobial peptide genes. The results show that the presence of Dif without Dorsal is sufficient to mediate the induction of drosomycin and defensin. We also demonstrate that Dif is a downstream component of the Toll signaling pathway in activating the drosomycin expression. These results reveal that individual members of the NF-kappaB family in Drosophila have distinct roles in immunity and development. (+info)Characterization of lipid efflux particles generated by seminal phospholipid-binding proteins. (3/242)
We reported recently that the choline phospholipid-binding proteins (BSP-A1/-A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa) of bovine seminal plasma (BSP) stimulate cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux from fibroblasts. In this study, we characterized the lipid efflux particles generated by BSP proteins. The density gradient ultracentrifugation of the efflux medium from radiolabeled fibroblasts incubated with BSP proteins showed a single peak of [3H]cholesterol between density (d) 1.12 and 1.14 g/ml, which is in the range of high-density lipoproteins. Size-exclusion chromatographic and immunoblot analysis revealed that the efflux particles have a large size equal to or bigger than very low-density lipoproteins and contained BSP proteins. Lipid analysis of density gradient and gel filtration fractions from efflux medium of simultaneously labeled fibroblasts ([3H]cholesterol and [3H]choline) incubated with BSP proteins showed that the efflux particles were homogeneous and composed of cholesterol and choline phospholipids. The lipid particles contained BSP proteins, cholesterol and choline phospholipids in molar ratio of 0.05:1.21:1, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the BSP-generated lipid particles had a gamma migration pattern which is slower than low-density lipoproteins. The sonication of cholesterol and BSP proteins followed by gel filtration chromatographic analysis indicated no direct binding of cholesterol to BSP proteins. These results taken together indicate that BSP proteins induce a concomitant cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux and generate large protein-lipid particles. (+info)Selective activation of the probasin androgen-responsive region by steroid hormones. (4/242)
Glucocorticoid and androgen receptors have been shown to function through the same palindromic glucocorticoid response element (GRE) and yet have differential effects on gene transcription. In this study, we examined the functional and structural relationship of the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors with the androgen responsive region (ARR) of the probasin (PB) gene containing two androgen receptor binding sites, ARBS-1 and ARBS-2. Transfection studies indicated that one copy of each cis-acting DNA element was essential for maximal androgen-induced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity and that androgen selectivity was maintained when multiple copies of the minimal wild type (wt) androgen responsive region containing both ARBS-1 and ARBS-2 (-244 to -96) were subcloned in front of the thymidine kinase promoter. Furthermore, replacing the androgen response region with 1, 2 or 3 copies of either ARBS-1 or ARBS-2 restored less than 4% of the biological activity seen with the wt PB ARR. Multiple copies of either ARBS-1 or ARBS-2 did not result in glucocorticoid-induced CAT gene activity. By comparison, 1 or 2 copies of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) GRE, as well as the mouse mammary tumour virus GRE, were strong inducers of CAT activity in response to both androgen and glucocorticoid treatment. In addition, band shift assays demonstrated that although the synthetic glucocorticoid receptor, GR-DNA binding domain (GR-DBD), and the synthetic androgen receptor, AR2, could interact with the TAT GRE (dissociation constants Kd of 63.9 and 14.1 respectively), only AR2 but not GR-DBD binding could be detected on ARBS-1 and ARBS-2. Our findings provide further evidence that androgen-induced regulation of gene transcription can occur through androgen-specific DNA binding sites that are distinct from the common GRE. (+info)The addition of adenovirus type 5 region E3 enables calydon virus 787 to eliminate distant prostate tumor xenografts. (5/242)
