Analgesia obstetrical. Medical search

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; or the POSTPARTUM PERIOD, usually through the administration of ANALGESICS.

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

Pain during the period after surgery.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus - to produce analgesia.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.

Pain associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR in CHILDBIRTH. It is caused primarily by UTERINE CONTRACTION as well as pressure on the CERVIX; BLADDER; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Labor pain mostly occurs in the ABDOMEN; the GROIN; and the BACK.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.

A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

Injection of ANALGESICS; LOCAL ANESTHETICS; or NARCOTICS into the PLEURAL CAVITY between the two pleural membranes.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Mu opioid receptors bind, in decreasing order of affinity, endorphins, dynorphins, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. They have also been shown to be molecular receptors for morphine.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

Period from the onset of true OBSTETRIC LABOR to the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI.

An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors.

Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Surgical incision into the chest wall.

The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are the ENKEPHALINS, the DYNORPHINS, and the ENDORPHINS. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN, respectively. There are also at least three classes of OPIOID RECEPTORS, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way.

A form of acupuncture with electrical impulses passing through the needles to stimulate NERVE TISSUE. It can be used for ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIA; REHABILITATION; and treatment for diseases.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.

An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

An effect usually, but not necessarily, beneficial that is attributable to an expectation that the regimen will have an effect, i.e., the effect is due to the power of suggestion.

Analogs or derivatives of morphine.

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Central gray matter surrounding the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT in the MESENCEPHALON. Physiologically it is probably involved in RAGE reactions, the LORDOSIS REFLEX; FEEDING responses, bladder tonus, and pain.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Excision of the uterus.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

The process by which PAIN is recognized and interpreted by the brain.

The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.

Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.

A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Extraction of the fetus by means of obstetrical instruments.

A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.

Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.

Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.

An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.

Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26)

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.

Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.

A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. Five items - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color - are evaluated 60 seconds after birth and again five minutes later on a scale from 0-2, 0 being the lowest, 2 being normal. The five numbers are added for the Apgar score. A score of 0-3 represents severe distress, 4-7 indicates moderate distress, and a score of 7-10 predicts an absence of difficulty in adjusting to extrauterine life.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The air-dried exudate from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, or its variant, P. album. It contains a number of alkaloids, but only a few - MORPHINE; CODEINE; and PAPAVERINE - have clinical significance. Opium has been used as an analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Kappa opioid receptors bind dynorphins with a higher affinity than endorphins which are themselves preferred to enkephalins.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Delta opioid receptors bind endorphins and enkephalins with approximately equal affinity and have less affinity for dynorphins.

Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.

A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.

An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Sensing of noxious mechanical, thermal or chemical stimuli by NOCICEPTORS. It is the sensory component of visceral and tissue pain (NOCICEPTIVE PAIN).

Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides that are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the adrenal medulla.

The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; OPIOID PEPTIDES is used for the broader group.

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

Trained lay women who provide emotional and/or physical support during obstetric labor and the postpartum period for mothers and their partners.

The period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI to the expulsion of the FETUS.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.

A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.

Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.

Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.

Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)

Procedure in which an individual is induced into a trance-like state to relieve pain. This procedure is frequently performed with local but not general ANESTHESIA.

Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.

The period following a surgical operation.

Replacement of the knee joint.

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.

Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.

A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Surgical removal of a tonsil or tonsils. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

The period during a surgical operation.

One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Maternal intrapartum temperature elevation as a risk factor for cesarean delivery and assisted vaginal delivery. (1/280)

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association of intrapartum temperature elevation with cesarean delivery and assisted vaginal delivery. METHODS: Participants were 1233 nulliparous women with singleton, term pregnancies in vertex presentations who had spontaneous labors and were afebrile (temperature: 99.5 degrees F [37.5 degrees C]) at admission for delivery. Rates of cesarean and assisted vaginal deliveries according to highest intrapartum temperature were examined by epidural status. RESULTS: Women with maximum intrapartum temperatures higher than 99.5 degrees F were 3 times as likely to experience cesarean (25.2% vs 7.2%) or assisted vaginal delivery (25.2% vs 8.5%). The association was present in epidural users and nonusers and persisted after birthweight, epidural use, and labor length had been controlled. In adjusted analyses, temperature elevation was associated with a doubling in the risk of cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 3.4) and assisted vaginal delivery (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4, 3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Modest temperature elevation developing during labor was associated with higher rates of cesarean and assisted vaginal deliveries. More frequent temperature elevation among women with epidural analgesia may explain in part the higher rates of cesarean and assisted vaginal deliveries observed with epidural use. (+info)

Neonatal outcome and mode of delivery after epidural analgesia for labour with ropivacaine and bupivacaine: a prospective meta-analysis. (2/280)

In this prospective meta-analysis, we have evaluated the effect of epidural analgesia with ropivacaine for pain in labour on neonatal outcome and mode of delivery compared with bupivacaine. In six randomized, double-blind studies, 403 labouring women, primigravidae and multiparae, received epidural analgesia with ropivacaine or bupivacaine 2.5 mg ml-1. The drugs were administered as intermittent boluses in four studies and by continuous infusion in two. Apgar scores, neurological and adaptive capacity scores (NACS), degree of motor block and mode of delivery were recorded. The studies were designed prospectively to fit meta-analysis of the pooled results. Results showed similar pain relief and consumption of the two drugs. In the vaginally delivered neonates, NACS scores were approximately equal for both groups at 2 h, but at 24 h there were fewer infants with NACS less than 35 in the ropivacaine compared with the bupivacaine group (2.8% vs 7.6%; P < 0.05). Spontaneous vaginal deliveries occurred more frequently overall with ropivacaine than with bupivacaine (58% vs 49%; P < 0.05) and instrumental deliveries (forceps and vacuum extraction) less frequently (27% vs 40%; P < 0.01), while the frequency of Caesarean section was similar between groups. The intensity of motor block was lower with ropivacaine. There were no significant differences in adverse events. (+info)

Relative analgesic potencies of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor: implications for therapeutic indexes. (3/280)

