A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of trichomes that are untapered with conspicuous constrictions at cross-walls. A firm individual sheath is absent, but a soft covering is often present. Many species are known worldwide as major components of freshwater PLANKTON and also of many saline lakes. The species ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals.
A species of ANABAENA that can form SPORES called akinetes.
A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.
A species in the genus ANABAENA containing gas vacuoles that gives buoyancy to the organism. It can form extensive blooms in FRESH WATER and is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals.
The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.
An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.
A species in the genus ANABAENA whose trichomes are composed of cylindrical cells.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
The metal-free blue phycobilin pigment in a conjugated chromoprotein of blue-green algae. It functions as light-absorbing substance together with chlorophylls.
A low-molecular-weight (16,000) iron-free flavoprotein containing one molecule of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and isolated from bacteria grown on an iron-deficient medium. It can replace ferredoxin in all the electron-transfer functions in which the latter is known to serve in bacterial cells.
A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales. Trichomes composed of spherical or ovoid vegetative cells along with heterocysts and akinetes. The species form symbiotic associations with a wide range of eukaryotes.
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of FERREDOXIN or ADRENODOXIN in the presence of NADP. EC 1.18.1.2 was formerly listed as EC 1.6.7.1 and EC 1.6.99.4.
An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Cyclic heptapeptides found in MICROCYSTIS and other CYANOBACTERIA. Hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects have been noted. They are sometimes called cyanotoxins, which should not be confused with chemicals containing a cyano group (CN) which are toxic.
A genus of filamentous CYANOBACTERIA in the order Oscillatoriales. It is commonly found in freshwater environments, especially hot springs.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. Many species are planktonic and possess gas vacuoles.
Light energy harvesting structures attached to the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of CYANOBACTERIA and RED ALGAE. These multiprotein complexes contain pigments (PHYCOBILIPROTEINS) that transfer light energy to chlorophyll a.
Photosensory rhodopsins found in microorganisms such as HALOBACTERIA. They convert light signals into biochemical information that regulates certain cellular functions such as flagellar motor activity.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
A non-heme iron-sulfur protein isolated from Clostridium pasteurianum and other bacteria. It is a component of NITROGENASE along with molybdoferredoxin and is active in nitrogen fixation.
Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Open chain tetrapyrroles that function as light harvesting chromophores in PHYCOBILIPROTEINS.

A cold shock-induced cyanobacterial RNA helicase. (1/485)

The ability to modify RNA secondary structure is crucial for numerous cellular processes. We have characterized two RNA helicase genes, crhB and crhC, which are differentially expressed in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. crhC transcription is limited specifically to cold shock conditions while crhB is expressed under a variety of conditions, including enhanced expression in the cold. This implies that both RNA helicases are involved in the cold acclimation process in cyanobacteria; however, they presumably perform different roles in this adaptation. Although both CrhB and CrhC belong to the DEAD box subfamily of RNA helicases, CrhC encodes a novel RNA helicase, as the highly conserved SAT motif is modified to FAT. This alteration may affect CrhC function and its association with specific RNA targets and/or accessory proteins, interactions required for cold acclimation. Primer extension and analysis of the 5' untranslated region of crhC revealed the transcriptional start site, as well as a number of putative cold shock-responsive elements. The potential role(s) performed by RNA helicases in the acclimation of cyanobacteria to cold shock is discussed.  (+info)

Constitutive and nitrogen-regulated promoters of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. (2/485)

Determination of the putative transcription start points of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 and PCC 7120 showed that this gene is transcribed from two promoters, one constitutively used under different conditions of nitrogen nutrition and the other one used in cells subjected to nitrogen stepdown and in nitrogen-fixing filaments. The latter promoter, whose use was NtcA-dependent but HetR-independent, was functional in heterocysts. The N-control transcriptional regulator NtcA was observed to bind in vitro to this promoter. For the sake of comparison, the transcription start points of the nifHDK operon in strain PCC 7120 and binding of NtcA to the nifHDK promoter were also examined.  (+info)

Quantitative structure activity relationships for the electron transfer reactions of Anabaena PCC 7119 ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase with nitrobenzene and nitrobenzimidazolone derivatives: mechanistic implications. (3/485)

The steady state single electron reduction of polynitroaromatics by ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.18.1.2) from cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 has been studied and quantitative structure activity relationships are described. The solubility of the polynitroaromatics as well as their reactivity towards ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase are markedly higher than those for previously studied mononitroaromatics and this enabled the independent measurement of the kinetic parameters-k(cat) and Km. Interestingly, the natural logarithm of the bimolecular rate constant, k(cat)/Km, and also the natural logarithm of k(cat) correlate with the calculated energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the polynitroaromatic substrates. The minimal kinetic model in line with these quantitative structure activity relationships is a ping-pong mechanism which includes substrate binding equilibria in the second half reaction.  (+info)

Lag phase of CO2-dependent O2 evolution by illuminated Anabaena variabilis cells. (4/485)

The steady-state rate of CO2-dependent O2 evolution by Anabaena variabilis cells in response to illumination was established after a lag phase. The lag phase was shortened (1) in cells incubated with glucose as an oxidizable substrate and (2) upon an increase in light intensity. The lag phase was absent during electron transfer from H2O to p-benzoquinone (in combination with ferricyanide) involving Photosystem II. A lag was observed during electron transfer from H2O to methyl viologen involving Photosystems II and I, but not for electron transfer from N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (in combination with ascorbate) to methyl viologen involving only Photosystem I. The lag phases of the light-induced H2O --> CO2 and H2O --> methyl viologen electron transfer reactions showed the same temperature dependences at 10-30 degrees C. The lag was prevented by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea at concentrations that caused partial inhibition of photosynthetic O2 evolution. Retardation of cell respiration by a combination of CN- and benzylhydroxamate shortened the lag phase of the H2O --> methyl viologen electron transfer. It is concluded that the lag phase is associated with the electron transfer step between Photosystem II and Photosystem I common for the photosynthetic and respiratory chains and is due to the stimulation of cell respiration during the initial period of illumination as a consequence of an increase in the reduced plastoquinone pool and to subsequent retardation of respiration resulting from the transition of the electron transfer chain to the competitive pathway involving Photosystem I.  (+info)

Electrostatic forces involved in orienting Anabaena ferredoxin during binding to Anabaena ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase: site-specific mutagenesis, transient kinetic measurements, and electrostatic surface potentials. (5/485)

Transient absorbance measurements following laser flash photolysis have been used to measure the rate constants for electron transfer (et) from reduced Anabaena ferredoxin (Fd) to wild-type and seven site-specific charge-reversal mutants of Anabaena ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase (FNR). These mutations have been designed to probe the importance of specific positively charged amino acid residues on the surface of the FNR molecule near the exposed edge of the FAD cofactor in the protein-protein interaction during et with Fd. The mutant proteins fall into two groups: overall, the K75E, R16E, and K72E mutants are most severely impaired in et, and the K138E, R264E, K290E, and K294E mutants are impaired to a lesser extent, although the degree of impairment varies with ionic strength. Binding constants for complex formation between the oxidized proteins and for the transient et complexes show that the severity of the alterations in et kinetics for the mutants correlate with decreased stabilities of the protein-protein complexes. Those mutated residues, which show the largest effects, are located in a region of the protein in which positive charge predominates, and charge reversals have large effects on the calculated local surface electrostatic potential. In contrast, K138, R264, K290, and K294 are located within or close to regions of intense negative potential, and therefore the introduction of additional negative charges have considerably smaller effects on the calculated surface potential. We attribute the relative changes in et kinetics and complex binding constants for these mutants to these characteristics of the surface charge distribution in FNR and conclude that the positively charged region of the FNR surface located in the vicinity of K75, R16, and K72 is especially important in the binding and orientation of Fd during electron transfer.  (+info)

