Anatomy cross sectional. Medical search

Anatomy: A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.Anatomy, Comparative: The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)Red Cross: International collective of humanitarian organizations led by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter and the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross Movement, to provide relief to victims of disaster and help people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies.Anatomy, Artistic: The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.Anatomy, Cross-Sectional: Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)Dissection: The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.Models, Anatomic: Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans: Prepaid health and hospital insurance plan.Cross Reactions: Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.Crosses, Genetic: Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.Medical Illustration: The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.Anatomy, Regional: The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Anatomy, Veterinary: The study of the anatomical structures of animals.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Image Processing, Computer-Assisted: A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.Fossils: Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.History, 16th Century: Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.History, 17th Century: Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.Medicine in Art Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Quantitative Trait Loci: Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Skull: The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Receptor Cross-Talk: The simultaneous or sequential binding of multiple cell surface receptors to different ligands resulting in coordinated stimulation or suppression of signal transduction.Atlases as Topic: Collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Phlebography: Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.Computer-Assisted Instruction: A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.Terminology as Topic: The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.Dinosaurs: General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.Veins: The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.Hybridization, Genetic: The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Ligaments, Articular: Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.Pelvis: The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Physiology: The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Fascia: Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.Cerebral Veins: Veins draining the cerebrum.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.History, 18th Century: Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Corrosion Casting: A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.Image Enhancement: Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.Biological Evolution: The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Petrous Bone: The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.Education, Medical, Undergraduate: The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Heart Defects, Congenital: Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.History, 15th Century: Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.Mesophyll Cells: Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.Visible Human Projects: Digital image data sets, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Vocabulary, Controlled: A specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when CATALOGING; ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING; or searching BOOKS; JOURNALS AS TOPIC; and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings (SUBJECT HEADINGS). The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)History, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.Surgery, Computer-Assisted: Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.Sculpture Cross Protection: Protection conferred on a host by inoculation with one strain or component of a microorganism that prevents infection when later challenged with a similar strain. Most commonly the microorganism is a virus.Teaching: The educational process of instructing.Head: The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.Famous Persons PaintingsProspective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Skull Base: The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.Cystic Duct: The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.Otologic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Brain Mapping: Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.Temporal Bone: Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Coronary Sinus: A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Occipital Bone: Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.Alligators and Crocodiles: Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.Blood-Brain Barrier: Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.Diagnostic Imaging: Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.Education, Medical: Use for general articles concerning medical education.Vascular Malformations: A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.Histology: The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.Heart Atria: The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Heart Septum: This structure includes the thin muscular atrial septum between the two HEART ATRIA, and the thick muscular ventricular septum between the two HEART VENTRICLES.Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.Masticatory Muscles: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular: Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.Hyoid Bone: A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Prosthesis Design: The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.Neural Pathways: Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.Coronary Vessel Anomalies: Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.Contrast Media: Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Back: The rear surface of an upright primate from the shoulders to the hip, or the dorsal surface of tetrapods.Cross Circulation: The circulation in a portion of the body of one individual of blood supplied from another individual.Neck: The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.Hybrid Vigor: The adaptive superiority of the heterozygous GENOTYPE with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding HOMOZYGOTE.Ultrasonography, Prenatal: The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Chenopodiaceae: The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes beets and chard (BETA VULGARIS), as well as SPINACH, and salt tolerant plants.Circle of Willis: A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.Students, Medical: Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.Forelimb: A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Larynx: A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.Hepatic Veins: Veins which drain the liver.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Persia: An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)Aortography: Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.Educational Measurement: The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Genetic Markers: A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.Phantoms, Imaging: Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)Curriculum: A course of study offered by an educational institution.Thorax: The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Nasal Cavity: The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.Situs Inversus: A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins.Tomography, Spiral Computed: Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.Lumbosacral Plexus: The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Transposition of Great Vessels: A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.User-Computer Interface: The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.History, Medieval: The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Blood Vessel Prosthesis: Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.Jaw: Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.Observer Variation: The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).Pulmonary Veins: The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.Pelvic Floor: Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.Heart Ventricles: The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation: Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.Cardiac Catheters: Catheters inserted into various locations within the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.X-Ray Microtomography: X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.Breeding: The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Artificial Intelligence: Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.Genetic Linkage: The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Cervical Atlas: The first cervical vertebra.Hominidae: Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).Epiglottis: A thin leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered with LARYNGEAL MUCOSA and situated posterior to the root of the tongue and HYOID BONE. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back over the larynx inlet thus prevents foods from entering the airway.Cyperaceae: The sedge plant family of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Classification: The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.Fetus: The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Microsurgery: The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.Functional Laterality: Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Hepatic Artery: A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.Mice, Inbred C57BL Schools, Medical: Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.Paleontology: The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.History, Ancient: The period of history before 500 of the common era.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Tooth: One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.Cerebral Cortex: The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.Histology, Comparative: The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of homologous tissues across various species.Inbreeding: The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.Quantitative Trait, Heritable: A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Anatomic Variation: Peculiarities associated with the internal structure, form, topology, or architecture of organisms that distinguishes them from others of the same species or group.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Chromosomes, Plant: Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.Neurosurgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Xylem: Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.Mandible: The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

