Anatomy comparative. Medical search

A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.

The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.

Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)

A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.

Conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The purpose of this research is to inform patients, providers, and decision-makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances. (hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/draftdefinition.html accessed 6/12/2009)

The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A dead body, usually a human body.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.

The biological science concerned with similarities or differences in the life-supporting functions and processes of different species.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

The study of the anatomical structures of animals.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.

General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.

A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.

Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).

Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.

The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

Veins draining the cerebrum.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.

A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

A specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when CATALOGING; ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING; or searching BOOKS; JOURNALS AS TOPIC; and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings (SUBJECT HEADINGS). The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)

Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.

Digital image data sets, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

The educational process of instructing.

Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.

Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.

Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.

A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.

Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

This single species of Gorilla, which is a member of the HOMINIDAE family, is the largest and most powerful of the PRIMATES. It is distributed in isolated scattered populations throughout forests of equatorial Africa.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.

The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

A species of orangutan, family HOMINIDAE, found in the forests on the island of Borneo.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.

The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes beets and chard (BETA VULGARIS), as well as SPINACH, and salt tolerant plants.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.

A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Cold-blooded, air-breathing VERTEBRATES belonging to the class Reptilia, usually covered with external scales or bony plates.

Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.

The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.

Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)

The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of homologous tissues across various species.

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

The period of history before 500 of the common era.

A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.

Veins which drain the liver.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.

An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Nodular bones which lie within a tendon and slide over another bony surface. The PATELLA (kneecap) is a sesamoid bone.

Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.

Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins.

The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.

Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.

Evolution of the ventricles. (1/130)

We studied the evolution of ventricles by macroscopic examination of the hearts of marine cartilaginous and bony fish, and by angiocardiography and gross examination of the hearts of air-breathing freshwater fish, frogs, turtles, snakes, and crocodiles. A right-sided, thin-walled ventricular lumen is seen in the fish, frog, turtle, and snake. In fish, there is external symmetry of the ventricle, internal asymmetry, and a thick-walled left ventricle with a small inlet chamber. In animals such as frogs, turtles, and snakes, the left ventricle exists as a small-cavitied contractile sponge. The high pressure generated by this spongy left ventricle, the direction of the jet, the ventriculoarterial orientation, and the bulbar spiral valve in the frog help to separate the systemic and pulmonary circulations. In the crocodile, the right aorta is connected to the left ventricle, and there is a complete interventricular septum and an improved left ventricular lumen when compared with turtles and snakes. The heart is housed in a rigid pericardial cavity in the shark, possibly to protect it from changing underwater pressure. The pericardial cavity in various species permits movements of the heart-which vary depending on the ventriculoarterial orientation and need for the ventricle to generate torque or spin on the ejected blood- that favor run-off into the appropriate arteries and their branches. In the lower species, it is not clear whether the spongy myocardium contributes to myocardial oxygenation. In human beings, spongy myocardium constitutes a rare form of congenital heart disease. (+info)

Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: an old brain in a new head. (2/130)

The earliest craniates achieved a unique condition among bilaterally symmetrical animals: they possessed enlarged, elaborated brains with paired sense organs and unique derivatives of neural crest and placodal tissues, including peripheral sensory ganglia, visceral arches, and head skeleton. The craniate sister taxon, cephalochordates, has rostral portions of the neuraxis that are homologous to some of the major divisions of craniate brains. Moreover, recent data indicate that many genes involved in patterning the nervous system are common to all bilaterally symmetrical animals and have been inherited from a common ancestor. Craniates, thus, have an "old" brain in a new head, due to re-expression of these anciently acquired genes. The transition to the craniate brain from a cephalochordate-like ancestral form may have involved a mediolateral shift in expression of the genes that specify nervous system development from various parts of the ectoderm. It is suggested here that the transition was sequential. The first step involved the presence of paired, lateral eyes, elaboration of the alar plate, and enhancement of the descending visual pathway to brainstem motor centers. Subsequently, this central visual pathway served as a template for the additional sensory systems that were elaborated and/or augmented with the "bloom" of migratory neural crest and placodes. This model accounts for the marked uniformity of pattern across central sensory pathways and for the lack of any neural crest-placode cranial nerve for either the diencephalon or mesencephalon. Anat Rec (New Anat) 261:111-125, 2000. (+info)

Evolution of the basal ganglia: new perspectives through a comparative approach. (3/130)

The basal ganglia (BG) have received much attention during the last 3 decades mainly because of their clinical relevance. Our understanding of their structure, organisation and function in terms of chemoarchitecture, compartmentalisation, connections and receptor localisation has increased equally. Most of the research has been focused on the mammalian BG, but a considerable number of studies have been carried out in nonmammalian vertebrates, in particular reptiles and birds. The BG of the latter 2 classes of vertebrates, which together with mammals constitute the amniotic vertebrates, have been thoroughly studied by means of tract-tracing and immunohistochemical techniques. The terminology used for amniotic BG structures has frequently been adopted to indicate putative corresponding structures in the brain of anamniotes, i.e. amphibians and fishes, but data for such a comparison were, until recently, almost totally lacking. It has been proposed several times that the occurrence of well developed BG structures probably constitutes a landmark in the anamniote-amniote transition. However, our recent studies of connections, chemoarchitecture and development of the basal forebrain of amphibians have revealed that tetrapod vertebrates share a common pattern of BG organisation. This pattern includes the existence of dorsal and ventral striatopallidal systems, reciprocal connections between the striatopallidal complex and the diencephalic and mesencephalic basal plate (striatonigral and nigrostriatal projections), and descending pathways from the striatopallidal system to the midbrain tectum and reticular formation. The connectional similarities are paralleled by similarities in the distribution of chemical markers of striatal and pallidal structures such as dopamine, substance P and enkephalin, as well as by similarities in development and expression of homeobox genes. On the other hand, a major evolutionary trend is the progressive involvement of the cortex in the processing of the thalamic sensory information relayed to the BG of tetrapods. By using the comparative approach, new insights have been gained with respect to certain features of the BG of vertebrates in general, such as the segmental organisation of the midbrain dopaminergic cell groups, the occurrence of large numbers of dopaminergic cell bodies within the telencephalon itself and the variability in, among others, connectivity and chemoarchitecture. However, the intriguing question whether the basal forebrain organisation of nontetrapods differs essentially from that observed in tetrapods still needs to be answered. (+info)

Evolutionary anticipation of the human heart. (4/130)

We have studied the comparative anatomy of hearts from fish, frog, turtle, snake, crocodile, birds (duck, chicken, quail), mammals (elephant, dolphin, sheep, goat, ox, baboon, wallaby, mouse, rabbit, possum, echidna) and man. The findings were analysed with respect to the mechanism of evolution of the heart. (+info)

Soft-tissue anatomy of the extant hominoids: a review and phylogenetic analysis. (5/130)

