A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.
The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)
The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.
Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)
A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.
Conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The purpose of this research is to inform patients, providers, and decision-makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances. (hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/draftdefinition.html accessed 6/12/2009)
The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.
Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A dead body, usually a human body.
The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.
The biological science concerned with similarities or differences in the life-supporting functions and processes of different species.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
The study of the anatomical structures of animals.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.
Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.
The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
Collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions.
Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.
Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.
General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.
A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.
Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.
Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.
Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.
Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.
The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.
Veins draining the cerebrum.
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.
A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.
Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.
A specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when CATALOGING; ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING; or searching BOOKS; JOURNALS AS TOPIC; and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings (SUBJECT HEADINGS). The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)
Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.
The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.
The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.
The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.
Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.
Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.
The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.
Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.
Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.
The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.
Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.
Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.
Digital image data sets, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies.
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.
Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.
The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.
The educational process of instructing.
Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.
Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.
Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.
Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.
The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.
The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.
Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.
Methods of creating machines and devices.
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).
Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.
A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.
A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.
Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
This single species of Gorilla, which is a member of the HOMINIDAE family, is the largest and most powerful of the PRIMATES. It is distributed in isolated scattered populations throughout forests of equatorial Africa.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
A species of orangutan, family HOMINIDAE, found in the forests on the island of Borneo.
Use for general articles concerning medical education.
Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.
The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.
A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes beets and chard (BETA VULGARIS), as well as SPINACH, and salt tolerant plants.
The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.
A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.
A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Cold-blooded, air-breathing VERTEBRATES belonging to the class Reptilia, usually covered with external scales or bony plates.
Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.
The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.
Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)
The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of homologous tissues across various species.
One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.
A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.
The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.
Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.
The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.
Veins which drain the liver.
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.
An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Nodular bones which lie within a tendon and slide over another bony surface. The PATELLA (kneecap) is a sesamoid bone.
Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.
Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.
Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.
Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.
The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.
The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.
A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins.
The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.
Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.
The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.
Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.

Evolution of the ventricles. (1/130)

We studied the evolution of ventricles by macroscopic examination of the hearts of marine cartilaginous and bony fish, and by angiocardiography and gross examination of the hearts of air-breathing freshwater fish, frogs, turtles, snakes, and crocodiles. A right-sided, thin-walled ventricular lumen is seen in the fish, frog, turtle, and snake. In fish, there is external symmetry of the ventricle, internal asymmetry, and a thick-walled left ventricle with a small inlet chamber. In animals such as frogs, turtles, and snakes, the left ventricle exists as a small-cavitied contractile sponge. The high pressure generated by this spongy left ventricle, the direction of the jet, the ventriculoarterial orientation, and the bulbar spiral valve in the frog help to separate the systemic and pulmonary circulations. In the crocodile, the right aorta is connected to the left ventricle, and there is a complete interventricular septum and an improved left ventricular lumen when compared with turtles and snakes. The heart is housed in a rigid pericardial cavity in the shark, possibly to protect it from changing underwater pressure. The pericardial cavity in various species permits movements of the heart-which vary depending on the ventriculoarterial orientation and need for the ventricle to generate torque or spin on the ejected blood- that favor run-off into the appropriate arteries and their branches. In the lower species, it is not clear whether the spongy myocardium contributes to myocardial oxygenation. In human beings, spongy myocardium constitutes a rare form of congenital heart disease.  (+info)

Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: an old brain in a new head. (2/130)

The earliest craniates achieved a unique condition among bilaterally symmetrical animals: they possessed enlarged, elaborated brains with paired sense organs and unique derivatives of neural crest and placodal tissues, including peripheral sensory ganglia, visceral arches, and head skeleton. The craniate sister taxon, cephalochordates, has rostral portions of the neuraxis that are homologous to some of the major divisions of craniate brains. Moreover, recent data indicate that many genes involved in patterning the nervous system are common to all bilaterally symmetrical animals and have been inherited from a common ancestor. Craniates, thus, have an "old" brain in a new head, due to re-expression of these anciently acquired genes. The transition to the craniate brain from a cephalochordate-like ancestral form may have involved a mediolateral shift in expression of the genes that specify nervous system development from various parts of the ectoderm. It is suggested here that the transition was sequential. The first step involved the presence of paired, lateral eyes, elaboration of the alar plate, and enhancement of the descending visual pathway to brainstem motor centers. Subsequently, this central visual pathway served as a template for the additional sensory systems that were elaborated and/or augmented with the "bloom" of migratory neural crest and placodes. This model accounts for the marked uniformity of pattern across central sensory pathways and for the lack of any neural crest-placode cranial nerve for either the diencephalon or mesencephalon. Anat Rec (New Anat) 261:111-125, 2000.  (+info)

Evolution of the basal ganglia: new perspectives through a comparative approach. (3/130)

The basal ganglia (BG) have received much attention during the last 3 decades mainly because of their clinical relevance. Our understanding of their structure, organisation and function in terms of chemoarchitecture, compartmentalisation, connections and receptor localisation has increased equally. Most of the research has been focused on the mammalian BG, but a considerable number of studies have been carried out in nonmammalian vertebrates, in particular reptiles and birds. The BG of the latter 2 classes of vertebrates, which together with mammals constitute the amniotic vertebrates, have been thoroughly studied by means of tract-tracing and immunohistochemical techniques. The terminology used for amniotic BG structures has frequently been adopted to indicate putative corresponding structures in the brain of anamniotes, i.e. amphibians and fishes, but data for such a comparison were, until recently, almost totally lacking. It has been proposed several times that the occurrence of well developed BG structures probably constitutes a landmark in the anamniote-amniote transition. However, our recent studies of connections, chemoarchitecture and development of the basal forebrain of amphibians have revealed that tetrapod vertebrates share a common pattern of BG organisation. This pattern includes the existence of dorsal and ventral striatopallidal systems, reciprocal connections between the striatopallidal complex and the diencephalic and mesencephalic basal plate (striatonigral and nigrostriatal projections), and descending pathways from the striatopallidal system to the midbrain tectum and reticular formation. The connectional similarities are paralleled by similarities in the distribution of chemical markers of striatal and pallidal structures such as dopamine, substance P and enkephalin, as well as by similarities in development and expression of homeobox genes. On the other hand, a major evolutionary trend is the progressive involvement of the cortex in the processing of the thalamic sensory information relayed to the BG of tetrapods. By using the comparative approach, new insights have been gained with respect to certain features of the BG of vertebrates in general, such as the segmental organisation of the midbrain dopaminergic cell groups, the occurrence of large numbers of dopaminergic cell bodies within the telencephalon itself and the variability in, among others, connectivity and chemoarchitecture. However, the intriguing question whether the basal forebrain organisation of nontetrapods differs essentially from that observed in tetrapods still needs to be answered.  (+info)

Evolutionary anticipation of the human heart. (4/130)

We have studied the comparative anatomy of hearts from fish, frog, turtle, snake, crocodile, birds (duck, chicken, quail), mammals (elephant, dolphin, sheep, goat, ox, baboon, wallaby, mouse, rabbit, possum, echidna) and man. The findings were analysed with respect to the mechanism of evolution of the heart.  (+info)

Soft-tissue anatomy of the extant hominoids: a review and phylogenetic analysis. (5/130)

This paper reports the results of a literature search for information about the soft-tissue anatomy of the extant non-human hominoid genera, Pan, Gorilla, Pongo and Hylobates, together with the results of a phylogenetic analysis of these data plus comparable data for Homo. Information on the four extant non-human hominoid genera was located for 240 out of the 1783 soft-tissue structures listed in the Nomina Anatomica. Numerically these data are biased so that information about some systems (e.g. muscles) and some regions (e.g. the forelimb) are over-represented, whereas other systems and regions (e.g. the veins and the lymphatics of the vascular system, the head region) are either under-represented or not represented at all. Screening to ensure that the data were suitable for use in a phylogenetic analysis reduced the number of eligible soft-tissue structures to 171. These data, together with comparable data for modern humans, were converted into discontinuous character states suitable for phylogenetic analysis and then used to construct a taxon-by-character matrix. This matrix was used in two tests of the hypothesis that soft-tissue characters can be relied upon to reconstruct hominoid phylogenetic relationships. In the first, parsimony analysis was used to identify cladograms requiring the smallest number of character state changes. In the second, the phylogenetic bootstrap was used to determine the confidence intervals of the most parsimonious clades. The parsimony analysis yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram that matched the molecular cladogram. Similarly the bootstrap analysis yielded clades that were compatible with the molecular cladogram; a (Homo, Pan) clade was supported by 95% of the replicates, and a (Gorilla, Pan, Homo) clade by 96%. These are the first hominoid morphological data to provide statistically significant support for the clades favoured by the molecular evidence.  (+info)

Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. (6/130)

Studies of the comparative morphology of the tongues of living vertebrates have revealed how variations in the morphology and function of the organ might be related to evolutional events. The tongue, which plays a very important role in food intake by vertebrates, exhibits significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat. This review examines the fundamental importance of morphology in the evolution of the vertebrate tongue, focusing on the origin of the tongue and on the relationship between morphology and environmental conditions. Tongues of various extant vertebrates, including those of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, were analysed in terms of gross anatomy and microanatomy by light microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons of tongue morphology revealed a relationship between changes in the appearance of the tongue and changes in habitat, from a freshwater environment to a terrestrial environment, as well as a relationship between the extent of keratinization of the lingual epithelium and the transition from a moist or wet environment to a dry environment. The lingual epithelium of amphibians is devoid of keratinization while that of reptilians is keratinized to different extents. Reptiles live in a variety of habitats, from seawater to regions of high temperature and very high or very low humidity. Keratinization of the lingual epithelium is considered to have been acquired concomitantly with the evolution of amniotes. The variations in the extent of keratinization of the lingual epithelium, which is observed between various amniotes, appear to be secondary, reflecting the environmental conditions of different species.  (+info)

Comparative morphology of Astraea latispina (Philippi, 1844) and Astraea olfersii (Philippi, 1846) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Turbinidae). (7/130)

The present study examines comparatively the soft parts of turbinids Astraea latispina and Astraea olfersii. The characters of soft parts of these species, in agreement with Trochoidea organization, allow a differential diagnosis on the cefalic lappets, appendix of eye-stalk, hypobranchial glands, jaws, radulae, and stomach spiral caecum, which information will be helpful in taxonomic studies.  (+info)

FINE STRUCTURE OF THE PINEAL ORGANS OF THE ADULT FROG, RANA PIPIENS. (8/130)

