Anatomy: A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.Anatomy, Comparative: The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)Anatomy, Artistic: The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.Anatomy, Cross-Sectional: Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)Dissection: The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.Models, Anatomic: Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Medical Illustration: The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.Anatomy, Regional: The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).Anatomy, Veterinary: The study of the anatomical structures of animals.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Image Processing, Computer-Assisted: A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.History, 16th Century: Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.History, 17th Century: Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.Medicine in ArtFossils: Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.Skull: The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.Atlases as Topic: Collections of illustrative plates, charts, etc., usually with explanatory captions.Phlebography: Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.Computer-Assisted Instruction: A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.Dinosaurs: General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.Ligaments, Articular: Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.Pelvis: The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.Physiology: The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.Terminology as Topic: The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.Fascia: Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.Ligaments: Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.Cerebral Veins: Veins draining the cerebrum.History, 18th Century: Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.Corrosion Casting: A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.Veins: The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.Petrous Bone: The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.History, 15th Century: Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.Education, Medical, Undergraduate: The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.Mesophyll Cells: Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.Visible Human Projects: Digital image data sets, consisting of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies.Vocabulary, Controlled: A specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when CATALOGING; ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING; or searching BOOKS; JOURNALS AS TOPIC; and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings (SUBJECT HEADINGS). The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)History, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Surgery, Computer-Assisted: Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.SculptureImage Enhancement: Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.Biological Evolution: The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.PaintingsSkull Base: The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.Cystic Duct: The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.Otologic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.Temporal Bone: Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).Coronary Sinus: A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.Occipital Bone: Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.Teaching: The educational process of instructing.Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Alligators and Crocodiles: Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.Vascular Malformations: A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Histology: The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.Brain Mapping: Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.Head: The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.Masticatory Muscles: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Hyoid Bone: A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.Heart Defects, Congenital: Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Education, Medical: Use for general articles concerning medical education.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Chenopodiaceae: The goosefoot plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. It includes beets and chard (BETA VULGARIS), as well as SPINACH, and salt tolerant plants.Circle of Willis: A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.Diagnostic Imaging: Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.Larynx: A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.Hepatic Veins: Veins which drain the liver.Famous PersonsPersia: An ancient civilization, known as early as 2000 B.C. The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great (550-529 B.C.) and for 200 years, from 550 to 331 B.C., the Persians ruled the ancient world from India to Egypt. The territory west of India was called Persis by the Greeks who later called the entire empire Persia. In 331 B.C. the Persian wars against the Greeks ended disastrously under the counterattacks by Alexander the Great. The name Persia in modern times for the modern country was changed to Iran in 1935. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p546 & Asimov, Words on the Map, 1962, p176)Ultrasonography, Prenatal: The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.Nasal Cavity: The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.Situs Inversus: A congenital abnormality in which organs in the THORAX and the ABDOMEN are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. Normally the STOMACH and SPLEEN are on the left, LIVER on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. Situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins.Tomography, Spiral Computed: Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.Lumbosacral Plexus: The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.Coronary Vessel Anomalies: Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.History, Medieval: The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Prosthesis Design: The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Educational Measurement: The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.Jaw: Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Neck: The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.Pulmonary Veins: The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.Pelvic Floor: Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.Aortography: Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Cardiac Catheters: Catheters inserted into various locations within the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Neural Pathways: Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.Contrast Media: Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.Forelimb: A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)Curriculum: A course of study offered by an educational institution.Cervical Atlas: The first cervical vertebra.Hominidae: Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).Epiglottis: A thin leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered with LARYNGEAL MUCOSA and situated posterior to the root of the tongue and HYOID BONE. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back over the larynx inlet thus prevents foods from entering the airway.Cyperaceae: The sedge plant family of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)Classification: The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.Microsurgery: The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.Back: The rear surface of an upright primate from the shoulders to the hip, or the dorsal surface of tetrapods.Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.Hepatic Artery: A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Paleontology: The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.Blood Vessel Prosthesis: Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.History, Ancient: The period of history before 500 of the common era.Heart Atria: The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.Tooth: One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.Histology, Comparative: The study of the similarities and differences in the structures of homologous tissues across various species.Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation: Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.Anatomic Variation: Peculiarities associated with the internal structure, form, topology, or architecture of organisms that distinguishes them from others of the same species or group.Students, Medical: Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.Phantoms, Imaging: Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)Neurosurgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Xylem: Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.Mandible: The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.AxisHeart Septal Defects, Ventricular: Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Sesamoid Bones: Nodular bones which lie within a tendon and slide over another bony surface. The PATELLA (kneecap) is a sesamoid bone.Cranial Sinuses: Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of DURA MATER, the endosteal and the meningeal layers. They are devoid of valves and are parts of the venous system of dura mater. Major cranial sinuses include a postero-superior group (such as superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, and occipital) and an antero-inferior group (such as cavernous, petrosal, and basilar plexus).Palate, Soft: A movable fold suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate. The uvula hangs from the middle of the lower border.Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.Thorax: The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)X-Ray Microtomography: X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.Thyroid Cartilage: The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the Adam's apple.Anal Canal: The terminal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, beginning from the ampulla of the RECTUM and ending at the anus.Transposition of Great Vessels: A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.Embalming: Process of preserving a dead body to protect it from decay.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Radiographic Image Enhancement: Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.Preoperative Care: Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Cranial Nerves: Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Palate, Hard: The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE.Clavicle: A bone on the ventral side of the shoulder girdle, which in humans is commonly called the collar bone.User-Computer Interface: The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.Anthropology, Physical: The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Clitoris: An erectile structure homologous with the penis, situated beneath the anterior labial commissure, partially hidden between the anterior ends of the labia minora.Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal: An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.Fluoroscopy: Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.Spinal Canal: The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.Catheter Ablation: Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Convolvulaceae: The morning glory family of flowering plants, of the order Solanales, which includes about 50 genera and at least 1,400 species. Leaves are alternate and flowers are funnel-shaped. Most are twining and erect herbs, with a few woody vines, trees, and shrubs.Schools, Medical: Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Ipomoea: A plant genus in the family CONVOLVULACEAE best known for morning glories (a common name also used with CONVOLVULUS) and sweet potato.Anatomic Landmarks: Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Tongue: A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.Pongo pygmaeus: A species of orangutan, family HOMINIDAE, found in the forests on the island of Borneo.Perineum: The body region lying between the genital area and the ANUS on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. The surface area is between the VULVA and the anus in the female, and between the SCROTUM and the anus in the male.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Bile Ducts: The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.Cerebral Cortex: The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.Atlanto-Occipital Joint: The point of articulation between the OCCIPITAL BONE and the CERVICAL ATLAS.Creativity: The ability to generate new ideas or images.
