Analog digital conversion. Medical search

The asymmetrical segregation of genes during replication which leads to the production of non-reciprocal recombinant strands and the apparent conversion of one allele into another. Thus, e.g., the meiotic products of an Aa individual may be AAAa or aaaA instead of AAaa, i.e., the A allele has been converted into the a allele or vice versa.

A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)

A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.

Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.

Libraries in which a major proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format, rather than on paper or MICROFORM.

A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A film base coated with an emulsion designed for use with x-rays.

Screens which absorb the energy in the x-ray beam that has penetrated the patient and convert this energy into a light pattern which has as nearly as possible the same information as the original x-ray beam. The more light a screen produces for a given input of x-radiation, the less x-ray exposure and thus shorter exposure time are needed to expose the film. In most film-screen systems, the film is sandwiched between two screens in a cassette so that the emulsion on each side is exposed to the light from its contiguous screen.

Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of radiology services and facilities.

Transmission and interpretation of tissue specimens via remote telecommunication, generally for the purpose of diagnosis or consultation but may also be used for continuing education.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The process of converting analog data such as continually measured voltage to discrete, digital form.

Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.

A physical examination in which the qualified health care worker inserts a lubricated, gloved finger of one hand into the RECTUM and may use the other hand to press on the lower ABDOMEN or pelvic area to palpate for abnormalities in the lower rectum, and nearby organs or tissues. The method is commonly used to check the lower rectum, the PROSTATE gland in men, and the UTERUS and OVARIES in women.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A type of MICROCOMPUTER, sometimes called a personal digital assistant, that is very small and portable and fitting in a hand. They are convenient to use in clinical and other field situations for quick data management. They usually require docking with MICROCOMPUTERS for updates.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The recording of images in three-dimensional form on a photographic film by exposing it to a laser beam reflected from the object under study.

The electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Users in different locations may simultaneously view images with greater access to secondary consultations and improved continuing education. (From American College of Radiology, ACR Standard for Teleradiology, 1994, p3)

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Highly contagious infectious dermatitis with lesions near the interdigital spaces usually in cattle. It causes discomfort and often severe lameness (LAMENESS, ANIMAL). Lesions can be either erosive or proliferative and wart-like with papillary growths and hypertrophied hairs. DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS and TREPONEMA are the most commonly associated causative agents for this mixed bacterial infection disease.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Highly keratinized processes that are sharp and curved, or flat with pointed margins. They are found especially at the end of the limbs in certain animals.

Radiographic examination of the breast.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Computers in which quantities are represented by physical variables; problem parameters are translated into equivalent mechanical or electrical circuits as an analog for the physical phenomenon being investigated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Symmetrical osteitis of the four limbs, chiefly localized to the phalanges and the terminal epiphyses of the long bones of the forearm and leg, sometimes extending to the proximal ends of the limbs and the flat bones, and accompanied by dorsal kyphosis and joint involvement. It is often secondary to chronic conditions of the lungs and heart. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Combination or superimposition of two images for demonstrating differences between them (e.g., radiograph with contrast vs. one without, radionuclide images using different radionuclides, radiograph vs. radionuclide image) and in the preparation of audiovisual materials (e.g., offsetting identical images, coloring of vessels in angiograms).

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Systems composed of a computer or computers, peripheral equipment, such as disks, printers, and terminals, and telecommunications capabilities.

Small computers using LSI (large-scale integration) microprocessor chips as the CPU (central processing unit) and semiconductor memories for compact, inexpensive storage of program instructions and data. They are smaller and less expensive than minicomputers and are usually built into a dedicated system where they are optimized for a particular application. "Microprocessor" may refer to just the CPU or the entire microcomputer.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)

The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).

Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Devices capable of receiving data, retaining data for an indefinite or finite period of time, and supplying data upon demand.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

Analogs of RNA cap compounds which do not have a positive charge. These compounds inhibit the initiation of translation of both capped and uncapped messenger RNA.

The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

Use of optic and geometric techniques to enhance radiographic image quality and interpretation. It includes use of microfocal X-ray tubes and intensifying fluoroscopic screens.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.

The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes.

A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs.

Hospital department which is responsible for the administration and provision of x-ray diagnostic and therapeutic services.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Information application based on a variety of coding methods to minimize the amount of data to be stored, retrieved, or transmitted. Data compression can be applied to various forms of data, such as images and signals. It is used to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the maintenance of large volumes of data.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis that are analogs or derivatives of naturally occurring prostaglandins and that have similar activity.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.

Making measurements by the use of stereoscopic photographs.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.

Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Cell surface proteins that bind somatostatin and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Somatostatin is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Activated somatostatin receptors on pituitary cells inhibit the release of growth hormone; those on endocrine and gastrointestinal cells regulate the absorption and utilization of nutrients; and those on neurons mediate somatostatin's role as a neurotransmitter.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The position or orientation of the FETUS at near term or during OBSTETRIC LABOR, determined by its relation to the SPINE of the mother and the birth canal. The normal position is a vertical, cephalic presentation with the fetal vertex flexed on the NECK.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Various units or machines that operate in combination or in conjunction with a computer but are not physically part of it. Peripheral devices typically display computer data, store data from the computer and return the data to the computer on demand, prepare data for human use, or acquire data from a source and convert it to a form usable by a computer. (Computer Dictionary, 4th ed.)

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of radiology. The applications center mostly around x-ray or radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but the technological applications of any radiation or radiologic procedure is within the scope of radiologic technology.

Purines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PURINE NUCLEOTIDES.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.

Normal cellular isoform of prion proteins (PRIONS) encoded by a chromosomal gene and found in normal and scrapie-infected brain tissue, and other normal tissue. PrPC are protease-sensitive proteins whose function is unknown. Posttranslational modification of PrPC into PrPSC leads to infectivity.

Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by procedures that modify NUCLEIC ACIDS and contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein which is a major and necessary component. The abnormal (scrapie) isoform is PrPSc (PRPSC PROTEINS) and the cellular isoform PrPC (PRPC PROTEINS). The primary amino acid sequence of the two isoforms is identical. Human diseases caused by prions include CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME; GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER SYNDROME; and INSOMNIA, FATAL FAMILIAL.

The study, control, and application of the conduction of ELECTRICITY through gases or vacuum, or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A subspecialty of pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems, especially the use of laboratory methods in clinical diagnosis. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

Plethysmographic determination in which the intensity of light reflected from the skin surface and the red cells below is measured to determine the blood volume of the respective area. There are two types, transmission and reflectance.

Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).

Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

Data processing largely performed by automatic means.

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Pieces of glass or other transparent materials used for magnification or increased visual acuity.

Larsen scoring of digitized X-ray images. (1/62)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how Larsen scores from digitized X-rays compare to those from film originals. METHODS: A hundred sets of radiographs of patients recruited with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were assessed using the Larsen scoring system. Digitized copies of these sets were then viewed on a computer screen and scored according to Larsen in a random order. The quality of the digitized image was also recorded. For each set of X-rays, the signed difference between the score from film and the score from the digitized images was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 95% of the digitized X-ray sets were scored successfully; 5% were not scored due to the images being unreadable. The mean difference between the two sets of scores was -1.2 (95% CI [-2.06, -0.37]). There was no trend in the difference with respect to the mean of the two scores (P>0.1). CONCLUSION: The Larsen scoring of digitized X-ray images has been validated. (+info)

A new method of measuring propagation coefficients and characteristic impedance in blood vessels. (2/62)

True propagation coefficients of pulse wave harmonics in an artery can be determined in vivo by measuring pulsatile blood pressure and flow at each of two points along the length of the vessel. These coefficients, which are complex numbers that describe the attenuation and the phase shift imposed on a traveling wave, are independent of the reflected waves in the circulation and thus provide information about the viscoelastic state and other properties of an artery. The equations involved are implicit in standard transmission-line theory, but they have not previously been applied in this particular way to blood vessels. The femoral artery, exposed in situ, was studied in 11 anesthetized dogs. At 1.5 Hz, true attenuation constants averaged 0.0151 nepers/cm, and true phase constants averaged 0.0155 radians/cm. As frequency increased, the apparent phase velocity of flow, in contrast, was relatively low at the first harmonic and rose as frequency increased. True phase velocities lay between the apparent pressure and flow values. Characteristic impedance at 1.5 Hz had an average modulus of 1.76 times 10-4 dyne sec/cm5 and a phase of minus 0.31 radians. The modulus diminished as frequency increased, and the phase became less negative. These results show that true phase constants and characteristic impedances determined by this method are consistent with data reported by others and provide information not previously available about flow wave propagation. (+info)

Nonlinear contribution of eye velocity to motion perception. (3/62)

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that an extra-retinal signal combines with retinal velocity in a linear manner as described by existing models to determine perceived velocity. To do so, we utilized a method that allowed the determination of the relative contributions of the retinal-velocity and the extra-retinal signals for the perception of stimulus velocity. We determined the velocity (speed and direction) of a stimulus viewed with stationary eyes that was perceptually the same as the velocity of the stimulus viewed with moving eyes. Eye movements were governed by the tracking (or pursuit) of a separate pursuit target. The velocity-matching data were unable to be fit with a model that linearly combined a retinal-velocity signal and an extra-retinal signal. A model that was successful in explaining the data was one that takes the difference between two simple saturating non-linear functions, g and f, each symmetric about the origin, but one having an interaction term. That is, the function g has two arguments: retinal velocity, R, and eye velocity, E. The only argument to f is retinal velocity, R. Each argument has a scaling parameter. A comparison of the goodness of fits between models demonstrated that the success of the model is the interaction term, i.e. the modification of the compensating eye velocity signal by the retinal velocity prior to combination. (+info)

Characterization and use of a digital light projector for vision research. (4/62)

For creating stimuli in the laboratory, digital light projection (DLP) technology has the potential to overcome the low output luminance, lack of pixel independence, and limited chromaticity gamut of the cathode ray tube (CRT). We built a DLP-based stimulator for projecting patterns on the in vitro primate retina. The DLP produces high light levels and has good contrast. Spatial performance was similar to that of a CRT. Temporal performance was limited by the refresh rate (63 Hz). The chromatic gamut was modestly larger than that of a CRT although the primary spectra varied to a small degree with light output and numerical aperture. (+info)