This paper reports the results of a literature search for information about the soft-tissue anatomy of the extant non-human hominoid genera, Pan, Gorilla, Pongo and Hylobates, together with the results of a phylogenetic analysis of these data plus comparable data for Homo. Information on the four extant non-human hominoid genera was located for 240 out of the 1783 soft-tissue structures listed in the Nomina Anatomica. Numerically these data are biased so that information about some systems (e.g. muscles) and some regions (e.g. the forelimb) are over-represented, whereas other systems and regions (e.g. the veins and the lymphatics of the vascular system, the head region) are either under-represented or not represented at all. Screening to ensure that the data were suitable for use in a phylogenetic analysis reduced the number of eligible soft-tissue structures to 171. These data, together with comparable data for modern humans, were converted into discontinuous character states suitable for phylogenetic analysis and then used to construct a taxon-by-character matrix. This matrix was used in two tests of the hypothesis that soft-tissue characters can be relied upon to reconstruct hominoid phylogenetic relationships. In the first, parsimony analysis was used to identify cladograms requiring the smallest number of character state changes. In the second, the phylogenetic bootstrap was used to determine the confidence intervals of the most parsimonious clades. The parsimony analysis yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram that matched the molecular cladogram. Similarly the bootstrap analysis yielded clades that were compatible with the molecular cladogram; a (Homo, Pan) clade was supported by 95% of the replicates, and a (Gorilla, Pan, Homo) clade by 96%. These are the first hominoid morphological data to provide statistically significant support for the clades favoured by the molecular evidence. (+info)

Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. (6/130)

Studies of the comparative morphology of the tongues of living vertebrates have revealed how variations in the morphology and function of the organ might be related to evolutional events. The tongue, which plays a very important role in food intake by vertebrates, exhibits significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat. This review examines the fundamental importance of morphology in the evolution of the vertebrate tongue, focusing on the origin of the tongue and on the relationship between morphology and environmental conditions. Tongues of various extant vertebrates, including those of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, were analysed in terms of gross anatomy and microanatomy by light microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons of tongue morphology revealed a relationship between changes in the appearance of the tongue and changes in habitat, from a freshwater environment to a terrestrial environment, as well as a relationship between the extent of keratinization of the lingual epithelium and the transition from a moist or wet environment to a dry environment. The lingual epithelium of amphibians is devoid of keratinization while that of reptilians is keratinized to different extents. Reptiles live in a variety of habitats, from seawater to regions of high temperature and very high or very low humidity. Keratinization of the lingual epithelium is considered to have been acquired concomitantly with the evolution of amniotes. The variations in the extent of keratinization of the lingual epithelium, which is observed between various amniotes, appear to be secondary, reflecting the environmental conditions of different species. (+info)

Comparative morphology of Astraea latispina (Philippi, 1844) and Astraea olfersii (Philippi, 1846) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Turbinidae). (7/130)

The present study examines comparatively the soft parts of turbinids Astraea latispina and Astraea olfersii. The characters of soft parts of these species, in agreement with Trochoidea organization, allow a differential diagnosis on the cefalic lappets, appendix of eye-stalk, hypobranchial glands, jaws, radulae, and stomach spiral caecum, which information will be helpful in taxonomic studies. (+info)

FINE STRUCTURE OF THE PINEAL ORGANS OF THE ADULT FROG, RANA PIPIENS. (8/130)

Frontal organs and epiphyses of the pineal system from the adult frog, Rana pipiens, were fixed in s-collidine-buffered osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon 812, and examined by electron microscopy. Epiphyseal material was also fixed in a variety of ways and subjected to a series of cytochemical tests for light microscopy. An ultrastructure resembling that of lateral eye retina is confirmed in this species. Photoreceptor cells of the epiphysis and frontal organ display many cytological features similar to those of retinal rods and cones in the arrangement of their outer and inner segments and synaptic components. However, in these pineal organs the outer segments are disoriented relative to each other and may display a disarranged internal organization unlike normal retinal photoreceptors. Furthermore, other pineal outer segments often appear degenerate. Since immature stages in the development of new outer segments also appear to be present, adult pineal photoreceptors are probably engaged in a constant renewal of outer segment membranes. The evidence further suggests that macrophages are involved in phagocytosis of degenerated outer segments. Postulated photoreceptor activities and the possibility of secondary pineal functions, such as secretion, are discussed in view of current morphological and cytochemical findings. (+info)

Comparative anatomy[edit]. The HPG axis is highly conserved in the animal kingdom.[19] While reproductive patterns may vary, ... Katja Hoehn; Marieb, Elaine Nicpon (2007). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. pp. 1090-1110 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal_axis

Anatomy. Simple. Comparative. Physiology. Medicine. Hygiene. Hygiene, properly said. Cosmetics (Orthopedics). Athletics ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figurative_system_of_human_knowledge

In: Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Harrison, F.W. & Kohn, A.J. (eds.), Vol. 5: Mollusca I. Wiley-Liss, New York: 111-252 ... Carpenter, William Benjamin (1854). Principles of comparative physiology. 4th ed. London: John Churchill, [4]. ... von (1874). Anatomy of the Invertebrata. Translated by W.I. Burnett. Boston: J. Campbell, [5]. ... Harrison, F.W. & Chia, F.-S. (1994). Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Vol. 14: Echinodermata. Wiley-Liss, New York, [2]. ...

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"Comparative Anatomy: Andreas Vesalius". evolution.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-04.. *^ a b c Zampieri F, ElMaghawry M, ... The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt shows an anatomy lesson taking place in Amsterdam in 1632. ... "Anatomy in the Renaissance". metmuseum.org. Retrieved 2018-11-19.. *^ Da Vinci L (1967). The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci. ... "Journal of Anatomy. 219 (2): 91-99. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01381.x. PMC 3162231. PMID 21496014.. ...

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Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 583-. ISBN 978-0 ... General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of ... Anatomy[edit]. Male[edit]. See also: Category:Male urethra.. In the human male, the urethra is about 8 inches (20 cm) long and ... Atlas of Human Anatomy 5th Edition, Netter. *^ Kohler TS, Yadven M, Manvar A, Liu N, Monga M (2008). "The length of the male ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_urethra

"Applied comparative anatomy of the avian middle ear" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 87: 155-6. PMC 1294398 . ... Lucas, Alfred M. (1972). Avian Anatomy - integument. East Lansing, Michigan, USA: USDA Avian Anatomy Project, Michigan State ... "Integrative and Comparative Biology. 56 (3): 389-403. doi:10.1093/icb/icw069. ISSN 1540-7063.. ... Anatomy. The bursa of fabricius is a circular pouch connected to the superior dorsal side of the cloaca . The bursa is composed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_skeleton

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 583-. ISBN 978-0 ... Atlas of Human Anatomy 5th Edition, Netter.. *^ Kohler TS, Yadven M, Manvar A, Liu N, Monga M (2008). "The length of the male ... In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourḗthrā) is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for ... Moore, Keith (2006). Clinically oriented anatomy : student CD-ROM [CD-ROM] (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination

"The Thoracic Cage · Anatomy and Physiology". Retrieved 10 March 2018.. *^ Hyman, Libbie Henrietta (1992). Hyman's Comparative ... General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of ... Institution for Anatomy, Uppsala. 2008. *^ Agur, Anne M.R.; Dalley, Arthur F. II (2009). Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, Twelfth ... Kardong, Kenneth V. (1995). Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution. McGraw-Hill. pp. 55, 57. ISBN 0-697-21991-7. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_cage

"Lectures on Comparative Anatomy. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 252.. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demodex

Kardong K (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121: McGraw-Hill ... Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47 (1): 70-81. doi:10.1093/icb/icm034. PMID 21672821.. ... Journal of Anatomy. 227 (3): 341-51. doi:10.1111/joa.12342. PMID 26183820.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0- ... General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of ... "Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection." Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. ... "Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the Human Body". Jones & Bartlett Learning. Retrieved 19 February 2018.. .mw-parser- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organs

Kardong K (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121: McGraw-Hill ... "Journal of Anatomy. 227 (3): 341-51. doi:10.1111/joa.12342. PMC 4560568. PMID 26183820.. ... General and Comparative Endocrinology. 118 (2): 209-25. doi:10.1006/gcen.2000.7466. PMID 10890563.. ... General and Comparative Endocrinology. 118 (2): 209-25. doi:10.1006/gcen.2000.7466. PMID 10890563.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sting_ray

Hyman, L. Henrietta (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 448-. ISBN 978-0-226-87013 ... a b Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 960. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am ... Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 970. *^ University of Minnesota. "Papillary Muscles". Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy. Archived from the ... Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 959. *^ J., Tortora, Gerard (2009). Principles of human anatomy. Nielsen, Mark T. (Mark Thomas) (11th ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0- ... General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of ... Clark, Robert K. (2005). Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the Human Body. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763748166. ... The template below (Anatomy navs) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. › ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0- ... "Gross anatomy and ultrasonographic images of the reproductive system of the sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)." ... Frandson, Rowen D.; Wilke, W. Lee; Fails, Anna Dee (30 June 2009). Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. John Wiley & Sons. ... In: F.-V. Salomon and others (eds.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. pp. 368-403. ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1. Sergi Bonet; Isabel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis

Comparative anatomy and classification[edit]. At the Paris Museum, Cuvier furthered his studies on the anatomical ... Le Règne Animal; establishing the fields of stratigraphy and comparative anatomy, and the principle of faunal succession in the ... Today comparative anatomy has reached such a point of perfection that, after inspecting a single bone, one can often determine ... However, despite Cuvier's exaggerations of the power of his principle, the basic concept is central to comparative anatomy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cuvier

Elements of Comparative Anatomy. By Carl Gegenbaur ... Tr. by F. Jeffrey Bell ... The Translation Rev. and a Preface Written by ... Hyman, Libbie (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (3 ed.). The University of Chicago Press. p. 210. ISBN 978- ... "Origin and Comparative Anatomy of the Pectoral Limb". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 466 (3): 531-42. doi:10.1007/ ... "Origin and Comparative Anatomy of the Pectoral Limb". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 466 (3): 531-42. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_peduncle

Hyman, Libbie (1922). Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 123. "Physical Characteristics ... 1]. Especially due to the free copying of old public domain versions of Gray's Anatomy, the old term may still be encountered, ... Hyman (1922), p.124 Interactive tool to identify parts thoraxbones at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown ... Lumbar vertebrae This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 102 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae

Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 5th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. Pp 779. Birkhead TR & Møller AP. 1993. ... Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates, an Evolutionary Perspective 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole - Thomson Learning. Pp703. ... Rowe, L. & Arnqvist, G. (2002) Sexually antagonistic coevolution in a mating system: combining experimental and comparative ... bird anatomy), to more general regions of the reproductive tract enriched with receptors to which sperm associate before ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_sperm_storage

Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 5-33. ISBN 0-253-32684-2.. ... Hancock, Ian (1997). "A Glossary of Romani Terms". American Journal of Comparative Law. 45 (2): 329-344. doi:10.2307/840853. ... Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 81-92. ISBN 0-253-32684-2.. ... Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 553-568. ISBN 0-253-32684-2.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp

Journal of Comparative Anatomy. 100 (1): 211-35. doi:10.1002/cne.901000108. PMID 13130712. S2CID 23021010. Bartels CF, Zelinski ... Journal of Anatomy. 94 (Pt 1): 74-81. PMC 1244416. PMID 13808985. Koelle GB (1954). "The histochemical localization of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase

Teach Me Anatomy. https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/summary/ Hagan, Catherine (2012). Comparative Anatomy and ... "A Neurosurgeon's Overview of the Anatomy of the Spine and Peripheral Nervous System". www.aans.org. Retrieved 2020-12-17.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_root

Gottschaldt, K. -M. (1974). "The physiological basis of tactile sensibility in the beak of geese". Journal of Comparative ... Gray, Henry; Lewis, Warren (1918). Anatomy of the Human Body. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. p. 1060. ... Journal of Comparative Neurology. 179 (2): 301-324. doi:10.1002/cne.901790205. ISSN 0021-9967. PMID 641220. S2CID 25417839. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_corpuscles_of_Grandry

ISBN 978-0-323-15331-7. Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of ... Howard E. Evans; Alexander de Lahunta (7 August 2013). Miller's Anatomy of the Dog. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323- ... "Xerus inauris", Mammalian Species 781:1-4. Anatomy photo:42:07-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Male Perineum ... König, Horst Erich; Hans-Georg, Hans-Georg; Bragulla, H (2007). Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glans_penis

Geoffroy's comparative anatomy featured the comparison of the same organ or group of bones through a range of animals. He ... Grant then became Professor of Comparative Anatomy at University College London, a post he held from 1827 until his death in ... Grant held the UCL chair of comparative anatomy for life (1827-1874); he was elected FRS in 1836; he became Fullerian Professor ... In 1824 Grant gave lectures on invertebrates, covering their comparative anatomy; these were in place of John Barclay. He was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edmond_Grant

Hyman, L.H.; Wake, M.H. (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780226870137 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipharyngeal_groove

Harvard University Press Marvalee H. Wake (1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ... "Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection." Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine ... Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the Human Body. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763748166. "Mosses and Ferns". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_organ

"Comparative Anatomy of the Stomach in Mammalian Herbivores". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology. 69: 615-625. doi: ... "Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47 (1): 147-163. doi:10.1093/icb/icm016. PMID 21672827.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat

... and an incorrect model of the anatomy and physiology of internal organs.[8][59][60][61][62][63] ... Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy", The Lancet, 366 (9487): 726-32, doi:10.1016/S0140 ... anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology and immunology.[95] Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Hair follicle anatomy demonstrating a healthy hair follicle (pictured left), a whitehead or closed comedo (middle picture), and ... Levy LL, Zeichner JA (October 2012). "Management of acne scarring, part II: a comparative review of non-laser-based, minimally ... Sobanko JF, Alster TS (October 2012). "Management of acne scarring, part I: a comparative review of laser surgical approaches ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Medal