Craniocervical junction venous anatomy on enhanced MR images: the suboccipital cavernous sinus. (1/87)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The suboccipital cavernous sinus, a vertebral venous plexus surrounding the horizontal portion of the vertebral artery at the skull base, provides an alternative pathway of cranial venous drainage by virtue of its connections to the cranial dural sinuses, the vertebral venous plexus, and the jugular venous system. Knowledge of the anatomy of this system facilitates interpretation of images and might reduce the number of false-positive diagnoses of lesions, such as adenopathy or schwannoma. We hypothesized that this circulation could be visualized on contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR images. METHODS: The craniocervical junctions of 14 patients were scanned using fat-suppressed, contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted MR sequences and evaluated for visibility of the following venous structures: suboccipital cavernous sinus, vertebral artery venous plexus, anterior and posterior condylar veins, vertebral venous plexus, internal jugular vein, and the marginal sinus. Both the right and left sides were assessed in at least two planes. The venous diameters were also measured. RESULTS: All the evaluated venous structures were seen routinely in all three planes, with the exception of the posterior condylar vein, known to be variably present, which was seen only one third of the time in the sagittal plane and two thirds of the time in the other planes. The posterior condylar vein also showed the greatest variability in size and symmetry. CONCLUSION: The suboccipital cavernous sinus and most of its associated venous circulation at the skull base are easily identified on contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR images. The posterior condylar vein, known to be variably present, was not well seen in the sagittal plane and displayed the greatest variability in size and symmetry. (+info)Influence of the Digital Anatomist Foundational Model on traditional representations of anatomical concepts. (2/87)
A principled and logical representation of the structure of the human body has led to conflicts with traditional representations of the same knowledge by anatomy textbooks. The examples which illustrate resolution of these conflicts suggest that stricter requirements must be met for semantic consistency, expressivity and specificity by knowledge sources intended to support inference than by textbooks and term lists. These next-generation resources should influence traditional concept representation, rather than be constrained by convention. (+info)Anatomical information in radiation treatment planning. (3/87)
We report on experience and insights gained from prototyping, for clinical radiation oncologists, a new access tool for the University of Washington Digital Anatomist information resources. This access tool is designed to integrate with a radiation therapy planning (RTP) system in use in a clinical setting. We hypothesize that the needs of practitioners in a clinical setting are different from the needs of students, the original targeted users of the Digital Anatomist system, but that a common knowledge resource can serve both. Our prototype was designed to help define those differences and study the feasibility of a full anatomic reference system that will support both clinical radiation therapy and all the existing educational applications. (+info)Design features of on-line anatomy information resources: a comparison with the Digital Anatomist. (4/87)
In order to update the design of the next generation of the Digital Anatomist, we have surveyed teaching assistants who have used the Digital Anatomist for learning and teaching anatomy as medical students, and have also examined available anatomy web sites with sufficient content to support learning. The majority of web sites function in an atlas mode and provide for the identification of structures. These atlases incorporate a variety of features for interactivity with 2D images, some of which are not available in the Digital Anatomist. The surveys suggest that the greatest need is for on-line access to comprehensive and detailed anatomical information and for the development of knowledge-based methods that allow the direct manipulation of segmented 3D graphical models by the user. The requirement for such interactivity is a comprehensive symbolic model of the physical organization of the body that can support inference. (+info)Advocacy and community: the social roles of physicians in the last 1000 years. Part II. (5/87)
Medicine in the 16th through the 18th centuries underwent profound changes -- from its understanding of the human body to its growing significance in the body politic. Key to advances in medicine as well as to the growth of nations was a conceptual shift in the perception of the natural world, which would ultimately provide a methodology for therapeutic advances as well as for the building of wealthy, strong nations. (+info)Ethics and access to teaching materials in the medical library: the case of the Pernkopf atlas. (6/87)
Conflicts can occur between the principle of freedom of information treasured by librarians and ethical standards of scientific research involving the propriety of using data derived from immoral or dishonorable experimentation. A prime example of this conflict was brought to the attention of the medical and library communities in 1995 when articles claiming that the subjects of the illustrations in the classic anatomy atlas, Eduard Pernkopf's Topographische Anatomie des Menschen, were victims of the Nazi holocaust. While few have disputed the accuracy, artistic, or educational value of the Pernkopf atlas, some have argued that the use of such subjects violates standards of medical ethics involving inhuman and degrading treatment of subjects or disrespect of a human corpse. Efforts were made to remove the book from medical libraries. In this article, the history of the Pernkopf atlas and the controversy surrounding it are reviewed. The results of a survey of academic medical libraries concerning their treatment of the Pernkopf atlas are reported, and the ethical implications of these issues as they affect the responsibilities of librarians is discussed. (+info)Background considerations to facial aesthetics. (7/87)
This paper examines the nature of our objectives in attempting to improve facial appearance. Questions are addressed concerning the basis for any collective agreement on "improvement" and the nature of an agreed "ideal", including an exploration of the reasons for its existence. The discussion focuses on the concept of "averageness", as well as supplementary hypotheses. Finally, the origins and validity of contemporary clinical guidelines are addressed. (+info)A four-dimensional probabilistic atlas of the human brain. (8/87)
The authors describe the development of a four-dimensional atlas and reference system that includes both macroscopic and microscopic information on structure and function of the human brain in persons between the ages of 18 and 90 years. Given the presumed large but previously unquantified degree of structural and functional variance among normal persons in the human population, the basis for this atlas and reference system is probabilistic. Through the efforts of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM), 7,000 subjects will be included in the initial phase of database and atlas development. For each subject, detailed demographic, clinical, behavioral, and imaging information is being collected. In addition, 5,800 subjects will contribute DNA for the purpose of determining genotype- phenotype-behavioral correlations. The process of developing the strategies, algorithms, data collection methods, validation approaches, database structures, and distribution of results is described in this report. Examples of applications of the approach are described for the normal brain in both adults and children as well as in patients with schizophrenia. This project should provide new insights into the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function in the human brain and should have important implications in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and cerebral disorders. (+info)Abanindranath Tagore (1914). Some Notes on Indian Artistic Anatomy. Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta. Kossak, Steven ( ... It appears to be a constant in Indian art that the different religions shared a very similar artistic style at any particular ... In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the prevailing artistic style at any time and place has ... This may be because Gandharan Buddhist sculpture in modern Afghanistan displays Greek and Persian artistic influence. ...
Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons.. History[edit]. Main article: History of anatomy ... General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of ... The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the ... Human anatomy[edit]. Further information: Human body § Human anatomy, and Outline of human anatomy ...
Rex Vicat Cole, The Artistic Anatomy of Trees, 1916. C. Payne, Toil and Plenty: Images of the Agricultural Landscape in England ...
But basically his artistic opinions were in agreement with those of Knobelsdorff. Even after the latter's death he had, for ... Knobelsdorff also acquired additional expertise in geometry and anatomy. He saw his professional future in painting, and his ... Evidence for Knobelsdorff's artistic versatility is found in his designs for garden vases, mirror frames, furniture and coaches ... The artist, who himself had a lifelong affinity with nature, created here an artistic realm which was intended to evoke and ...
Smith M.D.; Khanzadyan T.; Davis C.J. (2003). "Anatomy of the Herbig-Haro object HH 7 bow shock". Monthly Notices of the Royal ... doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06195.x. "Infant Star's Artistic Outburst". Retrieved 22 December 2015. Media related to Herbig- ...
Artistic Anatomy, Modelling. As a result of the school's success in its first year, new premises were sought for and acquired ... and to bring artistic methods to bear upon the problems of everyday life'. In 1948, the Royal Institute of British Architects ( ...
French also taught a course in Artistic Anatomy for many years. He was also a founder and charter member of the American ...
He also encouraged her artistic passion. She traveled alone in the wilderness of the western United States, and visited the ... She showed an early aptitude for modeling, and studied anatomy with her father. Through the influence of family friend Wayman ... but she took classes in anatomy to learn the human form and paid for private sculpture lessons. The biggest career move she ...
He got advice that included mastering artistic anatomy, with special attention to the skeleton. They advised him to spend the ... In this situation where Hickman was given virtually unlimited artistic freedom, he realized that he could earn a living by ...
For several years he taught artistic anatomy at Bucharest's N. Tonitza Fine Arts High School; meanwhile, from 1950 to 1956, he ...
... and on 16 March 1799 he was made Professor of Anatomy. Although the chair of anatomy had been founded in 1764, until Boi was ... The Cagliari models, with expressive faces and harmony of colors, are also artistic masterpieces. The models were transferred ... There was no university in Florence, but there was a flourishing school of anatomy at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova under ... In 1963 they were placed on display in a room in the Institute of Anatomy. In 1991 they were transferred to the Clemente ...
She continued on at her alma mater as an instructor of artistic anatomy and sculpture. She became the first woman to achieve a ...
He excelled in the study of the anatomy of the human body as well as painting. Starting in 1742 he helped prepare artistic ... He felt bitterly that Lelli had deprived him of recognition for his greater knowledge of anatomy and anatomical sculpture. In ... A posthumous book with a few engravings, titled Anatomia esterna del corpo umano (External Anatomy of the Human Body) was ...
... as well as the translator of the classic anatomy text Artistic Anatomy by Dr. Paul Richer. Hale was born into a prominent ... ISBN 0-8230-1401-0 Artistic Anatomy by Dr. Paul Richer, translated by Robert Beverly Hale. New York: Watson Guptill ... and instructor of artistic anatomy at the Art Students League of New York and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art. He was also ... Anatomy Lessons from the Great Masters by Robert Beverly Hale and Terence Cole. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1977. ...
He held the Bute Chair of Anatomy at St Andrews University. He was born in Kendal, in Cumbria, one of several children of a ... It was generally regarded as an impressive work, reflecting Musgrove's artistic skills as well as his academic competence. He ... In 1901 Musgrove was appointed its first professor of Anatomy at Sty Andrews, a post endowed by the 3rd Marquess of Bute. He ... His industry and ability led Sir William Turner to accept him as demonstrator of anatomy at the Edinburgh University for ...
Students view microorganisms; use DNA as an artistic medium, create music based on DNA sequence, and see anatomy as art. ... This course focuses on several areas in the biological sciences from molecular biology to human anatomy. ...
Michelangelo was the artistic heir to the great 15th-century sculptors and painters of Florence. He learned his trade first ... Their painting demonstrates, more than any other figures on the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of anatomy and foreshortening ... Section References Michelangelo's depiction of the Genealogy of Jesus departs from an artistic tradition for this topic that ... Michelangelo, more even than Raphael or Leonardo, embodies a standard of artistic genius which reveals a radically changed ...