An investigation of the centres of pressure under the foot while walking. (5/62)

The forces under the foot while walking have been measured using a high sensitivity force-plate of the strip-suspended type combined with simultaneous filming of the sole of the foot. The recording of data and the calculation and plotting of results were much simplified by computer aid. Normal and abnormal feet, both barefoot and shod, were investigated in sixteen subjects. It was found that in normal barefoot walking the forefoot carried a total load of the order of three times that of the heel. When footwear was worn the function of the forefoot was progressively reduced as the rigidity of the sole of the shoe increased. Painful conditions of the forefoot also produced a large reduction in the proportion of the total load transferred. (+info)

A small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ current and Cl- current in rat dental pulp cells. (6/62)

We characterized a voltage-dependent ionic current in dental pulp cells on dental pulp slices using a nystatin perforated-patch recording configuration. The outward currents in dental pulp cells were inhibited by the following channel blockers: 1) Ca(2+)-free extracellular solution containing 10 mM Ba2+, 2) extracellular 400 nM apamin and 3) extracellular 300 nM 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). On the other hand, 15 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) did not inhibit the outward currents. The inhibitory effects of Ca(2+)-free extracellular solution, apamin and DIDS had voltage-dependency. These results indicated that dental pulp cells expressed a small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ current (SK current) and a DIDS-sensitive Cl- current. The functional significance of these channels is discussed. (+info)

Computer-assisted mammographic imaging. (7/62)

Computer-assisted mammography imaging comprises computer-based analysis of digitized images resulting in prompts aiding mammographic interpretation and computerized stereotactic localization devices which improve location accuracy. The commercial prompting systems available are designed to draw attention to mammographic abnormalities detected by algorithms based on symptomatic practise in North America. High sensitivity rates are important commercially but result in increased false prompt rates, which are known to distract radiologists. A national shortage of breast radiologists in the UK necessitates evaluation of such systems in a population breast screening programme to determine effectiveness in increasing cancer detection and feasibility of implementation. (+info)

Ocular oscillations on eccentric gaze. (8/62)

Many normal individuals show ocular oscillations on eccentric gaze. This study was designed to investigate the effect of visual disengagement and visual feedback on the nature of these end point oscillations. Three test conditions were examined: target present, target absent and when the target position was determined by the subject's eye position via a variable feedback control system. Feedback gains (i.e. target velocity/eye velocity) ranged from 0, where the target position was decoupled from the subject's eye movements (i.e. the target is stationary on the screen), to +1.0 where the retinal image was stabilised (i.e. the target is driven by the subject's eye movements). Only subjects who exhibited sustained end-point oscillations with no latency were included in the study (n=6). Seven different oscillations including square-wave jerks were recorded in the abducting eye during eccentric gaze of a stationary target. The three most common oscillations were the jerk oscillations, with decelerating, linear or pendular slow phases. A number of additional previously unreported waveforms were also recorded. On removal of the target, the mean drift velocity of the slow phase was greatly reduced. The response to the introduction of a change in the visual feedback was specific to each subject, although in all cases, the end-point oscillations generally were of a lower velocity, and gaze was shifted by up to 8 deg in the direction of the slow phase within the first two seconds. The important role of slow eye movement control for maintaining gaze holding is discussed. (+info)

"Data Converter Architectures" (PDF). Analog-Digital Conversion. Analog Devices. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-30 ... a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into an analog signal. An ... Digital-to-analog conversion can degrade a signal, so a DAC should be specified that has insignificant errors in terms of the ... Similar digital-to-analog converters can be found in digital speakers such as USB speakers, and in sound cards. In voice over ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter

Matthews also pioneered a cornerstone of music technology; analog to digital conversion. At Bell Laboratories, Matthews ... Digital music technology encompasses digital instruments, computers, electronic effects units, software, or digital audio ... Development of digital musical technologies can be traced back to the analog music technologies of the early 20th century, such ... In recent years, many samplers have only included digital technology. This new generation of digital samplers are capable of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)

... analog-to-digital conversion; AV synchronization; and media reformatting to fit the specific type of TV screen optimally.[ ... move their digital transmission either back to their old analog channel, or to a third channel (sometimes the former analog of ... ATSC DVD recorders Digital broadcasting Digital switchover Digital terrestrial television High-definition television in the ... "Commerce Department Issues Final Rule To Launch Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program". NTIA. 2007-03-12. Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATSC_tuner

Moved to RF channel 19 in June 2009 but reverted to channel 18 that August; see Analog-to-digital conversion. KNBN-TV signed on ... as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal initially moved ... The station's digital signal is multiplexed: KTXA began transmitting a digital signal on UHF channel 18 on October 16, 2000. ... However, in the wake of the switch, KTVT, which had moved its digital signal to the VHF band, reported losses of as much as 57 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTXA

A/D Analog-to-digital conversion. absolute event A scheduled event whose start time is determined with an assigned time based ... ADC Analog-to-digital converter: A device to convert analog signals to digital. ADI Area of dominant influence: The Arbitron ... DAC Digital-to-analog converter: Equipment that changes digital signals into pictures or sound. Dayparting The radio station's ... DTT Digital terrestrial television: Digital broadcast of television signals over the air. DVB Digital Video Broadcasting: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_broadcasting_terms

1 page) Lippel, Bernhard (December 1955). "A Decimal Code for Analog-to-Digital Conversion". IRE Transactions on Electronic ... In Susskind, Alfred Kriss (ed.). Notes on Analog-Digital Conversion Techniques. Technology Books in Science and Engineering. ... Digital Equipment Corporation. 1983. VAX-11 Architecture Handbook. Digital Equipment Corporation. 1985. "ILE RPG Reference". ... "Cyclic Decimal Codes for Analogue to Digital Converters". Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal

ISBN 978-0-7923-8452-6. Pelgrom, Marcel J.M. (2012). Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 210-211. ISBN 978-1- ... In analog circuit designs, a bootstrap circuit is an arrangement of components deliberately intended to alter the input ... "Bootstrapped IC Substrate Lowers Distortion in JFET Op Amps" (PDF). Analog Devices application note AN-232. Douglas Self (2014 ... ISBN 0-7506-7445-8. Dally, William J.; Poulton, John W. (1998). Digital systems engineering. Cambridge University Press. pp. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(electronics)

"Analog to Digital Compression". Columbia University. "Defying Nyquist in Analog to Digital Conversion". Centre Tecnològic de ... and digital signal processing rates in analog-to-digital converters. Eldar's innovations will enable portable ultrasound ... Her postdoctoral research was completed in 2002 at the Digital Signal Processing Group at MIT. Eldar moved back to Israel in ... Yonina Eldar's pioneering work on sub-Nyquist sampling and reconstruction of sparse analog signals has demonstrated the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonina_Eldar

... the resolution of the digital system becomes infinite. "Dithering in Analog-to-Digital Conversion" (PDF). e2v Semiconductors. ... Quantization error introduced during analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) can be modeled as quantization noise. It is a rounding ... "Relationship of Data Word Size to Dynamic Range and Signal Quality in Digital Audio Processing Applications". www.analog.com. ... introduce additional rounding error analogous to the original quantization error introduced during analog-to-digital conversion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_bit_depth

Cottini, C; Gatti, E; Svelto, V (1 July 1963). "A new method for analog to digital conversion". Nuclear Instruments and Methods ... developments and to implementations throughout the world and is currently used in high differential linearity analog-to-digital ... These studies contributed to the development of modern digital pulse processors of the radiation detectors currently used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gatti

"Klaus Schulze: Digital To Analogue Conversion". Sound On Sound. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022. "Klaus Schulze: ... In the 1980s Schulze started using digital instruments besides the usual analog synthesizers, and his work accordingly became ... Although the switch to using digital equipment is audible in the style of Dig It (1980), it was not until the release of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Schulze

A 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion channel is commonplace. Practical devices are linear to roughly one part per million. ... analog and digital. Analog seismographs require analog recording equipment, possibly including an analog-to-digital converter. ... Today, the most common recorder is a computer with an analog-to-digital converter, a disk drive and an internet connection; for ... The output of a digital seismograph can be simply input to a computer. It presents the data in a standard digital format (often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometer

Repeated conversion between analog and digital can also cause loss. Generation loss was a major consideration in complex analog ... In analog systems (including systems that use digital recording but make the copy over an analog connection), generation loss ... According to ATIS, "Generation loss is limited to analog recording because digital recording and reproduction may be performed ... Copying a digital file gives an exact copy if the equipment is operating properly. This trait of digital technology has given ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_loss

With digital systems, the quality of reproduction depends on the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion steps, and ... The difference between analog and digital systems is the form of high-level signal error. Some early analog-to-digital ... needed to be adapted to suit the new digital format. Some analog recordings were remastered for digital formats. Analog ... The process of analog-to-digital conversion will, according to theory, always introduce quantization distortion. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_analog_and_digital_recording

The conversion from digital to analog and back reduces recording quality. The HDCP attempt to plug the analog hole was largely ... The rise of digital media and analog-to-digital conversion technologies has increased the concerns of copyright-owners, ... Post-conversion, the material can be then be copied and reconverted to a digital format. The analog hole cannot be filled ... Arun Sundararajan's uses the following digital rights conjecture, that "digital rights increases the incidence of digital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management

Digital mixing consoles inherently introduce conversion between analog and digital signals. Since digital signals are ... is their latency which is introduced in the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion processes. Latency is cumulative ... However, many modern stage boxes convert between analog and digital, using a single twisted pair cable instead of an analog ... Digital stage boxes are typically easier to set up and more reliable than their analog counterparts, and their cables are much ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_box

The process of analog-to-digital conversion produces a digital signal. The conversion process can be thought of as occurring in ... It can be shown that an analog signal can be reconstructed after conversion to digital (down to the precision afforded by the ... In the context of digital signal processing (DSP), a digital signal is a discrete time, quantized amplitude signal. In other ... Common practical digital signals are represented as 8-bit (256 levels), 16-bit (65,536 levels), 24-bit (16.8 million levels), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_(signal_processing)

