Anal Canal
Semicircular Canals
Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH). The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. Within the canals are the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS.
Fecal Incontinence
Ear Canal
Adenoma, Villous
Root Canal Preparation
Preparatory activities in ROOT CANAL THERAPY by partial or complete extirpation of diseased pulp, cleaning and sterilization of the empty canal, enlarging and shaping the canal to receive the sealing material. The cavity may be prepared by mechanical, sonic, chemical, or other means. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1700)
Hemorrhoids
Fissure in Ano
Mitomycin
Pressure
Root Canal Irrigants
Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.
Dental Pulp Cavity
Root Canal Filling Materials
APUD Cells
Urogenital System
All the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of URINE. It includes the kidneys, ureters, BLADDER; URETHRA, and the organs of reproduction - ovaries, UTERUS; FALLOPIAN TUBES; VAGINA; and CLITORIS in women and the testes; SEMINAL VESICLES; PROSTATE; seminal ducts; and PENIS in men.
Pelvic Floor
Soft tissue formed mainly by the pelvic diaphragm, which is composed of the two levator ani and two coccygeus muscles. The pelvic diaphragm lies just below the pelvic aperture (outlet) and separates the pelvic cavity from the PERINEUM. It extends between the PUBIC BONE anteriorly and the COCCYX posteriorly.
Rectal Prolapse
Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. There are various degrees: incomplete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle but with herniation of the bowel; and internal complete with rectosigmoid or upper rectum intussusception into the lower rectum.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Constipation
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Tooth Apex
Parasympatholytics
Combined Modality Therapy
Fluorouracil
Muscle Contraction
Reflex
Gutta-Percha
Papillomaviridae
A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.
Dental Instruments
Cisplatin
An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Sodium Hypochlorite
Treatment Outcome
Tooth Root
The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)
Periapical Periodontitis
Calcium Hydroxide
Ultrasonography
Papillomavirus Infections
Catheterization
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell
A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)
Effects of short term sacral nerve stimulation on anal and rectal function in patients with anal incontinence. (1/1075)
BACKGROUND: Some patients with faecal incontinence are not amenable to simple surgical sphincter repair, due to sphincter weakness in the absence of a structural defect. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and possible mode of action of short term stimulation of sacral nerves in patients with faecal incontinence and a structurally intact external anal sphincter. PATIENTS: Twelve patients with faecal incontinence for solid or liquid stool at least once per week. METHODS: A stimulating electrode was placed (percutaneously in 10 patients, operatively in two) into the S3 or S4 foramen. The electrode was left in situ for a minimum of one week with chronic stimulation. RESULTS: Evaluable results were obtained in nine patients, with early electrode displacement in the other three. Incontinence ceased in seven of nine patients and improved notably in one; one patient with previous imperforate anus and sacral agenesis had no symptomatic response. Stimulation seemed to enhance maximum squeeze pressure but did not alter resting pressure. The rectum became less sensitive to distension with no change in rectal compliance. Ambulatory studies showed a possible reduction in rectal contractile activity and diminished episodes of spontaneous anal relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: Short term sacral nerve stimulation notably decreases episodes of faecal incontinence. The effect may be mediated via facilitation of striated sphincter muscle function, and via neuromodulation of sacral reflexes which regulate rectal sensitivity and contractility, and anal motility. (+info)Risk factors for abnormal anal cytology in young heterosexual women. (2/1075)
Although anal cancers are up to four times more common in women than men, little is known about the natural history of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and HPV-related anal lesions in women. This study reports on the prevalence of and risks for anal cytological abnormalities over a 1-year period in a cohort of young women participating in a study of the natural history of cervical HPV infection. In addition to their regularly scheduled sexual behavior interviews and cervical testing, consenting women received anal HPV DNA and cytological testing. Anal cytology smears were obtained from 410 women whose mean age was 22.5 +/- 2.5 years at the onset of the study. Sixteen women (3.9%) were found to have abnormal anal cytology: 4 women had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) or condyloma; and 12 women had atypical cells of undetermined significance. Factors found to be significantly associated with abnormal anal cytology were a history of anal sex [odds ratio (OR), 6.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-47.2], a history of cervical SILs (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.3-14.9), and a current anal HPV infection (OR, 12.28; 95% CI, 3.9-43.5). The strong association between anal intercourse and the development of HPV-induced SILs supports the role of sexual transmission of HPV in anal SILs. Young women who had engaged in anal intercourse or had a history of cervical SILs were found to be at highest risk. (+info)Faecal composition after surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. (3/1075)
Diarrhoea and perianal excoriation occur frequently after the endorectal pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease. A new method of faecal analysis was performed on 3-day stool collections in 17 postoperative Hirschsprung patients and in 14 normal children, in order to define the faecal abnormality and to establish the cause of perianal excoriation in these patients. Loose stools in postoperative patients were deficient in dry solid content and contained an excess of extractable faecal water. This also had a raised electrolyte concentration, particularly with respect to sodium. Total daily output of faecal water was normal. Formed stools from postoperative patients were also deficient in drysolids but had a normal extractable water content. Excess extractable faecal water, the main abnormality of loose stools in these patients, is the result of abnormal water absorption from the distal colon. Perianal excoriation in these patients is most closely associated with the concentration of sodium in faecal water. (+info)Investigation and management of long-standing chronic constipation in childhood. (4/1075)
The anorectal physiology of 106 children with long-standing chronic constipation, who had failed to response to a trial of medical treatment, was assessed. 10 (9%) were shown to have ultrashort-segment Hischsprung's disease, later confirmed on histology, The remainder showed evidence of hypertrophy of the internal sphicter on anorectal manometry and had a vigorous anal dilatation (to accept 4 fingers) under general anesthesia. After this, 38% were able to be weaned off all medication and most of the remainder improved. Further anal dilatation and internal sphincterotomy allowed a further 10 children to stop laxative, bringing the total to 48%. (+info)Perception of and adaptation to rectal isobaric distension in patients with faecal incontinence. (5/1075)
BACKGROUND: Perception of, and adaptation of the rectum to, distension probably play an important role in the maintenance of continence, but perception studies in faecal incontinence provide controversial conclusions possibly related to methodological biases. In order to better understand perception disorders, the aim of this study was to analyse anorectal adaptation to rectal isobaric distension in subjects with incontinence. PATIENTS/METHODS: Between June 95 and December 97, 97 consecutive patients (nine men and 88 women, mean (SEM) age 55 (1) years) suffering from incontinence were evaluated and compared with 15 healthy volunteers (four men and 11 women, mean age 48 (3) years). The patients were classified into three groups according to their perception status to rectal isobaric distensions (impaired, 22; normal, 61; enhanced, 14). Anal and rectal adaptations to increasing rectal pressure were analysed using a model of rectal isobaric distension. RESULTS: The four groups did not differ with respect to age, parity, or sex ratio. Magnitude of incontinence, prevalence of pelvic disorders, and sphincter defects were similar in the incontinent groups. When compared with healthy controls, anal pressure and rectal adaptation to distension were decreased in incontinent patients. When compared with incontinent patients with normal perception, patients with enhanced perception experienced similar rectal adaptation but had reduced anal pressure. In contrast, patients with impaired perception showed considerably decreased rectal adaptation but had similar anal pressure. CONCLUSION: Abnormal sensations during rectal distension are observed in one third of subjects suffering from incontinence. These abnormalities may reflect hyperreactivity or neuropathological damage of the rectal wall. (+info)Anal ultrasound predicts the response to nonoperative treatment of fecal incontinence in men. (6/1075)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the etiology, treatment, and utility of anal ultrasound in men with fecal incontinence and to review the outcomes of conservative (nonoperative) treatment. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The etiology of fecal incontinence in women is almost exclusively from obstetric or iatrogenic surgical injuries resulting in damage to the anal sphincters and/or pudendal nerves. Corresponding data on men with fecal incontinence are sparse. METHODS: Between January 1995 and January 1998, 37 men with fecal incontinence were evaluated in the John Radcliffe Hospital anorectal ultrasound unit. Their clinical histories, anal ultrasound results, anorectal physiology studies, and responses to conservative therapy were reviewed. RESULTS: Median age was 57 years. Major incontinence was present in 27% of the patients. Anal ultrasound localized anal sphincter damage in nine patients, and the characteristics of these nine patients with sphincter damage were then compared with the remaining 28 without sphincter damage. Prior anal surgery was more common in patients with sphincter damage. Hemorrhoids were more common in patients without sphincter damage. Anorectal physiology studies revealed significantly lower mean maximum resting and squeeze pressures in patients with sphincter damage, confirming poor sphincter function. With 92% follow-up, patients without sphincter damage were more likely to improve with nonoperative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Anal ultrasound is extremely useful in the evaluation of fecal incontinence in men. Unlike women, the majority of men do not have a sphincter defect by anal ultrasound, and conservative management is usually successful in these patients. In contrast, in men with anal sphincter damage, almost all of these defects resulted from previous anal surgery. Conservative management rarely is successful in these cases, and surgical repair of the anal sphincter may be indicated. Therefore, because the presence or absence of sphincter damage on anal ultrasound usually predicts the response to nonoperative treatment, anal ultrasound should be used to guide the initial management of men with fecal incontinence. (+info)A bile acid-induced apoptosis assay for colon cancer risk and associated quality control studies. (7/1075)