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767 and Professor of Anatomy to the Royal Academy in 1768. In 1768 he built ... He was interested in arts, and had strong connections to the artistic world. In 1770 he built himself a house in Glasgow fully ... He was a leading teacher of anatomy, and the outstanding obstetrician of his day. His guidance and training of his ultimately ... Hunter also provided case histories for at least four of the subjects illustrated in The Anatomy of the Gravid Uterus Exhibited ...
1987). William Swainson, F.R.S., F.L.S. &c: anatomy of a nineteenth-century naturalist. S. Natusch, Wellington, New Zealand. ... including general comments about Abbot's artistic methods and written observations. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 61: ...
He was the author-illustrator of Artistic Anatomy and managing director of the California Art Club in 1922. A prolific plein ...
In 1928, she moved back to New York City to study human anatomy and broaden her artistic range. Upon her return to Santo ...
... is an artistic research lab at the University of Western Australia's School of Anatomy and Human Biology. The lab ... looks at biology and the life sciences from an artistic point of view and has been used to research, develop and execute a ...
He later turned exclusively to the study of animal anatomy. In 1600 he was appointed to the chair of Botany and of Anatomy at ... He also cultivated deep artistic interests, becoming an avid collector of paintings. In 1611 Faber's interest in natural ... G. Flaubert and A. Warburg "Medical competence, anatomy and the polity in seventeenth-century" by Rome Silvia De Renzi, ... His practical studies of anatomy proceeded from direct observation of the human body. ...
Artistic gymnastics Cirque du Soleil Rhythmic gymnastics Synchronised swimming Peoples RR, Perkins TG, Powell JW, Hanson EH, ... Snyder TH, Mueller TL, Orrison WW (2008). "Whole-spine dynamic magnetic resonance study of contortionists: anatomy and ...
The artistic value of the miniatures are quite high, if we compare similar miniatures from other parts of Western Europe from ... The characters are drawn with detail and with knowledge of anatomy. Even the eyeballs are painted, which can only be checked ... It represents the international artistic style of the royal courts in the court of Louis I of Hungary. Its full name is: ...
Marias, Fernando (1999). "El Greco's Artistic Thought". El Greco, Identity and Transformation edited by Alvarez Lopera. Skira. ... The Symbolists, and Pablo Picasso during his Blue Period, drew on the cold tonality of El Greco, utilizing the anatomy of his ... El Greco was determined to make his own mark in Rome defending his personal artistic views, ideas and style.[22] He singled out ... On the one hand Gautier believed that El Greco went mad from excessive artistic sensitivity.[128] On the other hand, the public ...
Artistic Anatomy for Portraiture 06 May, 2018 to 10 May, 2018 GBP 435 ... will provide you with the foundation to develop a sophisticated and nuanced understanding of artistic anatomy for portraiture, ... Anatomy is an essential component for high level work from life; this masterclass is a rare opportunity for some personalised ... Each session will comprise a comprehensive anatomy lecture and demonstration, with equal time given over to practical drawing ...
Of special value is the very thorough and lucid analysis of tree anatomy: the proportion of boughs, branches, and twigs; the ... the effects of bud arrangements on the anatomy of trees, etc. ... The Artistic Anatomy of Trees. The Artistic Anatomy of Trees. ...
... brings together the nineteenth centurys greatest teacher of artistic anatomy, Paul Richer, and the twentieth centurys most ... renowned teacher of anatomy and figure drawing, Robert Beverly Hale, who translated and edited the book for the modern reader. ... Artistic Anatomy is widely acknowledged to be the greatest book of its kind since the Renaissance. The original French edition ... Artistic Anatomy is widely acknowledged to be the greatest book of its kind since the Renaissance. The original French edition ...
Sir Anatomy - This wasnt published because it was "too artistic". Profile , portfolio , Sir Anatomys Photos Report this image ... Sir Anatomy has set a password in order to view this album.. Password:. ... If you would like to view this album, please contact Sir Anatomy. ...
History and Bibliography of Artistic Anatomy: Didactics for Depicting the Human Figure. History and Bibliography of Artistic ... Olms, 2000 - Anatomy, Artistic - 493 pages. 0 Reviewshttps://books.google.com/books/about/History_and_Bibliography_of_Artistic_ ... History and Bibliography of Artistic Anatomy: Didactics for Depicting the Human Figure. ... gb-gplus-shareHistory and Bibliography of Artistic Anatomy. ... Anatomy: Didactics for Depicting the Human Figure, Boris R hrl ...
... unique Artistic mast? These Vegan Brat Kabobs ve room of my closed spouse pneumococci opening. have this single and nice ... Artistic Anatomy in the allergic member and great glaucoma. nearly, icssdmHook address of the reload and minute and community ... Artistic Anatomy often using some il from our coffee to the South Dakota Badlands. extra building about immigration, helping ... Artistic Anatomy 1960 between American seconds has just, with % and marketing achieving available code methods and government M ...
... you learn how to understand the anatomy of the human body so that you can present it with realism and artistry. ... Not too much! This is no medical course, but coming at anatomy from an artistic angle is the best way to go about getting great ... Heres a quick overview of the anatomy of the human leg and what you, as the artist, will want to look out for with a few ... But sketching the legs anatomy, even in broad masses distinguished with texture or patterns to separate tendons and bones and ...
Currently, the subject of anatomy/spatial analysis is compulsory for all 1st and 2nd year students at the University of Fine ...
For as long as humans have been using prosthetics, we have been able to rehabilitate functionally, but this step forward in accessible and customizable design eases the accompanying and inevitable aesthetic transition. Through personalized design and manufacture, prosthetics must no longer be so foreign, and can instead incorporate art and design for new opportunities in self-expression. Cases like Natashas reveal that more is possible.. From start to finish, the process of creating Natashas new leg took just two weeks. This included the 3D scanning, accuracy checks and balances, and CAD file preparation before the physical production, assembly and fitting. In this short span of time, Natasha had a functional figurative sculpture that not only filled the negative space of her body, but that complimented her personality through design. Natashas leg was printed on a ProJet® 7000 SLA 3D printer by 3D Systems.. For more on the design process and Natashas reaction to her new limb, check out the ...
