Analgesia. Medical search

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; or the POSTPARTUM PERIOD, usually through the administration of ANALGESICS.

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

Pain during the period after surgery.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus - to produce analgesia.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.

Pain associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR in CHILDBIRTH. It is caused primarily by UTERINE CONTRACTION as well as pressure on the CERVIX; BLADDER; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Labor pain mostly occurs in the ABDOMEN; the GROIN; and the BACK.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.

A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

Injection of ANALGESICS; LOCAL ANESTHETICS; or NARCOTICS into the PLEURAL CAVITY between the two pleural membranes.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Mu opioid receptors bind, in decreasing order of affinity, endorphins, dynorphins, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. They have also been shown to be molecular receptors for morphine.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

Period from the onset of true OBSTETRIC LABOR to the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI.

An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors.

Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Surgical incision into the chest wall.

The endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity. The three major classes currently recognized are the ENKEPHALINS, the DYNORPHINS, and the ENDORPHINS. Each of these families derives from different precursors, proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN, respectively. There are also at least three classes of OPIOID RECEPTORS, but the peptide families do not map to the receptors in a simple way.

A form of acupuncture with electrical impulses passing through the needles to stimulate NERVE TISSUE. It can be used for ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIA; REHABILITATION; and treatment for diseases.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.

An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

An effect usually, but not necessarily, beneficial that is attributable to an expectation that the regimen will have an effect, i.e., the effect is due to the power of suggestion.

Analogs or derivatives of morphine.

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Central gray matter surrounding the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT in the MESENCEPHALON. Physiologically it is probably involved in RAGE reactions, the LORDOSIS REFLEX; FEEDING responses, bladder tonus, and pain.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Excision of the uterus.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.

A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.

The process by which PAIN is recognized and interpreted by the brain.

The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.

Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.

A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Extraction of the fetus by means of obstetrical instruments.

A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.

Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.

Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.

An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.

Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26)

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.

Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.

A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. Five items - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color - are evaluated 60 seconds after birth and again five minutes later on a scale from 0-2, 0 being the lowest, 2 being normal. The five numbers are added for the Apgar score. A score of 0-3 represents severe distress, 4-7 indicates moderate distress, and a score of 7-10 predicts an absence of difficulty in adjusting to extrauterine life.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The air-dried exudate from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, or its variant, P. album. It contains a number of alkaloids, but only a few - MORPHINE; CODEINE; and PAPAVERINE - have clinical significance. Opium has been used as an analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Kappa opioid receptors bind dynorphins with a higher affinity than endorphins which are themselves preferred to enkephalins.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Delta opioid receptors bind endorphins and enkephalins with approximately equal affinity and have less affinity for dynorphins.

Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.

A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.

An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Sensing of noxious mechanical, thermal or chemical stimuli by NOCICEPTORS. It is the sensory component of visceral and tissue pain (NOCICEPTIVE PAIN).

Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

One of the three major families of endogenous opioid peptides. The enkephalins are pentapeptides that are widespread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the adrenal medulla.

The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; OPIOID PEPTIDES is used for the broader group.

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

Trained lay women who provide emotional and/or physical support during obstetric labor and the postpartum period for mothers and their partners.

The period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI to the expulsion of the FETUS.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.

A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.

Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.

Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.

Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)

Procedure in which an individual is induced into a trance-like state to relieve pain. This procedure is frequently performed with local but not general ANESTHESIA.

Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.

The period following a surgical operation.

Replacement of the knee joint.

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.

Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.

A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Surgical removal of a tonsil or tonsils. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

The period during a surgical operation.

One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Relative efficacy of 32P and 89Sr in palliation in skeletal metastases. (1/1002)

32p and 89Sr have been shown to produce significant pain relief in patients with skeletal metastases from advanced cancer. Clinically significant pancytopenia has not been reported in doses up to 12 mCi (444 MBq) of either radionuclide. To date, no reports comparing the relative efficacy and toxicity of the two radionuclides in comparable patient populations have been available. Although a cure has not been reported, both treatments have achieved substantial pain relief. However, several studies have used semiquantitative measures such as "slight," "fair," "partial" and "dramatic" responses, which lend themselves to subjective bias. This report examines the responses to treatment with 32P or 89Sr by attempting a quantification of pain relief and quality of life using the patients as their own controls and compares toxicity in terms of hematological parameters. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with skeletal metastases were treated for pain relief with either 32P (16 patients) or 89Sr (15 patients). Inclusion criteria were pain from bone scan-positive sites above a subjective score of 5 of 10 despite analgesic therapy with narcotic or non-narcotic medication, limitation of movement related to the performance of routine daily activity and a predicted life expectancy of at least 4 mo. The patients had not had chemotherapy or radiotherapy during the previous 6 wk and had normal serum creatinine, white cell and platelet counts. 32P was given orally as a 12 mCi dose, and 89Sr was given intravenously as a 4 mCi (148 MBq) dose. The patients were monitored for 4 mo. RESULTS: Complete absence of pain was seen in 7 of 16 patients who were given 32P and in 7 of 15 patients who were given 89Sr. Pain scores fell by at least 50% of the pretreatment score in 14 of 16 patients who were given 32P and 14 of 15 patients who were given 89Sr. Mean duration of pain relief was 9.6 wk with 32P and 10 wk with 89Sr. Analgesic scores fell along with the drop in pain scores. A fall in total white cell, absolute granulocyte and platelet counts occurred in all patients. Subnormal values of white cells and platelets were seen in 5 and 7 patients, respectively, with 32P, and in 0 and 4 patients, respectively, after 89Sr therapy. The decrease in platelet count (but not absolute granulocyte count) was statistically significant when 32P patients were compared with 89Sr patients. However, in no instance did the fall in blood counts require treatment. Absolute granulocyte counts did not fall below 1000 in any patient. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of either efficacy or toxicity. CONCLUSION: No justification has been found in this study for the recommendation of 89Sr over the considerably less expensive oral 32P for the palliation of skeletal pain from metastases of advanced cancer. (+info)

Characterization of socio-psychological stress-induced antinociception in the formalin test in mice. (2/1002)

The antinociceptive effect induced by exposure to socio-psychological (PSY) stress using a communication box was assessed by the formalin test in mice, compared with those by exposure to footshock (FS) stress and forced swimming (SW) stress. After the termination of stress exposure, whereas exposure to FS- and SW-stress resulted in the attenuation of the formalin-induced biphasic pain response over 15 min, no appreciable antinociceptive effect was found in the case of PSY stress. When exposure to PSY stress was started during the period of early or late phase of pain after the formalin injection, the antinociceptive effect was maintained for 5-15 min; however, further exposure to PSY stress was not effective for producing antinociception. In the tail-pinch test, likewise, exposure to PSY stress longer than 5 min rather decreased the intensity of antinociception. We conclude that PSY stress in this tonic pain paradigm produces antinociception, but further continuous exposure to the emotional stress caused mice to become recuperative even in such a fear-inducing situation. (+info)

Morbidity and cost-effectiveness analysis of outpatient analgesia versus general anaesthesia for testicular sperm extraction in men with azoospermia due to defects in spermatogenesis. (3/1002)