Plaque area increase and vascular remodeling contribute to lumen area change after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: an intravascular ultrasound study. (1/356)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the change in lumen area (LA), plaque area (PLA), and vessel area (VA) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the femoropopliteal artery. METHODS: This was a prospective study. Twenty patients were studied with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) immediately after PTA and at follow-up examination. Multiple corresponding IVUS cross-sections were analyzed at the segments that were dilated by PTA (ie, treated sites; n = 168), including the most stenotic site (n = 20) and the nondilated segments (ie, reference sites; n = 77). RESULTS: At follow-up examination, both the PLA increase (13%) and the VA decrease (9%) resulted in a significant LA decrease (43%) at the most stenotic sites (P =.001). At the treated sites, the LA decrease (15%) was smaller and was caused by the PLA increase (15%). At the reference sites, the PLA increase (15%) and the VA increase (6%) resulted in a slight LA decrease (3%). An analysis of the IVUS cross-sections that were grouped according to LA change (difference >/=10%) revealed a similar PLA increase in all the groups: the type of vascular remodeling (VA decrease, no change, or increase) determined the LA change. At the treated sites, the LA change and the VA change correlated closely (r = 0.77, P <.001). At the treated sites, significantly more PLA increase was seen in the IVUS cross-sections that showed hard lesion or media rupture (P <.05). No relationship was found between the presence of dissection and the quantitative changes. CONCLUSION: At the most stenotic sites, lumen narrowing was caused by plaque increase and vessel shrinkage. Both the treated sites and the reference sites showed a significant PLA increase: the type of vascular remodeling determined the LA change at follow-up examination. The extent of the PLA increase was significantly larger in the IVUS cross-sections that showed hard lesion or media rupture. (+info)

Prenatal diagnosis of a lean umbilical cord: a simple marker for the fetus at risk of being small for gestational age at birth. (2/356)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the prenatal diagnosis of a 'lean' umbilical cord in otherwise normal fetuses identifies fetuses at risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) at birth and of having distress in labor. The umbilical cord was defined as lean when its cross-sectional area on ultrasound examination was below the 10th centile for gestational age. METHOD: Pregnant women undergoing routine sonographic examination were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were gestational age greater than 20 weeks, intact membranes, and singleton gestation. The sonographic cross-sectional area of the umbilical cord was measured in a plane adjacent to the insertion into the fetal abdomen. Umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were recorded during fetal apnea and fetal anthropometric parameters were measured. RESULTS: During the study period, 860 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 3.6% delivered a SGA infant. The proportion of SGA infants was higher among fetuses who had a lean umbilical cord on ultrasound examination than among those with a normal umbilical cord (11.5% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.05). Fetuses with a lean cord had a risk 4.4-fold higher of being SGA at birth than those with a normal umbilical cord. After 25 weeks of gestation, this risk was 12.4 times higher when the umbilical cord was lean than when it was of normal size. The proportion of fetuses with meconium-stained amniotic fluid at delivery was higher among fetuses with a lean cord than among those with a normal umbilical cord (14.6% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001). The proportion of infants who had a 5-min Apgar score < 7 was higher among those who had a lean cord than among those with normal umbilical cord (5.2% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.05). Considering only patients admitted in labor with intact membranes and who delivered an appropriate-for-gestational-age infant, the proportion of fetuses who had oligohydramnios at the time of delivery was higher among those who had a lean cord than among those with a normal umbilical cord (17.6% versus 1.3%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that fetuses with a lean umbilical cord have an increased risk of being small for gestational age at birth and of having signs of distress at the time of delivery. (+info)