Electron-nuclear double resonance and hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopic studies of flavodoxin mutants from Anabaena sp. PCC 7119. (6/485)

The influence of the amino acid residues surrounding the flavin ring in the flavodoxin of the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119 on the electron spin density distribution of the flavin semiquinone was examined in mutants of the key residues Trp(57) and Tyr(94) at the FMN binding site. Neutral semiquinone radicals of the proteins were obtained by photoreduction and examined by electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopies. Significant differences in electron density distribution were observed in the flavodoxin mutants Trp(57) --> Ala and Tyr(94) --> Ala. The results indicate that the presence of a bulky residue (either aromatic or aliphatic) at position 57, as compared with an alanine, decreases the electron spin density in the nuclei of the benzene flavin ring, whereas an aromatic residue at position 94 increases the electron spin density at positions N(5) and C(6) of the flavin ring. The influence of the FMN ribityl and phosphate on the flavin semiquinone was determined by reconstituting apoflavodoxin samples with riboflavin and with lumiflavin. The coupling parameters of the different nuclei of the isoalloxazine group, as detected by ENDOR and HYSCORE, were very similar to those of the native flavodoxin. This indicates that the protein conformation around the flavin ring and the electron density distribution in the semiquinone form are not influenced by the phosphate and the ribityl of FMN.  (+info)

Identification of amino acids responsible for the oxygen sensitivity of ferredoxins from Anabaena variabilis using site-directed mutagenesis. (7/485)

The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis (ATCC 29413) possesses two molybdenum dependent nitrogenase systems, nif1 and nif2. The nif1 system is regulated by a developmental program involving heterocyst differentiation; the nif2 system is expressed in all cells only under anaerobic conditions and the expression is controlled environmentally. The genes fdxH1 and fdxH2, encoding two [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins, are part of the these two distinct and differently regulated nif gene clusters. The sensitivity of both ferredoxins to oxygen was different; the half-life of FdxH2 in air was only approximately 1.5 h, while FdxH1 retained 80% of its nitrogenase activity after 24 h. We used site-directed mutagenesis to identify the role of individual amino acid residues responsible for oxygen sensitivity and found out that the FdxH2 double mutant I76A/V77L was much more resistant to oxygen than the wild-type ferredoxin (FdxH2) and similar to FdxH1. By modelling it was shown that the accessibility of the cavity around the iron-sulfur cluster was responsible for that.  (+info)

The hetC gene is a direct target of the NtcA transcriptional regulator in cyanobacterial heterocyst development. (8/485)

The heterocyst is the site of nitrogen fixation in aerobically grown cultures of some filamentous cyanobacteria. Heterocyst development in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is dependent on the global nitrogen regulator NtcA and requires, among others, the products of the hetR and hetC genes. Expression of hetC, tested by RNA- DNA hybridization, was impaired in an ntcA mutant. A nitrogen-regulated, NtcA-dependent putative transcription start point was localized at nucleotide -571 with respect to the hetC translational start. Sequences upstream from this transcription start point exhibit the structure of the canonical cyanobacterial promoter activated by NtcA, and purified NtcA protein specifically bound to a DNA fragment containing this promoter. Activation of expression of hetC during heterocyst development appears thus to be directly operated by NtcA. NtcA-mediated activation of hetR expression was not impaired in a hetC mutant, indicating that HetC is not an NtcA-dependent element required for hetR induction.  (+info)