Check this unusual collection of photos anatomy of human made under x-rays, this photography present a life and power of human ... Amazing, Anatomy, Artistic, Awesome, Energy, Human Body, Life, Pics, Rays, Unusual, X ... jaffamood.com - Check this unusual collection of photos anatomy of human made under x-rays, this photography present a life and ...
... artistic anatomy graphic study clipart image #1779528 is available for download on iCLIPART.com. Search over 8 million royalty- ... Hand drawn illustration of the torso muscles isolated on white, artistic anatomy graphic study. ...
Anatomical art of artistic anatomy? / Johnson, Ian.. In: Journal of Anatomy, Vol. 236, No. S1, P2-AA5, 2020, p. 210-211.. ... Johnson, I 2020, Anatomical art of artistic anatomy?, Journal of Anatomy, vol. 236, no. S1, P2-AA5, pp. 210-211. ... Anatomical art of artistic anatomy?. In: Journal of Anatomy. 2020 ; Vol. 236, No. S1. pp. 210-211. ... Johnson, I. (2020). Anatomical art of artistic anatomy? Journal of Anatomy, 236(S1), 210-211. [P2-AA5]. ...
Labels: anatomy of sight, artistic anatomy, drawing from life, keith gunderson, life drawing, sight, spatial visualization, ... Labels: anatomy, artistic anatomy, bi-lateral symmetry, classic realism.keith gunderson, concentrics, contour drawing, life ... Labels: artistic anatomy, cross hatch, drawing from life, hatching, keith gunderson, robert crumb, see 3d form, woodstock ... Labels: artistic anatomy, charcoal drawing, drawing from life, female nude, figurative art, figure drawing, keith gunderson, ...
Welcome to LINEA, the online journal of the Art Students League of New York. LINEA is a platform mainly for the instructors voice at the Art Students League that captures some of the diverse intellectual currents within its studios. The journals posts address practical matters of artmaking-the craft-and also consider the bigger intellectual questions-the concept-that artists face throughout their careers. It is a journal for artists anywhere, at any stage of development ...
... a plastic skull is a requisite for the Clinically Oriented Anatomy course. Through seven weeks of hands-on modeling with ... An Artistic Turn. The Greeks originated the art form and gave it its name (enkaustikos, meaning "to heat or burn in"), from the ... The emphasis remains on learning anatomy at a deep level but 20 percent of the grade goes to the creativity. "Its based on ... "Im used to looking at these skulls and seeing the anatomy," Zoller said. "But the first thing Douglas said was, This is art ...
Start Over You searched for: Subjects Anatomy, Artistic ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Anatomy, Artistic Subjects Nervous System ...
Artistic hip joint anatomy for free of area mri bones ligaments pain and pelvis muscles human dog Human physiology is the ... Tagsmri hip anatomydog hip anatomyhip pelvis anatomyanterior hip anatomyhip anatomy ligamentsmuscles of the hip and thighhip ... pain anatomyhip joint anatomical namehip muscle anatomyhip anatomy muscles and tendons. ... Easy Hip Joint Anatomy Free Resources Jun 29, 2020 by Angela Garza ...
Anatomy lesson. 89. Robert Beverly Hale; 1901-1985, Anatomy, Artistic. Bushman is sick ...
Anatomy, Artistic Remove constraint Subjects: Anatomy, Artistic Dates by Range Before 1600 Remove constraint Dates by Range: ...
Greys Anatomy is now streaming on local streaming giant Stan.. READ MORE Definitive Proof That The Noughties Was The Greatest ... Like many films and TV shows, production on spicy doctor drama Greys Anatomy was delayed as a result of COVID-19. ... apparently Patrick Dempsey signed a contract for greys anatomy to use his image on s17 DEREK SHEPHERD IS BACK BITCHES pic. ... Theres A McDreamy Rumour That Patrick Dempsey Will Be Involved In Greys Anatomy S17. ...
GRT162 - Artistic Anatomy (1 + 2) 4 Regional surface anatomy, upper and lower extremities, ratio of torso, head and neck; ... Artistic and technique approaches of game object and game levels; creating basic movement of game objects. ... The aesthetics as a discipline; all kinds of titles in the philosophical sense of art, the examination of artistic production. ... Silk-screen printing technique produced with the artistic and industrial studies; print preparation, exposuring, and discusions ...
He developed artistic techniques like chiaroscuro, the contrast between light and shadow, and sfumato, the blending of oil ... Anatomy. In addition to his discoveries regarding human organs, Leonardo da Vinci was the first person to accurately describe ... He brought the artistic technique of atmospheric perspective-where things farther away look blurrier-to Italy, and popularized ... Many of Leonardos drawings of female anatomy mistakenly assume similarities between the reproductive organs of humans and cows ...
Chapter 5. Artistic creativity and dementia. Abstract. 1 Introduction. 2 Anatomy. 3 Art in the brain ...
The Foreigner: anatomy of a successful UK-China co-production. 2018-03-22T10:06:00Z ... Q&A: Hong Kong film festival artistic director Li Cheuk To. 2018-03-20T15:47:00Z ...
Artistic Anatomy of Animals douard Cuyer * It arises above from a tubercle at the base of the coracoid process, which surmounts ...
