A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.
The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)
International collective of humanitarian organizations led by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter and the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross Movement, to provide relief to victims of disaster and help people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies.
The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.
Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)
The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.
Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.
A dead body, usually a human body.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Prepaid health and hospital insurance plan.
Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.
Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.
The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.
The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
The study of the anatomical structures of animals.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.
Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The simultaneous or sequential binding of multiple cell surface receptors to different ligands resulting in coordinated stimulation or suppression of signal transduction.
Collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions.
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.
A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.
The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.
General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.
The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.
The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.
Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.
Veins draining the cerebrum.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.
Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.
The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.
Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.
Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.
Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.
Digital image data sets, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
A specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when CATALOGING; ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING; or searching BOOKS; JOURNALS AS TOPIC; and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings (SUBJECT HEADINGS). The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)
Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.
Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.
Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.
Protection conferred on a host by inoculation with one strain or component of a microorganism that prevents infection when later challenged with a similar strain. Most commonly the microorganism is a virus.
The educational process of instructing.
The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.
The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.
The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.
Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.
Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.
Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.
Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.
Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.
Use for general articles concerning medical education.
A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.
The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.
The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.
Methods of creating machines and devices.
An infant during the first month after birth.
This structure includes the thin muscular atrial septum between the two HEART ATRIA, and the thick muscular ventricular septum between the two HEART VENTRICLES.
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.
Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.
A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.
The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.
Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.
Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.
Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The rear surface of an upright primate from the shoulders to the hip, or the dorsal surface of tetrapods.
The circulation in a portion of the body of one individual of blood supplied from another individual.
The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.
The adaptive superiority of the heterozygous GENOTYPE with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding HOMOZYGOTE.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes beets and chard (BETA VULGARIS), as well as SPINACH, and salt tolerant plants.
A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.
A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)
Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.
Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.
A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.
Veins which drain the liver.
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)
Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.
Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.
The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.
The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)
A course of study offered by an educational institution.
The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.
A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins.
Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.
The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.
The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.
The veins and arteries of the HEART.
The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.
Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.
The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).
The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.
The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.
Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.
Catheters inserted into various locations within the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.
The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.
The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
The first cervical vertebra.
Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).
A thin leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered with LARYNGEAL MUCOSA and situated posterior to the root of the tongue and HYOID BONE. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back over the larynx inlet thus prevents foods from entering the airway.
The sedge plant family of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.
The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.
Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.
The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.
Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.
Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.
The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.
The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of homologous tissues across various species.
The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.
A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Peculiarities associated with the internal structure, form, topology, or architecture of organisms that distinguishes them from others of the same species or group.
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.
Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.
The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

Plaque area increase and vascular remodeling contribute to lumen area change after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: an intravascular ultrasound study. (1/356)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the change in lumen area (LA), plaque area (PLA), and vessel area (VA) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the femoropopliteal artery. METHODS: This was a prospective study. Twenty patients were studied with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) immediately after PTA and at follow-up examination. Multiple corresponding IVUS cross-sections were analyzed at the segments that were dilated by PTA (ie, treated sites; n = 168), including the most stenotic site (n = 20) and the nondilated segments (ie, reference sites; n = 77). RESULTS: At follow-up examination, both the PLA increase (13%) and the VA decrease (9%) resulted in a significant LA decrease (43%) at the most stenotic sites (P =.001). At the treated sites, the LA decrease (15%) was smaller and was caused by the PLA increase (15%). At the reference sites, the PLA increase (15%) and the VA increase (6%) resulted in a slight LA decrease (3%). An analysis of the IVUS cross-sections that were grouped according to LA change (difference >/=10%) revealed a similar PLA increase in all the groups: the type of vascular remodeling (VA decrease, no change, or increase) determined the LA change. At the treated sites, the LA change and the VA change correlated closely (r = 0.77, P <.001). At the treated sites, significantly more PLA increase was seen in the IVUS cross-sections that showed hard lesion or media rupture (P <.05). No relationship was found between the presence of dissection and the quantitative changes. CONCLUSION: At the most stenotic sites, lumen narrowing was caused by plaque increase and vessel shrinkage. Both the treated sites and the reference sites showed a significant PLA increase: the type of vascular remodeling determined the LA change at follow-up examination. The extent of the PLA increase was significantly larger in the IVUS cross-sections that showed hard lesion or media rupture.  (+info)

Prenatal diagnosis of a lean umbilical cord: a simple marker for the fetus at risk of being small for gestational age at birth. (2/356)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the prenatal diagnosis of a 'lean' umbilical cord in otherwise normal fetuses identifies fetuses at risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) at birth and of having distress in labor. The umbilical cord was defined as lean when its cross-sectional area on ultrasound examination was below the 10th centile for gestational age. METHOD: Pregnant women undergoing routine sonographic examination were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were gestational age greater than 20 weeks, intact membranes, and singleton gestation. The sonographic cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord was measured in a plane adjacent to the insertion into the fetal abdomen. Umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were recorded during fetal apnea and fetal anthropometric parameters were measured. RESULTS: During the study period, 860 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 3.6% delivered a SGA infant. The proportion of SGA infants was higher among fetuses who had a lean umbilical cord on ultrasound examination than among those with a normal umbilical cord (11.5% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.05). Fetuses with a lean cord had a risk 4.4-fold higher of being SGA at birth than those with a normal umbilical cord. After 25 weeks of gestation, this risk was 12.4 times higher when the umbilical cord was lean than when it was of normal size. The proportion of fetuses with meconium-stained amniotic fluid at delivery was higher among fetuses with a lean cord than among those with a normal umbilical cord (14.6% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001). The proportion of infants who had a 5-min Apgar score < 7 was higher among those who had a lean cord than among those with normal umbilical cord (5.2% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.05). Considering only patients admitted in labor with intact membranes and who delivered an appropriate-for-gestational-age infant, the proportion of fetuses who had oligohydramnios at the time of delivery was higher among those who had a lean cord than among those with a normal umbilical cord (17.6% versus 1.3%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that fetuses with a lean umbilical cord have an increased risk of being small for gestational age at birth and of having signs of distress at the time of delivery.  (+info)

Velocity associated characteristics of force production in college weight lifters. (3/356)

OBJECTIVE: To determine velocity specific isokinetic forces and cross sectional areas of reciprocal muscle groups in Olympic weight lifters. METHODS: The cross sectional area of the flexor or extensor muscles of the elbow or knee joint was determined by a B-mode ultrasonic apparatus in 34 college weight lifters and 31 untrained male subjects matched for age. Maximum voluntary force produced in the flexion and extension of the elbow and knee joints was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60, 180, and 300 degrees/s. RESULTS: The average cross sectional area was 31-65% higher, and the force was 19-62% higher in weight lifters than in the untrained subjects. The ratio of force to cross sectional area was the same in both groups. The weight lifters showed a lower velocity associated decline in force than untrained subjects in the elbow and knee flexors but not in the extensors. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that for muscle contractions with velocities between 60 degrees/s and 300 degrees/s the difference in isokinetic force between weight lifters and untrained subjects can be primarily attributed to the difference in the muscle cross sectional area. However, the lower velocity associated decline in force implies that weight lifters may have a higher force per cross sectional area than untrained subjects at velocities above 300 degrees/s.  (+info)

Sonographic incidence of tendon microtears in athletes with chronic Achilles tendinosis. (4/356)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the number and distribution of tendon microtears in asymptomatic controls and athletes with chronic Achilles tendinitis or partial thickness tears using high resolution ultrasound. METHODS: The mean number of microtears in three random tendon cross sections were recorded per tendon third in 19 asymptomatic volunteers, 16 athletes with symptomatic chronic Achilles tendinitis, and eight athletes with partial Achilles tendon rupture. RESULTS: Microtears were most numerous in the middle third section of the Achilles tendon. Some 67% of tendons in the control group had no microtears, and 28% showed a single microtear. Only 18% of the athletes with chronic Achilles tendinitis and none of the athletes with partial tendon rupture were without microtears in the middle third of their Achilles tendon. Of the tendons with chronic tendinitis, 13% had more than three microtears per section which increased to 87% in tendons exhibiting partial rupture. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be an association between microtear formation and Achilles tendon rupture.  (+info)