Velocity associated characteristics of force production in college weight lifters. (3/356)

OBJECTIVE: To determine velocity specific isokinetic forces and cross sectional areas of reciprocal muscle groups in Olympic weight lifters. METHODS: The cross sectional area of the flexor or extensor muscles of the elbow or knee joint was determined by a B-mode ultrasonic apparatus in 34 college weight lifters and 31 untrained male subjects matched for age. Maximum voluntary force produced in the flexion and extension of the elbow and knee joints was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60, 180, and 300 degrees/s. RESULTS: The average cross sectional area was 31-65% higher, and the force was 19-62% higher in weight lifters than in the untrained subjects. The ratio of force to cross sectional area was the same in both groups. The weight lifters showed a lower velocity associated decline in force than untrained subjects in the elbow and knee flexors but not in the extensors. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that for muscle contractions with velocities between 60 degrees/s and 300 degrees/s the difference in isokinetic force between weight lifters and untrained subjects can be primarily attributed to the difference in the muscle cross sectional area. However, the lower velocity associated decline in force implies that weight lifters may have a higher force per cross sectional area than untrained subjects at velocities above 300 degrees/s. (+info)

Sonographic incidence of tendon microtears in athletes with chronic Achilles tendinosis. (4/356)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the number and distribution of tendon microtears in asymptomatic controls and athletes with chronic Achilles tendinitis or partial thickness tears using high resolution ultrasound. METHODS: The mean number of microtears in three random tendon cross sections were recorded per tendon third in 19 asymptomatic volunteers, 16 athletes with symptomatic chronic Achilles tendinitis, and eight athletes with partial Achilles tendon rupture. RESULTS: Microtears were most numerous in the middle third section of the Achilles tendon. Some 67% of tendons in the control group had no microtears, and 28% showed a single microtear. Only 18% of the athletes with chronic Achilles tendinitis and none of the athletes with partial tendon rupture were without microtears in the middle third of their Achilles tendon. Of the tendons with chronic tendinitis, 13% had more than three microtears per section which increased to 87% in tendons exhibiting partial rupture. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be an association between microtear formation and Achilles tendon rupture. (+info)

Angiographic abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an explanation based on neuropathologic findings. (5/356)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is typically occult at angiography and fails to enhance on MR images. After observing angiographic abnormalities characterized by arteriovenous shunting and pathologic parenchymal blush in patients with AIDS-related PML, often in the absence of contrast enhancement on MR images, we hypothesized that there might be distinct changes in the cerebral microvasculature that account for the reduction in vascular transit time (arteriovenous shunting) in the absence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. METHODS: The imaging studies and neuropathologic specimens of six patients with biopsy-proved PML were reviewed retrospectively. In all patients contrast-enhanced MR imaging and CT, followed by cerebral angiography, were performed before stereotactically directed biopsy. The angiograms were evaluated for the presence of vascular displacement, pathologic parenchymal blush, arteriovenous shunting, and neovascularity. The CT and MR studies were reviewed for the presence of enhancement of the PML lesions. Biopsy specimens were examined for the presence of necrosis, perivascular inflammation, and neovascularity. RESULTS: All patients had oligodendrocytic intranuclear inclusions diagnostic of PML, together with perivascular inflammation and neovascularity to a varying extent; no other neuropathologic processes were identified. Angiographic abnormalities, characterized by a pathologic parenchymal blush and arteriovenous shunting, were identified in four of the six patients. In only one of these cases, however, was abnormal enhancement identified on cross-sectional imaging studies (MR and CT), and this patient had florid perivascular inflammatory infiltrates histologically. CONCLUSION: The pathologic parenchymal blush and arteriovenous shunting seen angiographically in some patients with PML reflect small-vessel proliferation and perivascular inflammatory changes incited by the presence of the JC virus in infected oligodendrocytes. (+info)