The outcome and costs of testicular sperm extraction under outpatient local analgesia or general anaesthesia were compared in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Nineteen consecutive patients were allocated to receive general anaesthesia, while the subsequent 21 consecutive patients received outpatient analgesia in the form of i.v. midazolam sedation, lignocaine spray, scrotal infiltration with local anaesthetic and spermatic cord block. Blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate were determined. Sedation and testicular pain were assessed by subjective scoring. Both groups showed haemodynamic stability with little alteration in blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation. Toxic symptoms of local anaesthetic were not encountered in the outpatient group. No relationship was found between testicular size and the duration of the operation. The median postoperative pain intensity, sedation scores and analgesic requirements were significantly less in the outpatient group (P < 0.05). These advantages led to a shorter recovery time (P < 0.0001), 3-fold cheaper care and greater patient satisfaction (P < 0.0001) in the outpatient group. (+info)

Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. (4/1002)

BACKGROUND: Day-case surgery is of great value to patients and the health service. It enables many more patients to be treated properly, and faster than before. Newer, less invasive, operative techniques will allow many more procedures to be carried out. There are many elements to successful day-case surgery. Two key components are the effectiveness of the control of pain after the operation, and the effectiveness of measures to minimise postoperative nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVES: To enable those caring for patients undergoing day-case surgery to make the best choices for their patients and the health service, this review sought the highest quality evidence on: (1) the effectiveness of the control of pain after an operation; (2) the effectiveness of measures to minimise postoperative nausea and vomiting. METHODS: Full details of the search strategy are presented in the report. RESULTS - ANALGESIA: The systematic reviews of the literature explored whether different interventions work and, if they do work, how well they work. A number of conclusions can be drawn. RESULTS-ANALGESIA, INEFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS: There is good evidence that some interventions are ineffective. They include: (1) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in acute postoperative pain; (2) the use of local injections of opioids at sites other than the knee joint; (3) the use of dihydrocodeine, 30 mg, in acute postoperative pain (it is no better than placebo). RESULTS-ANALGESIA, INTERVENTIONS OF DOUBTFUL VALUE: Some interventions may be effective but the size of the effect or the complication of undertaking them confers no measurable benefit over conventional methods. Such interventions include: (1) injecting morphine into the knee joint after surgery: there is a small analgesic benefit which may last for up to 24 hours but there is no clear evidence that the size of the benefit is of any clinical value; (2) manoeuvres to try and anticipate pain by using pre-emptive analgesia; these are no more effective than standard methods; (3) administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by injection or per rectum in patients who can swallow; this appears to be no more effective than giving NSAIDs by mouth and, indeed, may do more harm than good; (4) administering codeine in single doses; this has poor analgesic efficacy. RESULTS-ANALGESIA, INTERVENTIONS OF PROVEN VALUE: These include a number of oral analgesics including (at standard doses): (1) dextropropoxyphene; (2) tramadol; (3) paracetamol; (4) ibuprofen; (5) diclofenac. Diclofenac and ibuprofen at standard doses give analgesia equivalent to that obtained with 10 mg of intramuscular morphine. Each will provide at least 50% pain relief from a single oral dose in patients with moderate or severe postoperative pain. Paracetamol and codeine combinations also appear to be highly effective, although there is little information on the standard doses used in the UK. The relative effectiveness of these analgesics is compared in an effectiveness 'ladder' which can inform prescribers making choices for individual patients, or planning day-case surgery. Dose-response relationships show that higher doses of ibuprofen may be particularly effective. Topical NSAIDs (applied to the skin) are effective in minor injuries and chronic pain but there is no obvious role for them in day-case surgery. RESULTS-POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING: The proportion of patients who may feel nauseated or vomit after surgery is very variable, despite similar operations and anaesthetic techniques. Systematic review can still lead to clear estimations of effectiveness of interventions. Whichever anti-emetic is used, the choice is often between prophylactic use (trying to prevent anyone vomiting) and treating those people who do feel nauseated or who may vomit. Systematic reviews of a number of different anti-emetics show clearly that none of the anti-emetics is sufficiently effective to be used for prophylaxis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATE (+info)

Dextromethorphan and pain after total abdominal hysterectomy. (5/1002)

Dextromethorphan is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist which has been shown to inhibit the development of cutaneous secondary hyperalgesia after tissue trauma. We studied 60 ASA I-II patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients received either dextromethorphan 27 mg capsules, two doses before operation and three doses in the first 24 h after operation, or placebo. Visual analogue pain scores (VAS) at 24 and 48 h were assessed at rest, on coughing and on sitting up, and were not significantly different between groups. Morphine consumption from a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device was also not significantly different between groups. Evidence of secondary hyperalgesia was assessed with von Frey hairs 10 cm above the Pfannenstiel incision. Both groups of patients exhibited evidence of secondary hyperalgesia after 24 and 48 h but there were no significant differences between groups. There was also no difference between groups in VAS scores at 1 month. (+info)

Role of potassium channels in the antinociception induced by agonists of alpha2-adrenoceptors. (6/1002)

1. The effect of the administration of pertussis toxin (PTX) as well as modulators of different subtypes of K+ channels on the antinociception induced by clonidine and guanabenz was evaluated in the mouse hot plate test. 2. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.25 microg per mouse i.c.v.) 7 days before the hot-plate test, prevented the antinociception induced by both clonidine (0.08-0.2 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and guanabenz (0.1-0.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.). 3. The administration of the K(ATP) channel openers minoxidil (10 microg per mouse, i.c.v.), pinacidil (25 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) and diazoxide (100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) potentiated the antinociception produced by clonidine and guanabenz whereas the K(ATP) channel blocker gliquidone (6 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) prevented the alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist-induced analgesia. 4. Pretreatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) to mKv1.1, a voltage-gated K+ channel, at the dose of 2.0 nmol per single i.c.v. injection, prevented the antinociception induced by both clonidine and guanabenz in comparison with degenerate oligonucleotide (dODN)-treated mice. 5. The administration of the Ca2+-gated K+ channel blocker apamin (0.5-2.0 ng per mouse, i.c.v.) never modified clonidine and guanabenz analgesia. 6. At the highest effective doses, none of the drugs used modified animals' gross behaviour nor impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota-rod test. 7. The present data demonstrate that both K(ATP) and mKv1.1 K+ channels represent an important step in the transduction mechanism underlying central antinociception induced by activation of alpha2 adrenoceptors. (+info)

Tenoxicam and paracetamol-codeine combination after oral surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (7/1002)

We studied 90 adults undergoing surgical removal of at least both lower third molar teeth as day cases under standardized general anaesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly (with stratification for surgeon) to receive tenoxicam 40 mg, tenoxicam 20 mg or placebo i.v. at induction of anaesthesia and orally (effervescent tablets) with food on each of the subsequent 2 days. Panadeine (paracetamol 500 mg-codeine 8 mg) was given before operation and was available as needed for pain thereafter, to a limit of two tablets every 4 h. Nefopam i.v. was also available. Efficacy variables and adverse reactions were assessed over 6 days. Over the 6-day period, patients who received tenoxicam reported less pain on rest (area under the curve; P < 0.05) and less disturbance in sleep (P < 0.01) even though they used fewer Panadeine tablets (P < 0.05). Differences between tenoxicam 40 mg and 20 mg were not significant. There was no significant difference in nefopam requirements or side effects, and no adverse event attributable to the study medication. (+info)

