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Minor tobacco alkaloids as biomarkers for tobacco use: comparison of users of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes. (1/42)
OBJECTIVES: This study (1) determined levels of various tobacco alkaloids in commercial tobacco products. (2) determined urinary concentrations, urinary excretion, and half-lives of the alkaloids in humans; and (3) examined the possibility that urine concentrations of nicotine-related alkaloids can be used as biomarkers of tobacco use. METHODS: Nicotine intake from various tobacco products was determined through pharmacokinetic techniques. Correlations of nicotine intake with urinary excretion and concentrations of anabasine, anatabine, nornicotine, nicotine, and cotinine were examined. By using urinary excretion data, elimination half-lives of the alkaloids were calculated. RESULTS: Alkaloid levels in commercial tobacco products, in milligrams per gram, were as follows: nicotine, 6.5 to 17.5; nornicotine, 0.14 to 0.66; anabasine, 0.008 to 0.030; and anatabine, 0.065 to 0.27. Measurable concentrations of all alkaloids were excreted in the urine of most subjects smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes and using smokeless tobacco. Correlations between nicotine intake and alkaloid concentrations were good to excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Anabasine and anatabine, which are present in tobacco but not in nicotine medications, can be used to assess tobacco use in persons undergoing nicotine replacement therapy. (+info)Insecticidal and neural activities of candidate photoaffinity probes for neonicotinoid binding sites. (2/42)
Photoreactive derivatives of imidacloprid and its nitromethylene analogue were synthesized as candidate photoaffinity probes for identifying the amino acid residues of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that interact with the neonicotinoid insecticides. When the candidate probes were injected into American cockroaches, the nerve cord neural activity initially increased, then ceased and death of the insect followed. Both the nerve cord and toxicity were enhanced by changing the photoreactive substituent from the para position to the meta position on the spacer benzyl moiety. When tested on a Drosophila SAD/chicken beta2 hybrid, recombinant nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the nitromethylene candidate probes showed agonist activity similar to that previously observed for imidacloprid. (+info)Benzylidene analogs of anabaseine display partial agonist and antagonist properties at the mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine(3A) receptor. (3/42)
The nicotinic receptor drug candidate, 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (also known as GTS-21; DMXBA), its hydroxy metabolites, and some related analogs were evaluated with the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(3A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Although DMXBA lacked partial agonist activity, its hydroxy-benzylidene metabolites and related analogs were partial agonists, displaying the following rank order of potency (EC(50)) and apparent efficacy: 5-HT, 0.9 +/- 0.06 microM (100% efficacy) > 3-(2-hydroxy,4-methoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (2-OH-MBA), 2.0 +/- 0.3 microM (63% efficacy) > 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-anabaseine, 2.6 +/- 0.3 microM (63% efficacy) > 3-(2-methoxy,4-hydroxybenzylidene)-anabaseine, 17.2 +/- 1.0 microM (30% efficacy). To examine the influence of a benzylidene ring hydroxy substituent, the agonist actions of the three possible monohydroxy isomers were examined. The rank order of potency, based on EC(50) determinations, and apparent efficacy was: 3-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-anabaseine, 20.3 +/- 2.6 microM (63% efficacy) > 3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-anabaseine, 32.3 +/- 5.9 microM (14% efficacy) > 3-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (3-OH-BA) (no agonist activity). Both DMXBA and 3-OH-BA antagonized 5-HT-mediated currents, with IC(50) values of 15.7 +/- 0.9 and 27.5 +/- 4.7 microM, respectively. DMXBA demonstrated both competitive and noncompetitive forms of antagonism over the range of concentrations tested. These results suggest that a hydroxy substituent at the 2' position of the benzene ring is necessary and sufficient for partial agonist activity; substitution at the 4' position with a hydroxy or methoxy group further enhances agonist potency. Because 2-OH-MBA is a primary metabolite of DMXBA, it may contribute to the physiological, biochemical, and behavioral effects of the parent compound when administered in vivo. (+info)Comparative pharmacology of rat and human alpha7 nAChR conducted with net charge analysis. (4/42)
1. Pharmacological studies of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are confounded by the fact that rapid desensitization to high agonist concentration causes alpha7 peak responses to occur well in advance of complete solution exchange. For this reason, peak currents are an invalid measure of response to applied agonist concentrations. We show that results comparable to those that have been corrected for instantaneous concentration are obtained if net charge is used as the measure of receptor response. 2. Dose response curves obtained with these methods indicate that alpha7 receptors are approximately 10 fold more sensitive to agonist than previously reported. The agonists, ACh, choline, cytisine, GTS-21, 4OH-GTS-21 and 4-MeO-CA have the same rank order potency for both human and rat receptors: 4-MeO-CA > 4OH-GTS-21 > GTS-21 > cytisine > ACh > choline. However, differences in efficacy exist between rat and human receptors. GTS-21 is more efficacious for rat than human alpha7 receptors and cytosine more efficacious for human than rat alpha7 receptors. 3. Choline is the least potent agonist for both human and rat alpha7, with a potency approximately 10 fold lower than that of ACh. While the EC50 for the activation of alpha7 receptors by choline (400-500 microM) is outside the normal physiological range (10-100 microM), choline can nonetheless produce detectable levels of channel activation in the physiological concentration range. Since these concentrations are relatively non-desensitizing, the contribution of choline-activated alpha7 receptor current may play a significant role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in alpha7-expressing neurons. (+info)Simultaneous analysis of nicotine, nicotine metabolites, and tobacco alkaloids in serum or urine by tandem mass spectrometry, with clinically relevant metabolic profiles. (5/42)