Bile acids are important in the etiology of colorectal cancer. Bile acids induce apoptosis in colonic goblet cells at concentrations comparable to those found in fecal water after high-fat meals. Preliminary evidence indicated that cells of the normal-appearing (nontumorous) portion of the colon epithelium of colon cancer patients are more resistant to bile salt-induced apoptosis than are cells from normal individuals. In the present study, 68 patients were examined, and biopsies were taken at 20 cm from the anal verge, cecum, and descending colon. The patients included 17 individuals with a history of colorectal cancer, 37 individuals with adenomas, and 14 individuals who were neoplasia free. The mean bile salt-induced apoptotic index among normal individuals was 57.6 +/- 3.47 (SE), which differed significantly (P < 0.05) from the mean value of 36.41 +/- 3.12 in individuals with a history of colon cancer. The correlation between independent observers was 0.89 (P < 0.001), indicating good interobserver reliability. Components of variance comparing interindividual versus intraindividual sources of variation suggested that site-to-site variability, both between regions of the colon and for adjacent biopsies, was larger than the interpatient variability for individuals with a history of neoplasia. Therefore, there was "patchiness" of the susceptibility of regions of the colon to bile acid-induced apoptosis in individuals with a history of neoplasia (a patchy field effect). There was no obvious correlation of low-apoptotic index regions with regions in which previous neoplasias had been found and removed. On the other hand, for normal, i.e., neoplasia-free, individuals, there was relatively less intraindividual variation compared to interindividual variation. Our assay shows an association between resistance to bile acid-induced apoptosis, measured at 20 cm from the anal verge, and colon cancer risk. Thus, this assay may prove useful as a biomarker of colon cancer risk. (+info)Topographical and electrophysiological characteristics of highly excitable S neurones in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. (8/1075)
1. Most intracellular electrical recordings from myenteric neurones have been made from the centre of large ganglia. In this study, we examined the electrophysiological properties of neurones at the corners of large ganglia close to internodal strands and in microganglia. 2. Of 150 neurones in these locations: 111 were tonic S neurones; 9 were phasic S neurones and 30 were AH neurones. 3. Tonic S neurones were characterized by: (i) low resting membrane potentials (-50 +/- 1 mV, mean +/- s.e.m.); (ii) high input impedance (522 +/- 23 MOmega); (iii) low threshold for action potential (AP) generation (0.012 +/- 0.004 nA); (iv) firing of APs throughout a depolarizing pulse (duration <= 1 s) and one to four APs following a hyperpolarizing pulse and (v) spontaneous fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (FEPSPs). A substantial proportion of tonic S neurones (43 %) also fired APs spontaneously (7.6 +/- 0.6 Hz; range, 0.3-19 Hz). All APs were blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 microM). 4. Tonic S neurones were subclassified, according to their post-stimulus responses, as SAH or SAD neurones. Following a burst of APs, SAH neurones exhibited a prominent after-hyperpolarization (duration, 711 +/- 10 ms) and SAD neurones an after-depolarization (duration, 170 +/- 10 ms). The after-hyperpolarization was reduced in four of ten neurones by apamin (0.3 microM). 5. FEPSPs were evoked in 20 of 38 S neurones by electrical stimulation applied both oral and anal to the recording site. Repetitive stimuli evoked slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (SEPSPs) in some tonic S neurones. 6. Three functional classes of S neurones were identified after injection of neurobiotin through the recording microelectrode: (i) longitudinal muscle motor neurones, (ii) short circular muscle motor neurones, and (iii) ascending interneurones. 7. In conclusion, there appears to be topographical organization of highly excitable, tonic S neurones within the myenteric plexus, since, in contrast to other S neurones, they can be readily impaled in myenteric ganglia close to internodal strands and in microganglia. (+info)
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Glossary of gastropod terms
Anal canal. Tubular of gutter-like opening in the shell of a gastropod through which excrements are expelled (see also: ... Siphonal canal: semi-tubular extension of the aperture of the shell through which the siphon is extended when the animal is ... Resembling a canal, as the deep sutures in some shells. Cancellated. Formed of cross-bars, as the longitudinal and spiral lines ... Nicked or indented, as the anterior canal of some gastropods. Nucleus. The first part or beginning, as the apex in a gastropod ...
Anus
Anal canal. *Imperforate anus; a birth defect.. *Anorectal manometry. References. *^ Chin, K.; Erickson, G.M.; et al. (1998-06- ...
Levator ani
A.C. Anal canal. L.A. Levator ani. I.S. Internal anal sphincter. E.S External anal sphincter. ... Coronal section through the male anal canal. B. Cavity of urinary bladder V.D. Vas deferens. S.V. Seminal vesicle. R. Second ... and is directed backward almost horizontally along the side of the anal canal toward the coccyx and sacrum, to which it finds ... Puborectalis not labeled, but levator ani labeled at bottom right, and external anal sphincter labeled at bottom center.) ...
Ovulinae
The anal canal is twisted anteriorly. The extremities are usually short and the outer lip of the aperture has well-developed ...
Maxwellia gemma
The siphonal canal is rather short, almost completely closed and curved to the left at the base. There is no apparent anal ... top whorls and around the siphonal canal. The sutures between the whorls are deep and crossed by the oblique varices. The ... canal. The inner surface of the aperture has a rippled form, reflecting the form of the ribs at the outer surface. The ...
Large intestine
The lower rectum to the anal canal above the pectinate line drain to the internal iliac nodes. The anal canal below the ... and anal canal. Some other sources exclude the anal canal. In humans, the large intestine begins in the right iliac region of ... and then descending to the rectum and its endpoint at the anal canal. Overall, in humans, the large intestine is about 1.5 ... Additionally, surgeons have lately been using the term pouchoscopy to refer to a colonoscopy of the ileo-anal pouch. The large ...
Leukoplakia
... of the anal canal is rare. It may extend up to the anorectal junction. On digital examination it feels hard and ... Progression to anal stenosis has been described. The malignant potential is seemingly low, and few cases of anal carcinoma have ... "Anal leukoplakia: an unusual case of anal stenosis". Endoscopy. 33 (5): 469. doi:10.1055/s-2001-14256. PMID 11396772. Soames, ... Dyskeratosis congenita may be associated with leukoplakia of the oral mucosa and of the anal mucosa. Within the mouth, ...
Pudendal nerve
Branches also supply sensation to the anal canal. By providing sensation to the penis and the clitoris, the pudendal nerve is ... The pudendal canal that carries the pudendal nerve is also known by the eponymous term "Alcock's canal", after Benjamin Alcock ... the external anal sphincter (via the inferior anal branch), and male or female external urethral sphincter. As it functions to ... The pudendal canal is also known by the eponymous term "Alcock's canal", after Benjamin Alcock, an Irish anatomist who ...
Nigro protocol
Nigro ND, Vaitkevicius VK, Buroker T, Bradley GT, Considine B (1981). "Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal". Dis. ... Blumetti, Jennifer; Bastawrous, Amir (27 May 2009). "Epidermoid Cancers of the Anal Canal: Current Treatment". Clinics in Colon ... Ehrenpreis, Eli (2003). Anal and Rectal Diseases Explained. Remedica. pp. 113. "In Memoriam: Norman D. Nigro, M.D., 1912-2009 ... Success of the preoperative regimen changed the paradigm of anal cancer treatment from surgical to non-surgical and was the ...
Maxwellia santarosana
The ovate aperture has a barely perceptible anal canal. The outer lip is finely crenulate but its inner surface is smooth. The ... The siphonal canal is of moderate length and, as typical for this genus, fused on top, almost sealed below and pointing to the ... extending from the shoulder of the preceding whorl to the end of the siphonal canal. The shell sculpture shows major and minor ...
List of -otomies
Treating mucosal fissures from the anal canal/sphincter Thoracotomy -> Incision into the pleural space of the chest Thyrotomy ...
Defecography
Anal canal length This is measured during maximal evacuation. Anal canal width Again measured during maximal evacuation, this ... "mid-axial longitudinal axis of the rectum and the anal canal", created by the anterior pull of the puborectalis sling at the ... At rest, it is held at 90 - 100°. This becomes more acute (70 - 90°) when the patient contracts the anal sphincters and pelvic ...
Borsoniidae
... siphonal canal and a deep anal sinus. The anterior canal has a moderate length and is slightly twisted to the left. The thin ...
Human digestive system
The large intestine includes the rectum and anal canal. Partially digested food starts to arrive in the small intestine as semi ... The pylorus, the lowest section of the stomach which attaches to the duodenum via the pyloric canal, contains countless glands ...
Human digestive system
The large intestine includes the rectum and anal canal.[2] Small intestine. ... The pylorus, the lowest section of the stomach which attaches to the duodenum via the pyloric canal, contains countless glands ...
Spergo glandiniformis
The siphonal canal and anal emargination are wide and shallow. The animal is of a yellowish color. The columellar muscle is ... Behind the proboscis the alimentary canal con-tinues of moderate size for nearly a whorl, when there is an inconspicuous ... The columella is obscurely thickened behind, attenuated anteriorly, as long as the siphonzl canal, straight, but slightly ... and a few feeble narrow threads on the base and the siphonal canal under a pale thin epidermis. The body whorl is compressed at ...
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
Hemorrhoids are normal vascular cushions found in the anal canal. 15% of a human's continence mechanism is attributed to the ...
Glossary of medicine
Anal+Canal at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "anal canal" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary ... In humans, the rectum is followed by the anal canal which is about 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long, before the gastrointestinal ... The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss). Anal canal - is the terminal ... The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most ...
Calliotectum
There is no differentiated siphonal canal, anal sulcus or fasciole. The shell is axially ribbed. The columella is thin and ...
Anocutaneous line
Anal canal Dentate line Hilton's Law Ewing MR (July 1954). "The white line of Hilton". Proceedings of the Royal Society of ... The anocutaneous line, also called the Hilton white line or intersphincteric groove, is a boundary in the anal canal. Below the ... The anocutaneous line represents the transition point from non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal to ... line is slightly below the pectinate line and a landmark for the intermuscular border between internal and external anal ...