Nitrogen is an essential building block of proteins and nucleic acids and, therefore, crucial for the biosphere. Nearly 79 % of the air consists of nitrogen, but in the form of nitrogen gas (N2), which cannot be utilized by most organisms. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms such as cyanobacteria have a central role in supplying biologically useful nitrogen to the biosphere. Therefore, it is important to achieve further understanding of control mechanisms involved in nitrogen fixation and related processes. This thesis concerns different molecular aspects of the transcription factor NtcA from the heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. Apart from performing oxygenic photosynthesis, Anabaena PCC 7120 is also capable of fixing nitrogen. NtcA is a protein regulating transcription of a wide range of genes and in particular genes involved in cyanobacterial global nitrogen control. NtcA binds as a dimer to the promoter regions of target genes such as those involved in nitrogen fixation and ...
Jones, K.M.; Haselkorn, R., 2002: Newly identified cytochrome c oxidase operon in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 specifically induced in heterocysts
Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium that fixes N2 in specialized cells called heterocysts, which differentiate from vegetative cells in a process that requires the nitrogen control transcription factor NtcA. 2-Oxoglutarate-stimulated binding of purified NtcA to wild-type and modified versions of the ntcA gene promoter from Anabaena sp. was analyzed by mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays, and the role of NtcA-binding sites in the expression of the ntcA gene during heterocyst differentiation was studied in vivo by using an ntcA-gfp translational fusion and primer extension analysis. Mutation of neither of the two identified NtcA-binding sites eliminated localized expression of ntcA in proheterocysts, but mutation of both sites led to very low, nonlocalized expression. Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved ...
The CRP-family transcription factor NtcA, universally found in cyanobacteria, was initially discovered as a regulator operating N control. It responds to the N regime signaled by the internal 2-oxoglutarate levels, an indicator of the C to N balance of the cells. Canonical NtcA-activated promoters bear an NtcA-consensus binding site (GTAN8TAC) centered at about 41.5 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start point. In strains of the Anabaena/Nostoc genera NtcA is pivotal for the differentiation of heterocysts in response to N stress. In this study, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing to identify the whole catalog of NtcA-binding sites in cells of the filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 three hours after the withdrawal of combined N. NtcA has been found to bind to 2,424 DNA regions in the genome of Anabaena, which have been ascribed to 2,153 genes. Interestingly, only a small proportion of those genes are involved in N
Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, a filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, is one of the research models for prokaryotic cell differentiation and pattern formation. Its specialized nitrogen-fixing cells, called heterocysts, are semiregularly distributed along filaments. In the process of differentiation from a vegetative cell to a heterocyst, cell division is stopped, an envelope consisting of outer polysaccharide layer and inner glycolipid layer is formed, photosynthetic oxygen production no longer takes place, and respiration is remarkably intensified (37). Due to the degradation of phycobilisomes, the phycobiliprotein fluorescence is basically missing in heterocysts (1).. Many genes involved in heterocyst differentiation have been identified. The master regulatory gene hetR (5) encodes a DNA-binding protein that probably recognizes the promoter regions of itself and other heterocyst differentiation genes (19). hetC encodes an ABC peptide or protein transporter (22), whose expression is ...
The goal of this research was to understand regulation of heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 (hereafter Anabaena PCC 7120) by characterizing regulatory genes for heterocyst formation and their mutants. Anabaena is a filamentous cyanobacterium that forms specialized cells for nitrogen fixation. called heterocysts, which differentiate from vegetative cells at intervals of 10 - 12 cells. Two genes, patS and hetN. are known to suppress the differentiation of vegetative cells into heterocysts for establishing and maintaining a pattern of heterocysts along the filament This study has established that PatS and HetN work independently to suppress differentiation. Using a patS-deletion strain with conditional expression of hetN, it was shown in this study that PatS and HetN are members of separate heterocyst suppression pathways. Inactivation of either of these negative regulators enhances heterocyst frequencies to >20%, compared to 9% in the wild type. However, inactivation of ...
Filamentous cyanobacteria represent model organisms for investigating multicellularity. For many species, nitrogen-fixing heterocysts are formed from photosynthetic vegetative cells under nitrogen limitation. Intracellular Ca2+ has been implicated in the highly regulated process of heterocyst differentiation but its role remains unclear. Ca2+ is known to operate more broadly in metabolic signalling in cyanobacteria, although the signalling mechanisms are virtually unknown. A Ca2+-binding protein called the Ca2+ Sensor EF-hand (CSE) is found almost exclusively in filamentous cyanobacteria. Expression of asr1131 encoding the CSE protein in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was strongly induced by low CO2 conditions, and rapidly downregulated during nitrogen step-down. A previous study suggests a role for CSE and Ca2+ in regulation of photosynthetic activity in response to changes in carbon and nitrogen availability. In the current study, a mutant Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 strain lacking asr1131 (Δcse) was highly prone
Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (hereafter Anabaena) is a model cyanobacterium to study nitrogen fixation, cellular differentiation and several other key biological functions that are analogous in plants. As with any other organism, many genes in Anabaena encode an essential life function and hence cannot be deleted, causing a bottleneck in the elucidation of its genomic function. Antisense RNA (asRNA) mediated approach renders the study of essential genes possible by suppressing (but not completely eliminating) expression of the target gene, thus allowing them to function to some extent. Recently, we have successfully implemented this approach using the strong endogenous promoter of the psbA1 gene (D1 subunit of Photosystem II) introduced into a high-copy replicative plasmid (pAM1956) to suppress the transcript level of the target gene alr0277 (encoding a sigma factor, SigJ/Alr0277) in Anabaena. This protocol represents an efficient and easy procedure to further explore the functional genomics, expanding the
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Anabaena sp., Gram-negative, oxygenic, photosynthetic, nitrogen fixing, filamentous cyanobacterium (prokaryote). Note the larger cells in the filament called heterocysts which are involved in nitrogen fixation. Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue, Green algae). It found as planktonic cyanobacterium (all types of water) and is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities. Blooms or massive growths can occur in waters with a lot of nutrients. These blooms discolour the water and give it a bad odour when the cells die and decay. Anabaena is one of four genera of cyanobacteria that produce neurotoxins. These toxins are harmful to local wildlife, as well as farm animals and pets. Production of these neurotoxins is part of its symbiotic relationships it forms with certain plants. Some species of Anabaena are endophytes. Magnification: x660 when shortest axis printed at 25 - Stock Image C032/2525
Cyanobacteria are gram-negative prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis by fixing carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. Multiple species, such as Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, of cyanobacteria are also capable of fixing N2 when nitrogen sources in the environment are scarce. Around 10% of the vegetative cells of the filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 differentiate into heterocysts, cells that specialize in fixing nitrogen, in response to lack of nitrogen sources. Phycobilisomes are protein complexes composed of phycobiliproteins that catch sunlight to use in oxygenic photosynthesis and exist within the thylakoid membranes of vegetative cells. The phycobiliproteins absorb light and are composed of an α and β subunit. We removed the α and β subunit of phycocyanin, one of the phycobilproteins, to create iPC, a mutated strain of Anabaena. The wild type is an unaltered sample of Anabaena and was used as a comparison against iPC. Cells of both were grown in medium with and without a nitrogen
Geosmin has often been associated with off-flavor problems in drinking water with *Anabaena* sp. as the major producer. Rapid on-site detection of geosmin-producers as well as geosmin is important for a timely management response to potential off-flavor events. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods were developed to detect the levels of *Anabaena* sp. and geosmin, respectively, by designing two PCR primer sets to quantify the *rpoC₁* gene (ARG) and geosmin synthase one (GSG) in *Anabaena* sp. in freshwater systems. The ARG density determined by qPCR assay is highly related to microscopic cell count (r² = 0.726, p | 0.001), and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the qPCR method were 0.02 pg and 0.2 pg of DNA, respectively. At the same time, the relationship between geosmin concentrations measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GSG copies was also established (r² = 0.742, p | 0.001) with similar LOD and LOQ values.