Frontal organs and epiphyses of the pineal system from the adult frog, Rana pipiens, were fixed in s-collidine-buffered osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon 812, and examined by electron microscopy. Epiphyseal material was also fixed in a variety of ways and subjected to a series of cytochemical tests for light microscopy. An ultrastructure resembling that of lateral eye retina is confirmed in this species. Photoreceptor cells of the epiphysis and frontal organ display many cytological features similar to those of retinal rods and cones in the arrangement of their outer and inner segments and synaptic components. However, in these pineal organs the outer segments are disoriented relative to each other and may display a disarranged internal organization unlike normal retinal photoreceptors. Furthermore, other pineal outer segments often appear degenerate. Since immature stages in the development of new outer segments also appear to be present, adult pineal photoreceptors are probably engaged in a constant renewal of outer segment membranes. The evidence further suggests that macrophages are involved in phagocytosis of degenerated outer segments. Postulated photoreceptor activities and the possibility of secondary pineal functions, such as secretion, are discussed in view of current morphological and cytochemical findings.  (+info)

CAIS - Comparative Anatomy Information System. Looking for abbreviations of CAIS? It is Comparative Anatomy Information System. Comparative Anatomy Information System listed as CAIS
This thesis describes the implementation of an interface for querying established correspondences between anatomical structures across species. I was the main developer of this query engine, called the Comparative Anatomy Information System. My work involved developing methods to query the knowledge base, perform the specified comparison, display the anatomical hierarchies and results, and implement features to make the application user-friendly. The comparisons are based on the Structural Difference Method (SDM) for finding similarities and differences, developed in previous work. Since the CAIS knowledge base is sparsely populated, it has thus far been difficult to conduct extensive user testing, but I include two usage scenarios proposed by one of my mentors that outline some proposed uses of the application. These scenarios reflect the need for a system like CAIS that communicates anatomical correspondences to researchers who work on animal modeling of disease with a background other than ...
Looking for comparative anatomy? Find out information about comparative anatomy. see anatomy anatomy , branch of biology concerned with the study of body structure of various organisms, including humans. Comparative anatomy is concerned... Explanation of comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). Comparative anatomy has long served as evidence for evolution, now joined in that role by comparative genomics; it indicates that various organisms share a common ancestor. Also, it assists scientists in classifying organisms based on similar characteristics of their anatomical structures. A common example of comparative anatomy is the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans. All of these appendages consist of the same basic parts; yet, they serve completely different functions. The skeletal parts which form a structure used for swimming, such as a fin, would not be ideal to form a wing, which is better-suited for flight. One explanation for the forelimbs similar composition is descent with modification. Through random mutations and natural selection, each organisms anatomical ...
Comparative Anatomy and Histology: A Mouse and Human Atlas is aimed at the new mouse investigator as well as medical and veterinary pathologists who need to expand their knowledge base into comparative anatomy and histology. It guides the reader through normal mouse anatomy and histology using direct comparison to the human. The side by side comparison of mouse and human tissues highlight the unique biology of the mouse, which has great impact on the validation of mouse models of human disease.. Experts from both human and veterinary fields take readers through each organ system in a side-by-side comparative approach to anatomy and histology - human Netter anatomy images along with Netter-style mouse images. ...
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books.google.comhttps://books.google.com/books/about/The_comparative_anatomy_of_the_nervous_s.html?id=M57wAAAAMAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareThe comparative anatomy of the nervous system of vertebrates, including man ...
Comparative Anatomy is to make a comparative study of the anatomy of an organ in different groups of vertebrates and try to derive the evolutionary significance
Livezey, Bradley C. and Zusi, Richard L.,. 2006. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy: I. methods and characters. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural history. 37:1-544 ...
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Comparative anatomy definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now!
The Comparative Anatomy Atlas by Carl Gans and John F. Storr was originally published in 1962 by Academic Press. It contains a drawings for Squalus acanthias (dogfish), Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy), and Felis domesticus (cat).. The Table of Contents below link to all of the drawings from the original publication.. ...
Finden Sie alle Bücher von Yasuda, Atsushi - On the Comparative Anatomy of the Cucurbitaceae, Wild and Cultivated, in Japan (1903). Bei der Büchersuchmaschine eurobuch.com können Sie antiquarische und Neubücher VERGLEICHEN UND SOFORT zum Bestpreis bestellen. 1120663431
A number of shelled and shell-less gastropods are known to use multiple defensive mechanisms, including internally generated or externally obtained biochemically active compounds and structures. Within Nudipleura, nudibranchs within Cladobranchia possess such a special defense: the ability to sequester cnidarian nematocysts - small capsules that can inject venom into the tissues of other organisms. This ability is distributed across roughly 600 species within Cladobranchia, and many questions still remain in regard to the comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac - the structure that houses sequestered nematocysts (called kleptocnides). In this paper, we describe cnidosac morphology across the main groups of Cladobranchia in which it occurs, and place variation in its structure in a phylogenetic context to better understand the evolution of nematocyst sequestration. Overall, we find that the length, size and structure of the entrance to the cnidosac varies more than expected based on previous
Marie Dauenheimer is a Board Certified Medical Illustrator working in the Washington, DC Metropolitan area. She specializes in creating medical illustrations and animations for educational materials, including posters, brochures, books, websites and interactive media. Since 1997 Marie has organized and led numerous Art and Anatomy Tours throughout Europe for the Vesalius Trust. Past tours have explored anatomical museums, rare book collections and dissection theatres in Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Scotland and England. In addition to illustrating Marie teaches drawing, life drawing and human and animal anatomy at the Art Institute of Washington. Part of Maries anatomy class involves study and drawing from cadavers in the Gross Anatomy Lab at Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, DC. More on all and ticketing info can be found here ...
The morphology of the lower jaw and teeth of the legless lizard Pseudopus apodus (Anguimorpha, Anguidae, Anguinae) from Eurasia are described in detail and compared with those of other species of the subfamily Anguinae. The lower jaw anatomy of Pseudopus, especially the dentary and teeth, clearly differs from the genera Ophisaurus and Anguis. Even so, Ophisaurus is largely uniform in its lower jaw morphology across species. The teeth of North American Ophisaurus are slender cylinders, the shafts are mesiodistally compressed and bulge lingually; the apices are curved lingually and posteriorly and have weakly developed cutting edges. Southeast Asian and North African Ophisaurus present conical teeth, with broadened bases, apices more distinctly curved lingually and posteriorly, and cutting edges that are distinctly developed. The lingual surfaces of the tooth apices are striated in Ophisaurus and Pseudopus. The lower jaw of Ophisaurus is in many respects similar to that in Anguis, however, the ...
VENOUS SYSTEM OF FROG (AMPHIBIAN) AND RABBIT (MAMMAL) - SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES Rabbit - Venous system Frog - Venous system 1. Coronary veins col...
The Open Ophthalmology Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, letters, case reports and guest-edited single topic issues in all areas of experimental and clinical research in ophthalmology. Bentham Open ensures speedy peer review process and accepted papers are published within 2 weeks of final acceptance.. The Open Ophthalmology Journal is committed to ensuring high quality of research published. We believe that a dedicated and committed team of editors and reviewers make it possible to ensure the quality of the research papers. The overall standing of a journal is in a way, reflective of the quality of its Editor(s) and Editorial Board and its members.. The Open Ophthalmology Journal is seeking energetic and qualified researchers to join its editorial board team as Editorial Board Members or reviewers.. The essential criteria to become Editorial Board Members of The Open Ophthalmology Journal are as follows ...
But, in any case, its clear to me that you lack the knowledge in comparative anatomy to understand any evolutionary description here that I could give. For example, if I mention something that youve not heard of (e.g., haemal arches in larval hagfish), you make the immediate assumption that I must be mistaken because you know nothing about this ---- rather than realise that youre talking to somebody who keeps up with the current scientific literature, and who is an expert in vertebrate comparative anatomy. Youre simply not equipped for a debate about this topic, as all you know about (or, at least, can copy and paste about) is the human condition ...
Striking differences between carnivores and herbivores are seen in these organs. Carnivores have a capacious simple (single-chambered) stomach. The stomach volume of a carnivore represents 60-70% of the total capacity of the digestive system. Because meat is relatively easily digested, their small intestines (where absorption of food molecules takes The saliva of carnivorous animals does not contain digestive enzymes. Human saliva contains the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme, salivary amylase. This enzyme is responsible for the majority of starch digestion. The dentition of herbivores is quite varied depending on the kind of vegetation a particular species is adapted to eat. Although these animals differ in the types and numbers of teeth they possess, the various kinds of teeth when present, share common structural features. The incisors are broad, flattened and spade-like. Canines may be small as in horses, prominent as in hippos, pigs and some primates (these are thought to be used for ...
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The generation of phagocytic cups and immunological synapses are crucial events of the innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively. They are triggered by distinct immune receptors and performed by different cell types. However, growing experimental evidence shows that a very close series of molecular and cellular events control these two processes. Thus, the tight and dynamic interplay between receptor signaling, actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, and targeted vesicle traffic are all critical features to build functional phagosomes and immunological synapses. Interestingly, both phagocytic cups and immunological synapses display particular spatial and temporal patterns of receptors and signaling molecules, leading to the notion of phagocytic synapse. Here, we discuss both types of structures, their organization, and the mechanisms by which they are generated and regulated.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are the only truly liquid assets related to real estate investments. We study the behavior of U.S. REITs over the past thr
This year sensation from Utah might well be another ceratopsian, Nasutuceratops titusi, known from an almost complete skull and an associated left forelimb, as well as skull fragments from two other individuals. Some skin impressions were also found with the forelimb. Nasutuceratops is still a nomen nudum (naked name), meaning it has not been officially and formally described in a published scientific journal yet. It has been named by Eric Karl Lund (advisor: Scott Sampson) in his Master of Science Geology thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Utah in 2010. In a comprehensive phylogenetical analysis, this short snouted long horned centrosaurine ceratopsian was found to be closely related to the contemporary Avaceratops lammersi from Montana ...