Hirsuties coronae glandis
Colposcopy of the Vulva, Perineum and Anal Canal.gyncph.dk *^ Groff W (July 2009). "CO2 Laser Treats Pearly Penile Papules". ...
Fistula
Anal fistulas connect between the anal canal and the perianal skin. Anovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas occur when a hole ... Anal fistulas connect between the epithelialized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin. Anovaginal or rectovaginal ... Gastric fistula: from the stomach to the skin surface (K38.3) Fistula of appendix (K60) Anal and rectal fissures and fistulas ( ... K60.3) Anal fistula (K60.5) Anorectal fistula (fecal fistula, fistula-in-ano): connecting the rectum or other anorectal area to ...
Bursidae
The anterior and posterior canals are well developed. The siphonal canal at the anterior end is usually short. The anal canal ...
Hemorrhoid
There are three main cushions present in the normal anal canal. These are located classically at left lateral, right anterior, ... Other conditions that produce an anal mass include skin tags, anal warts, rectal prolapse, polyps, and enlarged anal papillae. ... Hemorrhoids, also spelled haemorrhoids, are vascular structures in the anal canal. In their normal state, they are cushions ... They contribute to 15-20% of anal closure pressure at rest and protect the internal and external anal sphincter muscles during ...
Development of the digestive system
The hindgut gives rise to the region from the distal third of the transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal. The ... The upper part of the anal canal is derived from endoderm of the hindgut. The lower part (one-third) is derived from ectoderm ... Subsequently, degeneration of the cloacal membrane establishes continuity between the upper and lower parts of the anal canal. ... distal part of the anal canal originates from the ectoderm. The hindgut enters the posterior region of the cloaca (future ...
Nassodonta insignis
... anal canal distinct. Color fawn to brown, last whorl decorated with a moderately broad, interrupted brown subsutural band and a ...
Cecum
... and anal canal "The Large Intestine". VideoHelp.com. https://sciencing.com/functions-cecum-6809336.html Nguyen H, Loustaunau C ...
Maxwellia angermeyerae
The ovate aperture has a small anal canal that point slightly backwards. The outer lip is crenulate, but has a smooth inner ... The siphonal canal is moderately long and, typical for this genus, fused above, almost sealed below and pointing to the left at ...
Fecal incontinence
The functioning of the anal canal can be damaged, traumatically or atraumatically. The resting tone of the anal canal is not ... Radiation induced FI may involve the anal canal as well as the rectum, when proctitis, anal fistula formation and diminished ... The procedure is also able to assess sensitivity of the anal canal and rectum. Anal electromyography tests for nerve damage, ... Such lesions include piles (inflamed hemorrhoids), anal fissures, anal cancer or fistulae. Obstetric injury may tear the anal ...
Argyropeza
The ovate aperture has a marked siphonal canal and a weak anal canal. The aperture is closed off by a thin, corneous, ...
Category:Mid-importance Anatomy articles
Talk:Anal canal. *Talk:Anal sulcus. *Talk:Anatomical snuffbox. *Talk:Anatomical Theatre of Padua ...
Rectal examination
Anal canal. *Anal sphincterotomy. *Anorectal manometry. *Lateral internal sphincterotomy. *Rubber band ligation ... for the estimation of the muscle tone of the anal sphincter, which may be useful in case of fecal incontinence or neurologic ... "Alien anal probe saw Saints Row IV refused classification in Australia". IGN Entertainment Inc. June 25, 2013. Retrieved July ... and anal glands. In horses it is a vital component of the clinical examination for colic, to determine the presence or absence ...
গলবিল - উইকিপিডিয়া
Anal canal. *Anal columns. *Anal valves. *Anal sinuses. *Pectinate line. *Sphincter ani internus muscle ...
腸梗阻 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
肛管(英语:Anal canal). *肛裂/肛瘘. *肛周脓肿(英语:Anal abscess) ...
Lactose intolerance
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Anatomical terms of location
Aboral (opposite to oral) is used to denote a location along the gastrointestinal canal that is relatively closer to the anus.[ ... For example, in a fish, the pectoral fins are dorsal to the anal fin, but ventral to the dorsal fin. ...
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
陰部神經 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
... anal canal)部位的感覺[6]:8。陰部神經會傳導陰莖及陰蒂的感覺,因此也是在陰莖勃起及陰蒂勃起過程中的传入神经[12] :147。陰部神經也負責射精相關的功能[13]。 ... 陰部神經的拉丁文為「Nervus pudendus」。「Nervus」一詞指的是神經;「Pudenda」一詞來自拉丁文,意即外生殖器官,乃源自「pudendum」這個字,意思是「帶來羞恥的部
Gastrulation - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ectoderm develops into the skin, nails, the epithelium of the nose, mouth and anal canal; the lens of the eye, the retina ...
Zotika mirov - Wîkîpediya
Zotik roleke di zayenditî de dilîze di kirdarê anal seks ango kirdarê zayendî bi riya qûn yan qûnetî (lotî) ku li pir ...
Cholescintigraphy
Anal canal. *Anal sphincterotomy. *Anorectal manometry. *Lateral internal sphincterotomy. *Rubber band ligation ...
Gonorrhea
The infection is usually spread from one person to another through vaginal, oral, or anal sex.[15][22] Men have a 20% risk of ... Newborn babies coming through the birth canal are given erythromycin ointment in the eyes to prevent blindness from infection. ... Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person.[1] This includes oral, anal, and vaginal sex.[1] It can ...
Proctoscopy
The proctoscope is used in the diagnosis of hemorrhoids, carcinoma of anal canal or rectum and rectal polyp. It is used ... The proctoscope is inserted into the anal canal with the patient in Sims' position. Fibre optic proctoscopes are now available ... is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum, or sigmoid colon. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and ...
Spigelian hernia
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Bacillary dysentery
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Pelvis
The external anal and urethral sphincters close the anus and the urethra. The former is surrounded by the bulbospongiosus which ... In a longitudinal osteofibrous canal on either side of the spine there is a group of muscles called the erector spinae which is ... This leaves a slit for the anal and urogenital openings. Because of the width of the genital aperture, which is wider in ... The dimensions of the head of the fetus and of the birth canal are accurately measured and compared, and the feasibility of ...
Sea cucumber
The pentamerous radial symmetry can also be seen in their five ambulacral canals.[35] The ambulacral canals are used in their ... holothurians species of the genus Actinopyga have anal teeth that prevent visitors from penetrating their anus.[31] ... A central haemal ring surrounds the pharynx next to the ring canal of the water vascular system, and sends off additional ... "When Fish Live in your Cloaca & How Anal Teeth are Important: The Pearlfish-Sea Cucumber Relationship". The Echinoblog ...
Upper gastrointestinal series
Anal canal. *Anal sphincterotomy. *Anorectal manometry. *Lateral internal sphincterotomy. *Rubber band ligation ...
Amoebic liver abscess
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Esophagus
Anal canal. *Anus. *Anal columns. *Anal valves. *Anal sinuses. *Pectinate line. *Internal anal sphincter ...
Intersex medical interventions
If the inguinal canal is open it must be closed to prevent hernia. Potential surgical problems include maintaining the blood ... Construction of a functional internal and external anal sphincter can be equally difficult when this has been disrupted as well ...
Lumbar plexus
In males it runs in the spermatic cord and in females in the inguinal canal together with the teres uteri ligament. It then ... and finally leaves the pelvic area through the obturator canal. In the thigh, it sends motor branches to obturator externus ...
神经 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
顏面神經管(英语:facial canal)內. *大岩部神經(英语:greater petrosal nerve) *翼顎神經節(英语:pterygopalatine ganglion) ... 肛门下神经(英语:inferior anal nerves). *會陰神經 *会阴神经深支
മലബന്ധം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Adhesion (medicine)
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Traveler's diarrhea
Anal canal. *Anal fissure/Anal fistula. *Anal abscess. *Hemorrhoid. *Anal dysplasia. *Pruritus ani ...
Ambulance
Boat - Boats can be used to serve as ambulances, especially in island areas[25] or in areas with a large number of canals, such ... "Accid Anal Prev. 35 (6): 941-8. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00102-1. PMID 12971929.. ...
Bariatric surgery
Anal canal. *Anal sphincterotomy. *Anorectal manometry. *Lateral internal sphincterotomy. *Rubber band ligation ...
Anal canal | anatomy | Britannica
The anal canal is 2.5 to 4 cm (1 to 1.5 inches) in length; its diameter is ... Anal canal, the terminal portion of the digestive tract, distinguished from the rectum because of the transition of its ... Nerves in the anal canal cause sphincter response and the sensation of pain. The lower part of the canal is very sensitive to ... The lower anal canal and the anal opening are composed of two muscular constrictions that regulate fecal passage. The internal ...
Anal Canal Anatomy: Gross Anatomy, Tissue, Nerves, and Muscles, Pathophysiologic Variants
... which lies between the anal verge (anal orifice, anus) in the perineum below and the rectum above. The description in this ... The anal canal is the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine, ... Anal Canal Anatomy) and Anal Canal Anatomy What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and Diseases. * Anal Canal Anatomy ... The anal canal is the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine, which lies between the anal verge (anal orifice ...
KEGG DISEASE: Cancer of the anal canal
2C00 Malignant neoplasms of anus or anal canal. H00044 Cancer of the anal canal. ... Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal accounts for 1.5 per cent of all digestive system cancers in the USA, with an ... H00044 Cancer of the anal canal. Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]. 02 Neoplasms. Malignant neoplasms, ... CEA, TPA, CA 19-9, SCC and CYFRA at diagnosis and in the follow-up of anal canal tumors. ...
