Anaphylaxis
Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis
Food Hypersensitivity
Immunoglobulin E
Drug Hypersensitivity
SRS-A
Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Skin Tests
Urticaria
Histamine
Allergens
Basophils
Anti-Allergic Agents
Cell Degranulation
Ant Venoms
Epinephrine
Desensitization, Immunologic
Histamine H1 Antagonists
Cromolyn Sodium
Hypersensitivity
Glafenine
Latex Hypersensitivity
Autacoids
Histamine Antagonists
Hypersensitivity, Immediate
Arachis hypogaea
Angioedema
Bee Venoms
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Ascaris
Guinea Pigs
Arthropod Venoms
Tryptases
Receptors, IgE
Reagins
Diethylcarbamazine
Platelet Activating Factor
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine
Fagopyrum
Methysergide
Structural determinants of the eosinophil: chemotactic activity of the acidic tetrapeptides of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. (1/1066)
The acidic tetrapeptides of ECF-A, Ala/Val-Gly-Ser-Glu, exhibit peak in vitro chemotactic activity for human eosinophils at concentrations of 3 X 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M, and rapidly deactivate eosinophils to homologous and other stimuli at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M. The analogue Leu-Gly-Ser-Glu reaches peak activity at 10(-8)M-10(-7)M, while Phe-Gly-Ser-Glu requires 10(-4)M to elicit a peak response. Although inversion of the order of glycine and serine does not alter the eosinophil chemotactic activity of the tetrapeptides, deletion of glycine increases by 10-fold the concentration required for peak chemotactic activity, indicating the critical nature of the spacing between NH2- and COOH-terminal residues. The substituent COOH-terminal tripeptide, which is only marginally chemotactic, irreversibly suppresses eosinophil chemotactic responsiveness at a concentration 10,000-fold higher than concentrations necessary for deactivation by the intact tetrapeptide. The high concentration of tripeptide required for this cell directed effect, which is assumed to be analogous to deactivation, is attributed to the absence of the NH2-terminal residue which would facilitate effective interaction with the eosinophil. A substituent NH2-terminal tripeptide and amides of the NH2-terminal amino acids, which are devoid of chemotactic and deactivating activities, reversibly inhibit the tetrapeptide stimulus in a dose-response fashion. The additional finding that the NH2-terminal tripeptide protects the eosinophil from deactivation by the intact tetrapeptide confirms that the competitive interaction is stimulus specific. (+info)The cat lung strip as an in vitro preparation of peripheral airways: a comparison of beta-adrenoceptor agonists, autacoids and anaphylactic challenge on the lung strip and trachea. (2/1066)
1 A new in vitro preparation, the isolated lung strip of the cat, is described for investigating the direct effect of drugs on the smooth muscle of the peripheral airways of the lung. The preparation comprises a thin strip of lung parenchyma which can be mounted in a conventional organ bath for isometric tension recording. Its pharmacological responses have been characterized and compared with the isolated tracheal preparation of the cat. 2 The lung strip exhibited an intrinsic tone which was relaxed by catecholamines, aminophylline and flufenamate. It was contracted strongly by histamine, prostaglandin F2alpha, acetylcholine, compound 48/80, potassium depolarizing solution and alternating current field stimulation. In contrast, the cat trachea was unresponsive to histamine and prostaglandin F2alpha and did not exhibit an intrinsic tone. 3 (-)-Isoprenaline and (-)-adrenaline were much more potent in relaxing the lung strip than the trachea. The potency order of relaxation responses to isoprenaline, adrenaline and (+/-)-noradrenaline in the lung strip was isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline but in the trachea was isoprenaline greater than noradrenaline greater than or equal to adrenaline. 4 beta2-Adrenoceptor selective agonists salbutamol and terbutaline were more potent in the lung strip than the trachea, suggesting beta2-adrenoceptors predominated in the lung strip. Propranolol was equipotent in inhibiting isoprenaline relexations of the lung strip and trachea, whereas practolol was much less effective in inhibiting lung strip than trachea, further supporting a predominance of beta2-adrenoceptors in lung strip and beta1-adrenoceptors in trachea. 5 Strong Schultz-Dale type contractions were elicited in both lung strips and trachea by Ascaris lumbricoides antigen in actively sensitized cats. The initial phase of the contractile response of the lung strip following challenge was shown to be due to histamine release and was absent in the trachea. The delayed phase of the contraction which took several minutes to develop in both the mepyramine-treated lung strip and trachea was not due to prostaglandins E1, F2alpha or bradykinin, the probable mediator being slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). 6 It is concluded that the isolated lung strip of the cat is useful as an in vitro model for investigating the effect of drugs on the smooth muscle of the peripheral airways of the lungs. (+info)Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice: interactions between serotonin and acetylcholine. (3/1066)
1. Immunized BP2 mice developed an acute bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro in response to ovalbumin (OA) and these contractions were dose dependent. 2. Methysergide or atropine inhibited OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro. 3. Neostigmine potentiated the OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro of BP2 mice. This potentiation was markedly reduced by the administration of methysergide or atropine and when the two antagonists were administered together, the responses were completely inhibited. 4. Neostigmine also potentiated the serotonin (5-HT)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced bronchoconstriction and this potentiation was significantly reversed by atropine. 5. These results indicate that OA provokes a bronchoconstriction in immunized BP2 mice by stimulating the release of 5-HT, which in turn acts via the cholinergic mediator, ACh. (+info)Mediators of anaphylaxis but not activated neutrophils augment cholinergic responses of equine small airways. (4/1066)