4 pages) Powell, E. Alexander (June 1968). "Codes particularly useful for analogue to digital conversions". A short note on ... Before the days of digital computing, digital counters were used to measure rates of random events such as radioactive decays ... Counter (digital) Ring oscillator Linear-feedback shift register Johnson counter circuits with single states decoded in this ... "Digital dividers with symmetrical outputs - The author uses Johnson counters with controlled feedback to give symmetrical even ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_counter

Digital-analog conversion is completed at the end of April "without confusion". How much did the TV sell?]. AV Watch (in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_Japanese_television

He is considered "the father of high-speed analog-to-digital conversion". At an early age Gordon developed an interest in ... While there, Gordon helped create the first current switching digital-to-analog converter in 1951 as part of the first digital ... including the core technologies of analog-to-digital conversion. These developments were fundamental to the subsequent medical ... Patent 4,350,974 Logarithmic analog-to-digital converter U.S. Patent 4,152,659 Low noise differential amplifier U.S. Patent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Marshall_Gordon

The first step in any signal processing approach is analog to digital conversion. The geophysical signals in the analog domain ... For this purpose one need to use various analog or digital filters. Magnetometers are used to measure the magnetic fields, ... As the name suggests, the gravitational and electromagnetic waves in the analog domain are detected, sampled and stored for ... Halpeny, O. S.; Childers, Donald G. (1975-06-01). "Composite wavefront decomposition via multidimensional digital filtering of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_survey

Additional delays are introduced through analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. Latency can be reduced by sending ... digital signal processing and the conversions between analog and digital. Licensing the technology or purchasing the required ... and often from other digital or analog sources simultaneously), and process the audio using digital filters and effects (for ... Additionally, the use of digital multiplexing allows audio to be transmitted using less cabling than analog audio. CobraNet was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CobraNet

R-2R ladder networks used for Digital-to-Analog conversion are rather old. A historic description is in a patent filed in 1955 ... Resistor ladder Digital-to-analog converter Attenuator circuits "Multiplying DACs, flexible building blocks" (PDF). Analog ... As in digital-to-analog converters, a binary word is applied to the ladder network, whose N bits are treated as representing an ... The logarithmic behavior of the circuit is its main differentiator in comparison with digital-to-analog converters in general, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_resistor_ladder

The signals are further amplified in the electronics before analog-to-digital conversion. An AC magnetic field measurement is ... It provides magnetic field information from DC to 100 Hz to a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter. Time resolution is 2 ms and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Auroral_SnapshoT_Explorer

His focus is on signal processing and analog-to-digital conversion for professional audio. He is a leader in the development of ... digital signal processing, and log-domain analog filters" Elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2018 ... as well as one of the earliest digital audio recorders. In 1988, he joined the Converter Group of Analog Devices as a Senior ... "for contributions to analog and digital signal processing" Received the IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award, 2015 "for contributions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Adams_(electrical_engineer)

The station's digital channel is multiplexed: Due to the Mexican analog-to-digital conversion mandate, XHTIT-TV shut down its ... Tijuana was the first Mexican city where the analog to digital conversion took place. XHTIT retained its virtual channel of 21 ... XHTIT-TDT, virtual channel 21 (UHF digital channel 29), is a television station located in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. ... analog signal on May 28, 2013, and then again on July 18, 2013. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTIT-TDT

Digital interpolation schemes were not practical at that time, so analog conversion was used. This was based on a TV rate ... Digital Audio Resampling Home Page Multi-Rate Processing and Sample Rate Conversion: A Tutorial The Quest For The Perfect ... Sample Rate Conversion". Understanding Digital Signal Processing. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0137027415. In satellite and medical ... The term multi-rate digital signal processing is sometimes used to refer to systems that incorporate sample-rate conversion. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample-rate_conversion

"Reallocation of tangible benefits and extension of deadline to complete analog to digital conversion". 9 March 2016. "CRTC ... "The Canadian Transition to Digital Television". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. " ... 42 commercial-free digital music channels provided by Stingray Music 49 Canadian commercial radio stations The monthly packages ... access to television as a result of Canada's digital television transition. The offer was part of Shaw's little known Local ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaw_Direct

Analog to digital conversions were achieved through Steinberg, and in some cases Mytek, converters. The album was recorded and ... mixed exclusively with Steinberg Cubase digital audio workstations on Microsoft windows operating systems with Waves SSL and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears_of_the_Enchanted_Mainframe

The AMP standard includes conversion from analog readouts to a digital "glass cockpit" configuration. The current RC-135 fleet ... 54 Squadron (Operational Conversion Unit) No. 56 Squadron (Test and Evaluation) On 17 July 1967, a KC-135R Rivet Stand, 59-1465 ... 51 Sqn personnel began training at Offutt in January 2011 for conversion to the RC-135. The first RC-135W (ZZ664) was delivered ... The United Kingdom bought three KC-135R aircraft for conversion to RC-135W Rivet Joint standard under the Airseeker project. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_RC-135

... made transition from analogue to digital TV broadcasting system. Lattelecom Terrestrial TV enabled digital over-the-air ... whereby the change of the brand name marked the termination of said conversion process - the new brand name combined into one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_(company)

For the latter, ECC is an integral part of the initial analog-to-digital conversion in the receiver. The Viterbi decoder ... For the latter, FEC is an integral part of the initial analog-to-digital conversion in the receiver. The Viterbi decoder ... Many FEC coders can also generate a bit-error rate (BER) signal which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving ... 16 (digital print of 12th impression, 1st ed.). Amsterdam / London / New York / Tokyo: North-Holland / Elsevier BV. ISBN 978-0- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code

Speech and Audio Processing (Original MELP) Analog-to-Digital Conversion of Voice by 2,400 Bit/Second Mixed Excitation Linear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction

... such as a digital-to-analog converter box, telling the smart antenna when the signal is stronger or weaker. Analog televisions ... subsidy program for the ATSC conversion, but did not subsidize the purchase of a smart antenna to mitigate the cliff effect of ... Digital television antennas can be difficult to aim correctly because of the cliff effect and because of delays in decoding and ... remove the burden of positioning the antenna for digital TVs and can make the tuning process easier than it was with analog ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA-909

To model analog and mixed-signal systems, an IEEE-standardized HDL based on VHDL called VHDL-AMS (officially IEEE 1076.1) has ... It demonstrates the use of the 'unsigned' type, type conversions between 'unsigned' and 'std_logic_vector' and VHDL generics. ... that can model the behavior and structure of digital systems at multiple levels of abstraction, ranging from the system level ... IEEE 1076.1 VHDL Analog and Mixed-Signal (VHDL-AMS) IEEE 1076.1.1 VHDL-AMS Standard Packages (stdpkgs) IEEE 1076.2 VHDL Math ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHDL

A Practical Introduction to Analog and Digital Circuits. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-52189351-0. "Annex B: ... "Capacitor MF - MMFD Conversion Chart". www.justradios.com. Miller, Charles (2011). Illustrated Guide to the National Electrical ... Speakers use passive analog crossovers, and analog equalizers use capacitors to select different audio bands. The resonant ... as in analog sampled filters and CCDs. Capacitors can be used in analog circuits as components of integrators or more complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor

The conversion to digital broadcasting has put all signals - broadcast and cable - into digital form, rendering analog cable ... Older analog television sets are "cable ready" and can receive the old analog cable without a set-top box. To receive digital ... Analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable ... There are two standards for cable television; older analog cable, and newer digital cable which can carry data signals used by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television

A direct-conversion receiver uses two quadrature sinusoidal signals to perform the so-called quadrature down-conversion. This ... On the other hand, a digital Odd-Order I/Q-demodulator with only one input can be used, but such design has a bandwidth ... in the analog domain, the phase difference is never exactly 90°. Neither is the gain perfectly matched between the parallel ... Direct conversion receivers contain a local oscillator (LO) which generates both a sine wave at f c {\displaystyle f_{c}} and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQ_imbalance

... at the end of the digital conversion period for full-service television stations, KOCM was required to turn off its analog ... as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station "flash-cut" its digital signal into ... The station's digital signal is multiplexed: Because it was granted an original construction permit after the Federal ... signal and turn on its digital signal (called a "flash-cut"). KOCM discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOCM

The 2.1a version includes conversion from analog to digital flight control system and uprated engines on the booster and the ... The new digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to launch from a fixed rather than angled launch platform ... Digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to be launched from a fixed launch platform, whereas the launch ... A digital control system also enables the launch of larger commercial satellites with wider and longer payload fairings such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz-2

The controller is based on the Saturn 3D controller and includes an analog stick, a D-pad, four action buttons, start button ... Sega also produced the Dreameye, a digital camera that could be connected to the Dreamcast and used to exchange pictures and ... The staff of Edge agreed with this assessment of Dreamcast games, including Sega's arcade conversions, stating that the system ... Finn, Mark (2002). "Console Games in the Age of Convergence". In Mäyrä, Frans (ed.). Computer Games and Digital Cultures: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamcast

... in analog) or sync words (in digital). Generators of composite video signals (such as NTSC and PAL) will also include a ... wwwapps.grassvalley.com/docs/Manuals/sam/conversion_restoration/Supervisor_Operation.pdf[bare URL PDF] "Video Essentials: Snell ... A few specialized signals are used in digital environments: The PLL test signal is a pathological test signal used to stress ... This signal is virtually identical to the synchronization signal used in component analogue video (CAV); and is similar to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video-signal_generator

"Puerto Rican Inventor Develops Hydroelectric Wave-Energy Conversion System"; US Fed News Service; May 1, 2008 "Puerto Rican ... "Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation," that will help to determine why astronauts don't eat enough, having noted that ... Cirrus Digital Imaging". Red Planet Inc. Retrieved June 21, 2008. El Nuevo Dia Archived October 17, 2008, at the Wayback ... Hydroelectric Wave-Energy Conversion System Jorge Negrón Crespo of San Juan, Puerto Rico, has invented a hydroelectric wave- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_scientists_and_inventors

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) - delta-sigma (ΣΔ) modulation Automotive electronics - advanced driver-assistance systems ( ... In 1995, Abidi used CMOS switched-capacitor technology to demonstrate the first direct-conversion transceivers for digital ... digital radio, HD Radio, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) Mobile devices Mobile networks - Global ... analog and digital electronics on a mixed-signal CMOS (complementary MOS) RF circuit chip. It is widely used in modern wireless ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_CMOS