CV787, a novel highly prostate-specific replication-competent adenovirus with improved efficacy, was constructed. CV787 contains the prostate-specific rat probasin promoter, driving the adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E1A gene, and the human prostate-specific enhancer/promoter, driving the E1B gene. To improve efficacy, we constructed CV787 such that it also contains the entire Ad5 E3 region. CV787 replicates in prostate-specific antigen (PSA)+ cells as well as wild-type adenovirus, but in PSA- cells, CV787 replicates 10(4)-10(5) times less efficiently. CV787 destroys PSA+ prostate cancer cells 10,000 times more efficiently than PSA- cells. Incorporation of the Ad5 E3 region significantly improves the target cell killing ability or efficacy of CV787. In nu/nu mice carrying s.c. LNCaP xenografts, a single i.v. tail vein injection of CV787 eliminates 300-mm3 tumors within 4 weeks. CV787 could be a powerful therapeutic for human metastatic prostate cancer. (+info)Reduced nucleotide variability at an androgen-binding protein locus (Abpa) in house mice: evidence for positive natural selection. (6/242)
Previous work has shown that the gene for the alpha subunit of androgen-binding protein, Abpa, may be involved in premating isolation between different subspecies of the house mouse, Mus musculus. We investigated patterns of DNA sequence variation at Abpa within and between species of mice to test several predictions of a model of neutral molecular evolution. Intraspecific variation among 10 Mus musculus domesticus alleles was compared with divergence between M. m. domesticus and M. caroli for Abpa and two X-linked genes, Glra2 and Amg. No variation was observed at Abpa within M. m. domesticus. The ratio of polymorphism to divergence was significantly lower at Abpa than at Glra2 and Amg, despite the fact that all three genes experience similar rates of recombination. Interspecific comparisons among M. m. domesticus, Mus musculus musculus, Mus musculus castaneus, Mus spretus, Mus spicilegus, and Mus caroli revealed that the ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions to synonymous substitutions on a per-site basis (Ka/Ks) was generally greater than one. The combined observations of no variation at Abpa within M. m: domesticus and uniformly high Ka/Ks values between species suggest that positive directional selection has acted recently at this locus. (+info)Heterotopic endochondrial ossification with mixed tumor formation in C3(1)/Tag transgenic mice is associated with elevated TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 expression. (7/242)
Transgenic mice which express the simian virus 40 large T-antigen (Tag) under the regulatory control of the hormone responsive rat C3(1) gene develop unusual lesions of heterotopic bone growth associated with mixed tumor formation arising from eccrine sweat glands found only in the foot pads of mice, ischiocavernosus muscle adjacent to bulbourethral glands and occasionally the salivary and mammary glands. These lesions are very similar to mixed tumors arising in several types of human cancers. Based upon electron microscopic examination and immunocytochemical analyses of cellular differentiation markers, the mixed proliferative lesions in this transgenic mouse model begin with the Tag-induced proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The proliferation of these two types of cells results in hyperplasia and adenomatous transformation of the epithelial component, whereas the proliferating myoepithelial cells undergo metaplasia to form chondrocytes which deposit extracellular matrix, including collagen fibers. Cartilage develops focally between areas of epithelial proliferation and subsequently ossifies through a process of endochondrial bone formation. The metaplasia of myoepithelial cells to chondrocytes appears to require the inductive interaction of factors produced by the closely associated proliferating epithelial cells, including members of the TGF-beta superfamily. We demonstrate that TGF-beta1 protein accumulates in the extracellular matrix of the lesions, whereas RNA in situ hybridization reveals that BMP-2, another strong inducer of heterotopic bone formation, is overexpressed by the proliferating epithelial cells during the development of ectopic bone. The formation of sarcomatous tumors within the mixed tumors appears to be androgen-dependent and more frequent in mice lacking a normal allele of p53. This process of cartilage and bone induction may mimic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions which occur during embryonic bone formation. These transgenic mice may provide new insights into the processes of ectopic endochondrial bone formation associated with mixed tumor formation and serve as a useful model for human heterotopic bone disease. (+info)Mice without phosphatidylcholine transfer protein have no defects in the secretion of phosphatidylcholine into bile or into lung airspaces. (8/242)
