Anaplasma phagocytophilum: A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease in horses and sheep. In humans, it causes human granulocytic EHRLICHIOSIS.Anaplasma: A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are transmitted by arthropod vectors with the host range limited to ruminants. Anaplasma marginale is the most pathogenic species and is the causative agent of severe bovine anaplasmosis.Ehrlichiosis: A tick-borne disease characterized by FEVER; HEADACHE; myalgias; ANOREXIA; and occasionally RASH. It is caused by several bacterial species and can produce disease in DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; HORSES; and humans. The primary species causing human disease are EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; and Ehrlichia ewingii.Anaplasmosis: A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.Anaplasma marginale: A species of gram-negative bacteria and causative agent of severe bovine ANAPLASMOSIS. It is the most pathogenic of the ANAPLASMA species.Ixodes: The largest genus of TICKS in the family IXODIDAE, containing over 200 species. Many infest humans and other mammals and several are vectors of diseases such as LYME DISEASE, tick-borne encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, TICK-BORNE), and KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE.Anaplasmataceae Infections: Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE.Tick Infestations: Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.Tick-Borne Diseases: Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic.Babesia microti: A species of protozoa infecting humans via the intermediate tick vector IXODES scapularis. The other hosts are the mouse PEROMYSCUS leucopus and meadow vole MICROTUS pennsylvanicus, which are fed on by the tick. Other primates can be experimentally infected with Babesia microti.Ticks: Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)Nymph: The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult.Anaplasma centrale: A species of gram-negative bacteria causing mild ANAPLASMOSIS in CATTLE. It also can infect SHEEP and GOATS. It is transmitted by TICKS.Dermacentor: A widely distributed genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, including a number that infest humans and other mammals. Several are vectors of diseases such as TULAREMIA; ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; COLORADO TICK FEVER; and ANAPLASMOSIS.HL-60 Cells: A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)Deer: The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)Arachnid Vectors: Members of the class Arachnida, especially SPIDERS; SCORPIONS; MITES; and TICKS; which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Arthropod Vectors: Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Anaplasmataceae: A family of bacteria which inhabit RED BLOOD CELLS and cause several animal diseases.Borrelia burgdorferi: A specific species of bacteria, part of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP, whose common name is Lyme disease spirochete.Disease Reservoirs: Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.Ixodidae: A family of hardbacked TICKS, in the subclass ACARI. Genera include DERMACENTOR and IXODES among others.Ehrlichia chaffeensis: A species of gram-negative bacteria that is the causative agent of human EHRLICHIOSIS. This organism was first discovered at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, when blood samples from suspected human ehrlichiosis patients were studied.Babesia: A genus of tick-borne protozoan parasites that infests the red blood cells of mammals, including humans. There are many recognized species, and the distribution is world-wide.Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins: Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.Sheep Diseases: Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.Ehrlichia: Small, often pleomorphic, coccoid to ellipsoidal organisms occurring intracytoplasmically in circulating LYMPHOCYTES. They are the etiologic agents of tick-borne diseases of humans; DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and HORSES.Anaplasma ovis: A species of gram-negative bacteria producing mild to severe ANAPLASMOSIS in SHEEP and GOATS, and mild or inapparent infections in DEER and CATTLE.PolandBabesiosis: A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.Dog Diseases: Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.Horse Diseases: Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Lyme Disease: An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Seroepidemiologic Studies: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.Ehrlichia canis: Species of gram-negative bacteria in the family ANAPLASMATACEAE, causing EHRLICHIOSIS in DOGS. The most common vector is the brown dog tick. It can also cause disease in humans.Horses: Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.Rickettsia: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer. The natural cycle of its organisms generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host. Species of the genus are the etiological agents of human diseases, such as typhus.Rodentia: A mammalian order which consists of 29 families and many genera.Slovakia: Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Forestry: The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.Salivary Glands: Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).Zoonoses: Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Animals, Wild: Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.Bites and StingsRodent Diseases: Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).Borrelia: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, helical bacteria, various species of which produce RELAPSING FEVER in humans and other animals.Dirofilaria immitis: A filarial parasite primarily of dogs but occurring also in foxes, wolves, and humans. The parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes.Antigenic Variation: Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)
Cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes in horses experimentally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophila. (1/299)