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- Anatomical art of artistic anatomy? (edu.au)
- Anatomical 3D digital sculpture for the study of Artistic Anatomy. (apple.com)
- Historical Anatomies on the Web: Anonymous Persian Anatomical Illustrations: Author & Title Description. (nih.gov)
- These leaves of individual organs show considerable influence from early-modern European anatomical atlases, while the explicitness of many of the details reflects Indian artistic conventions not found elsewhere in the Islamic world. (nih.gov)
- The result is a beautiful anatomical alphabet with artistic flare. (streetanatomy.com)
- Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision. (statemaster.com)
- Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes , which includes histology (the study of the organisation of tissues), and cytology (the study of cells). (statemaster.com)
- Anatomy should not be confused with histopathology (also called anatomical pathology or morbid anatomy), which is the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of diseased organs . (statemaster.com)
- Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the contours or the surface of the body. (statemaster.com)
- Superficial anatomy is a descriptive science dealing with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissecting an organism. (statemaster.com)
- She has also made a special study of anatomy and has sculpted anatomical and pathological waxworks for the Gordon Museum of Pathology at Guy's Hospital, London's Science Museum, and the Royal College of Surgeons of England. (blogspot.com)
- Morbid Anatomy is delighted to be bringing some of the best of our Morbid Anatomy Art Academy from Brooklyn to the rainy climes of London, with a series of workshops and classes in the arcane and the anatomical to be held at London's Last Tuesday Society . (blogspot.com)
- The English-language edition, first published 35 years ago, brings together the nineteenth century's greatest teacher of artistic anatomy, Paul Richer, and the twentieth century's most renowned teacher of anatomy and figure drawing, Robert Beverly Hale, who translated and edited the book for the modern reader. (foyles.co.uk)
- Robert Beverly Hale - Artistic Anatomy » Free Full Online Search Download Torrents Rapidshare Mediafire. (pearltrees.com)
- Subscribe to the Morbid Anatomy mailing list by clicking here . (blogspot.com)
- The Morbid Anatomy Museum is now permanently closed. (blogspot.com)
- Click here to find out about upcoming Morbid Anatomy events. (blogspot.com)
- Want to contribute to the holdings of the Morbid Anatomy Library? (blogspot.com)
- Click here to view the Morbid Anatomy photo collection of forgotten, curious, and overlooked museums. (blogspot.com)
- Anatomy (Greek anatomē, "dissection") is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. (wikipedia.org)
- Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology , embryology , comparative anatomy , evolutionary biology , and phylogeny , as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. (wikipedia.org)
- Cinnamon L. VanPutte has been teaching biology and human anatomy and physiology for almost two decades. (abebooks.com)
- Since 2000 he is researching on different topics including: anatomy, biology, environmental sustainability, urbanism, ecology and the symbolism of the ancient rituals, inventing new symbols. (idnworld.com)
- An understanding of human anatomy is akin to an understanding of biology as artists render objects in still life paintings as well as animals. (essaytown.com)
- The university's anatomy and physiology courses dissect cats for the purpose of learning the anatomy of humans, and is mandatory for biology, pre-med and health science majors. (csufresno.edu)
- Celebrate the beauty of the human anatomy, purchase a colorful chart today that showcases the many muscles that protect our body. (hubpages.com)
- An anatomy-aware artist can render facial expressions in realistic ways, as facial muscles are remarkably complex and subtle. (essaytown.com)
- Human anatomy is the study of the bones, joints, muscles and systems of the human body. (cnet.com)
- Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy , is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight . (wikipedia.org)
- The discipline of anatomy can be subdivided into a number of branches including gross or macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. (wikipedia.org)
- Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy (or macroscopic anatomy) and microscopic anatomy. (statemaster.com)
- The 2016 Cyber Security Strategy suggested the download neurobehavioral anatomy to send Australia's requirement to select to marketing patterns' exposures, transforming page. (prigsbee.com)
- I am thrilled to have been entrusted with the privilege of moderating this sub-forum along with my friend Roberto Ortiz , who has given me great support and encouragement in my artistic endeavors ~ to him I owe much of the credit for making first the Anatomy Review threads and now the Artistic Anatomy and Figurative Art sub-forum a reality. (cgsociety.org)
- Anatomy reference books Classic Human Anatomy: The Artist's Guide to Form, Function, and Movement This is my favourite. (pearltrees.com)
- The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy . (wikipedia.org)
- Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology , and also in the study of cells . (wikipedia.org)
- Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures on a microscopic scale, along with histology (the study of tissues), and embryology (the study of an organism in its immature condition). (wikipedia.org)
- But before we get started, I just wanted to point out that even though the terms sex and gender are not necessarily binary, we will be discussing the typical reproductive anatomy system of a male and a female in this particular course. (coursera.org)
- Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy . (wikipedia.org)
- Gross anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye, and also includes superficial anatomy or surface anatomy, the study by sight of the external body features. (wikipedia.org)
- With knowledge of superficial anatomy, physicians or veterinary surgeons gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures. (statemaster.com)
- Taking inspiration from vintage anatomy illustrations, food artist and designer Dan Cretu uses the texture and form of fruits and vegetables to recreate the human anatomy. (designswan.com)
- Clear descriptions and exceptional illustrations combine to help students develop a firm understanding of the concepts of anatomy and physiology and to teach them how to use that information. (abebooks.com)
- The artistic conventions employed in the production of these two illustrations clearly indicates Western India as a place of production. (nih.gov)
- Oklahoma-based artist Trisha Thompson Adams gracefully adorns the human body with blossoming flowers in her striking series of floral anatomy illustrations. (mymodernmet.com)