Neutrophilic inflammation in small airways (SA) and bronchospasm mediated via muscarinic receptors are features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses (COPD). Histamine, serotonin, and leukotrienes (LTs) are reported to be involved in the exacerbation of COPD, and currently, histamine has been shown to increase tension response to electrical field simulation (EFS) in equine SA. We tested the effects of these mediators and the effects of activated neutrophils on the cholinergic responses in SA. Histamine, serotonin, and LTD4 had a synergistic effect on EFS responses and only an additive effect on the tension response to exogenous ACh or methacholine. Atropine and TTX entirely eliminated the EFS-induced tension response in the presence of all three inflammatory mediators, indicating that augmentation of the EFS response applies only to the endogenous cholinergic response. Neutrophils isolated from control and COPD-affected horses were activated by zymosan, producing 18.1 +/- 2.3 and 25.0 +/- 2.3 nmol superoxide. 10(6) cells-1. 30 min-1, respectively. However, in contrast to the profound effect of mediators, incubation of SA for over 1 h in a suspension of up to 30 x 10(6) zymosan-treated neutrophils/ml did not significantly affect EFS responses of SA isolated from either control or COPD-affected horses. We conclude that in equine SA 1) the endogenous cholinergic responses are subject to strong facilitation by inflammatory mediators; 2) activated neutrophils do not affect cholinergic responses in SA; and 3) in acute bouts of equine COPD, histamine, LTD4, and serotonin (mediators primarily associated with type I allergic reaction) rather than mediators derived from neutrophils most likely contribute to increased cholinergic airway tone. (+info)Effect of bolus epinephrine on systemic hemodynamics in canine anaphylactic shock. (5/1066)
OBJECTIVE: Epinephrine (Epi) is considered to be the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock (AS). However, the benefit of this drug on improving systemic hemodynamics in AS has never been shown. We used a canine ragweed model of AS to determine if an intravenous bolus of Epi hastened the recovery of hemodynamics and modified mediator release (Med) compared with no treatment (NT). METHODS: In one protocol (n = 8), the effects on hemodynamics of two intravenous doses of Epi (0.01 and 0.025 mg/kg) were examined for 3 h postshock in respective studies approximately three weeks apart under pentobarbital anesthesia in the same animal. In five other dogs, left ventricular (LV) mechanics were additionally determined by sonomicrometric techniques to determine changes in contractility as defined by the preload recruitable stroke-work (SW) relationship. RESULTS: Compared with NT values, Epi treatments produced only transient increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) post-challenge. By 20 min postshock, CO in the Epi studies were generally lower (p < 0.05) and BP was not different from NT values. With Epi treatment, SW was reduced for a given LV end-diastolic volume compared with the control study. Epi treatments also caused relatively higher plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations postshock. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that, when given immediately postshock, bolus-Epi did not hasten recovery and caused impairment in LV mechanics in canine AS. (+info)Strain-dependent induction of allergic sensitization caused by peanut allergen DNA immunization in mice. (6/1066)
To investigate the potential application of allergen gene immunization in the modulation of food allergy, C3H/HeSn (C3H) mice received i.m. injections of pAra h2 plasmid DNA encoding one of the major peanut allergens, Ara h2. Three weeks following pDNA immunization, serum Ara h2-specific IgG2a, IgG1, but not IgE, were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. IgG1 was 30-fold higher in multiply compared with singly immunized mice. Ara h2 or peanut protein injection of immunized mice induced anaphylactic reactions, which were more severe in multiply immunized mice. Heat-inactivated immune serum induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, suggesting that anaphylaxis in C3H mice was mediated by IgG1. IgG1 responses were also induced by intradermal injection of pAra h2, and by i.m. injection of pOMC, the plasmid DNA encoding the major egg allergen protein, ovomucoid. To elucidate whether the pDNA immunization-induced anaphylaxis was a strain-dependent phenomenon, AKR/J and BALB/c mice also received multiple i.m. pAra h2 immunizations. Injection of peanut protein into these strains at weeks 3 or 5 following immunization did not induce reactions. Although IgG2a was increased significantly from week 2 in AKR/J mice and from week 4 in BALB/c mice and remained elevated for at least 6 wk, no IgG1 or IgE was detected. These results indicate that the type of immune responses to pDNA immunization in mice is strain dependent. Consequently, models for studying human allergen gene immunization require careful selection of suitable strains. In addition, this suggests that similar interindividual variation is likely in humans. (+info)The modified anaphylaxis hypothesis for cot death. Anaphylactic sensitization in guinea-pigs fed cow's milk. (7/1066)
Guinea-pigs on a normal diet, but given cow's milk to drink instead of water, very soon became anaphylactically sensitive to cow's milk and may be fatally shocked following either i.v. injection or intratracheal inhalation of cow's milk. (+info)Evidence of anaphylaxy after alteplase infusion. (8/1066)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although alteplase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is structurally identical to endogenous tPA and therefore should not induce allergy, single cases of acute hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Until now, specific antibodies against alteplase were not detected in blood samples obtained in these patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report an anaphylactic reaction in a 70-year-old white female who was treated with intravenous alteplase for thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke 160 minutes after onset of a right-sided hemiparesis. Thirty minutes after infusion of alteplase had been started, the patient suffered acute severe sinus tachycardia and hypotension, followed by cyanosis and loss of consciousness. The alteplase infusion was stopped, and following antiallergic therapy, tachycardia and hypotension resolved within 1 hour. The hemiparesis remained unaltered, but additional harm resulting from the hemodynamic complication was not observed. Serum samples analyzed with a radioimmunoprecipitation assay were negative for total antibodies to alteplase, but in a subsequent ELISA, both samples were positive for IgE antibodies to alteplase. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of specific IgE antibodies reactive with alteplase in this patient could provide the first evidence of an anaphylactic-type reaction to alteplase in man. Because previous exposure to alteplase can be excluded, the results suggest that this patient had preexisting antibodies that were cross-reactive with one or more epitopes of alteplase and therefore precipitated the anaphylactic-type reaction. (+info)Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
1. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat
2. Difficulty breathing or swallowing
3. Abdominal cramps
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Rapid heartbeat
6. Feeling of impending doom or loss of consciousness
Anaphylaxis is diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Treatment for anaphylaxis typically involves administering epinephrine (adrenaline) via an auto-injector, such as an EpiPen or Auvi-Q. Additional treatments may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy.
Prevention of anaphylaxis involves avoiding known allergens and being prepared to treat a reaction if it occurs. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, it is important to carry an EpiPen or other emergency medication with you at all times. Wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace can also help to notify others of your allergy and the need for emergency treatment.
In severe cases, anaphylaxis can lead to unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.
There are several types of food hypersensitivity, including:
1. Food Allergy: An immune system reaction to a specific food that can cause symptoms ranging from mild hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common food allergies include reactions to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk, eggs, wheat, and soy.
2. Non-Allergic Food Hypersensitivity: Also known as non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity, this type of reaction does not involve the immune system. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headaches. Common culprits include gluten, dairy, and high-FODMAP foods.
3. Food Intolerance: A condition where the body cannot properly digest or process a specific food. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas. Common food intolerances include lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, and celiac disease.
4. Food Aversion: An emotional response to a specific food that can cause avoidance or dislike of the food. This is not an allergic or physiological reaction but rather a psychological one.
The diagnosis of food hypersensitivity typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as skin prick testing or blood tests. Treatment options for food hypersensitivity depend on the type and severity of the reaction and may include avoidance of the offending food, medication, or immunotherapy.
There are several different types of drug hypersensitivity reactions, including:
1. Maculopapular exanthema (MPE): This is a type of allergic reaction that causes a red, itchy rash to appear on the skin. It can be caused by a variety of medications, including antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
2. Exfoliative dermatitis: This is a more severe form of MPE that can cause widespread scaling and peeling of the skin. It is often associated with reactions to antibiotics and other medications.
3. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS): This is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by certain medications, including antibiotics and NSAIDs. SJS can cause blisters to form on the skin and mucous membranes, as well as fever and fatigue.
4. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN): This is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by certain medications, including antibiotics and NSAIDs. TEN can cause widespread peeling of the skin, as well as fever and fatigue.
5. Anaphylaxis: This is a severe allergic reaction that can be caused by a variety of medications, including antibiotics and NSAIDs. It can cause symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. Treatment typically involves discontinuing the medication that is causing the reaction, as well as providing supportive care to manage symptoms such as fever, itching, and pain. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the reaction.
Prevention of drug hypersensitivity reactions can be challenging, but there are several strategies that can help reduce the risk. These include:
1. Gradual dose escalation: When starting a new medication, it is important to gradually increase the dose over time to allow the body to adjust.
2. Monitoring for signs of a reaction: Patients should be monitored closely for signs of a reaction, such as hives, itching, or difficulty breathing.
3. Avoiding certain medications: In some cases, it may be necessary to avoid certain medications that are known to cause hypersensitivity reactions.
4. Skin testing: Skin testing can be used to determine whether a patient is allergic to a particular medication before starting treatment.
5. Desensitization: In some cases, desensitization therapy may be used to gradually expose the patient to the medication that is causing the reaction, with the goal of reducing the risk of an adverse event.
Insects such as mosquitoes, wasps, bees, and hornets are common culprits of bites and stings that cause minor to severe reactions in humans. These reactions may cause pain, redness, swelling, itching, and burning sensations at the site of the bite or sting.
Most insect bites and stings can be treated with over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines, hydrocortisone creams, or calamine lotion. Severe allergic reactions may require medical attention and epinephrine injections to prevent anaphylaxis.