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (Pc-tp) is a highly specific carrier of phosphatidylcholine (PC) without known function. Proposed functions include the supply of PC required for secretion into bile or lung air space (surfactant) and the facilitation of enzymatic reactions involving PC synthesis or breakdown. To test these functions, we generated knock-out mice unable to make Pc-tp. Remarkably, these mice are normal and have no defect in any of the postulated Pc-tp functions analyzed. The lipid content and composition of the bile, as well as lung surfactant secretion and composition, of Pc-tp (-/-) mice, is normal. The lack of a Pc-tp contribution to biliary lipid secretion is in agreement with our finding that Pc-tp is down-regulated in adult mouse liver: whereas Pc-tp is abundant in the liver of mouse pups, Pc-tp levels decrease > 10-fold around 2 wk after birth, when bile formation starts. In adult mice, Pc-tp levels are high only in epididymis, testis, kidney, and bone marrow-derived mast cells. Absence of Pc-tp in bone marrow-derived mast cells does not affect their lipid composition or PC synthesis and degradation. We discuss how PC might reach the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte for secretion into the bile, if not by Pc-tp. (+info)People with AIS typically have female physical characteristics, such as a lack of facial and body hair, a narrow pelvis, and underdeveloped genitalia. They may also experience infertility and heightened risk of certain medical conditions, such as gonadal dysgenesis and cardiovascular disease.
AIS is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, hormone level testing, and genetic analysis. Treatment options for the condition include hormone replacement therapy to promote masculinization and address any associated medical issues, as well as psychological support and counseling to address any gender identity or expression concerns.
It is important to note that AIS is a rare condition, and its prevalence is estimated to be around 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 20,000 male births. However, the condition is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, and some individuals may not receive an accurate diagnosis until later in life.
Overall, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is a complex and rare genetic disorder that can have significant implications for the physical and psychological well-being of affected individuals. It is important to provide appropriate medical care and support to those with AIS to help them live healthy and fulfilling lives.
Sex hormone-binding globulin
RELA
Androgen receptor
ALDH1A1
Robert Vigersky
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
PA2G4
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
TMF1
Seminiferous tubule
PRPF6
Androgen deprivation-induced senescence
Herbert Kuhl
SYTL1
Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1
Sertoli cell
SPINLW1
DEFB118
TMEPAI
Forkhead box protein O1
Fel d 1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4
Spermatogenesis
Follicle-stimulating hormone
CREB1
Anordrin
Secretoglobin
Hormonal contraception
PRSS8
SNAI2
PANO1
7α-Thioprogesterone
PSMD7
HCONDELs
Progestogen ester
Allylestrenol
Androgen
Glucocorticoid receptor
PSMB3
Steroidal aromatase inhibitor
Prostate cancer
Index of biochemistry articles
Nuclear receptor
Alkaline phosphatase
NetPath
Tasquinimod
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2
Estetrol
Mediator (coactivator)
Chromosome 6
Estrogen receptor beta
Lipid signaling
Sipuleucel-T
Cholestasis
Breast cancer classification
Metformin
60S ribosomal protein L24
TMEFF2
GTF2F1
Comparative evolutionary genomics of androgen-binding protein genes - PubMed
Publication Detail
TST H
Biomarkers Search
Lineage-Specific Biology Revealed by a Finished Genome Assembly of the Mouse - PMC
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Lonidamine (CAS 50264-69-2): R&D Systems
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Abnormalities: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Biomarkers Search
Frontiers | Dynamic expression of long noncoding RNAs and repeat elements in synaptic plasticity
MeSH Browser
Abstract for RACB94009
NIH Guide: ROLE OF HORMONES AND GROWTH FACTORS IN PROSTATE CANCER
Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Lipid-Rich Fingerprint of Free Thyroxine Far Beyond Classic Parameters, Journal of...