In some species, the mantle can take on the spiky appearance of algae; in others, skin anatomy is limited to relatively uniform ... Kier, W. M.; Smith, A. M. (2002). "The structure and adhesive mechanism of octopus suckers". Integrative and Comparative ... "On Octopussies, or the Anatomy of Female Power". differences. 23 (2): 32-61. doi:10.1215/10407391-1533520 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 169 (1): 39-50. doi:10.1007/BF00198171. PMID 1941717.. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{ ... Anatomy of cones and rods varies slightly.. Rod and cone photoreceptors are found on the outermost layer of the retina; they ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

Sill, W.D. (1974). "The anatomy of Saurosuchus galilei and the relationships of the rauisuchid thecodonts". Bulletin of the ... Sereno, P.C. (2007). "The phylogenetic relationships of early dinosaurs: a comparative report". Historical Biology. 19 (1): 145 ... Galton, P.M. (1973). "On the anatomy and relationships of Efraasia diagnostica (Huene) n.gen., a prosauropod dinosaur (Reptilia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrerasaurus

Evidence on their evolution comes from comparative anatomy, the fossil record and molecular biology. It is thought that the ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine

Anatomy[change , change source]. Agnathans do not have jaws, and have a cartilaginous skeleton. There is a notochord in both ... Complete mitochondrial DNA of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri: the comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences strongly ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnatha

The Symbolists, and Pablo Picasso during his Blue Period, drew on the cold tonality of El Greco, utilizing the anatomy of his ... Comparative morphological analyses of the two painters revealed their common elements, such as the distortion of the human body ... The anatomy of the human body becomes even more otherworldly in El Greco's mature works; for The Virgin of the Immaculate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Greco

In 1832 he became full professor of zoology and comparative anatomy there, and held that office until 1840, when he was called ... where he mainly studied under Johann Lukas Schönlein in medicine and to Karl Friedrich Heusinger in comparative anatomy. Aided ... and the North Sea gave him abundant materials for research on invertebrate anatomy and physiology, which he communicated first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Wagner

du". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Retrieved 7 July 2018.. *^ Leonardo N. Mercado (1991). "Soul and Spirit in Filipino ... The search for the soul, however, is seen to have been instrumental in driving the understanding of the anatomy and physiology ... Michael Myers (2013). Brahman: A Comparative Theology. Routledge. pp. 140-43. ISBN 978-1-136-83565-0. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls

Their skeletal anatomy allows them to be fast swimmers. Most species have a dorsal fin.[43][44] ... Stevens, C. Edward; Hume, Ian D. (1995). Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System. Cambridge University Press ... 2006). "Elements of beaked whale anatomy and diving physiology and some hypothetical causes of sonar-related stranding". ... Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 126 (2): 181-191. doi:10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00182-3. PMID 10936758.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

Anatomy of Sea Turtles. 1: 153-165.. *^ Divers, Stephen J.; Mader, Douglas R. (2005). Reptile Medicine and Surgery. Amsterdam: ... "In Dejours, P.; Bolis, L.; Taylor, C.R.; Weibel, E.R. (eds.). Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land. Liviana Press/ ... "Reptilian cardiovascular anatomy and physiology: evaluation and monitoring (Proceedings)". dvm360.com. Retrieved 2017-04-22.. ... P.J. Bentley (14 March 2013). Endocrines and Osmoregulation: A Comparative Account in Vertebrates. Springer Science & Business ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0- ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ادرار_کردن?match=en

Anatomy and physiologyEdit. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by ... "Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47 (4): 510-523. doi:10.1093/icb/icm055. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 21672860.. ... "Journal of Anatomy. 214 (4): 441-464. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 2736118. PMID 19422424.. ... "Journal of Anatomy. 215 (2): 110-123. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01104.x. PMC 2740958. PMID 19508493.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod

"Anatomy of a Comparative Gene Expression Study" (en inglés). Washington University in St. Louis - Dpt. of Computer Science & ... "Comparative Genomics" (PDF). PLoS Biology 1 (2). Páxs. 156-160.. *↑ Eriksen, N. (2003). "Combinatorial methods in comparative ... Olshen, A. B.; Venkatraman, E. S. (2002). "Change-point analysis of array-based comparative genomic hybridization data". ... "Comparative Protein Structure Modeling of Genes and Genomes" (PDF). Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 29 ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloxía_computacional

"HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 61: 151-177.. *^ Wood, B.; Collard, M. (1999). "The Human Genus". Science. 284 ( ... Mating systems are also based on dental anatomy, but early hominins possess a mosaic anatomy of different traits not seen ... "Journal of Anatomy. 197: 39-41. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x. PMC 1468107. PMID 10999270.. ... Based on the fragmentary skeletons OH 62 (presumed female) and KNM-ER 3735 (presumed male), H. habilis body anatomy has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis

The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 503: 550-559. doi:10.1002/cne.21405. PMID 17534935.. ... Anatomy of the cerebral cortex of the human brain. Frontal lobe. Superolateral. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus

Lane, W. Arbuthnot (1888-07-01). "Anatomy and Physiology of the Shoemaker". Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. 22 (Pt 4): 592.1 ... Journal of Comparative Human Biology International Journal of Paleopathology Bioarchaeology of the Near East Other ... Differences in male and female skeletal anatomy are used by bioarchaeologists to determine the biological sex of human ...

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"Theodore H. Bullock and simpler systems in comparative and integrative neurobiology". Progress in Neurobiology. 63 (4): 365-485 ... In 1944 Bullock accepted a faculty position at the University of Missouri, where he taught medical students anatomy and ... Zupanc, G. K.; Zupanc, M. M. (2008). "Theodore H. Bullock: Pioneer of integrative and comparative neurobiology". Journal of ... Bullock, T. H. (1984). "Comparative neuroscience holds promise for quiet revolutions". Science. 225 (4661): 473-8. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Holmes_Bullock

KARDONG, K. V. Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Fifth Edition. McGraw−Hill. ISBN 978−0−39−011705−2 ...

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... a comparative analysis". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 81 (12): 1913-1928. doi:10.1139/z03-190.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes

... comparative anatomy and nature. The program began as an initiative of Eugene G. Blackford and Franklin Hooper, director of the ...

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The Human Developmental Anatomy Center[24] maintains the largest collection of embryologic material in the United States. The ... BrainMuseum.org - a partnership of the University of Wisconsin and Michigan State Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections and ... Anatomy and Pathology: These specimens provide examples of healthy anatomical structures. Healthy specimens establish a ... "National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM): Human Developmental Anatomy Center". Medicalmuseum.mil. Retrieved 2019-06-19.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Health_and_Medicine

Akers RM, Denbow DM (2008). Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals. Wiley. p. 852. ISBN 978-1-118-70115-7. .. ... "Comparative efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist monotherapies in COPD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis ... "Comparative safety of inhaled medications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and mixed ...

