AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Amyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloidAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorPeptide FragmentsPeptidesAmyloid Precursor Protein SecretasesPlaque, AmyloidInsulysinAspartic Acid EndopeptidasesSerum Amyloid A ProteinPresenilin-1BrainApolipoprotein E3NeuronsNeurofibrillary TanglesMice, TransgenicPresenilin-2EndopeptidasesAmino Acid SequenceApolipoprotein E4NeprilysinCerebral Amyloid AngiopathySynaptophysinMolecular Sequence Datatau ProteinsCells, CulturedThiazolesAmyloidosisMicrogliaIslet Amyloid PolypeptideCell LineDisease Models, AnimalProtein Structure, SecondaryApolipoproteins EProtein BindingAstrocytesProtein ConformationRecombinant ProteinsCircular DichroismEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHippocampusNeuroprotective AgentsAmyloid NeuropathiesCerebral CortexKineticsHydrolysisSolubilityProtein Structure, TertiaryTransfectionSerum Amyloid P-ComponentMutationMice, Inbred C57BLCongo RedPeptide LibraryDose-Response Relationship, DrugMicroscopy, ElectronCopperImmunohistochemistryProtein IsoformsCell DeathInterleukin-1betabeta 2-MicroglobulinMembrane ProteinsTime FactorsAntimicrobial Cationic PeptidesReactive Oxygen SpeciesModels, MolecularOligopeptidesPeptides, CyclicChromatography, High Pressure LiquidMass SpectrometryModels, BiologicalBase SequencePrealbuminProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalPeptide MappingStructure-Activity RelationshipPC12 CellsAlzheimer VaccinesCricetinaeCHO CellsAmyloid Neuropathies, FamilialBinding SitesProtein MultimerizationAgingReceptors, Formyl PeptideIntegrin beta3Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationReceptors, Adrenergic, betaProtease NexinsBlotting, WesternRNA, MessengerNatriuretic Peptide, BrainBacteriocinsCell Line, TumorMicroscopy, Atomic ForceProtein PrecursorsSignal TransductionMicroscopy, Electron, Transmission
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.
Amyloid
A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
A single-pass type I membrane protein. It is cleaved by AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN SECRETASES to produce peptides of varying amino acid lengths. A 39-42 amino acid peptide, AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES is a principal component of the extracellular amyloid in SENILE PLAQUES.
Peptide Fragments
Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases
Endopeptidases that are specific for AMYLOID PROTEIN PRECURSOR. Three secretase subtypes referred to as alpha, beta, and gamma have been identified based upon the region of amyloid protein precursor they cleave.
Plaque, Amyloid
Accumulations of extracellularly deposited AMYLOID FIBRILS within tissues.
Insulysin
An enzyme the catalyzes the degradation of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides. It is inhibited by bacitracin, chelating agents EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, and by thiol-blocking reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide, but not phosphoramidon. (Eur J Biochem 1994;223:1-5) EC 3.4.24.56.
Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.
Serum Amyloid A Protein
An ACUTE PHASE REACTION protein present in low concentrations in normal sera, but found at higher concentrations in sera of older persons and in patients with AMYLOIDOSIS. It is the circulating precusor of amyloid A protein, which is found deposited in AA type AMYLOID FIBRILS.
Presenilin-1
Integral membrane protein of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Its homodimer is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES precursors. PSEN1 mutations cause early-onset ALZHEIMER DISEASE type 3 that may occur as early as 30 years of age in humans.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Apolipoprotein E3
A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is also known as apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In human, Apo E3 is a 299-amino acid protein with a cysteine at the 112 and an arginine at the 158 position. It is involved with the transport of TRIGLYCERIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and CHOLESTERYL ESTERS in and out of the cells.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Abnormal structures located in various parts of the brain and composed of dense arrays of paired helical filaments (neurofilaments and microtubules). These double helical stacks of transverse subunits are twisted into left-handed ribbon-like filaments that likely incorporate the following proteins: (1) the intermediate filaments: medium- and high-molecular-weight neurofilaments; (2) the microtubule-associated proteins map-2 and tau; (3) actin; and (4) UBIQUITINS. As one of the hallmarks of ALZHEIMER DISEASE, the neurofibrillary tangles eventually occupy the whole of the cytoplasm in certain classes of cell in the neocortex, hippocampus, brain stem, and diencephalon. The number of these tangles, as seen in post mortem histology, correlates with the degree of dementia during life. Some studies suggest that tangle antigens leak into the systemic circulation both in the course of normal aging and in cases of Alzheimer disease.
Mice, Transgenic
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Presenilin-2
Integral membrane protein of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Its homodimer is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES precursors. PSEN2 mutations cause ALZHEIMER DISEASE type 4.
Endopeptidases
A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Apolipoprotein E4
A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at only one residue 112 (cysteine is replaced by arginine), and exhibits a lower resistance to denaturation and greater propensity to form folded intermediates. Apo E4 is a risk factor for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.
Neprilysin
Enzyme that is a major constituent of kidney brush-border membranes and is also present to a lesser degree in the brain and other tissues. It preferentially catalyzes cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues of the B-chain of insulin as well as opioid peptides and other biologically active peptides. The enzyme is inhibited primarily by EDTA, phosphoramidon, and thiorphan and is reactivated by zinc. Neprilysin is identical to common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA Antigen), an important marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is no relationship with CALLA PLANT.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)
Synaptophysin
A MARVEL domain-containing protein found in the presynaptic vesicles of NEURONS and NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS. It is commonly used as an immunocytochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
tau Proteins
Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Thiazoles
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.
Microglia
The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
A pancreatic beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with INSULIN. It displays an anorectic effect on nutrient metabolism by inhibiting gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying and postprandial GLUCAGON secretion. Islet amyloid polypeptide can fold into AMYLOID FIBRILS that have been found as a major constituent of pancreatic AMYLOID DEPOSITS.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Protein Structure, Secondary
The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.
Apolipoproteins E
A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Astrocytes
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Circular Dichroism
A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Amyloid Neuropathies
Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)
Cerebral Cortex
The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Hydrolysis
The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.
Solubility
The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Serum Amyloid P-Component
Amyloid P component is a small, non-fibrillar glycoprotein found in normal serum and in all amyloid deposits. It has a pentagonal (pentaxin) structure. It is an acute phase protein, modulates immunologic responses, inhibits ELASTASE, and has been suggested as an indicator of LIVER DISEASE.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Congo Red
An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.
Peptide Library
A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Copper
A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Protein Isoforms
Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
Cell Death
The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.
Interleukin-1beta
An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.
beta 2-Microglobulin
An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Oligopeptides
Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.
Peptides, Cyclic
Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Mass Spectrometry
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Prealbumin
A tetrameric protein, molecular weight between 50,000 and 70,000, consisting of 4 equal chains, and migrating on electrophoresis in 3 fractions more mobile than serum albumin. Its concentration ranges from 7 to 33 per cent in the serum, but levels decrease in liver disease.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Peptide Mapping
Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
PC12 Cells
A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.
Alzheimer Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
Cricetinae
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
CHO Cells
CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial
Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Protein Multimerization
The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.
Receptors, Formyl Peptide
A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.
Integrin beta3
An integrin beta subunit of approximately 85-kDa in size which has been found in INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB-containing and INTEGRIN ALPHAV-containing heterodimers. Integrin beta3 occurs as three alternatively spliced isoforms, designated beta3A-C.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.
Protease Nexins
Extracellular protease inhibitors that are secreted from FIBROBLASTS. They form a covalent complex with SERINE PROTEASES and can mediate their cellular internalization and degradation.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.
Bacteriocins
Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. They are protein or lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes used in taxonomy studies of bacteria.
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Microscopy, Atomic Force
A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.
Protein Precursors
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.
Protein Folding
Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator.
Transforming Growth Factor beta
A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Prions
Small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by procedures that modify NUCLEIC ACIDS and contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein which is a major and necessary component. The abnormal (scrapie) isoform is PrPSc (PRPSC PROTEINS) and the cellular isoform PrPC (PRPC PROTEINS). The primary amino acid sequence of the two isoforms is identical. Human diseases caused by prions include CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME; GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER SYNDROME; and INSOMNIA, FATAL FAMILIAL.
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Protein Structure, Quaternary
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway.
Peptide Biosynthesis
The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Molecular Weight
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Epitopes
Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
Peptide YY
A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Peptide Nucleic Acids
DNA analogs containing neutral amide backbone linkages composed of aminoethyl glycine units instead of the usual phosphodiester linkage of deoxyribose groups. Peptide nucleic acids have high biological stability and higher affinity for complementary DNA or RNA sequences than analogous DNA oligomers.
Cricetulus
A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.
Brain Chemistry
Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.
Peptide Hydrolases
Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type
A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Presenilins
Integral membrane proteins and essential components of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES precursors. Mutations of presenilins lead to presenile ALZHEIMER DISEASE with onset before age 65 years.
Dimerization
The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.
Maze Learning
Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)
Natriuretic Peptides
Peptides that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body, also known as natriuretic peptide hormones. Several have been sequenced (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE).
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.
Immunoblotting
Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Receptors, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
G-protein coupled receptors that are formed through the dimerization of the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR with a RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN. Their affinity for ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE is dependent upon which of several receptor activity-modifying protein subtypes they are bound to.
Receptors, Peptide
Cell surface receptors that bind peptide messengers with high affinity and regulate intracellular signals which influence the behavior of cells.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Familial
A familial disorder marked by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES.
Amino Acids
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.
Integrin alpha5beta1
An integrin found in FIBROBLASTS; PLATELETS; MONOCYTES, and LYMPHOCYTES. Integrin alpha5beta1 is the classical receptor for FIBRONECTIN, but it also functions as a receptor for LAMININ and several other EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.
Protein Transport
The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.
Integrin beta4
Also known as CD104 antigen, this protein is distinguished from other beta integrins by its relatively long cytoplasmic domain (approximately 1000 amino acids vs. approximately 50). Five alternatively spliced isoforms have been described.
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide
Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.
Neurofibrils
The delicate interlacing threads, formed by aggregations of neurofilaments and neurotubules, coursing through the CYTOPLASM of the body of a NEURON and extending from one DENDRITE into another or into the AXON.
Trypsin
A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.
Smilacaceae
A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledon).
Peptide PHI
A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.
Up-Regulation
A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Amino Acid Motifs
Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.
Peptide Synthases
Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.
Kaempferols
A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor
A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.
Integrin beta Chains
Integrin beta chains combine with integrin alpha chains to form heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Integrins have traditionally been classified into functional groups based on the identity of one of three beta chains present in the heterodimer. The beta chain is necessary and sufficient for integrin-dependent signaling. Its short cytoplasmic tail contains sequences critical for inside-out signaling.
beta 2-Glycoprotein I
A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR; membrane phospholipids, and other anionic phospholipid-containing moieties. It plays a role in coagulation and apoptotic processes. Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES.
Integrin alpha6beta4
This intrgrin is a key component of HEMIDESMOSOMES and is required for their formation and maintenance in epithelial cells. Integrin alpha6beta4 is also found on thymocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells, where it functions as a laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) and is involved in wound healing, cell migration, and tumor invasiveness.
Antibodies
Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).
Proteolysis
Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.
Neurotoxins
Toxic substances from microorganisms, plants or animals that interfere with the functions of the nervous system. Most venoms contain neurotoxic substances. Myotoxins are included in this concept.
Moraceae
The mulberry plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have milky latex and small, petalless male or female flowers.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Integrin alpha4beta1
Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.
Integrins
A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Microscopy, Confocal
A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.
Integrin alpha2beta1
An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.
Binding, Competitive
The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)
Immunoprecipitation
The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.
Models, Chemical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
HEK293 Cells
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-2 receptors are more sensitive to EPINEPHRINE than to NOREPINEPHRINE and have a high affinity for the agonist TERBUTALINE. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in SKELETAL MUSCLE; LIVER; and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary SMOOTH MUSCLE.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Protease Inhibitors
Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Amyloidosis, Familial
Diseases in which there is a familial pattern of AMYLOIDOSIS.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.
Gliosis
The production of a dense fibrous network of neuroglia; includes astrocytosis, which is a proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a degenerative lesion.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
Cell Adhesion
Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Cryo-electron microscopy structure of an SH3 amyloid fibril and model of the molecular packing. (1/5562)

Amyloid fibrils are assemblies of misfolded proteins and are associated with pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and the spongiform encephalopathies. In the amyloid diseases, a diverse group of normally soluble proteins self-assemble to form insoluble fibrils. X-ray fibre diffraction studies have shown that the protofilament cores of fibrils formed from the various proteins all contain a cross-beta-scaffold, with beta-strands perpendicular and beta-sheets parallel to the fibre axis. We have determined the threedimensional structure of an amyloid fibril, formed by the SH3 domain of phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase, using cryo-electron microscopy and image processing at 25 A resolution. The structure is a double helix of two protofilament pairs wound around a hollow core, with a helical crossover repeat of approximately 600 A and an axial subunit repeat of approximately 27 A. The native SH3 domain is too compact to fit into the fibril density, and must unfold to adopt a longer, thinner shape in the amyloid form. The 20x40-A protofilaments can only accommodate one pair of flat beta-sheets stacked against each other, with very little inter-strand twist. We propose a model for the polypeptide packing as a basis for understanding the structure of amyloid fibrils in general.  (+info)

Dynamics of plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease. (2/5562)

Plaques that form in the brains of Alzheimer patients are made of deposits of the amyloid-beta peptide. We analyze the time evolution of amyloid-beta deposition in immunostained brain slices from transgenic mice. We find that amyloid-beta deposits appear in clusters whose characteristic size increases from 14 microm in 8-month-old mice to 22 microm in 12-month-old mice. We show that the clustering has implications for the biological growth of amyloid-beta by presenting a growth model that accounts for the experimentally observed structure of individual deposits and predicts the formation of clusters of deposits and their time evolution.  (+info)

Improvement by nefiracetam of beta-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. (3/5562)

1. We have previously demonstrated that continuous i.c.v. infusion of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), the major constituent of senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, results in learning and memory deficits in rats. 2. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nefiracetam [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) acetamide, DM-9384] on A beta-(1-42)-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. 3. In the A beta-(1-42)-infused rats, spontaneous alternation behaviour in a Y-maze task, spatial reference and working memory in a water maze task, and retention of passive avoidance learning were significantly impaired as compared with A beta-(40-1)-infused control rats. 4. Nefiracetam, at a dose range of 1-10 mg kg(-1), improved learning and memory deficits in the A beta-(1-42)-infused rats when it was administered p.o. 1 h before the behavioural tests. 5. Nefiracetam at a dose of 3 mg kg(-1) p.o. increased the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus of A beta-(1-42)-infused rats. 6. Nefiracetam increased dopamine turnover in the cerebral cortex and striatum of A beta-(1-42)-infused rats, but failed to affect the noradrenaline, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content. 7. These results suggest that nefiracetam may be useful for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease.  (+info)