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 is a filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen and CO2 using the energy of sunlight via oxygen-evolving plant-type photosynthesis. It has also been studied extensively for the production of hydrogen using solar energy. It has a complex life cycle that includes different types of differentiated cells: heterocysts for nitrogen fixation, and akinetes (spores) for survival. It has been studied extensively for over 40 years and is the strain of choice for many laboratories throughout the world. (EBI Integr8 ...
A notable symbiotic relationship is that of Anabaena cyanobacteria with Azolla plants. Anabaena reside on the stems and within leaves of Azolla plants[7]. The Azolla plant undergoes photosynthesis and provides fixed carbon for the Anabaena to use as an energy source for dinitrogenases in the heterocyst cells.[7]. In return, the heterocysts are able to provide the vegetative cells and the Azolla plant with fixed nitrogen in the form of ammonia which supports growth of both organisms[7][8].. This symbiotic relationship is exploited by humans in agriculture. In Asia, Azolla plants containing Anabaena species are used as biofertilizer where nitrogen is limiting[7] as well as in animal feed[8]. Different strains of Azolla-Anabaena are suited for different environments and may lead to differences in crop production[9]. Rice crops grown with Azolla-Anabaena as biofertilizer have been shown to result in a much greater quantity and quality of produce compared to crops without the cyanobacteria[8][10]. ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
Under nitrogen deprivation, filaments of the cyanobacterium Anabaena undergo a process of development, resulting in a one-dimensional pattern of nitrogen-fixing heterocysts separated by about ten photosynthetic vegetative cells. Many aspects of gene expression before nitrogen deprivation and during the developmental process remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, the coupling of gene expression fluctuations between cells along a multicellular filament is unknown. We studied the statistics of fluctuations of gene expression of HetR, a transcription factor essential for heterocyst differentiation, both under steady-state growth in nitrogen-rich conditions and at different times following nitrogen deprivation, using a chromosomally-encoded translational hetR-gfp fusion. Statistical analysis of fluorescence at the individual cell level in wild-type and mutant filaments demonstrates that expression fluctuations of hetR in nearby cells are coupled, with a characteristic spatial range of circa two to ...
I think I might do something on cell differentiation into heterocysts in the cyanobacteria, and look at cell fate. I read about something called patS which is a peptide that appears when the nitrogen levels of the area are very low and those bacterial cells that have large quantities of patS differentiate into heterocysts, which then secrete patS to the surrounding cells and inhibiting them from differentiating and this is how the reasonably equal spacing between heterocysts is achieved. Is this all correct? Also any more information on heterocyst formation would be appreciated ...
The lexA gene of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120 has been cloned by PCR amplification with primers designed after TBLASTN analysis of its genome sequence using the Escherichia coli LexA
A study on Anabaena strains was carried out to investigate the effect of combined stress of polyethylene glycol 6000 (0,-5 bar and -7 bar) and temperature (30°C and 45 °C) on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycobilins) and total proteins as stress metabolites. The selected strains, A. oryzae and A. ellipsospora were sensitive to osmotic stress at ambient temperature of 30 0C and increase in the temperature to 45 0C was harmful to the growth of Anabaena strains. Chlorophyll a contents decreased at 30 0C and -7 bar pressure from 8.868 to 0.710 µg ml-1 and 4.360 to 0.220 µg ml-1 in A. oryzae and in A. ellipsospora, respectively and at -7 bar osmotic stress and 45 0C temperature, decrease in Chl a content of A.oryzae was 92.9%, however A. ellipsospora was highly sensitive and could not survive under these conditions. Carotenoids and phycobilins also showed decreasing trends with increase in temperature and osmotic potential. Moreover, combined stress adversely ...
Anabaena: Genus of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae with beadlike or barrel-like cells and interspersed enlarged spores (heterocysts), found as plankton in shallow water and on moist soil....
The British International Freight Association (BIFA) has slammed the recent introduction of the sulphur surcharge by the container shipping industry, describing it as unjustified.. To remind, the worlds largest liner company Maersk Line is planning to introduce a new fuel adjustment surcharge ahead of the 2020 sulphur cap. The surcharge will be introduced on January 1, 2019, and it will be levied separately from the companys freight rate.. As explained, the new Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) surcharge aims at recovering Maersk Lines costs of compliance with the global sulphur cap, which is set to increase the companys fuel bill by USD 2 billion a year.. Robert Keen, BIFA Director General, said rises of such magnitude were unjustified and could be construed as blatant profiteering by shipping lines determined to exploit the situation.. BIFA would prefer any necessary increases to be consolidated within freight rates and with any required fluctuation being managed against that figure.. BIFA ...
1J7C: Structure-function relationships in Anabaena ferredoxin: correlations between X-ray crystal structures, reduction potentials, and rate constants of electron transfer to ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase for site-specific ferredoxin mutants.
Growth and phage resistance of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 in the presence of cyanophage AN-15. Mole,R., Meredith,D., Adams,D.G. (1997). Journal of Applied Phycology [J. Appl. Phycol. ] 9:339-345. The cyanophage AN-15 was found to have a requirement for either 1 mM calcium or 1 mM magnesium ions to maintain viral stability, whereas 1 mM calcium ions alone were essential for the infection process to proceed in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Following prolonged incubation, phage-resistant cells were detected at a high frequency (approximately 10 super(-5)) in lysates, as either renewed growth in liquid cultures, or as colonies in confluently lysed lawns. Southern hybridisation failed to detect AN-15 DNA in any of the resistant strains, implying that resistance is unlikely to be due to the presence of temperate phages. A high rate of spontaneous mutation is therefore likely to be the cause of resistance. Two classes of resistant cells were identified; those in which AN-15 failed to attach to host ...
was obseved once at St. Mulgeum and St. Seonam, twice at St. Hagueon out of total 9 samplings. There were not significant correlations between the standing crop of Anabaena and other physicochemical parameters such as temperature, nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphate, total phophorus and N/P ratios. The frequency of trichomes with akinetes was low and ranged from 0 to 4% in the total Anabaena population and A. smithii showed highest frequency of 2.8% among all species. The population at St. Seonam showed highest frequency of 1.4% among all sampling sties. The population in September showed the highest frequency of 3.0% among all sampling period. The frequency of trichomes with heterocysts was low and ranged from 1 to 87% inthe total Anabaena population and A. smithii showed highest frequency of 55.1% among all species. The population at St. Mulgeum showed highest frequency of 17.6% among all sampling sites. The population in August showed the highest frequency of 21.4% among all sampling period. ...
The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
The interactions can be divided into four classes: direct contacts to bases and phosphates, water-mediated and van der Waals contacts, and α-helix-dipole interactions. Because there is some asymmetry of interaction observed, we first describe the half of the complex where most of the interactions are provided by the A subunit and then indicate differences. Direct interactions with phosphate groups result in fastening DNA to protein with a specific register. These direct interactions link Lys76 with P−7/−8, Asn60 with P−8/−9/−10, amides of Leu61 and Arg62 with P−9/−10, Ser179 with P+3/+4 (Figs. 2 and 3), and amides of Glu180 and Ala181 with P+4/+5. From the opposite subunit, His69′ interacts with P+3/+4 (Figs. 2 and 3) and Arg74′ with P0/+1, and Arg188− forms a salt bridge with P−9/−10. Water-mediated interactions involve Arg34, His35, and Asp40 with P+2/+3 (with Asp40 approaching from the minor groove), and from the opposite subunit, Lys47′ and Arg74′ with P0/+1. ...
Protein Spotlight (ISSN 1424-4721) is a monthly review written by the Swiss-Prot team of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Spotlight articles describe a specific protein or family of proteins on an informal tone edited by Vivienne Baillie Gerritsen