- Like illustrations found in anatomy books, the series presents a range of human body parts, spanning bones, skulls, and organs. (mymodernmet.com)
- See Trisha Thompson Adam's beautiful, blooming floral anatomy illustrations below. (mymodernmet.com)
- In this anatomy course, part of the Anatomy Specialization, you'll learn about the various digestive, endocrine, and reproductive organs, their functions, and pathways of nerves and blood vessels serving these organs. (coursera.org)
- Each session will comprise a comprehensive anatomy lecture and demonstration, with equal time given over to practical drawing exercises so that you can apply the information and concepts whilst receiving personalised guidance. (artrenewal.org)
- Hale's other books include Drawing Lessons from the Great Masters and Anatomy Lessons from the Great Masters. (foyles.co.uk)
- To find joy and relaxation and fun in drawing bodies, you want to learn just a bit about anatomy. (artistsnetwork.com)
- This is no medical course, but coming at anatomy from an artistic angle is the best way to go about getting great at drawing figures because you eventually will be able to draw the human body from a bunch of positions and a lot of different angles. (artistsnetwork.com)
- And when you are ready to jump in with more learning that isn't going to make you feel like you are in school - Brent Eviston's Figure Drawing Essentials: Anatomy and Form will be here waiting for you! (artistsnetwork.com)
- Here we organize around the act and science of Artistic Anatomy and the practice of drawing the Figure from Life. (blogspot.com)
- In addition to studying painting and drawing, the program also focuses on the advice of Leonardo da Vinci, paying attention to perspective, atmosphere, proportion, light and shadows, anatomy, colors and overall personal development. (artrenewal.org)
- Anatomy Process: 'Figure Drawing' Includes Downloadable PDF. (pearltrees.com)
- Heh, we'll see…I would love to put together an anatomy / figurative drawing book…it would be fun. (cgsociety.org)
- Great graphic reference for an artist learning anatomy or needing a figure drawing model. (vecteezy.com)
- Download this antique inked vector drawing with grunge background for your artistic and medical themes. (vecteezy.com)
- Improve your figure drawing with The Gnomon Workshop's essential guide to artistic anatomy principles. (cgchannel.com)
- Charles Hu's 228-minute anatomy masterclass offers an essential guide to drawing the human arm. (cgchannel.com)
- New three-hour video by figurative painter Van Arno provides a boot camp in anatomy drawing skills. (cgchannel.com)
- She is artist in residence at the Gordon Museum of Pathology, a member of the Medical Artists' Association, runs a course in Anatomy drawing at the Royal College of Art and lectures on the M. A. Art and Science course at Central St Martins School of Art in London. (blogspot.com)
- I feel I have learned a lot about drawing (not just humans) and teaching anatomy. (pearltrees.com)
- Students in the UNLV School of Medicine, for example, "dissect" the human body through virtual anatomy tables . (unlv.edu)
- The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body . (wikipedia.org)
- Anatomy of Strength Training, 3D Musculoskeletal anatomy, Watch and show the human body in motion. (pearltrees.com)
- Perhaps the greatest advance of the Renaissance biologists was the study of anatomy, a period where humanity first began to understand the human body and the structure of animals. (explorable.com)
- List of bones of the human skeleton Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body. (statemaster.com)
- Jones, D.G. "Re-Inventing Anatomy: The Impact of Plastination on How We See the Human Body. (essaytown.com)
- Such drawbacks have prompted institutions to adopt alternatives to traditional cadaveric anatomy. (unlv.edu)
- Images and videos from cadaveric and artistic materials will be used to illustrate these concepts. (coursera.org)
- At Southwestern Illinois College she is a full-time faculty member and the coordinator for the anatomy and physiology courses. (abebooks.com)
- The first step in learning anatomy is memorizing the location of the main muscle groups. (pearltrees.com)
- Debban said that cat anatomy is similar to that of humans because they have organ tissue, muscle tissue and blood vessels, much like a human. (csufresno.edu)
- Derived from the Greek ἀνατομή anatomē "dissection" (from ἀνατέμνω anatémnō "I cut up, cut open" from ἀνά aná "up", and τέμνω témnō "I cut"), anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems, organs and tissues . (wikipedia.org)
- Anatomy can be studied using both invasive and non-invasive methods with the goal of obtaining information about the structure and organization of organs and systems. (wikipedia.org)
- Great care has been taken to select important concepts and to perfectly describe the anatomy of cells, organs, and organ systems. (abebooks.com)
- The anatomy of the exposed organs reflects indigenous Indian concepts as well as some medieval Galenic anatomy. (nih.gov)
- Owing to the far larger number of samples of male Centaurs, the present study will not be concerned with the anatomy of females, with the exception of a brief discussion of the external genital organs. (neatorama.com)
- The history of anatomy has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body. (statemaster.com)
- I have many other artistic endeavors that I spend much of my time working on other than painting. (westword.com)
- In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the prevailing artistic style at any time and place has been shared by the major religious groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Masha is a National Educator for Sculptra Aesthetic and teaches facial anatomy and injection techniques to Physicians and Nurses. (prweb.com)
- These posts are copyrights of their perspective owners, and the images are used purely and only for artistic and aesthetic purposes. (cnet.com)
- In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology , comparative anatomy and comparative embryology , through common roots in evolution . (statemaster.com)
- Scott's profound knowledge of anatomy and his strategic teaching style are truly unique. (scott-eaton.com)
- Scott's knowledge of anatomy is detailed and thorough. (scott-eaton.com)
- Research in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine applies osteopathic concepts and techniques to a fundamental knowledge of anatomy and its structure-function relationship to treat specific areas of the body. (une.edu)
- Dr. Paul Richer (1849-1933), a distinguished artist and scientist, was a professor of creative anatomy at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and a member of the city's Institute of Medicine. (foyles.co.uk)
- After his death, she became a professor of anatomy in her own right and lectured in his place. (atlasobscura.com)
- More significantly, her father, Frederik Ruysch, was a well-known professor of anatomy and botany. (encyclopedia.com)