Competition of Abeta amyloid peptide and apolipoprotein E for receptor-mediated endocytosis. (4/5562)

The genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with the age of onset and relative risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast to apoE3, the wild type allele, apoE4 confers an increased risk of late-onset AD. We demonstrate that the beta-amyloid peptide isoforms Abeta (1-28), Abeta (1-40), and Abeta (1-43) compete for the cellular metabolism of apoE3 and apoE4 containing beta-very low density lipoproteins. An antibody raised against Abeta (1-28) cross-reacted with recombinant apoE. Epitope mapping revealed positive amino acid clusters as common epitopes of Abeta (13 through 17; HHQKL) and apoE (residues 144 through 148; LRKRL), both regions known to be heparin binding domains. Abeta in which amino acids 13 through 17 (HHQKL) were replaced by glycine (GGQGL) failed to compete with the cellular uptake of apoE enriched betaVLDL. These observations indicate that Abeta and apoE are taken up into cells by a common pathway involving heparan sulfate proteoglycans.  (+info)

beta-amyloid load is not influenced by the severity of cardiovascular disease in aged and demented patients. (5/5562)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the association between reported risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, and cardiovascular disease and neuropathological changes essential for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Our data are based on clinical and postmortem evaluations of a cohort of nondemented (n=118) and demented (n=107) individuals. A cardiovascular index was calculated at autopsy to estimate the extent of cardiovascular disease. Neuropathological lesions such as senile/neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, beta-amyloid load, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and the load of paired helical filaments were determined. RESULTS: The aforementioned neuropathological lesions did not show any positive significant correlation with cardiovascular index. In contrast, the extent of Alzheimer's lesions was significantly higher in those nondemented and demented patients carrying the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele than in those without this allele. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, but not cardiovascular disease, indeed influences the extent of Alzheimer's lesions seen in the brain tissue of demented patients as well as asymptomatic controls.  (+info)

Increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins in Alzheimer's disease. (6/5562)

Experimental studies indicate that overactivation of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in response to oxidative damage to DNA can cause cell death due to depletion of NAD+. Oxidative damage to DNA and other macromolecules has been reported to be increased in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we sought evidence of PARP activation in Alzheimer's disease by immunostaining sections of frontal and temporal lobe from autopsy material of 20 patients and 10 controls, both for PARP itself and for its end-product, poly(ADP-ribose). All of the brains had previously been subjected to detailed neuropathological examination to confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or, in the controls, to exclude Alzheimer's disease-type pathology. Double immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), glial fibrillary-acidic protein (GFAP), CD68, A beta-protein or tau was used to assess the identity of the cells with poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation and their relationship to plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Both PARP- and poly(ADP-ribose)-immunolabelled cells were detected in a much higher proportion of Alzheimer's disease (20 out of 20) brains than of control brains (5 out of 10) (P = 0.0018). Double-immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and markers of neuronal, astrocytic and microglial differentiation (MAP2, GFAP and CD68, respectively) showed many of the cells containing poly(ADP-ribose) to be neurons. Most of these were small pyramidal neurons in cortical laminae 3 and 5. A few of the cells containing poly(ADP-ribose) were astrocytes. No poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation was detected in microglia. Double-immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and tau or A beta-protein indicated that the cells with accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) did not contain tangles and relatively few occurred within plaques. Our findings indicate that there is enhanced PARP activity in Alzheimer's disease and suggest that pharmacological interventions aimed at inhibiting PARP may have a role in slowing the progression of the disease.  (+info)

Regulation of beta-amyloid secretion by FE65, an amyloid protein precursor-binding protein. (7/5562)

The principal component of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques, Abeta, derives from proteolytic processing of the Alzheimer's amyloid protein precursor (APP). FE65 is a brain-enriched protein that binds to APP. Although several laboratories have characterized the APP-FE65 interaction in vitro, the possible relevance of this interaction to Alzheimer's disease has remained unclear. We demonstrate here that APP and FE65 co-localize in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi and possibly in endosomes. Moreover, FE65 increases translocation of APP to the cell surface, as well as both alphaAPPs and Abeta secretion. The dramatic (4-fold) FE65-dependent increase in Abeta secretion suggests that agents which inhibit the interaction of FE65 with APP might reduce Abeta secretion in the brain and therefore be useful for preventing or slowing amyloid plaque formation.  (+info)

The cell death-promoting gene DP5, which interacts with the BCL2 family, is induced during neuronal apoptosis following exposure to amyloid beta protein. (8/5562)

DP5, which contains a BH3 domain, was cloned as a neuronal apoptosis-inducing gene. To confirm that DP5 interacts with members of the Bcl-2 family, 293T cells were transiently co-transfected with DP5 and Bcl-xl cDNA constructs, and immunoprecipitation was carried out. The 30-kDa Bcl-xl was co-immunoprecipitated with Myc-tagged DP5, suggesting that DP5 physically interacts with Bcl-xl in mammalian cells. Previously, we reported that DP5 is induced during neuronal apoptosis in cultured sympathetic neurons. Here, we analyzed DP5 gene expression and the specific interaction of DP5 with Bcl-xl during neuronal death induced by amyloid-beta protein (A beta). DP5 mRNA was induced 6 h after treatment with A beta in cultured rat cortical neurons. The protein encoded by DP5 mRNA showed a specific interaction with Bcl-xl. Induction of DP5 gene expression was blocked by nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, and dantrolene, an inhibitor of calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggested that the induction of DP5 mRNA occurs downstream of the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration caused by A beta. Moreover, DP5 specifically interacts with Bcl-xl during neuronal apoptosis following exposure to A beta, and its binding could impair the survival-promoting activities of Bcl-xl. Thus, the induction of DP5 mRNA and the interaction of DP5 and Bcl-xl could play significant roles in neuronal degeneration following exposure to A beta.  (+info)