A surgical pathology system for gross specimen examination. (6/356)

The concepts used in the storage of still digital images obtained during gross specimen examination of tissues and organs in surgical pathology using a digital camera are described. We address the technical aspects related with the implementation of a prototype tool to assist the pathologist during the sampling process as well the logic archive support to store the acquired images. We describe, also, the hypermedia concepts that allow the navigation and the efficient examination of the information contained in the stored images. The advantages, the technological and human limitations, and the effects of using images in the documentation of a case are also discussed. (+info)

Anatomical information in radiation treatment planning. (7/356)

We report on experience and insights gained from prototyping, for clinical radiation oncologists, a new access tool for the University of Washington Digital Anatomist information resources. This access tool is designed to integrate with a radiation therapy planning (RTP) system in use in a clinical setting. We hypothesize that the needs of practitioners in a clinical setting are different from the needs of students, the original targeted users of the Digital Anatomist system, but that a common knowledge resource can serve both. Our prototype was designed to help define those differences and study the feasibility of a full anatomic reference system that will support both clinical radiation therapy and all the existing educational applications. (+info)

The Virtual Pelvic Floor, a tele-immersive educational environment. (8/356)

This paper describes the development of the Virtual Pelvic Floor, a new method of teaching the complex anatomy of the pelvic region utilizing virtual reality and advanced networking technology. Virtual reality technology allows improved visualization of three-dimensional structures over conventional media because it supports stereo vision, viewer-centered perspective, large angles of view, and interactivity. Two or more ImmersaDesk systems, drafting table format virtual reality displays, are networked together providing an environment where teacher and students share a high quality three-dimensional anatomical model, and are able to converse, see each other, and to point in three dimensions to indicate areas of interest. This project was realized by the teamwork of surgeons, medical artists and sculptors, computer scientists, and computer visualization experts. It demonstrates the future of virtual reality for surgical education and applications for the Next Generation Internet. (+info)

Brain morphometry

... or cross-sectional (across brains). Second, brain image data can be acquired using different neuroimaging modalities. Third, ... One such deformation is the right invariant metric of computational anatomy which generalizes the metric of non-compressible ... often combined with cross-sectional approaches and other neuroimaging modalities) of normal brain development in humans. Using ... Grenander, Ulf; Miller, Michael I. (1998-12-01). "Computational Anatomy: An Emerging Discipline". Q. Appl. Math. LVI (4): 617- ...

Neck

American Head and Neck Society The Anatomy Wiz. An Interactive Cross-Sectional Anatomy Atlas. ... In anatomy, the neck is also called by its Latin names, cervix or collum, although when used alone, in context, the word cervix ...

Rod Rohrich

Results of Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Lower Eyelid Fat Pads." Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 29(3):189-193. May/June 2009 Rod J ... Vascular Anatomy and Indications in Breast Reconstruction." [French] Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique, 55(2):87-96 ... Publications from Rohrich and associates have included landmark papers in facial fracture repair, nasal anatomy and concepts of ...

Sonographer

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Stereolithography

This data consists of a series of cross sectional images of the human anatomy. In these images different tissues show up as ... Reproduction accuracy". Surgical & Radiologic Anatomy. 19 (3): 193-9. Winder, RJ; Bibb, R (2009). "A Review of the Issues ...

Orthopedic cast

... the use of ether anaesthesia into Russia and made important contributions to the study of cross-sectional human anatomy. With ...

Frontal lobe

March 1992). "Quantitative cerebral anatomy of the aging human brain: a cross-sectional study using magnetic resonance imaging ...

List of MeSH codes (G01)

... anatomy, comparative MeSH G01.100.185 --- anatomy, cross-sectional MeSH G01.100.185.900 --- visible human project MeSH G01.100. ... 216 --- anatomy, regional MeSH G01.100.279 --- anatomy, veterinary MeSH G01.100.433 --- cytology MeSH G01.100.529 --- ... File "2006 MeSH Trees".) MeSH G01.100.091 --- anatomy, artistic MeSH G01.100.154 --- ...