Angiographic abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an explanation based on neuropathologic findings. (5/356)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is typically occult at angiography and fails to enhance on MR images. After observing angiographic abnormalities characterized by arteriovenous shunting and pathologic parenchymal blush in patients with AIDS-related PML, often in the absence of contrast enhancement on MR images, we hypothesized that there might be distinct changes in the cerebral microvasculature that account for the reduction in vascular transit time (arteriovenous shunting) in the absence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. METHODS: The imaging studies and neuropathologic specimens of six patients with biopsy-proved PML were reviewed retrospectively. In all patients contrast-enhanced MR imaging and CT, followed by cerebral angiography, were performed before stereotactically directed biopsy. The angiograms were evaluated for the presence of vascular displacement, pathologic parenchymal blush, arteriovenous shunting, and neovascularity. The CT and MR studies were reviewed for the presence of enhancement of the PML lesions. Biopsy specimens were examined for the presence of necrosis, perivascular inflammation, and neovascularity. RESULTS: All patients had oligodendrocytic intranuclear inclusions diagnostic of PML, together with perivascular inflammation and neovascularity to a varying extent; no other neuropathologic processes were identified. Angiographic abnormalities, characterized by a pathologic parenchymal blush and arteriovenous shunting, were identified in four of the six patients. In only one of these cases, however, was abnormal enhancement identified on cross-sectional imaging studies (MR and CT), and this patient had florid perivascular inflammatory infiltrates histologically. CONCLUSION: The pathologic parenchymal blush and arteriovenous shunting seen angiographically in some patients with PML reflect small-vessel proliferation and perivascular inflammatory changes incited by the presence of the JC virus in infected oligodendrocytes.  (+info)

A surgical pathology system for gross specimen examination. (6/356)

The concepts used in the storage of still digital images obtained during gross specimen examination of tissues and organs in surgical pathology using a digital camera are described. We address the technical aspects related with the implementation of a prototype tool to assist the pathologist during the sampling process as well the logic archive support to store the acquired images. We describe, also, the hypermedia concepts that allow the navigation and the efficient examination of the information contained in the stored images. The advantages, the technological and human limitations, and the effects of using images in the documentation of a case are also discussed.  (+info)

Anatomical information in radiation treatment planning. (7/356)

We report on experience and insights gained from prototyping, for clinical radiation oncologists, a new access tool for the University of Washington Digital Anatomist information resources. This access tool is designed to integrate with a radiation therapy planning (RTP) system in use in a clinical setting. We hypothesize that the needs of practitioners in a clinical setting are different from the needs of students, the original targeted users of the Digital Anatomist system, but that a common knowledge resource can serve both. Our prototype was designed to help define those differences and study the feasibility of a full anatomic reference system that will support both clinical radiation therapy and all the existing educational applications.  (+info)

The Virtual Pelvic Floor, a tele-immersive educational environment. (8/356)

This paper describes the development of the Virtual Pelvic Floor, a new method of teaching the complex anatomy of the pelvic region utilizing virtual reality and advanced networking technology. Virtual reality technology allows improved visualization of three-dimensional structures over conventional media because it supports stereo vision, viewer-centered perspective, large angles of view, and interactivity. Two or more ImmersaDesk systems, drafting table format virtual reality displays, are networked together providing an environment where teacher and students share a high quality three-dimensional anatomical model, and are able to converse, see each other, and to point in three dimensions to indicate areas of interest. This project was realized by the teamwork of surgeons, medical artists and sculptors, computer scientists, and computer visualization experts. It demonstrates the future of virtual reality for surgical education and applications for the Next Generation Internet.  (+info)

In medicine, cadavers are used for a variety of purposes, such as:

1. Anatomy education: Medical students and residents learn about the human body by studying and dissecting cadavers. This helps them develop a deeper understanding of human anatomy and improves their surgical skills.
2. Research: Cadavers are used in scientific research to study the effects of diseases, injuries, and treatments on the human body. This helps scientists develop new medical techniques and therapies.
3. Forensic analysis: Cadavers can be used to aid in the investigation of crimes and accidents. By examining the body and its injuries, forensic experts can determine cause of death, identify suspects, and reconstruct events.
4. Organ donation: After death, cadavers can be used to harvest organs and tissues for transplantation into living patients. This can improve the quality of life for those with organ failure or other medical conditions.
5. Medical training simulations: Cadavers can be used to simulate real-life medical scenarios, allowing healthcare professionals to practice their skills in a controlled environment.

In summary, the term "cadaver" refers to the body of a deceased person and is used in the medical field for various purposes, including anatomy education, research, forensic analysis, organ donation, and medical training simulations.

Types of congenital heart defects include:

1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart, allowing abnormal blood flow.
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart, also allowing abnormal blood flow.
3. Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four heart defects, including VSD, pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), and abnormal development of the infundibulum (a part of the heart that connects the ventricles to the pulmonary artery).
4. Transposition of the great vessels: A condition in which the aorta and/or pulmonary artery are placed in the wrong position, disrupting blood flow.
5. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): A severe defect in which the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, resulting in insufficient blood flow to the body.
6. Pulmonary atresia: A condition in which the pulmonary valve does not form properly, blocking blood flow to the lungs.
7. Truncus arteriosus: A rare defect in which a single artery instead of two (aorta and pulmonary artery) arises from the heart.
8. Double-outlet right ventricle: A condition in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle instead of the left ventricle.

Causes of congenital heart defects are not fully understood, but genetics, environmental factors, and viral infections during pregnancy may play a role. Diagnosis is typically made through fetal echocardiography or cardiac ultrasound during pregnancy or after birth. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the defect and may include medication, surgery, or heart transplantation. With advances in medical technology and treatment, many children with congenital heart disease can lead active, healthy lives into adulthood.


There are several types of vascular malformations, including:

1. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): These are abnormal connections between arteries and veins that can cause bleeding, seizures, and other neurological symptoms.
2. Capillary malformations (CMs): These are abnormalities in the tiny blood vessels that can cause redness, swelling, and other skin changes.
3. Venous malformations (VMs): These are abnormalities in the veins that can cause swelling, pain, and other symptoms.
4. Lymphatic malformations: These are abnormalities in the lymphatic system that can cause swelling, pain, and other symptoms.

Vascular malformations can be diagnosed using a variety of imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI scans. Treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the malformation, and may include surgery, embolization, or sclerotherapy.

In summary, vascular malformations are abnormalities in the blood vessels that can cause a range of symptoms and can be diagnosed using imaging tests. Treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the malformation.

There are several types of heart septal defects, including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and mitral valve defects. Ventricular septal defects are the most common type and occur when there is an abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles.

Symptoms of heart septal defects can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and feet. In some cases, the defect may not cause any symptoms at all until later in life.

Diagnosis of heart septal defects is typically made using echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), or chest X-rays. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the defect and can include medication to manage symptoms, surgery to repair the defect, or catheter procedures to close the opening. In some cases, heart septal defects may be treated with a procedure called balloon atrial septostomy, in which a balloon is inserted through a catheter into the abnormal opening and inflated to close it.

Prognosis for patients with heart septal defects depends on the severity of the defect and the presence of any other congenital heart defects. In general, early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and endocardrial infection.

In summary, heart septal defects, ventricular type, are congenital heart defects that occur when there is an abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and feet. Diagnosis is typically made using echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), or chest X-rays. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the defect and can include medication, surgery, or catheter procedures. Prognosis is generally good for patients with heart septal defects if they receive early diagnosis and treatment.



1. Accessory coronary arteries: These are extra coronary arteries that arise from the aortic sinus or the pulmonary trunk and supply blood to the heart muscle.
2. Coronary artery fistula: This is an abnormal connection between two coronary arteries or between a coronary artery and another cardiac structure, such as the left atrium or ventricle.
3. Coronary artery malformations: These are abnormalities in the origin, course, or termination of the coronary arteries.
4. Coronary atherosclerosis: This is the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and increase the risk of heart attack.
5. Coronary vasospasm: This is a temporary narrowing of the coronary arteries, often triggered by stress or certain medications.