Cisplatin Induction Gives No Survival Benefit in Anal Canal Cancer | Medpage Today
In patients with anal canal carcinoma, a rare malignancy, cisplatin-based induction therapy did not pan out, a randomized trial ... Cisplatin Induction Gives No Survival Benefit in Anal Canal Cancer. HOUSTON -- In patients with anal canal carcinoma, a rare ... Approximately 25% of newly diagnosed anal canal cancers are larger than 5 cm and clinically node positive. Studies have shown ... HOUSTON, April 23 -- In patients with anal canal carcinoma, a rare malignancy, cisplatin-based induction therapy did not pan ...
Radiation Oncology/Anal canal/Guidelines - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Radiation Oncology/Anal canal/Guidelines. From Wikibooks, open books for an open world ... ASCRS: Practice Parameters for Anal Squamous Neoplasm *2008 Guideline link. *2008 PMID 18030528 -- "Practice parameters for ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Radiation_Oncology/Anal_canal/Guidelines&oldid=2630613" ... Contouring Atlas and Planning Guidelines for Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Anal Cancer." (Ng M, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol ...
The effect of dose escalation for large squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal | SpringerLink
Purpose Chemoradiation allows for organ preservation in patients with anal cancer, but patients with large tumors (> 5 cm) have ... Changing patterns of anal canal carcinoma in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:1569-75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Prognostic factors for squamous cell cancer of the anal canal. Gastrointest Cancer Res GCR. 2008;2:10-4.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Epidermoid cancers of the anal canal: current treatment. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009;22:77-83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar ...
Radiation Oncology/Anal canal/RT Technique - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Radiation Oncology , Anal canal. This page may need to be reviewed for quality. ... Radiation Oncology/Anal canal/RT Technique. From Wikibooks, open books for an open world ... 2007 PMID 17276620 - "Conformal therapy improves the therapeutic index of patients with anal canal cancer treated with combined ... 2003 PMID 12788191 - "Contribution of conformal therapy in the treatment of anal canal carcinoma with combined chemotherapy and ...
Idiopathic Hypertensive Anal Canal: a Place of Internal Sphincterotomy - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Idiopathic hypertensive anal canal is a fact and already exists presented by anal pain aggravated by defecation. It can be ... Idiopathic Hypertensive Anal Canal: a Place of Internal Sphincterotomy. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... Hypertensive Anal Canal Procedure: lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) Drug: Glycerin trinitrate (GTN) Drug: botulinum toxin ... All were instructed to apply the GTN ointment 0.2 % twice a day to the edge and just inside the anal canal for 8 week course. ...
Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Feasibility Study - BioPortfolio.com
More From BioPortfolio on "Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Feasibility Study". *Related Companies *Related Clinical Trials * ... Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Feasibility Study. 20:00 EDT 9 Oct 2019 , Cancer Networks ... Articles] Cervical determinants of anal HPV infection and high-grade anal lesions in women: a collaborative pooled analysis ... Greater prevalence of anal cancer precursors for women living with HIV than prior reports ...
Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Refractory Metastatic Anal Canal Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic Anal Canal Carcinoma Recurrent Anal Canal Carcinoma Stage IV Anal Canal Cancer ... Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Refractory Metastatic Anal Canal Cancer. The safety and scientific validity of this study ... This phase II trial studies how well nivolumab works in treating patients with anal canal cancer that has not responded to ... To evaluate the grade 3 and 4 toxicity rate in patients with previously treated metastatic SCCA of the anal canal when treated ...
Anal canal pressure after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with strengthened internal anal sphincter.
Anal Canal / physiology*, surgery*. Anastomosis, Surgical. Colitis, Ulcerative / surgery*. Colonic Pouches*. Female. Humans. ... Basal resting anal canal pressure and pressure after voluntary contraction were recorded preoperatively, one month after ... ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed after a modified surgical technique for strengthening the internal anal sphincter by ... Previous Document: Why do anal wounds heal adequately? A study of the local immunoinflammatory defense mechanisms.. Next ...
Metachronous Anal Canal and Prostate Cancers with Simultaneous Definitive Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
... ... Anal canal cancer is rare, accounting for only 1.3% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Prostate cancer incidence is ... Screening for synchronous prostate cancer in male anal canal cancer patients is probably indicated and may preclude suboptimal ... was also diagnosed with anal canal cancer. We conclude that a simultaneous approach with radiation therapy and chemotherapy ...
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Perforation+of+the+colon+by+high-pressure+water+inserted+via+the+anal...-a0204550762
Perforation of the colon by high-pressure water inserted via the anal canal.(Clinical Images, Case study) by South African ... APA style: Perforation of the colon by high-pressure water inserted via the anal canal.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). ... MLA style: "Perforation of the colon by high-pressure water inserted via the anal canal.." The Free Library. 2009 South African ... The hose had been inserted approximately 30-40 cm into the anal canal. There was extensive guarding on palpation of the abdomen ...
EACC - Epidermoid Anal Canal Carcinoma | AcronymAttic
EACC stands for Epidermoid Anal Canal Carcinoma. EACC is defined as Epidermoid Anal Canal Carcinoma rarely. ... www.acronymattic.com/Epidermoid-Anal-Canal-Carcinoma-(EACC).html. *Chicago style: Acronym Attic. S.v. "EACC." Retrieved ... www.acronymattic.com/Epidermoid-Anal-Canal-Carcinoma-(EACC).html,EACC,/a,. ... www.acronymattic.com/Epidermoid-Anal-Canal-Carcinoma-(EACC).html ... EACC stands for Epidermoid Anal Canal Carcinoma. Advertisement: ...
Seguimento dos doentes soropositivos e soronegativos para o HIV com carcinoma espinocelular do canal anal
Surgery in Treating Patients With Early Stage Anal Canal or Perianal Cancer and HIV Infection | Clinical Research Trial Listing...
Stage 0 Anal Canal Cancer , HIV infection , Surgery in Treating Patients With Early Stage Anal Canal or Perianal Cancer and HIV ... Clinical trial for Stage I Anal Canal Cancer , Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma , ... Surgery in Treating Patients With Early Stage Anal Canal or Perianal Cancer and HIV Infection Brief description of study. This ... anal squamous cancers at sites other than the location of the index SISCCA in patients treated with excision of anal canal and ...
Case report of long term survivor of metastatic cloacogenic carcinoma of the anal canal with chemotherapy. - PubMed - NCBI
Organ-preserving multimodality management of squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal - Gate2Biotech.com
METHODS: Forty biopsy-proven untreated patients (28 men) with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal received two cycles of ... Organ-preserving multimodality management of squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal. Date: 4.1.2011 ... sequential chemoradiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, and of salvage surgery in those in whom this ... Three patients had post-treatment anal stenosis requiring repeated dilatation and two had chronic non-healing ulcers at the ...
Topical phenylephrine increases anal canal resting pressure in patients with faecal incontinence | Gut
Topical phenylephrine increases anal canal resting pressure in patients with faecal incontinence | Gut
... and is the main factor responsible for the generation of anal canal resting pressure.8 Given that the internal anal sphincter ... When baseline measurements had been obtained, a 2.5 cm strip of the test gel was applied to the distal anal canal using the ... 1993) In vitro response of the human anal canal longitudinal muscle layer to cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation: evidence ... Topical phenylephrine increases anal canal resting pressure in patients with faecal incontinence ...
Surgical Anatomy of the Rectum, Anal Canal, Perineum, and Colon | Springer for Research & Development
Walls EW (1959) Recent observations on the anatomy of the anal canal. Proc R Soc Med [Suppl] 52:85-87Google Scholar ... Lane R, Parks AG (1977) Function of the anal sphincters following colo-anal anastomosis. Br J Surg 64:596-599PubMedCrossRef ... Huber A. (1998) Surgical Anatomy of the Rectum, Anal Canal, Perineum, and Colon. In: Marti MC., Givel JC. (eds) Surgical ... Dickinson VA (1978) Maintenance of anal continence: a review of pelvic floor physiology. Gut 19:1163-1174PubMedCrossRefGoogle ...
Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal and Perianal Skin and Their Relation to Human Papillomaviruses | Cancer...
... and located in the anal canal (P ≤ 0.01) than were cancers in heterosexual men. In both women and men, anal canal cancers ... had cancers involving the anal canal, whereas 44% (n = 24) had perianal skin cancers. These proportions of anal canal cancers ... Anal Localization and Age.. Patients with anal canal cancers were older (median = 64 years for women and 62 years for men) than ... hrHPV and Anal Localization.. Considerably more cancers involving the anal canal were hrHPV positive (95% among women and 83% ...
Identification of epithelial label-retaining cells at the transition between the anal canal and the rectum in mice
33 In anal cancers, tumors can develop in the perianal skin, anal margin and anal canal. Interestingly, tumors of the anal ... Singh R, Nime F, Mittelman A. Malignant epithelial tumors of the anal canal. Cancer. 1981;48:411-415. [PubMed] ... Identification of epithelial label-retaining cells at the transition between the anal canal and the rectum in mice. Laura A ... We identified a population of long-term GFP label-retaining cells concentrated at the junction between the anal canal and the ...
Multiple human papillomavirus infections are highly prevalent in the anal canal of human immunodeficiency virus-positive men...
In the present study we determined the prevalence and nature of HPV co-infections in the anal canal of 324 HIV+ MSM attending a ... HIV+ MSM show a very high rate of HPV infections in the anal canal and those with type 16 exhibited a multiplicity of ... infections are highly prevalent among HIV+ MSM and recent studies have shown high rates of HPV-associated anal intraepithelial ... Anal cancer has become one of the most common non-AIDS-defined tumors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) ...