Ferredoxin-NAD reductase (FNR) catalyzes the electron transfer from ferredoxin to NAD via its flavin FAD cofactor. To get further insights in the architecture of the transient complexes produced during the hydride transfer event between the enzyme and the NAD coenzyme we have applied NMR spectroscopy using Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) techniques to analyze the interaction between FNRox and the oxidized state of its NAD coenzyme. We have found that STD NMR, together with the use of selected mutations on FNR and of the non-FNR reacting coenzyme analogue NA, are appropriate tools to provide further information about the the interaction epitope.. ...
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The filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Richelia intracellularis forms associations with diatoms and is very abundant in tropical and subtropical seas. The genus Richelia contains only one species, R. intracellularis Schmidt, although it forms associations with several diatom genera and has considerable variation in size and morphology. The genetic diversity, and possible host specificity, within the genus Richelia is unknown. Using primers against hetR, a gene unique for filamentous cyanobacteria, specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were obtained from natural populations of R. intracellularis filaments associated with three diatom genera. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences showed that they were all in the same clade. This clade contained only the R. intracellularis sequences. The genetic affiliation of hetR sequences of R. intracellularis to those of other heterocystous cyanobacteria strongly suggests that it was not closely related to endosymbiotic Nostoc spp, ...
A structural model of the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease NucA from Anabaena sp. PCC7120 that has been obtained on the basis of the three-dimensional structure of the related Serratia nuclease, suggests that the overall architecture of the active site including amino acid residues H124, N155 and E163 (corresponding to H89, N119 and E127 in Serratia nuclease) is similar in both nucleases. Substitution of these residues by alanine leads to a large reduction in activity (,0.1%), similarly as observed for Serratia nuclease demonstrating that both enzymes share a similar mechanism of catalysis with differences only in detail. NucA is inhibited by its specific polypeptide inhibitor with a K1 value in the subpicomolar range, while the related Serratia nuclease at nanomolar concentrations is only inhibited at an approximately 1000-fold molar excess of NuiA. The artificial chromophoric substrate deoxythymidine 3,5-bis-(p-nitrophenyl phosphate) is cleaved by NucA as well as by Serratia nuclease. ...
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Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all living organisms. In cyanobacteria, a group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen homeostasis is maintained by an intricate regulatory network around the transcription factor NtcA. Although mechanisms controlling NtcA activity appear to be well understood, the sets of genes under its control (i.e., its regulon) remain poorly defined. In this protocol, we describe the procedure for chromatin immunoprecipitation using NtcA antibodies, followed by DNA sequencing analysis (ChIP-seq) during early acclimation to nitrogen starvation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis). This protocol can be extended to analyze any DNA-binding protein in cyanobacteria for which suitable antibodies exist.
Azolla plant surface. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the surface of an Azolla (water fern) plant. This plant has a symbiotic relationship with Anabaena cyanobacteria, where the cyanobacteria doubles the rate of photosynthesis and fulfils the nitrogen requirements of the plant. Both these factors give the water fern a competitive advantage over other water plants, a factor spotted by the Chinese 2000 years ago. The Anabaena-Azolla association is used as a green manure for rice crops. Anabaena is a filamentous organism, which, apart from vegetative cells, forms heterocysts and akinetes. - Stock Image C022/6173
The heterocystous cyanobacterium Richelia intracellularis Schmidt 1901 is well known for its capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) in oligotrophic wa
Current Research: Cyanobacteria, through billions of years of evolution, have become well-tuned biological devices that can efficiently harvest solar energy, the one limitless source of energy on Earth, and convert that energy into a variety of reduced carbon compounds. Because of their simple requirements for rapid growth and ease of genetic manipulation as well as industrialized production, cyanobacteria are particularly attractive organisms for bioenergy production. One topic of research in my laboratory is focused on developing a suite of engineered Anabaena strains that are separately capable of directly converting CO2 and H2O into fuel ethanol, long-chain alcohols and other commodity chemicals using free solar energy. Through purposefully genetic alteration of targeted metabolic pathways, we will redirect Anabaenas carbon flow from producing stored bioenergy precursors (i.e., lipids and polysaccharides) to direct production of excreted products. This will enable continuous product ...
Current Research: Cyanobacteria, through billions of years of evolution, have become well-tuned biological devices that can efficiently harvest solar energy, the one limitless source of energy on Earth, and convert that energy into a variety of reduced carbon compounds. Because of their simple requirements for rapid growth and ease of genetic manipulation as well as industrialized production, cyanobacteria are particularly attractive organisms for bioenergy production. One topic of research in my laboratory is focused on developing a suite of engineered Anabaena strains that are separately capable of directly converting CO2 and H2O into fuel ethanol, long-chain alcohols and other commodity chemicals using free solar energy. Through purposefully genetic alteration of targeted metabolic pathways, we will redirect Anabaenas carbon flow from producing stored bioenergy precursors (i.e., lipids and polysaccharides) to direct production of excreted products. This will enable continuous product ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
Expression of toxin genes of high toxic Bacillus in cyanobacteria is a potenial way to reach prolonged mosquito control. But for their low toxicity, the genetically engineered cyanobacteria can not be practically used hitheto, and in most reports, the recombinant cells need lysate for toxicity essays. In. this research, high larvicidal activity of recombinant Anabaena was developed by expressing the toxin genes of B. sphaericus from an Anabaena promoter. LC_(50)(24h.) of the larvicidal cyanobacterium to larvae of Culex pipiens was 2.31×10~4 cells/ml, and its practical use under outdoor conditions was demonstrated. Similar to B. sphaericus, its toxicity to larvae of Culex pipiens. Anopheles sinensis and Aedes albopictus decrvases in order. For its simple growth requirements and wide ecological adaptations, the larvicidal Anabaena might become a new weapon for prolonged control on mosquito.
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center>,big>,big>,big>Cyanobacteria - Blue-Green Algae,/big>,/big>,/big>,/center> ,br> [[Image:Anabaena sperica.jpg,thumb,200px,center,Anabaena sperica, a filamentous cyanobacterium ([[Phycobacteria]], [[Nostocales]], [[Nostocaceae]])]] ,br> ,table border=1 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=1 width=100% > ,tr>,th bgcolor=#CCCCCC colspan=2>Cyanobacteria,/th>,/tr> ,tr> ,td align=center width=200 valign=top >Linnaean Hierarchy,/td> ,td align=center width=400 valign=top >Local Cladogram,/td> ,/tr> ,tr> ,td align=justify valign=top > [[Domain]]: [[Eubacteria]],br> [[Division]]: Cyanobacteria,br> [[Order]]s: * [[Chroococcales]] * [[Prochlorales]] * [[Pleurocapsales]] * [[Oscillatoriales]] * [[Nostocales]] * [[Stigonematales]] ,/td> ,td align=justify valign=top> [[LUCA]] ,--[[Eubacteria]] (note) , ,--[[Clostridea]] , `--[[Cyanobacteria]] , see [[#Phylogeny,phylogeny section]] (below) for subgroups `--[[Neomura]] ,--[[Archaea]] ...
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supplier high capacity flotation cell hydraulic_technical brief - World Health Organization and water suppliers determine when to take action and what actions to takecyanobacteria, such as Anabaena and Microcystis, may float upward when mixi
Abe, T., Tsuzuki, M., Kaplan, A., Miyachi, S. 1987 Transport and fixation of inorganic carbon during photosynthesis in the cells of Anabaena grown under ordinary air. II. Effect of sodium concentration during growth on the induction of active transport system for IC. Plant Cell Physiol., 28, 671-677 ...
W.M. W.M. Gram £5.69 Gram £5.49 Saf. & F.G. £5.49 Phylum: Chlorophyta (Green Algae) Anabaena filaments W.M. H & F.G. £11.95 ...
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Nutrient regulation of alkaline phosphatase (phosphomonoesterase - PMEase) was studied in some diazotrophic cyanobacterial strains like Anabaena variabilis, Anabaena torulosa, Calothrix brevissima, Scytonema javanicum and Hapalosiphon intricatus, in
The aim of this thesis is to enhance heterocyst-based hydrogen production inNostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133. We envision to do so by finely regulatingthe ratio of heterocyst in order to optimize the filament energy balance. Wehereby report the development of an optogenetic synthetic switch basedon the native PcpeC promoter. The optogenetic switch featured a 24-folddynamic range when measuring reporter sfGFP fluorescence. Such a geneticgate was conceived to artificially drive the expression of hetR, the masterregulator of heterocyst development. We achieved to induce enhancedheterocyst differentiation in the presence of ammonia only by changing thechromatic properties of the light source. Thus, the natural cell developmentregulation was substituted by effectively introducing a full person-drivencontrol over the process.. ...