BACKGROUND: Assessment of nicotine metabolism and disposition has become an integral part of nicotine dependency treatment programs. Serum nicotine concentrations or urine cotinine concentrations can be used to guide nicotine patch dose to achieve biological concentrations adequate to provide the patient with immediate relief from nicotine withdrawal symptoms, an important factor in nicotine withdrawal success. Absence of nicotine metabolites and anabasine can be used to document abstinence from tobacco products, an indicator of treatment success. METHODS: The procedure was designed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, anabasine, and nornicotine in human serum or urine. The technique required simple extraction of the sample with quantification by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The procedure for simultaneous analysis of nicotine, its metabolites, and tobacco alkaloids simultaneously quantified five different analytes. Test limit of quantification, linearity, imprecision, and accuracy were adequate for clinical evaluation of patients undergoing treatment for tobacco dependency. The test readily distinguished individuals who had no exposure to tobacco products from individuals who were either passively exposed or were abstinent past-tobacco users from those who were actively using a tobacco or nicotine product. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nornicotine, and anabasine can be simultaneously and accurately quantified in either serum or urine by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with imprecision <10% at physiologic concentrations and limits of quantification ranging from 0.5 to 5 micro g/L. Knowledge of serum or urine concentrations of these analytes can be used to guide nicotine replacement therapy or to assess tobacco abstinence in nicotine dependency treatment. These measurements are now an integral part of the clinical treatment and management of patients who wish to overcome tobacco dependence. (+info)Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy. (6/42)
In this study we determined urine concentration of the tobacco alkaloids anabasine and anatabine, nicotine and its metabolites cotinine, and nornicotine in 99 cigarette smokers and 205 smokeless tobacco users. We also investigated the possibility that anabasine and anatabine can be used as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy. Urine samples and data on self-reported tobacco use were obtained from subjects enrolled in tobacco cessation programs. Urine concentrations of tobacco alkaloids and metabolites were measured and correlated with self-reported tobacco use. Concentrations of anabasine and anatabine were used to validate abstinence in smokeless tobacco users who used nicotine gum as part of the therapy. Correlations of alkaloid concentration with self-reported tobacco use before treatment ranged from fair to poor. In subjects abstaining from smokeless tobacco but using nicotine gum, anabasine and anatabine levels were below the cut-point of 2 ng/ml despite high concentrations of nicotine and cotinine resulting from nicotine gum use. Anabasine and anatabine concentrations in urine can be used to validate abstinence or measure the extent of tobacco use in persons undergoing nicotine replacement therapy. (+info)Regulation of neuronal function by choline and 4OH-GTS-21 through alpha 7 nicotinic receptors. (7/42)
A unique feature of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor physiology is that, under normal physiological conditions, alpha7 receptors are constantly perfused with their natural selective agonist, choline. Studying neurons of hypothalamic tuberomammillary (TM) nucleus, we show that choline and the selective alpha7 receptor agonist 4OH-GTS-21 can regulate neuronal functions directly, via activation of the native alpha7 receptors, and indirectly, via desensitizing those receptors or transferring them into a state "primed" for desensitization. The direct action produces depolarization and thereby increases the TM neuron spontaneous firing (SF) rate. The regulation of the spontaneous firing rate is robust in a nonphysiological range of choline concentrations >200 microM. However, modest effects persist at concentrations of choline that are likely to be attained perineuronally under some conditions (20-100 microM). At high physiological concentration levels, the indirect choline action reduces or even eliminates the responsiveness of alpha7 receptors and their availability to other strong cholinergic inputs. Similarly to choline, 4OH-GTS-21 increases the TM neuron spontaneous firing rate via activation of alpha7 receptors, and this regulation is robust in the range of clinically relevant concentrations of 4OH-GTS-21. We conclude that factors that regulate choline accumulation in the brain and in experimental slices such as choline uptake, hydrolysis of ACh, membrane phosphatidylcholine catabolism, and solution perfusion rate influence alpha7 nAChR neuronal and synaptic functions, especially under pathological conditions such as stroke, seizures, Alzheimer's disease, and head trauma, when the choline concentration in the CSF is expected to rise. (+info)Components of cigarette smoke inhibit expansion of oocyte-cumulus complexes from porcine follicles. (8/42)
The role of alkaloids in cigarette smoke was investigated in the cumulus expansion of oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) isolated from large antral porcine follicles. Suppression of the cumulus expansion stimulated by FSH was observed in the presence of different concentration of cadmium, anabasine and nicotine but not its metabolite cotinine. There were comparable inhibitory effects of cadmium and nicotine on the synthesis and accumulation of hyaluronic acid in the cell/matrix compartment of OCC. The inhibitory effect of tested compounds on the cumulus expansion was accompanied by decreased progesterone synthesis by cumulus cells during 42 h incubation of OCC with FSH. The results suggest that cigarette smoking may affect intrafollicular processes, which are responsible for normal ovulation and fertilization. (+info)
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Bedbug detection, monitoring and control techniques - Patent application
Susceptibility testing of Anopheles malaria vectors with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin; results from 16 African...