Control of Alzheimers amyloid beta toxicity by the high molecular weight immunophilin FKBP52 and copper homeostasis in...Control of Alzheimers amyloid beta toxicity by the high molecular weight immunophilin FKBP52 and copper homeostasis in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Control of Alzheimers amyloid beta toxicity by the high molecular weight immunophilin FKBP52 and copper homeostasis in Drosophila. AU - Sanokawa-Akakura, Reiko. AU - Cao, Weihuan. AU - Allan, Kirsten. AU - Patel, Khyati. AU - Ganesh, Anupama. AU - Heiman, Gary. AU - Burke, Richard. AU - Kemp, Francis W.. AU - Bogden, John D.. AU - Camakaris, James. AU - Birge, Raymond B.. AU - Konsolaki, Mary. PY - 2010/1/13. Y1 - 2010/1/13. N2 - FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs), also called immunophilins, are prolyl-isomerases (PPIases) that participate in a wide variety of cellular functions including hormone signaling and protein folding. Recent studies indicate that proteins that contain PPIase activity can also alter the processing of Alzheimers Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Originally identified in hematopoietic cells, FKBP52 is much more abundantly expressed in neurons, including the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and basal ganglia. Given the fact that the high molecular weight ...
https://researchwith.njit.edu/en/publications/control-of-alzheimers-amyloid-beta-toxicity-by-the-high-molecular
High-resolution NMR studies of the zinc-binding site of the Alzheimers amyloid beta-peptide | IRIS Università degli Studi di...High-resolution NMR studies of the zinc-binding site of the Alzheimers amyloid beta-peptide | IRIS Università degli Studi di...
Metal binding to the amyloid beta-peptide is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease. We used high-resolution NMR to study zinc binding to amyloid beta-peptide 1-40 at physiologic pH. Metal binding induces a structural change in the peptide, which is in chemical exchange on an intermediate rate, between the apo-form and the holo-form, with respect to the NMR timescale. This causes loss of NMR signals in the resonances affected by the binding. Heteronuclear correlation experiments, N-15-relaxation and amide proton exchange experiments on amyloid beta-peptide 1-40 revealed that zinc binding involves the three histidines (residues 6, 13 and 14) and the N-terminus, similar to a previously proposed copper-binding site [Syme CD, Nadal RC, Rigby SE, Viles JH (2004) J Biol Chem279, 18169-18177]. Fluorescence experiments show that zinc shares a common binding site with copper and that the metals have similar affinities for amyloid beta-peptide. The dissociation constant K-d of ...
https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/319487
Alzheimers Abeta vaccination of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveAlzheimers Abeta vaccination of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
Recent preliminary data suggest that vaccination with Alzheimers Abeta might reduce senile plaque load and stabilize cognitive decline in human Alzheimers disease. To examine the mechanisms and consequences of anti-Abeta-antibody formation in a species more closely related to humans, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were vaccinated with aggregated Abeta(1-42). Immunized monkeys developed anti-Abeta titers exceeding 1:1000, and their plasma Abeta levels were 5-10-fold higher than the plasma Abeta levels observed in monkeys vaccinated with aggregated amylin. These data support the use of non-human primates to model certain phenomena associated with vaccination of humans with aggregated Alzheimers Abeta. ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/1941/
Stabilization of neurotoxic Alzheimer amyloid-beta oligomers by protein engineeringStabilization of neurotoxic Alzheimer amyloid-beta oligomers by protein engineering
Soluble oligomeric aggregates of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). Although the conformation adopted by Abeta within these aggregates is not known, a beta-hairpin conformation is known to be accessible to monomeric Abeta. Here we show that this beta-hairpin is a building block of toxic Abeta oligomers by engineering a double-cysteine mutant (called Abetacc) in which the beta-hairpin is stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. Abeta(40)cc and Abeta(42)cc both spontaneously form stable oligomeric species with distinct molecular weights and secondary-structure content, but both are unable to convert into amyloid fibrils. Biochemical and biophysical experiments and assays with conformation-specific antibodies used to detect Abeta aggregates in vivo indicate that the wild-type oligomer structure is preserved and stabilized in Abetacc oligomers. Stable oligomers are expected to become highly toxic and, accordingly, we find ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:394477
ABAD Enhances Abeta-induced Cell Stress via Mitochondrial Dysfunction - PubMedABAD Enhances Abeta-induced Cell Stress via Mitochondrial Dysfunction - PubMed
Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), an enzyme present in neuronal mitochondria, is a cofactor facilitating Abeta-induced cell stress. We hypothesized that ABAD provides a direct link between Abeta and cytotoxicity via mitochondrial oxidant stress. Neurons cultured from …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665036/
Stratech Scientifics Blog: Product Focus: Oligomeric Amyloid beta (oAβ) ELISA from BiosensisStratech Scientifics Blog: Product Focus: Oligomeric Amyloid beta (oAβ) ELISA from Biosensis
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for 50%-75% of all cases. It has been identified as a protein misfolding disease caused by plaque accumulation of abnormally folded beta amyloid and tau amyloid proteins in the brain.[2] Plaques are made up of small peptides, 39-43 amino acids in length, called beta-amyloid (Aβ) which is a fragment from a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is critical to neuron growth, survival and post-injury repair.[3][4] In AD, a proteolysis process causes APP to be divided into smaller fragments [5] which gives rise to fibrils of beta-amyloid that deposit outside neurons in dense formations known as senile plaques.[1][6]. Exactly how disturbances of production and aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide gives rise to the pathology of AD is not known.[7][8 ...
http://stratechuk.blogspot.com/2014/02/product-focus-oligomeric-amyloid-beta.html
Amyloid Cascade HypothesisAmyloid Cascade Hypothesis
The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that the initial event which triggers neuronal degradation in Alzheimers disease is enhanced amyloid-β generation and aggregation.
https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Amyloid-Cascade-Hypothesis.aspx
Protective Effects of Walnut Extract Against Amyloid Beta Peptide-Induced Cell Death and Oxidative Stress in PC12 Cells |...Protective Effects of Walnut Extract Against Amyloid Beta Peptide-Induced Cell Death and Oxidative Stress in PC12 Cells |...
Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is the major component of senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits in individuals with Alzheimers disease. Aβ is known to increase free radical production in neur
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11064-011-0533-z
Within-patient correspondence of amyloid-β and intrinsic network connectivity in Alzheimers disease. - Wellcome Centre for...Within-patient correspondence of amyloid-β and intrinsic network connectivity in Alzheimers disease. - Wellcome Centre for...
There is striking overlap between the spatial distribution of amyloid-β pathology in patients with Alzheimers disease and the spatial distribution of high intrinsic functional connectivity in healthy persons. This overlap suggests a mechanistic link between amyloid-β and intrinsic connectivity, and indeed there is evidence in patients for the detrimental effects of amyloid-β plaque accumulation on intrinsic connectivity in areas of high connectivity in heteromodal hubs, and particularly in the default mode network. However, the observed spatial extent of amyloid-β exceeds these tightly circumscribed areas, suggesting that previous studies may have underestimated the negative impact of amyloid-β on intrinsic connectivity. We hypothesized that the known positive baseline correlation between patterns of amyloid-β and intrinsic connectivity may mask the larger extent of the negative effects of amyloid-β on connectivity. Crucially, a test of this hypothesis requires the within-patient comparison of
https://www.win.ox.ac.uk/publications/471114
なおに語らいの押し入れなおに語らいの押し入れ
Cows wring protein allergy is a woman of the most common food allergies in the first year of existencePlatelet microparticles as carriers of soluble Alzheimers amyloid beta (sAbeta), Ann N Y Acad Sci VolRoflumilast in moderate-to-severe long-lasting obstructive pulmonary infirmity treated with desire acting bronchodilators: two randomised clinical trialsHay fever (allergic rhinitis) can agent sneezing, congestion, and itchy abrade, eyes and nose, as stream as a cough ,a href=https://clubusa.net/collect/buy-cialis-extra-dosage/,purchase cialis extra dosage 100mg amex,/a,. This is solicitous with the need felt at near the being to handle a substance because it makes him or her feel propitious in some personality or helps him or her to handleTo whatever manner, the inordinate liability liabilities of copiously may call dehydration and this may be life-threatening in the precise boyish and older people, whose water control systems may be embryonic or weak spotIn the ?ve cases where both tunnels ...
http://h3x.xsrv.jp/naoni/bbs/board.cgi?page=660
Effects of monoclonal anti-abeta antibodies on the amyloid beta peptide fibrillogenesis and their involvement in the clearance...Effects of monoclonal anti-abeta antibodies on the amyloid beta peptide fibrillogenesis and their involvement in the clearance...
ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia worldwide. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of memory and language skill, collapse of the cognitive function, and distortion of social behavior. As of today, the onset mechanisms of AD and cure are unknown; however, three hallmarks are commonly encountered: extra and intracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide plaques, formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and inevitable neuronal death. Hypothetically, a possible scenario provoking or involved in the onset of AD is a cascade effect that starts with an imbalance in the production and clearance of Abeta peptide that consequently leads to its accumulation, formation of tau protein tangles and neuronal death. This work studied and characterized the mechanisms governing Abeta peptide aggregation and the effects of using anti-Abeta monoclonal antibodies to modify this process. These mechanisms play an important ...
http://digital.lib.usf.edu/SFS0027801/00001
AdAlta collaborates with Crossbeta to find i-body for Alzheimers disease - AdAlta - Developing i-body drugs to treat fibrotic...AdAlta collaborates with Crossbeta to find i-body for Alzheimers disease - AdAlta - Developing i-body drugs to treat fibrotic...
Today, Crossbeta Biosciences and AdAlta announced that they have established a collaborative relationship in which AdAlta will deploy its i-body technology to develop oligomer-specific i-bodies for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in Alzheimers disease using Crossbetas stabilized beta-amyloid oligomers.. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia, primarily affecting people above the age of 60. Over 26 million people are suffering from Alzheimers disease today, a number that is projected to triple over the coming 40 years. Alzheimers disease remains to be an area of great unmet need with huge and growing social and economic impact. Beta-amyloid oligomers are implicated in Alzheimers disease pathology and there is no effective treatment yet.. AdAltas innovative i-body technology represents the next generation of biological therapeutics merging the highly selective specificity of antibodies with the advantages of drug-like molecules, such as small size and extreme ...
http://adalta.com.au/adalta-collaborates-with-crossbeta-to-find-i-body-for-alzheimers-disease/
Degradation of fibrillar forms of Alzheimers amyloid β-peptide by macrophages<...Degradation of fibrillar forms of Alzheimers amyloid β-peptide by macrophages<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Degradation of fibrillar forms of Alzheimers amyloid β-peptide by macrophages. AU - Majumdar, Amitabha. AU - Chung, Haeyong. AU - Dolios, Georgia. AU - Wang, Rong. AU - Asamoah, Nikiya. AU - Lobel, Peter. AU - Maxfield, Frederick R.. PY - 2008/5. Y1 - 2008/5. N2 - Cultured microglia internalize fibrillar amyloid Aβ (fAβ) and deliver it to lysosomes. Degradation of fAβ by microglia is incomplete, but macrophages degrade fAβ efficiently. When mannose-6 phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes were added to the culture medium of microglia, degradation of fAβ was increased, and the increased degradation was inhibited by excess mannose-6-phosphate, which competes for binding and endocytic uptake. This suggests that low activity of one or more lysosomal enzymes in the microglia was responsible for the poor degradation of fAβ. To further characterize the degradation of fAβ in late endosomes and lysosomes, we analyzed fAβ-derived intracellular degradation products in macrophages and ...
https://www.researchwithrutgers.com/en/publications/degradation-of-fibrillar-forms-of-alzheimers-amyloid-%CE%B2-peptide-by
Amyloid pathology is associated with progressive monoaminergic neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimers...Amyloid pathology is associated with progressive monoaminergic neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimers...
beta-Amyloid (Abeta) pathology is an essential pathogenic component in Alzheimers disease (AD). However, the significance of Abeta pathology, including Abeta deposits/oligomers and glial reactions, to neurodegeneration is unclear. In particular, despite the Abeta neurotoxicity indicated by in vitro studies, mouse models with significant Abeta deposition lack robust and progressive loss of forebrain neurons. Such results have fueled the view that Abeta pathology is insufficient for neurodegeneration in vivo. In this study, because monoaminergic (MAergic) neurons show degenerative changes at early stages of AD, we examined whether the APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mouse model recapitulates progressive MAergic neurodegeneration occurring in AD cases. We show that the progression forebrain Abeta deposition in the APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 model is associated with progressive losses of the forebrain MAergic afferents. Significantly, axonal degeneration is associated with significant atrophy of cell bodies and ...
https://www.kennedykrieger.org/node/88456
Analysis of Neurotoxic Beta Amyloid Peptides in Alzheimers DiseaseAnalysis of Neurotoxic Beta Amyloid Peptides in Alzheimers Disease
Alzheimers disease is characterized by the presence of neurotoxic beta amyloid (Aß) deposits in the brain. This article briefly explains the production of Aß from amyloid precursor protein (APP).
https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20171215/Analysis-of-Neurotoxic-Beta-Amyloid-Peptides-in-Alzheimers-Disease.aspx
beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity | Journal...beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity | Journal...
In Alzheimers disease (AD), abnormal accumulations of beta-amyloid are present in the brain and degenerating neurons exhibit cytoskeletal aberrations (neurofibrillary tangles). Roles for beta-amyloid in the neuronal degeneration of AD have been suggested based on recent data obtained in rodent studies demonstrating neurotoxic actions of beta- amyloid. However, the cellular mechanism of action of beta-amyloid is unknown, and there is no direct information concerning the biological activity of beta-amyloid in human neurons. We now report on experiments in human cerebral cortical cell cultures that tested the hypothesis that beta-amyloid can destabilize neuronal calcium regulation and render neurons more vulnerable to environmental stimuli that elevate intracellular calcium levels. Synthetic beta-amyloid peptides (beta APs) corresponding to amino acids 1-38 or 25-35 of the beta-amyloid protein enhanced glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cultures, while a peptide with a scrambled sequence was ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/12/2/376.long
Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide 25-35 : electrostatic interactions with phospholipid membranes - edocAlzheimer beta-amyloid peptide 25-35 : electrostatic interactions with phospholipid membranes - edoc
The role of lipids in the aggregation of three Alzheimer model peptides was investigated with circular dichroism spectroscopy and high-sensitivity titration calorimetry under conditions of low ionic strength. In solution, the peptides beta AP(25-35)OH and beta AP(25-35Nle)NH2 exhibit a reversible random-coilbeta-sheet (or beta-structured aggregate) transition. Addition of lipid vesicles containing negatively charged lipids shifts the random-coilbeta-sheet equilibrium almost completely toward beta-sheet structure, which can be explained by the specific conditions created at the membrane surface: the cationic peptides are attracted to the negatively charged membrane, and the increase in peptide concentration together with the partial alignment of the peptide molecules then facilitates beta-sheet formation. The third peptide, beta AP-(25-35)NH2, also binds to the lipid membrane but was found to adopt an essentially random-coil structure, both with and without lipids. A quantitative characterization ...
https://edoc.unibas.ch/2117/
The Connection Between Amyloid, Tau and FYNThe Connection Between Amyloid, Tau and FYN
Readers,. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the two classic hallmarks of Alzheimers disease (AD), but the connection between their two respective proteins-beta-amyloid and tau-has remained mysterious. Now, a paper published on July 21 in the prestigious journal Cell details a molecular mechanism that links tau to beta-amyloid toxicity at the synapse. The groundbreaking new study was led by Professor Jürgen Götz and Dr Lars Ittner, based at the University of Sydney.. Back in 2004, scientists from the University of California at Irvine injected anti-beta-amyloid antibodies in the brains of transgenic mice that develop both beta-amyloid deposits and NFTs. This treatment led to a rapid reduction of beta-amyloid deposits and reversed the accumulation of abnormal tau (Oddo et al., 2004). When the anti-beta-amyloid antibodies were removed, the beta-amyloid pathology re-emerged. This was followed by the reappearance of tau pathology. These findings from animal models provided ...
http://blog.alz.org/the-connection-between-amyloid-tau-and-fyn-2/
Cu2+ effects on beta‐amyloid oligomerisation monitored by fluorescence of intrinsic tyrosine - StrathprintsCu2+ effects on beta‐amyloid oligomerisation monitored by fluorescence of intrinsic tyrosine - Strathprints
A non‐invasive intrinsic fluorescence sensing of the early stages of Alzheimers beta amyloid peptide aggregation in the presence of copper ions is reported. By using time‐resolved fluorescence techniques the formation of beta amyloid‐copper complexes and the accelerated peptide aggregation are demonstrated. The shifts in the emission spectral peaks indicate that the peptides exhibit different aggregation pathways than in the absence of copper.. ...
https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/70133/
Beta Amyloid [1-40] Peptide | AbbiotecBeta Amyloid [1-40] Peptide | Abbiotec