General Information: Trichodesmium erythraeum strain IMS101 was isolated from the North Carolina coast in 1992 and grows in straight filaments. Filamentous marine cyanobacterium. This filamentous marine cyanobacterium is a nitrogen-fixing organism that contribues a significant amount of the global fixed nitrogen each year. These bacteria are unusual in that nitrogen fixation takes place in a differentiated cell called the diazocyte which is different from the nitrogen-fixing differentiated cell (heterocyst) found in other cyanobacteria. The diazocyte is developed in order to protect the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenases and includes a number of changes including production of more membranes and down-regulation of photosynthetic activity during times of peak nitrogen fixation (noontime). This organism gives the Red Sea its name when large blooms appear and is one of the organisms most often associated with large blooms in marine waters. ...
General Information: Trichodesmium erythraeum strain IMS101 was isolated from the North Carolina coast in 1992 and grows in straight filaments. Filamentous marine cyanobacterium. This filamentous marine cyanobacterium is a nitrogen-fixing organism that contribues a significant amount of the global fixed nitrogen each year. These bacteria are unusual in that nitrogen fixation takes place in a differentiated cell called the diazocyte which is different from the nitrogen-fixing differentiated cell (heterocyst) found in other cyanobacteria. The diazocyte is developed in order to protect the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenases and includes a number of changes including production of more membranes and down-regulation of photosynthetic activity during times of peak nitrogen fixation (noontime). This organism gives the Red Sea its name when large blooms appear and is one of the organisms most often associated with large blooms in marine waters. ...
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Ackr2 - Ackr2 (untagged) - Mouse chemokine binding protein 2 (Ccbp2), (10ug) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
Summary of ACKR2 (CCBP2, CCR10, CCR9, CMKBR9, D6) expression in human tissue. Cytoplasmic expression mainly in placenta and ciliated cells.
tolybyssidin B: isolated from the culture medium of mass cultured cyanobacterium Tolypothrix byssoidea; structure in first source
10.1039/C5EM00097A Media related to Anabaena at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Anabaena at Wikispecies Sequenced Anabaena ... is studied in Anabaena. Anabaena sensory rhodopsin, a specific light-sensitive membrane protein, is central to this research. ... Anabaena is used as a model organism to study simple vision. The process in which light changes the shape of molecules in the ... This has made Anabaena azollae completely dependent on its host, as several of its genes are either lost or has been ...
... exhibits a filamentous morphology, each filament a string of task-specific cells. The appearance of cell ... Biological toxicity aside, Anabaena circinalis blooms have the potential to disrupt commercial fishing areas, water-treatment ... Baker, P. (1992). "Anabaena circinalis". In Tyler, P (ed.). Identification of common noxious cyanobacteria, part 1. Nostocales ... Anabaena circinalis is a species of Gram-negative, photosynthetic cyanobacteria common to freshwater environments throughout ...
... is a species of filamentous cyanobacterium. This species of the genus Anabaena and the domain Eubacteria is ... though no such relationship has been observed with Anabaena variabilis. Anabaena variabilis is also a model organism for ... Anabaena variabilis is a phylogenic-cousin of the more well-known species Nostoc spirrilum. Both of these species along with ... Pearce, J.; Leach, C. K.; Carr, N. G. (1969). "The Incomplete Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the Blue-green Alga Anabaena ...
Anabaena spp. colonize the roots of wheat and cotton plants. Calothrix sp. has also been found on the root system of wheat. ... Assessment of wheat seedling roots revealed two types of association patterns: loose colonization of root hair by Anabaena and ... Anabaena and Cylindrospermum, from plant root and soil. ...
"Naomi Fraga homepage". anabaena.net. Retrieved 2022-10-23. Fraga (2015). Barber, Gregory. "The Lithium Mine Versus the ...
Anabaena spp. colonize the roots of wheat and cotton plants. Calothrix sp. has also been found on the root system of wheat. ... Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena (a symbiont of the aquatic fern Azolla) can provide rice plantations with biofertilizer. ... Others, such as Anabaena variabilis, can steer by bending the trichome. Finally, photophobic microorganisms respond to spatial ... Assessment of wheat seedling roots revealed two types of association patterns: loose colonization of root hair by Anabaena and ...
Invasive phytoplankton species of Prosopis juliflora, Spirulina major, Oscillatoria spp., Anabaena spp., Rhizosolenia ...
Previous studies attributed neurotoxin production to Anabaena flos-aquae species, which is also a type of nitrogen-fixing ... They form a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen. The typical ... Agnihotri, Vijai K. (2014). "Anabaena flos-aquae". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 44 (18): 1995-2037 ...
The genus Anabaena uses specialized cells called heterocysts to physically separate nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis. ... Agnihotri, Vijai K (2014). "Anabaena flos-aquae". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 44 (18): 1995-2037 ...
Freshwater Anabaena species" (PDF). Preslia (in English and Latin). 77: 211-234. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 June ...
Cyanobacterial blooms (Anabaena spp.) are common in the stagnant water of dams, but do not occur in the flowing water of rivers ...
Anabaena sperica Anabaena is used as a model organism to study simple vision Helical filaments of cyanobacteria Helical ... Golden JW, Yoon HS (December 1998). "Heterocyst formation in Anabaena". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 1 (6): 623-9. doi: ... Schapiro, Igor (May 2014). "Ultrafast photochemistry of Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin: Experiment and theory". Biochimica et ... and Anabaena sphaerica. They fix nitrogen from atmospheric N2 using the enzyme nitrogenase, in order to provide the cells in ...
Azotobacter, Anabaena, and Clostridium) , symbiotic (ex. Rhizobium and Trichodesmium) and associative symbiotic (ex. ...
The KaiA protein from Anabaena sp. (strain PCC 7120) lacks the N-terminal CheY-like domain. KaiB adopts an alpha-beta meander ... Garces RG, Wu N, Gillon W, Pai EF (April 2004). "Anabaena circadian clock proteins KaiA and KaiB reveal a potential common ...
Gleason FK, Eklund H, Saarinen M (1995). "Crystal structure of thioredoxin-2 from Anabaena". Structure. 3 (10): 1097-1108. doi: ...
Examples are Anabaena cylindrica and Nostoc commune. Other cyanobacteria lack heterocysts and can fix nitrogen only in low ... The fern association is important agriculturally: the water fern Azolla harbouring Anabaena is an important green manure for ...
de Waard A, Korsuize J, van Beveren CP, Maat J (December 1978). "A new sequence-specific endonuclease from Anabaena cylindrica ... Whitehead PR, Brown NL (April 1985). "Three restriction endonucleases from Anabaena flos-aquae". J Gen Microbiol. 131 (4): 951- ... Hughes SG, Murray K (January 1980). "The nucleotide sequences recognized by endonucleases AvaI and AvaII from Anabaena ... "Complete genomic sequence of the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120". DNA Res. 8 (5): 227- ...
ISBN 978-0-12-597180-5. Carmichael WW, Gorham PR (1978). "Anatoxins from clones of Anabaena flos-aquae isolated from lakes of ... Carmichael WW, Biggs DF, Gorham PR (1975). "Toxicology and pharmacological action of Anabaena flos-aquae toxin". Science. 187 ( ... Saxitoxin is produced by the cyanobacteria Anabaena spp., some Aphanizomenon spp., Cylindrospermopsis sp., Lyngbya sp. and ... a toxic alkaloid from Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-44h". Can. J. Chem. 55 (8): 1367-1371. doi:10.1139/v77-189. Archived from the ...
In Florida, these include Aphanizomenon, Anabaena and Microcystis. Some notable fish kills in Louisiana in the 1950s were due ...
AlgaeBase: Anabaena azollae Strasburger 1884 Sjödin, Erik (2012). The Azolla Cooking and Cultivation Project. "Azolla nilotica ... of a species that has variously been called Anabaena azollae, Nostoc azollae or Trichormus azollae. It occurs in stagnant or ...
Nultsch, Wilhelm; Schuchart, Hartwig; Höhl, Marga (1979). "Investigations on the phototactic orientation of Anabaena variabilis ... Anabaena, Synechocystis) can slowly orient along a light vector. This orientation occurs in filaments or colonies, but only on ...
Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon gracile. The fauna in the lake consists of eight types of benthos and ten types of fish ...
2010). "Site-directed mutagenesis of the Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 nitrogenase active site to increase photobiological ...
Nultsch, Wilhelm; Schuchart, Hartwig; Höhl, Marga (1979). "Investigations on the phototactic orientation of Anabaena variabilis ... Anabaena, Synechocystis) can slowly orient along a light vector. This orientation occurs in filaments or colonies, but only on ...
Dominant phytoplankton genera include Anabaena, Scenedesmus, and Melosira. The city of Oshkosh lies between Lake Butte des ...
Strambi, A.; Durbeej, B.; Ferre, N.; Olivucci, M. (22 November 2010). "Anabaena sensory rhodopsin is a light-driven ...