Somatotopic activation of opioid systems by target-directed expectations of analgesia. (8/1002)

We induced specific expectations of analgesia on four different parts of the body to understand how endogenous opioid systems are activated by expectancies. The left hand, right hand, left foot, and right foot were simultaneously stimulated by means of a subcutaneous injection of capsaicin, which produces a painful burning sensation. Specific expectations of analgesia were induced by applying a placebo cream on one of these body parts and by telling the subjects that it was a powerful local anesthetic. In such a way, expectancy of the anesthetic effect was directed only toward the part on which the placebo cream was applied. We found that a placebo analgesic response occurred only on the treated part, whereas no variation in pain sensitivity was found on the untreated parts. If the same experiment was performed after an intravenous infusion of the opioid antagonist naloxone, this highly spatial-specific placebo response was totally abolished, indicating that it was completely mediated by endogenous opioid systems. These findings show that a spatially directed expectation of pain reduction is capable of inducing a specific effect only on the part of the body which is the target of the expectation. Most important, this specific effect is mediated by endogenous opioids, indicating that placebo-activated opioids do not act on the entire body but only on the part where expectancy is directed. This suggests that a highly organized and somatotopic network of endogenous opioids links expectation, attention, and body schema. (+info)

... is a practice aimed at reducing short- and long-term post-surgery pain. Activity in the body's pain ... It is not known whether reducing post-operative sensitization by the use of preventive analgesia will affect the likelihood of ... The types of nerve activity targeted in preventive analgesia include pre-surgery pain, all pain-system activity caused during ... Katz J & Clarke H (2008). "Preventive analgesia and beyond: Current status, evidence and future directions". In Macintyre PE, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preventive_analgesia

... is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering anesthesia, pain management, and perioperative ... "Anesthesia & Analgesia". 2015 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2015. Official website ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia_&_Analgesia

Regional analgesia Local analgesia Campoy, Luis; Read, Matt (2012). Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia. John Wiley ... Infiltration analgesia is deposition of an analgesic drug close to the apex of a tooth so that it can diffuse to reach the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration_analgesia

... is an antinociceptive treatment that prevents the sensing of a change of state in nociceptors which would ... Despite controversy that mainly centers around the definition of the term preemptive analgesia, a clear change in opinion has ... Nature 1983; 308: 686-8Woolf, CJ Igor Kissin; "Preemptive Analgesia". Anesthesiology 2000;93(4):1138-1143. Retrieved 7 May 2018 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemptive_analgesia

... occurs when the administration of placebos leads to pain relief. Because placebos by definition lack active ... However, it is also possible for placebo analgesia to be mediated by non-opioid mechanisms, in which case it would not be ... It has been shown that, in some cases, the endogenous opioid system is critical for mediating placebo analgesia, as evidenced ... Common to-be conditioned stimuli in studies investigating analgesia are various coloured lights, e.g., blue, and orange and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo_analgesia

A relative analgesia machine is used by dentists to induce inhalation sedation in their patients. It delivers a mixture of ... Instead the relative analgesia machine is designed for the light form of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, where the patient is ... A relative analgesia machine is simpler than an anaesthetic machine, as it does not feature the additional medical ventilator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_analgesia_machine

... is the phenomenon where concurrent touch and pain on the skin reduces the intensity of pain that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_induced_analgesia

... (PCA) is any method of allowing a person in pain to administer their own pain relief. The infusion ... Babl F, Barnett P, Palmer G, Oakley E, Davidson A (2007). "A pilot study of inhaled methoxyflurane for procedural analgesia in ... When used for labor analgesia, the Analgizer allows labor to progress normally and with no apparent adverse effect on Apgar ... The Analgizer was widely utilized for analgesia and sedation until the early 1970s, in a manner that foreshadowed the patient- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient-controlled_analgesia

It provides no analgesia, as a result, it was commonly used with fentanyl for effective PSA prior to propofol and etomidate. ... Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is a technique in which a sedating/dissociative medication is given, usually along with ... Fentanyl provides analgesia and sedative properties; it does not have any amnestic effects. It was commonly used with midazolam ... Ketamine has sedative, analgesic, and amnestic properties, but most of its uses today are focused on analgesia. Some of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedation_and_analgesia

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official scientific publication of the ACVAA, ECVAA, and the Association of ... In 2012, recognizing the pivotal role of the specialty in treating pain in animals, the ACVA added "analgesia" to the name of ... Members of the ACVAA are sought for their expert opinion on matters related to veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. They may be ... The American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (ACVAA) is one of the veterinary specialist colleges recognized by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_College_of_Veterinary_Anesthesia_and_Analgesia

The name of the College was changed to the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia (ECVAA) in 2007. In order ... The European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia (ECVAA) is one of 25 veterinary specialist colleges recognized by ... American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Official website (Articles with short description, Short description ... analgesia and intensive care co-ordinated by an ECVAA Diplomate, (3) have published two peer-reviewed articles in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_College_of_Veterinary_Anaesthesia_and_Analgesia

Analgesia. 123 (6): 1463-1468. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001590. PMID 27644057. S2CID 13452428. (Webarchive template wayback ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoperative_fasting

Walker JM, Huang SM (2002). "Cannabinoid analgesia". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 95 (2): 127-135. doi:10.1016/S0163-7258(02) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_use_and_trauma

Virginia Apgar and the Apgar Score: How the Apgar Score Came to Be". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 120 (5): 1060-1064. doi:10.1213/ ... and it was then published in Anesthesia and Analgesia in 1953. In 1955, efforts to establish a scientific basis to the score ... Analgesia. 32 (4): 260-7. doi:10.1213/00000539-195301000-00041. PMID 13083014. Gonzales GF, Salirrosas A (September 2005). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apgar_score

"Nitrous Oxide Analgesia for Childbirth". Pregnancy.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. O'Connor RE; Brady W; Brooks ... Faddy, S. C.; Garlick, S. R. (1 December 2005). "A systematic review of the safety of analgesia with 50% nitrous oxide: can lay ... Today, the gas is administered in hospitals by means of an automated relative analgesia machine, with an anaesthetic vaporiser ... Berkowitz BA, Finck AD, Hynes MD, Ngai SH (1979). "Tolerance to nitrous oxide analgesia in rats and mice". Anesthesiology. 51 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide

Analgesia. 95 (4): 1125. doi:10.1097/00000539-200210000-00076. Iserson KV (1987). "The origins of the gauge system for medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_gauge

Analgesia. 122 (1): 70-78. doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001009. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 26516798. S2CID 41023659. Struys, Michel M. R ... Analgesia. 107 (2): 494-506. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31817b859e. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 18633028. S2CID 8125002. Bowdle, T. Andrew ... Analgesia. 122 (1): 56-69. doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001008. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 26516804. S2CID 39391491. Morton, Neil S. ( ... Analgesia. 110 (2): 442-448. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c6b9ca. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 19955510. S2CID 14304084. Sepúlveda V., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_intravenous_anaesthesia