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), a tick-borne zoonosis, is caused by an obligatory intragranulocytic bacterium, the HGE agent, a strain of Anaplasma phagocytophila. The equine model of HGE is considered valuable in understanding pathogenic and immune mechanisms of HGE. In the present study, cytokine mRNA expression by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in horses was examined during the course of infection by intravenous inoculation of A. phagocytophila or by allowing feeding by infected ticks. The p44 genes encoding the major outer membrane protein P44s of A. phagocytophila were detected by PCR in PBLs of all four horses from 4 to 20 days postexposure. During the 20-day infection period, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression was upregulated in PBLs of all four horses, and IL-8 mRNA expression was upregulated in three horses. Gamma interferon, IL-10, and IL-12 p35 mRNAs were weakly expressed in only one horse each. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 p40 mRNA expression, however, could not be detected in the PBLs of any of the four horses. These results suggest that IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 generation during A. phagocytophila infection has a primary role in HGE pathogenesis and immunomodulation. (+info)Repression of rac2 mRNA expression by Anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation. (2/299)
Anaplasma phagocytophila, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, is an emerging bacterial pathogen that invades neutrophils and can be cultivated in HL-60 cells. Infected neutrophils and HL-60 cells fail to produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), which is partially attributable to the fact that A. phagocytophila inhibits transcription of gp91(phox), an integral component of NADPH oxidase. cDNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that transcription of the gene encoding Rac2, a key component in NADPH oxidase activation, was down-regulated in infected HL-60 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that rac2 mRNA expression was reduced 7-fold in retinoic acid-differentiated HL-60 cells and 50-fold in neutrophils following A. phagocytophila infection. Rac2 protein expression was absent in infected HL-60 cells. Rac1 and Rac2 are interchangeable in their abilities to activate NADPH oxidase. HL-60 cells transfected to express myc-tagged rac1 and gp91(phox) from the CMV immediate early promoter maintained the ability to generate O(2)(-) 120 h postinfection. A. phagocytophila proliferation was severely inhibited in these cells. These results directly attribute the inhibition of rac2 and gp91(phox) transcription to the loss of NADPH oxidase activity in A. phagocytophila-infected cells and demonstrate its importance to bacterial intracellular survival. (+info)Roles of neutrophil beta 2 integrins in kinetics of bacteremia, extravasation, and tick acquisition of Anaplasma phagocytophila in mice. (3/299)
Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including Anaplasma phagocytophila an etiologic agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis. As such, inflammation at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of inflammation. Up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or infection with A phagocytophila, and the absence of CD11b/CD18 results in early increases in bacteremia. We hypothesized that beta 2 integrin-dependent infection kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila infection kinetics were evaluated in CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18, and CD18 knock-out mice using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila infection of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by beta 2 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for beta 2 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of beta 2 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small hemorrhages may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on CD11/CD18-deficient mouse strains. (+info)Antibiotic susceptibilities of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum strains from various geographic areas in the United States. (4/299)
We tested the antibiotic susceptibilities of eight strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) collected in various geographic areas of the United States, including Minnesota, Wisconsin, California, and New York. The results are homogeneous and show that doxycycline, rifampin, and levofloxacin are the most active antibiotics against these strains in vitro. (+info)Seasonal dynamics of Anaplasma phagocytophila in a rodent-tick (Ixodes trianguliceps) system, United Kingdom. (5/299)
We investigated the reservoir role of European wild rodents for Anaplasma phagocytophila using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of blood collected from individually tagged rodents captured monthly over 2 years. The only tick species observed in the woodland study site was Ixodes trianguliceps, and ruminant reservoir hosts were not known to occur. A. phagocytophila infections were detected in both bank voles and wood mice but were restricted to periods of peak nymphal and adult tick activity. Most PCR-positive rodents were positive only once, suggesting that rodent infections are generally short-lived and that ticks rather than rodents may maintain the infection over winter. Bank voles were more likely to be PCR positive than wood mice, possibly because detectable infections are longer lived in bank voles. This study confirms that woodland rodents can maintain A. phagocytophila in Great Britain in the absence of other reservoir hosts and suggests that I. trianguliceps is a competent vector. (+info)Comparison of PCR assays for detection of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. (6/299)
Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease in the United States and Europe, and PCR methods have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of acute infections. Numerous PCR assays and primer sets have been reported in the literature. The analytical sensitivities (limits of detection) of 13 published PCR primer sets were compared using DNA extracted from serial dilutions of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 cells. The specificity of the assays that were able to detectExpression of multiple outer membrane protein sequence variants from a single genomic locus of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. (7/299)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of an emerging tick-borne zoonosis in the United States and Europe. The organism causes a febrile illness accompanied by other nonspecific symptoms and can be fatal, especially if treatment is delayed. Persistence of A. phagocytophilum within mammalian reservoir hosts is important for ensuring continued disease transmission. In the related organism Anaplasma marginale, persistence is associated with antigenic variation of the immunoprotective outer membrane protein MSP2. Extensive diversity of MSP2 is achieved by combinatorial gene conversion of a genomic expression site by truncated pseudogenes. The major outer membrane protein of A. phagocytophilum, MSP2(P44), is homologous to MSP2 of A. marginale, has a similar organization of conserved and variable regions, and is also encoded by a multigene family containing some truncated gene copies. This suggests that the two organisms could use similar mechanisms to generate diversity in outer membrane proteins from their small genomes. We define here a genomic expression site for MSP2(P44) in A. phagocytophilum. As in A. marginale, the msp2(p44) gene in this expression site is polymorphic in all populations of organisms we have examined, whether organisms are obtained from in vitro culture in human HL-60 cells, from culture in the tick cell line ISE6, or from infected human blood. Changes in culture conditions were found to favor the growth and predominance of certain msp2(p44) variants. Insertions, deletions, and substitutions in the region of the genomic expression site encoding the central hypervariable region matched sequence polymorphisms in msp2(p44) mRNA. These data suggest that, similarly to A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum uses combinatorial mechanisms to generate a large array of outer membrane protein variants. Such gene polymorphism has profound implications for the design of vaccines, diagnostic tests, and therapy. (+info)Anaplasma phagocytophilum reduces neutrophil apoptosis in vivo. (8/299)
Ovine neutrophils spontaneously underwent apoptosis during culture in vitro, as assessed by morphological changes and exposure of annexin V binding sites on their cell surfaces. The addition of conditioned medium from concanavalin A-treated ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could partially protect against this progression into apoptosis, but dexamethasone and sodium butyrate could not. Actinomycin D accelerated the rate at which ovine neutrophils underwent apoptosis. Neutrophils isolated from sheep experimentally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum showed significantly delayed apoptosis during culture ex vivo, and the addition of conditioned medium from PBMC to these cells could not delay apoptosis above the protective effects observed after in vivo infection. The ability of neutrophils from A. phagocytophilum-infected sheep to activate a respiratory burst was increased compared to the activity measured in neutrophils from uninfected sheep, but chemotaxis was decreased in neutrophils from infected sheep. These data are the first demonstration that in vivo infection with A. phagocytophilum results in changes in rates of apoptosis of infected immune cells. This may help explain how these bacteria replicate in these normally short-lived cells. (+info)Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes granulocytic anaplasmosis. Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease. Rickettsia rickettsii ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human metapneumovirus infection Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) Human monocytic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia ...
December 2005). "Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 11 (12): 1828-34 ... and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from a coastal region of California". J. Med. Entomol. 40 (4): 534-9. ...
E. phagocytophilum and E. equi were reclassified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection Ticks of domestic ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum shares its tick vector with other human pathogens, and about 10% of patients with HGA show serologic ... Massung RF, Courtney JW, Hiratzka SL, Pitzer VE, Smith G, Dryden RL (October 2005). "Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed ... Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne, infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate ...
... prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichia sp.), Wolbachia sp., Rickettsia sp., and Babesia sp. in Southern Germany". ... Anaplasma centrale - found mainly in South America, Africa and the Middle East. Sheep and goats: Anaplasma ovis - found ... In 2005, Anaplasma ovis was found in reindeer populations in Mongolia. This pathogen and its associated syndrome (characterized ... In Australia, bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is only found in the northern and eastern parts of Australia ...
Type IV secretion in the obligatory intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum". Cellular Microbiology. 12 (9): 1213-21 ... T4SS has two effector proteins: firstly, ATS-1, which stands for Anaplasma translocated substrate 1, and secondly AnkA, which ...
Like Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia ewingii infects neutrophils. ...
2007). "Sp110 transcription is induced and required by Anaplasma phagocytophilum for infection of human promyelocytic cells". ...
Lin, Mingqun; Rikihisa, Yasuko (2003-09-01). "Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum lack genes for lipid A ... It is also closely related to Wolbachia, Anaplasma, and Neorickettsia bacteria, with Rickettsia as a more distant genus. ... unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis,). A. phagocytophilum is endemic to New England and the ... genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported ...
... may also carry Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of HGE (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), ... and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from a Coastal Region of California". J. Med. Entomol. 40 (4): 534-9. ...
... such as Theileria microti and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause the diseases babesiosis and human granulocytic ... birds in introduction and range expansion of Ixodes scapularis ticks and of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum. Prevalence of Infectious Agents and Anti-Erythrocyte ...