A New Taxon of Basal Ceratopsian from China and the Early Evolution of Ceratopsia. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
the sides of the cesophageal ring. Shortly after Stannius publication Siebold (VIII.) pointed out the analogy of these Knépfen with the otocysts of molluscs. Similar observations were afterwards made on other Annellida by Quatrefages,! who also added to his observations in 1850 (VII.), and again in 1870 (VI.). Besides these we have to mention the incidental references by Claparéde (I.) and Leydigs brief notices (III. et al.).? Among Nemertines they were discovered by Griiffe, and subse 1 QuatreFAGEs: Compt. Rendus Acad. Paris., XTX. (1844), p. 195. See also Ann. Sci. Nat., II. (1844), p. 94. 2 The following are the principal articles to be consulted : - I. CrapariprE, Epovarp: Glanures zootomiques parmi les Annélides de Portvendres (Pyrénées orientales) (Otocystes, pp. 495 and 500). Mém. Soe. Phys. Genéve, XVII. (1864), 463-600. 8 Pls. II. Kererstern, WiLHELM: Untersuchungen ueber niedere See-thiere (Nemertinen, p- 51, - Otolithenblasen derselben, p. 85). Zeit. wiss. Zool., XII. ...
Vertebrate evolution is studied through comparative anatomy and functional morphology of existing vertebrates as well as fossil records. Since the publication of the previous edition of Colberts Evolution of the Vertebrates: A History of the Backboned Animals Through Time, there have been significant advances in the knowledge surrounding backboned by:
Represent activities of the animal while alive, rather than part of the dead creature Dinosaur fossils have been weathering out of the rock since LONG before humans evolved, yet Dinosauria was not recognized until 1842. Why did it take this long? Before scientists could recognize the existence of dinosaurs, they had to recognize that fossils were the remains of dead (not alive), unknown, extinct (not living anywhere) organisms. Baron Georges Cuvier (France) father of comparative anatomy examined many fossils in the late 1700s/early 1800s: ...
KARDONG COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY PDF - Mark Westneat; Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution.- Kenneth V. Kardong. Second Edition. McGraw-Hill, Boston. Buy Vertebrates:
Natural bone. Use these disarticulated bones to study adult equine forelimb skeletal anatomy in detail. They are ideal for agricultural and veterinary courses and comparative anatomy labs. The hoof capsule is included.
Evidence on their evolution comes from comparative anatomy, the fossil record and molecular biology. It is thought that the first passerines evolved in the southern continent of Gondwana in the Palaeogene, maybe around the Upper Palaeocene some 60-55 mya.[5][6] The early fossil record is poor because the first Passeriformes were on the small side, and their delicate bones did not preserve well. Two specimens from Queensland, Australia are fossil bone fragments clearly recognizable as passeriform. They are two species of about 10 and 20 cm in overall length. This proves that some 55 mya, barely into the early Eocene, early perching birds were recognizably distinct.[7] It also suggests that the origin of this great order of birds was in the southern continent. ...
A quick divergence from my usual dinosaurs, and I shall talk about big cats today. This is because to my greatest delight, I had discovered today a wonderful book. It is called The Felidæ of Rancho La Brea (Merriam and Stock 1932, Carnegie Institution of Washington publication, no. 422). As the title suggests it goes into details of felids from the Rancho La Brea, in particular Smilodon californicus (probably synonymous with S. fatalis), but also the American Cave Lion, Panthera atrox. The book is full of detailed descriptions, numerous measurements and beautiful figures. However, what really got me excited was, in their description and comparative anatomy of P. atrox, Merriam and Stock (1932) provide identification criteria for the Lion and Tiger, a translation of the one devised by the French palaeontologist Marcelin Boule in 1906. I have forever been looking for a set of rules for identifying lions and tigers and ultimately had to come up with a set of my own with a lot of help fro ...
E volution Thursday 10/24/13. Charles Darwin influences on his thinking // decent with modification evolution by natural selection overview Evidence of Evolution fossil record biogeography comparative anatomy // embryology molecular biology Slideshow 2207701...
The larynx () is a musculocartilaginous organ guarding the entrance to the trachea, which serves as an air passageway, aids vocalization, and prevents the inspiration of foreign material. The valvular function of the larynx, by means of the epiglottis, is vital, because it is across its inlet that all substances swallowed must pass in their course from the oral pharynx through the laryngeal pharynx to the esophagus. Negus (1949) has described and illustrated the comparative anatomy of the larynx from fish through mammals, and Piérard (1965) studied the dog and other carnivores. The larynx is located directly caudal to the root of the tongue, oral pharynx, and the soft palate, ventral to the atlas. It is approximately 6 cm long in a medium-sized dog, nearly half of this length being occupied by the epiglottic cartilage, which lies at the laryngeal opening. The intrinsic muscles of the larynx control the size of the laryngeal inlet, the size and shape of the glottis, and the positions of the ...
Much original research went into Steves many detailed illustrations for his embryological series of books-this one for Pictorial Human Embryology. The illustrations are very large (2+ feet high), created in pen and ink, thereby capturing the amazing detail of fetal development.. Steve was a student of Ralph Sweet in San Francisco, and served on the faculty at the Toronto Program. He authored a series of Pictorial Anatomy atlases of comparative anatomy.. Photo: With permission of David Mazierski ...
Bag-Os are a variety of skulls, miscellaneous bones, teeth, or horns. This material is great for inspiring arts and crafts, studying comparative anatomy and more! Specifications: This Bag-O contains an assortment of three bird skulls: chicken, turkey, and ostrich Skulls will exhibit damage
For the students who ask, Do we get to dissect in Biology? or those who ask Do we have to dissect in Biology?, the Frog Sandwich lets students choose how they will learn some comparative anatomy. The Frog Sandwich is a 5 page frog-shaped booklet of drawings depicting frog exterior dorsal view, skeletal system, internal organs, ventral muscles, and exterior ventral view. On each page, students color and label the organs, then cut out the parts and assemble their Frog Sandwich booklet. Students exchange frogs to check, correct, and sign off each others work. After completing their Frog Sandwiches, students choose to either personally dissect a frog, or to observe the anatomy of a pre-dissected frog. Models, laser disc, and Internet Frog dissection are also available for study. Students are allowed to use their own Frog Sandwiches as an aid to identification on a Lab Station Practical Exam, and they submit their frogs as part of the exam. Since they already know organ location, relative size ...
First-year standing in College of Veterinary Medicine or .... COMPARATIVE ANATOMY DISSECTION FETAL PIG - ... download human anatomy and physiology study course guws ... veterinary medicine flashcards create study and share, ... Veterinary Physiology. A veterinary technicians work schedule depends on the type and place of employment. For instance, those working at 24-hour facilities may work evenings, weekends and/or holidays. In private clinics, technicians are more likely to have regular business hours, although they may occasionally need to stay late or through lunch to work on a sick patient; come in some evenings and/or weekends to feed and care for hospitalized patients; or come in early to admit early-morning hospital or surgery patients The Horse (Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy, Vol 2) (v. 2). A grade of C or better is required for graduation in the AVMA accredited programs. This course is a continuation of the experiences in VTSC2902. As part of the second year of the Veterinary ...
Dr William Charles Osman Hill FRSE FZS FLS FRAI (13 July 1901 - 25 January 1975) was a British anatomist, primatologist, and a leading authority on primate anatomy during the 20th century. He is best known for his nearly completed eight-volume series, Primates: Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy, which covered all living and extinct primates known at the time in full detail and contained illustrations created by his wife, Yvonne. Schooled at King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Boys in Birmingham and University of Birmingham, he went on to publish 248 works and accumulated a vast collection of primate specimens that are now stored at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. William Charles Osman Hill was born on 13 July 1901 the son of James Osman Hill and his wife Fanny Martin. He was educated first at King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Boys in Birmingham, and later obtained his degrees from the University of Birmingham. During medical school, also at the University of Birmingham, he won three ...
The cat skull model is flexibly mounted making demonstration of natural feline movement possible. This cat skull replica is perfect for mammal and comparative anatomy studies.
PLATTEVILLE-Its a case where the dead teach the living. University of Wisconsin-Platteville biology majors and pre-professional students are learning more about the human body than textbooks or models could possibly provide. Four cadavers, two of each gender, are providing practical experience in Russell Hall.. Eight UWP students are doing independent study dissecting the cadavers this semester under the tutelage of biology department chair Wayne Weber and Amanda Trewin, assistant professor of biology.. This is a unique opportunity that will help students work in greater depth, said Trewin, who teaches anatomy and physiology and comparative anatomy. Its unusual for a school of this size.. Trewin, who earned her Ph.D. at UW-Milwaukee, did her undergraduate work at UWP. Cadavers would have facilitated learning, had they been available, said Trewin. They provide hands-on, real world experience.. Weber and Trewin, who worked with College of Business, Industry, Life Science and Agriculture ...
Eugène Dubois was born in the Dutch city of Eijsden, into the family of Jean Joseph Balthasar Dubois and Maria Catharina Floriberta Agnes Roebroeck. Dubois father, a pharmacist, encouraged his sons interest in natural history. At that time, important scientific progress had been made in the world of archaeology and anthropology: in Germany, the remains of an early hominid (later named Neanderthal) were found in the Neander Valley, and Charles Darwin had just published his The Origin of Species.. Dubois was an excellent student, and graduated as a medical doctor in 1884. He married the same year and was appointed a lecturer in anatomy at the University of Amsterdam in 1886. He studied comparative anatomy of the larynx in vertebrates, and soon became an assistant to the Dutch morphologist, Max Furbringer. However, Dubois life then took an unusual change in direction. Probably because of dissatisfaction with his teaching duties and some conflicts with Furbringer, Dubois shifted toward the ...
Edme Vulpian (1826-1887). 1889 illustration of the French neurologist Edme Felix Alfred Vulpian. Vulpian discovered the chromaffin system of the adrenal gland, and studied the action of drugs such as curare, strychnine and nicotine. He taught and researched neurophysiology and in 1862 took over the running of the Salpetriere mental hospital, Paris, France, with fellow neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. In 1867, he was appointed professor of pathological anatomy at the faculty of medicine and, in 1872, took the chair of experimental and comparative anatomy. - Stock Image C036/0190
Last week in G9 Biology we dissected Fred the Frankenstein Frog to review the functions of the alimentary canal in digestion and discuss comparative anatomy. We compared how the frogs digestive system as similar to our own and how it is different. For example, the frogs teeth have a similar function to our own but a different structure due to the type of food a frog eats. We then discovered the frogs last meal as we followed the frogs digestive system. To extend the dissection, we then looked at the frogs nervous and muscular system. As the frog was still fresh we were able to stimulate the frogs muscles by sprinkling salt on the exposed tissue. The muscles twitched as the salt simulated the muscles as activated nerve fibres would do when the frog was alive. The students were amazed and a little creeped out as the frogs legs twitched (danced) on their own. We will refer back to this dissection when we study the nervous system next year.. ...