Max Brödel

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Kasturba Medical College, Manipal

Sectional anatomy, Nervous system, Developmental Anatomy and Comparative Anatomy. Though the specimens and models are ... The museum also displays cross sectional specimens, radiographs, skeletons of human and other vertebrates, radiographs and ... "Museum of Anatomy and Pathology". Manipal University. "Manipal: Renovated Anatomy Museum attracts large number of visitors". ... The museum is divided into two main sections: Anatomy and Pathology. The anatomy section displays specimens of normal human ...

Visible Human Project

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Thyroarytenoid muscle

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Root canal

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Extensor tendon compartments of the wrist

Cross-sectional drawing showing the locations of the extensor tendon compartments Lateral view of a dissection showing the ... All-in-One Anatomy Exam Review. Vol. 1 Back and Upper Limb) Netter, Frank (2014). Atlas of Human Anatomy (sixth ed.). ...

Muscle architecture

Muscle volume is determined by the cross-sectional area. Anatomical cross-sectional area is C S A = V l {\displaystyle CSA={\ ... Fiber length is also a key variable in muscle anatomy. Fiber length is the product of both the number of sarcomeres in series ... the anatomical cross-sectional area cannot be used as in parallel fibered muscles. Instead, the physiological cross-sectional ... These muscles are often used for fast or extensive movements and can be measured by the anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA). ...

Anterior commissure

... that its cross-sectional area is larger in women than in men. Also, a study by Lasco et al. (2002) said: We examined the cross- ... 2002 May 17;936(1-2):95-8. Overview at University of Cambridge "Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3". Roche Lexicon - illustrated ... sectional area of the AC in postmortem material from 120 individuals, and found no variation in the size of the AC with age, ... commissure corpus callosum This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) ...

Periodontal curette

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Spinal cord

... Sectional Anatomy. Animation in the reference. Diagrams of the spinal cord. Cross-section through the spinal cord ... Cross-section of rabbit spinal cord. Cross-section of adult mouse spinal cord: astrocytes (red) and neurons (green) Cross ... Cross-sections of the spinal cord at varying levels. Cervical vertebra A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral ... Anatomy and Physiology, 5th Ed. Le, Tao (10 January 2014). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2014 / Edition 24. McGraw-Hill ...

Bioarchaeology

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Selective internal radiation therapy

Y-90 microsphere treatment requires patient-individualized planning with cross-sectional imaging and arteriograms. Contrast ... These studies allow for documentation of the gastrointestinal vascular anatomy and flow characteristics. Extrahepatic vessels ...

Skeletal changes of organisms transitioning from water to land

The tubular lower jaw of the Elginerpeton, compared to the flat-lamina jaw shape of fishes gave it superior cross-sectional ... In the tetrapod and higher clades from the lower-middle Famennian there are several defining changes on the basis of anatomy of ... Transitional feeding changes can be observed by examining cross sectional morphology of a suture in taxa of the fish-tetrapod ...

Veterinary medicine

... a cross-sectional survey of ten leading veterinary and medical journals". PeerJ. 4: e1649. doi:10.7717/peerj.1649. PMC 4734056 ... It was the first comprehensive treatise on the anatomy of a non-human species. The first veterinary college was founded in Lyon ... Meanwhile, Carlo Ruini's book Anatomia del Cavallo, (Anatomy of the Horse) was published in 1598. ... Aspinall, Victoria; Cappello, Melanie; Bowden, Sally (2009), Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Textbook, ...

Siemens Healthineers

MRI scanners produce high-quality cross-sectional images without exposing patients to radiation. The sectional images displayed ... In doing so, the combination system gives a more detailed image of anatomy and biological function. Time magazine named the ... employee donations to the American Red Cross Disaster Relief Fund. After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, Siemens Healthineers ...

Pennate muscle

The muscle cross sectional area (blue line in figure 1, also known as anatomical cross section area, or ACSA) does not ... Frederick H. Martini, Fundamentals Of Anatomy And Physiology. Jacob Wilson, Abcbodybuilding, The Journal of HYPERplasia ... This measure is known as the physiological cross sectional area (PCSA), and is commonly calculated and defined by the following ... Assessment of human knee extensor muscles stress from in vivo physiological cross-sectional area and strength measurements. ...