Комментарии | Загадки, головоломки и парадоксы
DeCS
MeSH Browser
Azoospermia/enzimologia
Peptides For Muscle Growth : The Tribune India
Media Advisory: Genetic analysis suggests distinct subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver...
تأثیر پودر گیاه خارخاسک بر غلظت هورمونهای تیروئیدی و IGF-I سرم خون در برههای نر عربی
Circadian Proteomics
Reproduction Volume 52 Issue 1 (1978)
AR gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
Sirin Adham - Research output - Sultan Qaboos University House of Expertise
estrogen Archives - Mast Attack
The #1 Testosterone Booster - TestRX - Home Page
TestRX: Your Go-to Testosterone Supplement for Muscle Building - FSCIP
Truncated androgen receptors1
- 13. Determinants of Gli2 co-activation of wildtype and naturally truncated androgen receptors. (nih.gov)
Receptors in the muscles2
- RAD 140: RAD 140 works by binding to androgen receptors in the muscles and bones, which helps to stimulate muscle growth and prevent muscle wasting. (tribuneindia.com)
- There are special Andarine binding receptors in the muscles, called androgen receptors, which are basically proteins. (spectrelabs.org)
Selective8
- Short for selective androgen receptor modulators, SARMs are a class of medications that can be taken orally or injected and offer similar results to steroids without harsh side effects. (tribuneindia.com)
- They are selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), which means they only bind to androgen receptors in muscle and bone tissue, resulting in increased muscle mass and strength with minimal impact on other tissues such as the prostate or liver. (tribuneindia.com)
- Since SARMs are selective, they will only zero in on androgen receptors to bring results. (1-stoptransportation.com)
- This selective androgen receptor modulator (sarm) is showing promising results in clinical studies for helping people achieve their fitness. (1-stoptransportation.com)
- Sarm is an acronym for selective androgen receptor modulators, a man-made drug that was discovered in the early 1990s. (1-stoptransportation.com)
- Ligandrol is a type of chemical known as a selective androgen receptor modulator (sarm). (godshandsandfeet.net)
- Lgd-4033 or ligandrol is a selective androgen receptor modulator or sarm. (honeydoohome.com)
- SARMs are selective androgen receptor modulators: Agents that bind in the body to proteins known as androgen receptors. (fatburners.at)
Globulin5
- Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG], and albumin). (cdc.gov)
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the blood transport protein for androgens and estrogens. (cdc.gov)
- Androgen-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN . (nih.gov)
- The reproductive subtype, about 23%, had higher levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), a pituitary hormone that regulates the ovaries, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a protein that transports estrogen and androgens. (nih.gov)
- With age as Testosterone declines, the androgen-binding protein, Sex Binding Hormone Globulin (SHBG) levels increase. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Synthesis8
- Each of these ingredients is critical for protein synthesis, which leads to muscle growth. (testrx.com)
- Because testosterone enhances your protein synthesis which provides the needed level of proteins for healthy muscle growth. (fscip.org)
- Further, the inhibitory effect of either the free or protein-bound androgens on DNA synthesis was blocked by UO126, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase activity. (bioscientifica.com)
- Hence, the inhibitory effects of testosterone on DNA synthesis in VSMC are apparently exerted by membrane-binding sites for androgen, do not require intracellular entry of the hormone and its binding to the classical nuclear receptors and are linked to MAPK activation. (bioscientifica.com)
- By binding to androgen receptors it activates protein synthesis resulting in greater muscle mass, stronger denser bones. (seelki.com)
- A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (lookformedical.com)
- This formula is designed to help you build hard, dry muscles by increasing protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown. (powerandbulk.com)
- It contains three ingredients that are known to promote and enhance protein synthesis, including Rhaponticum Cathamoides 100:1 Extract (Root), Ajuga Turkestanica Extract (whole plant), and Myostatin and Anabolic Proprietary Blend 250mg. (powerandbulk.com)
Active androgen1
- With less active androgen circulating in the bloodstream, men begin to experience the signs and symptoms of Andropause. (testosteronetherapy.net)