Safety and antitumor activity of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent carcinoma of the anal canal |...
Safety and antitumor activity of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent carcinoma of the anal canal ... Of the 43 patients with advanced anal carcinoma evaluable for PD-L1 expression, 32 (74%) had PD-L1-positive tumors as assessed ... In this population of patients with PD-L1-positive advanced squamous cell anal carcinoma, pembrolizumab demonstrated a ... We report results for the cohort of patients with advanced anal carcinoma. ...
Cancer of the anal canal<...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Cancer of the anal canal. Together they form a unique fingerprint. * Anal Canal ... title = "Cancer of the anal canal",. abstract = "Anal neoplasms are uncommon lesions, representing only 1-4% of all malignant ... McMurrick, P. J., Nelson, H., Goldberg, R. M., & Haddock, M. (1999). Cancer of the anal canal. In Integrated Cancer Management ... Cancer of the anal canal. / McMurrick, Paul J.; Nelson, Heidi; Goldberg, Richard M.; Haddock, Michael. ...
Anal canal | definition of anal canal by Medical dictionary
... anal canal explanation free. What is anal canal? Meaning of anal canal medical term. What does anal canal mean? ... Looking for online definition of anal canal in the Medical Dictionary? ... anal sphincter. the internal anal sphincter is formed from smooth muscle of the anal canal while the external anal sphincter, ... Anal canal , definition of anal canal by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anal+canal ...
Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer<...
title = "Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer",. abstract = "Anal cancer is a rare malignancy, although its incidence has been ... Nelson, V. M., & Benson III, A. B. (2017). Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, 26(1 ... Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer. In: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 2017 ; Vol. 26, No. 1. pp. 9-15. ... Nelson, VM & Benson III, AB 2017, Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer, Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, vol. 26, no ...
Anal Canal - Perineum and External Genitalia | Lecturio
Anal Canal - Perineum and External Genitalia & boost your knowledge! Study for your classes, USMLE, MCAT or MBBS. Learn online ... Anatomy and Most Common Diseases of the Rectum and Anal Canal Rectum (in Latin: Rectum, in Greek: Proktos) and anal canal (in ... Hemorrhoids and anal fistulas are also diseases of the straight intestine that a physician will often be faced with in practice ...
Burning sensation in anus area. Diagnosed with piles in anal canal. Is it normal to have burning sensation in piles?
Is it normal to have burning sensation in piles?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Anal fissure, Ask ... also after it.What should I apply inside the anal canal. The doctor doing the proctoscope mentioned that I dont have any anal ... You can apply that ointment with the applicator inside the anal canal as well.. Daflon will help you get rid of the piles but ... I have been diagnosed with piles in my anal canal by a surgeon who did a proctoscope.But I am having burning sensation around ...
SphincterCarcinoma of the anal canalLocalized anal canal carcinomaCancersLocally advanced anal canal carcinomaVergeIncluding anal cancerTumorsRadiotherapyRectum and anal canalPerineumLower anal canalNeoplasiaRadiationSphinctersReceptive anal intercourseSinusesDentate lineAbstractEpitheliumInfectionPectinate lineChemotherapy2017Wall of the anal canalCancer of the anal canalAnatomy of the anal canalPelvic diaphragmHemorrhoidsAnorectal junctionColonDiagnosis of anal cancerIncidence of anal cancerAssociated with anal cancerPosteriorMelanomaChemoradiationCervicalGlandsJunctionMucosaCloacogenicSquamous cell analDiseasesPatients with faecal incontinenceMucous membraneTumorInternalLarge intestinePersistentDefecation
Sphincter36
- The external sphincter is a layer of voluntary (striated) muscle encircling the outside wall of the anal canal and anal opening. (britannica.com)
- Nerves in the anal canal cause sphincter response and the sensation of pain. (britannica.com)
- Anal canal pressure after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with strengthened internal anal sphincter. (biomedsearch.com)
- In 26 patients (54.17 percent of the cases), 10 males and 16 females, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed after a modified surgical technique for strengthening the internal anal sphincter by creation of a smooth muscle cuff through plication of a mucosectomized segment of residual rectum. (biomedsearch.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with rectal plication perhaps improved sphincter function. (biomedsearch.com)
- a bluish pink, narrow, wavy zone in the mucosa of the anal canal below the pectinate line at the level of the interval between the subcutaneous part of the external sphincter and the lower border of the internal sphincter, said to be palpable. (thefreedictionary.com)
- INTRODUCTION The internal anal sphincter receives a stimulatory alpha 1 adrenergic innervation. (bmj.com)
- METHODS Ten patients (seven females, median age 66 years) with passive faecal incontinence related to weak internal anal sphincter were studied. (bmj.com)
- Incontinence can also occur when the anal sphincter muscles are structurally intact, as assessed by endoanal ultrasound. (bmj.com)
- The commonest cause for this appears to be a degenerative disorder of the internal anal sphincter. (bmj.com)
- 2 In this condition the internal sphincter becomes fibrotic and weak, leading to a reduced maximum anal canal resting pressure (MRP) and episodes of passive faecal incontinence (loss of stool without the patients's awareness. (bmj.com)
- In patients with external anal sphincter disruption, surgical repair of the sphincter is effective. (bmj.com)
- The internal anal sphincter exists in a state of tonic contraction, and is the main factor responsible for the generation of anal canal resting pressure. (bmj.com)
- 8 Given that the internal anal sphincter receives an extrinsic innervation which modulates its tone, we hypothesised that it may be possible to mimic the effect of this innervation and pharmacologically increase internal anal sphincter tone. (bmj.com)
- 11 A recent pilot study from this unit has shown that topical phenylephrine can increase internal anal sphincter tone in healthy volunteers. (bmj.com)
- Harris LD, Winans CS, Pope CE (1966) Determination of yield pressure: a method for measuring anal sphincter competence. (springer.com)
- The entire length of the anal canal is surrounded by sphincter muscles, and the canal remains closed except during defecation and passage of flatus. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The submucous space of the canal lies above the white line between the mucous membrane and internal anal sphincter muscle . (ipfs.io)
- Internal anal sphincter - surrounds the upper 2/3 of the anal canal. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- External anal sphincter - voluntary muscle that surrounds the lower 2/3 of the anal canal (and so overlaps with the internal sphincter). (teachmeanatomy.info)
- It is formed by the fusion of the internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle, and is palpable on digital rectal examination . (teachmeanatomy.info)
- The anal canal, which is 3 to 4 cm long, is defined surgically by the borders of the internal anal sphincter ( Fig. 32.1 ). (clinicalgate.com)
- 2 , 3 The surgical anal canal begins at the apex of the anal sphincter complex. (clinicalgate.com)
- The anal ducts are long, tubular structures that closely approach or penetrate the internal sphincter muscle and may undermine the rectal mucosa. (clinicalgate.com)
- The internal anal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is a continuation of the inner muscular layer of the rectal muscularis propria whereas the external anal sphincter is composed of striated muscle. (abdominalkey.com)
- It's encompassed by an inner automatic sphincter and an outer voluntary sphincter, whose tone keeps the anal canal closed with the exception of during the defecation. (earthslab.com)
- The white line of Hilton is situated in the junction of the subcutaneous external anal sphincter and the lower end of internal anal sphincter, and represented by the anal intersphincteric groove. (earthslab.com)
- I.S. Internal anal sphincter . (wikipedia.org)
- E.S External anal sphincter . (wikipedia.org)
- lastly in the male, the anterior fibers descend upon the side of the prostate to unite beneath it with the muscle of the opposite side, joining with the fibers of the external anal sphincter and transverse perineal muscles , at the central tendinous point of the perineum . (wikipedia.org)
- This mass contacted the internal sphincter of the anal canal and the emergence of the vagina and vulva without invading them, and pushed the surrounding structures without destruction. (npplweb.com)
- Pelvic MRI (Sagittal section) showing the mass in contact with the internal sphincter of the anal canal, vagina and vulva without any invasion. (npplweb.com)
- The local excision was carried out, resecting just a small amount of fibres of the anal sphincter. (npplweb.com)
- Treatment for anal canal cancer has evolved from radical operations to definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which allows for sphincter preservation in most patients. (springer.com)
- The relationship between the fistula tract and the anal sphincter is essential for treatment and prognosis. (wirralsurgeon.co.uk)
- Surgery is the treatment of choice, with the goals of draining infection, eradicating the fistulous tract, and avoiding persistent or recurrent disease while preserving anal sphincter function. (wirralsurgeon.co.uk)
Carcinoma of the anal canal7
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal accounts for 1.5 per cent of all digestive system cancers in the USA, with an estimated 4,660 new cases and 660 deaths in 2006. (genome.jp)
- RTOG 0529: a phase II evaluation of dose-painted IMRT in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for reduction of acute morbidity in carcinoma of the anal canal. (springer.com)
- A multi-institutional pilot feasibility study looks at pencil beam scanning proton beam chemoradiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for definitive treatment of carcinoma of the anal canal. (bioportfolio.com)
- Case report of long term survivor of metastatic cloacogenic carcinoma of the anal canal with chemotherapy. (nih.gov)
- AIM: To study the efficacy of an organ-preserving, sequential chemoradiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, and of salvage surgery in those in whom this treatment fails. (gate2biotech.com)
- METHODS: Forty biopsy-proven untreated patients (28 men) with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal received two cycles of chemotherapy using cisplatin and methotrexate, followed by 45 to 60 (median 50) Gy external beam radiotherapy. (gate2biotech.com)
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with an increasing annual incidence globally. (aacrjournals.org)
Localized anal canal carcinoma1
- Cisplatin should not replace mitomycin when given with fluorouracil and radiotherapy in the primary treatment of localized anal canal carcinoma," they concluded. (medpagetoday.com)
Cancers16