Analgesia. 101 (3): 930. doi:10.1097/00000539-200509000-00078. Doyle, D. John (2005). "The Airway Cam™ guide to intubation and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Levitan

Hepner, David L.; Castells, Mariana C. (April 2003). "Latex Allergy: An Update". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 96 (4): 1219-1229. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_allergy

Analgesia. 108 (5): 1662-1670. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d6562. PMID 19372352. S2CID 5521326. Dougherty C, Dougherty JJ ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_trochanteric_pain_syndrome

Burns WB, Eger EI (August 2011). "Ross C. Terrell, PhD, an anesthetic pioneer". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 113 (2): 387-9. doi: ... Analgesia. 82 (3): 528-532. doi:10.1213/00000539-199603000-00018. ISSN 0003-2999. Smith, Ian; Ding, Yifeng; White, Paul F. ( ... Analgesia. 130 (2): 360-366. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004093. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 30882520. Sloan, Mark H.; Conard, Pattilyn ... Analgesia. San Francisco, CA: International Anesthesia Research Society. 111 (1): 92-98. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e058d7. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevoflurane

Di-ethyl ether analgesia: a detailed description of the first stage of ether analgesia in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1954, 111, ... 1st plane The patient does not experience amnesia or analgesia 2nd plane The patient is completely amnesic but experiences only ... Stage I (stage of analgesia or disorientation): from beginning of induction of general anesthesia to loss of consciousness. ... partial analgesia 3rd plane The patient has complete analgesia and amnesia Oropharyngeal airway Anesthetic agents Instruments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guedel's_classification

Analgesia. 93 (1): 134-141. doi:10.1097/00000539-200107000-00028. PMID 11429354. S2CID 30026609. Retrieved 14 Apr 2009. Hawkins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unassisted_childbirth

Analgesia. "Beadle v. Allis". Court of Appeals of Michigan. October 27, 1987. "Deaths". Lansing State Journal. September 8, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Allis

Analgesia. 123 (3): 739-748. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001389. PMID 27537761. S2CID 8323268. Watters, David A.; Hollands, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_McQueen

Analgesia. 90 (6): 1301-1307. doi:10.1097/00000539-200006000-00008. S2CID 44936158.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornipressin

2001). "Survival After Failed Intraoperative Resuscitation: A Case of "Lazarus Syndrome"". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 92 (3): 690- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_syndrome

If they are injected with morphine-HCL, this produces a dose-dependent analgesia by increasing the intensity threshold to the ... One study on the effects of a danger stimulus on the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus reported this induces opioid analgesia, ... Sladky, K.K. & Mans, C. (2012). "Clinical analgesia in reptiles". Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 21 (2): 158-167. doi:10.1053/ ... Machin, K.L. (1999). "Amphibian pain and analgesia". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 30 (1): 2-10. JSTOR 20095815. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans

Collis, R. E.; Harries, S. E. (July 2005). "A subdural abscess and infected blood patch complicating regional analgesia for ... Analgesia. 127 (6): 1434-1439. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000003734. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 30169405. S2CID 52142441. Shaat, Ahmed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-dural-puncture_headache

Part I". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 111 (1): 120-128. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181da832d. PMID 20442260. S2CID 207132635. Naguib M, ... Part II". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 111 (1): 129-140. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181da8312. PMID 20442261. S2CID 23738174. Cammu G, ... Brull SJ, Naguib M, Miller RD (2008). "Residual Neuromuscular Block: Rediscovering the Obvious". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 107 (1 ... Analgesia. 98 (6): 1686-1691. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000113544.21754.a5. PMID 15155329. S2CID 20439614. Davis L, Britten JJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_residual_curarization

Anaesthesia/Analgesia. Check the box in front of the titles you wish to view, print or save as one document. Choose "View ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11268&catId=32741&ind=1

Паллиативная помощь признана неотъемлемой частью всеобщего охвата услугами здравоохранения и, наряду с профилактикой, укреплением здоровья, лечением и реабилитацией, является ключевой стратегией обеспечения и поддержания ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?locale-attribute=pt&authority=Pain+Management&type=mesh

... a survey to explore the perspectives and opinions of anesthetists with regard to opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia. ... It is worth noting that multimodal analgesia does not need to be opioid-free, but has the objective of minimising the side ... Leadership and/or more specific guidelines for the application of multimodal analgesia will help my practice. 79.3%. + 10.3%. ... Do you think the strength of evidence is a priority in determining the use of opioid-sparing analgesia?. 89.3%. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/989179

Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is ... Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. Each monthly issue features peer-reviewed ... your gateway to everything that is happening in anesthesia and 14 related subspecialties: Analgesia; Ambulatory Anesthesia; ... Anesthesia & Analgesia. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and ...

https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/pages/default.aspx

Spinal Analgesia in Operative Obstetrics Br Med J 1946; 1 :332 doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4443.332-b ... Spinal Analgesia in Operative Obstetrics. Br Med J 1946; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.4443.332-b (Published 02 March ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/1/4443/332.3/rapid-responses

Read medical definition of Patient controlled analgesia ... Definition of Patient controlled analgesia. *Medical Editor: ...

https://www.rxlist.com/patient_controlled_analgesia/definition.htm

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=pt&authority=Pain+Management&type=mesh

Epidural analgesia is a type of pain relief. It is a way of putting pain medication close to the body part that hurts and is ... Epidural analgesia is a type of pain relief. Epidural analgesia is an important part of the overall plan for your childs pain ... Epidural analgesia is a way of putting pain medication close to the body part that hurts. It is useful for moderate to severe ...

https://www.chop.edu/treatments/epidural-analgesia

Topical analgesia for acute otitis media. Overview of attention for article published in Cochrane database of systematic ...

https://www.altmetric.com/details/384053

A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump lets you give yourself pain medicine when you need it. This gives you more control of ... A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump lets you give yourself pain medicine when you need it. This gives you more control of ... post a link to Pain Management: Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Pump information on Facebook. ... post a link to Pain Management: Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Pump information on Twitter. ...

https://www.healthwise.net/allways/Content/StdDocument.aspx?DOCHWID=zx1143

The Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is an innovative instrument opening new investigation fields for your analgesia research by ... The Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is an innovative instrument opening new investigation fields for your analgesia research by ... The Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is an innovative instrument opening new investigation fields for your analgesia research by ... The Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is based on a metal plate which can be heated to 65°C and cooled to -3°C (with an ambient ...

https://www.harvardapparatus.com/hot-cold-plate-analgesia-meters.html

A state-wide assessment of the association between epidural analgesia, maternal fever and neonatal antibiotics in Colorado, ...

https://fn.bmj.com/keyword/analgesia

... ... Implementation of an Analgesia-Delirium-Sedation (ADS) Protocol using objective assessments with a goal of maintaining an awake ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18784563/?dopt=Abstract

Get exceptional Multimodal Analgesia services from highly experienced & loving pet care professionals in Los Angeles, CA. Visit ... Multimodal analgesia is simultaneous administration of 2 or more analgesic drugs (pain medications) affecting different parts ... Different ways to administer these drugs also can be included in multimodal analgesia (pain relief). These can include (but are ...

https://vcahospitals.com/animal-specialty-group-los-angeles/departments/surgery/multimodal-analgesia