BACKGROUND: The minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) has been defined as the median effective local analgesic concentration in a 20-ml volume for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. The aim of this study was to assess the relative analgesic potencies of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine by determining their respective minimum local analgesic concentrations. METHODS: Seventy-three parturients at < or = 7 cm cervical dilation who requested epidural analgesia were allocated to one of two groups in this double-blinded, randomized, prospective study. After a lumbar epidural catheter was placed, 20 ml of the test solution was given, either ropivacaine (n = 34) or bupivacaine (n = 39). The concentration of local anesthetic was determined by the response of the previous patient in that group to a higher or lower concentration using up-down sequential allocation. Analgesic efficacy was assessed using 100-mm visual analog pain scores with < or = 10 mm within 30 min defined as effective. An effective result directed a 0.01% wt/vol decrement for the next patient. An ineffective result directed a 0.01% wt/vol increment. RESULTS: The minimum local analgesic concentration of ropivacaine was 0.111% wt/vol (95% confidence interval, 0.100-0.122), and the minimum local analgesic concentration of bupivacaine was 0.067% wt/vol (95% confidence interval, 0.052-0.082). Ropivacaine was significantly less potent than bupivacaine, with a potency ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.74). No difference in motor effects was observed. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine was significantly less potent than bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. (+info)

Lumbar sympathetic blocks speed early and second stage induced labor in nulliparous women. (4/280)

BACKGROUND: Rapid cervical dilation reportedly accompanies lumbar sympathetic blockade, whereas epidural analgesia is associated with slow labor. The authors compared the effects of initial lumbar sympathetic block with those of epidural analgesia on labor speed and delivery mode in this pilot study. METHODS: At a hospital not practicing active labor management, full-term nulliparous patients whose labors were induced randomly received initial lumbar sympathetic block or epidural analgesia. The latter patients received 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%; 50 microg fentanyl; and 100 microg epinephrine epidurally and sham lumbar sympathetic blocks. Patients to have lumbar sympathetic blocks received 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.5%; 25 microg fentanyl; and 50 microg epinephrine bilaterally and epidural catheters. Subsequently, all patients received epidural analgesia. RESULTS: Cervical dilation occurred more quickly (57 vs. 120 min/cm cervical dilation; P = 0.05) during the first 2 h of analgesia in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks (n = 17) than in patients having epidurals (n = 19). The second stage of labor was briefer in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks than in those having epidurals (105 vs. 270 min; P < 0.05). Nine patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals delivered spontaneously, whereas seven patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals had instrument-assisted vaginal deliveries. Cesarean delivery for fetal bradycardia occurred in one patient having lumbar sympathetic block. Cesarean delivery for dystocia occurred in five patients having epidurals compared with no patient having lumbar sympathetic block (P = not significant). Visual analog pain scores differed only at 60 min after block. CONCLUSIONS: Nulliparous parturients having induced labor and receiving initial lumbar sympathetic blocks had faster cervical dilation during the first 2 h of analgesia, shorter second-stage labors, and a trend toward a lower dystocia cesarean delivery rate than did patients having epidural analgesia. The effects of lumbar sympathetic block on labor need to be determined in other patient groups. These results may help define the tocodynamic effects of regional labor analgesia. (+info)

Epidural pain relief in labour: potencies of levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine. (5/280)

We have compared the minimum local analgesic concentrations (MLAC) of levobupivacaine relative to racemic bupivacaine in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sequential allocation study. Women in labour were given a 20-ml bolus of epidural levobupivacaine or bupivacaine diluted to a concentration determined by up-down sequential allocation. The initial concentration was 0.07% w/v for both drugs. Efficacy was defined using a visual analogue pain score (VAPS) at 10 mm or less within 30 min. The MLAC of levobupivacaine was 0.083% w/v (95% CI 0.065-0.101) and the MLAC of bupivacaine 0.081% w/v (95% CI 0.055-0.108). In molar terms, the MLAC of levobupivacaine was 2.87 mmol litre-1 (95% CI 2.25-3.49) and the MLAC of bupivacaine 2.49 mmol litre-1 (95% CI 1.69-3.32). With regard to the commercial preparations, the potency ratio levobupivacaine: bupivacaine was 0.98 (95% CI 0.67-1.41), and this is unlikely to be of clinical relevance. In molar terms, the ratio was 0.87 (95% CI 0.60-1.25). With regard to toxicity, the evidence should be evaluated in the light of a possible 13% potency difference in molar concentration in favour of racemic bupivacaine. (+info)

Epidural analgesia during labor and maternal fever. (6/280)

BACKGROUND: In recent observational studies, epidural analgesia during labor at patient request has been associated with maternal fever. The authors report a secondary analysis of fever in women who were randomized to receive either epidural or patient-controlled intravenous analgesia during labor. METHODS: Maternal tympanic temperature was measured during spontaneous labor in 715 women at term who were randomized to either epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl or to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with meperidine. Intent-to-treat analysis of women with fever (temperature > or = 38.0 degrees C) versus those without was performed using Student t test and Fisher exact test to determine statistical significance (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Epidural analgesia was associated with maternal fever (odds ratio = 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 2.0-7.7), as was nulliparity (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.8-9.1) and labor longer than 12 h (odds ratio = 5.4; 95% confidence interval = 2.9-9.9). These factors were all independent variables for maternal fever when analyzed using logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia is associated with maternal fever. However, nulliparity and dysfunctional labor are also significant cofactors in the fever attributed to epidural analgesia. (+info)

Epidural analgesia in an obstetric patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. (7/280)

We describe the use of epidural analgesia for vaginal delivery of a parturient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in whom the use of repeated magnetic resonance imaging during her obstetric care allowed us to see deep haemangiomata. This also allowed the safe sitting of an epidural catheter at L1-2 to provide analgesia for labour and delivery. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and the anaesthetic implications of the congenital vascular abnormalities and potential coagulopathy are discussed. (+info)