SARMs1
- Unlike steroids, which bind to all androgen receptors, SARMs selectively target only certain receptors. (tribuneindia.com)
Hormone7
- This data will allow for population estimates of the selected steroid hormones and related binding protein that can be used to assist in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases such as, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), androgen deficiency, cancer, and hormone imbalances in children. (cdc.gov)
- 8. The corepressors silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor and nuclear receptor corepressor are involved in agonist- and antagonist-regulated transcription by androgen receptor. (nih.gov)
- At necropsy blood was collected and samples sent to Dr. Sokol for lead, DNA, Androgen Binding Protein (ABP), and hormone analyses. (nih.gov)
- The focus will be on fundamental studies of hormone and growth factor action including the mechanisms of action of nuclear hormones, the role(s) of nuclear accessory proteins and the signal transduction pathways important for nuclear hormone action in prostate. (nih.gov)
- It is clear that signaling by the androgen receptor is paramount for not only the initiation but also the progression of the disease, including escape to a hormone-refractory disease," he says. (technologynetworks.com)
- Testosterone is an androgen male sex hormone, and Andropause is the male menopause giving the health condition the name Andropause . (testosteronetherapy.net)
- SHGB is an inhibitor for biologically active testosterone as it binds to it preventing it from reaching hormone receptors. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Inhibits4
- 12. HOXC8 inhibits androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells by inhibiting SRC-3 recruitment to direct androgen target genes. (nih.gov)
- Our preliminary cell culture studies using human prostate cancer cells show that lycopene is absorbed selectively by and inhibits the proliferation of the androgen sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP but not the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3. (nih.gov)
- FOXO1, a key downstream effector of PTEN, inhibits androgen-independent activation of the AR. (umn.edu)
- Conclusions: FOXO1 binds to the TAU5 motif in the AR NTD and inhibits ligand-independent activation of AR splice variants, suggesting the PTEN/FOXO1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of aberrant AR activation and castration-resistant PCa growth. (umn.edu)
Receptor activity1
- 15. Hypoxia increases androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Carrier proteins1
- Carrier proteins produced in the Sertoli cells of the testis, secreted into the seminiferous tubules, and transported via the efferent ducts to the epididymis. (nih.gov)
Estrogens1
- You also get two aromatase enzymes which break down androgens to estrogens, steroid tablets and coronavirus. (rodnik39.ru)
Androgenic2
- Measurement of SHBG can be an important indicator of an excessive/chronic androgenic action where androgen levels are normal, but where clinical symptoms would seem to indicate androgen in excess. (cdc.gov)
- The best Sarm for cutting for women, Andarine is a better choice of Sarm because of its least binding capacity to the androgenic receptors. (1-stoptransportation.com)
Mitogen-Activa1
- In both cell types, DHT as well as T-BSA increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase activity as measured by total phosphorylated MAPK. (bioscientifica.com)
Hormones4
- PCOS is characterized by irregular or missing menstrual periods (due to lack of or infrequent ovulation), high levels of androgens (male hormones) and small cysts on the ovaries. (nih.gov)
- Researchers categorized them according to their body mass index (BMI) and levels of glucose, insulin and reproductive hormones, including androgens. (nih.gov)
- This receptor attaches (binds) to a class of hormones called androgens, which are involved in male sexual development. (medlineplus.gov)
- T-BSA conjugate labeled with Europium showed binding to whole VSMC, which could be displaced by excess T-BSA, but not by estradiol-BSA or the free hormones. (bioscientifica.com)
SHBG7
- SHBG has a high binding affinity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), medium affinity to testosterone and estradiol, and only a low affinity to estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstendione, and estriol. (cdc.gov)
- Albumin, which exists in far higher concentrations than SHBG, also binds sexual steroids - although with a clearly lower binding affinity (e.g. about 100 times lower for testosterone). (cdc.gov)