Beta-amyloid production results from cleavage in the extracellular domain of APP by the beta-secretase (BACE1) , which results in the production of the APP C-terminal fragment C99. This fragment is further cleaved by the gamma-secretase at residues 40-42 to produce beta-amyloid 40 and 42 peptides. Beta-amyloid aggregation and neuritic plaque formation are pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. This peptide corresponds to the human beta-amyloid 1-40 peptide ...
http://abbiotec.com/peptides/beta-amyloid-1-40-peptide
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimers Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics | ScienceThe Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimers Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics | Science
Although the amyloid hypothesis offers a broad framework to explain AD pathogenesis, it is currently lacking in detail, and certain observations do not fit easily with the simplest version of the hypothesis. The most frequently voiced objection is that the number of amyloid deposits in the brain does not correlate well with the degree of cognitive impairment that the patient experienced in life. Indeed, some humans without symptoms of AD have many cortical Aβ deposits. However, the latter are almost exclusively diffuse forms of amyloid plaques that are not associated with surrounding neuritic and glial pathology. Such diffuse Aβ deposits may be analogous to early fatty streaks of cholesterol that are the harbingers of mature, symptom-producing atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, the degree of dementia in AD correlates much better with Aβ assayed biochemically than with histologically determined plaque counts, and the concentration of soluble Aβ species (which are invisible to ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/297/5580/353?ijkey=441c876b3db059959f34ea7948dc773f5e9e41a8&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimers Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics | ScienceThe Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimers Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics | Science
Although the amyloid hypothesis offers a broad framework to explain AD pathogenesis, it is currently lacking in detail, and certain observations do not fit easily with the simplest version of the hypothesis. The most frequently voiced objection is that the number of amyloid deposits in the brain does not correlate well with the degree of cognitive impairment that the patient experienced in life. Indeed, some humans without symptoms of AD have many cortical Aβ deposits. However, the latter are almost exclusively diffuse forms of amyloid plaques that are not associated with surrounding neuritic and glial pathology. Such diffuse Aβ deposits may be analogous to early fatty streaks of cholesterol that are the harbingers of mature, symptom-producing atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, the degree of dementia in AD correlates much better with Aβ assayed biochemically than with histologically determined plaque counts, and the concentration of soluble Aβ species (which are invisible to ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/297/5580/353?ijkey=cf45421b7d1a697219fd7fc916712ed3fe48cfe9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
RS-0406 arrests amyloid-b oligomer-induced behavioural deterioration in vivo<...RS-0406 arrests amyloid-b oligomer-induced behavioural deterioration in vivo<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - RS-0406 arrests amyloid-b oligomer-induced behavioural deterioration in vivo. AU - OHare, Eugene. AU - Scopes, David I C. AU - Treherne, Mark J. AU - Norwood, Kelly. AU - Spanswick, David. AU - Kim, Eun-Mee. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. U2 - 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.01.044. DO - 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.01.044. M3 - Article. VL - 210. SP - 32. EP - 37. JO - Behavioural Brain Research. JF - Behavioural Brain Research. SN - 0166-4328. ER - ...
https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/rs-0406-arrests-amyloid-b-oligomer-induced-behavioural-deteriorat-3
amyloid Intro The dementia of Alzheimers disease AD) correlates with the deposition in mind of amyloid1 | Emerging...amyloid Intro The dementia of Alzheimers disease AD) correlates with the deposition in mind of amyloid1 | Emerging...
The purpose of this work is the reduction in the Abeta amyloid peptide burden in brain of Alzheimers disease (AD) transgenic mice without the concomitant elevation in plasma Abeta amyloid peptide. APPswe,PSEN1dE9 mice were studied at 12 months of age. The mice were shown to have considerable Abeta amyloid plaques in cerebral cortex based on immunocytochemistry. The mice were treated every 3C4 days by intravenous injections of either saline or the cTfRMAb-ScFv fusion protein at an injection dose of 1 1 mg/kg for 12 consecutive weeks. The brain A1C42 concentration was reduced 40% in the fusion protein treated mice, without any elevation in plasma A1C42 concentration. No cerebral micro-hemorrhage was observed in the treated mice. These results display that brain-penetrating antibody pharmaceutics can be developed for mind disorders such as AD TAE684 following a re-engineering of the antibody like a fusion protein that is transferred across the BBB via receptor-mediated transport. Keywords: ...
http://bcl-2-protein.com/tag/amyloid-intro-the-dementia-of-alzheimers-disease-ad-correlates-with-the-deposition-in-mind-of-amyloid1/
Non-Fc-Mediated Mechanisms Are Involved in Clearance of Amyloid-β In Vivo by Immunotherapy | Journal of NeuroscienceNon-Fc-Mediated Mechanisms Are Involved in Clearance of Amyloid-β In Vivo by Immunotherapy | Journal of Neuroscience
Transgenic mouse models that overexpress APP develop senile plaques over time that resemble those found in human Alzheimers disease. These animals are a valuable tool toward understanding the physiology and pathology of senile plaques in living tissue and are ideal for evaluating therapeutics aimed at clearance of amyloid-β deposits in the brain. With the recent success using immunotherapy for prevention of amyloid-β deposits in these animals (Schenk et al., 1999; Bard et al., 2000), as well as clearance of existing plaques (Bacskai et al., 2001), this treatment seems very promising. Recent reports have also indicated that immunotherapy may have positive effects on behavioral deficits exhibited in transgenic mouse models (Janus et al., 2000; Morgan et al., 2000). These findings are important for predicting whether anti-amyloid therapies will prove beneficial not just in arresting deposition of amyloid-β but also in prevention of the associated dementia. Microglial cells were implicated in ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/18/7873?ijkey=23a242f00d306d6a75521f8977136c37e5b3f3b5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
OptimAbᵀᴹ Beta-Amyloid 17-24 , Monoclonal Antibody, purifiedOptimAbᵀᴹ Beta-Amyloid 17-24 , Monoclonal Antibody, purified
Antibodies , OptimAb Antibodies , OptimAbᵀᴹ Beta-Amyloid 17-24 , Monoclonal Antibody, purified; Beta-Amyloid forms are deposited in the CNS of patients with Alzheimer s disease and Down s syndrome. Biochemical analysis of the amyloid peptides isolated from Alzheimer s disease brain indicates that Beta-Amyloid (1-42) is the principal species associated with senile plaque amyloids, while Beta-Amyloid (1-40) is more abundant in cerebrovascular amyloid deposits. Both result from the cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by secretases. The mAb 4G8 reacts to the abnormally processed isoforms, as well as precursor forms.; Host:MouseClone: 4G8Isotype: IgG2bReactivity: Human, MouseImmunogen: This antibody is reactive to residues 17-24 of Beta-Amyloid. The epitope lies within amino acids 18-22 of Beta-Amyloid (VFFAE)Concentration:1 mg/mLFormulation:PBS (no preservatives); The Ab was purified on Protein GApplications:The Ab is effective in immunoblotting (WB),
https://anaspec.com/products/product.asp?id=58695
PET and CSF amyloid-β status are differently predicted by patient features: information from discordant cases | Alzheimers...PET and CSF amyloid-β status are differently predicted by patient features: information from discordant cases | Alzheimers...
Amyloid-β PET and CSF Aβ42 yield discordant results in 10-20% of memory clinic patients, possibly providing unique information. Although the predictive power of demographic, clinical, genetic, and imaging features for amyloid positivity has previously been investigated, it is unknown whether these features differentially predict amyloid-β status based on PET or CSF or whether this differs by disease stage. We included 768 patients (subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 194), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 127), dementia (AD and non-AD, n = 447) with amyloid-β PET and CSF Aβ42 measurement within 1 year. Ninety-seven (13%) patients had discordant PET/CSF amyloid-β status. We performed parallel random forest models predicting separately PET and CSF status using 17 patient features (demographics, APOE4 positivity, CSF (p)tau, cognitive performance, and MRI visual ratings) in the total patient group and stratified by syndrome diagnosis. Thereafter, we selected features with the highest variable
https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-019-0561-5/figures/3
Nanoparticles for therapy and diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease (NAD) | JPNDNanoparticles for therapy and diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease (NAD) | JPND
The search for effective therapies and early detection strategies for Alzheimers Disease (AD), the major cause of dementia in Europe, is imperative. It is known that beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide plays a central role in neurodegeneration. In AD brain, Abeta is released in a soluble form that progressively becomes insoluble forming aggregates; extracellular plaques mainly composed of Abeta are a hallmark of post-mortem brains. These premises strongly suggest brain Abeta as a possible target for therapy and diagnosis of AD. In addition, it is known that brain and blood Abeta pools are in equilibrium via the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Accordingly, it has been reported that removal of blood Abeta may withdraw the excess of brain Abeta by a sink effect. Thus, blood Abeta is another potential target. The aim of this project is to utilize nanoparticles (NPs) specifically engineered for targeting brain Abeta, for the combined diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of AD. NPs (liposomes, solid lipid NPs, ...
https://www.neurodegenerationresearch.eu/survey/nanoparticles-for-therapy-and-diagnosis-of-alzheimers-disease-nad/
Pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 increases Alzheimers disease-associated amyloid-β production in human neuron-like cells |...Pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 increases Alzheimers disease-associated amyloid-β production in human neuron-like cells |...
Alzheimers disease (AD) involves increased accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as well as neuronal loss in various regions of the neocortex. Neuroinflammation is also present, but its role in AD is not fully understood. We previously showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in different regions of AD brains, where it co-localized with Aβ-plaques, as well as the ability of IL-18 to increase expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cyclin dependent kinase 5, involved in hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Elevated IL-18 has been detected in several risk conditions for AD, including obesity, type-II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as well as in stress. We differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as neuron-like and exposed them to IL-18 for various times. We examined the protein levels of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and its processing products, its cleaving enzymes, involved in amyloidogenic processing of
https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-2094-9-199/figures/1
Browsing ORBiluBrowsing ORBilu
in Journal of Neurochemistry (2010), 114(2), 576-586. Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular deposits referred to beta-amyloid (Abeta) complexes or senile plaques. Abeta peptide is firstly produced as monomers, readily ... [more ▼]. Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular deposits referred to beta-amyloid (Abeta) complexes or senile plaques. Abeta peptide is firstly produced as monomers, readily aggregating to form multimeric complexes, of which the smallest aggregates are known to be the most neurotoxic. In AD patients, abundant reactive microglia migrate to and surround the Abeta plaques. Though it is well known that microglia are activated by Abeta, little is known about the peptide conformation and the signaling cascades responsible for this activation. In this study, we have stimulated murine microglia with different Abeta(1-42) forms, inducing an inflammatory state, which was peptide conformation-dependent. The ...
https://orbilu.uni.lu/browse?type=author&value=Losciuto,%20Sophie%2040020692
Alzheimers disease amyloid-beta links lens and brain pathology in Down syndrome. | Sigma-AldrichAlzheimers disease amyloid-beta links lens and brain pathology in Down syndrome. | Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Juliet A Moncaster, Roberto Pineda, Robert D Moir, Suqian Lu, Mark A Burton, Joy G Ghosh, Maria Ericsson, Stephanie J Soscia, Anca Mocofanescu, Rebecca D Folkerth, Richard M Robb, Jer R Kuszak, John I Clark, Rudolph E Tanzi, David G Hunter, Lee E Goldstein].
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/20502642
I2D - Interologous Interaction DatabaseI2D - Interologous Interaction Database
P05067: Amyloid beta A4 protein; ABPP; APPI; APP; Alzheimer disease amyloid protein; Cerebral vascular amyloid peptide; CVAP; PreA4; Protease nexin-II; PN-II; N-APP; Soluble APP-alpha; S-APP-alpha; Soluble APP-beta; S-APP-beta; C99; Beta-amyloid protein 42; Beta-APP42; Beta-amyloid protein 40; Beta-APP40; C83; P3(42); P3(40); C80; Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 59; Amyloid intracellular domain 59; AICD-59; AID(59); Gamma-CTF(59); Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 57; Amyloid intracellular domain 57; AICD-57; AID(57); Gamma-CTF(57); Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Amyloid intracellular domain 50; AICD-50; AID(50); Gamma-CTF(50); C31; ...
http://128.100.137.135/ophidv2.204/ForwardingServlet?inputFormat=ENTREZGENE&outputFormat=htmlOutput&ophidOrganism=HUMAN&proteins=4811
Gonadal Hormone Withdrawal, Apoptosis, and Generation of Beta Amyloid Peptide: A Vicious Cycle of Amyloidogenesis and...Gonadal Hormone Withdrawal, Apoptosis, and Generation of Beta Amyloid Peptide: A Vicious Cycle of Amyloidogenesis and...
Live discussion held 5 December 2001, noon-1 p.m. (EST).. Participants: Dick Lloyd, Sam Gandy, June Kinoshita, Richard Bowen, Nico Stanculescu, Seth Shaw, Mark Smith, Steve Fiander, Gunnar Gouras, Larry Tusick, Alan Lerner, Alexei R. Koudinov, Mike Shelanski, Rena Li, Gabrielle Strobel, Craig Atwood, and the mysterious Guest 2.. Note: The transcript has been edited for clarity and accuracy.. June: First, let me welcome you all to todays live discussion.. Sam Gandy: Thanks for organizing it, June.. June: I know that Richard Bowen has been eager to discuss some of the points in your discussion. Richard, would you like to ask the first question?. Richard L. Bowen: Yes, June: I wanted to know if Sam has looked at the ovariectomized mice and beta amyloid study, and have you had a chance to look at gonadotrophin levels?. Sam Gandy: We havent studied gonadotrophin levels under any circumstances. A paper on ovariectomy effects on Ab load in transgenic mice is in press at J. Neurochem. Co-authors are ...
http://www.alzforum.org/webinars/gonadal-hormone-withdrawal-apoptosis-and-generation-beta-amyloid-peptide-vicious-cycle
Voluntary running does not reduce neuroinflammation or improve non-cognitive behavior in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimers...Voluntary running does not reduce neuroinflammation or improve non-cognitive behavior in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimers...
Physical exercise has been suggested to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimers disease (AD) as well as ameliorate the progression of the disease. However, we recently published results from two large epidemiological studies showing no such beneficial effects on the development of AD. In addition, long-term, voluntary running in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD did not affect levels of soluble amyloid beta (Aβ), synaptic proteins or cognitive function. In this follow-up study, we investigate whether running could impact other pathological aspects of the disease, such as insoluble Aβ levels, the neuroinflammatory response and non-cognitive behavioral impairments. We investigated the effects of 24 weeks of voluntary wheel running in female 5xFAD mice (n = 30) starting at 2-3 months of age, before substantial extracellular plaque formation. Running mice developed hindlimb clasping earlier (p = 0.009) compared to sedentary controls. Further, running exacerbated the exploratory behavior in Elevated plus maze
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58309-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e73a05a0-d16e-4766-90f2-a0f370303619
POSITION REQUESTPOSITION REQUEST
Dear Amyloid/Ageing subscribers: I began to study Alzheimers amyloid beta (Ab) protein in 1992, at the time when it was becoming clear that this protein exists normally in a soluble form (soluble Ab) and that it is not just a pathological protein. My research activities yielded an on-going project, devoted to understanding in more detail the normal biology of amyloid beta. Understanding the normal biology of Ab would answer the questions of why soluble Ab does not undergo fibrillogenesis in biological fluids but does polymerize into amyloid fibrils in the disease, and what the biological consequences of Ab deposition within the brain tissue are. This, in turn, would be crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of Alzheimers disease and for delineating pathologically grounded new approaches to therapy. My current postdoctoral position at NYU Medical Center just expired. Thus, to continue my research I have to find another position. I would be happy to continue my research as a part of your ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/ageing/1996-June/002372.html
Research Grants - 2016Research Grants - 2016
Beta-amyloid is a protein fragment at the focus of research into the causes of Alzheimers disease. It is normally found in the brain but during the disease process, it forms small clumps known as oligomers, which are thought to be toxic to nerve cells. Eventually, beta-amyloid oligomers combine to form even larger structures known as fibrils, which then form amyloid plaques in the brain, one of the characteristic features of Alzheimers disease. Stephen Meredith, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues have been studying the detailed molecular structure of beta-amyloid fibrils and working to identify what may trigger their development in Alzheimers disease. They have found that fibrils can have different structures from one person to the next, but that the fibrils found in different parts of the brain of a single person are generally the same. The researchers hypothesize that formation of an initial oligomer or fibril in one area of the brain may trigger the accumulation of other oligomers and subsequent ...
https://alz.org/research/alzheimers_grants/for_researchers/overview-2016.asp?grants=2016meredith
Antibodies targeted to the brain with image-guided focused ultrasound reduces amyloid-beta plaque load in the TgCRND8 mouse...Antibodies targeted to the brain with image-guided focused ultrasound reduces amyloid-beta plaque load in the TgCRND8 mouse...
Immunotherapy for Alzheimers disease (AD) relies on antibodies directed against toxic amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), which circulate in the bloodstream and remove Abeta from the brain. In mouse models of AD, the administration of anti-Abeta antibodies directly into the brain, in comparison to the bl …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20485502/?dopt=Abstract