Shivering and shivering-like tremor during labor with and without epidural analgesia. (8/280)

BACKGROUND: Effective treatment and prevention of hyperthermia and shivering-like tremor during labor is hindered by a poor understanding of their causes. The authors sought to identify the incidence of nonthermoregulatory shivering-like tremor and the factors associated with this activity. METHODS: The authors studied women in spontaneous full-term labor who chose epidural analgesia (n = 21) or opioid sedation (n = 31). Shivering-like tremor and sweating were evaluated by observation. Core temperature was recorded in the external auditory canal using a compensated infrared thermometer. Arteriovenous shunt tone was evaluated with forearm minus fingertip skin temperature gradients; gradients less than 0 were considered evidence of vasodilation. Tremor was considered nonthermoregulatory when core temperature exceeded 37 degrees C and the arms were vasodilated. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Shivering-like tremor was observed in 18% of 290, 30-min data-acquisition epochs before delivery. The patients were both normothermic and vasodilated during 15% of these epochs. Shivering was observed in 16% of 116 postdelivery epochs and was nonthermoregulatory in 28%. Sweating was observed in 30% of predelivery epochs, and the patients were both hypothermic and vasoconstricted during 12%. The mean core temperature in patients given epidural analgesia was approximately 0.2 degrees C greater than in those given sedation. Hyperthermia was observed during 10 epochs (38.4+/-0.3 degrees C) during epidural analgesia and during 10 epochs (38.4+/-0.3 degrees C) with sedation. The patients were vasoconstricted in more than 50% of these epochs in each group. Multivariate mixed-effects modeling identified high pain scores and vasoconstriction as significant predictors of shivering. There were no predictors for shivering epochs in patients who were simultaneously normothermic and vasodilated. Significant predictors of sweating were time before delivery, high pain scores, hypothermia with vasoconstriction, high thermal comfort, and low mean skin temperature. There were no predictors for sweating epochs in patients who were simultaneously hypothermic and vasoconstricted. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the clinical impression that some peripartum shivering-like tremor is nonthermoregulatory. The authors also identified nonthermoregulatory sweating. These data indicate that shivering-like tremor and sweating in the peripartum period is multifactorial. (+info)

Bullough J (October 1959). "Use of premixed pethidine and antagonists in obstetrical analgesia; with special reference to cases ... and a very small dose of levallorphan used alongside a full agonist of the MOR can produce greater analgesia than when the ... by opioid analgesics and barbiturates used for induction of surgical anaesthesia whilst maintaining a degree of analgesia (via ... the effects of stronger agents with greater intrinsic activity such as morphine whilst simultaneously producing analgesia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levallorphan

The natural benefits of such labor pains which initially inhibited the practice of obstetrical analgesia, originated from ... Labor analgesia was debated on the grounds of religion and morality, which John Simpson used as his own weapon against ... "Obstetrical Society Of London". The British Medical Journal. 1 (105): 15-17. 1859. JSTOR 25192989. Simpson, J. Y. (1848). " ... In 1921, the first vaginal delivery under spinal analgesia was reported by Kreiss in Germany. George Pitkin is credited with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology

It can also be used as a supplement to balanced anesthesia, for preoperative and postoperative analgesia, and for obstetrical ... analgesia during labor and delivery. However, a 2014 Cochrane Systematic Review concluded that from the included studies, there ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalbuphine

MeSH E03.091.048 - acupuncture analgesia MeSH E03.091.080 - analgesia, epidural MeSH E03.091.110 - analgesia, obstetrical MeSH ... obstetrical MeSH E03.155.441 - cryoanesthesia MeSH E03.155.519 - electroacupuncture MeSH E03.155.675 - hypnosis, anesthetic ... E03.091.120 - analgesia, patient-controlled MeSH E03.091.214 - audioanalgesia MeSH E03.091.646 - neuroleptanalgesia MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E03)

... and some clinicians prefer to use morphine to get a wider spread of analgesia. It is widely used in obstetrical anesthesia ... It is FDA approved to provide four days of analgesia after a single application before surgery. It is not approved for multiple ... Supraspinal analgesia (μ1) Respiratory depression (μ2) Physical dependence Muscle rigidity It produces sedation and spinal ... Sublingual fentanyl dissolves quickly and is absorbed through the sublingual mucosa to provide rapid analgesia. Fentanyl is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl

However, it is approved for use at term in obstetrical anesthesia. Bupivacaine is excreted in breast milk. Risks of stopping ... Mont MA, Beaver WB, Dysart SH, Barrington JW, Del Gaizo DJ (January 2018). "Local Infiltration Analgesia With Liposomal ... It is also contraindicated in obstetrical paracervical blocks and intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier block) because of ... is indicated for acute postsurgical analgesia (pain relief) for up to 24 hours in adults following open inguinal hernia repair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine

"Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain". The Cochrane ... 984 Obstetrical, the very young and the very old are all at greater risk of complication so extra precautions may need to be ... Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro-Janssen AL (September 2012). "Inhaled analgesia for pain management ... It may include some or all of analgesia (relief from or prevention of pain), paralysis (muscle relaxation), amnesia (loss of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

Opioids are a type of analgesia that is commonly used during childbirth to assist in pain relief. They can be injected directly ... Obstetrical procedures, Childbirth, Midwifery, Pain management, Anesthesia, Human pregnancy, Acute pain). ... Water immersion during the first stage of labor may help decrease the need for analgesia and possibly shorten the duration of ... The use of inhaled analgesia is commonly used in the UK, Finland, Australia, Singapore and New Zealand, and is gaining in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_management_during_childbirth

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 60 (10): 663-671. doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000180909.31293.cf. ISSN 0029-7828. PMID 16186783. ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 216-232. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001473. ISSN 1526-7598. PMC 5161642. PMID 27557476. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_in_pregnancy

Some choose to narrow the focus of care to sub-specialize in the provision of cardiac, pediatric, pain, or obstetrical care. ... and ensuring optimal analgesia throughout. Some sub-specialty physician anesthesiologists are an integral member of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia_provision_in_the_United_States