- In the serum SHBG mainly takes over the transportation of steroids and the reduction/regulation of the effect of androgen. (cdc.gov)
- 2002). Decreased SHBG serum levels are associated with conditions where elevated androgen levels are present or where the effect of androgen on its target organs is excessive. (cdc.gov)
- SHBG is a useful supplementary parameter in the determination of androgen where a relatively high concentration of free androgen (e.g. testosterone) is suspected (Pugeat, et al. (cdc.gov)
- Decreased SHBG concentrations are often seen with hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), obesity, hirsutism, elevated androgen levels, alopecia, acromegaly and some polymorphisms on the SHBG gene. (cdc.gov)
- Total T includes those Testosterone levels binding to the SHBG and not readily available, while the Free Testosterone levels are those that are not bound and biologically "Free" for use in the body. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Deficiency5
- Androgen deficiency such as hypogonadism is associated with a range of chronic diseases. (cdc.gov)
- The prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men between 30 and 79 years of age is estimated to be 5.6% (Araujo et al, 2007). (cdc.gov)
- Androgen deficiency in men and excess in women and the associated chronic diseases are a public health concern. (cdc.gov)
- If you are experiencing one or more of these androgen deficiency symptoms Contact a Low T Center to schedule a Medical Testosterone Consultation. (testosteronetherapy.net)
- Andropause and Androgen Deficiency. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Proteomics3
- In a very recent study (5), we were able to show that a hypothesis-free profiling of the small molecule and protein content of plasma samples (so-called metabolomics and proteomics) in a clearly defined human model of thyrotoxicosis allowed for the derivation of a TSH- and FT4-independent diagnostic signature. (deepdyve.com)
- In order to clarify the mechanism of action of lycopene as an antiproliferative agent, we will measure the sub-cellular distribution of lycopene and then investigate changes in protein expression both globally and on the sub-cellular level using the ICAT quantitative proteomics methodology. (nih.gov)
- In addition, a lycopene affinity column will be prepared and used to screen lycopene sensitive cells for a lycopene receptor or binding protein which will be identified using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. (nih.gov)
Muscles2
- As Andarine reaches the muscle fiber, it binds to the receptor and generates a signal transduction pathway, which triggers the growth of muscles and bones. (spectrelabs.org)
- Myo-Stack works by helping your muscles to grab more amino acids from your bloodstream, which are then used to create muscle protein at a faster rate. (powerandbulk.com)
Steroids2
- Endogenous androgens are C-19 steroids with a side chain at C-17, and with two angular methyl groups. (nih.gov)
- In fact, the increased number of androgen receptors may mutate so they can start feeding off other steroids or even growth factors, Dr. Daaka says. (technologynetworks.com)
Transactivation1
- 6. Increased PrLZ-mediated androgen receptor transactivation promotes prostate cancer growth at castration-resistant stage. (nih.gov)
Transcriptional activation1
- The encoded protein also can bind androgen receptor, providing a link between transcriptional activation and splicing. (nih.gov)
Genes2
- The temporal analysis revealed dynamic expression profiles of lncRNAs with many positively, and highly, correlated to protein-coding genes with known roles in synaptic plasticity, suggesting their possible involvement in LTP. (frontiersin.org)
- In CML, the target is the abnormal protein made by fused genes, BCR-ABL, in cancerous blood cells, where in its activated or "on" state the mutant enzyme pushes white blood cells into overdive, causing disease. (nih.gov)
Concentrations1
- and rat androgen binding protein concentrations in the rat and rhesus monkey. (rndsystems.com)
Castration-resistant1
- Background: Aberrant activation of the androgen receptor (AR) is a major factor highly relevant to castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer (PCa). (umn.edu)
Gene6
- 11. Transcriptional regulation of the androgen signaling pathway by the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1. (nih.gov)
- This gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor . (medlineplus.gov)