- Approximately 25% of newly diagnosed anal canal cancers are larger than 5 cm and clinically node positive. (medpagetoday.com)
- Studies have shown that chemoradiation is superior to radiation alone for treatment of anal canal cancers. (medpagetoday.com)
- Additionally, chemoradiation therapy has proved to be more effective against smaller anal canal cancers, suggesting that a strategy to downsize or downstage tumors before chemoradiation might improve outcomes. (medpagetoday.com)
- To define the 1-year proportion of participants who develop incident anal squamous cancers at sites other than the location of the index SISCCA in patients treated with excision of anal canal and perianal SISCCA. (centerwatch.com)
- V. Characterize genetic changes in anal cancers compared with HSIL overlying or contiguous with the cancer. (centerwatch.com)
- Most anal cancers arise from skin cells and are called squamous cell carcinomas. (gcrsa.com)
- We do not know the exact cause of most anal cancers. (gcrsa.com)
- Smoking - Harmful chemicals from smoking increase the risk of most cancers including anal cancer. (gcrsa.com)
- Anal cancers form in a part of the digestive tract that the doctor can see and reach easily. (gcrsa.com)
- How are anal cancers treated? (gcrsa.com)
- Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy with an annual incidence of approximately 6 per 1,000,000 and accounting for only a small percentage (4%) of all cancers of the lower gastrointestinal tract. (doctorslounge.com)
- Some T1, N0 anal margin cancers can be surgically excised without the need for further treatment. (medscape.com)
- This factor of Surgical Oncology Clinics of North the United States, visitor edited via Dr. Cathy Eng, is dedicated to Anal Canal Cancers. (searchbv.nl)
- Human papillomavirus: Examination of squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues from patients in Denmark and Sweden showed a high proportion of anal cancers to be positive for the types of HPV that are also associated with high risk of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Based on the study in Denmark and Sweden, Parkin estimated that 90% of anal cancers are attributable to HPV. (wikipedia.org)
- Most anal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (epidermoid carcinomas), that arises near the squamocolumnar junction. (wikipedia.org)
Locally advanced anal canal carcinoma2
- Induction chemotherapy and dose intensification of the radiation boost in locally advanced anal canal carcinoma: final analysis of the randomized UNICANCER ACCORD 03 Trial. (springer.com)
- France (Montpellier), 2007 PMID 18005443 - "Optimal organ-sparing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) regimen for the treatment of locally advanced anal canal carcinoma: a comparison of conventional and IMRT plans. (wikibooks.org)
Verge12
- The anal canal is the most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine, which lies between the anal verge (anal orifice, anus) in the perineum below and the rectum above. (medscape.com)
- compare this with the anal canal skin above the anal verge, which is also pigmented and keratinized but does not have skin appendages. (medscape.com)
- The epithelium of the anal canal between the anal verge below and the pectinate line above is variously described as anal mucosa or anal skin. (medscape.com)
- Three patients had post-treatment anal stenosis requiring repeated dilatation and two had chronic non-healing ulcers at the anal verge. (gate2biotech.com)
- The anal verge is the distal end of the anal canal, forming a transitional zone between the epithelium of the anal canal and the perianal skin . (ipfs.io)
- which lies between the anal verge ( anal orifice, anus) in the perineum below and the rectum above. (lookformedical.com)
- Anal cancer arises from the cells around the anal opening (verge) or within the anal canal (1-2 inches long) up to its junction with the rectum. (gcrsa.com)
- Rectal cancer is defined as cancer arising below the peritoneal reflection, up to approximately 12 to15 cm from the anal verge. (cancernetwork.com)
- The anal canal ends at the anal verge, where the anal squamous mucosa merges with the true anal skin. (clinicalgate.com)
- The anal canal measures approximately 4 cm in length and extends from the caudal end of the rectum to the anal verge. (abdominalkey.com)
- and the lower part of the anal canal stretches from the pectinate line to the anal verge. (earthslab.com)
- At the rectal exam, there was a large mass in the perianal left side starting from the anal verge. (npplweb.com)
Including anal cancer1
- Stopping smoking lowers the risk of many types of cancer, including anal cancer. (gcrsa.com)
Tumors8
- CEA, TPA, CA 19-9, SCC and CYFRA at diagnosis and in the follow-up of anal canal tumors. (genome.jp)
- Explain to patients who ask that chemotherapy designed to shrink anal tumors before primary treatment failed to improve outcomes compared with standard treatment. (medpagetoday.com)
- Anal cancer has become one of the most common non-AIDS-defined tumors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) individuals, and a rise in its incidence among HIV+ Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) has been shown, despite the introduction of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). (biomedcentral.com)
- Extended pelvic resection for rectal and anal canal tumors is a significant risk factor for. (deepdyve.com)
- Of the 43 patients with advanced anal carcinoma evaluable for PD-L1 expression, 32 (74%) had PD-L1-positive tumors as assessed with the 22C3 prototype assay, of whom 25 were enrolled between April and September 2014. (snfge.org)
- Anal neoplasms are uncommon lesions, representing only 1-4% of all malignant tumors of the lower gastrointestinal tract. (elsevier.com)
- Five patients with T1-3 N0-1 anal cancer and five with T4 and/or N2-3 tumors were selected. (springer.com)
- Clinical tumor volume (CTV) included tumor, anal canal and inguinal, peri-rectal, and internal/external iliac nodes (plus pre-sacral nodes for T4/N2-3 tumors). (springer.com)
Radiotherapy10
- 2012 PMID 22401917 -- "Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG) Contouring Atlas and Planning Guidelines for Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Anal Cancer. (wikibooks.org)
- 2007 PMID 17276620 - "Conformal therapy improves the therapeutic index of patients with anal canal cancer treated with combined chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy. (wikibooks.org)
- 2003 PMID 12788191 - "Contribution of conformal therapy in the treatment of anal canal carcinoma with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy: results of a phase II study. (wikibooks.org)
- Jaffer A. Ajani, M.D., of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, and colleagues conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing treatment with fluorouracil plus mitomycin and radiotherapy vs. treatment with fluorouracil plus cisplatin and radiotherapy in 682 patients with anal canal cancer. (medica-tradefair.com)
- Treatment guidelines for anal cancer involve radiotherapy to the primary site and draining lymphatics while treatment for prostate cancer can also include pelvic radiotherapy. (hindawi.com)
- The best curative option for locally advanced (stages II-III) squamous-cell carcinomas of the anal canal (SCCAC) is concurrent chemo-radiotherapy delivering 36-45 Gy to the prophylactic planning target volume with an additional boost of 14-20 Gy to the gross tumor volume with or without a gap-period between these two sequences. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- Contouring Atlas and Planning Guidelines for Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Anal Cancer. (lookformedical.com)
- treatment with fluorouracil plus cisplatin and radiotherapy in 682 patients with anal canal cancer. (lookformedical.com)
- Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and helical tomotherapy (HT) have been adopted for radiotherapy treatment of anal canal carcinoma (ACC) due to better conformality, dose homogeneity and normal-tissue sparing compared to 3D-CRT. (biomedcentral.com)
- Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced anal cancer: results of a phase III randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups. (springer.com)
Rectum and anal canal3
- Rectum and anal canal anatomy. (medscape.com)
- Coronal section of rectum and anal canal. (medscape.com)
- Rectum and anal canal: want to learn more about it? (kenhub.com)
Perineum5
- It lies in the anal triangle of perineum in between the right and left ischioanal fossa . (ipfs.io)
- The anal canal is located within the anal triangle of the perineum between the right and left ischioanal fossae. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- The Anal Canal is the terminal part (3.8 cm long) of the large intestine , situated in the perineum below the pelvic diaphragm . (earthslab.com)
- The anal canal is situated in the anal triangle of the perineum between the left and right fat filled up ischiorectal fossae. (earthslab.com)
- The anal triangle is the posterior part of the perineum. (wikipedia.org)
Lower anal canal2
- The lower anal canal and the anal opening are composed of two muscular constrictions that regulate fecal passage. (britannica.com)
- The lower anal canal is further split into 2 regions: upper and lower. (earthslab.com)
Neoplasia9
- Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) incidences are bigger among human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and are associated to immunity and to HIV infection. (scielo.br)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are highly prevalent among HIV+ MSM and recent studies have shown high rates of HPV-associated anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer among this population. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study emphasizes the need for an early detection of HPV infections among HIV+ MSM in order to establish its utility to prevent anal neoplasia and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Imiquimod in HIV-infected patients with high-grade anal canal intraepithelial neoplasia. (springer.com)
- 1 - 5 ] GIST of the anal canal is extremely rare and there is no widely accepted treatment approach for this neoplasia. (npplweb.com)
- Anal squamous cell carcinoma develops at the anal squamocolumnar junction and arises from a precancerous lesion called high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN-II, AIN-III). (medscape.com)
- Anal cancer research has adopted terminology that mirrors the grading of cervical dysplasia (ie, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades I, II, and III). (medscape.com)
- Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grade I is low-grade dysplasia (LGAIN), while AIN-II and AIN-III are high-grade dysplasia (HGAIN), which is then thought to progress to invasive cancer, as in the cervical model. (medscape.com)
- More than 30% had abnormal anal Pap smears and one third of those already had anal intraepitehlial neoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
Radiation12
- 10-years: 2008 PMID 18472363 -- "Evaluation of planned treatment breaks during radiation therapy for anal cancer: update of RTOG 92-08. (wikibooks.org)
- 2000-2006) PMID 17925552 -- "Concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal canal cancer patients: a multicenter experience. (wikibooks.org)
- U Chicago, 2005 PMID 16168830 "Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of anal cancer: toxicity and clinical outcome. (wikibooks.org)