... s can infect and kill four common bloom-forming cyanobacteria: Lyngbya birgei, Anabaena circinalis, Anabaena ... The A-group of the virus causes lysis and infects Anabaena species. Similarly, the host range of the AN group includes both ... They play an important role in infecting and causing lysis of members of the genera Nostoc, Anabaena and Plectonema. ... Hu, Nien-Tai; Thiel, Teresa; Giddings, Thomas H.; Wolk, C.Peter (1981). "New Anabaena and Nostoc cyanophages from sewage ...
Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Scytonema, Rivularia) Order Stigonematales (e.g., Stigonema) Class Prochlorophyceae (e.g., Prochloron ...
"Phylogenetic comparison of the cyanobacterial genera Anabaena and Aphanizomenon". International Journal of Systematic and ...
Porchia AC, Curatti L, Salerno GL (1999). "Sucrose metabolism in cyanobacteria: sucrose synthase from Anabaena sp. strain PCC ...
Anabaena randhawae , Media: BG-11 Medium , Origin: , Description of Location: , Collection: , Isolation: G.L. Tiwari , Isolator ... Deadline to place an order for UTEX B 1823 Anabaena randhawae with a 2022 shipment date:. Dec 14, 2022 at 5:00 PM CST ...
Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera. / Lyra, C ... Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera. In: ... Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera. ... title = "Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera", ...
Dive into the research topics of Effect of anatoxin-a(s) from Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17 on blood pressure, heart rate, ... N2 - The effects of anatoxin-a(s) [antx-a(s)] from the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17 on mean arterial blood ... AB - The effects of anatoxin-a(s) [antx-a(s)] from the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17 on mean arterial blood ... The effects of anatoxin-a(s) [antx-a(s)] from the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17 on mean arterial blood pressure ...
Expression of asr1131 encoding the CSE protein in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was strongly induced by low CO2 conditions, and rapidly ... In the current study, a mutant Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 strain lacking asr1131 (Δcse) was highly prone to filament fragmentation, ... Growth conditions and treatments of Anabaena and E.coli cultures. Anabaena WT, Δcse and the complemented Δcse strain were grown ... Proper heterocyst development in Anabaena is closely coupled with filament integrity. Several mutant strains of Anabaena that ...
"Anabaena" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Anabaena" by people in this website by year, and whether " ... The species ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals. ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Anabaena" by people in Profiles. ...
In Anabaena cylindrica, protein synthesis continued during dark periods at 80 % of the rate observed in the light. Since ... Daday A., Platz R.A., Smith G.D. 1977; Anaerobic and aerobic hydrogen gas formation by the blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica ... Ownby J.D., Shannahan M., Hood E. 1979; Protein synthesis and degradation in Anabaena during nitrogen starvation. Journal of ... Mackerras A.H., De Chazal N.M., Smith G.D. 1990; Transient accumulations of cyanophycin in Anabaena cylindrica and ...
Subhashini R, Kumar K, Kannaiyan S. Biodiversity of Anabaena azollae isolates from different Azolla cultures. Indian Journal of ...
Purchase Recombinant Anabaena variabilis Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(plsY). It is produced in in vitro E.coli ... Recombinant Anabaena variabilis Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(plsY). Recombinant Anabaena variabilis Glycerol-3- ... Recombinant Anabaena variabilis Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(plsY),partial ( Yeast-CSB-YP659487BYN1 E.coli-CSB- ...
Anabaena and Nodularia) were identified in marine coastal waters during one HAB event. ...
alga associated with cycas root is anabaena or chara Dear student Algae associated with Cycas root is Anabaena. hence first one ... alga associated with cycas root is anabaena or chara. alga associated with cycas root is anabaena or chara ... Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they ...
... Conference Contributions *Overview ...
Anabaena sp.PCC 120 SVMProt MODWEB Transmembrane VADAR Ammonium transporter protein. References. *Berman, H .M; Battistuz, T; ... FUNCTIONAL ASSIGNMENT TO asl1274 UNKNOWN PROTEIN SEQUENCE IN ANABAENA sp.PCC7120 Article Id: ARCC743 , Page : 188 - 194 ... The genome of anabaena consists of a single chromosome and six plasmid. The chromosomal genes, location 1506484-1506880, coding ... Citation :- FUNCTIONAL ASSIGNMENT TO asl1274 UNKNOWN PROTEIN SEQUENCE IN ANABAENA sp.PCC7120.Indian Journal of Agricultural ...
... from Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Plus protein sequence and external database links. ... Domain assignment for gi,75908459,ref,YP_322755.1, from Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Domain architecture ... histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase [Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413]. Sequence. ...
Anabaena variabilis 1 * Anaplasma marginale 1 * Anoxybacillus flavithermus 1 * Archaeoglobus fulgidus 1 ...
Crystal Structure of the Two-Domain Cyclophilina From Anabaena Sp. ... The structure of Crystal Structure of the Two-Domain Cyclophilina From Anabaena Sp., PDB code: 7a73 was solved by S.Yadav, E. ... Calcium binding site 1 out of 1 in the Crystal Structure of the Two-Domain Cyclophilina From Anabaena Sp.. Mono view Stereo ... S.Yadav, E.Schleiff, O.Yildiz. The Two-Domain Cyclophilin Family Protein ANACYP40 of Anabaena Sp. Regulates Photosystem ...
Comparative adaptations of Aphanizomenon and Anabaena for nitrogen fixation under weak irradiance Journal Article *Overview ...
Anabaena Is the Subject Area "Anabaena" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
Physiological responses of Anabaena variabilis (cyanophyceae) to instantaneous exposure to various combinations of light ... Physiological responses of Anabaena variabilis (cyanophyceae) to instantaneous exposure to various combinations of light ...
36] for Anabaena circinalis. The surface concentration of the CIcyano estimated from satellite during calm conditions therefore ... filament aggregation and flotation of Anabaena circinalis. J. Plankton Res. 1999, 21, 327-341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] ...
... 的技術解出藍綠藻 Anabaena sp. AGE (bAGE)的3-D立體結構。其次,利用定點突變暨酵素動力學分析闡明 bAGE 活性中心內參與催化的關鍵性殘基。由解析度為 2.0 Å 的晶體結構發現 bAGE 為一雙元體構造 (dimer),每一單元 ... Anabaena sp. CH1 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase之生化及結構分析俾應用於酵素法生產N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid. ... 大葉大學 - Production of N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid by recombinant
Naselli Flores, L 2008, Effects of ultraviolet radiation on productivity and nitrogen fixation in the Cyanobacterium, Anabaena ... Effects of ultraviolet radiation on productivity and nitrogen fixation in the Cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. (Newtons strain). ... Effects of ultraviolet radiation on productivity and nitrogen fixation in the Cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. (Newtons strain). ... Effects of ultraviolet radiation on productivity and nitrogen fixation in the Cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. (Newtons strain). ...
... reductase and ferredoxin from the cyanobacterium Anabaena: looking for the elusive ferredoxin molecule. ...
Entre as cianobactérias formadoras de florações destacam-se os gêneros: Aphanizomenon sp., Oscillatoria sp., Anabaena sp., ... Among the cyanobacteria producing toxins it must be emphasized the following species: Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcysits ... Entre as cianobactérias produtoras de toxinas destacam-se as espécies: Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcysits aeruginosa, ... Anabaena sp., Microcystis sp., Gloeotrichia sp., Cylindrospermospsis sp. and Nodularia sp. ...
... genus Anabaena). This type of algae can pose a health risk to pets and humans. These lakes are closed to public travel. No ...
921 South 8th Avenue , Pocatello, Idaho, 83209. ...
Crystal structure of an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from Anabaena sp. at 1.70 A resolution reveals a noncovalently ...
RM2C1N8J1-Anabaena licheniformis Anabaena licheniformis.. RM2C1NFNE-Cordia wallichii G Don Cordia wallichii G Don. ...
Anabaena sp. [TaxId:1167] [74666] (1 PDB entry). *Domains for 1gv3: *. Domain d1gv3a1: 1gv3 A:25-126 [70585]. Other proteins in ...
Anabaena]],br> [[Aquifex]],br> [[Arthrobacter]],br> [[Azoarcus]],br> [[Azotobacter]],br> [[Bacillus]],br ...
Anabaena Preferred Term Term UI T050844. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1992). ... Anabaena Preferred Concept UI. M0025877. Registry Number. txid1163. Scope Note. A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of ... Anabaena. Tree Number(s). B03.280.100. B03.440.475.100.100. B03.585.051. Unique ID. D017033. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id. ...
  • Is cyanophycin involved in the integration of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica and Gleothece grown on light/dark cycles? (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. (askiitians.com)
  • They can also occur through toxins produced by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), eg, Anabaena , Microcystis or Oscillatoria . (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • These genera form a complex now termed the Anabaena, Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon (ADA) clade and produce a greater array of toxins than any other cyanobacteria group. (helsinki.fi)
  • Género de CYANOBACTERIA que consta de tricomas no cónicos con constricciones visibles en las paredes transversales. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biochemical characterization of a membrane-bound manganese- containing superoxide dismutase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. (mpg.de)