- Epigenetic changes influence gene expression, the process that transforms DNA's genetic instructions into the proteins cells use to carry out their functions. (nih.gov)
- Just like turning up or down, or even muting, the volume on your television doesn't change the characters' dialogue, epigenetic changes can alter how much protein a gene produces without changing the genetic instructions themselves. (nih.gov)
- Scientists have known for some time that treatment-resistant prostate cancer cells have more copies of the androgen receptor gene than treatment-sensitive cells. (nih.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene appears to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing, possibly acting as a bridging factor between U5 and U4/U6 snRNPs in formation of the spliceosome. (nih.gov)
Regulation1
- 4. Regulation of androgen receptor-mediated transcription by RPB5 binding protein URI/RMP. (nih.gov)
Sertoli1
- In males, FSH stimulates Sertoli cells of the testicles to produce an androgen-binding protein (ABP), which stimulates spermatogenesis. (pediaa.com)
Nuclear1
- 14. Identification of a negative regulatory cis-element in the enhancer core region of the prostate-specific antigen promoter: implications for intersection of androgen receptor and nuclear factor-kappaB signalling in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Prostate cancer cells5
- 17. 6-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-yl)-N-(6-methoxypyridine-2-yl) nicotinamide-26 (DIMN-26) decreases cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis and downregulation of androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
- 18. The tumor suppressor ING1b is a novel corepressor for the androgen receptor and induces cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
- Levels of the protein, ßarrestin2, are lower in some prostate cancer cells than in normal prostate cells while expression of testosterone-fed androgen receptors is higher, they report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Online Early Edition this week. (technologynetworks.com)
- Prostate cancer cells are highly dependent on the androgen receptor, the cellular protein that testosterone must bind to in order to exert its effects. (nih.gov)
- However, while working at Dana Farber, Dr. Takeda led a study showing that prostate cancer cells can also turn on a regulatory region in their DNA, called an enhancer, that revs up production of the androgen receptor. (nih.gov)
Symptoms2
- Researchers believe that the milder signs and symptoms in females may be related to lower androgen levels. (medlineplus.gov)
- It is in middle age, usually in the 40's and 50's that men's bodies start to really notice the symptoms of Andropause and the decline in androgen. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Regulator1
- 5. Androgen receptor as a regulator of ZEB2 expression and its implications in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
Enzymes1
- The alpha subunit of both FSH and LH are identical while the beta subunit endows the ability to bind to a specific receptor, discriminating between the two enzymes. (pediaa.com)
Bone1
- Lgd-4033 works by binding to androgen receptors in the body in both the bone and muscle tissues. (honeydoohome.com)
Analyses1
- In vitro protein binding assays and western blot analyses were used to determine the regions in FOXO1 and AR responsible for their interaction. (umn.edu)
Levels1
- However increased levels of ßarrestin2 appear to halt the potentially deadly increase in androgen receptor expression, the MCG research team has found. (technologynetworks.com)
Body1
- Without testosterone, prostate tumors shrink, which is why prostate cancer that has spread throughout the body is typically treated with androgen deprivation therapy, which cuts off the cancer's supply of testosterone. (nih.gov)
Target1
- interesting new way, by freezing the target protein in an inactive conformation, so that its enzyme cannot work. (nih.gov)
Cells6
- 2. LINE-1 ORF-1p functions as a novel androgen receptor co-activator and promotes the growth of human prostatic carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
- 10. Capillarisin blocks prostate-specific antigen expression on activation of androgen receptor in prostate carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
- Although the extended CAG region changes the structure of the androgen receptor, it is unclear how the altered protein disrupts nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
- Researchers believe that a fragment of the androgen receptor protein containing the CAG segment accumulates within these cells and interferes with normal cell functions. (medlineplus.gov)