Analgesia before Sedation. Multimodal analgesia also reduces the need for total sedation. The practice of analgosedation in the ... Regional Anesthesia and Epidural Analgesia. A study published in Anesthesia and Analgesia compared patients with a ... 2017). Analgesic choice in management of rib fractures: paravertebral block or epidural analgesia?: Anesthesia and Analgesia, ... Multimodal analgesia in the ICU includes the following strategies: *Using non-opioid analgesics such as NSAIDs (anti- ...

https://www.sonosite.com/blog/multimodal-analgesia-pain-management-strategies-icu

... The Role of Multimodal Analgesia in Spine Surgery.. … [Read more...] about The Role of ... Preemptive multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management after lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial.. ... Read more...] about Preemptive multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management after lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized ... Does continuous wound infiltration enhance baseline intravenous multimodal analgesia after posterior spinal fusion surgery? A ...

https://snacc.org/document-category/pain-management/multimodal-analgesia-in-spine-surgery/

Role of the Nurse in Sedation-Analgesia. Practice Guidance. Role of the Nurse in Sedation/Analgesia. Guidance regarding the ... Deep Sedation/Analgesia: drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond ... The role of the nurse in the administration and monitoring of anesthetic agents for sedation/analgesia has recently been a ... 2015). Role of the registered nurse in the care of the pregnant woman receiving analgesia and anesthesia by catheter techniques ...

https://www.ndbon.org/Practice/PracticeGuidance/Sedation_Analgesia.asp

Introduction Epidural analgesia is the preferred method to manage pain during labor and delivery. The insertion of the epidural ... Long-term Complications of Unintentional Dural Puncture During Labor Epidural Analgesia: A Case-Control Study. Alexandre ... Cases were women who received epidural analgesia and sustained an unintentional dural puncture and controls were women who ... Long-term Complications of Unintentional Dural Puncture During Labor Epidural Analgesia: A Case-Control Study ...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.21265155v1

Tasha McNerney, BS, CVT, VTS (anesthesia and analgesia), is host of the Firstline series, Coffee on the Couch. Sick of being ...

https://www.dvm360.com/authors/tasha-mcnerney-bs-cvt-cvpp-vts-anesthesia-and-analgesia

Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) pumps were developed to address the problem of undermedication. They are used to permit the ... Patient Controlled Analgesia Pumps: 5 Sources of Dangers - Part 2. Aug 09, 2012 by ArtiModi ... Patient Controlled Analgesia Pumps: 4 Sources of Dangers Part 1. Aug 06, 2012 by ArtiModi ...

https://www.medleague.com/tag/patient-controlled-analgesia-pumps/

I developed and delivered this educational talk to pharmacists in a number of venues throughout the Republic of Ireland in Spring 2014 ...

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/activities/irish-pharmacy-union-roadshow-pain-and-analgesia

Alkalinization of Adrenalized Lidocaine in Extending Epidural Analgesia for Extremely Urgent Cesarean Section During Labor: a ... The rate of epidural analgesia during labor is about 85% in France. In addition to the comfort provided, epidural analgesia ... Not sure for Initial indication for general anaesthesia defined by the following situations: non-functional epidural analgesia ... Yes for Initial indication for general anaesthesia defined by the following situations: non-functional epidural analgesia, ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/303287/alkalinization-of-adrenalized-lidocaine-in-extending-epidural-analgesia-for-extremely-urgent-cesarean-section-during-labor-a-randomized-controlled-trial/?q=epidural+analgesia&page=4&query=epidural%20analgesia&rnk=24

Trial of Analgesia With Lidocaine or Extended-release Oxycodone for Neuropathic Pain Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis. The ... Trial of Analgesia With Lidocaine or Extended-release Oxycodone for Neuropathic Pain Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (TALENT-MS ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00414453

Anaesthesia and analgesia of less common companion animals like rodents and rabbits has evolved over the last years with the ... Postoperative analgesia can be obtained with common analgesics used in other species. Monitors suitable for cats or small dogs ... Fentanyl provides excellent analgesia and may be combined with medetomidine. In some European countries fentanyl is ... Opioids can be given to provide intraoperative analgesia and reduce the amount of inhalatory anaesthetics needed to provide ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11147&catId=29493&id=3846181&ind=63&objTypeID=17

... obstetrical analgesia, opioid analgesia, epidural analgesia, pain measurement, pregnancy, fentanyl, morphine. The references of ... Single-dose intrathecal analgesia to control labour pain. Is it a useful alternative to epidural analgesia?. R.G. Minty, Len ... Subarachnoid analgesia in advanced labor: a comparison of subarachnoid analgesia and pudendal block in advanced labor: ... How to use intrathecal analgesia. An excellent approach has been described by Leslie.2 Intrathecal analgesia should be ...

https://www.cfp.ca/content/53/3/437

Short-term use of remifentanil during endotracheal extubation for prophylactic analgesia in neurosurgical patients after ... Short-term use of remifentanil during endotracheal extubation for prophylactic analgesia in neurosurgical patients after ...

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/9/e005635.alerts

In vivo injection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to G alpha subunits and supraspinal analgesia evoked by mu and delta ... Conversely, the analgesia evoked by opioids binding mu opioid receptors, [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, ... Conversely, the analgesia evoked by opioids binding mu opioid receptors, [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, ... The ODN to Gi1 alpha subunits lacked effect on opioid-evoked analgesia. In mice injected with the ODN to Gi2 alpha subunits the ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/8531133/In_vivo_injection_of_antisense_oligodeoxynucleotides_to_G_alpha_subunits_and_supraspinal_analgesia_evoked_by_mu_and_delta_opioid_agonists_

Hypnotic Analgesia: Clinical Implications of Recent Research Findings Mark Jensen, PhD. Audio Sample: In the past decade, there ... 16472 - Hypnotic Analgesia: Clinical Implications of Recent Research Findings. $12.00 Select Format:. ... Current research projects include: (1) clinical trials of hypnotic analgesia for chronic pain conditions; (2) research to ...

https://www.fleetwoodonsite.com/product_info.php?products_id=10324

Dissecting a neural substrate for stress-induced analgesia ... Dissecting a neural substrate for stress-induced analgesia ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/gra274339

Epidural analgesia. Epidural analgesia refers to the delivery of anesthetics to the epidural space for purposes of pain control ... Neuraxial Analgesia. Intrathecal analgesia. Intrathecal (IT), often referred to as "spinal," anesthesia refers to the delivery ... Improved analgesia during the block - Some techniques reduce pain but do not completely eliminate it; multimodal analgesia ... the onset of analgesia is 30-60 minutes, and the duration of analgesia is 18-24 hours, depending on the dose. ...