... and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in the United States: Results of a national clinic-based serologic survey". Veterinary ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Ionfhabhtú Human metapneumovirus. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Human monocytic ehrlichiosis. ...
... such as Theileria microti and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause the diseases babesiosis and human granulocytic ...
... as an alternative treatment for infections by the tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum when ...
L. cervi flies are not only a nuisance, but also represent a newly discovered vector for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a Gram- ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) is a bacterium of deer that spreads to sheep where it causes tick ... Anaplasma centrale tends to infect the central region of red blood cells, and is sufficiently closely related to An. marginale ... Anaplasma marginale infects marginal areas of red blood cells of cattle and causes anaplasmosis wherever boophilid ticks occur ... However, some microbes, such as Anaplasma marginale and A. centrale, can also be transmitted by biting flies, or by blood on ...
... baumannii Actinomyces israelii Agrobacterium radiobacter Agrobacterium tumefaciens Anaplasma Anaplasma phagocytophilum ...
... renamed to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, see Human granulocytic anaplasmosis for another example) Vector: Lone star tick ( ...
... phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys Anaplasmosis Parte, A.C. "Anaplasma". www.bacterio.net. Anaplasmas reviewed and ... Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in cattle Anaplasma mesaeterum and Anaplasma ovis in sheep and goats Anaplasma ... Anaplasma genomes in the JGI genome browser Anaplasma at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Anaplasma Genome Projects (from Genomes OnLine Database) Comparative Analysis of Anaplasma Genomes (at DOE's IMG system). ...
... HZ Genome Page Anaplasma phagocytophilum at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) is a gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a small, obligate, intracellular bacterium with a Gram-negative cell wall. It is 0.2-1.0 μm and ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum binds to fucosylated and sialylated scaffold proteins on neutrophil and granulocyte surfaces. A type ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilumRedigeeri. Oletatakse, et bakteri Anaplasma phagocytophilum elutsükkel organismis võib häirida ... ning see omakorda signaliseerib neutrofiilide tõmmet Anaplasma phagocytophilumi sulundkehakestesse. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum muudab rakkudevahelist suhtlust nii, et suureneks IL-1 ja IL-8 tsütokiinide osakaal, ...
... et Anaplasma phagocytophilum elutsükkel organismis võib häirida neutrofiilide fagotsütoosi, samuti viibib apoptoos. Anaplasma ... Nieto NC, Foley JE, Bettaso J, Lane RS.,Reptile infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ... Selles artiklis on kasutatud saksakeelset artiklit de:Anaplasma phagocytophilum seisuga 22.01.2014. ... Varem on seda bakterit nimetatud mitmeti: Anaplasma phagocytophila, Ehrlichia phagocytophilum ja Ehrlichia phagocytophila, ka ...
Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum *Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis. *Ehrlichia chaffeensis *Human ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum. CCAGCGTTTAGCAAGATAAGAG. msp2/p44. msp2-3F. 334. Zeidner et al. 2000 ... Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 23:770- ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum é responsável pela anaplasmose granulocítica, doença que acomete seres-humanos e várias espécies de ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum is responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and various animal species. The aim of the ...
A. phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 12 lambs and 7 red deer, 11 and 4 individuals of which 16S rDNA and msp4 sequence data ... The presence of A. phagocytophilum in these samples was determined by PCR-based methods, and genotyping of detected strains was ... Previous experimental work has shown that A. phagocytophilum strains recovered from red deer (Cervus elaphus) are infective in ... To address this shortfall, the present study explores the genotypic relatedness between A. phagocytophilum strains infecting ...
... phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum human-Active, which causes human cases, and A. phagocytophilum variant 1, which does not) ... phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum human-Active, which causes human cases, and A. phagocytophilum variant 1, which does not) ... phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum human-Active, which causes human cases, and A. phagocytophilum variant 1, which does not) ... phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum human-Active, which causes human cases, and A. phagocytophilum variant 1, which does not) ...
... real-time PCR was developed to specifically detect Neoehrlichia mikurensis in combination with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ...
... wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/anaplasma-phagocytophilum-infection/case-definition/2008/) ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection 2008. Current. Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection(https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/ ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum HZ Genome Page Anaplasma phagocytophilum at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) is a gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a small, obligate, intracellular bacterium with a Gram-negative cell wall. It is 0.2-1.0 μm and ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum binds to fucosylated and sialylated scaffold proteins on neutrophil and granulocyte surfaces. A type ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum in central and western Wisconsin: a molecular survey.. Michalski M1, Rosenfield C, Erickson M, Selle ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted to humans through the bite of Ixodes spp. ... The presence of A. phagocytophilum in Wisconsin white-tailed deer blood and in deer ticks was assessed using PCR and DNA ... Furthermore, two novel A. phagocytophilum variants were found in deer blood samples. Transmission of Lyme disease has been ...
... et Anaplasma phagocytophilum elutsükkel organismis võib häirida neutrofiilide fagotsütoosi, samuti viibib apoptoos. Anaplasma ... Nieto NC, Foley JE, Bettaso J, Lane RS.,Reptile infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ... Selles artiklis on kasutatud saksakeelset artiklit de:Anaplasma phagocytophilum seisuga 22.01.2014. ... Varem on seda bakterit nimetatud mitmeti: Anaplasma phagocytophila, Ehrlichia phagocytophilum ja Ehrlichia phagocytophila, ka ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. JM. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. MRK. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. NCH-1. Anaplasma ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. JM. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. MRK. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. NCH-1. Anaplasma ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. JM. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. MRK. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. NCH-1. Anaplasma ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. CRT53-1. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. CRT38. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. ApMUC09. 322. ...
The tick-transmitted Anaplasma phagocytophilumhas been recorded in a range of mammal species and causes granulocytic ... Kenny MJ, Parsons I, Shaw SE, Beugnet F (2003) Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum infection in a UK fallow deer (Dama dama) ... Stuen S (2007) Anaplasma phagocytophilum-the most widespread tick-borne infection in animals in Europe. Vet Res Commun 31(Suppl ... Adamska M (2006) Detecting Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in blood of roe deer and in ticks. Med Weter 62:201-203 In Polish with ...
Inability of a variant strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to infect mice.. Massung RF1, Priestley RA, Miller NJ, Mather TN, ... Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to determine the presence and prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ...
A total of 54 wild rabbits captured from southeastern China were examined for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in rabbits from southeastern China.. *. [ Not Yet Rated ] [ Discuss This ... A total of 54 wild rabbits captured from southeastern China were examined for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia ... Sequence analyses of PCR products identified a variant of A. phagocytophilum and a B. garinii genotype. This is the first ...
The PCR test discriminated A. phagocytophilum strains from clinically affected humans and U.S. dogs from the strains more ... This warrants further testing of globally diverse A. phagocytophilum strains to examine world-wide conservation of this gene. ... We have previously described a comparative genome analysis of nine strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum that showed similarity ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum; comparative genomics; diagnosis; PCR human anaplasmosis; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; comparative ...
Sequence Analysis of the msp4 Gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains. José de la Fuente, Robert F. Massung, Susan J. Wong, ... Sequence Analysis of the msp4 Gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains. José de la Fuente, Robert F. Massung, Susan J. Wong, ... and Anaplasma spp. was done using the msp4 data for A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. centrale, and A. ovis; the E. ... Sequence Analysis of the msp4 Gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains. José de la Fuente, Robert F. Massung, Susan J. Wong, ...
The presence of A. phagocytophilum was found in 2.7 % of foxes. ... Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in roe deer ( ... The investigation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection covered 111 red foxes from the Mazovian Province. Determination was ... Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected ... Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of ...
... phagocytophilum in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. ... We report the first isolation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in South Korea. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 6-day history ... New genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). ... oa Clinical Isolation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in South Korea * Seung Hun Lee1,†, Se Yoon Park2,5,†, Mi Jin Jang1, Ki Ju ...
Find out information about Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A genus of the family Anaplasmataceae; organisms form inclusions in red ... blood cells of ruminants Explanation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ... equi and is now referred to as Anaplasma phagocytophilum (which ... Anaplasma. (redirected from Anaplasma phagocytophilum). Also found in: Medical, Wikipedia. Anaplasma. [‚an·ə′plaz·mə] ( ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Article about Anaplasma phagocytophilum by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2. ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, among other pathogens. We now show that the presence of A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis ticks ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces Ixodes scapularis ticks to express an antifreeze glycoprotein gene that enhances their ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces Ixodes scapularis ticks to express an antifreeze glycoprotein gene that enhances their ... A. phagocytophilum. -infected mice. Each circle in A. , C. , D. , and E. represents 1 individual tick, and each circle in B. ...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is the causative agent of human, equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever in ... A. phagocytophilum has become an emerging tick-borne pathogen in the United States, Europe, Africa and Asia, with increasing ... A. phagocytophilum has become an emerging tick-borne pathogen in the United States, Europe, Africa and Asia, with increasing ... A. phagocytophilum infection inhibits gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism, but increases the expression of glycolytic ...
c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase 2 Inhibits Gamma Interferon Production during Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection Joao H. F. Pedra, ... ASC/PYCARD and caspase-1 regulate the IL-18/IFN-γ axis during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. J. Immunol. 179:4783-4791. ... Anaplasma phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of ROCK1 during infection. Cell Microbiol. 9:1730-1737. ... Infection of endothelial cells with Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum. Vet. Microbiol. 101:53-64. ...