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"Journal of Anatomy 200 (3): 277-82. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00029.x. PMC 1570679. PMID 12033732. ... A Comparative Analysis". Bone Marrow Res 2012: 787414. 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/787414. PMC 3398573. PMID 22830032. ...

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Men, in which the anatomy is typified by increased mass in the torso and neck, are at increased risk of developing sleep apnea ... Surgery is not considered a frontline treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, as prospective, randomized, comparative clinical ... Surgical treatments to modify airway anatomy, known as sleep surgery, are varied and must be tailored to the specific airway ... a properly selected surgical intervention will be the result of considering an individual's specific anatomy and physiology, ...

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She worked as Senior Teaching Fellow at the University of Bristol Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, where her main ... In 1998 she left clinical medicine and worked as an anatomy demonstrator in the Anatomy Department at the University of Bristol ... "Journal of Anatomy. 211 (4): 485-492. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00789.x. PMC 2375834 . PMID 17711424.. ... Roberts wrote and presented a BBC Two series on anatomy and health entitled Dr Alice Roberts: Don't Die Young, which screened ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Roberts

Ross Amos, Flora, "Early Theories of Translation", Columbia University Studies in English and Comparative Literature, 1920. At ... "The dissection, though," writes Link, "normally does to the art of a poem approximately what the scalpel of an anatomy ...

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Comparative anatomy, the comparative study of the body structures of different species of animals in order to understand the ... zoology: Anatomy or morphology. …great extent the rise of comparative anatomy. During the latter part of the 15th century and ... Comparative anatomy, the comparative study of the body structures of different species of animals in order to understand the ... anatomy. Comparative anatomy, the other major subdivision of the field, compares similar body structures in different species ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/comparative-anatomy

Comparative Wood Anatomy lucidly introduces dicotyledon wood in terms of cell types and their variations, pertinent literature, ... Diagnostically illustrated with light and scanning electron micrographs, Comparative Wood Anatomy lucidly introduces ... Anatomie Holz Holzanatomie, ökologische Physiologie, Holz anatomy ecological ecology evolution growth physiology physiology, ...

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Comparative anatomy definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look ... comparative anatomy in Medicine Expand. comparative anatomy com·par·a·tive anatomy (kəm-pārə-tĭv). n. The investigation and ... It is, so to speak, those variations of a great plan which give such a charm to the study of comparative anatomy. ... This is the basis of comparative anatomy, which is only an accurate study of facts that are superficially obvious to everyone. ...

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... , the science which treats of the structure and relations of organs in the various branches of the animal ... Comparative Anatomy. Comparative Anatomy, the science which treats of the structure and relations of organs in the various ... Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology." - History of Comparative Anatomy. Though the philosophers of Greece had some idea of ... The comparative anatomy of the brain has been sufficiently given under the title Beain. - Nervous System. The vertebrate ...

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... A. Ratajska,1 G. Gula,2 A. Flaht-Zabost,1 E. Czarnowska,3 B. ... S. Kubik, "Anatomy of the lymphatic system," in Textbook of Lymphology, M. Földi, E. Földi, and S. Kubik, Eds., pp. 2-166, ... P. R. Patek, "The morphology of the lymphatics of the mammalian heart," American Journal of Anatomy, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 203- ... 4. Functional Anatomy of Cardiac Lymphatics. Patek [13] and others suggested that lymph flows from the subendocardial to the ...

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Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy V Debidae B by Hill, W.C. Osman and a great selection of related books, art and ... Primates Comparative Anatomy Taxonomy. You searched for: Title: primates comparative anatomy taxonomy ... Primates Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy. 3: Pithecoidea Platyrrhini (Family Hapalidae) Published by Edinburgh: UNiversity ... Comparative Anatomy and Taxonomy. III. Pithecoidea. Platyrrhini. Family Hapalidae. 3. Auflage. Hill, W. C. Osman: ...

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comparative anatomy synonyms, comparative anatomy pronunciation, comparative anatomy translation, English dictionary definition ... Noun 1. comparative anatomy - the study of anatomical features of animals of different species anatomy, general anatomy - the ... comparative anatomy - the study of anatomical features of animals of different species. anatomy, general anatomy - the branch ... Comparative anatomy - definition of comparative anatomy by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/comparative+ ...

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The Palaeoanthropology and Comparative Anatomy (PACA) lab is coordinated by Aida Gómez-Robles and Christophe Soligo. A high-end ... Journal of Anatomy 228: 608-629. *Wilkinson RD, Steiper ME, Soligo C, Martin RD, Yang Z, Tavaré S. 2011. Dating primate ... Journal of Anatomy 225: 42-59. *Sherwood CC, Gómez-Robles A. 2017. Brain plasticity and human evolution. Annual Review of ... and an expanding fossil cast and comparative osteological collection. Our research covers a diverse range of topics, but is ...

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This book provides a detailed account on the comparative anatomy, development, homologies and evolution of the head, neck, ... As the book includes crucial information about the anatomy, development, homologies, evolution and muscular abnormalities of ...

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Jeremy DeSilva and Matt Tocheri that compare different aspects of hominid anatomy and their relation to bipedalism. Series: " ...

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Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution on the eCampus.com Marketplace from our trusted third-party sellers. ...

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Medical and natural history museums developed popular anatomical exhibits comparing the differences between human and veterinary structures. Auzouxs factory in Paris produced many different animal models, including insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and wild and domestic mammals. A popular way to exhibit the development of the human embryo was to show how a chick develops inside an egg ...

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Human Palm - this part of our skin shows "ridges" that form the whorls & patterns on hands. The stratum corneum layer of the epidermis is very thick, semi-transparent & contains a spiraled duct for an eccrine sudoriferous sweat gland. The remaining epidermis is dark red while the dermis shows lots of connective tissue stained green. ...

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Floral anatomy and ontogeny are described in six species of Magnoliaceae, representing the two subfamilies Liriodendroideae ( ... Xu, F., Rudall, P.J. Comparative floral anatomy and ontogeny in Magnoliaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 258, 1-15 (2006). https://doi. ... J. E. Canright (1960) ArticleTitleThe comparative morphology and relationships of the Magnoliaceae III Carpels. Amer. J. Bot 47 ... N. T. Skvortsova (1958) ArticleTitleOn the flower anatomy of Magnolia grandiflora L Bot. Zhurn 43 401-408 ...

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Comparative anatomy. Circulatory system. Question. Answer. What is transported?. oxygen,co2,nutrients,water,hormones,nitrogen ... variable in anatomy,flexability(transplant a vein,it will act like an artery,tie off part,other parts enlarge,five fold ...

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Comparative wood anatomy of some shrubs native to the Northern Rocky Mountains. Res. Pap. INT-RP-45. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department ... Comparative wood anatomy of some shrubs native to the Northern Rocky Mountains ...