- We propose to expand upon these cell culture studies by measuring and comparing the rates of lycopene uptake by the androgen-sensitive cell lines LNCaP, PZ-HPV-7, and BPH-1 (which represent human prostate cancer, BPH, and normal epithelial cells, respectively), and the androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell lines DU145, PC-3, C4-2B, and CWR22Rv1. (nih.gov)
- These pilot studies suggest that the ready availability of oestrogenic binding sites in H295R cells can be exploited for site-directed chemotherapy. (bioscientifica.com)
Growth5
- 9. Tumor suppressor PAX6 functions as androgen receptor co-repressor to inhibit prostate cancer growth. (nih.gov)
- Focus will also be on growth factor action in prostate, including growth factors, binding proteins, receptors and signal transduction pathways. (nih.gov)
- But despite Gleevec's generally powerful effects, some CML patients relapse when new mutations make the BCR-ABL protein resistant to Gleevec, allowing the abnormal enzyme to drive white blood cell growth again despite treatment. (nih.gov)
- Androgens and androgen receptors also have other important functions in both males and females, such as regulating hair growth and sex drive. (medlineplus.gov)
- Moves androgen receptors make to support cancer growth make it "unbeatable at this point," for some patients. (technologynetworks.com)
Activity2
- Androgen receptors have co-factors that can activate or repress their activity. (technologynetworks.com)
- Forced expression of FOXO1 blocked the effect of SRC-1 on AR variants' transcriptional activity by decreasing the binding of SRC-1 to the AR NTD. (umn.edu)
Membrane2
- In the present study, we have determined whether some of these effects are exerted via membrane-binding sites. (bioscientifica.com)
- Finally, using T-BSA linked to the fluorescent dye Cy3.5, we directly demonstrated the presence of membrane-binding sites for androgen in VSMC. (bioscientifica.com)
Activation1
- In vitro protein binding assays showed that FOXO1 binds to the transcription activation unit 5 (TAU5) motif in the AR NH2-terminal domain (NTD), a region required for recruitment of p160 activators including SRC-1. (umn.edu)
Free2
- Within the circulation, THs are mainly bound to proteins (3) and appear only in minor free fractions (FT3, FT4), which are considered as the biologically active pool. (deepdyve.com)
- Free Testosterone along with some temporarily bound testosterone is also called bioavailable testosterone, and a lack of sufficient available androgen in the blood is the main factor in male menopause. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Expression2
- A protein that helps regulate expression of androgen receptors could prove a new focal point for staging and treating testosterone-fueled prostate cancer, Medical College of Georgia researchers say. (technologynetworks.com)
- The chimera expression is induced by androgen treatment likely by overcoming the read-through block imposed by the intergenic CCCTC insulators bound by CCCTC-binding factor repressor protein. (nih.gov)
Transport1
- They participate in the transport of androgens. (nih.gov)
Blood1
- These proteins bind with testosterone in the blood reducing its bio-availability. (testosteronetherapy.net)
Helps2
- Testosterone helps men build protein, properly distribute fat, and is essential for a man's sex drive and ability to get and maintain an erection. (testosteronetherapy.net)
- It also helps to reduce muscle wasting activities and prevent protein breakdown from occuring. (powerandbulk.com)
Increase1
- An increase in the number of androgen receptors is believed responsible for prostate cancer progression in men with advanced disease," says the study's corresponding author, Dr. Yehia Daaka, Distinguished Chair in Oncologic Pathology in the MCG School of Medicine. (technologynetworks.com)
Cancer4
- With increased numbers of androgen receptors, prostate cancer can make use of the limited testosterone available after a diseased prostate gland is removed or after testosterone production is blocked by drug therapy. (technologynetworks.com)
- Still, prostate cancer has been difficult to cure because it frequently becomes resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. (nih.gov)
- In prostate cancer, we know the androgen receptor is the main driver, but even though we know that, we still can't cure it. (nih.gov)
- If he can figure out how prostate cancers switch this enhancer on, he theorizes, perhaps he could make treatment-resistant prostate cancer responsive to androgen deprivation therapy once again by turning the enhancer off. (nih.gov)