https://reference.medscape.com/article/1268467-overview

Epidural analgesia is a type of pain relief. (chop.edu)
Epidural analgesia is an important part of the overall plan for your child's pain control. (chop.edu)
Epidural analgesia is a way of putting pain medication close to the body part that hurts. (chop.edu)
The addition of epidural analgesia to general anesthesia was also associated with long-term survival. (sonosite.com)
Patients who received epidural analgesia exhibited fewer complications than patients who received only analgosedation (Bardia et al. (sonosite.com)
2016). Clinical evidence shows that epidural analgesia can decrease mortality, complications, and morbidity after surgery. (sonosite.com)
Epidural analgesia also limits the need for opiates, thereby decreasing opioid-related complications (Pöpping et al. (sonosite.com)
Introduction Epidural analgesia is the preferred method to manage pain during labor and delivery. (medrxiv.org)
Cases were women who received epidural analgesia and sustained an unintentional dural puncture and controls were women who received epidural analgesia but did not sustain such complication. (medrxiv.org)
Alkalinization of Adrenalized Lidocaine in Extending Epidural Analgesia for Extremely Urgent Cesarean Section During Labor: a Randomized Controlled Trial. (centerwatch.com)
The rate of epidural analgesia during labor is about 85% in France. (centerwatch.com)
Is it a useful alternative to epidural analgesia? (cfp.ca)
CONCLUSION Physicians practising modern obstetrics in rural and small urban centres might find single-dose ITN a useful alternative to parenteral or epidural analgesia for appropriately selected patients. (cfp.ca)
A larger-volume injection may cause further spread to the paravertebral and/or epidural space, providing multilevel analgesia with 1-2 level injections. (researchsquare.com)
Obviously, thoracic epidural analgesia plays an important in Post-Thoracotomy Care . (openanesthesia.org)
Epidural analgesia in labor: an evaluation of risks and benefits. (afar.info)
BACKGROUND: Intrapartum epidural analgesia has become increasingly popular because it is the most effective method of providing pain relief during labor. (afar.info)
This article reviews the literature about the effects of epidural analgesia on the mother and infant. (afar.info)
METHODS: We performed a computer-assisted MEDLINE search for articles and a review of bibliographies from articles on epidural analgesia. (afar.info)
Retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials both demonstrate that epidural analgesia is associated with increases in duration of labor, instrument vaginal delivery, and cesarean birth. (afar.info)
Epidural analgesia may also increase intervention for fetal distress. (afar.info)
CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia is a safe and effective method of relieving pain in labor, but is associated with longer labor, more operative intervention, and increases in cost. (afar.info)
The importance of assessing outcomes that matter to patients is clearly illustrated - in a very negative fashion - by early trials of epidural analgesia given to women for pain relief during labour. (testingtreatments.org)
In the 1990s researchers reviewed the experience with controlled trials of epidural versus non-epidural analgesia. (testingtreatments.org)
By limiting exposure to these, epidural analgesia may enhance tumor surveillance. (silverchair.com)
Possible regional anesthesia techniques include epidural analgesia, spinal analgesia (sometimes referred to as the intrathecal or subarachnoid space), or a combination of epidural and spinal analgesia. (medscape.com)
The duration of analgesia was from the time of epidural block to the time of rescue analgesia . (bvsalud.org)
Pain management with epidural catheter and epidural analgesia after spinal dorsal instrumentation of lumbar spine. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of the current study was to compare the use of epidural analgesia (EA) with systemic analgesia (SA) as regards pain reduction and early postoperative complications after SDI . (bvsalud.org)
Pain management with epidural or systemic analgesia in patients undergoing SDI by posterior approach between January 2019 and July 2020 was evaluated by clinical functional testing, measuring total opioid amounts used, and evaluating numerical rating scale values 24 and 96 hours postoperatively. (bvsalud.org)
Researchers conclude that acupuncture increases the effectiveness of epidural morphine analgesia for the relief of pain after intestinal cancer surgery. (healthcmi.com)
Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine researchers combined scalp acupuncture with epidural morphine analgesia in a controlled clinical trial. (healthcmi.com)
Patients receiving both epidural morphine analgesia and scalp acupuncture in a combined pain management protocol after completion of intestinal cancer surgery showed significant improvements in visual analog scale (VAS) scores and Bruggman comfort scale (BCS) scores. (healthcmi.com)
The researchers note that "scalp acupuncture can serve as a preemptive analgesia technique and increase effectiveness of epidural morphine analgesia. (healthcmi.com)
4] In the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine study, acupuncture increases the effectiveness of epidural morphine analgesia by improving VAS and BCS scores and facilitates the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function. (healthcmi.com)
note, "The addition of acupuncture therapy to epidural morphine analgesia in a clinical setting can reduce the total dosage of morphine and correspondingly eliminate the medication-induced side effect rate. (healthcmi.com)
For the control group patients, combined general/epidural anesthesia was administered during the operation, while morphine was administered for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after the operation. (healthcmi.com)

A study published in Anesthesia and Analgesia compared patients with a paravertebral blockade with rib fractures who received only sedation and opioids to similar patients who also received regional anesthesia. (sonosite.com)
Anesthesia and analgesia / International Anesthesia Research Society. (bvs.br)
Current researches in anesthesia and analgesia N.SER. (bvs.br)
Anesthesia and Analgesia , 104 (4), 893-897. (elsevier.com)

We designed a modified Delphi survey to explore the perspectives and opinions of expert panellists with regard to opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia. (medscape.com)
29 anaesthetists underwent an evolving three-round questionnaire to determine the level of agreement on certain aspects of multimodal analgesia, with the last round deciding if each statement was a priority. (medscape.com)
The panellists agreed there was a strong body of evidence supporting opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia. (medscape.com)
Thus, a focus on developing specific guidelines for multimodal analgesia and addressing gaps in education may improve the adoption of opioid-sparing analgesia. (medscape.com)
It is worth noting that multimodal analgesia does not need to be opioid-free, but has the objective of minimising the side effects of opioids and improving pain control. (medscape.com)
In fact, the Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) made a stand that multimodal analgesia has proven to be opioid-sparing and provides superior pain relief. (medscape.com)
While the multimodal approach is arguably a more complex technique and is currently typically proposed for a niche patient group (e.g., individuals at high risk of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, sleep-related breathing disorders or pre-existent opioid-related misuse), the assurance of superior pain relief alone invites the question as to why opioid-sparing analgesia is not more widely practiced. (medscape.com)
Given the dearth of evidence, the objective of this project is to use a Delphi process to achieve a consensus of the reasons and opinions of the use of multimodal opioid-sparing analgesia. (medscape.com)
Multimodal analgesia is simultaneous administration of 2 or more analgesic drugs (pain medications) affecting different parts of the pain pathway, simultaneously. (vcahospitals.com)
Different ways to administer these drugs also can be included in multimodal analgesia (pain relief). (vcahospitals.com)
In an article published in ICU Management and Practice , Dr. Xavier Capdevila, Head of the Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine at Lapeyronie University Hospital, France, outlines the concept of multimodal analgesia as an alternative to administering solely opioids to patients. (sonosite.com)
As a result, multimodal analgesia can reduce postoperative pain (Jin and Chung 2001). (sonosite.com)
Multimodal analgesia also reduces the need for total sedation. (sonosite.com)
A French study showed that the use of multimodal analgesia in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients decreases sedation and delirium while avoiding the need for opioids. (sonosite.com)
Patients given multimodal analgesia were also more likely to have fewer organ failures compared to patients who received opioids alone (Payen et al. (sonosite.com)
2013). Dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2 antagonist and a potent anxiolytic, is another drug that ICU clinicians should consider within the multimodal analgesia approach. (sonosite.com)
Through the proper application of multimodal analgesia, ICU clinicians can effectively manage patient pain while reducing the need for opioids and heavy sedation. (sonosite.com)
Dr. Capdevila concludes multimodal analgesia optimizes pain management and decreases organ dysfunction while demonstrating a positive impact on the long-term mortality in patients after major surgeries. (sonosite.com)
Does continuous wound infiltration enhance baseline intravenous multimodal analgesia after posterior spinal fusion surgery? (snacc.org)
Preemptive multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management after lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial. (snacc.org)