Susceptibility testing of Anopheles malaria vectors with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin; results from 16 African...
Regulating the tobacco retail environment: beyond reducing sales to minors | Tobacco Control
what are neonicotinoids used for
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Remediated Sequence
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Insecticide
Anabasine. *Anethole (mosquito larvae)[36]. *Annonin. *Asimina (pawpaw tree seeds) for lice ...
Pyridine alkaloids
nicotine anabasine ricinine "Pyridine Alkaloids". Cornell University, Department of Animal Science. Entry on Pyridin. at: Römpp ... Examples include nicotine and anabasine which are found in plants of the genus Nicotiana including tobacco. Alkaloids with a ... The most important examples of pyridine alkaloids are the nicotine and anabasine, which are found in tobacco, the areca ...
Anabaseine
It is structurally similar to nicotine and anabasine. Similarly, it has been shown to act as an agonist on most nicotinic ...
Xiphotheca
... the accumulation of anabasine as a major alkaloid." Xiphotheca comprises the following species: Xiphotheca fruticosa (L.) A. L ...
Caffeine
Karadsheh, Naif; Kussie, Paul; Linthicum, D.Scott (March 1991). "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by caffeine, anabasine, ...
Parasympathomimetic drug
Karadsheh, N; Kussie, P; Linthicum, DS (1991). "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by caffeine, anabasine, methyl pyrrolidine ...
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
... anabasine, methyl pyrrolidine and their derivatives". Toxicology Letters. 55 (3): 335-42. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90015-X. ...
Streptosolen
The alkaloid Anabasine, a close structural relative of Nicotine, is named for the plant from which it was first isolated : the ... Anabasine sulphate was a widely used botanical insecticide in the former Soviet Union until the 1970s. [Note: the use of the ... Mizrachi, N; Levy, S; Goren, ZQ (May 2000). "Fatal poisoning from Nicotiana glauca leaves: identification of anabasine by gas- ... observation of increased worm-burden in cattle dung). Anabasine is the active principle responsible for deaths from poisoning ...
Nicotiana glauca
It contains the toxic alkaloid anabasine and ingestion of the leaves can be fatal. It is being investigated for use as a ...
Anabasis (plant)
Anabasine is also the active principle responsible for deaths from poisoning caused by the leaves of Nicotiana glauca, the Tree ... The Nicotine-related alkaloid Anabasine was named for the toxic Central Asiatic species Anabasis aphylla - from which it was ... Mizrachi, N.; Levy, S.; Goren, Z. Q. (2000). "Fatal Poisoning from Nicotiana glauca Leaves: Identification of Anabasine by Gas- ...
Lupinine
Campbell, F. L.; Sullivan, W. N.; Smith, C. R. (1933-04-01). "The Relative Toxicity of Nicotine, Anabasine, Methyl Anabasine, ...
Nicotiana tabacum
Pyridyl functional groups present in minute amounts include anabasine, myosmine, cotinine and 2, 3′-bipyridyl. The tobacco ...
Project CHATTER
The project was centered on, but not restricted to, the use of anabasine (an alkaloid), scopolamine and mescaline. The program ...
Safety of electronic cigarettes
... anabasine, and anatabine, which are very carcinogenic, can be found in e-cigarette refill liquids. The molecules can lead to ... anabasine, anatabine, myosmine and beta-nicotyrine. The health implications of nicotine-related impurities are not known. A ...