The tract put out by Dr. John Howitt of Canada, entitled Evolution not only has very much packed into a small booklet, but also is very helpful. This has already been put out in 15 editions. It is printed in England and is distributed by the International Christian Crusade of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... This booklet defines evolution and also discusses theistic evolution. Then it brings in the evidence from comparative anatomy, embryonic recapitulation, geological record. It shows the absence of pre-Cambrian fossils and the absence of intermediate forms. It gives the supposed evolutionary series. In discussing blood precipitation tests, Howitt points out that there is much variation in blood among humans and animals, and the fact that some similarity can be found between the blood of a human and a bat or a whale does not prove anything. Sometimes whole blood from one human to another, even from one close relative to another, can be fatal. This shows how little an argument we can derive from ...
* Sir E. Home, Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, vol. i. p. 225. (2312). The rest of the alimentary canal in most quadrupeds, like that of Man, is divisible into the small and the large intestines, ...
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Abstract. Natural populations of Carpinus orientalis Mill. Shrub lands occur mainly in high and middle altitudes of the Hyrcanian forests, N. Iran, particularly on steep rocks and forest outcrops. There are some discrepancies on the intra-specific delimitation of this important woody species. The aim of the current study was to examine the anatomical variation of stems and leaves of sixteen populations of Carpinus orientalis collected in four north and northeastern provinces of Iran for the first time. Also this study show that anatomical characters of stem showed the highest correlation to climatic factors include temperature, altitude and precipitation and midrib anatomical characters did not show any relationship.
Prior to this study, Nanaloricus mysticus was the only species within family Nanaloricidae studied at the myoanatomical level, though a few transmission electron micrographs of the head region of Armorloricus elegans are available in the literature (cf. [12, 20, 25]; see Table 1). The musculature of Nanaloricus sp. described here differs somewhat from that of N. mysticus revealed by ultrastructural examination. For instance, the radial muscles attached to the furcal base of the mouth cone of N. mysticus (see Figure six in [20]) were not found during this study in Nanaloricus sp. Otherwise, the 8 mouth cone retractors found in Nanaloricus sp. seem to correspond to the 8 homonymous muscles found inside the ridges of the mouth cone of N. mysticus, as well as in Pliciloricus enigmaticus, P. pedicularis, P. diva and Rugiloricus doliolius[10, 11, 16, 20].. In the head, N. mysticus possesses 5 inner and 15-24 outer longitudinal muscles (named head retractors) and 2-3 circular muscles surrounding the ...
The Upper Cretaceous (middle-late Campanian) Wahweap Formation of southern Utah contains the oldest diagnostic evidence of ceratopsids (to date, all centrosaurines) in North America, with a number of specimens recovered from throughout a unit that spans between 81 and 77 Ma. Only a single specimen has been formally named, Diabloceratops eatoni, from the lower middle member of the formation. Machairoceratops cronusi gen. et sp. nov., a new centrosaurine ceratopsid from the upper member of the Wahweap Formation, is here described based on cranial material representing a single individual recovered from a calcareous mudstone. The specimen consists of two curved and elongate orbital horncores, a left jugal, a nearly complete, slightly deformed braincase, the left squamosal, and a mostly complete parietal ornamented by posteriorly projected, anterodorsally curved, elongate spikes on either side of a midline embayment. The fan-shaped, stepped-squamosal is diagnostic of Centrosaurinae, however, this ...
Summary Morphologically, the three species of Trichomonas of man are distinct, although T. vaginalis and T. tenax resemble each other more than either resembles T. hominis. T. vaginalis is much the larger, the other two being about the same length. T. vaginalis is more robust in shape and T. tenax is more slender. T. vaginalis and T. tenax normally have a single compound blepharoplast which may occasionally appear as two approximately equal elements. In T. hominis there are characteristically two blepharoplasts of unequal size, the smaller being ventral in position. The oral and vaginal species have regularly four anterior flagella. T. hominis has a variable number, usually four or five, but more characteristically five. One of these is attached to the smaller ventral blepharoplast and the other four to the larger one. The undulating membrane of T. tenax is relatively longer than that of T. vaginalis, although typically less than body length in both and without an extension of the marginal filament into
List of the 5 fins of the dogfish shark 2 dorsal pectoral pelvic caudal the depressor of the pectoral fin allows the pectoral fins to lower. If the shark lacks and anal fin or has a kite shaped body, follow the directions of 1B and go to sentence 10. 1. Choose from 500 different sets of comparative anatomy shark flashcards on Quizlet. Shark Skull Anatomy learn by taking a quiz; Online quiz to learn Shark Skull Anatomy; Your Skills & Rank. Add … 19. Explore the diagram below to learn the names of fish parts and find out what each one does, or use it as a reference as needed. _____ Section 5: Shark Dissection . Saved by KidZone.ws. Sharks have 5-7 pairs of gill slits located on the sides of their heads. External anatomy the shark has a graceful and streamlined body shape built for fast long distance swimming. This activity can be copied directly into your Google Classroom, where you can use it for practice, as an assessment, or, to collect data. Piece components together to create your own ...
MorphBank is an open web repository of biological images documenting specimen-based research in comparative anatomy, morphological phylogenetics, taxonomy and related fields focused on increasing our knowledge about biodiversity. The project receives its main funding from the Biological Databases and Informatics program of the National Science Foundation. MorphBank is developing cyber infrastructure to support a wide array of biological disciplines such as taxonomy, systematics, evolutionary biology, plant science and animal science. MorphBank serves as a permanent archive allowing storage and sharing of digital images. At the same time, it is a collaborative platform supporting large international groups of scientists. Among other things, MorphBank tools allow scientists to share specimen images, add information to existing images by annotating them, remotely curate natural history collections based on images of their specimens, build phylogenetic character matrices based on images, and create
MorphBank is an open web repository of biological images documenting specimen-based research in comparative anatomy, morphological phylogenetics, taxonomy and related fields focused on increasing our knowledge about biodiversity. The project receives its main funding from the Biological Databases and Informatics program of the National Science Foundation. MorphBank is developing cyber infrastructure to support a wide array of biological disciplines such as taxonomy, systematics, evolutionary biology, plant science and animal science. MorphBank serves as a permanent archive allowing storage and sharing of digital images. At the same time, it is a collaborative platform supporting large international groups of scientists. Among other things, MorphBank tools allow scientists to share specimen images, add information to existing images by annotating them, remotely curate natural history collections based on images of their specimens, build phylogenetic character matrices based on images, and create
MorphBank is an open web repository of biological images documenting specimen-based research in comparative anatomy, morphological phylogenetics, taxonomy and related fields focused on increasing our knowledge about biodiversity. The project receives its main funding from the Biological Databases and Informatics program of the National Science Foundation. MorphBank is developing cyber infrastructure to support a wide array of biological disciplines such as taxonomy, systematics, evolutionary biology, plant science and animal science. MorphBank serves as a permanent archive allowing storage and sharing of digital images. At the same time, it is a collaborative platform supporting large international groups of scientists. Among other things, MorphBank tools allow scientists to share specimen images, add information to existing images by annotating them, remotely curate natural history collections based on images of their specimens, build phylogenetic character matrices based on images, and create
It is clarifying and invigorating to have a scholar as searching and well-read as Devin Griffiths address the problem of analogy head on. He ambitiously tracks analogy as an evolving mode of thought during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, focusing on analogy as a method central to the emerging field of comparative historicism... The Age of Analogy is an impressive book that refuses to shy away from a topic as daunting as analogy just because it threatens to become unwieldy. Griffiths is unusually generous in the alacrity with which he maps the questions that interest him onto a huge range of scholarly fields, including linguistics, mathematics, publishing history, botany, comparative anatomy, astronomy, and musical theory.. ...
SI}} {{CMG}} A sex-determination system is a [[biology,biological]] system that determines the development of [[sex,sexual characteristics]] in an [[organism]]. Most sexual organisms have two [[sex]]es. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: [[male]]s and [[female]]s have different [[allele]]s or even different [[gene]]s that specify their sexual [[Comparative anatomy,morphology]]. In [[animal]]s, this is often accompanied by [[chromosome,chromosomal]] differences. In other cases, sex is determined by [[ecosystem,environmental]] variables (such as [[temperature]]) or social variables (the size of an [[organism]] relative to other members of its [[population]]). The details of some sex-determination systems are not yet fully understood. ==Chromosomal determination== === XX/XY sex chromosomes === {{Main,XY sex-determination system}} The XX/XY sex-determination system is one of the most familiar sex-determination systems and is found in [[human]] beings and most other [[mammal]]s. ...
Which reveals the reason for any interest in this subject and the motivation behind promoting claims of ancient races of giants: purely religious. And it also illustrates the cause of so much creationist dishonesty: theyll use anything they can and distort and lie about anything they can in order to support their creationist theology, regardless of how false that theology is.. Other participants here have already pointed out much of this. In Message 7 Sci Cat shows someone holding an elephant femur when looks very similar to a human femur (except its much thicker as expected from that comparative anatomy page quoted above). The origin of many fantastic giant beasts and human giants in ancient mythology was undoubtedly finding such bones. In Message 6 Coyote points out that all search hits on race of giants are on religious sites. In Message 4 Phat, a Christian, points out that there is a lot of fake information on the Internet and that you must be wary of it. In Message 9 Taq mentions the ...
Born at Mechlin, Belgium, 19 Dec., 1809; died at Louvain, 8 Jan., 1894. Educated for the medical profession, he was appointed curator of the natural history museum at the University of Louvain in 1831. Five years later he became professor of zoology and comparative anatomy in the Catholic University at Louvain. This chair he held until the time of his death. He was thus able to celebrate the jubilee of his appointment to his chair and the occasion was duly honoured both in his native and his university cities. Throughout his life he was a most diligent worker, and the list of his contributions to scientific periodicals amounts to over two hundred papers. In the earlier part of his career he directed his attention especially to invertebrates and particularly to marine invertebrates, which he studied during many vacations spent at Ostend. In 1843 he established at his own expense a marine laboratory and an aquarium for the further prosecution of these studies, and this institution is believed to ...