Coronary vessel anomalies can be diagnosed using various imaging tests such as angiography, CT scans, and MRI. Treatment options for these anomalies depend on the severity of the condition and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgical interventions. It is important to identify and address coronary vessel anomalies to prevent or manage cardiac conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

The symptoms of situs inversus totalis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the specific organs involved. Some common symptoms include:

* Chest pain or discomfort
* Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Nausea and vomiting
* Fatigue or weakness
* Swelling in the legs or feet
* Pale or blue-tinged skin

The exact cause of situs inversus totalis is not known, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition is usually diagnosed during fetal development, and it can be detected through ultrasound imaging.

Treatment for situs inversus totalis typically involves surgery to correct the inverted organs. In some cases, a heart-lung transplant may be necessary. Medications such as antibiotics and pain relievers may also be prescribed to manage symptoms.

The prognosis for situs inversus totalis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the specific organs involved. In general, early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. However, the condition can be life-threatening, and some individuals with situs inversus totalis may not survive beyond infancy or childhood.

In summary, situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital condition where all the major organs in the chest and abdomen are inverted or mirrored from their normal positions. Symptoms can include chest pain, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, nausea, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves surgery to correct the inverted organs, and medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms. The prognosis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the specific organs involved.

In a normal heart, the aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle. In TGV, the positions of these vessels are reversed, with the aorta arising from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arising from the left ventricle. This can lead to a variety of complications, including cyanosis (blue discoloration of the skin), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and difficulty breathing.

TGV is often diagnosed during infancy or early childhood, and treatment typically involves surgery to repair the defect. In some cases, a procedure called an arterial switch may be performed, in which the aorta and pulmonary artery are surgically reversed to their normal positions. In other cases, a heart transplant may be necessary. With proper treatment, many individuals with TGV can lead active and healthy lives. However, they may require ongoing monitoring and care throughout their lives to manage any potential complications.

There are several types of heart septal defects, including:

1. Atrial septal defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.
2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the wall between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): A connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery that should close shortly after birth but fails to do so.
4. Atresia: The absence of an opening between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart, which can lead to a lack of oxygenation of the body.

Heart septal defects can be caused by genetic factors or environmental factors such as maternal viral infections during pregnancy. They are often diagnosed during infancy or early childhood, and treatment options may include medication, surgery, or catheter-based procedures to close the abnormal opening or hole.

Untreated heart septal defects can lead to complications such as heart failure, atrial arrhythmias, and lung damage. However, with timely and appropriate treatment, many individuals with heart septal defects can lead normal, active lives with minimal long-term effects.

1. Infection: Bacterial or viral infections can develop after surgery, potentially leading to sepsis or organ failure.
2. Adhesions: Scar tissue can form during the healing process, which can cause bowel obstruction, chronic pain, or other complications.
3. Wound complications: Incisional hernias, wound dehiscence (separation of the wound edges), and wound infections can occur.
4. Respiratory problems: Pneumonia, respiratory failure, and atelectasis (collapsed lung) can develop after surgery, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
5. Cardiovascular complications: Myocardial infarction (heart attack), cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac failure can occur after surgery, especially in high-risk patients.
6. Renal (kidney) problems: Acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease can develop postoperatively, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
7. Neurological complications: Stroke, seizures, and neuropraxia (nerve damage) can occur after surgery, especially in patients with pre-existing neurological conditions.
8. Pulmonary embolism: Blood clots can form in the legs or lungs after surgery, potentially causing pulmonary embolism.
9. Anesthesia-related complications: Respiratory and cardiac complications can occur during anesthesia, including respiratory and cardiac arrest.
10. delayed healing: Wound healing may be delayed or impaired after surgery, particularly in patients with pre-existing medical conditions.

It is important for patients to be aware of these potential complications and to discuss any concerns with their surgeon and healthcare team before undergoing surgery.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, back pain, and difficulty breathing if it ruptures. It can also be diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment options for an abdominal aortic aneurysm include watchful waiting (monitoring the aneurysm for signs of growth or rupture), endovascular repair (using a catheter to repair the aneurysm from within the blood vessel), or surgical repair (open surgery to repair the aneurysm).

Word Origin and History

The word 'aneurysm' comes from the Greek words 'aneurysma', meaning 'dilation' and 'sma', meaning 'a vessel'. The term 'abdominal aortic aneurysm' was first used in the medical literature in the late 19th century to describe this specific type of aneurysm.


Prevalence and Incidence

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are relatively common, especially among older adults. According to the Society for Vascular Surgery, approximately 2% of people over the age of 65 have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms increases with age, and men are more likely to be affected than women.


Risk Factors

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm, including:

* High blood pressure
* Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
* Smoking
* Family history of aneurysms
* Previous heart attack or stroke
* Marfan syndrome or other connective tissue disorders.


Symptoms and Diagnosis

Abdominal aortic aneurysms can be asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, some people may experience symptoms such as:

* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Back pain
* Weakness or fatigue
* Palpitations
* Shortness of breath

If an abdominal aortic aneurysm is suspected, several diagnostic tests may be ordered, including:

* Ultrasound
* Computed tomography (CT) scan
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
* Angiography

Treatment and Management

The treatment of choice for an abdominal aortic aneurysm depends on several factors, including the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:

* Watchful waiting (for small aneurysms that are not causing any symptoms)
* Endovascular repair (using a stent or other device to repair the aneurysm from within the blood vessel)
* Open surgical repair (where the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to repair the aneurysm)

In some cases, emergency surgery may be necessary if the aneurysm ruptures or shows signs of impending rupture.

Complications and Risks

Abdominal aortic aneurysms can lead to several complications and risks, including:

* Rupture (which can be life-threatening)
* Infection
* Blood clots or blockages in the blood vessels
* Kidney damage
* Heart problems

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent an abdominal aortic aneurysm, but several factors may reduce the risk of developing one. These include:

* Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (including a balanced diet and regular exercise)
* Not smoking
* Managing high blood pressure and other medical conditions
* Getting regular check-ups with your healthcare provider

Prognosis and Life Expectancy

The prognosis for abdominal aortic aneurysms depends on several factors, including the size of the aneurysm, its location, and whether it has ruptured. In general, the larger the aneurysm, the poorer the prognosis. If treated before rupture, many people with abdominal aortic aneurysms can expect a good outcome and a normal life expectancy. However, if the aneurysm ruptures, the survival rate is much lower.

In conclusion, abdominal aortic aneurysms are a serious medical condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated. It is important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of an aneurysm, and to seek medical attention immediately if any are present. With proper treatment, many people with abdominal aortic aneurysms can expect a good outcome and a normal life expectancy.

Some common examples of intraoperative complications include:

1. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding during surgery can lead to hypovolemia (low blood volume), anemia (low red blood cell count), and even death.
2. Infection: Surgical wounds can become infected, leading to sepsis or bacteremia (bacterial infection of the bloodstream).
3. Nerve damage: Surgery can sometimes result in nerve damage, leading to numbness, weakness, or paralysis.
4. Organ injury: Injury to organs such as the liver, lung, or bowel can occur during surgery, leading to complications such as bleeding, infection, or organ failure.
5. Anesthesia-related complications: Problems with anesthesia can include respiratory or cardiac depression, allergic reactions, or awareness during anesthesia (a rare but potentially devastating complication).
6. Hypotension: Low blood pressure during surgery can lead to inadequate perfusion of vital organs and tissues, resulting in organ damage or death.
7. Thromboembolism: Blood clots can form during surgery and travel to other parts of the body, causing complications such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, or deep vein thrombosis.
8. Postoperative respiratory failure: Respiratory complications can occur after surgery, leading to respiratory failure, pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
9. Wound dehiscence: The incision site can separate or come open after surgery, leading to infection, fluid accumulation, or hernia.
10. Seroma: A collection of serous fluid that can develop at the surgical site, which can become infected and cause complications.
11. Nerve damage: Injury to nerves during surgery can result in numbness, weakness, or paralysis, sometimes permanently.
12. Urinary retention or incontinence: Surgery can damage the bladder or urinary sphincter, leading to urinary retention or incontinence.
13. Hematoma: A collection of blood that can develop at the surgical site, which can become infected and cause complications.
14. Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs after surgery can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and can lead to serious complications.
15. Sepsis: A systemic inflammatory response to infection that can occur after surgery, leading to organ dysfunction and death if not treated promptly.

It is important to note that these are potential complications, and not all patients will experience them. Additionally, many of these complications are rare, and the vast majority of surgeries are successful with minimal or no complications. However, it is important for patients to be aware of the potential risks before undergoing surgery so they can make an informed decision about their care.