- Radiation Oncology , Anal canal . (lookformedical.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: Inguinal sentinel node biopsy in anal cancer is efficient and could assist in the decision for inguinal radiation. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology-Rectal/Anal Cancer, Hong TS, Pretz JL, et al. (springer.com)
- Treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma is with the combination of radiation and chemotherapy, including 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin at the beginning and at the end of a 4- to 6-week radiation regimen. (medscape.com)
- 13) Glimelius B, Pahlman L. Radiation therapy of anal epidermoid carcinoma. (rmu.org.uy)
- To compare the dosimetric advantage of three different intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans to a three dimensional (3D) conventional radiation treatment for anal cancer with regards to organs-at-risk (OAR) avoidance, including iliac bone marrow. (springer.com)
- IMRT is superior to 3D conformal radiation treatment for anal carcinoma with respect to OAR sparing, including bone marrow sparing. (springer.com)
- The standard of care for the curative treatment of anal canal carcinoma has evolved over the past three decades, from abdomino-perineal resection and life-long colostomy to organ preservation therapy using combined radiation and chemotherapy. (springer.com)
- Considering these results, our goal was to find an optimal radiation protocol which can treat anal cancer at high doses while providing not only gastrointestinal and dermatologic but also adequate iliac bone marrow sparing. (springer.com)
Sphincters8
- Endorectal ultrasound revealed a mass invading both sphincters (T4 lesion), and extending 6 cm into the anal canal. (biomedsearch.com)
- All patients had intact anal sphincters as assessed by endoanal ultrasound. (bmj.com)
- Lane R, Parks AG (1977) Function of the anal sphincters following colo-anal anastomosis. (springer.com)
- surrounded by the internal and external anal sphincters. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The anal canal contains two muscular rings ( SPHINCTERS ) that can close it tightly and seven or more longitudinal pads of MUCOUS MEMBRANE that contain veins and press together to act as an additional sealing mechanism. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Except during defecation, the anal canal is collapsed by the internal and external anal sphincters to prevent the passage of faecal material. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- Fig 1 - The Internal and external anal sphincters. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- There are just two sphincters, (internal and external), around the anal canal, which supply strong sphincteric mechanism in the distal end of the gastrointestinal tract. (earthslab.com)
Receptive anal intercourse3
- The incidence in men younger than 35 has increased and the sex ratio is reversed in this group which is also related to receptive anal intercourse. (doctorslounge.com)
- Overall, the risk of anal cancer is rising, with data suggesting that persons engaging in certain sexual practices, such as receptive anal intercourse, or persons with a high lifetime number of sexual partners are at increased risk of anal cancer. (doctorslounge.com)
- Sexual activity: Due to increased risk of exposure to HPV, having multiple sex partners and receptive anal intercourse greatly increases the likelihood of developing anal cancer, for men and women. (wikipedia.org)
Sinuses6
- Anal glands open above the anal valves into the anal sinuses. (medscape.com)
- At the bottom of these columns are anal sinuses or crypts, into which open the anal glands and anal papillae. (medscape.com)
- Above the anal valves are small pouches which are referred to as anal sinuses - these contain glands that secrete mucus. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- The surface of the anal canal is lined by vertical mucosal folds called anal columns (i.e., columns of Morgagni), and it is separated by anal sinuses (i.e., sinuses of Morgagni). (clinicalgate.com)
- Anal sinuses: All these are vertical recesses between the anal Pillars and above the anal valves. (earthslab.com)
- The ducts of tubular anal glands existing in the submucosa open in the floor of anal sinuses. (earthslab.com)
Dentate line7
- The length of the anal canal is about 4 cm (range, 3-5 cm), with two thirds of this being above the pectinate line (also known as the dentate line) and one third below the pectinate line. (medscape.com)
- The anal valves collectively form an irregular circle - known as the pectinate line (or dentate line). (teachmeanatomy.info)
- The dentate line (i.e., pectinate line) is located at the inferior limit of the anal valves and delineates the fusion of these two epithelial derivatives. (clinicalgate.com)
- The dentate line also indicates the approximate former site of the anal membrane that ruptures in the eighth week of gestation. (clinicalgate.com)
- This palpable landmark (i.e., anal rectal ring) is located approximately 1 to 2 cm proximal to the dentate line. (clinicalgate.com)
- The location of the anal valves corresponds to the dentate line, which is located approximately at the midpoint of the surgically defined anal canal. (clinicalgate.com)
- The dentate line is the point of demarcation in the anal canal between the embryological endoderm and the ectoderm. (abdominalkey.com)
Abstract1
- abstract = "Anal cancer is a rare malignancy, although its incidence has been increasingly in recent decades. (northwestern.edu)
Epithelium13
- Above this transitional zone, the anal canal is lined with columnar epithelium (which is insensitive to cutting). (medscape.com)
- One possibility is that the abrupt transition of the simple columnar epithelium of the colon to the stratified squamous epithelium of the proximal portion of the anal canal may contain a unique stem cell niche. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Moreover, tracking the fate of the anal label-retaining cells in vivo revealed that the slow-cycling cells only gave rise to progeny of the anal epithelium. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The zona columnaris is the upper half of the canal and is lined by simple columnar epithelium . (ipfs.io)
- The lower 1/3 of the anal canal is lined by stratified squamous epithelium that blends with the skin. (ipfs.io)
- The superior aspect of the anal canal has the same epithelial lining as the rectum ( columnar epithelium ). (teachmeanatomy.info)
- Inferior to the pectinate line, the anal canal is lined by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium (known as the anal pecten). (teachmeanatomy.info)
- Microscopically, the epithelium lining the anal transition zone varies from a type that resembles the lower genitourinary tract to stratified squamous, columnar, or cuboidal tissue, often with islands of colorectal-type epithelium ( Fig. 32.2 ). (clinicalgate.com)
- 1 Despite its resemblance to bladder epithelium, the anal transition zone expresses cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK19 but not CK20. (clinicalgate.com)
- 5 , 6 Immunohistochemical studies with human melanoma black 45 (HMB-45), an anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody, and S100 protein have demonstrated melanocytes in the anal transitional epithelium, although they are usually more prominent in the anal squamous zone. (clinicalgate.com)
- The photomicrograph also contains an anal duct lined by anal transitional epithelium. (clinicalgate.com)
- These ducts are lined by transitional epithelium and mucus-producing cells, which are most common at the terminal portion of the ducts before their opening into the anal crypts. (clinicalgate.com)
- Anal squamous cell cancer is believed to be directly linked to the presence of a complex inflammatory process most commonly caused by HPV infection (particularly with serotypes 16 and 18) in the histologically unique area of the anal squamocolumnar epithelium. (medscape.com)
Infection12
- Infection of the anal glands is likely the initial event in causation of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano. (medscape.com)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is also associated with anal cancer. (genome.jp)
- HPV infection is transient in most immunocompetent individuals, but HIV-positive patients have evidence of persistent HPV infection within the anal canal. (genome.jp)
- This phase II trial studies surgery in treating patients with anal canal or perianal cancer that is small and has not spread deeply into the tissues and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (centerwatch.com)
- Anal warts - Infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) which causes condyloma (warts) may increase the chance of developing anal cancer. (gcrsa.com)
- Avoid anal sex and infection with HPV and HIV. (gcrsa.com)
- HPV infection is strongly associated with anal cancer development and may be a necessary step in its carcinogenesis. (doctorslounge.com)
- Chlamydial infection in women, herpes-simplex type 2 and gonorrhea in men have all been associated with an increased risk of developing anal cancer. (doctorslounge.com)
- The commonest non-neoplastic conditions in the anal canal include haemorrhoids, fissures, fibroepithelial polyps and associated abscesses, manifestations of Crohn's disease, Human Papilloma Virus infection, and other sexually transmitted infections (some of which are secondary to HIV). (abdominalkey.com)
- Figure 2: Image of suspected necrotizing perianal infection in the case patient showing destruction of the posterior anal canal. (nature.com)
- Anal squamous cell carcinoma is a distinct disease entity that, like cervical cancer, is primarily linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. (medscape.com)
- Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer. (rmu.org.uy)
Pectinate line8
- The pectinate line is not seen on inspection in clinical practice, but under anesthesia the anal canal descends down, and the pectinate line can be seen on slight retraction of the anal canal skin. (medscape.com)
- The anal canal just above the pectinate line for about 1-2 cm is called the anal pecten or transitional zone. (medscape.com)
- The anal canal above the pectinate line is supplied by the terminal branches of the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery, which is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. (medscape.com)
- The lower half of the anal canal, below the pectinate line , is divided into two zones separated by Hilton's white line . (ipfs.io)
- Fig 2 - The anal columns, anal valves and pectinate line. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- As discussed above, the pectinate line divides the anal canal into two parts - which have a different arterial supply, venous drainage, innervation and lymphatic drainage. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- The anal canal is split into upper and lower parts by the pectinate line. (earthslab.com)
- The pectinate line represents the embryological site of connection of the anal membrane. (earthslab.com)
Chemotherapy1
- A fifty-two years old Egyptian lady, case of cloacogenic carcinoma of anal canal with extensive liver metastasis showed complete remission with 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(CDDP) chemotherapy only and remains disease free five & haf years after therapy. (nih.gov)
20171