Types of Wheat Hypersensitivity:
1. Celiac Disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the small intestine when gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is consumed. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss.
2. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): This condition is similar to celiac disease but does not involve an autoimmune response or intestinal damage. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue.
3. Wheat Allergy: An immune system reaction to one or more proteins found in wheat, which can cause symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, anaphylaxis can occur, which is a life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of Wheat Hypersensitivity:
1. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are common gastrointestinal symptoms of wheat hypersensitivity.
2. Skin symptoms: Hives, itching, and skin rashes can occur as a result of an allergic reaction to wheat.
3. Respiratory symptoms: Wheat allergy can cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, runny nose, and difficulty breathing.
4. Cardiovascular symptoms: Some individuals with wheat hypersensitivity may experience cardiovascular symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and collapse.
5. Neurological symptoms: In rare cases, wheat allergy can cause neurological symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.
Diagnosis of Wheat Hypersensitivity:
1. Medical history: A thorough medical history is essential to diagnose wheat hypersensitivity. Symptoms, dietary habits, and any known allergies or medical conditions should be taken into account.
2. Physical examination: A physical examination can reveal signs of an allergic reaction such as hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
3. Allergy testing: Skin prick testing or blood tests can confirm the presence of IgE antibodies against wheat proteins, which is a hallmark of wheat allergy.
4. Elimination diet: An elimination diet involves removing wheat from the diet for a period of time and then reintroducing it to assess for any adverse reactions.
5. Food challenge: A food challenge involves giving the individual a small amount of wheat in a controlled medical setting to assess for any adverse reactions.
Treatment and Management of Wheat Hypersensitivity:
1. Avoidance: The most effective treatment for wheat hypersensitivity is avoidance of wheat-containing foods.
2. Antihistamines: Antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms such as hives, itching, and difficulty breathing.
3. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and swelling associated with an allergic reaction.
4. Epinephrine injection: In severe cases of anaphylaxis, epinephrine injection may be necessary to stabilize the individual.
5. Allergen immunotherapy: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) or oral immunotherapy (OIT) can help desensitize the individual to wheat proteins over time, reducing symptoms and the risk of anaphylaxis.
6. Nutritional counseling: Individuals with wheat hypersensitivity may require nutritional counseling to ensure they are getting enough essential nutrients while avoiding wheat-containing foods.
7. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of symptoms and the effectiveness of treatment is crucial to managing wheat hypersensitivity.
It's important to note that individuals with wheat hypersensitivity should carry an EpiPen or other epinephrine injectors with them at all times in case of an emergency. Additionally, they should be aware of the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and seek medical attention immediately if they experience any of these symptoms.
Peanut hypersensitivity occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies peanut proteins as harmful and attacks them, releasing histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms. The symptoms of peanut hypersensitivity can range from mild to severe and include hives, itching, swelling, stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.
The diagnosis of peanut hypersensitivity is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as skin prick testing or blood tests. The treatment for peanut hypersensitivity involves avoiding peanuts altogether and being prepared to treat an allergic reaction with epinephrine (adrenaline) if it occurs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the allergic reaction.
It is important for individuals with peanut hypersensitivity to carry an EpiPen or other emergency medication with them at all times in case of an accidental exposure to peanuts. It is also important to avoid cross-contamination with peanuts in food and other environments, as even trace amounts of peanuts can cause a severe allergic reaction. With proper treatment and precautions, individuals with peanut hypersensitivity can lead normal and healthy lives.
The symptoms of urticaria can vary in severity and may include:
* Appearance of hives or wheals on the skin, often in a patterned or widespread distribution
* Itching or burning sensations on the skin
* Redness, swelling, or warmth of the affected area
* In some cases, angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of skin)
Urticaria can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Allergies to foods, drugs, or insect bites
* Exposure to environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander
* Infections, such as colds or flu
* Physical stimuli, such as pressure, cold, or heat
* Certain medications, such as antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menstruation
Urticaria can be diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history, and may require further testing to determine the underlying cause. Treatment for urticaria typically involves avoiding triggers, using antihistamines or corticosteroids to reduce symptoms, and addressing any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the condition. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.
Synonyms: Bronchial Constriction, Airway Spasm, Reversible Airway Obstruction.
Antonyms: Bronchodilation, Relaxation of Bronchial Muscles.
Example Sentences:
1. The patient experienced bronchial spasms during the asthma attack and was treated with an inhaler.
2. The bronchial spasm caused by the allergic reaction was relieved by administering epinephrine.
3. The doctor prescribed corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent future bronchial spasms.
There are several types of hypersensitivity reactions, including:
1. Type I hypersensitivity: This is also known as immediate hypersensitivity and occurs within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from immune cells, leading to symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. Examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions include allergies to pollen, dust mites, or certain foods.
2. Type II hypersensitivity: This is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity and occurs within days to weeks after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the immune system producing antibodies against specific proteins on the surface of cells, leading to their destruction. Examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions include blood transfusion reactions and serum sickness.