Alkaloid
... such as salts of nicotine and anabasine, were used as insecticides. Their use was limited by their high toxicity to humans. ...
Construction of electronic cigarettes
Some e-liquids contain tobacco alkaloids such as nornicotine, anabasine, or anatabine, and TSNAs, such as N-nitrosonornicotine ... anabasine, myosmine, and beta-nicotyrine. The TSNAs N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone ...
C10H14N2
The molecular formula C10H14N2 may refer to: Anabasine Nicotine Phenylpiperazine Rivanicline C10H14N2 (film), a Kannada- ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... anabasine MeSH D03.383.621.080 - betalains MeSH D03.383.621.080.500 - betacyanins MeSH D03.383.621.080.750 - betaxanthins MeSH ...
Piperidine
Other examples are the fire ant toxin solenopsin, the nicotine analog anabasine of tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca), lobeline of ...
Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor
... selective potent full agonist with nootropic and neuroprotective properties Anabasine Acetylcholine Nicotine Epiboxidine ...
Nicotine
The hydrochloride and sulfate salts become optically inactive if heated in a closed vessel above 180 °C. Anabasine is a ...
Anatabine
... and anabasine making up nearly all the rest. These compounds are thought to be biologically active, and part of plants' natural ...
Nicotiana
Despite containing enough nicotine and/or other compounds such as germacrene and anabasine and other piperidine alkaloids ( ...
Tobacco
Despite containing enough nicotine and other compounds such as germacrene and anabasine and other piperidine alkaloids (varying ...
Anabasine
... is present in trace amounts in tobacco smoke, and can be used as an indicator of a person's exposure to tobacco smoke ... Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, a close relative of the ... The intravenous LD50 of anabasine ranges from 11 mg/kg to 16 mg/kg in mice, depending on the enantiomer. B. Bhatti, et al. made ... Anabasine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. In high doses, it produces a depolarizing block of nerve transmission ...
Yohimbine
In the US, "yohimbe" preparations are sold as a dietary supplements for enhancing libido, for weight loss and as aids for bodybuilding; but "There is virtually no published research on yohimbe which supports these or any other claims".[9]:861 Often, these products explicitly claim to contain yohimbine.[8] Cohen et al. found that samples of brands sold in American brick-and-mortar stores contained highly variable amounts of yohimbine, and sometimes none at all.[8]:368 Labelling claims were often misleading.[8]:368 Similar results have been reported by other laboratories for products sold in the U.S., in other countries and on the internet.[15][16][17][18][19] One study found that many brands of "yohimbe" might not derive from the P. johimbe tree in the first place.[20] According to yet another source the yohimbe sold in markets in West Africa, where the tree grows, is frequently adulterated with other species of the genus Pausinystalia; these contain little yohimbine.[21] The amounts of alkaloid ...
A-366,833
Ji, Jianguo; Bunnelle, William H.; Anderson, David J.; Faltynek, Connie; Dyhring, Tino; Ahring, Philip K.; Rueter, Lynne E.; Curzon, Peter; Buckley, Michael J.; Marsh, Kennan C.; Kempf-Grote, Anita; Meyer, Michael D. (2007). "A-366833: A novel nicotinonitrile-substituted 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor selective agonist: Synthesis, analgesic efficacy and tolerability profile in animal models". Biochemical Pharmacology. 74 (8): 1253-1262. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.010. PMID 17854775 ...
4-Benzylpiperidine
... is a drug and research chemical used in scientific studies. It acts as a monoamine releasing agent with 20- to 48-fold selectivity for releasing dopamine versus serotonin. It is most efficacious as a releaser of norepinephrine, with an ec50 of 109/41.4/5246nM for DA/NE/5HT, respectively .[1] It has a fast onset of action and a short duration.[1] It also functions as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) with preference for MAO-A.[2] ...
RTI-229
... , also known as (-)-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2β-pyrrolidine carboxamide and RTI-4229-229, is a potent and long-lasting stimulant drug which was developed in the 1990s as part of a large group of related analogues from the phenyltropane family. With the combination of two potent dopamine transporter (DAT) binding motifs attached to the tropane ring, the p-iodophenyl group at the 3β-position and a pyrrolidine carboxamide at 2β, RTI-229 has extremely high selectivity for the dopamine transporter (2600x and 4600x selective over NET and 5-HTT respectively) and is one of the most DAT-selective compounds in the RTI series.[1][2] ...