... perform obstetrical assessments, and provide pharmacological pain relief for various conditions. Several sites in Canada have ... analgesia, platelet inhibitors (including nitroglycerin, glucose, nitrous oxide, acetylsalicylic acid, salbutamol, intravenous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramedics_in_Canada

Some family practitioners or general practitioners also perform obstetrical surgery. Obstetrical procedures include cesarean ... Epidural analgesia is a generally safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour, but has been associated with longer ... Epidural analgesia has no statistically significant impact on the risk of caesarean section, and does not appear to have an ... Anim-Somuah M, Smyth RM, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A (May 2018). "Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

Lönnqvist PA (September 2010). "Regional anaesthesia and analgesia in the neonate". Best Practice & Research. Clinical ... Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 59 (5): 379-395. doi:10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026. PMID 15097799. S2CID 25226185. ... so the use of analgesia is advocated. Ordinary procedural pain may be managed in pharmacological and non-pharmacological ways. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision

... use of any analgesia, use of regional analgesia, low five‐minute Apgar score and negative feelings about childbirth experiences ... In addition to preferences related to obstetrical care, a birth plan may include preferences for which individuals should be ... Once created, it is provided to the obstetrical care providers, with the intent of facilitating communication and emotional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthing_classes_and_birth_plans

During her residency, she joined an Obstetrical Team for People to People on a trip to Russia in 1992. Since then, she has ... Analgesia. 123 (3): 739-748. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001389. PMID 27537761. S2CID 8323268. Watters, David A.; Hollands, ... In 1996 McQueen completed her obstetrical anesthesia fellowship at Mayo Clinic. Additionally, she earned a Masters of Public ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_McQueen

... and the Apgar Score: How the Apgar Score Came to Be". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 120 (5): 1060-4. doi:10.1213/ANE. ... Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 - August 7, 1974) was an American physician, obstetrical anesthesiologist and medical researcher, ... and introduced obstetrical considerations to the established field of neonatology. The youngest of three children, Apgar was ... Analgesia. 32 (4): 260-267. PMID 13083014. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.{{cite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Apgar

This turned out to be such a success that two whole wards were soon dedicated to obstetrical and gynaecological patients, and ... Naguib Mahfouz was a prolific author on a wide variety of subjects ranging from urinary and faecal fistulae, spinal analgesia, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Pasha_Mahfouz

December - Robert Gwyn Macfarlane and colleagues publish the first identification of Haemophilia B. American obstetrical ... Analgesia. 32 (4): 260-267. doi:10.1213/00000539-195301000-00041. PMID 13083014. Archived from the original on 2012-11-30. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_in_science

December 2016). "The Management of Myelomeningocele Study: obstetrical outcomes and risk factors for obstetrical complications ... requiring more post-operative analgesia. Return of bowel function was faster with in situ repair. It was found that between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysterotomy

... obstetrical, dental, and pediatric interventions. Programs require study in methods of scientific inquiry and statistics, as ... anesthesia Administering regional anesthesia/analgesia such as spinals and epidurals Placing ultrasound guided blocks for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_Registered_Nurse_Anesthetist

Use of epidural analgesia versus oral analgesia or no analgesia has no effect on the normal length of hospital stay after ... Obstetrical procedures, Dosage forms, Spanish inventions). ... of epidural analgesia procedures. The use of epidural analgesia ... Use of epidural analgesia after surgery in place of systemic analgesia is less likely to decrease intestinal motility which ... In a 2018 Cochrane review of studies which compared epidural analgesia with oral opiates, some advantages of epidural analgesia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_administration

Regional anaesthesia during caesarean section is different from the analgesia (pain relief) used in labor and vaginal delivery ... Elective caesarean sections may be performed on the basis of an obstetrical or medical indication, or because of a medically ... "Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_section

Hispanic women are less likely than either Black or white women to receive epidural analgesia in labor, however it is unclear ... The effects of implicit and explicit provider bias in obstetrical care has been poorly studied and may contribute to disparate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_maternal_health_in_the_United_States

It describes four stages of obstetrical hemorrhage after childbirth and its application reduces maternal mortality. Stage 0: ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 119 (5): 1140-1147. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000450. ISSN 1526-7598. PMID 25329026. S2CID 23461056. ... the aim being to improve shock in a mother with obstetrical bleeding long enough to reach a hospital. External aortic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_bleeding

Facilities that have obstetrical services and emergency rooms and operating facilities, even if smaller, can be used in areas ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 120 (6): 1337-1351. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000705. PMC 4438860. PMID 25988638. Behrman RE, Butler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_viability

Not only is there no analgesia or skilled attendance, but there is no emotional support; on the contrary, the mother's mental ... Bydlowski M, Raoul-Duval A (1978) Un avatar psychique méconnu de la puerperalité: la névrose traumatique post obstétricale. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric_disorders_of_childbirth

Other intrapartum management options, including analgesia/anesthesia, are identical to those of any labour and vaginal delivery ... Obstetrical procedures, Caesarean sections). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delivery_after_previous_caesarean_section

Injection of anesthetic into a nerve for analgesia (05) Operations on sympathetic nerves or ganglia (05.2) Sympathectomy (05.21 ... Pubiotomy to assist delivery Obstetrical symphysiotomy (73.99) Other (74) Cesarean section and removal of fetus (75) Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-9-CM_Volume_3

Wang SM, Kain ZN, White P (February 2008). "Acupuncture analgesia: I. The scientific basis". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (2 ... obstetrical conditions, opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, ... Wang SM, Kain ZN, White PF (February 2008). "Acupuncture analgesia: II. Clinical considerations". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 ... Staud R, Price DD (May 2006). "Mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia for clinical and experimental pain". Expert Review of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupuncture

Other obstetrical/ gynecological causes of similar abdominal pain in women include pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian torsion ... Anderson M, Collins E (November 2008). "Analgesia for children with acute abdominal pain and diagnostic accuracy". Archives of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendicitis

Kampe S, Warm M, Kasper SM, Diefenbach C (July 2003). "Concept for postoperative analgesia after pedicled TRAM flaps: ... obstetrical, and urological operations (spinal/epidural anesthesia) Bone and joint surgery of the pelvis, hip, and leg (spinal/ ... Gow-Gates GA (April 1998). "The Gow-Gates mandibular block: regional anatomy and analgesia". Australian Endodontic Journal. 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic

OBSTETRICAL ANALGESIA-ANESTHESIA WITH METHOXYFLURANE. THURIES, J.; PIETRI, J.; MARX, GERTIE F. ... INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANALGESIA. LIGNOCAINE BLOOD LEVELS. MERRIFIELD, A. J.; CARTER, S. J. ...

https://journals.lww.com/surveyanesthesiology/toc/1966/08000

Use in Postoperative or Obstetrical Analgesia. Duraclon (epidural clonidine) is not recommended for obstetrical, post-partum, ... Epidurally administered clonidine produces dose-dependent analgesia not antagonized by opiate antagonists. The analgesia is ... Successful analgesia, defined as a decrease in either morphine use or Visual Analog Score (VAS) pain, was significantly more ... NOTE: Duraclon® (epidural clonidine) is not recommended for obstetrical, post-partum, or peri-operative pain management. The ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/duraclon-injection.html

... analgesia-specific dosing for Dilaudid, Exalgo(hydromorphone), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, ... Obstetrical analgesia. *Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment ... Patient-controlled analgesia. *Usual concentration, 0.2 mg/mL; demand dose, 0.1-0.2 mg; dose range is 0.05-0.4 mg ... Controlled-release formulation should only be used when continuous analgesia is required over an extended period of time; not ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/dilaudid-hydromorphone-343313

... obstetrical delivery, obstetrical analgesia, opioid analgesia, epidural analgesia, pain measurement, pregnancy, fentanyl, ... Single-dose intrathecal analgesia to control labour pain. Is it a useful alternative to epidural analgesia?. R.G. Minty, Len ... Task Force on Obstetrical Anesthesia. Practice guidelines for obstetrical anesthesia: a report by the American Society of ... Subarachnoid analgesia in advanced labor: a comparison of subarachnoid analgesia and pudendal block in advanced labor: ...

https://www.cfp.ca/content/53/3/437

Analgesia. Anesthesia. Caudal. Obstetrical analgesia. Surgical anesthesia. 1. 1. 1.5. 2. 1. 1.5. 20 to 30. 25 to 30. 15 to 20. ... Paracervical Obstetrical analgesia (each side) 1.5. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 15 to 20. 1 to 5. 3. 3 to 5. 10. 10. 225 to 300. 20 to 100. ... The use of obstetrical anesthesia may increase the need for forceps assistance.. The use of some local anesthetic drug products ... When continuous lumbar or caudal epidural anesthesia is used for non-obstetrical procedures, more drug may be administered if ...

https://www.prescriptiondrugs.com/lidocaine-hydrochloride-and-epinephrine-injection-usp-2/

Palot M, Visseaux H, Botmans C, Pire JC: Epidemiology of complications of obstetrical epidural analgesia [in French]. Cah ... Although epidural analgesia and anesthesia is generally safe, serious adverse events can occur. Because of the large number of ... Incidence of Epidural Hematoma, Infection, and Neurologic Injury in Obstetric Patients with Epidural Analgesia/Anesthesia ... The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of rare but serious problems occurring with epidural analgesia in ...

https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/105/2/394/6716/Incidence-of-Epidural-Hematoma-Infection-and

As a result, "several authors have suggested that obstetrical analgesia started in Edinburgh in 1591," an interpretation that ...

http://www.executedtoday.com/tag/witch-hunt/

This does not exclude the use of Sensorcaine at term for obstetrical anesthesia or analgesia (see Labor and Delivery). ... SEE BOX WARNING REGARDING OBSTETRICAL USE OF 0.75% SENSORCAINE. Sensorcaine is contraindicated for obstetrical paracervical ... and for obstetrical procedures. Only the 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations are indicated for obstetrical anesthesia (see WARNINGS ... Not for obstetrical anesthesia. The duration of anesthesia with Sensorcaine is such that for most indications, a single dose is ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=eb6d8fee-def4-4c96-9972-695e8cea8ea8

Anesthesia, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Anesthesia, Regional Research Interests My main research interest is in clinical and ... and the functionality of epidural analgesia for labor pain relief. ... a variety of topics including the efficacy and mechanism of action of spinal and epidural opioids for production of analgesia ... translational research related to cesarean delivery and labor analgesia as well as maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics and ...

https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/erica-wu

QDOLO is not recommended for obstetrical preoperative medication or for post-delivery analgesia in nursing mothers because its ... Analgesia in humans begins approximately within one hour after administration and reaches a peak in approximately two to three ... In animal models, M1 is up to 6 times more potent than tramadol in producing analgesia and 200 times more potent in μ-opioid ... Tolerance is the need for increasing doses of drugs to maintain a defined effect such as analgesia (in the absence of disease ...

https://www.rxlist.com/qdolo-drug.htm

Alkalinization of Adrenalized Lidocaine in Extending Epidural Analgesia for Extremely Urgent Cesarean Section During Labor: a ... This time remains too long in certain obstetrical emergency situations, notably extremely urgent cesarean sections, which ... The rate of epidural analgesia during labor is about 85% in France. In addition to the comfort provided, epidural analgesia ... Not sure for Initial indication for general anaesthesia defined by the following situations: non-functional epidural analgesia ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/303287/alkalinization-of-adrenalized-lidocaine-in-extending-epidural-analgesia-for-extremely-urgent-cesarean-section-during-labor-a-randomized-controlled-trial/?q=epidural+analgesia&page=4&query=epidural%20analgesia&rnk=24

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Analgesia, Obstetrical, Analgesia, Patient-Controlled, Anesthetics, Combined, Anesthetics, ...