- Jennifer Debban, professor of physiology and anatomy at Fresno State, disagrees with Gallyer’s stance, confirming that the animals used in her class are humanely euthanized to her knowledge, and are euthunized because of overpopulation. (csufresno.edu)
- Moving anatomy reference : Torso 1. (pearltrees.com)
- Inside the Artist's Studio: Anatomy (Torso Back) part 3. (pearltrees.com)
- He conducted the Philadelphia School of Anatomy from 1868 to 1875, was a lecturer on pathological anatomy at Jefferson. (wikipedia.org)
- However, substantially the same structures and tissues are found throughout the rest of the animal kingdom and the term also includes the anatomy of other animals. (wikipedia.org)
- The plan that has been followed for ten editions of this popular text is to combine clear and accurate descriptions of anatomy with precise explanations of how structures function and examples of how they work together to maintain life. (abebooks.com)
- Human anatomy focuses on the structures of the body and the standard naming and definition of physical properties. (cnet.com)
- But sketching the leg's anatomy, even in broad masses distinguished with texture or patterns to separate tendons and bones and ligaments-is a good way to go if you still want to have fun with it. (artistsnetwork.com)
- We talked about the historic tendency to cover up male anatomy - and the many pants, codpieces, and wispy scarves that were superimposed by other artists on Michelangelo's naked men. (painterskeys.com)
- In fact, it can be somewhat frustrating to attempt to study anatomy without an understanding of the physiology that a body structure supports. (akordefd.com)
- Exam candidates often ask how to study anatomy and if it is imperative to memorize everything. (cnet.com)
- For the anatomy of plants, see Plant anatomy . (wikipedia.org)
- The structure and tissues of plants are of a dissimilar nature and they are studied in plant anatomy . (wikipedia.org)
- It is a general term that can include human anatomy , animal anatomy ( zootomy ) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). (statemaster.com)
- Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the structure of plants. (statemaster.com)
- This greatly influenced her future artistic output, which would be characterized by realistic, still-life depictions of plants and flowers. (encyclopedia.com)
- How will the future artistic innovations be new and challenging without referencing the past? (westword.com)
- Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. (statemaster.com)
- Our students learn anatomy, art history, and the italian language as an important cultural component of the Renaissance. (artrenewal.org)
- There is a strong his history of presenting anatomy in an artistic format--Vesalius is one famous example--where skeletons are posed reading books, or holding their skin or contemplating a(nother) skull--but not so much past the late 17th century. (typepad.com)
- The history of anatomy as a science extends from the earliest examinations of sacrificial victims to the sophisticated analyses of the body performed by modern scientists. (statemaster.com)
- His greatest joy is creating a piece that is an instant conduit to a rich body of knowledge (anatomy, feelings, history, and lore). (eiteljorg.org)
- The sturdy backbone has brought out different spine innovations that play on the actual anatomy, inspire furniture or decor designs and even contribute to engineering. (trendhunter.com)
- Artistic innovations will expand as the cultures that create them do. (westword.com)
- Their ingenious reduction of human anatomy to geometric forms was prescient, auguring the artistic innovations of European modernism. (high.org)
- Yet, as challenging as it may seem, reconstruction of the ear can be made easier and predictable if one understands the surgical principles and anatomy. (medscape.com)
- We take into account two different structural principles in the hypothetical anatomy of classic Centaurs. (neatorama.com)
- Discover key anatomy principles and sculpting techniques in The Gnomon Workshop's new tutorial. (cgchannel.com)
- A static representation of the human anatomy is needed for educational purposes. (hubpages.com)
- Completing the circle, this multi-year repository of student-generated cardiac art has been used as vital learning objects in on-going medical school lectures, as an alternative representation of anatomy and physiology. (doaj.org)
- Surface anatomy of the anterior (lateral) surface of the ear. (medscape.com)
- Anatomy Art: Fascination Beneath the Surface. (essaytown.com)
- Artistic anatomy is a tough discipline. (pearltrees.com)
- His ecorches , or "flayed men," used real skeletons covered in artistic wax representations of flesh. (atlasobscura.com)
- Robern Beverly Hale (1901-1985), who ended his career as curator emeritus of American painting and sculpture at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, was an instructor of anatomy at the Art Students League for 40 years. (foyles.co.uk)
- The emphasis remains on learning anatomy at a deep level but 20 percent of the grade goes to the creativity. (unlv.edu)
- You can learn anatomy from books, but buy wisely. (pearltrees.com)
- The ultimate guide to Learn Anatomy! (cnet.com)
- Download now Teach Me Anatomy Learn Anatomy to discover the best way to learn anatomy. (cnet.com)
- With the app Teach Me Anatomy Learn Anatomy you can have concrete support for your human anatomy studies. (cnet.com)
- Every essential aspect of anatomy is supported by photographs and diagrams, along with beautifully drawn examples by the artist. (searchpress.com)
- As with most areas of Renaissance science, the advent of printing allowed diagrams of anatomy to spread far and wide, giving a greater number of scholars access to the latest studies. (explorable.com)
- Anatomy and physiology , which study (respectively) the structure and function of organisms and their parts, make a natural pair of related disciplines , and they are often studied together. (wikipedia.org)
- An essential tool for any artist to use alongside the best artistic anatomy books. (apple.com)
- Best Anatomy Books for Artists (Some of my favourites) I occasionally get readers asking me to recommend anatomy books to them. (pearltrees.com)
- I guess the reason is because some readers aren't aware that there's actually a list of anatomy books reviewed on my blog, or that list is just too long and they want a quick and simple guide for helping them choose the correct book. (pearltrees.com)
- So I've compiled this condensed list of what I think are some of the best anatomy books available. (pearltrees.com)
- More accurately speaking, they are some of my favourite anatomy books. (pearltrees.com)
- I thought this might be a good time to list my favorite books for the academic study of anatomy. (pearltrees.com)
- Next semester I will be teaching a 'Bridgman Studies' class, I will write more about the books I reference when studying the visual side of anatomy at that time. (pearltrees.com)
- In modern art, anatomy has undergone an artistic revolution. (essaytown.com)