Rogers Digital Media. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019. Gatehouse J, Macdonald N (22 ... This combination is essentially an oxycodone analogue of the morphine-based "twilight sleep", with ephedrine added to reduce ... While higher CYP2D6 activity increases the effects of oxycodone (owing to increased conversion into oxymorphone), higher CYP3A4 ... 491-. ISBN 978-0-7295-8081-6. "Opioid Conversion / Equivalency Table". Stanford School of Medicine, Palliative Care. 20 April ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone

35mm film threaded in the mechanism (white spacing), through the picture gate and analog optical audio head. Digital optical ... Small-scale attempts had been made to use wide film for commercial theater exhibition around the time of the conversion to ... including the 35mm digital optical sound systems launched in the 1990s, e.g. Dolby Digital, and for 70mm DTS. Though the ... Separate magnetic and analog optical audio heads are built into the mechanism itself, enabling all 5/70 magnetic and 4/35 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips_DP70

He is credited with inventing the Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG): a core component of modern digital connections for the ... "Silicon-based Photonic Analog Signal Processing Engines with Reconfigurability (Si-PhASER) - Federal Business Opportunities: ... Awad, Ehab (October 2018). "Bidirectional Mode Slicing and Re-Combining for Mode Conversion in Planar Waveguides". IEEE Access ... This means GaAS transistors operate at high speeds, making them ideal analogue integrated circuit drivers for high speed lasers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_integrated_circuit

... as Rimouski was not a mandatory market for digital conversion. In addition to CBST and CBGAT, CJBR had approximately 45 ... which included shutting down CBC's and Radio-Canada's remaining analogue transmitters-including CBST and CBGAT-on July 31, 2012 ... On September 1, 2011, CJBR switched to digital broadcasting, broadcasting on digital channel 45 with a PSIP of 2.1. However, ... CJBR-DT, virtual channel 2.1 (UHF digital channel 45), branded on-air as ICI Est du Québec, is an Ici Radio-Canada Télé owned- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJBR-DT

McCullagh, J B; Baldelli, P; Phelan, N (November 2011). "Clinical dose performance of full field digital mammography in a ... Photon counting eliminates gain noise, where the proportionality constant between analog signal out and number of photons ... "Photon Counting Explained". Direct Conversion. Retrieved 2022-02-10. ... Weigel, Stefanie; Berkemeyer, Shoma; Girnus, Ralf; Sommer, Alexander; Lenzen, Horst; Heindel, Walter (May 2014). "Digital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_counting

While low-power television stations operating as "Franken-FMs", including WLFM-LP, had deadlines for digital conversion ... WLFM-LP Analog 6 Cleveland Slideshow (YouTube). General Teeso. June 13, 2012. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. ... but amended the request for digital conversion. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) findings stated channel 44 would cause ... An attempt was made to convert WXOX to a low-power digital station on channel 31, which WJW broadcast from prior to the June 12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTCL-LD

... for digital points) and analog signals to the digital domain. The first industrial control computer system was built 1959 at ... was an early computer that had input/output hardware to gather process signals in a plant for conversion from field contact ... The field inputs and outputs can be analog signals e.g. 4-20 mA DC current loop or two-state signals that switch either "on" or ... A very early example of a Direct Digital Control DCS was completed by the Australian business Midac in 1981-82 using R-Tec ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_control_system

Beginning in 1980, the analog inlet control system was replaced by a digital system, which reduced unstart instances. The SR-71 ... Honeywell starts conversion of AFICS to DAFICS 15 January 1982: SR-71B, AF Ser. No. 61-7956, flies its 1,000th sortie 21 April ... The system's digital computer ephemeris contained data on a list of stars used for celestial navigation: the list first ... directed by an analog air inlet computer that took into account pitot-static system, pitch, roll, yaw, and angle of attack. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird

"Analog Nightlight" program, and did so through July 12, 2009. The analog-to-digital conversion commenced when the station cut ... Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 3 ... The station's digital channel is multiplexed: Digital subchannel 2.2, branded as CBS Philly Plus, was launched in November 2011 ... the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KYW-TV

Parasympathetic analogs are drugs that work on the trabecular outflow by opening up the passageway and constricting the pupil. ... One study found a conversion rate of 18% within five years, meaning fewer than one in five people with elevated intraocular ... Digital Journal of Ophthalmology. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Hunt A, Rowe N, Lam A, Martin F (July 2005). " ... Prostaglandin analogs, such as latanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost, increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

... including the necessary digital to analog conversion (DAC). After the demise of SoundStorm, codec chips such as the Realtek 850 ... It was also necessary to meet certain sound quality levels as tested by Dolby Digital sound labs. At the time[when?] SoundStorm ... It was also capable of realtime Dolby Digital 5.1 encoding. Compared to other audio solutions of the day, the difference in CPU ... The nForce2 APU was a purely digital component, and that motherboard manufacturers still had to use codec chips such as the 650 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoundStorm

Analog devices, e.g. OpAmps and InAmps in different configurations or transistors, are used. For conducted emission frequencies ... Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference - PCC '97. Vol. 1. pp. 331-334. doi:10.1109/PCCON.1997.645634. ISBN 0-7803-3823-5. " ... such as spread spectrum clocking which makes use of digital electronics, or electromagnetic shielding. The concept behind ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_EMI_reduction

Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 24 ... transmitted from Nedrow to reach over-the-air viewers south of Syracuse in higher elevations until the 2009 digital conversion ... WCNY-TV operates four digital programming subchannels, which also simulcast on W22DO-D. WCNY-TV shut down its analog signal, ... the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCNY-TV

Digital Circuits) worksheet. These questions & answers will help you master the topic! ... One of the idiosyncrasies of analog-to-digital conversion is a phenomenon known as aliasing. It happens when an ADC attempts to ... In many practical ADC circuits, a comparator is actually used as the primary analog-to-digital conversion device. This is ... Analog-to-digital converter circuits (ADC) are usually equipped with analog low-pass filters to pre-condition the signal prior ...

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/analog-to-digital-conversion/

Isolated Conversion from Digital to 4-to-20 mA. µP-Compatible 10-Bit DAC1423 Uses Loop or Independent Supply; Has Readback ... These cookies may be set through our site by Analog Devices and our service providers. They may be used by Analog Devices to ... Analog Devices is in the process of updating our website. After we finish updating our website, you will be able to set your ... The DAC1423 produces a 4-to-20ma output current in response to a 10-bit binary digital signal provided via a latched 10-bit ...

https://www.analog.com/ru/analog-dialogue/articles/isolated-conversion-digital-4-to-20-ma.html

General Analog to Digital Conversion file: /Techref/scenix/lib/io/a2d.htm, 3KB, , updated: 2003/4/1 17:24, local time: 2022/12/ ... SX Specific Analog to Digital Conversion,/A,. After you find an appropriate page, you are invited to your question. comment. ... Ashley Roll of Digital Nemesis donates from sales of RCL-1 RS232 to TTL converters. * Monthly Subscribers: Gregg Rew. on-going ... A Virtual Peripheral ADC: Using Bitstream A-to-D Conversion (thanks to Randy Glenn for recovering it!). * 8bitadc.src A Virtual ...

http://www.piclist.com/Techref/scenix/lib/io/a2d.htm

Analog-to-Digital Conversion, 3rd edition - Free chm, pdf ebooks download ... Ebooks related to "Analog-to-Digital Conversion, 3rd edition" :. Formal Verification of Simulink/Stateflow Diagrams: A ... This textbook is appropriate for use in graduate-level curricula in analog-to-digital conversion, as well as for practicing ... It discusses various analog-to-digital conversion principles, including sampling, quantization, reference generation, nyquist ...

http://ebook3000.com/Analog-to-Digital-Conversion--3rd-edition_406364.html

Almost all modern digital to analogue convertors (DACs) use oversampled multibit convertors with noise-shaping to achieve their ... traditional noise shaping does nothing to reduce the effect of component tolerances in the DAC because the analogue output ... T10 - Modern Digital to Analogue Conversion: Audio Alchemy Using Signal Processing. Presenter:. Jamie Angus, University of ... Almost all modern digital to analogue convertors (DACs) use oversampled multibit convertors with noise-shaping to achieve their ...

https://www.aes.org/events/138/tutorials/?ID=4421

Comments: Analog to Digital Conversion ≡ Pages Looking for answers to technical questions? We welcome your comments and ... Pages The Analog World What is the ADC? Relating ADC Value to Voltage Arduino ADC Example Hooking Things Up Backward Resources ...

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-to-digital-conversion/discuss

Tag Archives: analog to digital conversion Free Report. TV Delivery Evolution: Hybrid TV, Over The Top (Internet) TV and TV ... analog to digital conversion, Android, Apple TV, AT&T, AT&T HomeZone (discontinued service), Australia, BBC, BBC iPlayer, ... analog to digital conversion, Android, Apple TV, AT&T, AT&T HomeZone (discontinued service), Australia, BBC, BBC iPlayer, ...

https://alanquayle.com/tag/analog-to-digital-conversion/

Boat part number 8800615 is a new digital to analog conversion kit from Evinrude Johnson / BRP / OMC, part number 5008752 . ... Evinrude Boat Digital Analog Conversion Kit 5008752 , E-Tec G2. Boat part number 8800615 is a new digital to analog conversion ... Boat part number 8800615 is a new digital to analog conversion kit from Evinrude Johnson / BRP / OMC, part number 5008752 . ...

https://www.greatlakesskipper.com/evinrude-boat-digital-analog-conversion-kit-5008752-e-tec-g2

Devices that generate digital representations of analog measurements are called analog-to-digital converters, or ADCs. You will ... digital) world of a computer and the external (analog) world of process measurement and control, there must be some form of ... conversion taking place between these two types of data. ... 1 to ensure good analog-to-digital conversion integrity.. Back ... Devices that generate digital representations of analog measurements are called analog-to-digital converters, or ADCs. You will ...