The patients who received regional analgesia experienced an optimized rehabilitation with a decreased use of opioids. (sonosite.com)
When potent opioids are given, antagonism is better achieved by giving the partial agonist buprenorphine instead of naloxone, and postoperative analgesia can be prolonged for several hours. (vin.com)
Opioids can be given to provide intraoperative analgesia and reduce the amount of inhalatory anaesthetics needed to provide surgical anaesthesia. (vin.com)
Conversely, the analgesia evoked by opioids binding mu opioid receptors, [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, appeared consistently and significantly attenuated in mice injected with the ODN to Gx/z alpha. (unboundmedicine.com)
Opioids administered to the IT space can offer effective postoperative analgesia. (medscape.com)
The advantages of IT opioids for analgesia, especially if spinal anesthesia is already planned, include its simplicity, lack of need for catheter care or pumps, low cost, and easy supplementation with low-dose patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) opioids as needed. (medscape.com)
Only opioids could be used for labor analgesia in these situations, as they do not decrease systemic vascular resistance. (medscape.com)

Implementation of an Analgesia-Delirium-Sedation (ADS) Protocol using objective assessments with a goal of maintaining an awake and comfortable patient may obviate the need for daily interruption of infusions in critically ill trauma patients. (nih.gov)
The practice of analgosedation in the ICU (using analgesia before sedation) is becoming increasingly common. (sonosite.com)
The role of the nurse in the administration and monitoring of anesthetic agents for sedation/analgesia has recently been a national focus of regulatory concern and consideration due to the dynamic and evolving nature of the utilization of these medications. (ndbon.org)
In response, the Board discussed the inquiries and reviewed existing practice statements pertaining to the role of the nurse in sedation/analgesia. (ndbon.org)
The panel explored the RN role in administration and monitoring of anesthetic agents for sedation/analgesia in various settings, including levels of sedation, indications, and dosages. (ndbon.org)
Moderate Sedation/Analgesia (Conscious Sedation): drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully* to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. (ndbon.org)
Deep Sedation/Analgesia: drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully* following repeated or painful stimulation. (ndbon.org)
Signs and symptoms resolved substantially within 14 hours with aggressive symptomatic treatment, including sedation with benzodiazepines, external cooling, analgesia and sedation with fentanyl-propofol, and treatment with urapidil, an alpha-receptor-blocking agent. (erowid.org)

Regional anesthesia has been consistently associated with superior pain control, lower opioid use and related side effects, when compared to conventional opioid-based analgesia 1-3 . (researchsquare.com)

A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump lets you give yourself pain medicine when you need it. (healthwise.net)
The Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is an innovative instrument opening new investigation fields for your analgesia research by allowing you to test animal's sensitivity to pain resulting from exposure to heat or cold. (harvardapparatus.com)
QUALITY OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE was searched and the references of 2 systematic reviews and a meta-analysis were reviewed to find articles on obstetric analgesia and pain measurement. (cfp.ca)
Various regional analgesia techniques exist that can be used to promote postoperative pain relief. (medscape.com)
The latest capsule review from The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Pain Council (WSAVA-GPC), published in the latest issue of the Journal of Small Animal Practice (JSAP), discusses the use of intraperitoneal (IP) and incisional analgesia in small animal practice. (bsava.com)
2. Although patient-controlled analgesia is a more effective means of managing pain post-abdominal hysterectomy, it costs HK$81.10 more per patient. (hkmj.org)
3. Although they experienced more nausea, patients receiving patient-controlled analgesia were significantly more satisfied than those receiving intramuscular pain management. (hkmj.org)
4. If intramuscular analgesia is used for pain management, closer adherence to prescription and administration protocols is needed to improve pain control. (hkmj.org)
We evaluated the potential benefits of adding magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) to ketamine (K) in a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) model with tramadol (T) on postoperative pain and cognitive function in major abdominal surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. (genderportal.eu)
This trend chart shows the percentage of analgesia (pain medication) use by hospital. (ny.gov)
https://health.data.ny.gov/Health/Hospital-Maternity-Percentage-of-Analgesia-Pain-Me/6ti2-a23g Opens in new window. (ny.gov)
https://health.data.ny.gov/d/6ti2-a23g?category=Health&view_name=Hospital-Maternity-Percentage-of-Analgesia-Pain-Me Opens in new window. (ny.gov)
Approximately 60% of laboring women (2.4 million each year) choose regional analgesia for pain relief during labor. (medscape.com)
In obstetric patients, regional analgesia refers to partial or complete loss of pain sensation below the T8 to T10 spinal level. (medscape.com)
For control of chronic pain, administer oxycodone hydrochloride tablets on a regularly scheduled basis, at the lowest dosage level to achieve adequate analgesia. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the efficacy of lidocaine local analgesia on maternal pain reduction during amniocentesis. (tjoddergisi.org)
The inclusion criteria comprised ( a ) patients: Females undergoing amniocentesis, ( b ) intervention: Local analgesia using lidocaine, ( c ) comparison: Placebo or no treatment, ( d ) outcome: Pain perception, ( e ) study design: RCTs. (tjoddergisi.org)
Ethnicity and OPRM variant independently predict pain perception and patient-controlled analgesia usage for post-operative pain. (cdc.gov)

However, the motivations and barriers regarding the adoption of opioid-sparing analgesia are not well known. (medscape.com)
Solutions to mitigating the side effects of opioid over-prescription include increasing the adoption of opioid-sparing approaches to analgesia. (medscape.com)
At present, the RCoA openly encourages the use of opioid-sparing analgesia techniques and opioid-sparing adjuvants. (medscape.com)
To date, there are few published Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) related to reasons and opinions of the use of opioid-sparing analgesia. (medscape.com)
As a result, clinical practice variations in the management of opioid-sparing analgesia have resulted in unclear optimal therapeutic management directions. (medscape.com)
The ODN to Gi1 alpha subunits lacked effect on opioid-evoked analgesia. (unboundmedicine.com)
l.c.v. injection of antibodies directed to these G alpha subunits antagonized opioid-induced analgesia with a pattern similar to that observed for the ODNs. (unboundmedicine.com)
The records of twelve matched patients who had the same operations without PICB were reviewed to compare analgesia and opioid consumption. (researchsquare.com)
Clinically, combined PICBs at the same levels resulted in consistent segmental chest wall analgesia and reduction in perioperative opioid consumption after breast surgery. (researchsquare.com)
Selective mu-opioid antagonists like naloxone can block analgesia from tapentadol. (pillzone.co)
The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism of human µ-opioid receptor gene and use of labor analgesia. (cdc.gov)