1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.

2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.

3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.

4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.

5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.

6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.

7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.

8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.

9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.

10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.

Body weight is an important health indicator, as it can affect an individual's risk for certain medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy body weight is essential for overall health and well-being, and there are many ways to do so, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle changes.

There are several ways to measure body weight, including:

1. Scale: This is the most common method of measuring body weight, and it involves standing on a scale that displays the individual's weight in kg or lb.
2. Body fat calipers: These are used to measure body fat percentage by pinching the skin at specific points on the body.
3. Skinfold measurements: This method involves measuring the thickness of the skin folds at specific points on the body to estimate body fat percentage.
4. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): This is a non-invasive method that uses electrical impulses to measure body fat percentage.
5. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): This is a more accurate method of measuring body composition, including bone density and body fat percentage.

It's important to note that body weight can fluctuate throughout the day due to factors such as water retention, so it's best to measure body weight at the same time each day for the most accurate results. Additionally, it's important to use a reliable scale or measuring tool to ensure accurate measurements.

1977). Cross-Sectional Anatomy: An Atlas for Computerized Tomography. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0- ...
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"Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Anatomy and Its Relevance for Cross-Sectional Imaging". RadioGraphics. 32 (2): 437-451. doi: ... Anatomy photo:37:03-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center Overview and diagrams at colostate.edu (Articles with short ... Drake, R. L.; Vogl, A.W.; Mitchell, A.W. (4 April 2009). "Abdominal Viscera". Gray's Anatomy for Students. Philadelphia, PA: ... Tortora GJ, Anagnostakos NP (1984). Principles of anatomy and physiology (4th ed.). New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06- ...
American Head and Neck Society The Anatomy Wiz. An Interactive Cross-Sectional Anatomy Atlas How To Increase neck size , Top 5 ... Students, Phed 301 (May 2018). "Surface Anatomy - Advanced Anatomy 2nd. Ed". pressbooks.bccampus.ca. Retrieved 2019-09-26. ... In anatomy, the neck is also called by its Latin names, cervixcode: lat promoted to code: la or collumcode: lat promoted to ... "Neck anatomy". Kenhub. Retrieved 2019-09-26. Galis, Frietson (1999). "Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? ...
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This data consists of a series of cross sectional images of the human anatomy. In these images different tissues show up as ... Reproduction accuracy". Surgical & Radiologic Anatomy. 19 (3): 193-9. Winder, RJ; Bibb, R (2009). "A Review of the Issues ... parts in a layer by layer fashion using photochemical processes by which light causes chemical monomers and oligomers to cross- ...
"Processing of cross-sectional image data for reconstruction of human developmental anatomy from museum specimens". ACM SIGBIO ... These images were digitized and processed to create 3D voxel datasets representing embryonic anatomy. Standard techniques for ... This system thereby allowed an anatomy instructor to quickly and easily generate customized interactive 3D reconstructions for ... Sets of serial microscopic cross-sections through human embryos (prepared by Carnegie Collection contributors between the 1890s ...
"Quantitative cerebral anatomy of the aging human brain: a cross-sectional study using magnetic resonance imaging". Neurology. ...
A cross sectional study" by correlating low 2D:4D digit ratio with good luck, despite following established research methods. ... Journal of Anatomy. 212 (1): 42-48. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00830.x. PMC 2423386. PMID 18005121. Kumar S, Voracek M, Singh ... A cross sectional study". BMJ. 375: e067849. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067849. PMC 8672321. PMID 34911738. Galis F, Ten Broek CM, ... A cross sectional study" heavily criticized the field of research. The researchers followed the same research methodology as ...
A repeat x-ray may be required at a later date, as might cross-sectional imaging via MRI or CT scan. A condition called ... 1. The Carpus". Anatomy of the Human Body. 4 - via Bartleby.com. Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AW (2005). Gray's anatomy for ... Wijetunga AR, Tsang VH, Giuffre B (March 2019). "The utility of cross-sectional imaging in the management of suspected scaphoid ... Cross section of wrist (thumb on left). Scaphoid (labelled as "Navicular") shown in red. Wrist joint. Deep dissection. ...
Severe stenosis is considered when the diameter loss is 2/3 of original diameter or more, that is 90% loss of cross-sectional ... Angiogram can provide detailed anatomy of coronary circulation and lesions albeit not perfect. Significance of each lesions is ... Diameter loss of 50% translates to a 75% cross-sectional area loss which is considered moderate, by most groups. ... depending on the anatomy of the lesions or how well heart is functioning) with CAD and comparing it with other therapeutic ...
Cross sectional cut of primary bronchiole Trachea Primary bronchus Lobar bronchus Segmental bronchus Bronchiole Alveolar duct ... Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2007. Dudek, Ronald W. ... Human Anatomy (6th ed.). Benjamin Cummings. p. 643. ISBN 978-0-321-49804-5. Paxton, Steve; Peckham, Michelle; Knibbs, Adele ( ... Saladin K (2011). Human anatomy (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 640-641. ISBN 9780071222075. Merck Manual of Medical Information ( ...
... the use of ether anaesthesia to Russia and made important contributions to the study of cross-sectional human anatomy. With the ...
A Cross Sectional Study". Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 10 (5): ZC143-ZC145. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/19551.7880. ... v t e (Dental anatomy, Human mouth anatomy, All stub articles, Dentistry stubs). ...
March 2019). "Caries prevalence and experience in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: A cross-sectional multicenter study ... Bath-Balogh M (2011). Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy (3rd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 64. ISBN ...
... these studies have suggested that the tensor of vastus intermedius has a small cross-sectional area compared to other ... Clinical Anatomy. 29 (2): 256-263. doi:10.1002/ca.22680. PMID 26732825. S2CID 38157592. Willan, P L; Mahon, M; Golland, J A ( ... and inter-muscular differences in the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscles assessed by extended field-of-view ... "In Vivo Assessment of the Tensor Vastus Intermedius Cross-sectional Area Using Ultrasonography". Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons ...
The Visible Human Project is an effort to create a detailed data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body, in order ... It is used as a tool for the progression of medical findings, in which these findings link anatomy to its audiences. A male and ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Images of human anatomy from the Visible Human Project. Home page of the project, ... Venuti, J.; Imielinska, C.; Molholt, P. (2004). "New Views of Male Pelvic Anatomy: Role of Computer Generated 3D Images". ...
From Radiography to Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques". Radiology Research and Practice. 2016: 1-15. doi:10.1155/2016/6369237 ... Anatomy photo:17:01-0501 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Major Joints of the Lower Extremity: Hip joint" Anatomy photo: ... Acetabulum This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 237 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) " ... Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, A. M. R. (2013). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978 ...
2022), who use their findings to reconstruct physiological cross-sectional areas of the hindlimb muscles of Coelophysis bauri. ... 2022). Description of the frontal anatomy of Teratophoneus curriei is published by Yun (2022). A study on the anatomy of the ... Sakamoto M (2022). "Estimating bite force in extinct dinosaurs using phylogenetically predicted physiological cross-sectional ... Description of the anatomy of the holotype specimen of Junggarsuchus sloani, its comparison to Dibothrosuchus elaphros, and a ...
Examples of subspeciality training in radiology include abdominal imaging, thoracic imaging, cross-sectional/ultrasound, MRI, ... This comprises a medical physics and anatomy examination. Following completion of their part 1 exam, they are then required to ... producing a computer-generated cross-sectional image (tomogram). CT is acquired in the axial plane, with coronal and sagittal ... Radiocontrast agents are usually administered by swallowing or injecting into the body of the patient to delineate anatomy and ...
Cross-sectional anatomy of the midbrain showing location of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and the Edinger-Westphal ... cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (III) Portal: Anatomy (Wikipedia articles needing ... Fibers from the optic nerves cross over in the optic chiasm with some fibers passing to the contralateral optic nerve tract. ... The Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves: The Nerves of "On Olympus Towering Top". Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1- ...