Amyloid beta-Protein (Human, 34-40) Antiserum (50 µL vial)Amyloid beta-Protein (Human, 34-40) Antiserum (50 µL vial)
Product Name: Amyloid beta-Protein (Human, 34-40) Antiserum (50 ul vial) Product Number: NAB-14356-v Synonym(s): Amyloid beta-Protein (1-40) Specific Antiserum (Rabbit) Antiserum Application: Our undiluted antisera are suitable for immuno-histochemical use, for application to radioimmunoassay (RIA), or other non-isotop
https://vivitide.com/products/nab-14356-v
DigitalCommons@IMSA - IMSAloquium Student Investigation Showcase: Identifying Toxic Amyloid-Beta Oligomers Species (AβOs) in...[email protected] - IMSAloquium Student Investigation Showcase: Identifying Toxic Amyloid-Beta Oligomers Species (AβOs) in...
In the field of neurobiology, there is great discussion about which particular species of amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs) contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Previously, our group has found, using molecular weight cutoff filters (MWCO), that AβOs are primarily 100-300 kilodaltons (kDa). The goal of this project is to verify this finding using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). SEC can be used to determine AβO molecular weight according to the amount of time it takes the AβOs to pass through the SEC column. Overall, the project yielded results showing significant portion of AβOs are either |1300 kDa or around 13 kDa. We are currently investigating further reasons why the MWCO and SEC data yield very different results.
https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/sir_presentations/2016/oralsession3/32/
An antibody to the β-secretase cleavage site on amyloid-β-protein precursor inhibits amyloid-β production - IOS PressAn antibody to the β-secretase cleavage site on amyloid-β-protein precursor inhibits amyloid-β production - IOS Press
Proteolytic cleavage of amyloid-β-protein precursor (AβPP) by β- and γ-secretases results in production of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that accumulates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimers disease (AD). We have developed a monoclonal antibody, 2B
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad00637
Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. GTP hydrolysis in protein...Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. GTP hydrolysis in protein...
Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides. GTP hydrolysis in protein synthesis: two for Tu?
http://www.readabstracts.com/Science-and-technology/Neurotrophic-and-neurotoxic-effects-of-amyloid-beta-protein-reversal-by-tachykinin-neuropeptides.html
Patent US5837672 - Methods and compositions for the detection of soluble β-amyloid peptide - Google PatentsPatent US5837672 - Methods and compositions for the detection of soluble β-amyloid peptide - Google Patents
Soluble β-amyloid peptide (βAP) is measured in biological fluids at very low concentrations, typically in the range from 0.1 ng/ml to 10 ng/ml. The measurement of βAP concentrations in animals or conditioned medium from cultured cells can be used for drug screening, where test compounds are administered to the animals or exposed to the cultured cells and the accumulation of βAP in the animal or culture medium observed. It has been found that elevated levels of βAP in body fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid, is associated with the presence of a βAP-related condition in a patient, such as Alzheimers Disease. Methods for diagnosing and monitoring βAP-related conditions comprise measuring the levels of βAP in such body fluids from a patient.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5837672?dq=6519629
ALZFORUM | NETWORKING FOR A CUREALZFORUM | NETWORKING FOR A CURE
My research is focussed on Alzheimers Drug Discovery and compounds that modify amyloid fibril toxicity. I have discovered amyloid peptide interactions with the Kisspeptin, Kissorphin and Neuropeptide-FF peptides, which prevent the toxicity of the amyloid peptides in vitro. I discovered that endocannabinoids are neuroprotective against the Alzheimers Amyloid-beta peptide in vitro. I have characterized interactions between amyloid peptides and the enzymes Catalase and Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase-1.. ...
https://www.alzforum.org/member-directory/nathaniel-milton
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVSPesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
Alzheimers disease researchers have been intrigued by the selective regional vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-ß plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Post-mortem studies indicate that in ageing and Alzheimers disease tau tangles deposit early in the transentorhinal cortex, a region located in the anterior-temporal lobe that is critical for object memory. In contrast, amyloid-ß pathology seems to target a posterior-medial network that subserves spatial memory. In the current study, we tested whether anterior-temporal and posterior-medial brain regions are selectively vulnerable to tau and amyloid-ß deposition in the progression from ageing to Alzheimers disease and whether this is reflected in domain-specific behavioural deficits and neural dysfunction. 11C-PiB PET and 18F-flortaucipir uptake was quantified in a sample of 131 cognitively normal adults (age: 20-93 years; 47 amyloid-ß-positive) and 20 amyloid-ß-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimers disease ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:%22D%C3%BCzel,%20Emrah%22
Always around, never the same: Pathways of amyloid beta induced neurodegeneration throughout the pathogenic cascade of...Always around, never the same: Pathways of amyloid beta induced neurodegeneration throughout the pathogenic cascade of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Always around, never the same. T2 - Pathways of amyloid beta induced neurodegeneration throughout the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimers disease. AU - Hoozemans, Jeroen J M. AU - Chafekar, Sidhartha M.. AU - Baas, Frank. AU - Eikelenboom, Piet. AU - Scheper, Wiep. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - There is an increasing amount of evidence showing the importance of intermediate aggregation species of amyloid β (Aβ) in the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimers disease (AD). Different Aβ assembly forms may mediate diverse toxic effects at different stages of the disease. Mouse models for AD suggest that intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ oligomers might be involved in AD pathogenesis at a very early stage of the disease. The detrimental effect of oligomeric Aβ on synaptic efficacy is suggested to be an early event in the pathogenic cascade. Also early neuronal responses as activation of the unfolded protein response are processes likely to be associated with the increased occurrence ...
https://research.vumc.nl/en/publications/always-around-never-the-same-pathways-of-amyloid-beta-induced-neu-2
Towards physico-chemical understanding of fibril formation of the Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid beta-peptideTowards physico-chemical understanding of fibril formation of the Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid beta-peptide
misc{6494bef1-596c-4a8f-a511-b3b2760e7a57, author = {Linse, Sara and Thulin, Eva and Hellstrand, Erik and Sparr, Emma and Walsh, D.}, issn = {1742-464X}, language = {eng}, note = {Conference Abstract}, pages = {11--11}, publisher = {Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, series = {The FEBS Journal}, title = {Towards physico-chemical understanding of fibril formation of the Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid beta-peptide}, volume = {276}, year = {2009 ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1461639
21st Century Biochemicals - Catalog: Modified Epigenetic Peptides21st Century Biochemicals - Catalog: Modified Epigenetic Peptides
21st Century Biochemicals - Catalog: Beta Amyloid Peptides (also known as: Abeta peptides | Amyloid beta A4 | A beta P | amyloid beta-peptide | aa 1-40/42)
http://www.21stcenturybio.com/catalog/modifiedepigenticpeptides.shtml
Glimepiride protects neurons against amyloid-beta-induced synapse damage - RVC Research OnlineGlimepiride protects neurons against amyloid-beta-induced synapse damage - RVC Research Online
Osborne, C and West, E and Nolan, W and McHale-Owen, H and Williams, A and Bate, C (2016) Glimepiride protects neurons against amyloid-beta-induced synapse damage. NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, 101. pp. 225-236. ...
https://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10013/
Pyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimers disease casesPyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimers disease cases
The presence of Abeta(pE3) (N-terminal truncated Abeta starting with pyroglutamate) in Alzheimers disease (AD) has received considerable attention since the discovery that this peptide represents a dominant fraction of Abeta peptides in senile plaques of AD brains. This was later confirmed by other reports investigating AD and Downs syndrome postmortem brain tissue. Importantly, Abeta(pE3) has a higher aggregation propensity, and stability, and shows an increased toxicity compared to full-length Abeta. We have recently shown that intraneuronal accumulation of Abeta(pE3) peptides induces a severe neuron loss and an associated neurological phenotype in the TBA2 mouse model for AD. Given the increasing interest in Abeta(pE3), we have generated two novel monoclonal antibodies which were characterized as highly specific for Abeta(pE3) peptides and herein used to analyze plaque deposition in APP/PS1KI mice, an AD model with severe neuron loss and learning deficits. This was compared with the plaque ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:311596
Aggregation state and neurotoxic properties of alzheimer beta amyloid peptideAggregation state and neurotoxic properties of alzheimer beta amyloid peptide
Aggregation state and neurotoxic properties of alzheimer beta amyloid peptide, vigilin interacts with signal peptide peptidase inhibitor, naturietic peptide, lipopeptide peptide bond, human c peptide rian, natural ways to treat depression and anxiety, natriuretic peptide receptor inhibitors, minecraft aura glp 2 peptide, peptide tx2 6, how is peptide bond broken through hydrolysis, web expasy org peptide mass ca, nexigen peptide, peptide mass spectra of organic compounds, peptide based face care product, bromoethylamine cysteine peptide, eps 2014 peptide calculator, beta peptide circular dichroism secondary, peptide drug delivery colonic and rectal absorption, tri peptide cell activator reviews
http://buysemax.com/aggregation-state-and-neurotoxic-properties-of-alzheimer-beta-amyloid-peptide.html
Imaging distinct conformational states of amyloid-β fibrils in Alzheimers disease using novel luminescent probesImaging distinct conformational states of amyloid-β fibrils in Alzheimers disease using novel luminescent probes
Using luminescent conjugated polyelectrolyte probes (LCPs), we demonstrate the possibility to distinguish amyloid-β 1-42 peptide (Aβ1-42) fibril conformations, by analyzing in vitro generated amyloid fibrils of Aβ1-42 formed under quiescent and agitated conditions. LCPs were then shown to resolve such conformational heterogeneity of amyloid deposits in vivo. A diversity of amyloid deposits depending upon morphology and anatomic location was illustrated with LCPs in frozen ex vivo brain sections from a transgenic mouse model (tg-APPswe) of Alzheimers disease. Comparative LCP fluorescence showed that compact-core plaques of amyloid β precursor protein transgenic mice were composed of rigid dense amyloid. A more abundant form of amyloid plaque displayed morphology of a compact center with a protruding diffuse exterior. Surprisingly, the compact center of these plaques showed disordered conformations of the fibrils, and the exterior was composed of rigid amyloid protruding from the disordered ...
http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:261471
Epitope and isotype specificities of antibodies to β-amyloid peptide for protection against Alzheimers disease-like...Epitope and isotype specificities of antibodies to β-amyloid peptide for protection against Alzheimers disease-like...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Epitope and isotype specificities of antibodies to β-amyloid peptide for protection against Alzheimers disease-like neuropathology. AU - Bard, Frédérique. AU - Barbour, Robin. AU - Cannon, Catherine. AU - Carretto, Robert. AU - Fox, Michael. AU - Games, Dora. AU - Guido, Teresa. AU - Hoenow, Kathleen. AU - Hu, Kang. AU - Johnson-Wood, Kelly. AU - Khan, Karen. AU - Kholodenko, Dora. AU - Lee, Celeste. AU - Lee, Mike. AU - Motter, Ruth. AU - Nguyen, Minh. AU - Reed, Amanda. AU - Schenk, Dale. AU - Tang, Pearl. AU - Vasquez, Nicki. AU - Seubert, Peter. AU - Yednock, Ted. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2003/2/18. Y1 - 2003/2/18. N2 - Transgenic PDAPP mice, which express a disease-linked isoform of the human amyloid precursor protein, exhibit CNS pathology that is similar to Alzheimers disease. In an age-dependent fashion, the mice develop plaques containing β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and exhibit neuronal dystrophy and synaptic loss. It has ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/epitope-and-isotype-specificities-of-antibodies-to-%CE%B2-amyloid-pept
Beta amyloid peptide (Abeta42) is internalized via the G-protein-coupled receptor FPRL1 and forms fibrillar aggregates in...Beta amyloid peptide (Abeta42) is internalized via the G-protein-coupled receptor FPRL1 and forms fibrillar aggregates in...
Yazawa H., Yu Z.-X., Takeda K., Le Y., Gong W., Ferrans V.J., Oppenheim J.J., Li C.C.H., Wang J.M.. The 42 amino acid form of beta amyloid (Abeta42) plays a pivotal role in neurotoxicity and the activation of mononuclear phagocytes in Alzheimers disease (AD). Our recent study revealed that FPRL1, a G-protein-coupled receptor, mediates the chemotactic and activating effect of Abeta42 on mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and microglia), suggesting that FPRL1 may be involved in the proinflammatory responses in AD. We investigated the role of FPRL1 in cellular uptake and the subsequent fibrillar formation of Abeta42 by using fluorescence confocal microscopy. We found that upon incubation with macrophages or HEK293 cells genetically engineered to express FPRL1, Abeta42 associated with FPRL1 and the Abeta42/FPRL1 complexes were rapidly internalized into the cytoplasmic compartment. The maximal internalization of Abeta42/FPRL1 complexes occurred by 30 min after incubation. Removal of free Abeta42 from ...
http://www.uniprot.org/citations/11689470
Abnormal interaction of oligomeric amyloid-β with phosphorylated tau: Implications to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal damage<...Abnormal interaction of oligomeric amyloid-β with phosphorylated tau: Implications to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal damage<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Abnormal interaction of oligomeric amyloid-β with phosphorylated tau. T2 - Implications to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal damage. AU - Manczak, Maria. AU - Reddy, P (Hemachandra). PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative mental illness characterized by memory loss, multiple cognitive impairments, and changes in personality and behavior. The purpose of our study was to determine the interaction between monomeric and oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau in AD neurons. Using postmortem brains from AD patients at different stages of disease progression and control subjects, and also from AβPP, AβPPxPS1, and 3xTg-AD mice, we studied the physical interaction between Aβ and phosphorylated tau. Using immunohistological and double-immunofluorescence analyses, we also studied the localization of monomeric and oligomeric Aβ with phosphorylated tau. We found monomeric and oligomeric Aβ interacted with phosphorylated tau in ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/abnormal-interaction-of-oligomeric-amyloid-%CE%B2-with-phosphorylated--2
Neuronal overexpression of mutant amyloid precursor protein results in prominent deposition of cerebrovascular amyloid | PNASNeuronal overexpression of mutant amyloid precursor protein results in prominent deposition of cerebrovascular amyloid | PNAS
As has been described in naturally occurring CAA (1, 5), vascular amyloid deposition in APP23 mice is most frequently found in arteries/arterioles and occurs most often in vessels outside the brain parenchyma proper (e.g., pia, fissures). The arterial predilection suggests that an anatomical difference between arteries and veins (e.g., presence of significant amounts of smooth muscle) could contribute to the development of CAA. Indeed, it has been hypothesized that Aβ is deposited by vascular smooth muscle cells and/or perivascular microglia, and APP expression and Aβ production by vascular cells have been well documented (22, 23). These reports and the observation that vessels apart from the neuropil are more often affected strongly implicate local production or circulating Aβ as an important source, although these hypotheses fail to explain the exclusive localization of CAA to cerebral vessels. In the present study, through examination of APP transgenic mice on an App-null background, we ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/96/24/14088?ijkey=ba11ec8947e2071943af1d876e2f0c9387847ffe&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
LBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene polymorphism and risk of sporadic Alzheimers disease | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & PsychiatryLBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene polymorphism and risk of sporadic Alzheimers disease | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) accounts for an estimated 45-60% of the genetic risk for late onset sporadic Alzheimers disease, suggesting that it may be possible to identify other genetic loci that could account for the remaining risk associated with this disease. Recently, a biallelic polymorphism (G/A) in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the transcription factor LBP-1c/CP2/LSF (for brevity, CP2) has been implicated in Alzheimers disease susceptibility, with the 3′-UTR A allele being associated with a reduction in the risk of sporadic Alzheimers disease.1-3 The CP2 gene is a plausible candidate for influencing Alzheimers disease risk: it is located near the LDL receptor related protein gene within the Alzheimers disease linkage region on chromosome 12; it controls the expression of several genes (α2 macroglobulin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β); and it interacts with different proteins (serum amyloid A3, interleukin 1α, tumour necrosis factor α, and Fe65 protein) and ...
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/75/1/166
Platelet dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia mice, two Alzheimers disease mouse models and in human patients with Alzheimers...Platelet dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia mice, two Alzheimers disease mouse models and in human patients with Alzheimers...
PubMedID: 25947203 | Platelet dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia mice, two Alzheimers disease mouse models and in human patients with Alzheimers disease. | Biogerontology | 8/1/2015
https://www.docphin.com/research/article-detail/16910719/PubMedID-25947203/Platelet-dysfunction-in-hypercholesterolemia-mice-two-Alzheimer%27s-disease-mouse-models-and-in-human-patients-with-Alzheimer%27s-disease
Probing Amyloid-β Pathology in transgenic Alzheimers disease (tgArcSwe) mice using MALDI Imaging Mass SpectrometryProbing Amyloid-β Pathology in transgenic Alzheimers disease (tgArcSwe) mice using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry
The pathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimers disease (AD) are still not understood. The disease pathology is characterized by accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides into extracellular plaques, however the factors that promote neurotoxic Aβ aggregation remain elusive. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful technique to comprehensively elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of lipids, peptides and proteins in biological tissues. In the present study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) based imaging was used to study Aβ deposition in transgenic mouse brain tissue and to elucidate the plaque associated chemical microenvironment. The imaging experiments were performed in brain sections of transgenic Alzheimers disease mice carrying the Arctic and Swedish mutation of amyloid-beta precursor protein (tgArcSwe). Multivariate image analysis was used to interrogate the IMS data for identifying pathologically relevant, anatomical
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/235423
KEGG PATHWAY: Alzheimers diseaseKEGG PATHWAY: Alzheimers disease
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. The extracellular Abeta oligomers may activate caspases through activation of cell surface death receptors. Alternatively, intracellular Abeta may contribute to pathology by facilitating tau hyper-phosphorylation, disrupting mitochondria function, and triggering calcium dysfunction. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. ...
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?ko05010+C00533
Human Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) ELISA Kit - emlinhibitor-emlinhibitor.comHuman Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) ELISA Kit - emlinhibitor-emlinhibitor.com
Synonyms: Amyloid Beta A4 Protein, APPI, ABPP, Alzheimer Disease Amyloid Protein, Beta-amyloid Precursor Protein, Cerebral Vascular Amyloid Peptide, CVAP, PreA4, Protease Nexin-II, PN-II ...
https://www.emlinhibitor.com/2017/06/29/Human-Amyloid-Precursor-Protein-APP-ELISA-Kit/
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Journal of Biological Chemistry (1996), 271(46), 28757-65. A series of natural peptides and mutants, derived from the Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide, was synthesized, and the potential of these peptides to induce fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles was ... [more ▼]. A series of natural peptides and mutants, derived from the Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide, was synthesized, and the potential of these peptides to induce fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles was investigated. These peptide domains were identified by computer modeling and correspond to respectively the C-terminal (e.g. residues 29-40 and 29-42) and a central domain (13-28) of the beta-amyloid peptide. The C-terminal peptides are predicted to insert in an oblique way into a lipid membrane through their N-terminal end, while the mutants are either parallel or perpendicular to the lipid bilayer. Peptide-induced vesicle fusion was demonstrated by several techniques, including lipid-mixing and core-mixing assays using pyrene-labeled ...
http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/browse?type=journal&sort_by=1&order=DESC&rpp=20&etal=3&value=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&offset=140
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Journal of Biological Chemistry (1996), 271(46), 28757-65. A series of natural peptides and mutants, derived from the Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide, was synthesized, and the potential of these peptides to induce fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles was ... [more ▼]. A series of natural peptides and mutants, derived from the Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide, was synthesized, and the potential of these peptides to induce fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles was investigated. These peptide domains were identified by computer modeling and correspond to respectively the C-terminal (e.g. residues 29-40 and 29-42) and a central domain (13-28) of the beta-amyloid peptide. The C-terminal peptides are predicted to insert in an oblique way into a lipid membrane through their N-terminal end, while the mutants are either parallel or perpendicular to the lipid bilayer. Peptide-induced vesicle fusion was demonstrated by several techniques, including lipid-mixing and core-mixing assays using pyrene-labeled ...
https://orbi.uliege.be/browse?type=author&value=Pillot%2C+T
Release of β-amyloid from high-density platelets: Implications for Alzheimers disease pathology<...Release of β-amyloid from high-density platelets: Implications for Alzheimers disease pathology<...
TY - GEN. T1 - Release of β-amyloid from high-density platelets. T2 - Implications for Alzheimers disease pathology. AU - Casoli, Tiziana. AU - Di Stefano, Giuseppina. AU - Giorgetti, Belinda. AU - Grossi, Yessica. AU - Balietti, Marta. AU - Fattoretti, Patrizia. AU - Bertoni-Freddari, Carlo. PY - 2007/1. Y1 - 2007/1. N2 - The main component of Alzheimers disease (AD) senile plaques in the brain is amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a proteolytic fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Platelets contain both APP and Aβ and much evidence suggests that these cells may represent a useful tool to study bothamyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic pathways of APP processing. It has been demonstrated that platelets activated by physiological agonists, such as thrombin and collagen, specifically secrete Aβ ending at residue 40. To verify whether APP β-processing could be observed also in an in vitro system of highly concentrated platelets, we measured the Aβ released in the incubation media of 5 ± ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/release-of-%CE%B2-amyloid-from-high-density-platelets-implications-for
Amyloid accumulation in the brain of Alzheimers patients results from altered - Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship...Amyloid accumulation in the brain of Alzheimers patients results from altered - Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship...
Amyloid accumulation in the brain of Alzheimers patients results from altered processing of the 39- to 43-amino acid amyloid protein (A). [1], [2]. The excessive accumulation of A peptides in AD may be due to enhanced endoproteolytic cleavage of membrane bound amyloid precursor protein (APP), over-expression of APP and/or decreased clearance of A from the central nervous system (CNS) [3]C[5]. Postmortem analyses of AD subjects reveal that amyloid plaques in the brain suffuse vascular cells in addition to the parenchymal. The ramifications of this vascular infiltration for AD has been less well analyzed than the parenchymal A, but has generated 61939-05-7 manufacture considerable interest with studies that -amyloid fibrils accumulate in small blood vessels, capillary vessels and arterioles of Rabbit Polyclonal to PRKY the human brain [6]C[8]. Cerebrovascular amyloid toxicity generally manifests itself in the break of the blood-brain-barrier and improved irritation in the cerebrovasculature [9], ...
http://www.conferencedequebec.org/2018/01/08/amyloid-accumulation-in-the-brain-of-alzheimers-patients-results-from-altered/
Increased Alzheimer Beta-Amyloid Peptides in Lenses in Animals on a High Cholesterol Diet | IOVS | ARVO JournalsIncreased Alzheimer Beta-Amyloid Peptides in Lenses in Animals on a High Cholesterol Diet | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Purpose: : Our lab has been investigating the striking degree of shared cell biology, developmental mechanisms, and gene expression in lens and brain, to understand shared mechanisms of age-related degenerative disease fundamental to both tissues. Work from this, and now from other, laboratories highlight a fundamental role for Alzheimer proteins in lens age-related disease. Moreover, this fundamental link can be exploited for diagnosis of the onset and severity of AD in brain. Considerable evidence in AD research demonstrates that system-wide factors in the body, and most strikingly high cholesterol in the diet together with copper bioavailabilty, have a key role in determining onset and severity of AD brain pathology in humans and in animal models. Further these factors are also critical determinants of cataract formation in the lens. Here we examined the role of Alzheimer proteins in animals on high cholesterol diet with 0.12 ppm Cu in water (10-fold under EPA standards for humans). Methods: ...
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2392379
DZNE-Forschungsgruppe Translationale Hirnforschung - Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung - LMU MünchenDZNE-Forschungsgruppe Translationale Hirnforschung - Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung - LMU München
Brendel M., Kleinberger G., Probst F., Jaworska A., Overhoff F., Blume T., Albert NL., Carlsen J., Lindner S.; Gildehaus FJ., Ozmen L., Suárez-Calvet M., Bartenstein P., Baumann K., Ewers M., Herms J., Haass C., Rominger A. (2017) Increase of TREM2 during Aging of an Alzheimers Disease Mouse Model Is Paralleled by Microglial Activation and Amyloidosis. Front Aging Neurosci. 9:8. Rammes G., Mattusch C.; Wulff M., Seeser F., Kreuzer M., Zhu K., Deussing JM., Herms J., Parsons, CG. (2017) Involvement of GluN2B subunit containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in mediating the acute and chronic synaptotoxic effects of oligomeric amyloid-beta (Aβ) in murine models of Alzheimers disease (AD). Neuropharmacology. [Epub ahead of print]. Blazquez-Llorca L., Valero-Freitag S., Rodrigues EF., Merchán-Pérez Á., Rodríguez JR., Dorostkar MM., DeFelipe J., Herms J. (2017) High plasticity of axonal pathology in Alzheimers disease mouse models. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 5(1):14. Zhu K. Xiang X., ...
http://www.neuropathologie.med.uni-muenchen.de/forschungsgruppen/herms/index.html
The β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) may be the major constituent from the - Evolution of NADPH Oxidase InhibitorsThe β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) may be the major constituent from the - Evolution of NADPH Oxidase Inhibitors
The β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) may be the major constituent from the amyloid core of senile plaques within the mind of patients with Alzheimers disease (AD). resulted in a drastic reduced amount of Aβ42 and Aβ40 secretion. β-Cleavage of mutant APP HOE 32021 had not been inhibited and reduced amount of Aβ secretion resulted from inhibition of γ-cleavage. It had been anticipated that reduced γ-cleavage of mutant APP would derive from inhibition of its dimerization. Amazingly mutations from the GxxxG theme actually improved dimerization from the APP C-terminal fragments perhaps with a different TM α-helical user interface. Increased dimerization from the TM APP C-terminal area did not have an effect on AICD creation. These results obviously demonstrate that both orientation and dimerization from the APP TM area differently have an effect on Aβ and AICD creation. The intensifying deposition of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)1 resulting in the forming of senile plaques can be an invariant feature of ...
https://biomarketx.net/the-%CE%B2-amyloid-peptide-a%CE%B2-may-be-the-major-constituent-from-the/
Alzheimers Disease Normative Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Validated in PET Amyloid-β Characterized Subjects from the...Alzheimers Disease Normative Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Validated in PET Amyloid-β Characterized Subjects from the...
Background: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42, total-tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated-tau (P-tau181P) profile has been established as a valuable biomarker for Alzheimers disease (AD). Objective: The current study aimed to determine CSF biomarker cut-points using positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ imaging screened subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging, as well as correlate CSF analyte cut-points across a range of PET Aβ amyloid ligands. Methods: Aβ pathology was determined by PET imaging, utilizing 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B, 18F-flutemetamol, or 18F-florbetapir, in 157 AIBL participants who also underwent CSF collection. Using an INNOTEST assay, cut-points were established (Aβ1-42 ,544 ng/L, T-tau ,407 ng/L, and P-tau181P ,78 ng/L) employing a rank based method to define a positive CSF in the sub-cohort of amyloid-PET negative healthy participants (n = 97), and compared with the presence of PET demonstrated AD pathology. ...
https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/60855/
Whitepaper: Calcium-A proven target in the war on Alzheimers disease - Integrative PractitionerWhitepaper: Calcium-A proven target in the war on Alzheimers disease - Integrative Practitioner
Calcium: A proven target in the war on Alzheimers disease Alzheimers disease is practically a household word these days, as the number of individuals dia
http://www.integrativepractitioner.com/resources/white-papers-reports/calcium-a-proven-target-in-the-war-on-alzheimers-disease-free/
Novel mutations introduced at the β-site of amyloid β protein precursor enhance the production of amyloid β peptide by BACE1 in...Novel mutations introduced at the β-site of amyloid β protein precursor enhance the production of amyloid β peptide by BACE1 in...
Abnormal production and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). β-secretase (BACE1) is responsible for the cleavage at the β-site in amyloid β protein precursor (AβPP/APP) to generate
https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad00409
The central molecular clock is robust in the face of behavioural arrhythmia in a Drosophila model of Alzheimers disease |...The central molecular clock is robust in the face of behavioural arrhythmia in a Drosophila model of Alzheimers disease |...
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in adults and is characterised at the microscopic level by extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal tau tangles. Amyloid plaques are composed of fibrillar aggregates of a spectrum of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) (LaFerla et al., 2007). The significance of Aβ is underpinned by the numerous disease-linked mutations that dysregulate APP processing: mutations that result in a spectrum of Aβ peptides with a higher aggregation propensity have been linked to familial AD (Philipson et al., 2010), whereas sequence variation in APP that reduces Aβ production is protective (Jonsson et al., 2012). There is much evidence from cell-culture and animal-model systems (Iijima-Ando and Iijima, 2010; Philipson et al., 2010) that the conformers of Aβ that possess neurotoxic activity are likely to be soluble oligomeric species rather than the more easily detected amyloid ...
http://dmm.biologists.org/content/7/4/445?utm_source=DMM&utm_campaign=Nobel2017
Sequence variants of IDE are associated with the extent of beta-amyloid deposition in the Alzheimers disease brain - Research...Sequence variants of IDE are associated with the extent of beta-amyloid deposition in the Alzheimers disease brain - Research...
Chalmers, K., Blomqvist, M.-L., Andreasen, N., Bogdanovic, N. and Wilcock, G. (2005) Sequence variants of IDE are associated with the extent of beta-amyloid deposition in the Alzheimers disease brain. Neurobilogy of Aging, 26 (6). pp. 795-802. ISSN 0197-4580 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/1512 Full text not available from this repository. Publishers URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07... ...
http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/1512/
UniProtKB/SwissProt variant VAR 025605UniProtKB/SwissProt variant VAR 025605
Alzheimer disease 3 (AD3) [MIM:607822]: A familial early-onset form of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituents of these plaques are neurotoxic amyloid-beta protein 40 and amyloid-beta protein 42, that are produced by the proteolysis of the transmembrane APP protein. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products, such as C31, are also implicated in neuronal death. {ECO:0000269,PubMed:10025789, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10090481, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10200054, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10208579, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10439444, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10441572, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10447269, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10533070, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10631141, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10644793, ECO:0000269,PubMed:11027672, ...
http://web.expasy.org/variant_pages/VAR_025605.html
UniProtKB/SwissProt variant VAR 006449UniProtKB/SwissProt variant VAR 006449
Alzheimer disease 3 (AD3) [MIM:607822]: A familial early-onset form of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituents of these plaques are neurotoxic amyloid-beta protein 40 and amyloid-beta protein 42, that are produced by the proteolysis of the transmembrane APP protein. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products, such as C31, are also implicated in neuronal death. {ECO:0000269,PubMed:10025789, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10090481, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10200054, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10208579, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10439444, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10441572, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10447269, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10533070, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10631141, ECO:0000269,PubMed:10644793, ECO:0000269,PubMed:11027672, ...
http://web.expasy.org/variant_pages/VAR_006449.html
QIAGEN - Sample to InsightQIAGEN - Sample to Insight
Neurodegeneration is characterized by dysfunction and death of cells in the nervous system. This results in impaired motor function and progressive dementia. Neurodegenerative diseases include prion disease, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs disease), and various types of dementia, of which Alzheimers disease is the most common. Intense research focus on Alzheimers disease has identified 2 main pathways leading to characteristic protein deposits in the brain. These are pathologic breakdown of amyloid precursor protein leading to the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques, and hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein Tau, causing intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Several genes have confirmed links to Alzheimers disease, and many genotyping and gene expression studies currently in progress aim to elucidate the causes, develop biomarkers for diagnosis, and identify potential drug targets ...
https://www.qiagen.com/pe/products/life-science-research/neurodegenerative-disease/
QIAGEN - Sample to InsightQIAGEN - Sample to Insight
Neurodegeneration is characterized by dysfunction and death of cells in the nervous system. This results in impaired motor function and progressive dementia. Neurodegenerative diseases include prion disease, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs disease), and various types of dementia, of which Alzheimers disease is the most common. Intense research focus on Alzheimers disease has identified 2 main pathways leading to characteristic protein deposits in the brain. These are pathologic breakdown of amyloid precursor protein leading to the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques, and hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein Tau, causing intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Several genes have confirmed links to Alzheimers disease, and many genotyping and gene expression studies currently in progress aim to elucidate the causes, develop biomarkers for diagnosis, and identify potential drug targets ...