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"comparative anatomy of eating". Entries tagged with: comparative anatomy of eating. 1 result(s) displayed (1 - 1 of 1): ... Read More: anatomy, carnivore, comparative anatomy of eating, herbivore, milton mills, omnivore ... The Comparative Anatomy of Eating. Milton R. Mills, M.D. , November 21, 09 at 10:45 PM ...

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Find comparative Anatomy course notes, answered questions, and comparative Anatomy tutors 24/7. ... Course Hero has thousands of comparative Anatomy study resources to help you. ... Most Recent Comparative Anatomy Documents Uploaded All Recent Comparative Anatomy Study Resources Documents * 10 Pages ... Comparative Anatomy Homework Help View All Comparative Anatomy Study Resources Homework Help * 13 Pages ...

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Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to ... Comparative anatomy has long served as evidence for evolution, now joined in that role by comparative genomics; it indicates ... Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in ... Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals. The first ...

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Assistant Professor of General Biology/ Parasitology /Comparative Anatomy & Physiology. This is a 9-month faculty position in ... Teach general biology including parasitology, comparative anatomy & physiology, as well as lower level biology courses for ...

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Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, 7th Edition by Kenneth Kardong (9780078023026) Preview the textbook, purchase or get ... Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 7th Edition * View Latest Edition By Kenneth Kardong ISBN10: 0078023025 ... In addition to teaching comparative anatomy and evolution, Ken is also involved in developing software programs for use in the ... In addition to teaching comparative anatomy and evolution, Ken is also involved in developing software programs for use in the ...

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... код для вставки. код для вставки на сайт или в блог. Ширина: (. aвто. ). ... Comparative Anatomy Integument Note Set 6 Chapter 6 Integument Figure 8.1 пЃ® Epidermis derived from ectoderm пЃ® пЃ® Gives ... Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Figure 8.9- http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes2.htm ... Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. McGraw Hill, 2002. Figure 8.4- http://markmlucas.com/Amphibgallery%20frogs.htm Figure ...

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Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. It is closely related to ... Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: * Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in ... Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Comparative anatomy" or another ... Edward Tyson is regarded as the founder of comparative anatomy. He is credited with determining that marine mammals are, in ...

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy. Anatomy ... It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy... ... commonly regarded as the founder of modern comparative anatomy, which compares the anatomy between species.... ... Comparative anatomy has long served as evidence for evolution. Evolution. Evolution is any change across successive generations ...

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Comparative Anatomy also has a mysterious entity referred to as On the Box, a "deranged" koala that is supposedly sexless and ... Comparative Anatomy started as an experiment in 2009 between the two main members, Sir Puffers Rabbinald the Third (University ... Comparative Anatomy focuses primarily on word-play and themes relating specifically to animals, often with an odd, absurdist ... During live performances, Comparative Anatomy is known for wearing costumes, which were at first simple designs made with ...

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Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy: Lab Dissection Guide. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy: Lab Dissection Guide. by Kardong, Kenneth ... Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution or Kent/Carrs Comparative Anatomy. This text carefully guides students through ... This high-quality laboratory manual may accompany any comparative anatomy text, but especially Kardongs Vertebrates: ... Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy: Lab Dissection Guide, published 2001 under ISBN 9780072909579 and ISBN 0072909579. ...

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The comparative anatomy of the nervous system of vertebrates, including man, Volume 1. The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous ... Macmillan, 1936 - Anatomy, Comparative - 1845 pages. 0 Reviewshttps://books.google.com/books/about/The_comparative_anatomy_of_ ... anatomy_of_the_nervous_s.html?id=M57wAAAAMAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareThe comparative anatomy of the nervous system of ... The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates: Including Man. Cornelius Ubbo Ari ns Kappers,Gotthelf Carl Huber, ...

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This book provides a detailed account on the comparative anatomy, development, homologies and evolution of the head, neck, pectoral and forelimb muscles of vertebrates. (routledge.com)
This high-quality laboratory manual may accompany any comparative anatomy text, but especially Kardong's Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution or Kent/Carr's Comparative Anatomy. (valorebooks.com)
This high-quality laboratory manual may accompany any comparative anatomy text, but correlates directly to Kardong's Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution text. (mheducation.com)
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/560551865 Title: The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, including Man. (worldcat.org)
Serial transverse sections of the most primitive living vertebrates, the cyclostomes(lampreys and hagfishes), were prepared and studied from viewpoints of functional anatomy ana phylogeny. (nii.ac.jp)
Classical comparative anatomy (of vertebrates) is a typical example of organology because it examines the evolution of organization by organ systems from the lancelet to man. (thefreedictionary.com)
In the 18th century in France L. Daubenton described the anatomy of many birds and mammals and F. Vicq-d'Ayr compared the skeletons of various vertebrates and man. (thefreedictionary.com)
Buy Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution 6 by Kenneth Kardong (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. (sanno-cafe.info)
Audra Isenhart rated it it was amazing Jul 14, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: Samera Chapman rated it liked it Jan 27, Amazon Restaurants Food delivery from local restaurants. (sanno-cafe.info)
On, Mark Westneat and others published Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution Kenneth V. Kardong. (30doc.info)

Teach general biology including parasitology, comparative anatomy & physiology, as well as lower level biology courses for majors and non-majors. (academiccareers.com)
A better and more objective technique is to look at human anatomy and physiology. (forovegetariano.org)
Then we can look at human anatomy and physiology to see in which group we belong. (forovegetariano.org)
The lab is for comparative animal physiology class. (24houranswers.com)

Comparative anatomy , the comparative study of the body structures of different species of animals in order to understand the adaptive changes they have undergone in the course of evolution from common ancestors. (britannica.com)
Comparative anatomy , evolution, homologies and development. (thefreedictionary.com)
Our research covers a diverse range of topics, but is directed by a common aim of understanding the relationship between biological form and function using a comparative approach and with the ultimate goal of expanding our knowledge of human biology and of the processes that lead to the evolution of modern humans. (ucl.ac.uk)
As the book includes crucial information about the anatomy, development, homologies, evolution and muscular abnormalities of our own species, Homo sapiens, it will also be helpful to physicians and medical students. (routledge.com)
An example of a 20th-century comparative anatomist is Victor Negus, who worked on the structure and evolution of the larynx. (wikipedia.org)
Morphology is foremost, but the author has developed and integrated an understanding of function and evolution into the discussion of anatomy of the various systems. (mheducation.com)
Comparative anatomy supports Darwin's theory of descent with modification, also known as evolution. (absoluteastronomy.com)
In addition to teaching comparative anatomy and evolution, Ken is also involved in developing software programs for use in the laboratory sections of these courses. (nhbs.com)
Comparative musculoskeletal anatomy of chameleon limbs, with implications for the evolution of arboreal locomotion in lizards and for teratology. (ruidiogolab.com)
Evolutionary morphology, the most general aspect of comparative anatomy, investigates the principles and ways in which animal organization changes in the course of evolution. (thefreedictionary.com)
This review aims to provide examples of how both comparative and genetic analyses contribute to our understanding of the rules for cortical development and evolution. (ox.ac.uk)
Comparative and genetic aspects of cortical development both reveal the workings of evolution. (ox.ac.uk)