Stimulant
Caffeine is a stimulant compound belonging to the xanthine class of chemicals naturally found in coffee, tea, and (to a lesser degree) cocoa or chocolate. It is included in many soft drinks, as well as a larger amount in energy drinks. Caffeine is the world's most widely used psychoactive drug and by far the most common stimulant. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily.[63] A few jurisdictions restrict its sale and use. Caffeine is also included in some medications, usually for the purpose of enhancing the effect of the primary ingredient, or reducing one of its side-effects (especially drowsiness). Tablets containing standardized doses of caffeine are also widely available. Caffeine's mechanism of action differs from many stimulants, as it produces stimulant effects by inhibiting adenosine receptors.[64] Adenosine receptors are thought to be a large driver of drowsiness and sleep, and their action increases with extended wakefulness.[65] Caffeine has been found to increase ...
anabasine (CHEBI:28986)
... is a piperidine alkaloid (CHEBI:26147) anabasine (CHEBI:28986) is a pyridine alkaloid (CHEBI:26416) ... anabasine (CHEBI:28986) has role plant metabolite (CHEBI:76924) anabasine (CHEBI:28986) has role teratogenic agent (CHEBI:50905 ... anabasine (CHEBI:28986) has role nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (CHEBI:47958) ...
Anabasine
Anabasine - Wikipedia
Anabasine is present in trace amounts in tobacco smoke, and can be used as an indicator of a persons exposure to tobacco smoke ... Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, a close relative of the ... The intravenous LD50 of anabasine ranges from 11 mg/kg to 16 mg/kg in mice, depending on the enantiomer. B. Bhatti, et al. made ... Anabasine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. In high doses, it produces a depolarizing block of nerve transmission ...
Chemical Summary for Anabasine sulfate
Anabasine sulfate - toxicity, ecological toxicity and regulatory information
Anabasine. View. View. View. Insecticide. No. Not Listed. 6382-19-0. Related. 1. Anabasine sulfate. View. View. View. ... Anabasine sulfate Anabasine Illinois EPA list. Keith list. Colborn list. Benbrook list. Danish Inert list. EU list. Not Listed ... Anabasine sulfate Anabasine WHO Acute Hazard. TRI Acute Hazard. Material Safety Data Sheets. Acute rating from U.S. EPA product ... Anabasine sulfate Anabasine IARC Carcinogens. U.S. NTP Carcinogens. California Prop 65 Known Carcinogens. U.S. EPA Carcinogens ...
N-Methyl anabasine by USBiological, Cat. No. 282386 | Lucerna-Chem AG
Nornicotine-D4 | Certified Spiking Solution for Nicotine Quantitation | Anabasine, Nicotine Cotinine
"Context-Dependent Medicinal Effects of Anabasine and Infection-Depende" by Evan C. Palmer-Young, Alison Hogeboom et al.
Furthermore, anabasine exacerbated the negative effects of infection on bee survival and microcolony performance. Anabasine ... nor did anabasine reduce infection intensity in microcolonies of queenless workers. In addition, neither anabasine nor its ... In this experiment, anabasine had antiparasitic effects in bees from only two of four colonies, and infected bees exhibited ... Results We found that anabasine did not reduce infection intensity in individual bees infected with any of four Crithidia ...
Anabasine | Profiles RNS
"Anabasine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Anabasine" by people in this website by year, and whether " ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Anabasine" by people in Profiles. ...
UCOT I
URXANBT - Anabasine, urine (ng/mL). Variable Name: URXANBT. SAS Label: Anabasine, urine (ng/mL). English Text: Anabasine, urine ... URDANBLC - Anabasine, urine Comment Code. Variable Name: URDANBLC. SAS Label: Anabasine, urine Comment Code. English Text: ... Anabasine, urine Comment Code. Target: Both males and females 3 YEARS - 150 YEARS. Code or Value. Value Description. Count. ... Lastly, anatabine and anabasine are nicotine analogs in tobacco product, and are precursors for nitrosamines. Therefore, levels ...
Anabasine | Article about anabasine by The Free Dictionary
Find out information about anabasine. A colorless, liquid alkaloid extracted from the plants Anabasis aphylla and Nicotiana ... glauca ; boiling point is 105°C; soluble in alcohol and ether; used as... Explanation of anabasine ... anabasine. Also found in: Medical, Wikipedia. anabasine. [ə′na·bə‚sēn] (organic chemistry) A colorless, liquid alkaloid ... Compounds of plant origin such as rotenone, nicotine, anabasine, methyl anabasine and lupinine were found effective in killing ...
34366-21-7|(R)-Anabasine, > 98per cent ee...