https://www.qiagen.com/ie/products/life-science-research/neurodegenerative-disease/
Recombinant Human Amyloid Precursor Protein (ab124588)Recombinant Human Amyloid Precursor Protein (ab124588)
Recombinant Human Amyloid Precursor Protein Protein fragment datasheet (ab124588). Abcam offers quality products including antibodies, assays and other…
http://www.abcam.co.jp/recombinant-human-amyloid-precursor-protein-ab124588.html
Vincent T Marchesi, MD, PhD > Pathology | Yale School of...Vincent T Marchesi, MD, PhD > Pathology | Yale School of...
During the past decade my interest have focused on the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease, one of the most destructive neurological diseases that affects millions worldwide. This insidious disease becomes clinically symptomatic during the sixth decade of life, but there are reasons for believing that the disease process may begin one or two decades earlier, and abnormal metabolism of amyloid abeta peptides may be an important contributing factor.. I have been analyzing naturally occurring auto-antibodies to the amyloid abeta protein as a measure of the bodys response to either elevated levels or abnormal forms of these peptides. It is my feeling that the development of a reliable way to identify individuals who are risk for AD before the disease is evident is a critical unmet need. This lack of early detection hampers our ability to develop new therapies.. Specialized Terms: Pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease; Neurodegeneration; Amyloid abeta metabolism; Auto-antibodies; ...
https://medicine.yale.edu/pathology/people/vincent_marchesi-2.profile
Alzheimers Brains Found To Have Lower Levels Of Key Protein - RedorbitAlzheimers Brains Found To Have Lower Levels Of Key Protein - Redorbit
Researchers have found that a protein variation linked by some genetic studies to Alzheimers disease is consistently present in the brains of people with Alzheimers. In further biochemical and cell culture investigations, they have shown that this protein, known as ubiquilin-1, performs a critical Alzheimers-related function: it chaperones the formation of amyloid precursor protein, a molecule whose malformation has been directly tied to Alzheimers pathology.. What we saw here is that in all 20 of the Alzheimers brains we examined the ubiquilin-1 protein level was lower, and thats completely new, said University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston assistant professor José Barral, co-author of a paper on the study now online in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Our experiments looked at the consequences of decreased ubiquilin-1, and showed that its necessary for the proper handling of amyloid precursor protein.. APP has been a major focus of Alzheimers investigators for ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/2605904/alzheimers-brains-found-to-have-lower-levels-of-key-protein/
IMI launches EUR 130 million Calls for proposals with focus on Alzheimers disease, big data, vaccines, and more | IMI -...IMI launches EUR 130 million Calls for proposals with focus on Alzheimers disease, big data, vaccines, and more | IMI -...
Brussels, Belgium, 19 July 2017 - Today, the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) is launching two new Calls for proposals with topics on Alzheimers disease, big data, vaccines, autoimmune disease, the blood-brain barrier, drug development, and the exploitation of IMI project results. The total budget for the two Calls stands at just over EUR 130 million. Around half of this comes from the European Commissions Horizon 2020 programme. The other half comes from EFPIA companies as well as IMI Associated Partners.
http://www.imi.europa.eu/news-events/press-releases/imi-launches-eur-130-million-calls-proposals-focus-alzheimers-disease
A novel γ-secretase assay based on detection of the putative C-terminal fragment-γ of amyloid β protein precursor<...A novel γ-secretase assay based on detection of the putative C-terminal fragment-γ of amyloid β protein precursor<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A novel γ-secretase assay based on detection of the putative C-terminal fragment-γ of amyloid β protein precursor. AU - Pinnix, Inga. AU - Musunuru, Usha. AU - Tun, Han W. AU - Sridharan, Arati. AU - Golde, Todd. AU - Eckman, Christopher. AU - Ziani-Cherif, Chewki. AU - Onstead, Luisa. AU - Sambamurti, Kumar. PY - 2001/1/5. Y1 - 2001/1/5. N2 - Alzheimers disease is characterized by the deposits of the 4-kDa amyloid β peptide (Aβ). The Aβ protein precursor (APP) is cleaved by β-secretase to generate a C-terminal fragment, CTFβ, which in turn is cleaved by γ-secretase to generate Aβ. Alternative cleavage of the APP by α-secretase at Aβ16/17 generates the C-terminal fragment, CTFα. In addition to Aβ, endoproteolytic cleavage of CTFα and CTFβ by γ-secretase should yield a C-terminal fragment of 57-59 residues (CTFγ). However, CTFγ has not yet been reported in either brain or cell lysates, presumably due to its instability in vivo. We detected the in vitro ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-novel-%CE%B3-secretase-assay-based-on-detection-of-the-putative-c-te
Genetic markers ID second Alzheimers pathway - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comGenetic markers ID second Alzheimers pathway - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Much of the genetic research on Alzheimers centers on amyloid-beta, a key component of brain plaques that build up in the brains of people with the disease. In the new study, the scientists identified several genes linked to the tau protein, which is found in the tangles that develop in the brain as Alzheimers progresses and patients develop dementia. The findings may help provide targets for a different class of drugs that could be used for treatment.. The researchers reported their findings online April 4 in the journal Neuron.. We measured the tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid and identified several genes that are related to high levels of tau and also affect risk for Alzheimers disease, said senior investigator Alison M. Goate, DPhil, the Samuel and Mae S. Ludwig Professor of Genetics in Psychiatry. As far as were aware, three of these genes have no effect on amyloid-beta, suggesting that they are operating through a completely different pathway.. A fourth gene in the mix, APOE, ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/37511-genetic-markers-id-second-alzheimers-pathway.html
Binding of apolipoprotein E inhibits the oligomer growth of amyloid-β peptide in solution as determined by fluorescence cross...Binding of apolipoprotein E inhibits the oligomer growth of amyloid-β peptide in solution as determined by fluorescence cross...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Binding of apolipoprotein E inhibits the oligomer growth of amyloid-β peptide in solution as determined by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. AU - Ly, Sonny. AU - Altman, Robin. AU - Petrlova, Jitka. AU - Lin, Yu. AU - Hilt, Silvia. AU - Huser, Thomas R. AU - Laurence, Ted A.. AU - Voss, John C. PY - 2013/4/26. Y1 - 2013/4/26. N2 - One of the primary neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease is the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques resulting from the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The intrinsic disorder of the Aβ peptide drives self-association and progressive reordering of the conformation in solution, and this dynamic distribution of Aβ complicates biophysical studies. This property poses a challenge for understanding the interaction of Aβ with apolipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE plays a pivotal role in the aggregation and clearance of Aβ peptides in the brain, and the ε4 allele of APOE is the most significant known genetic modulator of ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/binding-of-apolipoprotein-e-inhibits-the-oligomer-growth-of-amylo
Alzheimers disease.… - University of Gothenburg, SwedenAlzheimers disease.… - University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia. Research advances have enabled detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the hallmarks of the disease--ie, plaques, composed of amyloid beta (Abeta), and tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. However, as our knowledge increases so does our appreciation for the pathogenic complexity of the disorder. Familial Alzheimers disease is a very rare autosomal dominant disease with early onset, caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and presenilin genes, both linked to Abeta metabolism. By contrast with familial disease, sporadic Alzheimers disease is very common with more than 15 million people affected worldwide. The cause of the sporadic form of the disease is unknown, probably because the disease is heterogeneous, caused by ageing in concert with a complex interaction of both genetic and environmental risk factors. This seminar reviews the key aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, genetics, ...
https://www.gu.se/english/research/publication?publicationId=60791
Effects of 4-hydroxy-nonenal and amyloid-β on expression and activity of endothelin converting enzyme and insulin degrading...Effects of 4-hydroxy-nonenal and amyloid-β on expression and activity of endothelin converting enzyme and insulin degrading...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of 4-hydroxy-nonenal and amyloid-β on expression and activity of endothelin converting enzyme and insulin degrading enzyme in SH-SY5Y cells. AU - Wang, Rui. AU - Wang, Suqing. AU - Malter, James S.. AU - Wang, Deng Shun. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - The cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a consistent feature of and likely contributor to the development of Alzheimers disease (AD). In addition to dysregulated production, increasing experimental evidence suggests reduced catabolism plays an important role in Aβ accumulation. Although endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) degrade and thus contribute to regulating the steady-state levels of Aβ, how these enzymes are regulated remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) and Aβ on the expression and activity of ECE-1 and IDE in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with HNE or Aβ upregulated ECE-1 mRNA and protein, while IDE ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-4-hydroxy-nonenal-and-amyloid-%CE%B2-on-expression-and-acti
Square channels formed by a peptide derived from transthyretin - Chemical Science (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C6SC01927GSquare channels formed by a peptide derived from transthyretin - Chemical Science (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C6SC01927G
The structures of amyloid fibrils and oligomers represent a vast frontier, of yet unknown scope. The fibrils and aggregates that amyloidogenic peptides and proteins form are rich in β-sheets, and their structures are tremendously important in amyloid diseases. Many structures of amyloid fibrils have been discovered by solid-state NMR spectroscopy of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins and by X-ray crystallography of smaller fragments.1-4 Studying amyloid oligomer structures at high resolution is challenging, because amyloid oligomers are heterogeneous and dynamic, forming various species of different sizes and morphologies. Although a few structures of amyloid oligomers have been discovered in the last decade, there are not enough to provide a full understanding of amyloid assemblies.5-7 Our laboratory has pioneered the use of macrocyclic β-sheets as a tool for exploring the structures of amyloid oligomers. In collaboration with the Eisenberg group, we began using X-ray crystallography to ...
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/sc/c6sc01927g
monoclonal antibody | Emerging Understanding of Bcl-2 Biologymonoclonal antibody | Emerging Understanding of Bcl-2 Biology
The purpose of this work is the reduction in the Abeta amyloid peptide burden in brain of Alzheimers disease (AD) transgenic mice without the concomitant elevation in plasma Abeta amyloid peptide. APPswe,PSEN1dE9 mice were studied at 12 months of age. The mice were shown to have considerable Abeta amyloid plaques in cerebral cortex based on immunocytochemistry. The mice were treated every 3C4 days by intravenous injections of either saline or the cTfRMAb-ScFv fusion protein at an injection dose of 1 1 mg/kg for 12 consecutive weeks. The brain A1C42 concentration was reduced 40% in the fusion protein treated mice, without any elevation in plasma A1C42 concentration. No cerebral micro-hemorrhage was observed in the treated mice. These results display that brain-penetrating antibody pharmaceutics can be developed for mind disorders such as AD TAE684 following a re-engineering of the antibody like a fusion protein that is transferred across the BBB via receptor-mediated transport. Keywords: ...
http://bcl-2-protein.com/tag/monoclonal-antibody/
A Novel Neurotrophic Drug for Cognitive Enhancement and Alzheimers DiseaseA Novel Neurotrophic Drug for Cognitive Enhancement and Alzheimers Disease
Currently, the major drug discovery paradigm for neurodegenerative diseases is based upon high affinity ligands for single disease-specific targets. For Alzheimers disease (AD), the focus is the amyloid beta peptide (Aß) that mediates familial Alzheimers disease pathology. However, given that age is the greatest risk factor for AD, we explored an alternative drug discovery scheme that is based upon efficacy in multiple cell culture models of age-associated pathologies rather than exclusively amyloid metabolism. Using this approach, we identified an exceptionally potent, orally active, neurotrophic molecule that facilitates memory in normal rodents, and prevents the loss of synaptic proteins and cognitive decline in a transgenic AD mouse model.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0027865
Inhibition of GSK-3 ameliorates Abeta pathology in an adult-onset Drosophila model of Alzheimers disease. - Department of...Inhibition of GSK-3 ameliorates Abeta pathology in an adult-onset Drosophila model of Alzheimers disease. - Department of...
Abeta peptide accumulation is thought to be the primary event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD), with downstream neurotoxic effects including the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is increasingly implicated as playing a pivotal role in this amyloid cascade. We have developed an adult-onset Drosophila model of AD, using an inducible gene expression system to express Arctic mutant Abeta42 specifically in adult neurons, to avoid developmental effects. Abeta42 accumulated with age in these flies and they displayed increased mortality together with progressive neuronal dysfunction, but in the apparent absence of neuronal loss. This fly model can thus be used to examine the role of events during adulthood and early AD aetiology. Expression of Abeta42 in adult neurons increased GSK-3 activity, and inhibition of GSK-3 (either genetically or pharmacologically by lithium treatment) rescued Abeta42 toxicity. Abeta42 pathogenesis was also reduced by removal of
https://www.psych.ox.ac.uk/publications/622619
Alzheimers Disease May Result From Past Brain Infections | GraverAlzheimers Disease May Result From Past Brain Infections | Graver
Its often stated as fact that Alzheimers disease is the result of a buildup of beta-amyloid plaques in your brain. Such plaques may increase in your brain as you age, but tend to be far more abundant in people with Alzheimers disease.. Some people have a genetic mutation known to increase the production of beta-amyloid, but in most people the cause behind such buildup is unknown.. Provocative new research suggests that beta-amyloid buildup may not be intrinsically abnormal, and instead, may act as a natural antibiotic that protects your brain from infection. Alzheimers disease, then, might be a byproduct of your brains attempts to fight off infections.. Alzheimers Disease as a Byproduct of Infectious Disease. Harvard researchers have suggested that beta-amyloid proteins are antimicrobial peptides (part of your innate immune response) and have a beneficial role to play in your brain.. If viruses or bacteria cross your blood-brain barrier, the beta-amyloid traps the foreign invader and ...
https://gravernews.com/alzheimers-disease-may-result-from-past-brain-infections/
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anti-Amyloidogenic Compounds | Bentham ScienceNon-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anti-Amyloidogenic Compounds | Bentham Science
Title: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anti-Amyloidogenic Compounds. VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 30. Author(s):Mie Hirohata, Kenjiro Ono and Masahito Yamada. Affiliation:Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.. Keywords:Alzheimers disease, amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), amyloidosis, α-synuclein fibrils, central nervous system, neuroinflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), protein-misfolding disorders. Abstract: Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder caused by deposition of proteins that abnormally self-assemble into insoluble fibrils and impair organ function. More than 20 unrelated precursor proteins lose their native structure and misfold, leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils. The latter share cross-β core structure in vivo and in vitro and gain abnormal functions. Local amyloid deposition occurs in the central nervous system in Alzheimers disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/67977/article/non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-anti-amyloidogenic-compounds?tracking-code=4
New findings contradict dominant theory in Alzheimer... ( For decades the amyloid hypothesis h...)New findings contradict dominant theory in Alzheimer... ( For decades the amyloid hypothesis h...)
Health, ...For decades the amyloid hypothesis has dominated the research field in...The research groups data offers an opposite hypothesis suggesting th...The study published in the October issue of the Journal of Neurosc...Contrary to the dominant theory where aggregated extracellular beta-a...,New,findings,contradict,dominant,theory,in,Alzheimers,disease,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/New-findings-contradict-dominant-theory-in-Alzheimers-disease-86419-1/
Cabernet SauvignonCabernet Sauvignon
Resveratrol has also been shown to promote the clearance of amyloid-beta peptides. It has also been shown that non-alcoholic ... The study showed that resveratrol found in Cabernet Sauvignon can reduce levels of amyloid beta peptides, which attack brain ... "Resveratrol promotes clearance of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (45): 37377-82. doi:10.1074/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon
Kai SimonsKai Simons
"Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides are released in association with exosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... "Efficient inhibition of the Alzheimer's disease beta-secretase by membrane targeting". Science. 320 (5875): 520-523. Bibcode: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Simons
NeprilysinNeprilysin
It also degrades the amyloid beta peptide whose abnormal folding and aggregation in neural tissue has been implicated as a ... Iwata N, Higuchi M, Saido TC (November 2005). "Metabolism of amyloid-beta peptide and Alzheimer's disease". Pharmacol. Ther. ... Because neprilysin is thought to be the rate-limiting step in amyloid beta degradation, it has been considered a potential ... Neprilysin-deficient knockout mice show both Alzheimer's-like behavioral impairment and amyloid-beta deposition in the brain, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin
RTN3RTN3