3. Type III hypersensitivity: This is also known as immune complex hypersensitivity and occurs when antigens bind to immune complexes, leading to the formation of deposits in tissues. Examples of Type III hypersensitivity reactions include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
4. Type IV hypersensitivity: This is also known as delayed-type hypersensitivity and occurs within weeks to months after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the activation of T cells, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions include contact dermatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
The diagnosis of hypersensitivity often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and elimination diets or challenges. Treatment depends on the specific type of hypersensitivity reaction and may include avoidance of the allergen, medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory therapy.
People who are allergic to latex may experience the following symptoms:
* Hives or itchy skin
* Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
* Difficulty breathing or swallowing
* Abdominal cramps
* Diarrhea
* Anaphylaxis (a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction)
Latex hypersensitivity can be triggered by exposure to latex gloves, medical equipment, or other products containing latex. The allergy is more common in healthcare workers and individuals who have undergone multiple surgical procedures.
There is no cure for latex hypersensitivity, but avoiding exposure to latex can help manage the symptoms. Some individuals may also be prescribed medication to reduce inflammation and prevent future reactions. In severe cases, immunotherapy or desensitization treatment may be recommended to increase tolerance to latex.
It is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of this allergy and take necessary precautions when treating patients with latex hypersensitivity. This includes using non-latex gloves and medical equipment, thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and being prepared to treat anaphylaxis if it occurs.
Early diagnosis and proper management of latex hypersensitivity can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this allergy.
Some of the key features of immediate hypersensitivity include:
1. Rapid onset of symptoms: Symptoms typically occur within minutes to hours of exposure to the allergen.
2. IgE antibodies: Immediate hypersensitivity is caused by the binding of IgE antibodies to surface receptors on mast cells and basophils.
3. Mast cell and basophil activation: The activation of mast cells and basophils leads to the release of histamine and other chemical mediators that cause symptoms.
4. Anaphylaxis: Immediate hypersensitivity can progress to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
5. Specificity: Immediate hypersensitivity is specific to a particular allergen and does not occur with other allergens.
6. Cross-reactivity: There may be cross-reactivity between different allergens, leading to similar symptoms.
7. Prevention: Avoidance of the allergen is the primary prevention strategy for immediate hypersensitivity. Medications such as antihistamines and epinephrine can also be used to treat symptoms.
Acute angioedema is usually triggered by an allergic reaction or exposure to certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), blood pressure medications, or antibiotics. It can also be caused by infections, insect bites, and other environmental triggers.
Chronic angioedema, on the other hand, is a more persistent form of the condition that can last for weeks, months, or even years. It is often associated with conditions such as hereditary angioedema (HAE), which is caused by a genetic defect that affects the production of a protein called C1 esterase inhibitor.
The symptoms of angioedema can vary depending on the location and severity of the swelling, but they typically include:
* Swelling in the face, hands, feet, or other parts of the body
* Redness and warmth of the affected area
* Pain or discomfort
* Difficulty breathing or swallowing (in severe cases)
There is no cure for angioedema, but there are several treatments available to help manage the symptoms. These may include:
* Antihistamines or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and relieve itching
* Ice packs or cool compresses to reduce swelling
* Compression stockings or bandages to prevent fluid buildup
* Pain relief medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to manage discomfort
In severe cases of angioedema, hospitalization may be necessary to provide more intensive treatment and monitoring. In some cases, injectable medications such as epinephrine or corticosteroids may be administered to help reduce swelling and prevent complications.
Overall, angioedema is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to manage symptoms and prevent complications. If you suspect you or someone else may have angioedema, it is important to seek medical help right away.
1. Causes: The immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in nuts as harmful, triggering the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms.
2. Symptoms: Mild symptoms may include hives, itching, swelling, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing. Severe reactions can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
3. Common nut allergens: The most common allergenic proteins in nuts are from tree nuts (such as walnuts, almonds, and pecans) and peanuts.
4. Prevalence: Nut hypersensitivity is relatively rare but can be severe. According to Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), around 1% of adults and 1.5% of children in the United States have a tree nut allergy, while peanut allergies affect about 1% of the population.
5. Diagnosis: A healthcare professional will typically conduct a physical examination, take a medical history, and perform diagnostic tests like skin prick testing or blood tests to confirm the presence of an immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody response to nuts.
6. Treatment and management: The primary treatment for nut hypersensitivity is avoidance of nuts and products containing nuts. In severe cases, epinephrine injections may be necessary to treat anaphylaxis. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and other medications may also be prescribed to manage symptoms.
7. Prognosis: While there is currently no cure for nut hypersensitivity, some individuals may outgrow their allergy over time. However, it's essential to maintain a strict avoidance diet to prevent accidental exposures and potentially life-threatening reactions.
8. Coexistence with other allergies: Nut allergies can coexist with other food allergies, such as peanut or soy allergies, or with non-food allergies like asthma or eczema. This increases the complexity of managing the condition and requires a comprehensive treatment plan.
9. Impact on quality of life: Nut hypersensitivity can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, affecting their social, emotional, and physical well-being. It can also limit their dietary choices and create anxiety about potential exposures.