After years of citing the dubious analyses of gut morphology found in Fit Food for Humanity or Mills' The Comparative Anatomy of Eating, those who suddenly adopt this view when faced with contrary evidence are, again, behaving in an inconsistent and intellectually dishonest manner. (beyondveg.com)
Comparative anatomy is divided into organology, architectonics, and evolutionary morphology. (thefreedictionary.com)
Here are entered general works on animal anatomy and morphology. (loc.gov)

Until the advent of genetic techniques like DNA sequencing, comparative anatomy together with embryology were the primary tools for understanding phylogeny, as exemplified by the work of Alfred Romer. (wikipedia.org)
Efferent System of Cranial Nerve Nuclei : A Comparative Neuromorphological Study, Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology by George Szekely, 9783540562078. (booktopia.com.au)
Last volume of an authoritative, detailed monograph on the cerebellum, completed by Dr. Jansen from Dr. Larsell's original manuscript, with additional material: embryology, gross anatomy, topology, histology. (annals.org)

This text carefully guides students through dissections and is richly illustrated.Kardong, Kenneth is the author of 'Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy: Lab Dissection Guide', published 2001 under ISBN 9780072909579 and ISBN 0072909579. (valorebooks.com)
Kenneth Kardong is the author of 'Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy: A Laboratory Dissection Guide', published 2014 under ISBN 9780077657055 and ISBN 0077657055. (valorebooks.com)

It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Simply, it is the study of animal anatomy. (scott-eaton.com)
Comparative Animal Anatomy ( Lecture notes, Study Book ) by Paul Mills, the University of Queensland, Australia. (vetelib.com)

Darwin made extensive use of comparative anatomy in advancing his theory, and it in turn revolutionized the field by explaining the structural differences between species as arising out of their evolutionary descent by natural selection from a common ancestor. (britannica.com)
Since Darwin's time, the study of comparative anatomy has centred largely on body structures that are homologous- i.e., ones in different species that have the same evolutionary origin regardless of their present-day function. (britannica.com)
His own team's work, presented in September at the Symposium on Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy in Birmingham, UK, have found that hatchling fossils of two other pterosaur species do look flight-ready, with bones that appear robust and have high bending strength. (thefreedictionary.com)
Comparative anatomy was a key element in Darwin's theory of natural selection, which he related to the world in 1859 with the publication of "On the Origin of Species. (thefreedictionary.com)
Floral anatomy and ontogeny are described in six species of Magnoliaceae, representing the two subfamilies Liriodendroideae ( Liriodendron chinese and L. tulipifera ) and Magnolioideae, including species with terminal flowers ( Magnolia championi , M. delavayi , M. grandiflora , M. paenetalauma ) and axillary flowers ( Michelia crassipes ). (springer.com)
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent and have evolved, usually divergently, from a shared ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent . (artandpopularculture.com)
This Crô-Magnon skull replica is a great tool for teaching and learning the anatomy of early human species. (3bscientific.com)
Leaf anatomy of the two species was analysed with the aid of an optical microscope. (scielo.br)
Our aim is to compare the ocular anatomy in six species of troglomorphic fish in which there is ocular reduction and enhancement of other sensory mechanisms. (arvojournals.org)

Elements of the comparative anatomy of the vertebrate animals. (biodiversitylibrary.org)

Comparative anatomy entered a long and fruitful period of development with C. Darwin's theory (1859). (thefreedictionary.com)

and then to go to the Anatomy of the Muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Comparative anatomy of zebrafish paired and medial fin muscles: basis for functional, developmental, and macroevolutionary studies. (ruidiogolab.com)

This volume of the series Handbook of Zoology deals with the anatomy of the gastrointestinal digestive tract - stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon - in all eutherian orders and suborders. (degruyter.com)

Our methodological approaches include quantitative approaches to shape analysis (namely geometric morphometrics), quantitative genetics and phylogenetic comparative methods. (ucl.ac.uk)
A reevaluation of the anatomy, taphonomy, environmental setting, and phylogenetic position of H . escuilliei based on additional comparisons with other maniraptorans suggests that, rather than indicating it was a semiaquatic piscivore, the body plan of this dinosaur bears features widely distributed among maniraptorans and in some cases intermediate between the conditions in dromaeosaurids and related clades. (nature.com)

This makes in an important part of comparative vertebrae anatomy. (murraystate.edu)

see anatomy anatomy , branch of biology concerned with the study of body structure of various organisms, including humans. (thefreedictionary.com)
Your ultimate guide to comparing human anatomy to other organisms! (weebly.com)

Comparative aspects of subplate zone studied with gene expression in sauropsids and mammals. (ox.ac.uk)

Comparative microvascular anatomy of mammalian ciliary processes. (arvojournals.org)

This is afforded by comparative anatomy and by the study of ontogeny. (dictionary.com)

Learning and understanding human anatomy and pathology: an evolutionary and developmental guide for medical students. (ruidiogolab.com)
The French evolutionary morphologist E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire also made an important contribution to the development of comparative anatomy. (thefreedictionary.com)
A detailed study of vertebrate anatomy emphasizing adaptive evolutionary structures. (hartford.edu)

Modern comparative anatomy dates from the work of Pierre Belon , who in 1555 showed that the skeletons of humans and birds are constructed of similar elements arranged in the same way. (britannica.com)
A common example of comparative anatomy is the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans. (wikipedia.org)
Following, NYU's Chris Muller will give a reprise of his "Comparative Anatomy: Animals and the Fundamentals of Drawing" class (second image) in which, with the use of several skeletons and other resources, students will learn to recognize and depict the basic shared forms between humans and other animals. (blogspot.com)

The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum. (annals.org)

Higher-order Phylogeny of Modern Birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) Based on Comparative Anatomy: I. Methods and Characters Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Number 37, 2006. (buteobooks.com)

Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Homology forms the basis of organization for comparative biology. (absoluteastronomy.com)

A high-end environment for research is created by a combination of recent refurbishments with high-end computers, availability of 3D-data capture equipment, including microscribes, surface laser-scanners and analysis software, 3D printer, access to a growing database of CT-scan and 3D-morphometric data, and an expanding fossil cast and comparative osteological collection. (ucl.ac.uk)
In a class taking place in another room at the same time, students will have the opportunity to dissect and draw Didelphis virginiana -the North American opossum, a "living fossil" whose anatomy has remained virtually unchanged over the past 70 million years--in a dissection and drawing workshop led by physical anthropologist Samuel Strong Dunlap, PhD (third image). (blogspot.com)
Reconstructing pectoral appendicular muscle anatomy in fossil fish and tetrapods over the fins-to-limbs transition. (ruidiogolab.com)