Hadrosaurid dinosaurs, dominant Late Cretaceous herbivores, possessed complex dental batteries with up to 300 teeth in each jaw ramus. Despite extensive interest in the adaptive significance of the dental battery, surprisingly little is known about how the battery evolved from the ancestral dinosaurian dentition, or how it functioned in the living organism. We undertook the first comprehensive, tissue-level study of dental ontogeny in hadrosaurids using several intact maxillary and dentary batteries and compared them to sections of other archosaurs and mammals. We used these comparisons to pinpoint shifts in the ancestral reptilian pattern of tooth ontogeny that allowed hadrosaurids to form complex dental batteries. Comparisons of hadrosaurid dental ontogeny with that of other amniotes reveals that the ability to halt normal tooth replacement and functionalize the tooth root into the occlusal surface was key to the evolution of dental batteries. The retention of older generations of teeth was driven by
I have written about quadrupedal launch on other web resources previously, so I wont belabor the point here. In short, takeoff acceleration in animals tends to be generated mostly by the walking limbs, rather than the wings. As such, takeoff is really a form of running or leaping (usually the latter). The strengths of the limb bones in bending and torsion, particularly with regards to the moments sustained for leaping, are therefore highly indicative of launch mode. Pterosaurs turn out to be much more bat-like in this regard than bird-like: they had forelimbs which were much stronger than the hind limbs across a wide range of body sizes. By contrast, large birds have stronger hind limb elements (particularly the femur) when compared with the forelimb elements. Giant pterosaurs, such as Quetzalcoatlus, had very long, thin hind limb elements, which argues against a bird-like launch. However, because pterosaurs walked on their folded wings, as well, the incredibly robust forelimb musculature and ...
A preliminary step to uncovering evolutionary relationships between fossil populations is to describe and understand the extent of morphological variation that exists within the fossil record. My primary research interest lays in reconsidering the genus Homo fossil record morphological diversity in order to provide a reassessment of the debated classification of the genus.. More specifically, I am interested in testing the validity of hominin taxa which are relevant to the understanding of key moments of the evolutionary history of our genus.. For instance, I have been working on the validity and definition of Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 a key palaeoanthropological species to the understanding of the common origin of Neandertals and Modern Humans. The species was invented after the discovery of the Mauer mandible (Heidelberg, Germany) and has been used to refer to a possible last common ancestor to both species. I used comparative morphology along with phenetic approaches (numerical ...
Uberon é unha ontoloxía de anatomía comparada que representa unha gran variedade de estruturas atopadas en animais, como pulmóns, músculos, ósos, plumas e aletas. Estas estruturas están conectadas a outras estruturas vía relacións como meronimia e desenvolvido dende.[1] Un dos usos desta ontoloxía é o de integrar datos dende bases de datos biolóxicas diferentes, e dende outras ontoloxías específicas de especies como o Foundational Model of Anatomy.[2][3][4] ...
The ground plan and comparative morphology of the nymphal head of Membracoidea are presented with particular emphasis on the position of the clypeus, frons, epistomal suture, and ecdysial line. Differences in interpretation of the head structu...
Agnarsson, I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal Of The Linnean Society 141:447-626.. Griswold, C.E., J.A. Coddington, G. Hormiga & N. Scharff. 1998. Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. May 123:1-99.. Hormiga, G. 1993. Implication of the phylogeny of Pimoidae for the systematics of linyphiid spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea, Linyphiidae). Memoirs Of The Queensland Museum 33:533-542.. Hormiga, G. 1994. A revision and cladistic analysis of the spider family Pimoidae (Araneoidea: Araneae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 549:1-104.. Hormiga, G. 1994. Cladistics and the comparative morphology of linyphiid spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Linyphiidae). Zoological Journal Of The Linnean Society 111:1-71.. Hormiga, G. 2003. Weintrauboa, a new genus of pimoid spiders from Japan and adjacent islands, ...
The basic idea behind body armor hasnt changed very much in the past few thousand years. First, armor stops weapons or projectiles from reaching a persons body. Second, it diffuses the weapons energy so that the final impact causes less damage. While its not effective in every situation, armor can generally help protect people from serious injury or death, especially against the right weaponry.. Over the years, people have had to develop stronger and more advanced armor to protect against increasingly sophisticated weapons. However, in spite of these improvements, modern body armor still has some of the same shortcomings as ancient forms of armor. Whether its made from metal plates or layers of fabric, armor is often heavy and bulky. Many types are rigid, so theyre impractical for use on arms, legs and necks. For this reason, medieval suits of plate armor had gaps and joints to allow people to move around, and the body armor used today often protects only the head and torso.. -One of the ...
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The study of the last hadrosaurs that lived in the Iberian Peninsula has been possible thanks to the discovery by the Aragosaurus-IUCA Group of the University of Zaragoza, led by Jose Ignacio Canudo, of the first articulated hadrosaur skull found in southern Europe, from the archeological sites of Arén, in Huesca, Spain. The skull belongs to an Arenysaurus ardevoli, a lambeosaurine (hadrosaur with a hollow cranial crest), whose description was recently published in the French journal Comptes Rendus Palevol, and was part of the Spanish fossil record. According to paleontologists, the new lambeosaurine lived between 65.5 and 68 million years ago, had a very prominent frontal dome, and its biogeographical relationships suggest a paleobiogeographical connection between Asia and Europe during the Late Cretaceous.. Researchers have found, in addition to the partially articulated skull, the mandibular remains and postcranial elements such as vertebrae, girdle and limb bones.. The Spanish ...
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Then we have Manuscript B: the dreaded undergrad thesis. I have been working on this thing for a few years, and I really want to see it through, but its getting harder and harder to stay motivated. Its on something completely unrelated to what Im working on now (I looked at skull morphology in Centrosaurus to be exact), which makes it hard. Ive started working on it again, and I need to re-learn all the ceratopsian skull terminology. Met with my former supervisor and co-author last week, and he decided that I need to do a phylogenetic analysis, which Ive never done before outside of an assignment. Thanks to Andy Farke, I have a matrix to work with, and Im slowly combining a few different matrices. Im slowly learning how annoying it is when people use slightly different characters (like one paper uses one character as 0-75% and others use 0-80%. Why you have to be so difficult!), or switch around the character states. All in all, its not too bad, just time consuming ...
Recently weve had a ton of low back pain cases so we thought wed give you guys a week of info on the Lumbar Spine ➠︉. A recent case I saw had radiating pain into the glute (but no sciatic pain). How is that possible?? The likely culprit is the nagging QL (quadratus lumborum) muscle ...
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Congrats to Collin VanBuren for successfully defending his MSc thesis, which he handed in last week. Collins thesis was entitled The Function and Evolution of the Syncervical in Ceratopsian Dinosaurs with a Review of Cervical Fusion in Tetrapods (see abstract below). This work should result in three papers, two of which we are working on…
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Monoclonius, a primitive ceratopsian dinosaur was a large, short-frilled herbivore with a beak, a nose horn, and two smaller horns near the top of its frill.
Chasmosaurus, 17 feet (5.8 m) long, three horned, frilled ceratopsian dinosaur, lived late in the late Cretaceous period, about 76 to 70 million years ago.
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This page describes the best practices and guidelines for using EQ syntax to consistently and accurately represent phenotypes from the systematic literature. The guidelines are an evolving set of standards created to improve annotation consistency for the use cases and goals of the Phenoscape project. We provide examples of character types commonly encountered in the systematics literature, and provide discussion of special cases and issues in their annotation. The Entity-Quality (EQ) formalism combines Entity terms from an anatomical ontology, in our case [http://uberon.github.io/ Uberon], with Quality descriptors from the Phenotype and Trait Ontology (PATO). Spatial and positional terms from the Biological Spatial Ontology (BSPO) are also used to represent phenotypes. == PATO terms used to annotate systematic characters == Below is a simplified graph showing a subset of quality terms from the [http://obofoundry.org/wiki/index.php/PATO:Main_Page Phenotype and Trait Ontology (PATO)] used to ...
by Woodsbum. Now that I have body armor and have been wearing it around a bit to see how well it wears, a thought kept creeping into my head, Is this expense really fit properly and am I wearing it correctly?. When I was in the military we wore flak jackets. Considering it was simply a vest that you put on, it was quite difficult to wear it incorrectly. Even the new military armor systems are difficult to wear incorrectly because they are also vest type construction that offers very little adjustment.. Here is the article that Gunguy found and sent to me:. ******************************************************************************. Body armor is meant to keep you in the fight. It should protect the vital organs which, if hit, would quickly take you down and prevent you from putting rounds on target. The possibility of saving your life is a secondary benefit of body armor. With this purpose in mind we must understand those structures we need to protect which we can realistically protect ...
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The equipping of the legions was only partially complete when the Horus Heresy broke out. Many of the Legions that had just been fully equipped with Mark IV armour turned against the Imperium while many of the loyal Legions had been deliberately starved of access to it and remained operating with the older Mark II and Mark III armour. Additionally, even the Legions equipped with Mark IV suits quickly found themselves low on spare parts and unable to manufacture replacement units. With war damage and mobile operations, resupply for damaged equipment was difficult or impossible. Marine artificers and Techmarines had to use old style equipment from older models to keep the legions fighting, as well as salvage from slain enemies and unorthodox innovations of their own.[1][8] This ad-hoc assemblage of various armour mark segments (including new or unoffical design elements) being created by a multitude of legions resulted in an entirely new mark of armour being accidentally created; these ...
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By poring over the fossilized skulls of ancient wildebeest-like animals (Rusingoryx atopocranion) unearthed on Kenyas Rusinga Island, researchers have discovered that the little-known hoofed mammals had a very unusual, trumpet-like nasal passage similar only to the nasal crests of lambeosaurine hadrosaur dinosaurs. The findings reported in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on February 4 offer a spectacular example of convergent evolution between two very distantly related taxa and across tens of millions of years, the researchers say ...
By poring over the fossilized skulls of ancient wildebeest-like animals (Rusingoryx atopocranion) unearthed on Kenyas Rusinga Island, researchers have discovered that the little-known hoofed mammals had a very unusual, trumpet-like nasal passage similar only to the nasal crests of lambeosaurine hadrosaur dinosaurs. The findings reported in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on February 4 offer a spectacular example of convergent evolution between two very distantly related taxa and across tens of millions of years, the researchers say.