Max Fürbringer

His evolutionary tree branched in three dimensions which he represented by means of side and cross-sectional views. This ... Zur vergleichenden Anatomie des Brustschulterapparates und der Schultermuskeln ("Comparative anatomy of the breast-shoulder ... Front view of tree Rear view of tree Cross section, lower Cross section, middle Cross section, upper As a defender of Gegenbaur ... Vergleichende Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Excretionsorgane der Vertebraten ("Comparative anatomy and history of ...

Childbirth

... a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 4 (1): e004017. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004017. PMC 3902513 . PMID 24435892. Archived from ... 1973). Gray's Anatomy (35th British ed.). London: Longman. p. 1046. ISBN 978-0-443-01011-8. "Mortality and Burden of Disease ... Medicine administered via epidural can cross the placenta and enter the bloodstream of the fetus. Epidural analgesia has no ...

Triangular interval

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MRAD215 - Cross Sectional Anatomy - NAIT

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CT Scan Cross Sectional Anatomy - Free Android app | AppBrain

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Spinal Cord Segments - Cross-sectional Anatomy

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Arterial supply to the pancreas; variations and cross-sectional anatomy.

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Re: what are the white lines in cross sectional views in greys anatomy

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PPT - Cross Sectional Anatomy Body PowerPoint Presentation - ID:4521940

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Cross Sectional Anatomy of the Body: MDCT Atlas - CTisus.com CT Scanning

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Cross Sectional Anatomy Tutor: An Interactive Course for Anatomy Education and Evaluation | The Journal of the American...

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Thorax of the dog: cross-sectional anatomy on Computed Tomography (CT)

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Cross sectional anatomy | Kenhub

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Cross-sectional anatomy of the brain

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Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cross-sectional views of the anatomy of normal nasal cavities and...

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Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Cerebrum An interactive lession about the cross-sectional anatomy of the Cerebrum, Diencephalon ... Sectional Anatomy - Labeling Exercises of the Pelvis Sectional Anatomy of the structures of the Pelvis as viewed with CT and MR ... Sectional Anatomy - Labeling Exercises of the Thorax Sectional Anatomy of the structures of the Thorax as viewed with CT and MR ... Sectional Anatomy - Labeling Exercises of the Abdomen Sectional Anatomy of the structures of the Abdomen as viewed with CT and ...

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Cross-sectional, Primary Care-Based Study of the Prevalence of Hypoandrogenemia in Nondiabetic Young Men with Obesity.

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DUTEC-Diagnostic Ultrasound Classes at Bellevue College

DUTEC 107 Human Cross-Sectional Anatomy • 7 Cr. Covers the human anatomy from the cross-sectional perspective in longitudinal, ... Presents the anatomy and pathophysiology of small human body parts. Intraoperative scanning focuses on surgical procedures. ... Students focus on anatomy, physiology, pathology, and echocardiographic pattern recognition. Prerequisite: Acceptance into ... Includes PV arterial and venous anatomy, physiology, disease and treatment. Advanced concepts in trans-cranial Doppler will be ...

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DUTEC-Diagnostic Ultrasound Classes at Bellevue College

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Complications of Interventional Cardiovascular Procedures A Case-Based Atlas-9781936287185|Demos Medical Publishing

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http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1042

Tomography Anatomical Cadaveric Proximal Descriptive Atlas Transverse Magnetic Nasal Axial Anatomic Images Body Clinical Anterior Image Patients Area Normal Structures Detail Single Major Medical Students Essential Easy

Schematic line tomography (CT) as an integral part of our drawings are also generously used to il diagnostic armamentarium was based on its lustrate particularly complex anatomic re ability to display cross-sectional anatomy gions and help the reader obtain a correct with near anatomic precision. (waterstones.com)
In this module of the animal atlas vet-Anatomy is displayed the cross-sectional labeled anatomy canine thorax on a Computed Tomography (CT) and on 3D images of the thorax of the dog. (imaios.com)
In addition, modern imaging techniques like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are based on cross sectional anatomy. (kenhub.com)
A guide for using NIH Image J for single slice cross-sectional area and composition analysis of the thigh from computed tomography. (bioportfolio.com)