In order to simplify the subject, and to make this article especially referable to human anatomy, the whole division of the invertebrata will be left out, for consideration under its separate branches and classes. (chestofbooks.com)
Up until that point, Galen and his teachings had been the authority on human anatomy. (wikipedia.org)
In this workshop you will cut and colour a pop-up comparative anatomy model of a chimpanzee and human to take home with you! (eventbrite.co.uk)
I. Anatomy: human and comparative. (bmj.com)
Comparative developmental studies have revealed distinct features in the early compartments of the developing macaque brain, drawing our attention to the limitations of some of the current model systems for understanding human developmental abnormalities of the cortex. (ox.ac.uk)

A phrenological union was formed to purchase together charts, models and dissecting tools, for the study of comparative anatomy . (dictionary.com)
It is, so to speak, those variations of a great plan which give such a charm to the study of comparative anatomy . (dictionary.com)
This is the basis of comparative anatomy , which is only an accurate study of facts that are superficially obvious to everyone. (dictionary.com)
This study was supported by University of Tlemcen (Algeria) and the Museum of Comparative Anatomy of Paris (France). (thefreedictionary.com)
Course Hero has everything you need to master any concept and ace your next test - from course notes, Comparative Anatomy study guides and expert Tutors, available 24/7. (coursehero.com)
A new approach using comparative neuromorphology is taken in this study dealing with the organization of the efferent nuclei of cranial nerves. (booktopia.com.au)
The convolutions of the brain : a study in comparative anatomy : being an address delivered to the Anatomical Section of the Tenth International Medical Congress in Berlin, August 5, 1890 / by Sir William Turner. (wellcomecollection.org)
Comparative anatomy reached a new stage of development in the early 19th century, when G. Cuvier made a detailed study of the structure of many animals. (thefreedictionary.com)
A comparative study of our digestive anatomy against carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. (scribd.com)

From this humble beginning, knowledge of comparative anatomy advanced rapidly in the 18th century with the work of the Count de Buffon and Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton , who compared the anatomies of a wide range of animals. (britannica.com)
Until the 18th century only scattered comparative anatomical studies were made and only preliminary factual material was obtained. (thefreedictionary.com)

Interior view, paleontology and comparative anatomy exhibits in the in the southeast range of the United States National Museum, now known as the Arts and Industries Building, featuring mammal skeletons. (si.edu)

Comparative studies and genetic analyses both demonstrate the differential origin and migratory pattern of the two basic neuron types of the cerebral cortex. (ox.ac.uk)

Diagnostically illustrated with light and scanning electron micrographs, Comparative Wood Anatomy lucidly introduces dicotyledon wood in terms of cell types and their variations, pertinent literature, taxonomic distribution of features, terminology, and methods for preparation. (springer.com)

BIOL3010, Comparative Anatomy NAME_____ Sept 4, 2012 1 of 7 Comparative Anatomy , Exam 1 Questions 1-30 must be answered on your scantron sheet. (coursehero.com)

Further advances in comparative anatomy were achieved by the French biologists P. Latreille, M. Savigny, and H. Milne-Edwards, by the Germans J. Müller, J. Meckel, and C. Carus, by the Russian scientist K. M. Ber (who discovered the law of embryonic similarity), and by the English scientist R. Owen (who systematized some general concepts and standardized the terminology for vertebrate bones). (thefreedictionary.com)

Osteology is one of the most delightful branches of comparative anatomy , and one not very hard to master. (dictionary.com)

Principles of Comparative Anatomy of Invertebrates. (sciencemag.org)

One of the biggests differences between Comparative Anatomy and other acts, however is that they never sing. (wikipedia.org)
Comparative anatomy is concerned with the structural differences of plant and animal forms. (thefreedictionary.com)

Informations on form and function of organs of digestion in eutherians are discussed under comparative-anatomical aspects. (degruyter.com)

He talks to the paleontologists studying the fossils along with comparative anatomy experts and looks at what the bones reveal about the lives of these dinosaurs with the help of 3D scanning, CGI visuals and animation. (thefreedictionary.com)

Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals. (wikipedia.org)
Marco Aurelio Severino also compared various animals, including birds, in his Zootomia democritaea, one of the first works of comparative anatomy. (wikipedia.org)
comprehending the Comparative Anatomy of these parts in other Animals, embracing the subject of. (google.cz)

Cuvier is acknowledged to be the great founder of comparative anatomy . (dictionary.com)
Edward Tyson is regarded as the founder of modern comparative anatomy. (wikipedia.org)

My Comparative Anatomy for Artist course will be running in London in the Spring of 2018, dates to be announced (sign up to the mailing list for news). (scott-eaton.com)

CARTA brings you foremost experts to explore the many facets of these questions in this fascinating series - starting with presentations from Steven Churchill, Jeremy DeSilva and Matt Tocheri that compare different aspects of hominid anatomy and their relation to bipedalism. (youtube.com)
Comparative aspects of cerebral cortical development. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy54

Organisms22

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations18

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities14

Information Science30

Named Groups3

Health Care14

Geographicals1

Evolution of the ventricles. (1/130)

Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates: an old brain in a new head. (2/130)

Evolution of the basal ganglia: new perspectives through a comparative approach. (3/130)

Evolutionary anticipation of the human heart. (4/130)

Soft-tissue anatomy of the extant hominoids: a review and phylogenetic analysis. (5/130)

Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. (6/130)

Comparative morphology of Astraea latispina (Philippi, 1844) and Astraea olfersii (Philippi, 1846) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Turbinidae). (7/130)

FINE STRUCTURE OF THE PINEAL ORGANS OF THE ADULT FROG, RANA PIPIENS. (8/130)

Anatomy

Anatomy, Comparative

Anatomy, Artistic

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional

Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Comparative Effectiveness Research

Dissection

Models, Anatomic

Phylogeny

Cadaver

Genomics

Species Specificity

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Medical Illustration

Physiology, Comparative

Molecular Sequence Data

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Anatomy, Regional

Evolution, Molecular

Biological Evolution

Genome, Bacterial

Anatomy, Veterinary

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Reproducibility of Results

Algorithms

Fossils

Base Sequence

Software

Treatment Outcome

Synteny

Sequence Alignment

Computational Biology

Skull

Chromosome Mapping

Genome

Gene Expression Profiling

History, 16th Century

Time Factors

History, 17th Century

Medicine in Art

Sensitivity and Specificity

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Terminology as Topic

Amino Acid Sequence

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

Brain

Embryology

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

User-Computer Interface

Retrospective Studies

Internet

Atlases as Topic

Expressed Sequence Tags

Phlebography

Dinosaurs

Computer-Assisted Instruction

Databases, Genetic

Genetic Variation

Genome, Plant

History, 18th Century

Computer Simulation

Pelvis

Ligaments

Prospective Studies

Hominidae

Ligaments, Articular

Physiology

Cluster Analysis

Conserved Sequence

Fascia

History, 19th Century

Veins

Chromosome Aberrations

Cerebral Veins

Multigene Family

Phenotype

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Alligators and Crocodiles