- Nelson, VM & Benson III, AB 2017, ' Epidemiology of Anal Canal Cancer ', Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America , vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 9-15. (northwestern.edu)
Wall of the anal canal2
- The outer layers of the wall of the anal canal are derived from the surrounding splanchnic mesenchyme. (clinicalgate.com)
- The wall of the anal canal is composed of striated muscle and smooth muscle. (abdominalkey.com)
Cancer of the anal canal4
- Cancer of the anal canal, a reality in the Colombian coffee region. (ecancer.org)
- Nigro ND, Vaitkevicius VK, Buroker T, Bradley GT, Considine B. Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal. (springer.com)
- Nigro ND, Vaitkevicius VK, Considine B Jr. Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal: a preliminary report. (springer.com)
- Epidermoid cancer of the anal canal. (rmu.org.uy)
Anatomy of the anal canal2
- Walls EW (1959) Recent observations on the anatomy of the anal canal. (springer.com)
- In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the anal canal - its position, structure, relations and neurovascular supply. (teachmeanatomy.info)
Pelvic diaphragm4
- The anal canal connects with the rectum at the point where it passes through a muscular pelvic diaphragm. (britannica.com)
- The pelvic diaphragm and longitudinal muscles draw the anus and rectum up over the passing feces so that they are not extruded (prolapsed) out of the anal opening with the feces. (britannica.com)
- Lateral to the anal canal are the pyramidal ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossae (1 on either side), below the pelvic diaphragm and above the perianal skin. (medscape.com)
- it extends from the pelvic diaphragm to the anal orifice. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hemorrhoids3
- Hemorrhoids and anal fistulas are also diseases of the straight intestine that a physician will often be faced with in practice. (lecturio.com)
- I am wondering if my symptoms sound more like anal cancer or something else like hemorrhoids. (medhelp.org)
- In addition, anal cancer is often misdiagnosed, or the diagnosis is significantly delayed, during which time the patient receives treatment for other benign anorectal disease (eg, hemorrhoids). (medscape.com)
Anorectal junction4
- The demarcation between the rectum above and the anal canal below is the anorectal ring or anorectal flexure, where the puborectalis muscle forms a sling around the posterior aspect of the anorectal junction, kinking it anteriorly. (medscape.com)
- At the anorectal flexure or angle, the anorectal junction is pulled anterosuperiorly by the puborectal sling to continue below as the anal canal. (medscape.com)
- In conclusion, we identified a unique population of cells at the anorectal junction which can be separated from the other basal anal epithelial cells based upon the expression of the stem cell marker CD34 and integrin α6, and thus represent a putative anal stem cell population. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The anal canal commences at the anorectal junction, enters downward and backward, and opens at the anal orifice, that is situated in the natal cleft (cleft between the buttocks) about 4 cm below and in front of the tip of coccyx . (earthslab.com)
Colon1
- Perforation of the colon by high-pressure water inserted via the anal canal. (thefreelibrary.com)
Diagnosis of anal cancer2
- Descriptive review of 437 patients of Western SAS Oncologists between January 2000 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of anal cancer. (ecancer.org)
- [ 3 ] Interesting differences between those two disease processes, new indications for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, and a marked increase in the diagnosis of anal cancer have brought more attention to this relatively uncommon disease entity. (medscape.com)
Incidence of anal cancer1
- Recently an increase in the incidence of anal cancer in Black men in the United States (relative to Whites and Hispanics) has been noticed. (doctorslounge.com)
Associated with anal cancer1
- Anal-receptive intercourse in men but not women is associated with anal cancer (risk ratio 33). (doctorslounge.com)
Posterior6
- In front of (anterior to) the anal canal is the rectovesical fascia (of Denonvilliers), and behind (posterior) is the presacral endopelvic fascia (of Waldeyer), under which lie a rich presacral plexus of veins. (medscape.com)
- Posterior to the anal canal lie the tip of the coccyx (joined to it by the anococcygeal ligament) and lower sacrum. (medscape.com)
- In the normal anal canal there are protrusions of the submucosa forming vascular cushions or haemorrhoidal cushions, typically located in the right anterior, right posterior, and left lateral aspects. (abdominalkey.com)
- These canals transmit the posterior superior alveolar blood vessels and nerves, which supply the upper molars and their surrounding gums. (tabers.com)
- Either of two canals, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal, that run transversely across the lateral mass of the ethmoid bone to the cribriform plate and lie between the ethmoid and frontal bones. (tabers.com)
- the posterior ethmoidal canal transmits the posterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve. (tabers.com)
Melanoma6
- Among malignant neoplasms, prognosis varies from early-stage squamous cell carcinoma, which generally responds favorably to treatment, to anal adenocarcinoma and malignant melanoma, which are rarely associated with long-term survival. (elsevier.com)
- Histopathological examination (HPE) was pointing towards anal malignant melanoma, which was further confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HMB-45. (bvsalud.org)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: S-100 staining for the diagnosis of melanoma of the anal canal. (who.int)
- Vijayaraghavan M, Kharbanda K, Mathur M. S-100 staining for the diagnosis of melanoma of the anal canal. (who.int)
- Pathology of Anal melanoma, and more! (searchbv.nl)
- Other types of anal cancer are adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoma or melanoma. (wikipedia.org)
Chemoradiation4
- Preliminary results: 1996 PMID 9166533 -- "Dose escalation in chemoradiation for anal cancer: preliminary results of RTOG 92-08. (wikibooks.org)
- It has been suggested that reducing the cancer in the primary tumor and in the lymph node(s) prior to administration of chemoradiation could potentially be effective for treating anal canal cancer. (medica-tradefair.com)
- CONCLUSION: Chemoradiation is effective in the treatment of squamous cell anal cancer and has acceptable toxicity. (gate2biotech.com)
- prior to administration of chemoradiation could potentially be effective for treating anal canal cancer. (lookformedical.com)
Cervical2
- cervical canal the part of the uterine cavity lying within the cervix. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Anal Pap smears similar to those used in cervical cancer screening have been studied for early detection of anal cancer in high-risk individuals. (wikipedia.org)
Glands2
- In the skin around the anal opening but not immediately adjacent to it are glands that give off perspiration. (britannica.com)
- Swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the anal or groin areas. (gcrsa.com)
Junction3
- We identified a population of long-term GFP label-retaining cells concentrated at the junction between the anal canal and the rectum. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- At the junction of the rectum and the anal canal, there is a muscular ring - known as the anorectal ring . (teachmeanatomy.info)
- Anal cancer is typically a squamous cell carcinoma that arises near the squamocolumnar junction at the anus. (doctorslounge.com)
Mucosa3
- It is a scalloped demarcation formed by the anal valves (transverse folds of mucosa) at the inferior-most ends of the anal columns. (medscape.com)
- Hilton white line - a zone in the mucosa of the anal canal said to be palpable. (thefreedictionary.com)
- However, in the anal canal, the mucosa is organised into longitudinal folds, known as anal columns . (teachmeanatomy.info)
Cloacogenic1
- Some arise from the special mucosal cells lining the upper anal canal and are called cloacogenic carcinomas. (gcrsa.com)
Squamous cell anal1
- In this population of patients with PD-L1-positive advanced squamous cell anal carcinoma, pembrolizumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile and encouraging antitumor activity. (snfge.org)
Diseases2
- The association between HIV and anal cancer reflects the sexual practices (anal receptive intercourse) associated with these diseases rather than a causative relationship. (doctorslounge.com)
- Downs JM, Kudlow B. Anal diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients with faecal incontinence1
- CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using topical phenylephrine to raise resting anal tone in patients with faecal incontinence. (bmj.com)
Mucous membrane4
- Anal canal , the terminal portion of the digestive tract , distinguished from the rectum because of the transition of its internal surface from a mucous membrane layer (endodermal) to one of skinlike tissue (ectodermal). (britannica.com)
- The lower portions of the anal columns are joined by small concentric circular folds of the mucous membrane known as anal valves. (britannica.com)
- Its lower ends are joined together by folds of mucous membrane called anal valves. (ipfs.io)
- Anal valves (valves of Morgagni): All these are crescentic folds of the mucous membrane which attach the lower ends of adjacent anal Pillars. (earthslab.com)
Tumor2
- Current data suggest that mutations in p53, DCC and APC tumor suppressor genes contribute to the stepwise progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma in immunocompetent individuals. (genome.jp)
- I. To evaluate ORR, PFS, and OS based on expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), peritumoral cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), peritumoral CD4+ TILs, and regulatory T cells as analyzed from tumor biopsies in previously treated patients with metastatic SCCA of the anal canal when treated with nivolumab. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Internal4
- carotid canal one in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, transmitting the internal carotid artery to the cranial cavity. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The lower third of the anal canal is supplied by the inferior rectal artery which is a branch of the internal pudendal artery . (ipfs.io)
- Any of several canals located in the bony labyrinth of the internal ear and enclosing the three semicircular ducts that open into the vestibule. (tabers.com)
- The canal followed by the internal carotid artery and its accompanying sympathetic nerves as it passes through the bone of the skull. (tabers.com)
Large intestine1
- The anal canal is the terminal part of the large intestine . (ipfs.io)
Persistent1
- To avoid diagnostic delay, it is important to refer patients with persistent or unusual anal disease to a specialty surgeon. (medscape.com)
Defecation3
- Idiopathic hypertensive anal canal is a fact and already exists presented by anal pain aggravated by defecation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The anal canal is the final segment of the gastrointestinal tract, that has an important role in defecation and maintaining faecal continence. (teachmeanatomy.info)
- These fossae enable the growth of the anal canal during defecation. (earthslab.com)