https://www.technocrazed.com/15-3-analog-digital-conversion

Ive been meaning to get an aftermarket boost gauge, so I thought it would be cool to get the full digital dash out of another ... Has anyone else attempted this? If anybody has wiring diagrams or diagnostic/service info for the analog and digital clusters ... The analog cluster uses the same thing for the ammeter, so that wont be a problem.. The oil pressure sensor might work as-is. ... The digital cluster uses an on/off pressure switch with a resistor to drop the reading down to the middle of the range. With ...

https://turbotbird.com/thread-analog-digital-dash-conversion

Analog-to-digital conversion[edit]. KFYF (as KFXF) shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 7, in January 2009. The ... KFXF, virtual and VHF digital channel 7, was a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. ... Digital TV delay could benefit Interior Archived 2009-02-03 at the Wayback Machine, Jeff Richardson, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner ... KFXFs transmitter was located north of Fairbanks and its programming was simulcast on low-power digital translator KFXF-LD ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFXF

arduino programming with analog channel and digital outputs ... ... "arduino analog digital conversion" and I am very much ... let me know what analog input specification to meet the arduino specification as digital conversion you need. id be happy to ... Hello! I will do arduino programming with analog channel and digital outputs. Kindly come over chat and plan the project for ... Have real-time working experience in Arduino NANO/UNO/MEGA ESP32 and Raspberry PI to build a digital device to read sensor data ...

https://www.freelancer.co.ro/projects/arduino/arduino-analog-digital-conversion

Category : Digital Conversion analog, conversion, digital * ← Data Transmission Modes And Its Types ... Digital To Analog Converters. We can switch virtually any shopper, and many skilled, analog media ever made. Power up your ... Intro To Digital Conversion. It additionally works properly with TV, Blu-ray and DVD gamers, and other portable audio gadgets. ... A dual analog RCA cable output and a 3.5 mm jack for headphones are also out there. With a dimension of seven.5 x eight.5 x 2 ...

https://www.fasttech.xyz/digital-to-analog-conversion.html

Tutorial 4: Analog to digital conversion Description: Reads an analog signal input to A0 pin and send the 10-bit ADC output to ... chipKIT Tutorial 3: Analog-to-digital conversion. Posted on May 31, 2012. by R-B 2 comments , ... It is precisely for this reason that the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is so important in embedded systems that interact ... The next step, therefore, requires an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) system that takes a continuously varying voltage input ...

https://embedded-lab.com/blog/?p=4802

class ADCWiPy - analog to digital conversion¶. Note. This class is a non-standard ADC implementation for the WiPy. It is ... import machine adc = machine.ADC() # create an ADC object apin = adc.channel(pin=GP3) # create an analog pin on GP3 val = ... Create an analog pin. If only channel ID is given, the correct pin will be selected. Alternatively, only the pin can be passed ... class ADCChannel - read analog values from internal or external sources¶. ADC channels can be connected to internal points of ...

http://docs.micropython.org/en/v1.18/library/machine.ADCWiPy.html

Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) Commands (10-Bit). CK = Checksum (00-FF) TX:. 2. 3. 4. CK. FUNCTION: ADC 8-BIT. RX:. 2. 2. 3 ... To convert the 8-Bit values into a usable integer, follow this simple formula: Analog Value = (MSB x 256) + LSB Analog Value ...

https://ncd.io/document/analog-to-digital-conversion-adc-commands-10-bit/

They have a "Mytek European Online Store" link there, then on that link click the "Digital to Analog Converters" in the ... As an owner of a W4S DAC-1 (upgraded Digital board; Low ESR "Super Caps") Id like to point out the DAC-2 hasnt lost any of ... You probably dont want to hear this, but your ASUS Xonar digital output is very under-rated. I know of several individuals ( ... Personally I think it would take a very high end USB implementation to beat the Xonar digital output. ...

https://audiophilestyle.com/forums/topic/10380-w4s-dac2-or/

Analog to Digital Conversion by Peter Hillen in the July/August Synapse: The Electronic Music Magazine. ...

https://www.neatnetnoise.com/synapse-july-august-1977-page-36

digital to analog conversion. Schiit JIL Update: Hear it for yourself! Hi-Res files uploaded. By Steve Graham I dont want this ...

https://wallofsound.ca/tag/digital-to-analog-conversion/

Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion. Patrick T. Callahan, Michael L. Dennis, and Thomas R. Clark Jr. ...

https://www.jhuapl.edu/TechDigest/Detail?Journal=J&VolumeID=30&IssueID=4

High Fidelity Analog-to-Digital Conversion for Spaceborne Applications. PDF (Online Viewing). Wang_hyperlink.pdf. ...

https://vlfstanford.ku.edu.tr/biblio/high-fidelity-analog-digital-conversion-spaceborne-applications/

Analog-to-digital conversionEdit. KTVZ shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 21, on June 12, 2009, the official date in ... Low-power analog translators in Burns, Chemult, La Pine, and Madras have been discontinued. ... By 2006, they added more network affiliations to the growing Central Oregon area when The CW was added as a second digital ... The stations digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 18 to channel 21.[3] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTVZ

Sony DCR-SR82 - Analog to Digital Conversion ??. Are you sure that the software is designed to work on such an old version of ... I try to record a video i have on vhs but it stops recording I got a video converter from VHS to digital, all i need to do is ... Be the first to answer Oct 20, 2022 • Canon Elura 100 Mini DV Digital Camcorder ...

https://www.fixya.com/support/t1166957-sony_dcr_sr82_faulty_zoom

Analog-to-Digital Conversion or Converter (ADC or A/D). The process of converting a sampled analog signal to a digital code ... Digital to Analog Conversion (or Converter) (DAC or D/A). A circuit that accepts digital input signals and converts them to an ... Dual impedance digital multimeters. Digital multimeters that allow technicians can safely trouble shoot sensitive electronic or ... See digital multimeter buttons.. Relay. A device in which a set of contacts is opened or closed by a mechanical force supplied ...

https://www.fluke.com/en-ca/learn/blog/electrical/multimeter-common-terminology

Analog-to-Digital Conversion is Key for Deep Space Exploration with the James Webb Space Telescope. ...

https://www.eda-solutions.com/resources/analog-to-digital-conversion-is-key-for-deep-space-exploration-with-the-james-webb-space-telescope/

Reference-Quality Digital-to-Analog Conversion. *Customizable Digital Filter. *High-Performance Headphone Amplifier ... Want to hook up CD 60 to an outboard DAC now or in the future? Easy, thanks to its array of digital outputs. A remote control, ... as well as a selectable digital filter. Youll also find an HDAM-SA2 headphone amplifier with low, mid, and high settings for ...

https://www.musicdirect.com/equipment/disc-player/marantz-cd60-cd-player-black-open-box/

HX711 weighing sensor dedicated AD module force measurement dual-channel 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion with shielding ... HX711 weighing sensor dedicated AD module force measurement dual-channel 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion with shielding ... HX711 weighing sensor dedicated AD module force measurement dual-channel 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion with shielding. ... HX711 weighing sensor dedicated AD module force measurement dual-channel 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion with shielding ...

https://tuxyl.com/at-631568-hx711-weighing-sensor-dedicated-ad-module-force-measurement-dual-channel-24-bit-analog-to-digital-conversion-with-shielding.html

Analog to Digital Conversion 00:42:21. 00:00. adilraja 8 years ago Chirbit ...

https://www.chirbit.com/adilraja

Analogue Conversion 192KHz/24bit Dolby Digital 2 Chan. Down Mix Yes * LPCM Conversion Yes Digital Audio Output Yes (SPDIF & ... DivX HD is based on H.264 standard, thestate-of-the-art digital video compression formatfor full high definition video. ... Digital /Analogue Conversion 148MHz/12bit NTSC/PAL Hz 60/50Hz * NTSC ↔PAL Conversion Yes ...

https://www.lg.com/au/dvd-blu-ray-players/lg-BD560-blu-ray-player

Digital-To-Analog Conversion. 24-bit 48 kHz. Analog Performance. Frequency Response: 20 Hz to 20 kHz ±0.5 dB;. S/N Ratio: ,95 ... HDMI, analog stereo [4]. Digital Formats. Dolby Digital®, Dolby Digital EX, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, Dolby Atmos, DTS ... A balanced analog audio output is included to allow stereo audio signals to be extracted from the digital output and fed to a ... HDMI digital video/audio output (DVI compatible [6]). HDMI INPUT. (1) 19-pin Type A HDMI female;. HDMI digital video/audio ...

https://www.crestron.com/Products/Video/DigitalMedia-4K-Fiber-Solutions/Receivers/DMCF-RX-4K-BX-PAK-KIT

What do the outputs of the comparators do, one at a time, as the analog input voltage increases? (allaboutcircuits.com)
Although the ADC shown outputs its digital data in parallel form (with separate terminals for the 12 individual bits), many modern ADC chips are designed for serial data output, where a single terminal generates a sequential series of bits timed to the pulse of a clock signal. (technocrazed.com)
Easy, thanks to its array of digital outputs. (musicdirect.com)
[2] It also features a built-in 4K/60 scaler, HDMI® and analog audio outputs, a local HDMI input, and a gigabit Ethernet LAN port. (crestron.com)
The ADC block outputs digital values representing the analog input signal and stores the converted values in the result register of your digital signal processor. (mathworks.com)
STREAMER MAX has both analogue and digital inputs and outputs in order to allow maximum flexibility of installation and connectivity. (broadcastmarketitaly.com)
Additionally, (4) analog audio outputs are available to provide stereo breakout audio from the associated HDBaseT™ output (LPCM 2.0 sources only). (a-neuvideo.com)
Two pairs of RCA stereo analogue outputs, coax and optical digital outputs, and MC-Bus connections are included in the connectivity, enabling an all-Cyrus system to synchronize functions like power on/off. (techgame.org)
MAYA66 eXpress provides two RCA stereo analog line inputs and two RCA stereo line outputs that can do rich recording and playback up to 24-bit/96kHz. (jimdofree.com)
MAYA66 eXpress's all analog inputs and outputs features 24-bit 96 kHz audio resolution with 108 dB dynamic range while Digital to Analog conversion. (jimdofree.com)
The digital outputs of the Aune X5s 8TH Anniversary use a professional grade, fully isolated digital transformer to deliver extremely pure, interference-free digital signals. (hificonnect.com)
The RME M-1610 Pro combines 16 analog inputs with 8 balanced analog line level outputs, independent stereo headphones, redundant AVB ports, up to two independent MADI ports, ADAT outputs, remote control with web interface and dual internal power supplies - to deliver M-32 Pro performance at an attractive price point. (rme-usa.com)
AFM−20DSP is an advanced, professional audio matrix switcher with 20 analog ports that can be configured as inputs or outputs according to preset I/O configurations. (kramerav.com)