The analysis of cross-sectional anatomical images is an excellent supplementary method of teaching anatomy to students, and this user friendly pocket guide is an excellent reference and pedagogical tool. (valorebooks.com)
Cross-sections are two-dimensional, axial views of gross anatomical structures seen in transverse planes . (kenhub.com)
Cross-sections provide the perception of 'depth' , creating three-dimensional relationships between anatomical structures in your mind's eye. (kenhub.com)

This article will describe classical cadaveric cross sections taken at various levels of the human body. (kenhub.com)
Cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the wrist: Comparison of sonographic, MRI, and cadaveric measurements. (bioportfolio.com)
This study compares median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements at the wrist obtained with ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using cadaveric measurements as the gold standa. (bioportfolio.com)

Cross-sectional Area Just Proximal to the Carpal Tunnel According to the Ulnar Variances: Positive Ulnar Variance and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. (bioportfolio.com)

Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. (bioportfolio.com)
METHODOLOGY-Forty embalmed hemipelvices obtained from the Department of Human anatomy at Moi University were used for this descriptive cross sectional study. (ac.ke)

We have created a brain atlas that which is an interactive tool for studying the conventional anatomy of the normal brain based on a magnetic resonance imaging exam of the axial brain. (imaios.com)

In order to appreciate the overall transverse anatomy of this organ, we'll examine an axial view through the thalamus . (kenhub.com)
Covers the human anatomy from the cross-sectional perspective in longitudinal, transverse, coronal, and oblique planes. (bellevuecollege.edu)

We evaluated the relationship between the area around the distal radioulnar joint according to the ulnar variances and the cross-sectional area using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in this pro. (bioportfolio.com)

Publications from Rohrich and associates have included landmark papers in facial fracture repair, nasal anatomy and concepts of rhinoplasty, body contouring surgery and liposuction, injectable fillers, patient safety initiatives, medical education, and breast surgery. (wikipedia.org)

In full colour throughout, the book contains a figure and description on each page, of images of normal axial CT anatomy. (valorebooks.com)
Before diving into the deep end, it's important to understand the general orientation of axial anatomy. (kenhub.com)

The clinical acceptance of computed anatomic cross-sections. (waterstones.com)

CTA images were evaluated to clarify the cross-sectional anatomy of the pancreatic arterial territory. (biomedsearch.com)

Recognize and identify the cross-sectional anatomy of major body areas such as the head, chest, spine, and abdomen as identified by the Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists (CAMRT). (nait.ca)
This means that structures on the right side of the patient's body will be on the left side of the cross-sectional image, and vice-versa. (kenhub.com)
Presents the anatomy and pathophysiology of small human body parts. (bellevuecollege.edu)

During this time they enhance and polish the skills they previously learned, prepare to perform complete sonographic examinations as performed in real clinical settings, and advance their knowledge in recognizing anatomy and disease states using a variety of equipment in the ultrasound scanning suite. (rit.edu)

If you remember the anatomy of the neurocranium, the anterior bone of the forehead ( frontal bone ) contains a large cavity ( frontal sinus ). (kenhub.com)

Knowledge of pancreatic arterial anatomy and arterial territory is important not only to perform pancreatic arterial intervention, but to read the pancreatic angiography and cross-sectional image. (biomedsearch.com)

Decreased Lean Psoas Cross-sectional Area is Associated with Increased One-year All-cause Mortality in Male Elderly Orthopaedic Trauma Patients. (bioportfolio.com)
To investigate the association between lean psoas Cross-sectional Area (CSA) and one-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients sustaining pelvic and long bone fractures. (bioportfolio.com)

Mean cross-sectional area and mean attenuation values are presented across seven defined Hounsfield unit (HU) ranges along with the percent contribution of each region to the total mid-thigh area. (bioportfolio.com)

the radiologist must first be knowledgeable The book successfully presents a clear per of the complexities of normal anatomy be spective on the anatomy we see daily in fore he can truly make full use of this tech using cross-sectional imaging techniques. (waterstones.com)

We will start with a cross section of the head, where the different structures of the brain are visible. (kenhub.com)
Sectional Anatomy of the structures of the Abdomen as viewed with CT and MR imaging. (merlot.org)
Sectional Anatomy of the structures of the Thorax as viewed with CT and MR imaging. (merlot.org)