Usage And Sale Of Nicotine Alkaloid And Anabasine - Chemical Forum
Signal Transduction Reagents - Agonists - Alfa Aesar
|p|Agonists are substances that activate cellular receptor molecules to which they attach. In a nutshell, agonists bind to cellular receptors and elicit a biological response. The agonists enhance the signal transduction by binding to the receptor in cellular systems. They can be full agonists, activating the receptor to maximal activity, or partial agonists. There are also inverse agonists. These ligands bind receptors and cause the reverse biological response of the natural ligand. Alfa Aesar supplies receptor agonists for many different cellular protein receptors. These reagents include both natural receptor ligands as well as synthetic agonists. In addition, the conformational changes brought about by the agonists activate or increase the activation of secondary intracellular messenger.|/p|
Insecticide - Wikipedia
Use of Phosphated Alcanols as Dispersants, Emulsifiers, Hydrotropes, Wetting Agents and Compatability Agents in Agricultural...
Comparative pharmacology of rat and human alpha7 nAChR conducted with net charge analysis. - PubMed - NCBI
Congenital skeletal malformations and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of Lupinus, Conium and Nicotiana species
Electronic Cigarette Use in US Adults at Risk for or with COPD: Analysis from Two Observational Cohorts | SpringerLink
Although anabasine has been detected in e-cigarette fluids,28 the levels are generally considerably lower than those from ... Anabasine is only associated with conventional cigarette use.. Data Sets and Statistical Analysis. Proportions were compared ... 3). Urine anabasine levels in current conventional cigarette smokers were similar among current, former, and never e-cigarette ... Suh-Lailam BB, Haglock-Adler CJ, Carlisle HJ, Ohman T, McMillin GA. Reference interval determination for anabasine: a biomarker ...
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - Wikipedia
Pyridine alkaloids - Wikipedia
nicotine anabasine ricinine "Pyridine Alkaloids". Cornell University, Department of Animal Science. Entry on Pyridin. at: Römpp ... Examples include nicotine and anabasine which are found in plants of the genus Nicotiana including tobacco. Alkaloids with a ... The most important examples of pyridine alkaloids are the nicotine and anabasine, which are found in tobacco, the areca ...
NICOU - Clinical: Nicotine and Metabolites, Urine
The presence of anabasine greater then 10 ng/mL or nornicotine greater then 30 ng/mL in urine indicates current tobacco use, ... Anabasine is present in tobacco products, but not nicotine replacement therapies. Nornicotine is present as an alkaloid in ... Neither anabasine nor nornicotine accumulates from passive exposure. Tobacco users engaged in programs to abstain from tobacco ... The presence of nornicotine without anabasine is consistent with use of nicotine replacement products. Heavy tobacco users who ...
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Internet Scientific Publications
Phenomenex HPLC Application #22721: Nicotines at High pH using Kinetex 5u EVO C18 100x3.0mm
Chemical Search Results
Introduction
N427492); (R,S)-Anabasine (Catalog No. A637175); (R,S)-Anabasine-2,4,5,6-d4 (Catalog No. A637180); (R,S)-Anatabine (Catalog No ... Only 74% of smokers had anabasine levels above 2 ng/mL. In addition, 94% had either anatabine or anabasine levels greater than ... The mean anatabine level of all smokers was 15.2 ng/mL (range, 1.2 to 62.3 ng/mL). For anabasine the mean was 6.12 ng/mL (range ... Anatabine and anabasine, two tobacco alkaloids that are not metabolites of nicotine, are included in this method because they ...
Smoking: How It Will Limit Your Bodybuilding Success!
Examining the effectiveness of general practitioner and nurse promotion of electronic cigarettes versus standard care for...
If insufficient saliva is available in the sample for both cotinine and anabasine analysis, anabasine will take priority in the ... Salivary cotinine and anabasine concentrations will be determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) ... The mean (SD) change in salivary anabasine from baseline to 2 months will be reported for each group and the difference and 95 ... As an additional measure of smoking reduction, we will assess the mean change in salivary anabasine concentrations from ...