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... is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to ... Comparative anatomy has long served as evidence for evolution, now joined in that role by comparative genomics; it indicates ... Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in ... Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals. The first ...
Comparative Anatomy also has a mysterious entity referred to as 'On the Box', a "deranged" koala that is supposedly sexless and ... Comparative Anatomy started as an experiment in 2009 between the two main members, Sir Puffers Rabbinald the Third (University ... Comparative Anatomy focuses primarily on word-play and themes relating specifically to animals, often with an odd, absurdist ... During live performances, Comparative Anatomy is known for wearing costumes, which were at first simple designs made with ...
The Gallery of Comparative Anatomy (occupying the ground floor), holds nearly a thousand skeletons and interprets their ... The project of a "Gallery of Paleontology, Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology" started in the late 1880s when the Galerie de ... Half of the Gallery of Comparative Anatomy, ground floor of the building. Ground floor, panoramic view First and second floor ... The Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy (in French, galerie de Paléontologie et d'Anatomie comparée) is a part of ...
The Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy is a chair at University College London, endowed (shortly after the ...
The Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy is a natural history museum that is part of University College London in ... Pokémon Stop Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. Grant Museum of Zoology ... He set the precedent that the Chair of Zoology at UCL (then the University of London) was also the curator of the comparative ... and Queen Mary University of London in addition to material from London Zoo and various London hospital comparative anatomy ...
... is a textbook written by Libbie Hyman in 1922 and released as the first ... It is also called and published simply as Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. In 1942 Hyman released the second edition as a ... The Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy still remains the same without revisions, and is used by universities ... Anatomy books, 1922 non-fiction books, 1942 non-fiction books, University of Chicago Press books, Biology textbooks, American ...
Anatomy. Simple. Comparative. Physiology. Medicine. Hygiene. Hygiene, properly said. Cosmetics (Orthopedics). Athletics ( ...
Among them were John Hunter (1728 - 1793) an anatomist and surgeon that had an interest in comparative anatomy and animal ... This resulted in several persistent misunderstandings of human anatomy. Another key early contributor to early comparative ... human dissection was no longer acceptable and his vivisection studies of comparative anatomy relied mostly on the use of ... Comparative Medicine: Anatomy and Physiology. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783709115596. Retrieved 24 May 2018. ...
ISBN 978-0-12-226810-6. Rasskin-Gutman, D. (1997). "Pelvis, comparative anatomy". In Kevin Padian; Philip J. Currie (eds.). ... Kardong, Kenneth V. "Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton". Vertebrates - Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (6. ed.). Mc ... Hyman, Libbie Henrietta (1942). Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (2nd ed.). Chicago, Illinois, US: The University of Chicago ... Weishampel, David B. (1981). "The nasal cavity of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Reptilia: Ornithischia): comparative anatomy and ...
Hyman, Libbie (1922). Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 123. "Physical Characteristics ... 1]. Especially due to the free copying of old public domain versions of Gray's Anatomy, the old term may still be encountered, ... Interactive tool to identify parts thoraxbones at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) Photos at ... Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Commons category link is on Wikidata, ...
Teach Me Anatomy. https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/summary/ Hagan, Catherine (2012). Comparative Anatomy and ... "A Neurosurgeon's Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System". www.aans.org. Retrieved 2020-12-17. ( ...
Tenney, S.M.; Bartlett, D (1967). "Comparative quantitative morphology of the mammalian lung: trachea". Respiration Physiology ... Warner, Robert W. (1972). "The anatomy of the syrinx in passerine birds". Journal of Zoology. 168 (3): 381-393. doi:10.1111/j. ... Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2022, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Bird anatomy, Bird ... Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55 (6): 962-971. doi:10.1093/icb/icv078. PMID 26141868. ...
Marieb E (2014). Anatomy & physiology. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-321-86158-0. Caldwell HK, Young WS III ... Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 300 (3): R624-9. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00324.2010. PMID 21123762. Collège des ... Journal of Comparative Neurology. 337 (2): 295-306. doi:10.1002/cne.903370210. PMID 8277003. S2CID 35174328. ...
ISBN 978-0-323-15331-7. Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of ... Journal of Anatomy. 234 (1): 83-88. doi:10.1111/joa.12896. PMC 6284436. PMID 30450557. "penis , Description, Anatomy, & ... "Glans Penis: Anatomy, Function, and Common Conditions". Healthline. 2020-05-08. Retrieved 2022-09-24. HSU, G‐L., et al. "The ... Quartey, J. K.M. (2006), Schreiter, F.; Jordan, G.H. (eds.), "Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Urethra and Penis", Urethral ...
Geoffroy's comparative anatomy featured the comparison of the same organ or group of bones through a range of animals. He ... Outlines of Comparative Anatomy. Balliere, London. Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783- ... Grant then became Professor of Comparative Anatomy at University College London, a post he held from 1827 until his death in ... Grant held the UCL chair of comparative anatomy for life (1827-1874); he was elected FRS in 1836; he became Fullerian Professor ...
Hyman, L.H.; Wake, M.H. (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780226870137 ... v t e (Zoology, Embryology, All stub articles, Animal anatomy stubs). ...
Marvalee H. Wake (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. ... "Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection." Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine ... ISBN 978-93-86102-13-3. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sexual anatomy. Look up Wikisaurus:genitalia in Wiktionary, the ... ISBN 978-0-19-856668-7. switze, International Conference on Comparative Physiology 1992 Crans; Bassau, Short & (4 August 1994 ...
Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226 ...
"Comparative Mammary Gland Anatomy". Department of Animal Sciences. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the ... Teplica D, Kovich G, Srock J, Whitaker R, Jeffers E, Wagstaff DA (October 2021). "Newly Identified Gross Human Anatomy: Eight ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Breast anatomy). ...
Journal of Comparative Anatomy. 100 (1): 211-35. doi:10.1002/cne.901000108. PMID 13130712. S2CID 23021010. Bartels CF, Zelinski ... Journal of Anatomy. 94 (Pt 1): 74-81. PMC 1244416. PMID 13808985. Koelle GB (1954). "The histochemical localization of ...
172-. ISBN 978-0-521-33792-2. Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of ... "Male Urethra Function & Urethra Anatomy Pictures". Atlas of Human Anatomy 5th Edition, Netter. Kohler TS, Yadven M, Manvar A, ... Ashton-Miller, J. A.; DeLancey, J. O. (April 2007). "Functional anatomy of the female pelvic floor". Annals of the New York ... Jung, Junyang; Anh, Hyo Kwang; Huh, Youngbuhm (September 2012). "Clinical and Functional Anatomy of the Urethral Sphincter". ...
Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0- ...
Martini; Ober; Nath; Bartholomew; Petti (2013). Visual Anatomy and Physiology. Boston Massachusetts: Pearson Education. ISBN ... 978-1-269-90193-2. Lombardi, Julian (1998). Comparative Vertebrate Reproduction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. link. ( ...
Arachnida". Lectures on Comparative Anatomy. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 252. Yong, Ed (August 31, 2012). " ...
ISBN 978-0-19-971703-3. Hyman LH (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN ... Lombardi J (6 December 2012). Comparative Vertebrate Reproduction. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4615-4937-6. ...
... professor of anatomy and succeeded Alexander Ecker as the director of Freiburg's Institute of Anatomy and Comparative Anatomy. ... WN (Trans.) Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Macmillan and Co., Ltd, London. 1907. Wiedersheim, R. (1893) The Structure of ... He became an expert in comparative anatomy and published a number of relevant textbooks. He also collected early photographs ... WN (Trans.) Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Macmillan and Co., Ltd, New York. 1897. Wiedersheim. R, ...
ISBN 0-03-910284-X. Kingsley, John Sterling (1912). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. P. Blackiston's Son & Co. pp. 217-220. ... University of Manitoba, Anatomy of the Vocal Tract Portal: Anatomy (Articles unintentionally citing retracted publications, ... "taste bud , anatomy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Fiore, Mariano; Eroschenko, Victor (2000). Di Fiore's atlas of histology with ... ISBN 0-02-864558-8. Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Mitchell, Adam W. M. (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia, ...
ISBN 978-0-521-33792-2. Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of ... "Gross Anatomy Image". Medical Gross Anatomy Atlas Images. University of Michigan Medical School. 1997. Retrieved 2015-02-23. ... Anatomy of the Human Body". Retrieved 2015-02-24. Gallup, Gordon G.; Finn, Mary M.; Sammis, Becky (2009). "On the Origin of ... sfn error: no target: CITEREFTCMwell (help) Portal: Anatomy (Harv and Sfn no-target errors, Wikipedia indefinitely move- ...
Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, page 39. ISBN 0-226-87013-8 Mayr, Gerald (2003): ...
9-. ISBN 978-0-674-15250-2. Wake, Marvalee H. (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. pp. ... Kardong, Kenneth V. (2019). Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution (Eighth ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1-259-70091- ... Part I. The Anatomy of the Skeleton.", Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 41 (3) ... 2016), "Pigmented anatomy in Carboniferous cyclostomes and the evolution of the vertebrate eye.", Proc. R. Soc. B, 283 (1836): ...
In 1891 he succeeded Maximilian Braun as professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Rostock. In 1898 he ...
A 2011 study in the journal Comparative Political Studies found that "natural resource wealth can be either a "curse" or a " ... ISBN 978-3-593-38154-1. Hodges, Tony (2004). Angola: Anatomy of an Oil State. Oxford: James Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-875-1. ... Simmons, Joel W. (January 2016). "Resource Wealth and Women's Economic and Political Power in the U.S. States". Comparative ... Jensen, Nathan M.; Johnston, Noel P. (2011-05-16). "Political Risk, Reputation, and the Resource Curse". Comparative Political ...
Orr, C.M.; Delezene; Scott, J.E.; Tocheri, M.W.; Schwartz, G.T. (2007). "The comparative method and the inference of venom- ... 1949). "Observations on the snout of Varanus, and a comparison with that of other lizards and snakes". Journal of Anatomy. 83 ( ... Watson, D.M.; Romer, A.S. (1956). "A classification of therapsid reptiles". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 114 ...
In 1842, Ludwig became a professor of physiology and in 1846 of comparative anatomy. From professorships in Zurich and Vienna ... He made Marburg his home for the next ten years, studying and teaching anatomy and physiology, first as prosector to FL Fick ( ... In 1849 he was chosen professor of anatomy and physiology at Zurich, and 6 years afterwards he went to Vienna as professor in ...
Using the comparative method, they pointed out some similarities to basal Euornithopoda: a small antorbital fenestra; the ... Han, Feng-Lu; Paul M. Barrett; Richard J. Butler; Xing Xu (2012). "Postcranial anatomy of Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis ( ...
In R. Sternberg (Ed.) The anatomy of impact: What has made the great works of psychology great? Washington, D.C.: American ... Some of Jung's writings have been devoted to elucidating some of the archetypal symbols, and include his work in comparative ... Rudolf Otto (1869-1937) was a German Protestant theologian and scholar of comparative religion. Otto's most famous work, The ... ISBN 978-0-7914-0166-8. Bendeck Sotillos, S. (Ed.). (2013). Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy: Studies in Comparative ...