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). (allaboutcircuits.com)
Predict how the operation of this "flash" analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit will be affected as a result of the following faults. (allaboutcircuits.com)
For our hypothetical 0-10 VDC, 12-bit converter, the analog resolution is 2.442 millivolts. (technocrazed.com)
Power up your digital converter with the 5V/1A energy adapter and plug-in easily into computers and tablets without having for the reinstallation of drivers. (fasttech.xyz)
This is the smallest change in the analog input voltage that is detectable by the on-chip analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. (embedded-lab.com)
Embodiments of the present invention provide a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, where the digital-to-analog conversion circuit includes a signal amplitude detector and a digital-to-analog converter. (justia.com)
When the signal amplitude detector detects a low signal amplitude, a first current module in the digital-to-analog converter operates normally and a second current module in the digital-to-analog converter stops operating. (justia.com)
and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to quantize the second output into a digital representation, the ADC including a detection circuit to detect an overload condition in the second output. (justia.com)
ADDER DVA is a high-performance VGA to DVI-D video converter that transforms analog signals to digital. (markertek.com)
Hegel has done a lot of research to be able to design the DAC converter boards in-house to convert the digital audio data into high-resolution analog audio from the CDs. (hegel.com)
To be able to design the CD DAC converter boards in the best possible way requires a lot of deep technical knowledge in the fields of low noise analog electronics, high-frequency electronics, signal processing electronics and advanced circuit board layout techniques. (hegel.com)
With the Denon DP-450USB, copying favourite LPs and singles to a co mputer are made simpler than ever: it builds on the specification of the DP-400 with the addition of a built-in digital-to-analogue converter, able to transfer music directly to USB storage connected to the front-panel USB Type A port. (whatmobile.net)
Measured at a 40 kHz sampling clock and {pm} 0.6 V supply, the recorder consumes 50 μW/ch, of which 22 μ W per FS amplifier, 24 μ W per buffer, 4 μ W per 11-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). (umn.edu)
Fujitsu today announced that it has developed an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that is 50% smaller and consumes 50% less power than conventional converters. (fareastgizmos.com)
Analog Devices Inc - AD7886KD - IC, A/D Converter. (electronicsurplus.com)
Analog Devices Inc - AD578LN - IC, A/D converter. (electronicsurplus.com)
Analog Devices Inc - AD570JD - IC, A/D Converter. (electronicsurplus.com)
It uses photoelectric elements to convert the detected optical signal into an electrical signal, and then converts the electrical signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter and transmits it to the computer for processing. (masung.group)
The Wireless PC to TV Converter is designed as a DLNA DMR (Digital Media Renderer) which means users can easily send audio, video and pictures from a computer wirelessly to TV. (converters.tv)
PAL or NTSC video to VGA or XGA Converter accepts video signals from video sources such as DVD players, gaming consoles and digital cameras through the standard AV port or S-Video port and can be displayed on higher resolution LCD and CRT monitors. (converters.tv)
The MINI AV2HDMI converter is a universal converter for analog composite input to HDMI 1080p (60Hz) output. (co.ke)
Advanced Audio Matrix Switcher - Professional, studio grade signal conversion technology, Including the latest generation 32-bit advanced Digital Analog Converter architecture to achieve excellent dynamic performance and improved tolerance to clock jitter. (kramerav.com)
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI) introduced the MAX77540 step-down buck converter, which provides single stage power conversion in multi-cell battery applications, such as augmented reality/virtual reality (ARVR) headsets, land mobile radios (LMRs) and digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. (powersystemsdesign.com)

Both ADCs and DACs relate analog voltage signals to multi-bit binary (digital) data. (technocrazed.com)
We live in an analog world where most physical variables are analog signals. (embedded-lab.com)
A microcontroller cannot directly handle these entities because i) they are non-electrical signals, and, ii) they are analog quantities, which means they have a continuous set of values over a given range, in contrast to the discrete values of digital signals. (embedded-lab.com)
To enable the microcontroller to process these quantities, they must be somehow represented into digital signals. (embedded-lab.com)
A balanced analog audio output is included to allow stereo audio signals to be extracted from the digital output and fed to a separate audio switcher, processor, or amplifier. (crestron.com)
The ADC block configures the ADC to perform analog-to-digital conversion of signals connected to the selected ADC input pins. (mathworks.com)
You use this block to capture and digitize analog signals from external sources such as signal generators, frequency generators, or audio devices. (mathworks.com)
when digital signals are run near analog signals, the capacitance between the lines can cause the lines to couple and move together. (analog.com)
This problem gets eliminated by running the analog signals in a separate routing area than the digital, and by putting grounding shields between the analog and the digital. (analog.com)
Using differential signals, both analog and digital, can reduce the effect of all of the above problems. (analog.com)
Today's digital music players use similar principles, converting analog performances into digital storage, then back into analog signals for your speaker. (computerhistory.org)
The architecture of the X5s 8Th Anniversary includes an ARM processor that decodes the audio files and then transmits the signal to the FPGA, combined with an ultra-low jitter clock to regenerate the digital signals. (hificonnect.com)
The integrated routing matrix allows for quick routing of any analog inputs straight to the headphone output, as well as all digital signals and AVB streams. (rme-usa.com)
Advanced digital image processing techniques applied, to convert Video Signals to all kinds of VGA resolution. (co.ke)

Ashley Roll of Digital Nemesis donates from sales of RCL-1 RS232 to TTL converters . (piclist.com)
This textbook is appropriate for use in graduate-level curricula in analog-to-digital conversion, as well as for practicing engineers in need of a state-of-the-art reference on data converters. (ebook3000.com)
Devices that generate digital representations of analog measurements are called analog-to-digital converters , or ADC s. (technocrazed.com)
Devices that generate an analog representation of digital quantities are called digital-to-analog converters , or DAC s. (technocrazed.com)
Explore how HP Site Flow helps packaging converters to excel at the massive analogue-to-digital printing conversion. (hpgsb.net)
For packaging converters, efficiency in printing short runs on production digital printers also makes their analogue presses more efficient by taking short runs away from them and enabling these devices to focus on printing the longer runs where analogue methods excel. (hpgsb.net)
In 1953, Epsco, a pioneer in digital-to-analog devices, introduced one of the earliest commercial converters. (computerhistory.org)
A year later, Epsco introduced the Datrac, one of the earliest commercial analog/digital converters. (computerhistory.org)
At the request of recording engineers using a variety of analog effects and instruments in their sessions, RME have combined the outstanding performance of the M-32 Pro AD and DA converters into a single device, and at an unbeatable price-point. (rme-usa.com)
As a notable difference to similar devices, the three analog line levels per channel each offer the full dynamic range of the converters. (rme-usa.com)

The best thing is: Sony needs to put in special HDMI ports, while 360's port is just a digital out that can be used for whatever cable is on the market. (n4g.com)
HDMI is a digital sytem not analogue. (n4g.com)
This 10x10 HDMI/HDBaseT™ Matrix supports routing and transmission of video (for resolutions up to [email protected] w/ HDMI 2.0 & HDCP 2.2) and audio (multi-channel digital/stereo analog) while providing flexible control via IR, RS-232, Telnet or WebGUI. (a-neuvideo.com)
The Video Wall Controller Processor for Video Walls - with RS232 and VGA/HDMI Upscale is designed to maximize digital signage advertising, entertainment and interaction. (converters.tv)
HDMI is digital signal and RCA is analog signal, and the cable does not convert the signal. (co.ke)
Convert the HDMI output port on your ENVY or Voodoo laptop to an analog VGA input with the HDMI to VGA Conversion Adapter. (co.ke)
Wide Range of I/O Formats - Includes 20 analog ports, 4x4 Dante interface (with 2 multicast flows), HDMI input and output, and S/PDIF input and output. (kramerav.com)

Suppose the analog input voltage (V in ) were slowly increased from 0 volts to the reference voltage (V ref ). (allaboutcircuits.com)
Supposing this 12-bit ADC has an analog input voltage range of 0 to 10 volts, how do we relate any given digital number value to a voltage value, or vice-versa? (technocrazed.com)
In order to calculate a digital count value from a given input voltage, simply divide that voltage value by the full-scale voltage, then multiply by the full-scale count value and round down 14 to the nearest whole number. (technocrazed.com)
However, a digital output of 2502 counts could represent any analog input voltage ranging between 6.10989 volts and 6.11233 volts. (technocrazed.com)
The next step, therefore, requires an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) system that takes a continuously varying voltage input and returns a binary digital representation suitable for use by the microcontroller. (embedded-lab.com)
The default set reference voltage for the PIC32MX320F128H microcontoller on the chipKIT UNO32 board is its supply voltage (Vcc = 3.3 V). This is also the maximum value of the analog voltage that can be applied to any ADC channel on the chipKIT UNO32 board. (embedded-lab.com)
You can see that with this arrangement, the maximum error in the digital representation of an analog voltage could be 3.2 mV. (embedded-lab.com)
Sometimes the range of the analog input voltage is too small compared to 3.3V and varies only a little bit. (embedded-lab.com)
The operating values are determined by using the upper three bits of an analog voltage for each. (nutsvolts.com)
A typical ADC works by comparing the voltage of an external analog input signal with an internally generated reference level to convert to a digital value. (fareastgizmos.com)
To overcome these issues, Fujitsu Laboratories has developed a completely new circuit design by using digital control techniques that require neither the use of a switch nor the generation of a reference voltage. (fareastgizmos.com)
When scanning an image, after the light source irradiates the image, the reflected light converges on the scanning module through the lens, and the scanning module converts the optical signal into an analog-to-digital signal (i.e. voltage, which is related to the intensity of the received light), and points out the gray and dark range of the image. (masung.group)
At this time, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the analog voltage into a digital signal and transmits it to the computer. (masung.group)
This study describes a digital integrator where the voltage to frequency conversion is accomplished by firing a unijunction transistor. (cdc.gov)
Wide 4V to 16V input voltage range and two 3A switching phases provide single step conversions to core voltages from USB-C rails and 2S and 3S multi-cell batteries. (powersystemsdesign.com)