Previous work from our laboratory determined that SUMOylation is important for A. phagocytophilum survival and that SUMOylated ... Previous work from our laboratory determined that SUMOylation is important for A. phagocytophilum survival and that SUMOylated ... Ectopic expression of APH0032 in A. phagocytophilum infected host cells significantly boosted the bacterial load. This study ... Bacterial proteins that localize to the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole membrane (AVM) are critical host-pathogen ...
Serum samples from a total of 707 goats, 433 cattle, and 219 dogs were collected for detecting Anaplasma phagocytophilum IgG ... phagocytophilum 16S rRNA genes and the PCR-positive rates were 26.69% for goats, 23.38% for cattle, and 10.89% for dogs. Six ... f Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Domestic Animals in Ten Provinces/Cities of China * Lijuan Zhang, Hong Liu, Bianli Xu ... Infections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in Germany. Res Vet Sci 91: 71-76.[Crossref]. [Google Scholar] ...
... are coinfected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or with TBE virus, i.e. that cytopenia is a result of concomitant HGA or the ... phagocytophilum or had a recent primary infection with TBE virus. The findings in the present study indicate that in Slovenia, ... phagocytophilum antigens by IFA in acute and convalescent serum samples. Thus, none of 67 patients (95% CI: 0 to 5.3%) with ...
- This study confirms a relatively high frequency of A. phagocytophilum infection in a population of domiciled dogs in an urbanized area in south-eastern Brazil and highlights the need for further studies on the role of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks in the transmission of this bacterium to dogs in urban Brazilian areas. (scielo.br)
- Anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by infection with the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. (elsevier.com)
- We determined the realized reservoir competence of 14 species of common vertebrate hosts for ticks by establishing the probability that each species transmits two important strains of A. phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum human-Active, which causes human cases, and A. phagocytophilum variant 1, which does not) to feeding larval ticks. (elsevier.com)
- ticks were more than two times as likely to be infected with A. phagocytophilum human-Active as A. phagocytophilum variant 1. (elsevier.com)
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum is responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and various animal species. (scielo.br)
- In the eastern United States, A. phagocytophilum is transmitted to hosts through the bite of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. (elsevier.com)
- Infections by the ixodid tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum are common in domestic ruminants and cervids in the coastal areas of southern Norway. (semanticscholar.org)
- Esse estudo confirma a frequência relativamente alta da infecção por A. phagocytophilum em uma população de cães domiciliados em área urbanizada no sudeste do Brasil e destaca a necessidade de pesquisas para determinar o papel do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato na transmissão desse microrganismo para cães de áreas urbanas brasileiras. (scielo.br)
- Seven dogs (10.9%) were PCR-positive for the msp4 gene, six and four of these were positive for the for the msp2/p44 gene of A. phagocytophilum and 16S rRNA region of granulocytic Anaplasmataceae respectively. (scielo.br)
- Sete cães (10,9%) foram positivos no PCR para o gene msp4 de A. phagocytophilum , seis para o gene msp2/p44 A. phagocytophilum e quatro para a região 16S rRNA de Anaplasmataceae granulocíticas. (scielo.br)
- Anti- A. phagocytophilum antibodies were detected in 43.8% of the dogs. (scielo.br)
- The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum- infected dogs in a residential area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. (scielo.br)
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in sympatric red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep in southern Norway. (semanticscholar.org)
- article{Stuen2013AnaplasmaPV, title={Anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in sympatric red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep in southern Norway. (semanticscholar.org)
- Anticorpos anti- A. phagocytophilum foram detectados em 43,8% dos cães. (scielo.br)
- White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were the most competent reservoirs for infection with the A. phagocytophilum human-Active strain. (elsevier.com)
- Based on these DNA sequences, a multiplex real-time PCR was developed to specifically detect Neoehrlichia mikurensis in combination with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick lysates. (uantwerpen.be)