... artistic anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.154 - comparative anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.185 - cross-sectional anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.185 ... visible human project MeSH H01.158.100.216 - regional anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.279 - veterinary anatomy MeSH H01.158.100.433 - ...
... oval or irregular cross-sectional shape) and lateral parts (fins, anastomoses and accessory canals). In fact, this lateral ... Dental anatomy, Human mouth anatomy, Parts of tooth). ... Root canal anatomy consists of the pulp chamber and root canals ... Root canals presenting an oval cross-section are found in 50-70% of root canals. In addition, canals with a "tear-shaped" cross ... When rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) files are used in canals with flat-oval or tear-shaped cross sections, a circular bore is ...
MeSH G01.100.091 - anatomy, artistic MeSH G01.100.154 - anatomy, comparative MeSH G01.100.185 - anatomy, cross-sectional MeSH ... G01.100.185.900 - visible human project MeSH G01.100.216 - anatomy, regional MeSH G01.100.279 - anatomy, veterinary MeSH ...
Cross sectional cut of vocalis muscle This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1083 of the 20th edition of ... Gray's Anatomy (1918) Frank H. Netter, MD "Atlas of Human anatomy", 7th Edition, 2019, Plate 91, superior view Anatomy photo:32 ... st-0605 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center Atlas image: rsa4p5 at the University of Michigan Health System Portal: Anatomy ( ... Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Articles with TA98 identifiers, Muscles ...
... and attention to the cross-sectional anatomy. Another noticeable feature of his illustrations was the aerial perspective that ... ISBN 0-387-97563-2. Brödel, Max (1946). Three Unpublished Drawings of the Anatomy of the Human Ear. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders ... Charles Bardeen as part of the Hopkins Anatomy Department in 1900. The pair realized their similar musical and artistic ... showed the anatomy as seen through a surgeon's eyes. Some of his early illustrations were also for physicians Spalteholz, His ...
Muscle volume is determined by the cross-sectional area. Anatomical cross-sectional area is C S A = V l {\displaystyle CSA={\ ... Fiber length is also a key variable in muscle anatomy. Fiber length is the product of both the number of sarcomeres in series ... the anatomical cross-sectional area cannot be used as in parallel fibered muscles. Instead, the physiological cross-sectional ... The force produced by a given muscle is proportional to the cross-sectional area, or the number of parallel sarcomeres present ...
From Radiography to Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques". Radiology Research and Practice. 2016: 1-15. doi:10.1155/2016/6369237 ... Thieme Atlas of Anatomy (2006), p 381 Ryan, Stephanie (2011). "Chapter 8". Anatomy for diagnostic imaging (Third ed.). Elsevier ... ISBN 978-0-7020-2971-4. Faller (2004), pp 174-175 Thieme Atlas of Anatomy (2006), p 365 Thieme Atlas of Anatomy (2006), p 378 ... ISBN 978-1-4557-5360-4. Thieme Atlas of Anatomy (2006), p 367 Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: ...
... a cross-sectional cadaver study". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 10 (9): 2211-2218. doi:10.1111/jsm.12230. ISSN 1743-6109. ... Peter Scardino's Prostate Book, Avery, 2005 Blue Torch [1] December 2007 Gray's Anatomy, 1918 edition (AC with 0 elements, ...
... a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 4 (1): e004017. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004017. PMC 3902513. PMID 24435892. National ... 1973). Gray's Anatomy (35th British ed.). London: Longman. p. 1046. ISBN 978-0443010118. Hutter Epstein, M.D., Randi (2011). ... Medicine administered via epidural can cross the placenta and enter the bloodstream of the fetus. Epidural analgesia has no ... "Birth (Parturition) , Boundless Anatomy and Physiology". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 26 February 2021. "WHO ...
... Sectional Anatomy. Animation in the reference. Diagrams of the spinal cord. Cross-section through the spinal cord ... Cross-section of rabbit spinal cord. Cross section of adult rat spinal cord stained using Cajal method. Wikimedia Commons has ... Cross-sections of the spinal cord at varying levels. Cervical vertebra A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral ... Anatomy and Physiology, 5th Ed. Le, Tao (10 January 2014). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2014 / Edition 24. McGraw-Hill ...
"Taxonomic identification of Lower Pleistocene fossil hominins based on distal humeral diaphyseal cross-sectional shape". PeerJ ... The jaws are the main argument for monophyly, but such anatomy is strongly influenced by diet and environment, and could in all ... The hand of KNM-ER 47000 shows Australopithecus-like anatomy lacking the third metacarpal styloid process (which allows the ... it would show a limb anatomy quite similar to that of the contemporary H. habilis.: 116 Instead, the OH 80 femur, more like H. ...
It is important to recognize that ligaments adapt to training by increasing the cross-sectional area of fibers. When a ligament ... Shier D, Butler J, Lewis R (2007). Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed.). McGraw Hill / Irwin. pp. 157, 160. ISBN 978-0- ...
"RCR/RCPath statement on standards for medico-legal post-mortem cross-sectional imaging in adults" (PDF). The Royal College of ... In the year 1998 various aspects of human and animal anatomy and pathology were successfully studied by Digital 3D examination ... In UK, the Department of Health is currently considering recommendations for an integrated national cross-sectional autopsy ... Radiologists and the Royal College of Pathologists prepared a document to standardize medico-legal post-mortem cross-sectional ...
July 2013). "Prevalence of prostate cancer on autopsy: cross-sectional study on unscreened Caucasian and Asian men". Journal of ... Muruve MA (2020-06-11). Gest TR (ed.). "Prostate Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy". Medscape. Singh O, ... Schenkman NS, Manger JP (2020-06-11). Gest TR (ed.). "Male Urethra Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy". ... McNeal JE (1984). "Anatomy of the prostate and morphogenesis of BPH". Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 145: 27-53 ...
... the tongue can vary the cross-sectional area of each tube independently by about 10:1, altering formant frequencies accordingly ... The Comparative Anatomy and Evolution of the Human Vocal Tract Unpublished thesis, University of London. Perreault, C.; Mathew ... The origin of speech has been studied through many fields and topics such as: evolution, anatomy, and history of linguistics. ... Kelemen, G. (1963). Comparative anatomy and performance of the vocal organ in vertebrates. In R. Busnel (ed.), Acoustic ...
... recording protocols for entheseal changes in regards to expressing activity patterns using archival data and cross-sectional ... Lane, W. Arbuthnot (1888-07-01). "Anatomy and Physiology of the Shoemaker". Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. 22 (Pt 4): 592.1 ... Anatomy & Cell Biology. 47 (1): 66-72. doi:10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.66. ISSN 2093-3665. PMC 3968268. PMID 24693484. Danforth, ... Differences in male and female skeletal anatomy are used by bioarchaeologists to determine the biological sex of human ...
Another example: Force is dependent on the cross-sectional area of muscle (CSA), which is L2. If comparing force to a length, ... Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology and finally behaviour, first outlined by ... but the strength of its bones and muscles is dependent upon their cross-sectional area, which has only increased fourfold. ...
The cross-sectional thickness of limb bones in adult metoposaurids shows that they could not withstand the stress of ... Schoch, Rainer R. (1997-11-14). "Cranial anatomy of the Permian temnospondyl amphibian Zatrachys serratus Cope 1878, and the ... Schoch, Rainer R.; Fastnacht, Michael; Fichter, Jürgen; Keller, Thomas (2007). "Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic ... Dilkes, David (2015-10-22). "Carpus and tarsus of Temnospondyli". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 1: 51. doi: ...
Frontera, W.R.; Hughes, V.A.; Lutz, K.J.; Evans, W.J. (August 1991). "A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45 ... ISBN 1-4120-5457-5. Schuenke, Michael; Schulte, Erik; Schumacher, Udo (2006). Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and ... Females have a larger ratio of the cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum to cerebral volume and to forebrain size than ... Gray, Henry (1918). Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (20th ed.). Lea & Febiger. ASIN B000TW11G6. Robert-McComb, Jacalyn; Norman ...
A cross-sectional lifespan investigation of deception" (PDF). Acta Psychologica. 160: 58-68. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.06.007. ... Anatomy: James Heathcote, for his medical research study "Why Do Old Men Have Big Ears?" Biology: Kazunori Yoshizawa, Rodrigo ... Anatomy: Frans de Waal and Jennifer Pokorny, for discovering that chimpanzees can identify other chimpanzees individually by ... Anatomy: Roger Mieusset and Bourras Bengoudifa, for measuring scrotal temperature asymmetry in naked and clothed postmen in ...
... which was cross-sectional and provided a large number of observations. Douglas presented the results of these findings, along ... Anatomy of Cobb-Douglas Type Production Functions in 3D Analysis of the Cobb-Douglas as a utility function Closed Form Solution ...