https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-use-of-025-isoflurane-premixed-in-50-nitrous-oxide-and-oxygen

Module 6: Special Topics in Obstetrical Anesthesiology. Maternal Physiology, Cardiac Arrest, and Perimortem Cesarean Delivery. ... Introduction to Multimodal Perineural Analgesia: Basics of Adjuvants. Brian Williams, MD, MBA. ...

https://oakstone.com/regional-anesthesia-and-perioperative-medicine/

When continuous lumbar or caudal epidural anesthesia is used for non-obstetrical procedures, more drug may be administered if ... The maximum recommended dose per 90 minute period of lidocaine hydrochloride for paracervical block in obstetrical patients and ... non-obstetrical patients is 200 mg total. One-half of the total dose is usually administered to each side. Inject slowly five ... Obstetrical Analgesia. (each side). 1.0. 10. 100. Sympathetic Nerve Blocks, e.g. ...

https://www.recallguide.org/drug/a4187-18-single-shot-epidural-18g-tuohy/

01/01/2012 - TRAINING FOR OBSTETRICAL ANALGESIA. The following passage is a report of a hypnotic childbirth preparation program ... Erickson said: When I want a patient to develop an analgesia, Im very likely not to mention this question of analgesia. ... 01/02/2012 - REPLACING REFERENCE STRUCTURE FOR ANALGESIA AND ANAESTHESIA. ...

https://www.ericksoninstitute.it/en/187/erickson-s-voice/

The potential protective effect of mediolateral episiotomy for obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) remains ... Immediate suture of obstetrical tear of the perineum with lesion of the rectum, and JMCA003 - Immediate suture of obstetrical ... epidural analgesia, fetal distress, occiput posterior position, mode of delivery, small for gestational age as a proxy of ... Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Team (EPOPé), Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (U1153), Team ...

https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-022-04396-6

Analgesia, Obstetrical - Preferred Concept UI. M0025020. Scope note. The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS ... do not confuse with ANESTHESIA, OBSTETRICAL; coordinate IM with specific type of analgesia (IM) or analgesic (IM). ... analgesia obstétrica. Scope note:. Eliminación del DOLOR, sin pérdida de CONCIENCIA, durante el TRABAJO DE PARTO, PARTO ... Analgésie obstétricale Entry term(s):. Analgesia, Obstetric. Obstetric Analgesia. Obstetrical Analgesia. Tree number(s):. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=28857&filter=ths_regid&q=D016362

Analgesia, Epidural. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Analgesia, Obstetrical. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Analgesics, Opioid -- ... The patients belonging to group I showed longer duration (15.39 +/- 0.45 hours) of analgesia in comparison to group II patients ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/104800?mode=full

Analgesia, Obstetrical, Hysteroscopy, Infertility, Female, Infertility, Male, Diabetes, Gestational, Adolescent, Puberty, ... Obstetrical and Gynecological, Obstetrics, Obstetric Nursing, Nursing Care, Genetics, Genetic Techniques, 37643, Genetics, ... Obstetrical and Gynecological, Immunologic Techniques, Molecular Biology, 37643, Genetic Techniques, Genetics, Genetic Diseases ... Obstetrical and Gynecological, Obstetrics, Delivery, Obstetric, Congenital Abnormalities, Perinatal Care, Neonatal Nursing, ...

https://bvsalud.org/en/direve/?q=ginecologia+OR+neonatologia&filter=descriptor%3A%22T%C3%A9cnicas+de+Diagn%C3%B3stico+End%C3%B3crino%22+AND+descriptor%3A%22Salud+P%C3%BAblica%22+AND+descriptor%3A%22Salud+de+la+Mujer%22

analgesia, obstetrical (1) * anesthesia, conduction (1) * blood pressure (1) * body temperature (1) ... Intrathecal Sufentanil for Labor Analgesia Does Not Cause a Sympathectomy Edward T. Riley, MD, Dean Walker, MD, Catherine L. ...

https://asa2.silverchair.com/anesthesiology/search-results?f_AllAuthors=Catherine+L.+Hamilton%2C+MD

Obstetrical Analgesia and Anaesthesia.. Track 2:Advancements in Gynecology and Obstetrics The frequence of obesity in adult ...

https://gynecologists.healthconferences.org/call-for-abstracts.php

The control group received only routine obstetrical care during labor. The parturient could request pharmacologic analgesia at ... Applying a physiotherapy protocol to women during the active phase of labor improves obstetrical outcomes: a randomized ... requested pharmacologic analgesia with more significant cervical dilation (5 cm in the control group and 8 cm in the ... as reflected in decreased and delayed use of pharmacologic analgesia and reduced duration of the active phase of labor and ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Duarte,+Geraldo

... and maternal anesthesia and analgesia; and to insure closer observation of the infant during the first minutes of life. mv30_ ... to evaluate the results of obstetrical practices such as induction of labor, elective cesarean section, ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/108259

... didnt approve this medicine for preoperative obstetrical medication or post-delivery analgesia in nursing mothers. ...

https://www.clinicspots.com/blog/tramadol-for-anxiety

EXPAREL should not be used in obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia.. In studies in adults where EXPAREL was injected into ... local analgesia and in adults as an interscalene brachial plexus nerve block to produce postsurgical regional analgesia. Safety ...

https://www.nhmagazine.com/why-non-opioid-pain-management-options-are-a-crucial-part-of-the-patient-experience/

Obstetrical Analgesia use Analgesia, Obstetrical Obstetrical Forceps Obstetrical Nursing Obstetrics Obstetrics and Gynecology ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2011_Alfab-O.htm

Administers anesthesia and/or analgesia for surgical and/or obstetrical procedures. *. Monitors all necessary parameters to ... obstetrical and other anesthesia services. Supports and contributes to the patient-centered care philosophy that every team ...

https://100hires.com/crna-job-description.html

In contrast, a 2007 randomized clinical trial of spinal analgesia versus no analgesia in 74 women showed a significant ... Ultimately, if the obstetrical operator is not experienced or comfortable with vaginal breech deliveries, cesarean delivery may ... Epidural or spinal analgesia also eliminates maternal pain that may cause bearing down and tensing of the abdominal muscles. If ... When analgesia levels similar to that for cesarean delivery are given, it allows relaxation of the anterior abdominal wall, ...