  • The effects of anatoxin-a(s) [antx-a(s)] from the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17 on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, and phrenic nerve activity were evaluated in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. (elsevier.com)
  • The species ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals. (jefferson.edu)
  • Entre as cianobactérias produtoras de toxinas destacam-se as espécies: Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcysits aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Oscillatoria agardhii, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Nodularia spumigena. (usp.br)
  • 1991. Dose-response relationship of Anabaena flos- aquae and Selenastrum capricornutum to atrazine and hexazinone using chlorophyll (a) content and 14C uptake. (cdc.gov)
  • La especie DOLICHOSPERMUM FLOS-AQUAE es responsable de intoxicaciones agudas en diversos animales. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blue-green algae are a group of algae including Nodularia spumigena , Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena circinalis . (wa.gov.au)
  • The closely related diazotrophic genera, Anabaena, Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon, frequently form poisonous blooms in lakes and brackish waters around the world. (helsinki.fi)
  • This underscores the importance of taxonomic revision of Anabaena, Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon genera to reflect current phylogenomic understanding. (helsinki.fi)
  • Recent samples have identified this bloom as a type of blue-green algae (genus Anabaena ). (algonquinpark.on.ca)
  • Effects of ultraviolet radiation on productivity and nitrogen fixation in the Cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. (unipa.it)
  • Here, we show that cyclophilin anaCyp40 from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. (jascoinc.com)
  • By using the TSS information, this study aimed to take advantage of the relatively simple transcriptional organization in bacteria and determine potential transcription factor binding sites for the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. (hawaii.edu)
  • This project made use of the transcriptional map of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. (hawaii.edu)
  • I. Growth and nitrogen fixation by Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The effect of nickel on hydrogen metabolism and nitrogen fixation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Azolla required all the essential elements that are required by other plant plus molybdenum can essential constituents of nitrogen use and cobalt which are required for Anabaena nitrogen fixation from the soil. (vigyanashram.blog)
  • Pinnata are higher nitrate level of 5 mm than nitrogen-free medium Azolla does not require nitrogen in its growing medium the level o nitrogen fixation rate because nitrogen assimilated by both Anabaena and Azolla from atmosphere and water. (vigyanashram.blog)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Biodiversity of Anabaena azollae isolates from different Azolla cultures. (who.int)
  • Subhashini R, Kumar K, Kannaiyan S. Biodiversity of Anabaena azollae isolates from different Azolla cultures. (who.int)
  • Together with their evolutional symbiont, the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, Azolla biomass has a unique chemical composition accumulating in each leaf including three major types of bioenergy molecules: cellulose/hemicellulose, starch and lipids, resembling combinations of terrestrial bioenergy crops and microalgae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crystal structure of an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from Anabaena sp. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Two-Domain Cyclophilin Family Protein ANACYP40 of Anabaena Sp. (atomistry.com)
  • Anabaena" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • In Anabaena cylindrica , protein synthesis continued during dark periods at 80 % of the rate observed in the light. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Anabaena sp.PCC 120 SVMProt MODWEB Transmembrane VADAR Ammonium transporter protein. (arccjournals.com)
  • The newly sequenced members of the ADA clade show that phylogenetic separation of planktonic Dolichospermum and benthic Anabaena is not complete. (helsinki.fi)
  • Species Detail - Anabaena aequalis - Species information displayed is based on all datasets. (biodiversityireland.ie)
  • It was found out that Microcystis aeruginosa followed by Anabaena were the most abundant species in both raw water and in the distribution system. (iwaponline.com)
  • The species of Nostoc, Anabaena and Euglena have been reported from the paddy fields, where they also fix the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil to enrich the fertility of the fields. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • A species of ANABAENA that can form SPORES called akinetes. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study three Anabaena species were isolated from crust samples and its antibacterial activities were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli. (bvsalud.org)
  • AN - not for activation of enzymes, receptors, cells, etc. by amino acids: index ENZYME ACTIVATION or specific term with /metab HN - 2005 MH - Anabaena cylindrica UI - D046868 MN - B3.280.100.150 MN - B3.440.475.100.100.150 MS - A species in the genus ANABAENA whose trichomes are composed of cylindrical cells. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2005 MH - Anabaena variabilis UI - D046870 MN - B3.280.100.900 MN - B3.440.475.100.100.900 MS - A species of ANABAENA that can form SPORES called akinetes. (nih.gov)
  • Rice plants are also helped by the leaves of Azolla species being inhabited by the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae , which provides the ferns with nitrogen captured from the atmosphere. (rosincerate.com)
  • The cyanobacterium Dolichospermum circinale (formerly Anabaena circinalis ) is responsible for neurotoxic saxitoxin-producing blooms in Australia. (edu.au)
  • Pennyroyal its scientific name, mentha pulegium a microcystis and anabaena spp myristica fragrans ilex paraguayensis carduus marianus, silybum marinaum tabebuia spp hedeoma pulegioides a hedera helix b hedysarium alpinum meadow saffron licorice cotton, cottonseed oil pennyroyalmon ivy wild potato heliotropium spp positae/asteraceae)a sida carpinifolia sida cordifolia a solanum americanum a solanum dulcamara a,b solanum nigrum a solarium tuberosum a spathiphyllum spp b spinacia oleracea strychnos nux-vomica, s. (childbirthsolutions.com)
  • 15. A hydrogen bond network in the active site of Anabaena ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase modulates its catalytic efficiency. (nih.gov)
  • d1gv3a1 a.2.11.1 (A:25-126) Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) {Anabaena sp. (berkeley.edu)
  • To assess the characteristics that may be responsible for this variance, a morphological, molecular and chemical survey of 28 Anabaena isolates was conducted. (edu.au)
  • These dietary supplements can become contaminated with microcystin-LR, a potent hepatotoxin and suspected liver carcinogen, and Anabaena , which contains possible neurotoxins. (nih.gov)
  • DL-7-Azatryptophan inhibits photosynthetic carbon assimilation, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and nitrogen metabolism in Anabaena sp. (discofinechem.com)
  • We also found that filtering rates for Daphniapulex in laboratory experiments were lower when Anabaena was present in experimental beakers than when Chlorella was present. (greatlakeswetlands.ca)
  • Explanations: Azotobacter, anabaena, nostoc and calothrix are free living nitrogen fixing bacteria. (testpreppractice.net)
  • On the other hand, the large Anabaena/Nostoc gene block does not seem to have arisen by LGT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular homeostasis of Anabaena sp. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • En esas condiciones, una ruta molecular en la que intervienen AMPK y PFKFB3 induce la glucólisis y las células paradas en mitosis muestran unos requerimientos aumentados a la glucosa, una adición que puede tener implicaciones en terapia del cáncer. (sebbm.es)
  • The anabaena is unusual in that it can adjust its depth in a lake to a level that is ideal for its growth, he said, and using the Medora SolarBee mixers defeats that ability. (reporterherald.com)
  • Growth of Anabaena under nitrogen-fixing conditions reduced extracellular schizokinen concentrations 3-4 fold, in late growth phase, compared to cells grown on nitrate. (pdx.edu)
  • When Anabaena was removed from Three Mile Lake water, filtering rates compared closely with predicted rates based on nannoplankton concentration and carapace length alone. (greatlakeswetlands.ca)
  • We tested tomato seed treatment with water extracts from Anabaena minutissima, Ecklonia maxima, and Jania adhaerens for their biocontrol activity against the fungal plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. (ulpgc.es)
  • Anabaena, nostoc and calothrixlives in water as well as on moist rocks. (testpreppractice.net)
  • Hot weather at the end of the summer helps the anabaena microorganism grow profusely, he said, and Loveland Water and Power wasn't able to use the copper sulfate algaecide it formerly used because of new water-quality standards from the state health department. (reporterherald.com)
  • Crystal structure of NblA from Anabaena sp. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Here we presented the 1.8-A crystal structure of NblA from Anabaena sp. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Crystal structure of an alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase from Anabaena sp. (ox.ac.uk)