Perhaps the most obvious measure of ADC or DAC performance, then, is how many bits of output represent how many volts of analog signal. (technocrazed.com)
Since the digital data "width" of this ADC is 12 bits, its digital output ranges from 000000000000 to 111111111111, constituting a 12-bit binary integer with a range extending from 000 hexadecimal to FFF hexadecimal, or 0 decimal to 4095 decimal. (technocrazed.com)
What is the effect of digital signal bits cross-talking into the analog section of a data-conversion system? (analog.com)
After reading this article, the reader will understand that harmonic distortion and other signal-dependant-error problems can be caused by crosstalk from digital signal bits, which can take a long time to fix if the mechanisms are not understood. (analog.com)
To the effect that the digital bits are differential and balanced (both rise/fall timing, and amplitude) the positive signal will have an equal and opposite effect as the negative polarity signal. (analog.com)
Any digital signal bits are a strictly deterministic function of the analog signal they represent. (analog.com)
Also hence, as in any non-linear memory-less system, all of the energy in the digital signal bits is exclusively in the harmonics of the signal they represent (this will be illustrated below). (analog.com)
In digital audio, the clock frequency is an essential factor, as it creates the correlation between the audio bits and the time reference. (rme-usa.com)
The analog to digital conversion in this module employs 10 bits maximal 162Msps sampling, black/white level expansion, color transition improvement, dynamic range exp0ansion, blue stretch, auto-detect and auto-convert the composite signal to 1080p (60Hz) output. (co.ke)

The next step was to skip the analog "middlemen. (computerhistory.org)

The SynchroDAC technology is used together with the Direct MasterClock technology to keep jitter error and digital to analog conversion errors to a minimum. (hegel.com)
Together with SteadyClock FS, RME's ultra-low jitter digital clock technology, the conversion to and from analog is state-of-the-art, at any level and across all digital formats. (rme-usa.com)

The device has support for NTSC and PAL video format input and an in-built frame rate conversion feature from 50Hz to 60Hz ensuring glitch-free viewing. (converters.tv)

The DAC1423 produces a 4-to-20ma output current in response to a 10-bit binary digital signal provided via a latched 10-bit counter. (analog.com)
I/P transducer) with a 4-20 mA analog electronic signal based on a digital calculation (e.g. (technocrazed.com)
For instance, if we subjected our 12-bit ADC to a full-scale input signal of 10 VDC, we would expect to see a full-scale digital output (binary 111111111111) of 4095 "counts. (technocrazed.com)
This uncertainty is inherent to the process of "digitizing" an analog signal: by using a discrete quantity to represent something infinitely variable, some detail is inevitably lost. (technocrazed.com)
In this tutorial, we will discuss about the ADC capabilities of chipKIT UNO32 board and illustrate how to read an analog input signal from its ADC channels. (embedded-lab.com)
Now the physical signal has been converted into an electrical signal but it is not yet ready for computer processing because of its analog nature. (embedded-lab.com)
The resolution of the ADC is 10-bit, which means 1024 (2 10 ) discrete binary representations (0 to 1023) can be made for a given range of an analog signal. (embedded-lab.com)
KTVZ shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 21, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. (wikipedia.org)
The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 18 to channel 21. (wikipedia.org)
The process of converting a sampled analog signal to a digital code that represents the amplitude of the original signal sample. (fluke.com)
A digital display meter that after the function is manually selected automatically selects the proper range to display the input signal. (fluke.com)
it features a built-in analog/digital conversion chip with audio signal boost. (macworld.com)
In oversampling mode, a signal at a given ADC channel can be sampled multiple times during a single conversion sequence. (mathworks.com)
This article provides an understanding of the effects of digital crosstalk coupling onto analog signal lines. (analog.com)
digital currents pulling on a power supply that is shared with an analog supply, which causes the supply to move with the bit, which gets into the signal path through an amplifier's supply pin (when the amplifier does not have an infinite power supply rejection ratio). (analog.com)
To the effect that the analog signal is differential and the crosstalk has equal coupling on both sides of the differential signal (in both amplitude and phase), and the analog receiver has a good common mode rejection ratio, the crosstalk will not be seen differentially. (analog.com)
Each bit of the conversion process is a non-linear, non-monotonic function of the analog signal. (analog.com)
Hence, the error caused by the digital cross talk is a signal-dependant error. (analog.com)
As we wrote here, the FCC asked for comments on a request to allow these stations to continue to provide an analog audio signal even after the digital conversion deadline to allow these audio services to continue. (broadcastlawblog.com)
VLSC (Vector Linear Shaping Circuitry) reassembles the signal in its original form after digital-to-analogue conversion, filtering away generated pulse-noise for an exceptional fidelity. (onkyo.com)
A detailed description of the analog signal conditioning and the peak detection circuitry is provided. (cdc.gov)
PC resolutions up to SXGA 1280*1024 are also accepted, converted and up-scaled to a digital 720p or 1080p signal for Video Wall display. (converters.tv)
It's reworked into an electrical signal, which, previous to digital conversion and storage onto your computers exhausting drive is named an analog signal. (paranoidandroids.net)

Almost all modern digital to analogue convertors (DACs) use oversampled multibit convertors with noise-shaping to achieve their high performance. (aes.org)

We live in an analog world. (computerhistory.org)

This piece of audio alchemy is critical to the exceptional performance of modern digital-to-analogue convertors. (aes.org)
Its wide range of gadget applicability cuts throughout Blu-ray Disc Player, cable TV receiver, Xbox 360, portable DVD participant, Amplifier, Sound Speakers, and all units with digital audio out port. (fasttech.xyz)
Samplitude Music Studio has many new tools, a few of which we'd like to turn our attention to: Audio Remote App, Vocal Tune 2, the Analogue Modelling Suite, Vandal SE and the essentialFX collection. (magix.com)
Almost all HiFi CD Players today are using asynchronous upsampling to convert digital audio data to analog audio. (hegel.com)
One issue left unresolved by the FCC is the status of " Franken FMs ," those analog LPTV stations on Channel 6 whose audio is used to provide an FM radio service on 87.7 on the FM band. (broadcastlawblog.com)
Need just one tape transferred to audio CD or hundreds of VHS cassettes converted to a digital format? (nationalmediaservices.com)
This product supports passing 7.1 channel LPCM digital audio as well as advanced bitstream and HD bitstream audio formats. (a-neuvideo.com)
In an audio chain, it is placed just before the digital conversion. (floatingpoint.audio)
MAYA66 eXpress is the ultimate PC audio upgrade for those who are ready to achieve the highest quality digital audio playback and to maximise sound experience in today's multimedia environment. (jimdofree.com)
Master-Level Digital Audio Player. (hificonnect.com)
Display Port is a port standard for digital audio and video. (co.ke)
Avoiding Black Hat Shortcuts The sound goes from that file, to the soundcard where it is turned again into analog audio and performed by way of your studio monitors-arriving again at your ears as audio. (paranoidandroids.net)
2. The Shakespeare effect In this case, audio refers to analog alerts which can be vibrations emitted from a voice, instrument, or any acoustic source. (paranoidandroids.net)
We can convert your precious analog video and audio memories by converting them to a digital format. (zippyshipandcopy.com)

In a Public Notice , the FCC has reminded all analog LPTV stations and TV translators that they need to convert to digital by July 13, 2021 or cease operations. (broadcastlawblog.com)
So, for digital computers to control operations they must convert analog input (continuous values, like electrical current from a temperature sensor) into digital data, process it, then convert it back to analog. (computerhistory.org)
We are able to convert slides to digital images and have them put onto a DVD. (zippyshipandcopy.com)

16 single-ended, 8 differential analog inputs. (dataq.com)

This problem gets eliminated by (in order of effectiveness) using different power supplies for the analog and digital circuitry, or putting a low pass filter between the analog and digital circuitry, or by better capacitive bypassing. (analog.com)

In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog) world of process measurement and control, there must be some form of conversion taking place between these two types of data. (technocrazed.com)
Have real-time working experience in Arduino NANO/UNO/MEGA ESP32 and Raspberry PI to build a digital device to read sensor data and send it to the web server, motor control, control relay switches and LEDs. (co.ro)
However, a microcontroller can only process data that is available in digital format. (embedded-lab.com)
Instruments with the stand-alone data logger option feature a built-in multimedia socket that accepts standard Secure Digital (SD) memories to which acquired data may be stored without a connected PC. (dataq.com)
USB Secure Digital Memory Card Reader connects to the USB port of any PC and allows data recorded to SD memory to be transferred to the PC for review and analysis. (dataq.com)
This analysis also applies to a DAC system, in which digital data is generated from a memory or other CPU, and is sent to a DAC, and measured with a spectrum analyzer. (analog.com)
Its figure-of-merit (FOM) based on data DR reaches 36.0 fJ/conversion-step. (umn.edu)
The process of converting analog data to discrete, digital form. (bvsalud.org)
External frequency tracking and spread spectrum modulation provide low electromagnetic interference (EMI) power conversions for data sensing and processing equipment. (powersystemsdesign.com)

the (potential) error resulting from "quantizing" (digitizing) an inherently analog quantity into a discrete representation. (technocrazed.com)

It discusses various analog-to-digital conversion principles, including sampling, quantization, reference generation, nyquist architectures and sigma-delta modulation. (ebook3000.com)

At the center of everything is our prestigious custom 24 channel Neve Genesys console with 16x vintage 1084 EQs & 8x Neve 88RS EQs, along with DAW control, total recall, automation & onboard digital conversion with MADI. (80hertz.com)

These are found in the output channels of digital control systems, where the controller must drive some field device (e.g. (technocrazed.com)
Features 8 differential or 16 single-ended analog input channels, 4,000 Samples per second throughput, 14-bit measurement resolution, and full scale ranges of ±1.25, ±2.5, ±5, ±10 V full scale. (dataq.com)
All DI-710 Series products feature 14-bit measurement resolution, sixteen analog input channels that may be configured for single ended or differential operation per channel, and an 8-bit digital bi-directional port. (dataq.com)