10. Current research and future outlook: Ongoing research into the immunological mechanisms of nut allergies may lead to the development of novel treatments or prevention strategies. Additionally, there is hope for the development of a nut-specific immunotherapy, which could help desensitize individuals with nut allergies and potentially cure the condition.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis Campaign
Anaphylaxis (film)
Oral mite anaphylaxis
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis
Injection (medicine)
Charles Richet
Polypeptide antibiotic
Soy allergy
Epinephrine autoinjector
Latex allergy
William Frankland (allergist)
Allergic reactions to anesthesia
2020 in the United Kingdom
Mast cell
List of allergens
List of leaf vegetables
Allergy
Echinacea
Celery
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Epinephrine (medication)
Iodinated contrast
Kiwifruit
Tolperisone
Peanut allergy
Peanut
Ross Baillie
Poppy seed
Anaphylaxis | Anaphylactic Shock | MedlinePlus
Food Allergy | Anaphylaxis | Food Allergies | MedlinePlus
Serious Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis) (for Teens) - Children's Health Network
Importance of epinephrine in pre-hospital anaphylaxis
Viral Post Shows What Anaphylaxis Really Looks Like
Asthma/ Anaphylaxis Action Plan
Anaphylaxis Action Sheet | Allergy UK | National Charity
Treatment of Insect Sting Anaphylaxis Woefully Inadequate
Anaphylaxis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Management of Anaphylaxis at COVID-19 Vaccination Sites | CDC
Cow's milk anaphylaxis in children first report of Iranian Food Allergy Registry
Kidshealth: Serious Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis) | Akron Children's Hospital
Anaphylaxis | IUSD.org
Abnormal Immune Cells May Cause Unprovoked Anaphylaxis | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Anaphylaxis & Epinephrine | Wilderness Medicine Outfitters
Food recall statistics 2018 released - 18 March 2019 - Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia
Video: 5 ways to treat anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis - PubMed
Observation time following anaphylaxis | Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
Anaphylaxis - NCBI Bookshelf
Pages that link to "Anaphylaxis case study one" - wikidoc
LOINC 74152-0 Anaphylaxis action plan
anaphylaxis
How to position a person having anaphylaxis - Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)
Strengthening State Policy to Keep Schoolchildren Safe from Anaphylaxis - NASBE - National Association of State Boards of...
Institute of Medicine Adverse Reactions Report Admits MMR Vaccine Causes Measles, Seizures, Anaphylaxis And Other Health...
Anaphylaxis
- Ottawa Public Health
Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis: A Food-Dependent Variant in: International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training Volume 19...
Epinephrine6
- Healthcare personnel who are trained and qualified to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, as well as administer intramuscular epinephrine, should be available at the vaccination location at all times. (cdc.gov)
- Vaccination locations that anticipate vaccinating large numbers of people (e.g., mass vaccination clinics) should plan adequate staffing and supplies (including epinephrine) for the assessment and potential management of anaphylaxis. (cdc.gov)
- People with a history of anaphylaxis who carry an epinephrine autoinjector could be reminded to bring it to their vaccination appointment. (cdc.gov)
- Those who have a high risk of anaphylaxis often carry an autoinjector containing epinephrine (adrenaline). (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
- While such a strategy would likely not replace life-saving, emergency epinephrine when anaphylaxis occurs, therapies targeting Tfh13 cells might prevent the onset of anaphylaxis when an allergic person is exposed to an allergen. (nih.gov)
- Severe episodes of anaphylaxis are treated with epinephrine (adrenaline), followed by oral antihistamines and steroids. (nih.gov)
Idiopathic15
- from recurrent episodes of idiopathic anaphylaxis - a potentially life-threatening condition of unknown cause characterized by a drop in blood pressure, fainting episodes, difficulty in breathing, and wheezing. (nih.gov)
- While some people suffer anaphylaxis as part of a serious allergic reaction, in two out of three people, anaphylaxis has no known cause and thus the anaphylactic reaction is called idiopathic. (nih.gov)
- Several years ago, Dean Metcalfe, M.D., chief of the Laboratory of Allergic Diseases at NIAID, Cem Akin, M.D., Ph.D., and their NIAID colleagues decided to find out whether idiopathic anaphylaxis might have a genetic trigger related to that seen in mastocytosis. (nih.gov)
- So the NIAID team asked, if the Kit mutation could make mast cells grow and cause mastocytosis, and this was associated with anaphylactic reactions, could the same mutation predispose mast cells to release chemicals responsible for idiopathic anaphylaxis? (nih.gov)
- In a two-year study conducted at the NIH Clinical Center, the researchers examined 48 patients diagnosed with mastocytosis with or without associated anaphylaxis, 12 patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis, and 12 patients with neither disease. (nih.gov)
- Within the group of 12 patients who had idiopathic anaphylaxis, five were found with evidence of a disorder in a line of mast cells (clonal mast cell disorder). (nih.gov)
- The findings demonstrate that some patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis have an aberrant population of mast cells with mutated Kit. (nih.gov)
- We believe the mutation may be predisposing people to idiopathic anaphylaxis," says Dr. Metcalfe. (nih.gov)
- Our findings suggest that in patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis as well as in people with severe allergies, we should look for critical genetic mutations that may change the way a mast cell reacts. (nih.gov)
- The study that appears in an early online edition in Blood describes the presence of an abnormal mast cell population in a subset of patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
- Cases in which no trigger can be identified are referred to as idiopathic anaphylaxis . (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