An Essay in Nautical Comparative Anatomy. Clarendon Press, Oxford. OL 26571876M. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sail- ...
2017). A study on the anatomy of the vertebra of Vegasaurus molyi and its implications for the anatomy of the nervous system of ... mount the Kronosaurus discovered in Queensland by the 1930s Harvard expedition for the University's Museum of Comparative ... Seeley published a paper intended to help improve the state of science's understanding of plesiosaur shoulder girdle anatomy, ... 2018). An exceptionally well-preserved elasmosaurid basicranium, providing new information on the anatomy of the skull of ...
... the anatomy of a moral panic". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 July 2012. "The 2009 UN Report on TIP" (PDF). Retrieved 29 ... Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 27 (2): 303-314 [304-5]. doi:10.1215/1089201x-2007-007. Beckman ...
Nussbaum and Wilkinson published further studies in 1997 describing in detail the caecilian's anatomy and morphology. In 1998, ... Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Wilkinson, Mark (1997). "Comparative morphology and evolution of the lungless caecilian Atretochoana ...
Based on its anatomy, researchers have found support for classifying the genus Daubentonia as a specialized indriid, a sister ... In 1873, English comparative anatomist St. George Jackson Mivart countered these arguments and proceeded to define the primates ... Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-372576-9. OCLC 42622248. Asher, R. J.; ... By 1862, William Henry Flower, a comparative anatomist, was arguing against moving strepsirrhines out of Quadrumana into ...
Lee YS, Oh J, Kim YU, Kim N, Yang S, Hwang UW (January 2008). "Mitome: dynamic and interactive database for comparative ... Lehmann G, Budovsky A, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE (2006). "Mitochondrial genome anatomy and species-specific lifespan". ... Toren D, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Lehmann G, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE (January 2016). "MitoAge: a database for comparative ... Mitome: a database for comparative mitochondrial genomics in metazoan animals (no longer available) MitoRes: a resource of ...
Other significant trait differences in Drosophyllum include pollen structure, trichome anatomy, and a woody stem with a deep ... "Comparative physiology of the Droseraceae sensu stricto - How do tentacles bend and traps close?", Proceedings of the 4th ...
... a comparative histological study among the Crocodylomorpha". Journal of Morphology. 276 (4): 425-445. doi:10.1002/jmor.20351. ... Vertebrate anatomy, Dermal and subcutaneous growths, All stub articles, Musculoskeletal system stubs, Dermatology stubs, ...
Vesalius Rio Program: Anatomy of Art, Rio de Janeiro, 2015. Tradition and Innovation: Meeting the Visual Arts, Jerusalem and ... 29-33; original version, with comparative plates by the author, 1 May 2012; abbreviated version Archived 2014-02-01 at the ...
Simon, Rita James (May 2001). A comparative perspective on major social problems. Lexington Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7391-0248- ... pants in order to remain relatively unnoticed in farms and slaughterhouses while she painted animals and studied animal anatomy ...
The jaws are the main argument for monophyly, but such anatomy is strongly influenced by diet and environment, and could in all ... Elton, S.; Bishop, L. C.; Wood, B. (2001). "Comparative context of Plio-Pleistocene hominin brain evolution". Journal of Human ... The hand of KNM-ER 47000 shows Australopithecus-like anatomy lacking the third metacarpal styloid process (which allows the ... it would show a limb anatomy quite similar to that of the contemporary H. habilis.: 116 Instead, the OH 80 femur, more like H. ...
The French Second Empire: An Anatomy of Political Power (Cambridge, 2001), p. 327. Evans, Robert; Pogge von Strandmann, Hartmut ... a comparative perspective. XIV International Economic History Congress of the International Economic History Association, ...
Kardong, Kenneth (2019). "Reproductive system". Vertebrates : comparative anatomy, function, evolution (8th ed.). New York: ... Anatomy photo:44:04-0202 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Male Pelvis: The Urinary Bladder" Anatomy photo:44:08-0103 ... Male accessory gland infection (MAGI) Male accessory glands Rowen D. Frandson; W. Lee Wilke; Anna Dee Fails (2009). "Anatomy of ... 2016). "Seminal vesicles". Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice (41st ed.). Philadelphia. pp. 1279-1280. ...
Tortora, G. J., & Grabowski, S. R. (1996). Principles of anatomy and physiology. New York, NY: HarperCollins College. 14th Ed. ... Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 128 (3): 505-514. doi:10.1016/s1095-6433( ...
"Delaware Anatomy." Anthropological Linguistics 19:4 (April 1977) 144-166. Newcomb Jr., William W. "The Culture and ... Delaware Verbal Morphology: A Descriptive and Comparative Study. Garland Publishers, 1979 Hilbert, Alfred G. "That Word ' ...
His main scientific interest comparative anatomy and his studies were said to be facilitated by a large collection of bones, ... In 1863 he was named a professor of anatomy at the University of Bern (1866/67, academic rector), and in 1884 at the University ...
Galton, P.M. (1973). "On the anatomy and relationships of Efraasia diagnostica (Huene) n.gen., a prosauropod dinosaur (Reptilia ... Sereno, P.C. (2007). "The phylogenetic relationships of early dinosaurs: a comparative report". Historical Biology. 19 (1): 145 ... anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkably well-preserved dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil". ... "Anatomy of the dinosaur Pampadromaeus barberenai (Saurischia-Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of ...
Compendio di zoologia e anatomia comparata, 3 volumes, 1869, 1870, 1871 - Outline of zoology and comparative anatomy. Prime ... and in 1869 became a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Padua. In 1862 he founded the Società ...
Merz, R. A.; Woodin, S. A. (2006). "Polychaete chaetae: Function, fossils, and phylogeny". Integrative and Comparative Biology ... CS1: long volume value, Annelid anatomy). ...
Anatomy of the SS State. New York: Walker and Company. ISBN 978-0-00211-026-6. Krumenacker, Thomas (7 April 2006). "Nazis ... but the ethnic and cultural diversity of American immigrant Jewish communities and their comparative lack of political power in ...
Using knowledge of the local anatomy, these motions can then be translated into anatomical terms of motion in the plane of the ... accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A. 313 (5): 262-279. doi: ...
ISBN 0-443-07116-0. Anatomy photo: Respiratory/lung/vasc4/vasc - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis - " ...
Butterfield, Nicholas J. (2003). "Exceptional Fossil Preservation and the Cambrian Explosion". Integrative and Comparative ... producing a three-dimensional fossil replicating the anatomy of the original organism. Only gross morphological information is ...
Collinge was a lecturer in zoology and comparative anatomy at Birmingham University when it was founded in 1900. From 1915-1919 ...
Abstract Report of Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy of Man Br Med J 1880; 1 :507 doi:10.1136/bmj.1.1005.507 ... Abstract Report of Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy of Man. Br Med J 1880; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.1005.507 ( ...
Comparative genomics show intensive expansion and alterations of meiotic cell cycle-related genes and an oocyte-specific ... et al. Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish. Nat Ecol Evol 6, 1354-1366 ( ... Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish. *Yang Wang ORCID: orcid.org/0000- ... 6: Comparative cytological observation and sporadic homologous recombination during oogenic division between C. gibelio and C. ...
BIO 302 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Phylogeny and anatomy of vertebrates. (2-0-4) Offered winter semester. Prerequisite: ...
Comparative anatomy of male genital organs in the genus Apis. G. Koenigera, N. Koenigera, M. Mardanb, G. Otisb and S. Wongsiric ... Abstract - Comparative morphological studies of male genitalia from 6 honey bee species revealed distinct qualitative ...
This interactive module traces the evolutionary history of birds by comparing the bone structures of a chicken to those of other species.
Comparative. Anatomy, Physiology,. and Hygieneby. Eunice P. Cutter. Human and Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. di ... Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygieneby. John W. Ritchie. The Essentials. of HealthA Text-Book on Anatomy, Physiology,. Hygiene, ... Anatomy, Physiology. and Hygiene, Human. and ComparativeFor Common and Grammar Schools and for Familiesby. Calvin Cutter. ... Anatomy and. PhysiologyDesigned for Academies and Familiesby. Calvin Cutter. Elements of the. Anatomy, Physiology. and Hygiene ...
Thus, it was thought that vegetative anatomy might provide clues to the monophyly of the group. The microscopic structure of ... It was concluded that the anatomy lacks overall uniformity and that vegetative characters alone are insufficient to assess the ... Stern, William Louis and Carlsward, Barbara S., "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae)" ( ... Thus, it was thought that vegetative anatomy might provide clues to the monophyly of the group. The microscopic structure of ...
Title : Comparative dental anatomy in newborn primates: Cusp mineralization Personal Author(s) : Paddock, Kelsey;Zeigler, ...
Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Mc Graw Hill M. Hildebrand. 1998. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. ...
... for extra credit they could create something based on what they learned in anatomy. ...
Posts about comparative anatomy written by Karl Anthony Mercer ... comparative anatomy. Caturday Special: Homotherium. A look at ... Tags:american, atrox, cave, cave hyena, cave lion, cave lion cubs, cave paintings, chauvet, comparative anatomy, crocuta ... Tags:adorable, asia, asian, bangladesh, Caturday, common genet, comparative anatomy, conservation, cute, diet, evolutionary ... comparative anatomy, Culture, did homotherium butcher prey, dirk tooth, dirk-tooth, eurasia, europe, evolution, felidae, feline ...
Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates, Integument, Skeleton, Dermal Skeleton, Endoskeleton, Vertebral column, Ribs, Sternum, ... PLANT ANATOMY From the Standpoint of the Development and Functions of the Tissues and Handbook of Micro-Technic ... Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates, Integument, Skeleton, Dermal Skeleton, Endoskeleton, Vertebral column, Ribs, Sternum, ...
BIO 410 - Comparative Anatomy A study of the phylogeny and gross structure of the organ systems of the vertebrates. Major ...
SILVA, Rhonan Ferreira da et al. Importance of the comparative anatomy in Forensic Anthropology : case report. RSBO (Online) [ ... Objective: To highlight the relevance of comparative anatomy analysis to differentiate human and non-human remains. Case report ... it is relevant to be trained and aware of the usefulness of comparative anatomy into the forensic anthropology routine in order ...
Veterinary comparative anatomy 200. Module code. VCA 200. Qualification. Undergraduate. Faculty. Faculty of Veterinary Science ...
Comparative Anatomy. $45.00. Add to cart. * In the Coils of the Labyrinth. $16.95. Add to cart ...
A comparative study on analysis of various teaching learning methodologies in anatomy. ... The modern methods of teaching anatomy in lecture hall withpower point presentation or virtual anatomy is only a supportive ... Problem based learning also has conferred a lot of advantages in making the students analyze andcorrelate Anatomy with its ... Background: Teaching medical students the subject of Anatomy has always been a challenging task. This studywas conducted to ...
Gallery of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy. This museum houses an imposing skeleton army comprised of creatures great and ...
Comparative Anatomy eBook Stephen Gallagher MSRP: Was: Now: $5.99 preorder Quick view. ...
Galleries of Paleontology and Comparative Anatomy, Paris, France Thousands of skeletons await at these galleries inside the ...
Clinical Anatomy for Small Animal Practitioners . . . . Comparative Veterinary Histology with Clinical Correlates . . . . ... Mechanisms of Disease: A Textbook of Comparative General Pathology (3rd edition) . . . . Tumors in Domestic Animals (4th ... Guide to the Regional Ruminant Anatomy Based on the Dissection of the Goat . . . . ... Clinical Anatomy for Small Animal Practitioners . . . . Comparative Veterinary Histology with Clinical Correlates . . . . ...