A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Blood Medicine. 12: 849-854. doi:10.2147/JBM.S329360. PMC 8454416. PMID ... where he established anatomy as a major branch of medicine for the first time. Aranzi combined anatomy with a description of ... The International Red Cross began operations in numerous countries in the late 19th century, promoting nursing as an ideal ... For example, the teaching of anatomy was a part of the teaching of surgery, embryology was a part of training in pediatrics and ...
These marginal teeth are each about 3 millimetres (0.12 in) in cross-sectional diameter and form an unbroken row along both the ... Anatomy and functional morphology of the skull". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (2): 348. doi:10.1111/j.1096- ...
The boys basketball team won the North I Group IV sectional final Group IV vs. Hackensack High School in a 58-54 victory in ... In October 2015, Kimberly Moreno, who teaches anatomy, physiology and other health science courses at the school as part of a ... cross county, swimming, softball, bowling, tennis and track and field. Union City High School's first head football coach was ... In addition to Liberal Arts courses, students can take advanced placement biology, chemistry, physics, anatomy & physiology, ...
Although synchronous muscle has a higher percentage of myofibril, the cross-sectional area of asynchronous myofibril is 3.7 µm2 ... insect anatomy) Josephson, R.K.; Malamud, J.G.; Stokes, D.R. (15 September 2000). "Asynchronous muscle: a primer". Journal of ...
Doyle SL, Hodges JS, Pesun IJ, Law AS, Bowles WR (June 2007). "Retrospective cross sectional comparison of initial nonsurgical ... These can be useful in particular for cases with complex anatomy, or for retained foreign body retrieval from a failed prior ... This may be due to poor endodontic access, missed anatomy or inadequate shaping of the canal, particularly in the apical third ... Vertucci FJ (November 1984). "Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 58 ...
Cash, T. F.; Morrow, J. A.; Hrabosky, J. I.; Perry, A. A. (2004). "How has body image changed? A cross-sectional investigation ... "Unrealistic anatomies of Disney princesses revealed". NY Daily News. Retrieved January 9, 2019. "Barbie sales Mattel worldwide ... Cross-Region Marriage Migration in India and Dark-Skinned Migrant Brides". Gender & Society. 35 (1): 85-109. doi:10.1177/ ...
A Cross-Sectional Study". Medical Science Monitor. 26: e927848-1-e927848-13. doi:10.12659/MSM.927848. ISSN 1234-1010. PMC ... "Grey's Anatomy" (2205) - Episodes Cast". IMDB. Retrieved 1 December 2015. [1] A global overview of the changing roles of ... A radiographer uses their expertise and knowledge of patient care, physics, human anatomy, physiology, pathology and radiology ... Radiologic Technology students study anatomy, physiology, physics, radiopharmacology, pathology, biology, research, nursing, ...
... with its large cross-sectional area, prevents excess blood flow to the brain. When it raises again, the blood vessels constrict ... Harrison, D. F. N. (1995). The Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Larynx. Cambridge University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0- ... Solounias, N. (1999). "The remarkable anatomy of the giraffe's neck" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 247 (2): 257-68. doi:10.1111/j. ... Pérez, W.; Lima, M.; Clauss, M. (2009). "Gross anatomy of the intestine in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)" (PDF). ...
Narici, MV; Roi, GS; Landoni, L; Minetti, AE; Cerretelli, P (1989). "Changes in force, cross-sectional area and neural ... Anatomy, Neuroscience, and Nutritional science. A bachelor's degree in kinesiology can provide strong preparation for graduate ...
... "fanaticism and ignorance-political rivalry-sectional hate-strife for sectional dominion, have accumulated into a mighty flood, ... They crossed the river south of the town, and headed northeast to encircle it. Davis concentrated troops from across the south ... Nolan, Alan T (2000). "The Anatomy of the Myth". In Gallagher, Gary W.; Nolan, Alan T. (eds.). The Myth of the Lost Cause and ... Lee put up a strong defense and they were unable to directly advance on Richmond, but managed to cross the James River. In June ...
... a cross-sectional evaluation using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 48 (9 ... bony procedures aim at prevention of hip dislocation in the early phases or aim at hip containment and restoration of anatomy ... Although such cross-over benefit might happen, not enough high-quality studies have been done to demonstrate it. Because ... Research papers also call for an agreed consensus on outcome measures which will allow researchers to cross-reference research ...
... cross sectional area of valve L = axial length of valve Λ(t) = single degree of freedom; when Λ 2 ( t ) = A ( L , t ) A 0 {\ ... Anatomy photo:20:21-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Heart: The Pulmonic Valve" Anatomy photo:20:29-0104 at the ... Krawczyk-Ożóg, A; Hołda, MK; Bolechała, F; Siudak, Z; Sorysz, D; Dudek, D; Klimek-Piotrowska, W (May 2018). "Anatomy of the ... Mitral Valve Repair at The Mount Sinai Hospital - "Mitral Valve Anatomy" 3D, animated, rotatable heart valves (Rich media ...
... the cross-sectional shape of a road surface Crown, the grooved knob or dial on the outside of a watch case Confederation of the ... anatomy), the top of the head Crown (botany), the branching leaf-bearing portion of a tree Crown ether, a cyclic chemical ...
Studies look at the length, cross-sectional area, and volume of ACLs. Researchers use cadavers, and in vivo placement to study ... Anatomy figure: 17:07-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Superior view of the tibia." Anatomy figure ... The term cruciate translates to cross. This name is fitting because the ACL crosses the posterior cruciate ligament to form an ... The two ligaments are also called "cruciform" ligaments, as they are arranged in a crossed formation. In the quadruped stifle ...
Basic atlas of cross-sectional anatomy / Walter J. Bo, Isadore Meschan, Wayne A. Krueger. By: Bo, Walter JContributor(s): ... TextPublication details: Philadelphia : Saunders, 1980. Description: 357 pISBN: 0721617670Subject(s): Anatomy -- atlasesNLM ...
Establishing effective drainage of the urinary bladder can be challenging, and a thorough understanding of urethral anatomy and ... Cross-sectional diagram of the penis. View Media Gallery Urethral strictures. Schematic of penile anatomy. View Media Gallery ... Relevant Anatomy. The urethra is divided into anterior and posterior segments. The anterior urethra (from distal to proximal) ... Better understanding of the anatomy has led to successful application of this repair to longer strictures. Jordan and ...
The lower left picture depicts the relevant incisional anatomy. The lower right picture depicts the cross-sectional anatomy. ... Anatomy. Compartment syndrome may develop wherever a compartment is present. Possible sites include the lower leg, forearm, ... Surgical anatomy of the volar forearm. Photo courtesy of Dr. Smith, Harborview/UW Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, ...
Anatomy; Musculoskeletal disorders; MSD; Neuropathy; Cross sectional studies; Epidemiology; Author Keywords: carpal tunnel ... There are few cross-sectional studies that assess this relationship. Methods: A baseline examination of 1216 workers from 17 ...
... is to help students learn the cross-sectional anatomy of the distal thoracic limb of the horse and to introduce cross-sectional ... This Veterinary Anatomy Web Site is an umbrella site that provides access to individual courseware web sites and other teaching ... The site provides a sectional atlas of the normal canine lumbosacral spine in three planes: transverse, sagittal, and dorsal. ...
Sagittal section of the forehead and brow illustrating the cross-sectional anatomy. View Media Gallery ... Sagittal section of the forehead and brow illustrating the cross-sectional anatomy. ... encoded search term (Forehead Anatomy) and Forehead Anatomy What to Read Next on Medscape ... Surface Anatomy. The forehead constitutes the upper third of the face. It is delineated superiorly by the hairline and ...
Study Design: A cross-sectional type of study.. Place & period of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy ... Anatomy of basilar artery and its branches are very complex and variable. So, detailed morphogical knowledge is essential for ... Kanij Fatema Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Jahurul Islam Medical College * Nurun Nahar Assistant Professor, ... Md Rafiqul Alam Associate Professor (c.c.), Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka ...
A cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep and goats in 2006 and 2007 in ... In winter 2007-2008, a cross-sectional serologic study was conducted in France along a transect perpendicular to the epizootic ... Anatomy of Bluetongue virus Serotype 8 Epizootic Wave, France, 2007-2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2010;16(12):1861-1868. ... Anatomy of Bluetongue virus Serotype 8 Epizootic Wave, France, 2007-2008 On This Page ...
One cross-sectional survey in Denmark[2] looked at the prevalence of spinal pain. It found that in one year[2]: *13 percent of ... 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Bell-Jenje T. The Thorax Simplified - Anatomy, Biomechanics ... Anatomy[edit , edit source]. There are 136 joints in the thoracic spine and 112 muscle attachments. The orientation of the ... Anatomy, Thorax. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing. *↑ Masharawi Y, Rothschild B, Dar G, Peleg S, ...
Cross-sectional imaging to evaluate local anatomy such CT scan and MRI. ...