- This study will explore the possible cause of unexplained, or idiopathic, anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
- These cases are called idiopathic anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
- There is no cure or long-term preventive therapy for patients with recurrent episodes of idiopathic anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
- People between 13 and 70 years of age who have idiopathic anaphylaxis, or have anaphylaxis that is caused by specific allergens such as food, venom, or drugs and medications may be eligible for this study. (nih.gov)
Allergens2
- Allergies and anaphylaxis are linked to the production of high levels of high-affinity IgE antibodies, which bind strongly to allergens to spur allergic reactions. (nih.gov)
- They then took mice with normal immune systems and sensitized them with respiratory and food allergens to induce severe allergic reactions leading to anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
Allergy8
- Scientists supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), say the association of this mutation with unprovoked anaphylaxis is striking. (nih.gov)
- Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia believe that this increase may be in part due to the community becoming more aware of the importance of reporting allergic reactions to packaged foods where their allergen is not listed as an ingredient. (allergyfacts.org.au)
- Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia (A&AA) is a charitable, not-for-profit organisation. (allergyfacts.org.au)
- ALLERGY & ANAPHYLAXIS AUSTRALIA is supported by funding from the Australian Government, Department of Health. (allergyfacts.org.au)
- ALLERGY & ANAPHYLAXIS AUSTRALIA acknowledges and pays respect to the traditional custodians of the lands on which we work, live and play. (allergyfacts.org.au)
- A patient treated for anaphylaxis remains under clinical observation for at least four hours after their last dose of adrenaline, or overnight as appropriate according to the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Acute Management of Anaphylaxis guidelines. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
- We will examine this hypothesis using murine models of food allergy and anaphylaxis that we have developed. (northwestern.edu)
- Anaphylaxis is a rapid, life-threatening, severe reaction that occurs suddenly after contact with an allergy-causing substance, usually a particular food, drug or stinging insect. (nih.gov)
Asthma5
- Risk factors of anaphylaxis include allergies , asthma , past anaphylactic episodes, or a family history of anaphylaxis (exercise-induced anaphylaxis is common in these cases). (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
- Prior to commencement at school, Asthma and Anaphylaxis medication and plans should be provided by the parents. (sacredheartmosman.com)
- The student's medication is kept in the office with their Anaphylaxis/Asthma Management health and emergency plan. (sacredheartmosman.com)
- When going on 'out of school' activities, the student's Asthma/ Anaphylaxis/Asthma Management Plan and Ventolin/Epipen is carried in the medication bag by the teacher. (sacredheartmosman.com)
- The casual teacher is informed of the student's Anaphylaxis/Asthma health and emergency plan, as it is included in the casual teachers information book for that class. (sacredheartmosman.com)
Reaction17
- Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction . (medlineplus.gov)
- In rare cases it can cause a severe reaction called anaphylaxis . (nih.gov)
- Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, multiorgan system reaction caused by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
- Anaphylaxis, an acute and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, has been reported rarely following COVID-19 vaccination. (cdc.gov)
- Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. (kidshealth.org)
- Anaphylaxis is a severe, immediate allergic reaction that can be life-threatening, but the symptoms aren't always as obvious and dramatic as what we see in the movies. (parents.com)
- As one mom's now viral Facebook post shows, the onset of anaphylaxis can look like nothing more than a mild reaction. (parents.com)
- Anaphylaxis is a potentially severe or life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur very quickly-as fast as within a couple of minutes of exposure to the allergen. (iusd.org)
- Patients who have experienced anaphylaxis are observed in a setting with facilities to manage deterioration or a biphasic reaction. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
- Consider the severity of the reaction, concomitant conditions and history of anaphylaxis when deciding if more time is needed. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
- Anaphylaxis is the most serious type of allergic reaction. (ottawapublichealth.ca)
- Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction in which the immune system is flooded with chemicals. (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
- Anaphylaxis is defined as a serious allergic or hypersensitivity reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. (medictests.com)
- Anaphylaxis ('ann-uh-fuh-LAK-suss') is a severe allergic reaction that affects the entire body (systemic). (signaturemedicalgroup.com)
- The most severe allergic reaction is called anaphylaxis . (webmd.com)
- Bee stings and peanut allergies are well-known anaphylaxis triggers, but any allergen-be it a food, drug, chemical or type of pollen-can set off this potentially deadly reaction. (nih.gov)
- Allergies can be life-threatening when they cause anaphylaxis, an extreme reaction with constriction of the airways and a sudden drop in blood pressure. (nih.gov)
Potentially1
- Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening emergency. (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
Symptoms4
- Patients with refractory or very severe anaphylaxis (with cardiovascular and/or severe respiratory symptoms) should be admitted or treated and observed for a longer period in the emergency department or an observation area. (medscape.com)