IMSEAR at SEARO: GABAergic mechanisms in morphine analgesia. (who.int)

To evaluate the effect of preemptive analgesia of paracetamol and dipyrone in vital teeth professionally whitened in office. (bvsalud.org)
Dipyrone 500 mg exhibited higher effectiveness than Paracetamol 500 mg in the study population, as a technique of preemptive analgesia in tooth whitening procedure. (bvsalud.org)

Spinal Analgesia in. (bmj.com)
OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and efficacy of single-dose spinal analgesia (intrathecal narcotics [ITN]) during labour. (cfp.ca)
[ 6 ] Thanks to safe and easy to perform under ultrasound guidance, the ESP block has been used as postoperative analgesia in different types of surgery, such as abdominal, thoracic, breast, and spinal surgeries. (medscape.com)

Anaesthesia and analgesia of less common companion animals like rodents and rabbits has evolved over the last years with the use of relatively newer drugs and techniques previously employed in more common species like the dog or the cat. (vin.com)

Further studies are therefore warranted to continue to investigate the use of IP and incisional analgesia in a number of clinical scenarios. (bsava.com)
The goals of this study were to examine the anatomical spread of PICB injectate and explore its translation into clinical analgesia after breast surgery. (researchsquare.com)
The clinical part consisted of a retrospective medical records review of patients who had undergone breast surgery under general anesthesia (GA) with and without PICB, examining the dermatomal analgesia/hypoesthesia distribution and the analgesic effect of the PICB. (researchsquare.com)

Rescue analgesia was given to 67% (10/15) of the cats in each group.Conclusion: The administration of lidocaine at ST-36 and SP-6 acupuncture points did not provide significant perioperative analgesic benefits in healthy cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. (journal-jams.org)
The hypothesis is that the lidocaine administration will correlate with better maternal analgesia than the control treatment during amniocentesis. (tjoddergisi.org)

Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) pumps were developed to address the problem of undermedication. (medleague.com)
4 No statistics on use of ITN, patient-controlled analgesia using narcotics, nitrous oxide, or pudendal blocks exist in Canada. (cfp.ca)
1. Women on patient-controlled analgesia used significantly larger amounts of morphine than those given intramuscular analgesia. (hkmj.org)
Regional analgesia is also contraindicated in cases of patient refusal or inadequate practitioner training and experience. (medscape.com)

Providing high-quality analgesia for Canadian women in labour in small community hospitals is a challenge. (cfp.ca)

[ 3 ] Thus, efficient and safe methods for postoperative analgesia after lumbar spine surgery are beneficial for early recovery. (medscape.com)
Laboring patients must be educated about the different available methods of labor analgesia. (medscape.com)
Many pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of labor analgesia have been adopted over the years. (medscape.com)

The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of ESP block in improving analgesia following lumbar surgery. (medscape.com)
COX-2 selective NSAIDs (non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were developed to maintain analgesia efficacy while minimizing the side effects associated with COX-1 inhibition. (alexanderandturner.com)

A combination of 2.5 mg of bupivacaine, 25 μg of fentanyl, and 250 μg of morphine intrathecally usually provides a 4-hour window of acceptable analgesia for patients without complications not anticipating protracted labour. (cfp.ca)
Analgesia is indicated for patients with certain risk factors even in the absence of maternal request. (medscape.com)

Pre-emptive analgesia is a treatment whereby a preoperative analgesic regimen is introduced to reduce noxious stimuli in the surgical process. (healthcmi.com)

Morphine/meloxicam was administered as rescue analgesia. (journal-jams.org)

The goal of this study was to examine the anatomical spread of large-volume PICB injections and its relevance to breast surgery analgesia. (researchsquare.com)

Paulo Steagall, lead author of the paper said "Based on current evidence and a consensus of the WSAVA-GPC members, it is recommended that IP and incisional analgesia should be used for abdominal surgery such as intestinal foreign body removal, splenectomy, etc. (bsava.com)
Adding a low dose of K or MgSO 4 to T in post-operative major abdominal surgery did not improve analgesia but the combination of both had a statistical sparing effect on T consumption. (biomedcentral.com)

For IT morphine, the onset of analgesia is 30-60 minutes, and the duration of analgesia is 18-24 hours, depending on the dose. (medscape.com)

Video summary covering three featured articles in the December 2022 issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
Forrige vintermøte på Voss mars 2022 om intestinal failure ble en stor suksess og vi håper å arrangere et minst like bra vintermøte i 2023! (kolorektal.no)

In a 2018 AALAS webinar on Sheep and Goat Analgesia, Dr. Susie Vogel, a small ruminant expert, introduced the concept of getting sheep and goats to willingly take medication by putting it in a tasty. (awionline.org)

Other maternal conditions such as aortic stenosis , pulmonary hypertension , or right-to-left shunts are also relative contraindications to the use of regional analgesia. (medscape.com)

Fentanyl provides excellent analgesia and may be combined with medetomidine. (vin.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms1

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment66

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes16

Named Groups1

Health Care16

Relative efficacy of 32P and 89Sr in palliation in skeletal metastases. (1/1002)

Characterization of socio-psychological stress-induced antinociception in the formalin test in mice. (2/1002)

Morbidity and cost-effectiveness analysis of outpatient analgesia versus general anaesthesia for testicular sperm extraction in men with azoospermia due to defects in spermatogenesis. (3/1002)

Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. (4/1002)

Dextromethorphan and pain after total abdominal hysterectomy. (5/1002)

Role of potassium channels in the antinociception induced by agonists of alpha2-adrenoceptors. (6/1002)

Tenoxicam and paracetamol-codeine combination after oral surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (7/1002)

Somatotopic activation of opioid systems by target-directed expectations of analgesia. (8/1002)

Analgesia

Analgesia, Epidural

Analgesia, Obstetrical

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled

Analgesics, Opioid

Pain, Postoperative

Morphine

Pain Measurement

Bupivacaine

Anesthetics, Local

Acupuncture Analgesia

Fentanyl

Analgesics

Anesthesia, Epidural

Meperidine

Labor Pain

Sufentanil

Pain

Nerve Block

Injections, Spinal

Labor, Obstetric

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Amides

Anesthesia, Spinal

Tramadol

Double-Blind Method

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Naloxone

Cesarean Section

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Pain Threshold

Interpleural Analgesia

Drug Tolerance

Receptors, Opioid, mu

Anesthesia, General

Conscious Sedation

Ketorolac

Labor Stage, First

Hydromorphone

Lidocaine

Pain Management

Anesthesia, Caudal

Clonidine

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Ketamine

Femoral Nerve

Receptors, Opioid

Pregnancy

Pirinitramide

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Butorphanol

Alfentanil

Nalbuphine

Narcotic Antagonists

Anesthetics, Combined

Anesthesia, Conduction

Thoracotomy

Opioid Peptides

Electroacupuncture

Mepivacaine

Pruritus

Ketoprofen

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Placebo Effect

Morphine Derivatives

Hyperalgesia

Prospective Studies

Anesthesia, Local

Periaqueductal Gray

Nitrous Oxide

Pentazocine

Postoperative Care

Dexmedetomidine

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Hysterectomy

Piperidines

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Brachial Plexus

Pain, Intractable

Oxycodone