NornicotineAnatabine and anabasinePresence of anabasineCotinine and AnabasinePyridineNicotianaEffects of anabasineNicotinicToxicityMyosmineUrine anabasineAlkaloid anabasineAgonistSimilar to nicotineUrinaryBiosynthesisBiomarkersDifferentiateNicotine replaceNectarSmokersCompoundsFoundExposurePlantPresentMinorProductsLiquidPeople
Nornicotine12
- Figure 1 shows the extracted ion chromatograms for nicotine, cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine, nornicotine and anabasine at concentrations of 10 ng/mL in extracted human urine. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Two such markers are anabasine and nornicotine. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
- The presence of anabasine greater then 10 ng/mL or nornicotine greater then 30 ng/mL in urine indicates current tobacco use, irrespective of whether the subject is on nicotine replacement therapy. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
- The presence of nornicotine without anabasine is consistent with use of nicotine replacement products. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
- Heavy tobacco users who abstain from tobacco for 2 weeks exhibit urine nicotine values below 30 ng/mL, cotinine values below 50 ng/mL, anabasine levels below 2 ng/mL, and nornicotine levels below 2 ng/mL. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
- Neither anabasine nor nornicotine accumulates from passive exposure. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
- When nicotine enters the body, it is broken down into more than 20 different substances , including cotinine, anabasine, and nornicotine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- These compounds form via nitrosation of tobacco alkaloids (nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine) during the curing process. (aacrjournals.org)
- 22nd Century is a plant biotechnology company whose proprietary technology allows for the levels of nicotine and other nicotinic alkaloids (e.g., nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine) in the tobacco plant to be decreased or increased through genetic engineering or plant breeding. (businesswire.com)
- Two distinct ion pairs were analyzed for nicotine and cotinine and one ion pair for trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, anabasine, nornicotine, nicotine-[d. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The alkaloids nicotine, nornicotine, and anabasine activate α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. (nanion.de)
- While four alkaloids-nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and R-anatabine-potently activated α4β2, they were also weak agonists of α7 nAChRs. (nanion.de)
Anatabine and anabasine2
- Lastly, anatabine and anabasine are nicotine analogs in tobacco product, and are precursors for nitrosamines. (cdc.gov)
- The SPE and LC-MS method used to detect anatabine and anabasine in wastewater samples demonstrated here could be used to monitor tobacco consumption within a community, with changes in the absolute amounts of markers in wastewater indicating changes in tobacco use over time. (separationsnow.com)
Presence of anabasine2
- Job seekers who test positive for cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine used as a biomarker for nicotine exposure) are contacted and those who report use of nicotine replacement thereapy (NRT) have their sample retested specifically for the presence of anabasine (a tobacco derivative not found in NRT products), to verify NRT self-report. (mdanderson.org)
- While these levels are elevated in both tobacco users and individuals undergoing nicotine replacement therapy, laboratories can determine what type of nicotine a person is using by testing for the presence of anabasine in the urine. (reference.com)
Cotinine and Anabasine1
- Those who test positive for cotinine and admit that they use tobacco, and those who test positive for both cotinine and anabasine are not eligible for immediate employment. (mdanderson.org)
Pyridine2
- Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, a close relative of the common tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). (wikipedia.org)
- The most important examples of pyridine alkaloids are the nicotine and anabasine, which are found in tobacco, the areca alkaloids in betel and ricinine in castor oil. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotiana4
- Here, we test effects of the nectar alkaloid anabasine, found in Nicotiana , on infection intensity, dietary preference, and survival and performance of bumble bees ( Bombus impatiens) . (umass.edu)
- Keeler and Panter also conducted a round of research to see whether the alkaloid anabasine in wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)--a plant that is also toxic to livestock--had similar effects on Spanish goats. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Examples include nicotine and anabasine which are found in plants of the genus Nicotiana including tobacco. (wikipedia.org)
- The biosynthesis of anabasine was investigated in Nicotiana rustica hairy root cultures produced at the A. F. R. C. Food Research Institute at Norwich. (gla.ac.uk)
Effects of anabasine2
- Context-Dependent Medicinal Effects of Anabasine and Infection-Depende" by Evan C. Palmer-Young, Alison Hogeboom et al. (umass.edu)
- We examined variation in the effects of anabasine on infection with different lineages of the intestinal parasite Crithidia under pollen-fed and pollen-starved conditions. (umass.edu)
Nicotinic2
- Anabasine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. (wikipedia.org)
- and (iii) the nicotinic acid attacks the A'-piperideine moiety at C-2' from either the re or si face to produce racemic anabasine. (gla.ac.uk)
Toxicity1
- Overall, our results demonstrate that Bombus impatiens prefer diets without nicotine and anabasine, and suggest that the medicinal effects and toxicity of anabasine may be context dependent. (umass.edu)
Myosmine2
- Most samples also contained impurities known to be toxic to humans, such as anabasine , myosmine, and betanicotyrine. (thefreedictionary.com)
- and that "tobacco-specific impurities suspected of being harmful to humans -- anabasine, myosmine, and B-nicotyrine -- were detected in a majority of the samples tested. (prlog.org)