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/262159-overview

Analgesia. *Analgesia, Obstetrical. *Anaphylaxis. *Anesthesia. *Anesthesia, Epidural. *Anesthesia, General. *Anesthesia, ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/61834/Network/ResearchAreas

In cancer patients who received 14 days of clonidine HCl epidural infusion (rate=30 mcg/hr) plus morphine by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), steady state clonidine plasma concentrations of 2.2±1.1 and 2.4±1.4 ng/mL were obtained on dosing days 7 and 14, respectively. (drugs.com)
4 No statistics on use of ITN, patient-controlled analgesia using narcotics, nitrous oxide, or pudendal blocks exist in Canada. (cfp.ca)
Patient Controlled Analgesia / [produced by Medcom, Inc. (edu.au)
Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) - The patient pushes a button and self administers low doses of intravenous narcotic medication via a pump for the relief of pain. (sepainandspinecare.com)

OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and efficacy of single-dose spinal analgesia (intrathecal narcotics [ITN]) during labour. (cfp.ca)
A single dose spinal analgesia (SDSA) has been defined as an alternative method for the cases which are late for epidural labour analgesia. (selcukmedj.org)

QUALITY OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE was searched and the references of 2 systematic reviews and a meta-analysis were reviewed to find articles on obstetric analgesia and pain measurement. (cfp.ca)

The analgesia is limited to the body regions innervated by the spinal segments where analgesic concentrations of clonidine are present. (drugs.com)
Clonidine is thought to produce analgesia at presynaptic and postjunctional alpha-2-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord by preventing pain signal transmission to the brain. (drugs.com)
For analgesia, a mixed spinal-epidural approach was used. (joopm.com)
Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia - An epidural or intrathecal catheter is inserted, and local anesthetic or narcotics are used via a pump to deliver small doses to the spinal nerves. (sepainandspinecare.com)
Combined Spinal Epidural Technique for Labor Analgesia Does Not Delay Recognition of Epidural Catheter Failures: A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Survival Analysis. (uchicago.edu)
Sullivan JT, Grobman WA, Bauchat JR, Scavone BM, Grouper S, McCarthy RJ, Wong CA. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia on the success of external cephalic version for breech presentation. (uchicago.edu)
Longer needles have been shown to be more effective at obtaining CSF for Combined Spinal Analgesia. (imd-corp.com)
The study evaluated success at obtaining CSF, adequacy of analgesia achieved using the combined spinal epidural technique and the occurrence of postdural headaches. (imd-corp.com)
We are now using a Gertie Marx needle for laboring patients who request combined spinal epidural analgesia," concluded Dr. Hamilton. (imd-corp.com)
Epidural and combined spinal epidural (CSE) techniques are both being used to provide maternal analgesia during labor. (imd-corp.com)
Since combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labor is a relatively new technique, there are few studies which have evaluated its complications. (imd-corp.com)
A systemic review of randomised trials has shown that immersion during labour is associated with significant reductions in the use of epidural, spinal, or paracervical analgesia and in women's reports of pain, but highlighted there were insufficient data to determine the outcome from randomised trials of birth in water for women or their infants. (activebirthpools.com)

EXPAREL® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) is indicated for single-dose infiltration in patients aged 6 years and older to produce postsurgical local analgesia and in adults as an interscalene brachial plexus nerve block to produce postsurgical regional analgesia. (nhmagazine.com)
Results from a phase 3, multicenter, controlled trial that compared the postsurgical analgesia efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL 133 mg (10 mL) and placebo in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair. (exparel.com)
Bupivacaine extended release liposome injection for prolonged postsurgical analgesia in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (exparel.com)

Local infiltration analgesia with liposomal bupivacaine improves pain scores and reduces opioid use after total knee arthroplasty: results of a randomized controlled trial. (exparel.com)

Based on my observations in real-world use, I'm confident that the EpiHug device helps ease patient anxiety, decreases the physical burden of nursing staff, and facilitates efficient administration of neuraxial analgesia for obstetrical patients. (epihug.com)
Early compared with late neuraxial analgesia in nulliparous labor induction: a randomized controlled trial. (uchicago.edu)

EXPAREL should not be used in obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. (nhmagazine.com)

A combination of 2.5 mg of bupivacaine, 25 μg of fentanyl, and 250 μg of morphine intrathecally usually provides a 4-hour window of acceptable analgesia for patients without complications not anticipating protracted labour. (cfp.ca)
CONCLUSION Physicians practising modern obstetrics in rural and small urban centres might find single-dose ITN a useful alternative to parenteral or epidural analgesia for appropriately selected patients. (cfp.ca)
The patients belonging to group I showed longer duration (15.39 +/- 0.45 hours) of analgesia in comparison to group II patients (2.46 +/- 0.54 hours). (who.int)
The CRNA provides professional and competent anesthesia care to a wide variety of patients from neonatal through lifespan population, requiring surgical, obstetrical and other anesthesia services. (100hires.com)
The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative evaluation and treatment of patients who are rendered unconscious and/or insensible to pain and emotional stress during surgical, obstetrical, radiological therapeutic and diagnostic or other medical procedures and participation in the overall coordination of care. (asahq.org)
The shorter needle is clearly inadequate for many patients," noted Dr. Catherine L. Hamilton, Fellow in Obstetrical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, California. (imd-corp.com)
Seven patients requested additional analgesia within 30 minutes (three in the Sprotte group, and four in the Gertie Marx group). (imd-corp.com)
A retrospective review of all charts of patients who received labor analgesia during the six month period from July 1994-January 1995 was completed. (imd-corp.com)