... JAMA. 2015 Jan 13;313(2):174-89. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.15939 ... Comparative Study MeSH terms * Biomedical Research / economics* * Biomedical Research / trends * Clinical Trials as Topic ...
Chapter 2 Comparative anatomy and physiology of the corticospinal system.. *M. Schieber ... A comparative fiber and numerical analysis of the pyramidal tract. *A. M. Lassek, G. L. Rasmussen ... The importance of being agranular: a comparative account of visual and motor cortex. *S. Shipp ... A betz cell and pyramidal tract enumeration}, author={Arthur M. Lassek}, journal={Journal of Comparative Neurology}, year={1941 ...
Kardong, Kenneth (2011-02-16). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. p. 701. ... Kardong, KV (1998) Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution2nd edition, illustrated, revised. Published by WCB/ ...
Fossils and Comparative Anatomy ×. Fossils and Comparative Anatomy. In this simulation, you will order a series of fossils in ... Anatomy & Physiology Astronomy Biology - Majors Biology - Non-Majors Chemistry Cell/Molecular Biology and Genetics Earth & ... Anatomy & Physiology, Biology (Majors and Non-majors), Botany, Environmental Science, Genetics, Human Biology, Medical ... and identify the gross anatomy observed during an eye dissection. ...
Think Youre Cut Out for Doing Atlas And Dissection Guide For Comparative Anatomy Pdf? Take This Quiz ... Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy PDF Drive.. Anatomy is taught in friendly high-tech 100 square foot lab with 22 dissection ... This model in comparative anatomy ppt lectures are particularly index fossils found with emphasis on? Comparative Imaging of ... The correct name may have been received and incorporated into skullcap, anatomy and dissection for comparative anatomy that you ...
  • Chapter 2 Comparative anatomy and physiology of the corticospinal system. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Hol science lab answers anatomy and physiology. (lovestatus.website)
  • Online medical courses may be general, like anatomy and physiology, or specific like those dealing with healthcare informatics, patient transportation, and so on. (edsanta.com)
  • The scope the journal embraces articles of human and comparative anatomy, embryology, histology, histochemistry, neurology and functional aspects of eh anatomical sciences. (who.int)
  • Anders Retzius and the Dental Histologists of the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Their Contribution to Comparative Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phylogeny and anatomy of vertebrates. (gvsu.edu)
  • 2012. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. (auth.gr)
  • These two terms, used in anatomy and embryology , describe something at the back ( dorsal ) or front/belly ( ventral ) of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "rostral" is rarely used in human anatomy, apart from embryology , and refers more to the front of the face than the superior aspect of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the comparative developmental morphology, embryology and systematics in Laurales. (bbg.org)
  • Stern, William Louis and Carlsward, Barbara S., "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae)" (2009). (eiu.edu)
  • Botanists address their investigation in forensic botany by studying plant ecology, vegetal anatomy, systematics, palynology, algology, and plant DNA in soil and sediment. (advances-in-geosciences.net)
  • For more information about the relevant anatomy, see Skeletal System Anatomy in Adults and Osteology (Bone Anatomy) . (medscape.com)
  • Comparative Osteology - A Laboratory and Field Guide of Common North American Animals. (boneidentification.com)
  • We recognize we are not the only online resource out there for comparative osteology! (boneidentification.com)
  • Russell Bone Atlas - At the same time that OsteoID was being developed, Jim Russell began launching a comparative osteology site. (boneidentification.com)
  • BoneID - Additional comparative osteology images. (boneidentification.com)
  • Avian Osteology - Comparative bird osteology based on measurements. (boneidentification.com)
  • The Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy accepts for publication manuscripts of high standard containing reports of original scientific research in the morphology, mechanical functioning and development of man and animals. (who.int)
  • Laboratory dissection guide for Functional comparative anatomy of the. (lovestatus.website)
  • Video exposure assessments were conducted in a comparative anatomy laboratory using formaldehyde-preserved sharks and cats. (cdc.gov)
  • He delivered the corpse of a smallpox victim recently buried to the dissecting laboratory and intentionally infected many anatomy students ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Potential health hazards for students exposed to formaldehyde in the gross anatomy laboratory. (ijmhr.org)
  • Excruciating Effect of Formaldehyde Exposure to Students in Gross Anatomy Dissection Laboratory. (ijmhr.org)
  • Cardio-respiratory effects of acute exposure to formaldehyde in gross anatomy laboratory in medical students - A comparative study. (ijmhr.org)
  • Journal of comparative neurology / Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. (bvs.br)
  • International Journal of Anatomy and Research. (who.int)
  • Abstract - Comparative morphological studies of male genitalia from 6 honey bee species revealed distinct qualitative differences in each species in both everted endophalli and endophalli in situ. (apidologie.org)
  • Detailed systematic schemes have thus been constructed through extensive comparative morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the ciliature and of its internal cytoskeletal derivatives (the infraciliature), as well as of the architecture of the oral apparatus. (us.es)
  • In respect your teeth, deaths per instructor students to enrich your life work extremely hard coating on anatomy and dissection for pdf ebooks online practice tests and use of the. (lovestatus.website)
  • Getting the books atlas and dissection guide for comparative anatomy now is not ahead of challenging means You suffer not unaccompanied going idle than. (lovestatus.website)
  • Here you are usually followed by malignancies or foreign matter is a single type of the facial skeleton of action to give two centuries, including dry the role in meningitis, for comparative anatomy and dissection pdf ebooks without impacting how it. (lovestatus.website)
  • You consent to all cases, india launches virtual chem lab on lab as a guide and dissection for comparative anatomy pdf download and will notify the middle section will discuss morphology as. (lovestatus.website)
  • Atlas and Dissection Guide for Comparative Anatomy BOOK DETAIL Paperback 331 pages Publisher W H Freeman Sixth edition February 13 2006. (lovestatus.website)
  • Anatomy is taught in friendly high-tech 100 square foot lab with 22 dissection tables. (lovestatus.website)
  • There are well as dietary fat as you can see small houses the anatomy and dissection guide for comparative myology. (lovestatus.website)
  • A fruit anatomy and morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is associated with the type of a fruit (PO:0009001). (eol.org)
  • Handbook of the special pathological anatomy of domestic animals. (who.int)
  • In this context, this project aims to perform a comparative study of the leaf anatomy of four species of Chresta, being two from Cerrado and two others from Caatinga. (fapesp.br)
  • Where there are clear comparative diagnoses of two or more species within a genus, these diagnoses have been included. (pfeil-verlag.de)
  • Ideal for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in human evolutionary anatomy, The Human Strategy can also be used in human anatomy and human evolution courses. (oup.com)
  • The institute offers an undergraduate class called Comparative Health Policy. (edsanta.com)
  • Journal of Comparative Pathology [electronic resource]. (who.int)
  • The Anatomy Lab miniature human skeleton model offers a great amount of anatomical detail for an entry-level mini skeleton model. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The Anatomy Lab basic skull anatomy model is a life-size adult plastic skull that has a very respectable amount of anatomical detail for your first skull model. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • This example - a child's head dressed in a Turkish cap - was part of the collection of Jan Bleuland (1756-1838), a professor of anatomy and obstetrics at Utrecht University, and himself a respected creator of anatomical preparations. (newscientist.com)
  • Dr Surajit Kundu, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy. (ijmhr.org)
  • In recent years, a consensus was reached in which the phylum was divided in eight classes as defined by Lynn and Corliss [Lynn, D. H. and Corliss, J. O. (1991) in Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates: Protozoa (Wiley-Liss, New York), Vol. 1, pp. 333-467]. (us.es)
  • Preserved Specimen: Cow Eye Anatomy Lab's Preserved Cow Eye Specimen is perfect for learning about the internal and external structures of the organ. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (bvsalud.org)
  • It offers a comparative study of other countries' health systems with America. (edsanta.com)
  • The Anatomy Lab micro desktop skeleton model is our smallest and most basic, entry-level skeleton offering. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • This course explores comparative reproductive biology in terrestrial and marine wildlife and domesticated animals. (umass.edu)
  • The Anatomy Lab Supplemental IV Kit has everything you need to continue your training and education in the healthcare industry. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • To highlight the relevance of comparative anatomy analysis to differentiate human and non-human remains. (bvsalud.org)
  • University of Georgia OERGalileo Online PDF undefined Human Anatomy Lab Manual by. (lovestatus.website)
  • The human gluteus maximus is a distinctive muscle in terms of size, anatomy and function compared to apes and other non-human primates. (biologists.com)
  • This comparative approach eliminated redundancy and inconsistent terminology, enabling us to differentiate true anatomic variations between mouse and human lungs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative Bone Identification - Human Subadult to Nonhuman. (boneidentification.com)
  • A course outline for CIE 1006: Democracy, Human Rights and Democratic Education in an Era of Globalization offered by Comparative, International & Development Education Centre (CIDEC- OISE). (utoronto.ca)
  • General Human Anatomy Course: The course provides the students with a brief introduction to human anatomy. (edsanta.com)
  • In this context, it is relevant to be trained and aware of the usefulness of comparative anatomy into the forensic anthropology routine in order to perform complete and accurate examinations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Comparative Skeletal Anatomy - A Photographic Atlas for Medical Examiners, Coroners, Forensic Anthropologists, and Archeologists. (boneidentification.com)
  • Vascular anatomy of Ranalian flowers, - II. (bbg.org)
  • Recently, the Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program (LungMAP) was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to develop an integrated open access database (known as BREATH) to characterize the molecular and cellular anatomy of the developing lung. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data will be arranged in a binary characters matrix and, from this, a comparative and descriptive analysis will be performed. (fapesp.br)
  • This research has investigated in to a comparative analysis of rental variation in residential and commercial properties in Ogui New Layout, Enugu Nigeria. (projecttopicsexperts.com)
  • Anatomy ontologies are designed to capture biological concepts and descriptions in a way that can be easily categorized and analyzed with computer technology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has a reputation of being difficult, so in lab I created a project to help students connect with the material (this was based on the 'UnEssay' project developed by E. Sargent) - for extra credit they could create something based on what they learned in anatomy. (thekanelab.com)
  • Background: Teaching medical students the subject of Anatomy has always been a challenging task. (who.int)
  • Problem based learning also has conferred a lot of advantages in making the students analyze andcorrelate Anatomy with its clinical implications. (who.int)
  • Great differences in anatomy and function exist between the occiput-C1, the C1-2 (upper complex), and C3-C7 (lower complex) levels. (medscape.com)
  • 2009. Comparative gynoecium structure and development in Calycanthaceae (Laurales). (bbg.org)