Urine anabasine2
- When a person has reported that he or she is using nicotine replacement products but is no longer smoking, nicotine, cotinine, and urine anabasine measurements may sometimes be ordered. (labcorp.com)
- Self report of being quit for 7 continuous days at the time of the 4-week follow-up survey confirmed by saliva cotinine or urine anabasine verification. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Alkaloid anabasine1
- In an effort to distinguish between nicotine metabolites acquired from smoking vs NRTs in screening of transplant patients, we extended our nicotine panel to include the tobacco alkaloid anabasine , as well as the primary urinary nicotine metabolite trans-3'-hydroxycotinine. (thefreedictionary.com)
Agonist1
- Nicotine was the most potent agonist of α4β2, while anabasine elicited the highest activation of α7. (nanion.de)
Similar to nicotine2
- Other alkaloids similar to nicotine produced by plants are anabasine, cytisine, coniine, and lobeline. (nih.gov)
- Contains anabasine, an alkaloid similar to nicotine which can be extracted to be used as an insecticide. (swbiodiversity.org)
Urinary1
- Once the urinary excretion rates of smoke anabasine and anatabine are better known, it will become possible to extend the existing back-calculation to use levels of these biomarkers to estimate the number of cigarettes smoked per 1000 people. (separationsnow.com)
Biosynthesis2
- b) Biosynthesis of Ammodendrine and Anabasine Samples of (R)- and (S) -[1-2H]cadaverines were used to establish the stereochemistry of the enzymic processes taking place in the biosynthesis of ammodendrine and anabasine. (gla.ac.uk)
- Journal Article] Revisiting anabasine biosynthesis in tobacco hairy roots expressing plant lysine decarboxylase gene by using 15N-labeled lysine. (nii.ac.jp)
Biomarkers2
- In particular, anabasine and anatabine show promise as tobacco-specific biomarkers, and are in fact already used to detect non-adherence in patients on smoking cessation regimes. (separationsnow.com)
- This study shows that anabasine and anatabine are suitable biomarkers of tobacco use in wastewater. (separationsnow.com)
Differentiate2
- After the analytical validation of our LC-MS/MS-based assay (4), we determined the clinical utility of anabasine to differentiate active smokers from those who were abstaining from smoking or on NRTs. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This was essential to differentiate between nicotine and anabasine, which share the same parent mass and several daughter transitions. (separationsnow.com)
Nicotine replace2
- Anabasine , a minor tobacco alkaloid and a biomarker used to check compliance of nicotine replacement therapy, was also included in the assay. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In addition, the minor tobacco alkaloids-anabasine and anatabine-can be useful for monitoring compliance in smoking cessation programs that use nicotine replacement therapy. (cdc.gov)
Nectar1
- The eight chemicals studied were nicotine and anabasine found in nectar of flowers in the tobacco family, caffeine from coffee and citrus nectar, amygdalin from almond nectar, aucubin and catalpol from turtlehead flowers, gallic acid from buckwheat nectar and thymol from basswood tree nectar. (eurekalert.org)
Smokers1
- Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for determination of anabasine , antabine and other tobacco alkaloids in urine of smokers and smokeless tobacco users. (thefreedictionary.com)
Compounds2
- Compounds of plant origin such as rotenone, nicotine, anabasine , methyl anabasine and lupinine were found effective in killing Culex territans (Diptera: Culicidae) (1). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Since nicotine, norcotinine, and anabasine all share the same mass transitions, it's necessary to chromatographically separate these three compounds for accurate quantitation. (chromatographyonline.com)
Found2
- We found that anabasine did not reduce infection intensity in individual bees infected with any of four Crithidia lineages that were tested in parallel, nor did anabasine reduce infection intensity in microcolonies of queenless workers. (umass.edu)
- We just found out that from the materials we are producing energy from it is possible to extract Nicotine and Anabasine too. (webqc.org)
Exposure1
- Anabasine is present in trace amounts in tobacco smoke, and can be used as an indicator of a person's exposure to tobacco smoke. (wikipedia.org)
Plant1
- In southern Kazakhstan, where anabasine was collected from the wild thickets, 14,000 tons were gathered in a single year and processed at a chemical plant in the city of Chimkent. (thefreedictionary.com)
Present4
- Anabasine is a tobacco alkaloid present in tobacco products. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Anabasine is present in tobacco products, but not nicotine replacement therapies. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
- Anabasine, an alkaloid, is present in tobacco but not in commercial nicotine replacement products. (labcorp.com)
- Anabasine is frequently used as a unique marker for recent tobacco use as it can only be detected in the urine of tobacco users and is not present in the urine of those who use nicotine replacement therapies (for example, nicotine patches). (chromatographyonline.com)
Minor2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Anabasine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anabasine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
- Anabasine and anatabine are the most abundant minor alkaloids in tobacco (1). (chromatographyonline.com)
Products2
- If a sample tests positive for anabasine, then the person is still using tobacco products. (labcorp.com)
- Besides nicotine, tobacco products contain other harsh alkaloids such as anabasine and smipine both of which are also very dangerous to wildlife in general. (bellaonline.com)
Liquid1
- Liquid chromatography was optimised to separate nicotine and anabasine, which are close structural isomers. (separationsnow.com)
People1
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Anabasine" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)