The importance of sectional anatomy has already been explored in detail. (kenhub.com)

Every single cross section is viewed from the feet of the patient in a supine position (lying horizontally on his/her back). (kenhub.com)

If you imagine the cross section as an onion, three major 'layers' can be observed, from exterior to interior: external soft tissues, neurocranium and brain. (kenhub.com)

This book will be valued by students of anatomy as a learning tool and by qualified medical professionals as a handy reference manualKarthikeyan, D. is the author of 'Step by Step Cross Sectional Anatomy ', published 2006 under ISBN 9781904798804 and ISBN 1904798802. (valorebooks.com)

Therefore, cross-sections are essential for establishing a precise diagnosis, planning therapy and performing radiologically guided interventions. (kenhub.com)

Orienting yourself within such a cross section is easy. (kenhub.com)

Plaque area increase and vascular remodeling contribute to lumen area change after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: an intravascular ultrasound study. (1/356)

Prenatal diagnosis of a lean umbilical cord: a simple marker for the fetus at risk of being small for gestational age at birth. (2/356)

Velocity associated characteristics of force production in college weight lifters. (3/356)

Sonographic incidence of tendon microtears in athletes with chronic Achilles tendinosis. (4/356)

Angiographic abnormalities in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an explanation based on neuropathologic findings. (5/356)

A surgical pathology system for gross specimen examination. (6/356)

Anatomical information in radiation treatment planning. (7/356)

The Virtual Pelvic Floor, a tele-immersive educational environment. (8/356)

Brain morphometry

Neck

Rod Rohrich

Sonographer

Stereolithography

Orthopedic cast

Frontal lobe

List of MeSH codes (G01)

Max Brödel

Kasturba Medical College, Manipal

Visible Human Project

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Root canal

Extensor tendon compartments of the wrist

Muscle architecture

Anterior commissure

Periodontal curette

Spinal cord

Bioarchaeology

Selective internal radiation therapy

Skeletal changes of organisms transitioning from water to land

Veterinary medicine

Siemens Healthineers

Pennate muscle

Max Fürbringer

Childbirth

Triangular interval

MRAD215 - Cross Sectional Anatomy - NAIT

CT Scan Cross Sectional Anatomy - Free Android app | AppBrain

Spinal Cord Segments - Cross-sectional Anatomy

Arterial supply to the pancreas; variations and cross-sectional anatomy.

Cross-sectional Anatomy for Computed Tomography by M Farkas, James D Fix | Waterstones

Step by Step Cross Sectional Anatomy 1st Edition | Rent 9781904798804 | 1904798802

Re: what are the white lines in cross sectional views in greys anatomy

PPT - Cross Sectional Anatomy Body PowerPoint Presentation - ID:4521940

Cross Sectional Anatomy of the Body: MDCT Atlas - CTisus.com CT Scanning

BookHq: Atlas of Cross Sectional Anatomy of Human 14 Meridians and Acupoints by ( 703004617X )

Cross Sectional Anatomy Tutor: An Interactive Course for Anatomy Education and Evaluation | The Journal of the American...

Thorax of the dog: cross-sectional anatomy on Computed Tomography (CT)

Cross sectional anatomy | Kenhub

Cross-sectional anatomy of the brain

Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cross-sectional views of the anatomy of normal nasal cavities and...

An Atlas of Forearm and Hand Cross- Sectional Anatomy with CT and MRI Correlation Hardcover Books - Buy An Atlas of Forearm and...

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Cross-sectional, Primary Care-Based Study of the Prevalence of Hypoandrogenemia in Nondiabetic Young Men with Obesity.

DUTEC-Diagnostic Ultrasound Classes at Bellevue College

DUTEC-Diagnostic Ultrasound Classes at Bellevue College

Complications of Interventional Cardiovascular Procedures A Case-Based Atlas-9781936287185|Demos Medical Publishing

The Anatomy of Pelvic Corona Mortis Vessels in Black Africans: A Cadaveric study a descriptive cross sectional study carried...

Tomography4

Anatomical3

Cadaveric3

Proximal1

Descriptive2

Atlas1

Transverse2

Magnetic1

Nasal1

Axial2

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Body3

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