The converse cannot be said, however: for any given output "count" value, there is actually a range of possible input voltages (the span of that range being the analog resolution of the ADC, in this case 2.442 mV). (technocrazed.com)

Iloprost is a synthetic analogue of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 [PGI2]) that dilates systemic and pulmonary arterial vascular beds. (medscape.com)
Triptorelin is a synthetic decapeptide agonist analogue of GnRH. (medscape.com)
Goserelin is a synthetic decapeptide analogue of GnRH that inhibits pituitary gonadotropin secretion if administered long-term. (medscape.com)

It is precisely for this reason that the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is so important in embedded systems that interact with an analog environment. (embedded-lab.com)

Localisation, customisation, and personalisation: Brand owners value the ability to produce unique messaging and packaging designs via digital printing methods. (hpgsb.net)
We show, using biochemical characterization, substrate analogs, and computational methods, that CnsC not only catalyzes the C3-C3 carbon-carbon bond formation, but also controls the regioselectivities of the pair of subsequent aminal bond formations to yield the communesin core. (cdc.gov)

let me know what analog input specification to meet the arduino specification as digital conversion you need. (co.ro)
Both turntables feature a built-in pre-amp making them suitable for use with a wide range of systems , while the DP-450 USB adds to its specification analogue-to-digital conversion, making it simple to record favourite LPs and singles straight to USB storage devices. (whatmobile.net)

Unfortunately traditional noise shaping does nothing to reduce the effect of component tolerances in the DAC because the analogue output cannot be fed back to the input. (aes.org)
To illustrate, let us take one of the table entries as an example: an analog input of 6.11 volts should yield a digital output of (precisely) 2502 counts. (technocrazed.com)
A dual analog RCA cable output and a 3.5 mm jack for headphones are also out there. (fasttech.xyz)
You probably don't want to hear this, but your ASUS Xonar digital output is very under-rated. (audiophilestyle.com)
I know of several individuals (myself included) who have compared that to high quality USB implementations such as the Audiophilleo and have found the Xonar digital output to still be superior. (audiophilestyle.com)
Personally I think it would take a very high end USB implementation to beat the Xonar digital output. (audiophilestyle.com)
If more than one ADC channel is used for conversion, you can use separate ports for each output and show the output ports on the block. (mathworks.com)
7-Bit General-Purpose Binary-Output ADC - Binary Output, Maximum Conversion Time (S) = 1.0m, Integral Nonlinearity @25�C = 1.0, Vin Range (Vp-p) (V) = 40Volt or Cur. (electronicsurplus.com)
and an additional headphone output, the M-1610 Pro brings plenty of analog I/O to any studio setup. (rme-usa.com)

RedNet AM2 includes the latest two-channel Dante receiver and provides high-quality digital to analogue conversion at up to 96kHz for accurate monitoring on loudspeakers or headphones. (sinamex.com)

Присоединяйтесь к нашему сообществу Analog Devices Inc на Facebook, чтобы получать эксклюзивные материалы и многое другое! (analog.com)
Analog Devices is in the process of updating our website. (analog.com)
These cookies may be set through our site by Analog Devices and our service providers. (analog.com)
They may be used by Analog Devices to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant content on our site. (analog.com)
SD memories are the same commonly available mass storage devices used with digital cameras and MP3 players. (dataq.com)
The author presents a concise review of electrical circuits, solid-state devices, digital circuits, and motors- all of which are fundamental to understanding mechatronic systems. (mheducation.com)
Genuine analog Devices - New Old Stock. (electronicsurplus.com)
The digital/analog conversion stage, particularly powerful, is based on an excellent ESS ES9038Q2M DAC chip, a model that has proven itself in many HiFi devices. (hificonnect.com)

You will find ADC circuits in process transmitters, where some process variable measurement (e.g. pressure, temperature, flow, etc.) must be converted into digital form for a computer to interpret. (technocrazed.com)
YOU'LL FIND AN EXTENSIVE 75 d SELECTION OF HX711 weighing sensor dedicated AD module force measurement dual-channel 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion with shielding JHI Trading Co.,Ltd. FOR Standard Grease Grease Type Cast Iron Unit Body Material SALE. (tuxyl.com)

Denon ®, one of the world's leading manufacturers of high-quality home e ntert ainment products, is adding two stylish new turntables to its Design Series, combining over a century of experience in design and engineering for analogue playback with the very latest technological advances. (whatmobile.net)

One mustn't neglect that the menus using the concept of digital signage are typically gadgets which function like TV units and so, they are associated to a media participant. (paranoidandroids.net)

The Hegel CD Players are using a new digital to analog conversion technology called synchronized upsampling. (hegel.com)
Retail brands and other packaging customers are looking to leverage their products' packaging to increase product sales, brand awareness, and consumer engagement while using digital printing technology to offer product variations in small batches. (hpgsb.net)
When technology is being actively taken up en-mass by consumers, it is time to standardize it. (hqsoftwarelab.com)
In recent decades, the world of Dentistry and Dental Technology is undergoing a change in the dental protocol, from analog to digital. (adae.store)
With digital technology stepping in, it certainly has changed conventional images in so many ways. (paranoidandroids.net)

KFXF , virtual and VHF digital channel 7, was a Fox - affiliated television station licensed to Fairbanks, Alaska , United States. (wikipedia.org)
KFXF's transmitter was located north of Fairbanks and its programming was simulcast on low-power digital translator KFXF-LD ( UHF channel 22). (wikipedia.org)
By 2006, they added more network affiliations to the growing Central Oregon area when The CW was added as a second digital channel. (wikipedia.org)
Specific ADC channel to associate with each conversion number. (mathworks.com)
To oversample, specify the same channel for more than one conversion. (mathworks.com)
In your case (single channel single-conversion mode) the answer is: no, not automaticaly. (43oh.com)

Conversion values are updated at each sample time. (mathworks.com)
Keep in mind that vintage analog media does change and deteriorate over time if not stored properly. (nationalmediaservices.com)
Conversion time: 17us. (electronicsurplus.com)
Conversion time: 2us. (electronicsurplus.com)

Learning to analyze digital circuits requires much study and practice. (allaboutcircuits.com)

the digital return currents return ground through a non-zero impedance, due to either resistive or inductive effects, which can cause the local "ground" to move up and down with the currrent. (analog.com)

The choices available in Start of conversion depend on the Module setting. (mathworks.com)
Common bar code scanners are generally composed of the light source, optical lens, scanning module, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and plastic shell. (masung.group)

Initially, digital computers simply supervised analog controllers. (computerhistory.org)
NIOSH staff were deployed serially (a ing hospital rooms into SARS patient isolation rooms, prepared designs for the rapid conversion of a vacated mil- team of two initially and later, two persons at two different itary facility into a SARS screening and observation facility, times) within larger teams stationed first in Taipei and then assessed environmental aspects of dedicated SARS hospi- in Kaohsiung. (cdc.gov)

check the Post interrupt at the end of conversion box. (mathworks.com)
Enable this check box to post an asynchronous interrupt at the end of each conversion. (mathworks.com)
The interrupt is posted at the end of conversion. (mathworks.com)
Will the sampling and analog to digital conversion take place when the interrupt function is being executed? (43oh.com)

Analog to digital video conversion up to 1920 x 1200 (165MHz max. (markertek.com)

Implementations of artificial neural networks that borrow analogue techniques could potentially offer low-power alternatives to fully digital approaches1-3. (researchgate.net)
Typical mechanisms of digital crosstalk include power supply coupling, capacitive crosstalk, and grounding currents. (analog.com)
Multi-cell battery applications require two stage power conversion and long battery life in the smallest package possible. (powersystemsdesign.com)

Moving theory into practice : digital imaging for libraries and archives / Anne R. Kenney and Oya Y. Rieger, editors and principal authors. (who.int)

Upon a showing setting out that their inability to meet the deadline was for reasons beyond their control, the Commission may grant an extension of up to 6 months to construct the digital facilities (though, even if their conversion deadline is extended, the analog operations must cease by July 13). (broadcastlawblog.com)

Excellent performance in all clock modes and High Quality Analog Conversion to hear your mix as it is. (rme-usa.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms10

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment76

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities2

Information Science37

Health Care18

Larsen scoring of digitized X-ray images. (1/62)

A new method of measuring propagation coefficients and characteristic impedance in blood vessels. (2/62)

Nonlinear contribution of eye velocity to motion perception. (3/62)

Characterization and use of a digital light projector for vision research. (4/62)

An investigation of the centres of pressure under the foot while walking. (5/62)

A small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ current and Cl- current in rat dental pulp cells. (6/62)

Computer-assisted mammographic imaging. (7/62)

Ocular oscillations on eccentric gaze. (8/62)

Gene Conversion

Radiography, Dental, Digital

Angiography, Digital Subtraction

Radiographic Image Enhancement

Libraries, Digital

Conversion Disorder

Structure-Activity Relationship

Photography

Kinetics

X-Ray Film

X-Ray Intensifying Screens

Radiology Information Systems

Telepathology

Molecular Sequence Data

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Molecular Structure

Analog-Digital Conversion

Fingers

Digital Rectal Examination

Stereoisomerism

Amino Acid Sequence

Time Factors

Computers, Handheld

Reproducibility of Results

Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

Substrate Specificity

Holography

Teleradiology

Models, Molecular

Base Sequence

Digital Dermatitis

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Nucleosides

Mutation

Escherichia coli

Sensitivity and Specificity

Equipment Design

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Cell Line

Observer Variation

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Protein Binding

Hoof and Claw

Mammography

Cells, Cultured

Catalysis

Raynaud Disease

Cattle

Protein Conformation

Adenosine Triphosphate

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Computers, Analog

Software

Algorithms

Models, Biological

Molecular Conformation

Treatment Outcome

Computers

Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic

Somatostatin

Oxidation-Reduction

Recombinant Proteins

Enzyme Inhibitors

Microscopy

Peptides

Octreotide

DNA

Subtraction Technique

Liver

Binding, Competitive

Computer Systems

Microcomputers

Hydrolysis

Rabbits

Models, Chemical

Photography, Dental

Biotransformation

Phantoms, Imaging