In this installment, we take a look at CT Anatomy, an iOS app that offers a cross-sectional guide of normal anatomy as seen on ... but anyone with an interest in cross-sectional anatomy can use and benefit from the CT Anatomy app. The volume of information ... CT Anatomy helps educate the user on normal human anatomy as seen on the CT. By learning normal CT anatomy, you are taking the ... A CT Anatomy app cant deviate much from its intended purpose, which is to demonstrate the anatomy of the human body. It has to ...
... lets do a brief reviewof the ocular anatomy.Here is a cross-sectional image of the eye.Light normally travels through the ... have been cautions issuedaround the IgM results and the possibilityof false-positives dueto various reasons including cross- ...
For example, anatomy used to be taught with cadaver dissections but is more often done now through cross sectional imaging used ...
Amit Kumar Nayak and others published A cross-sectional study of femoral neck shaft angle & femoral neck length on dry bones in ... Essentials OfHuman Anatomy (part -iii, ~ 524 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal superior and inferior extremities), 4 th , Current ... A cross-sectional study of femoral neck shaft angle & femoral neck length on dry bones in eastern Uttar Pradesh region. * ... Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the proximal end of 333 dry human femora from persons aged 20 to 75 ...
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 5th year male and female medical students (Faculty of Medicine, University of ... These students are supposed to have basic knowledge of medical ethics, anatomy, obstetrics and gynaecology and preventive ... it is important to have a basic understanding of the functional anatomy of the female genitals [11]. In the present study, ...
... mammography and nuclear medicine with an introduction to cross-sectional anatomy. ...
Based on the results, the medical students views on the blended anatomy course were classified into 8 categories: 1) visuality ... this study makes suggestions for taking advantage of the opportunities in a blended anatomy course successfully. ... The present study examines levels of satisfaction and perceptions of the students taking the blended anatomy course in Turkish ... a comparative cross-sectional university-based study. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 8(1), 12-17. ...
A cross-sectional study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;51:102282. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102282 ... Glenister R, Sharma S. Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, hip. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. ...
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional MeSH Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MeSH DeCS ID:. 22935 Unique ID:. D008279 ... Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field ... Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field ...
A self-reported cross-sectional study on the oral function and the quality of life in children with stunted growth. Eunike ... The impact of asynchronous online anatomy teaching and smaller learning groups in the anatomy laboratory on medical students ... Balance and Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults after Recovery from COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. ... Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Persons Newly Diagnosed With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-sectional Study. Trinh L.T. ...
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Cross-Sectional Study. World Neurosurg. 2018 Dec;120:e517-e524. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08. ... In: Cramer GC, Darby SA, Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and Ans, 3rd Edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2014: 122. ... A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Cross-Sectional Study. World Neurosurg. 2018 Dec;120:e517-e524. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08. ... In: Cramer GC, Darby SA, Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and Ans, 3rd Edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2014: 122. ...
1 The Radiographic Examination: The Basics 1 2 Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques 20 3 The Normal Chest X-Ray: Reading Like the ... Pros 36 4 Chest CT: Putting It All Together 58 5 Lobar Anatomy 74 6 The Silhouette Sign 94 7 The Air Bronchogram Sign 112 8 ...
The mobile version of the software will aid medical students and doctors in learning sectional anatomy.. KEY WORDS: Cross ... The purpose of this research was to enable anyone to learn the sectional anatomy of the head anywhere, anytime by presenting ...
In this cross-sectional study we investigated quantitative data of retinal vessels in eyes of subjects with Alzheimers disease ... Journal of Anatomy 206, 319-348 (2005).. Article Google Scholar *. Berisha, F., Feke, G. T., Trempe, C. L., McMeel, J. W. & ...
Palavras-chave : Spiral computed tomography; Cross-sectional anatomy; Madible. · resumo em Português · texto em Inglês · pdf em ...
Ten healthy adults participated in a cross-sectional study. A pressure sensor array was attached to the forearm of each ... Furthermore, additional cuff padding should adopt the shape of the forearm anatomy and simultaneously reduce rubbing of the ... Ten healthy adults participated in a cross-sectional study. A pressure sensor array was attached to the forearm of each ... Forearm pressure distribution during ambulation with elbow crutches: a cross-sectional study. *Jonas Fischer1, ...
  • This course also includes the advanced modalities of bone densitometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography and nuclear medicine with an introduction to cross-sectional anatomy. (ccp.edu)
  • All Access to Pocket Atlas Of Sectional Anatomy Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol 2 Thorax Abdomen And Pelvis PDF. (gov.vn)
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  • Only Register an Account to DownloadPocket Atlas Of Sectional Anatomy Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol 2 Thorax Abdomen And Pelvis PDF. (gov.vn)
  • A cross-sectional type of study. (banglajol.info)
  • The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January 2010 to December 2010. (banglajol.info)
  • In winter 2007-2008, a cross-sectional serologic study was conducted in France along a transect perpendicular to the epizootic wave. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevalence and distribution of incidental thoracic disc herniation, and thoracic hypertrophied ligamentum flavum in patients with back or leg pain: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Cross-Sectional Study. (spine-health.com)
  • The present study examines levels of satisfaction and perceptions of the students taking the blended anatomy course in Turkish Higher Education System. (ejmste.com)
  • As a factor promoting learning, this study makes suggestions for taking advantage of the opportunities in a blended anatomy course successfully. (ejmste.com)
  • Blended learning' as an effective teaching and learning strategy in clinical medicine: a comparative cross-sectional university-based study. (ejmste.com)
  • Ten healthy adults participated in a cross-sectional study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Color Atlas Of Anatomy A Photographic Study Of The Human. (gov.vn)
  • [1] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision. (wikidoc.org)
  • [1] Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes , which includes histology (the study of the organisation of tissues), [1] and cytology (the study of cells). (wikidoc.org)
  • Anatomy should not be confused with anatomical pathology (also called morbid anatomy or histopathology ), which is the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of diseased organs . (wikidoc.org)
  • Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the contours or the surface of the body. (wikidoc.org)
  • Human anatomy, including gross human anatomy and histology, is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body. (wikidoc.org)
  • In a cross-sectional study in 2010, 276 men and 281 women were recruited at pre-marital counselling courses and completed a 33-item anonymous questionnaire in private. (who.int)
  • A panel of 10 experts who were public health and can significantly In this cross-sectional study, a consecu- specialized in SRH issues investigated influence general well-being and tive sample of 600 men and women the content validity of the question- the overall quality of life of all men who were engaged to be married and naire and reviewed the test specifica- and women [1]. (who.int)
  • a cross-sectional study was conducted with professionals from various neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in public and private hospitals in the state of São Paulo, based on an online questionnaire that assessed health professionals' knowledge about the position of premature newborns. (bvsalud.org)
  • Online edition (thoroughly revised) of the classic 1918 publication of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body. (sfbayradiological.org)
  • Human heart and lungs, from an older edition of Gray's Anatomy . (wikidoc.org)
  • The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy , has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format, [2] [3] in line with modern teaching methods. (wikidoc.org)
  • Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. (wikidoc.org)
  • The goal of this website is to help students learn the cross-sectional anatomy of the distal thoracic limb of the horse and to introduce cross-sectional imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT, an. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such the reflected waves are digitalized and thousands of abnormalities include osteochondrodysplasia, club such measurements generate an ultrasound cross- foot, arthrogryposis and other limb anomalies sectional image which is then recorded on the associated with congenital or chromosomal monitor and can be interpreted.2 abnormalities (fig 1a & b). (who.int)