Les critères d'inclusion étaient être opérée pour césarienne en chirurgie programmée ou en urgence relative, être sous rachianesthésie réalisée avec l'association bupivacaïne, fentanyl et morphine. (bvsalud.org)
Le protocole bupivacaïne-fentanyl-morphine en intrathécal procure une analgésie efficace et durable. (bvsalud.org)

Obstetrical Analgesia and Anaesthesia. (healthconferences.org)

We retrospectively reviewed all cases of CSE and epidural analgesia for labor at our institution during a six- month period, to compare the safety and efficacy of these two currently used techniques. (imd-corp.com)

NOTE: Duraclon ® (epidural clonidine) is not recommended for obstetrical, post-partum, or peri-operative pain management. (drugs.com)

Most commonly used for obstetrical procedures and for postoperative pain in the lower body. (sepainandspinecare.com)

Five journals (Anesthesiology, Anesthesia & Analgesia, British Journal of Anesthesia, Anesthesia , and Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica ) were hand-searched from mid-1999 to 2005. (asahq.org)

Interpleural Analgesia" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)

Providing high-quality analgesia for Canadian women in labour in small community hospitals is a challenge. (cfp.ca)
This study was undertaken to present our experiences on SDSA for multiparous parturients who attended to the obstetrical ward during the advanced stages of labour and requested analgesia. (selcukmedj.org)
The method of SDSA was sufficient in 87.5% of multiparous parturient who requested labour analgesia at the advanced stages of labour. (selcukmedj.org)

This time remains too long in certain obstetrical emergency situations, notably extremely urgent cesarean sections, which require frequent recourse to general anesthesia to compensate for this length of nerve block installation. (centerwatch.com)

Benefits described in randomized trials include shortened labor, decreased need for analgesia, fewer operative deliveries, and fewer reports of dissatisfaction with the experience of labor. (thepainteddoula.com)

The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of rare but serious problems occurring with epidural analgesia in obstetric practice, namely epidural hematoma, epidural infection, and persistent and transient neurologic injuries. (asahq.org)
In current obstetrical practice, the use of forceps has become much less common. (medscape.com)

The files of 48 multiparous parturients who applied for SDSA method for labor analgesia between 1 January and 30 July 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. (selcukmedj.org)

Alkalinization of Adrenalized Lidocaine in Extending Epidural Analgesia for Extremely Urgent Cesarean Section During Labor: a Randomized Controlled Trial. (centerwatch.com)
The rate of epidural analgesia during labor is about 85% in France. (centerwatch.com)

Cherkab R, Lazraq M, Elhafid Z, Haddad W, Elkettani C and Barrou L. Postoperative epidural analgesia in thoracic surgery: continuous administration by electric push-syringe diffusion versus elastomeric diffuser . (hoajonline.com)

Currently, many obstetrical training programs in North America struggle to teach forceps delivery. (medscape.com)

provides you with a valuable resource during these stressful times-skilled, familiar doula personnel who have worked with your hospital for 10+ years and are familiar with your nursing and obstetrical staff, policies, procedures and safety measures. (thepainteddoula.com)

Data for superficial and deep infections, hematoma, and transient and permanent neurologic injury were obtained from studies reporting adverse events with obstetric epidural analgesia, and incidence presented as individual risk for a woman, number of events per million women, and percentage incidence. (asahq.org)
Although epidural analgesia and anesthesia is generally safe, serious adverse events can occur. (asahq.org)

The history of obstetrical forceps is long and, often, colorful. (medscape.com)

However, in a rare obstetrical, post-partum or peri-operative patient, potential benefits may outweigh the possible risks. (drugs.com)

[ 1 ] With contemporary obstetrical management, morbidity rates no longer increase with longer labors if fetal surveillance is reassuring. (medscape.com)

Is it a useful alternative to epidural analgesia? (cfp.ca)

Anatomy9

Organisms1

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment66

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes16

Named Groups1

Health Care16

Maternal intrapartum temperature elevation as a risk factor for cesarean delivery and assisted vaginal delivery. (1/280)

Neonatal outcome and mode of delivery after epidural analgesia for labour with ropivacaine and bupivacaine: a prospective meta-analysis. (2/280)

Relative analgesic potencies of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor: implications for therapeutic indexes. (3/280)

Lumbar sympathetic blocks speed early and second stage induced labor in nulliparous women. (4/280)

Epidural pain relief in labour: potencies of levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine. (5/280)

Epidural analgesia during labor and maternal fever. (6/280)

Epidural analgesia in an obstetric patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. (7/280)

Shivering and shivering-like tremor during labor with and without epidural analgesia. (8/280)

Analgesia

Analgesia, Epidural

Analgesia, Obstetrical

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled

Analgesics, Opioid

Pain, Postoperative

Morphine

Pain Measurement

Bupivacaine

Anesthetics, Local

Acupuncture Analgesia

Fentanyl

Analgesics

Anesthesia, Epidural

Meperidine

Labor Pain

Sufentanil

Pain

Nerve Block

Injections, Spinal

Labor, Obstetric

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Amides

Anesthesia, Spinal

Tramadol

Double-Blind Method

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Naloxone

Cesarean Section

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Pain Threshold

Interpleural Analgesia

Drug Tolerance

Receptors, Opioid, mu

Anesthesia, General

Conscious Sedation

Ketorolac

Labor Stage, First

Hydromorphone

Lidocaine

Pain Management

Anesthesia, Caudal

Clonidine

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Ketamine

Femoral Nerve

Receptors, Opioid

Pregnancy

Pirinitramide

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Butorphanol

Alfentanil

Nalbuphine

Narcotic Antagonists

Anesthetics, Combined

Anesthesia, Conduction

Thoracotomy

Opioid Peptides

Electroacupuncture

Mepivacaine

Pruritus

Ketoprofen

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Placebo Effect

Morphine Derivatives

Hyperalgesia

Prospective Studies

Anesthesia, Local

Periaqueductal Gray

Nitrous Oxide

Pentazocine

Postoperative Care

Dexmedetomidine

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Hysterectomy

Piperidines

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Brachial Plexus

Pain, Intractable

Oxycodone