- What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Anaphylaxis? (kidshealth.org)
- Anaphylaxis can cause different symptoms at different times. (kidshealth.org)
- A person with symptoms of anaphylaxis needs treatment right away. (kidshealth.org)
Incidence3
- The incidence of common or major immune system disorders in the United States, including anaphylaxis, varies by reporting agency but is estimated to be between 50-200 episodes per 100,000 people per year, with upwards of 1,500 deaths per year. (medictests.com)
- Hence, as part of a post- marketing commitment, we compared the incidence of new-onset immune-mediated diseases , herpes zoster (HZ), and anaphylaxis among recipients of HepB-CpG versus HepB- alum . (bvsalud.org)
- Incidence rates were compared using Poisson regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting when there was ≥80â ¯% power to detect a relative risk (RR) of 5 for anaphylaxis and RR of 3 for other outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Immunology1
- Juan Rivera, Ph.D., along with a team of researchers at the NIAMS Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch and colleagues at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, reported in the journal Immunity that mice with high levels of a molecule called sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in their blood were very susceptible to anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis4
- Anaphylaxis is primarily a clinical diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- The initial diagnosis of anaphylaxis is made by a physician. (ottawapublichealth.ca)
- Recipients of HepB-CpG or HepB- alum were followed through electronic health records for 13 months for occurrence of pre-specified new-onset immune-mediated diseases , HZ, and anaphylaxis identified using diagnosis codes . (bvsalud.org)
- Subjects with IA must have a diagnosis of anaphylaxis occurring in the absence of an identifiable provoking agent or stimulus by a referral provider. (nih.gov)
Allergic disease1
- The study authors conclude that Tfh13 cells are responsible for directing antibody-producing B cells to create high-affinity IgE and that Tfh13 cells may be required for allergic disease, including anaphylaxis. (nih.gov)
Mast cells3
- Anaphylaxis occurs when mast cells release large quantities of chemicals (histamines, prostaglandins and leukotrienes) that cause blood vessels to leak, bronchial tissues to swell and blood pressure to drop. (nih.gov)
- In anaphylaxis, mast cells (and basophils) and IgE are THE problem. (medictests.com)
- besides anaphylaxis, mast cells probably play a role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. (medictests.com)
Adrenaline4
- When you have been treated for anaphylaxis, you will be kept under clinical observation for at least four hours after the last injection of adrenaline. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
- Occasionally, some people have another episode of anaphylaxis without coming in contact with their allergic trigger and require further treatment with adrenaline. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
- Observe patients for at least four hours after the last injection of adrenaline following anaphylaxis. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
- When the initial injection of adrenaline for anaphylaxis is administered in general practice or another primary care location, where observation for four hours is not possible, arrange ambulance transfer to an appropriate facility for clinical observation. (safetyandquality.gov.au)
Trigger1
- Even a very limited exposure to a very small amount of allergen can trigger anaphylaxis. (medictests.com)
Onset1
- Post-licensure safety study of new-onset immune-mediated diseases, herpes zoster, and anaphylaxis in adult recipients of HepB-CpG vaccine versus HepB-alum vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
Antihistamines2
- Antihistamines may be given as adjunctive treatment but should not be used as initial or sole treatment for anaphylaxis. (cdc.gov)
- Medications believed to be effective in treating anaphylaxis include antihistamines and cortisone (which reduce inflammation) as well as beta agonists (for those with difficulty breathing). (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
Assessment2
Severity1
- When we compared their responses with those of normal mice, we found that anaphylaxis severity correlated with circulating S1P levels. (nih.gov)
Emergency3
- Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate recognition and intervention. (medscape.com)
- 1st a repeatable practice test then more comprehensive training to help you feel more comfortable handling an Anaphylaxis Emergency. (wildernessmedicine.com)
- This comprehensive training will help you feel more comfortable handleing an Anaphylaxis Emergency. (wildernessmedicine.com)
Findings2
- [ 3 ] It is also important to note that some of the most severe cases of anaphylaxis present in the absence of skin findings. (medscape.com)
- Dr. Rivera says, "Our findings about S1P and anaphylaxis were unexpected. (nih.gov)
Observation1
- Maren remained under close observation for several more hours, and fortunately, she didn't experience a second round of anaphylaxis. (parents.com)
Humans1
- If levels of the molecule in humans can predict who is at risk for anaphylaxis, S1P might someday have a role as a diagnostic tool. (nih.gov)
Absence1
- If your child has severe allergies or a history of anaphylaxis, it is important to notify childcare personnel-including daycare providers, sitters and teachers-so that they too can be prepared for a potential episode in your absence. (allergy-testing-and-treatment.com)
Food1
- Food-induced anaphylaxis caused by ingestion of royal jelly. (nih.gov)
Right away2
- Someone with anaphylaxis needs help right away. (kidshealth.org)
- Anaphylaxis is life-threatening, so call 911 right away. (webmd.com)
Health1
- Your school's public health nurse can provide resources on anaphylaxis. (ottawapublichealth.ca)
Person1
- No one knows exactly why one person who is allergic sneezes and gets itchy eyes while another person has severe anaphylaxis, but recent work at the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) sheds some light on how their immune systems might differ. (nih.gov)