  • When a thoracic herniated disc compresses or irritates a nearby nerve root as it branches off the spinal cord en route to exiting the central canal, it can cause thoracic radiculopathy. (spine-health.com)
  • calls for sound knowledge of cross-sectional Indications For Ultrasound In Orthopaedic anatomy and dynamic imaging for proper and Practice accurate diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Clinical Anatomy, 18, 613-617. (ejmste.com)
  • Throughout the book new clinical application boxes and radiology images explain how anatomy relates to clinical medical practice. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
  • Learn the anatomy and physiology of structures located close to the body's surface. (fvi.edu)
  • Human anatomy , physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. (wikidoc.org)
  • Human Anatomy & Physiology Society A society to promote communication among teachers of human anatomy and physiology in colleges, universities, and related institutions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Knowledge and understanding of general anatomy, physiology and medical terminology. (mvmedicalcenter.com)
  • [1] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems. (wikidoc.org)
  • It includes more than 350 axial CT views with anatomy, as well as more than 700 anatomical structures along with descriptions, according to developer iCat Medical Software, a U.K.-based mobile app firm. (auntminnie.com)
  • Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals. (wikidoc.org)
  • In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology , comparative anatomy and comparative embryology , [1] through common roots in evolution . (wikidoc.org)
  • Home Basic Medical Sciences Anatomy Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy VOL 2 16th Edition PDF Free Download. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
  • In this article, we are sharing with our audience the high-definition PDF download of Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy VOL 2 16th Edition PDF using direct links which can be found at the end of this blog post. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
  • Now before that we share the free PDF download of Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy VOL 2 16th Edition PDF with you, let's take a look into few of the important details regarding this ebook. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
  • The new 16th edition of Cunningham's has been thoroughly revised for the modern-day anatomy student. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
  • Alright, now in this part of the article, you will be able to access the free PDF download of Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy VOL 2 16th Edition PDF using our direct links mentioned at the end of this article. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
  • Basic atlas of cross-sectional anatomy / Walter J. Bo, Isadore Meschan, Wayne A. Krueger. (who.int)
  • The site provides a sectional atlas of the normal canine lumbosacral spine in three planes: transverse, sagittal, and dorsal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mar 18th, 2023Anatomy A Photographic Atlas Color Atlas Of Anatomy A ...Pdf Free. (gov.vn)
  • Color Atlas Of Anatomy Johannes W Rohen 9781582558561. (gov.vn)
  • Pdf Anatomy A Photographic Atlas 8e Ebook Free Download. (gov.vn)
  • Dog Anatomy A Coloring Atlas Pdf. (gov.vn)
  • Anatomy A Photographic Atlas By Rohen 9781451193183. (gov.vn)
  • This Pocket Atlas Is Your Best Way To Reference Anatomy On The Go! (gov.vn)
  • 3D Anatomy Atlas. (gov.vn)
  • Atlas Of Human Anatomy Imaging Atlas Of Human …Atlas Of Human Anatomy E-Book - Digital EBook The Only Anatomy Atlas Illustrated By Physicians, Atlas Of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Brings You World-renowned, Exquisitely Clear Views Of The Human Body With A Clinical Perspective. (gov.vn)
  • Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different races of humans. (wikidoc.org)
  • Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cross-sectional images allow medical professionals to identify abnormalities not visible from the outside. (fvi.edu)
  • We chatted recently with George Michalopoulos, a software developer and iCat's CEO, to learn more about CT Anatomy. (auntminnie.com)
  • The purpose of this research was to enable anyone to learn the sectional anatomy of the head anywhere, anytime by presenting software to browse sectioned images on a Google Android mobile device. (intjmorphol.com)
  • and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy with practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers (dead human bodies). (wikidoc.org)
  • Sound knowledge of anatomy and careful frequency sound energy of 1 - 10 mHz in the dynamic imaging are needed for proper and accurate diagnosis and management of a variety of disorders. (who.int)
  • [1] With knowledge of superficial anatomy, physicians or veterinary surgeons gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures. (wikidoc.org)
  • A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by all medical doctors , especially surgeons , and doctors working in some diagnostic specialities, such as histopathology and radiology . (wikidoc.org)
  • Possesses a high level of knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy. (mvmedicalcenter.com)
  • Both men and women had low scores on knowledge of genital anatomy, sexually transmitted infections and contraceptive use. (who.int)
  • the questionnaire and provided useful ing basic knowledge of the anatomy feedback. (who.int)
  • There are few cross-sectional studies that assess this relationship. (cdc.gov)
  • Sectional Anatomy of the structures of the Abdomen as viewed with CT and MR imaging. (merlot.org)
  • With CT Anatomy, the user can follow an anatomical structure through its course and understand better its relationship with other adjacent structures. (auntminnie.com)
  • The history of anatomy has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body. (wikidoc.org)
  • By learning normal CT anatomy, you are taking the first step toward correct diagnosis. (auntminnie.com)
  • 3D Modeled By Physicians And Anatomy Experts. (gov.vn)
  • Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy , 10 (2), 73-75. (banglajol.info)
  • International Journal of Anatomy and Research. (who.int)
  • Anatomy of basilar artery and its branches are very complex and variable. (banglajol.info)
  • Many universities are already using CT Anatomy for training purposes by using the QuizMe mode in the app. (auntminnie.com)
  • The mobile version of the software will aid medical students and doctors in learning sectional anatomy. (intjmorphol.com)
  • Based on the results, the medical students' views on the blended anatomy course were classified into 8 categories: 1) visuality 2) content 3) effective learning 4) expectations from blended learning 5) accessibility 6) motivation 7) new perspective for the students and 8) continuity. (ejmste.com)
  • However, we soon realized that the Visible Human Project did not contain all parts of the human anatomy, and we wanted our images to have a consistency and continuity. (auntminnie.com)
  • Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. (bvsalud.org)
  • Contains basic anatomy of the entire body using cadaveric, MRI, and CT images. (sfbayradiological.org)
  • A CT Anatomy app can't deviate much from its intended purpose, which is to demonstrate the anatomy of the human body. (auntminnie.com)
  • They are often involved in teaching anatomy, and research into certain systems, organs, tissues or cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy (2011). (ejmste.com)
  • For example, we had an email from a radiologist who is using the app for educating patients and showing them what normal anatomy looks like. (auntminnie.com)
  • In this installment, we take a look at CT Anatomy, an iOS app that offers a cross-sectional guide of normal anatomy as seen on CT. (auntminnie.com)
  • CT Anatomy helps educate the user on normal human anatomy as seen on the CT. (auntminnie.com)
  • Normal infraspinatus muscle as shown on the CT Anatomy iOS app. (auntminnie.com)
  • Contains sections on anatomy (including echocardiography), imaging findings, tutorial on different imaging technologies, and extensive case index. (sfbayradiological.org)
  • Online Anatomy Lab (OAL): A Self-Regulated Approach to the Instruction of Human Anatomy. (ejmste.com)
  • It requires a positive and classes provide information regarding to identify unclear or vague questions respectful approach to sexuality and genital anatomy, STI, contraceptive and to give comments on terms that sexual relationships, as well as the pos- use and sexual relationships of couples. (who.int)
  • Development of Instructional, Interactive, Multimedia Anatomy Dissection Software: A Student-Led Initiative. (ejmste.com)
  • AuntMinnie: Could you share some background on iCat Medical Software, the company that developed CT Anatomy? (auntminnie.com)
  • We thought that displaying drawings or illustrations of the human anatomy has no practical use in the day-to-day work environment -- you're never going to see any illustrations in real-life CT scans! (auntminnie.com)
  • It is a general term that includes human anatomy , animal anatomy ( zootomy ) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). (wikidoc.org)
  • Anatomy (from the Greek Template:Polytonic anatomia , from Template:Polytonic ana: separate, apart from, and temnein , to cut up, cut open) is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the structure of living things . (wikidoc.org)
  • Of the 20 questions presented, the average number of correct answers was 83% (16), the ones related to the nest method and the kangaroo position were all correct, the question regarding the anatomy of the premature presented the greatest error, 81% of the participants wrongly stated that epiglottis of the premature is shorter compared to that of the adult. (bvsalud.org)