2004). "Reticulon family members modulate BACE1 activity and amyloid-beta peptide generation". Nat. Med. 10 (9): 959-65. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTN3
Apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factorApoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor
Guo Q, Xie J (Feb 2004). "AATF inhibits aberrant production of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 by interacting directly with Par-4". ... Xie J, Guo Q (Jun 2004). "AATF protects neural cells against oxidative damage induced by amyloid beta-peptide". Neurobiology of ... "AATF inhibits aberrant production of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 by interacting directly with Par-4". The Journal of Biological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis-antagonizing_transcription_factor
ERGIC2ERGIC2
Nelson TJ, Alkon DL (2007). "Protection against beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis by peptides interacting with beta-amyloid". J ... It has been shown to interact with a number of proteins, such as beta-amyloid, protein elongation factor 1alpha, and otoferlin ... Kwok SC, Liu X, Mangel P, Daskal I (2006). "PTX1(ERGIC2)-VP22 fusion protein upregulates interferon-beta in prostate cancer ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERGIC2
BlarcamesineBlarcamesine
... which cleaves the amyloid precursor protein to produce the amyloid-beta peptide. These amyloid-beta peptides aggregate together ... Experiments in mice have found that M1 and M3 receptor agonists inhibit the formation of amyloid-beta and target GSK-3B.[ ... M1 receptor activation appears to decreases tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-beta accumulation. Sigma1 activation appears ... September 2016). "Mitofusin-2 knockdown increases ER-mitochondria contact and decreases amyloid β-peptide production". Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blarcamesine
Tm2 domain containing 1Tm2 domain containing 1
This protein may be a target of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide, and may mediate cellular vulnerability to beta-amyloid peptide ... Beta-amyloid peptide has been established to be a causative factor in neuron death and the consequent diminution of cognitive ... Lee Y, Chang DJ, Lee YS, Chang KA, Kim H, Yoon JS, Lee S, Suh YH, Kaang BK (2003). "Beta-amyloid peptide binding protein does ... The protein encoded by this gene is a beta-amyloid peptide-binding protein. It contains a structural module related to that of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tm2_domain_containing_1
Folding@home[email protected]
Alzheimer's is associated with toxic aggregations of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, caused by Aβ misfolding and clumping ... "Solution conformations and aggregational properties of synthetic amyloid beta-peptides of Alzheimer's disease. Analysis of ... "Predicted alpha-helical regions of the prion protein when synthesized as peptides form amyloid". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. ... "Rationally Designed Turn Promoting Mutation in the Amyloid-β Peptide Sequence Stabilizes Oligomers in Solution". PLOS ONE. 6 (7 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[email protected]
PhenserinePhenserine
January 2007). "The experimental Alzheimer's disease drug posiphen [(+)-phenserine] lowers amyloid-beta peptide levels in cell ... "Oxidative stress and the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease". Redox Biology. 14: 450-464. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.10. ... "Posiphen as a candidate drug to lower CSF amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-β peptide and τ levels: target engagement, ... significantly lowers brain levels of beta amyloid (1-42)". Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2: S95. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.379. ISSN ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenserine
Apolipoprotein EApolipoprotein E
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by build-ups of aggregates of the peptide beta-amyloid. Apolipoprotein E enhances ... high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease". ... Gunzburg MJ, Perugini MA, Howlett GJ (December 2007). "Structural basis for the recognition and cross-linking of amyloid ... This may be caused by an interaction with amyloid. ... proteolytic break-down of this peptide, both within and between ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E
Joseph BuxbaumJoseph Buxbaum
"Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid beta-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline". JAMA. 283 (12): 1571-1577. doi ... "Processing of Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein: modulation by agents that regulate protein phosphorylation". ... In Alzheimer disease, Buxbaum has conducted several cell-biological and patient-based analyses of APP and A-beta and he and his ... that tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme is involved in regulated alpha-secretase cleavage of the Alzheimer amyloid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Buxbaum
Sara Snogerup LinseSara Snogerup Linse
When proteins spontaneously aggregate they can form fibrous clumps known as amyloids. Amyloid-beta peptides are associated with ... Linse has demonstrated that the process of nucleation and growth of amyloid-beta peptide occurs in two phases; first the ... Her research makes use of a variety of analytical tools to study protein amyloid formation. In 2020 Linse and co-workers ... "New mathematical model for amyloid formation: Equations describe chemical reactions responsible for the formation of protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Snogerup_Linse
RTN1RTN1
He W, Lu Y, Qahwash I, Hu XY, Chang A, Yan R (2004). "Reticulon family members modulate BACE1 activity and amyloid-beta peptide ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTN1
NeurodegenerationNeurodegeneration
Plaques are made up of small peptides, typically 39-43 amino acids in length, called beta-amyloid (also written as A-beta or Aβ ... June 1990). "Cleavage of amyloid beta peptide during constitutive processing of its precursor". Science. 248 (4959): 1122-4. ... Beta-amyloid is a fragment from a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane protein that ... beta amyloid: the major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. prion: main component of prion diseases and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration
Alzheimers disease biomarkersAlzheimer's disease biomarkers
When Aβ peptide is released by proteolytic cleavage of amyloid-beta precursor protein, some Aβ peptides that are solubilized ... will cleave amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) into various types of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein. Most β-secretase activity ... Amyloid beta (Aβ) is composed of a family of peptides produced by proteolytic cleavage of the type I transmembrane spanning ... APP is an integral membrane protein whose proteolysis generates beta amyloid ranging from 39- to 42- amino acid peptide. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's_disease_biomarkers
RS-67,333RS-67,333
Cho S, Hu Y (2007). "Activation of 5-HT4 receptors inhibits secretion of beta-amyloid peptides and increases neuronal survival ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-67,333
MeningoencephalitisMeningoencephalitis
Antibodies targeting amyloid beta peptide proteins which have been used during research on Alzheimer's disease. Anti-N-methyl-D ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningoencephalitis
List of traditional Chinese medicinesList of traditional Chinese medicines
2005). "Neuroprotective effects of anti-aging oriental medicine Lycium barbarum against beta-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity". ... It is said to aid in detoxification A scorpion venom peptide was found to help with arthritis in vitro. Various fungi are used ... Lee DG, Jung HJ, Woo ER (September 2005). "Antimicrobial property of (+)-lyoniresinol-3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_traditional_Chinese_medicines
DAPT (chemical)DAPT (chemical)
2001). "Functional gamma-secretase inhibitors reduce beta-amyloid peptide levels in brain". Journal of Neurochemistry. 76 (1): ... In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, DAPT reduces the levels of beta-amyloid. Geling, A.; Steiner, H.; Willem, M.; Bally- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAPT_(chemical)
David EisenbergDavid Eisenberg
"An amyloid-forming peptide from the yeast prion Sup35 reveals a dehydrated beta -sheet structure for amyloid". Proceedings of ... Amyloid[3]. Structural biology[4][5][6]. Institutions. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. University of Oxford. University of ... 2008 in recognition of his contributions in unfolding the structure of amyloid fibrils. The award was presented to him at a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Eisenberg
ELK1ELK1
Buildup of beta amyloid (Aβ) peptides is shown to cause and/or trigger Alzheimer's disease. Aβ interferes with BDNF-induced ... which encodes a protein that is necessary for the last step of the sequential proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELK1
CymserineCymserine
... augments learning and lowers Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide in rodent". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ... as well as reducing levels of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta, which are commonly used biomarkers for the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymserine
BapineuzumabBapineuzumab
"Bapineuzumab captures the N-terminus of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptide in a helical conformation". Scientific ... Bapineuzumab is an antibody to the beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques that are believed to underlie Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. ... In previous clinical trials for vaccination against human beta amyloid, called AN-1792, patients with Alzheimer's disease using ... Bapineuzumab has been shown to recognise the extreme N-terminal 5 residues of Aβ peptide in a helical conformation (4HIX.pdb) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bapineuzumab
Nest (protein structural motif)Nest (protein structural motif)
Milner-White, EJ; Watson (2006). "Amyloid formation may involve alpha- to beta sheet interconversion via peptide plane flipping ... The synthesized peptide Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly-Lys-Thr, designed as a minimal peptide P-loop, was shown to bind inorganic phosphate ... A few have so little that the concavity is lost; these peptides often bind cations via their main chain CO groups, instead of ... It is a small recurring anion-binding feature of both proteins and peptides. Each consists of the main chain atoms of three ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest_(protein_structural_motif)
TREM2TREM2
... interacts with DAP12 in microglia to trigger phagocytosis of amyloid beta peptide and apoptotic neurons without ... positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II. • positive regulation of ERK1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TREM2
PSEN1PSEN1
Phiel CJ, Wilson CA, Lee VM, Klein PS (May 2003). "GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides ... A 5-fold drop of amyloid peptide was observed, suggesting that deficiency of presenilin-1 can down regulate amyloid and ... from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Accumulation of amyloid beta is associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease. ... These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid beta (main component of amyloid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSEN1
Senile plaquesSenile plaques
Beta amyloid peptides associated with senile plaques have been found to play a central role in the risk, onset, and progression ... Of particular importance is the longer species of beta amyloid known as beta amyloid 42. Elevated levels of beta amyloid, as ... amyloid beta) that are released into the extracellular space.[10] Eventually, the accumulation of amyloid beta outside of ... Findeis MA (November 2007). "The role of amyloid beta peptide 42 in Alzheimer's disease". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 116 (2 ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senile_plaque
PeroxidasePeroxidase
Atamna H, Boyle K (February 2006). "Amyloid-beta peptide binds with heme to form a peroxidase: relationship to the ... Amyloid beta, when bound to heme, has been shown to have peroxidase activity. A typical group of peroxidases are the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxidase
Genetically modified tomatoGenetically modified tomato
"Transgenic tomatoes expressing human beta-amyloid for use as a vaccine against Alzheimer's disease". Biotechnology letters. 30 ... The plant peptide hormone, systemin was first identified in tomato plants and genetic modification has been used to demonstrate ... "Expression of a synthesized gene encoding cationic peptide cecropin B in transgenic tomato plants protects against bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_tomato
CyanotoxinCyanotoxin
Cyclic peptides[edit]. A peptide is a short polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They have the same chemical ... The non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is ubiquitously produced by cyanobacteria in marine, ... "Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain". Proceedings of ... Cyclic peptides Microcystins Liver Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix (Oscillatoria), Nostoc, Hapalosiphon, Anabaenopsis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotoxin
HADHBHADHB
Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Kaczmarski W, Dickson D (2001). "Deposition of Alzheimer's vascular amyloid-beta is associated ... HADHB encodes a 51.2 kDa protein that is composed of 474 amino acids; 124 peptides have been observed through mass spectrometry ... Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial (TP-beta) also known as 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, ... This gene encodes the beta subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, a catalyst of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HADHB
FZD5FZD5
amyloid-beta binding. • signal transducer activity. • Wnt-protein binding. • protein binding. • protein kinase binding. • ... Holmen SL, Robertson SA, Zylstra CR, Williams BO (2005). "Wnt-independent activation of beta-catenin mediated by a Dkk1-Fz5 ... "Caveolin is necessary for Wnt-3a-dependent internalization of LRP6 and accumulation of beta-catenin". Dev. Cell. 11 (2): 213-23 ... "A novel frizzled gene identified in human esophageal carcinoma mediates APC/beta-catenin signals". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FZD5
Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factor
Studies suggest that neurotrophic factors have a protective role against amyloid beta toxicity.[85] ... Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). *Pleiotrophin. *Renalase. *Thrombopoietin (see here instead) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF
Beta-amiloide, a enciclopedia libreBeta-amiloide, a enciclopedia libre
Hiltunen M, van Groen T, Jolkkonen J (2009). "Functional roles of amyloid-beta protein precursor and amyloid-beta peptides: ... Milton NG (October 2002). "Anandamide and noladin ether prevent neurotoxicity of the human amyloid-beta peptide". Neurosci. ... Stine WB, Dahlgren KN, Krafft GA, LaDu MJ (March 2003). "In vitro characterization of conditions for amyloid-beta peptide ... "Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptides compete for insulin binding to the insulin receptor" (PDF). J. Neurosci. 22 (10): RC221. PMID ...
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiloide_beta
PeptidePeptide
... long peptides such as amyloid beta have been referred to as proteins, and smaller proteins like insulin have been considered ... fungal peptides, invertebrate peptides, amphibian/skin peptides, venom peptides, cancer/anticancer peptides, vaccine peptides ... cardiovascular peptides, renal peptides, respiratory peptides, opiate peptides, neurotrophic peptides, and blood-brain peptides ... immune/inflammatory peptides, brain peptides, endocrine peptides, ingestive peptides, gastrointestinal peptides, ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptide
Factor XFactor X
For example, factor X deficiency may be seen in amyloidosis, where factor X is adsorbed to the amyloid fibrils in the ... Inoue K, Morita T (November 1993). "Identification of O-linked oligosaccharide chains in the activation peptides of blood ... evidence for identification of residue 63 as beta-hydroxyaspartic acid". Biochemistry. 22 (12): 2875-84. doi:10.1021/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_X
乙醯膽鹼酯酶 - 維基百科，自由的百科乙醯膽鹼酯酶 - 維基百科，自由的百科
beta-amyloid binding. · acetylcholinesterase activity. · acetylcholinesterase activity. · carboxylesterase activity. · ... 1f8u: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MUTANT E202Q OF HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE COMPLEXED WITH GREEN MAMBA VENOM PEPTIDE FASCICULIN-II ... amyloid precursor protein metabolic process. · neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process. · regulation of dendrite ... Pakaski M, Kasa P. Role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein.. Current drug ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/乙酰胆碱酯酶
MAPK8IP1MAPK8IP1
2001). "Cell-permeable peptide inhibitors of JNK: novel blockers of beta-cell death". Diabetes. 50 (1): 77-82. doi:10.2337/ ... 2002). "Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) interacting protein 1 (JIP1) binds the cytoplasmic domain of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid ... and decrease IL-1 beta and MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. This protein also functions ... The protein encoded by this gene is a regulator of the pancreatic beta-cell function. It is highly similar to JIP-1, a mouse ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK8IP1
Demyelinating diseaseDemyelinating disease
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.002. PMID 20153391.. *^ Gasperini, C.; Ruggieri, S. (2012). "Development of oral agent in the ... Familial amyloid neuropathy. Autoimmune and demyelinating disease. *Guillain-Barré syndrome. *Chronic inflammatory ... "Stimulation of n-cadherin-dependent neurite outgrowth by small molecule peptide mimetic agonists of the n-cadherin hav motif". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelinating_disease
AmilinAmilin
"Intracellular amyloid-like deposits contain unprocessed pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (proIAPP) in beta cells of transgenic ... "An islet amyloid peptide is derived from an 89-amino acid precursor by proteolytic processing". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (33): 17243- ... Paulsson JF, Westermark GT (July 2005). "Aberrant processing of human proislet amyloid polypeptide results in increased amyloid ... "islet amyloid polypeptide precursor [Homo sapiens]". NCBI.. (the current NCBI RefSeq) *^ a b Roberts AN, Leighton B, Todd JA, ...
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilin
డౌన్ సిండ్రోమ్ - వికీపీడియాడౌన్ సిండ్రోమ్ - వికీపీడియా
డౌన్ సిండ్రోమ్లో సంభవించే చిత్తవైకల్యం మెదడులో ఉత్పత్తి చేయబడిన అమిలోయిడ్ బీటా పెప్టైడ్ ( amyloid beta peptide )కంటే అధికం ... Patterson, D; Cabelof, DC (April 2012). "Down syndrome as a model of DNA polymerase beta haploinsufficiency and accelerated ...
https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/డౌన్_సిండ్రోమ్
RNA interferenceRNA interference
Studies in cells and in mouse have shown that specifically targeting Amyloid beta-producing genes (e.g. BACE1 and APP) by RNAi ... can significantly reduced the amount of Aβ peptide which is correlated with the cause of Alzheimer's disease.[157][158][159] In ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference
Aspartic proteaseAspartic protease
Other/ungrouped: Amyloid precursor protein secretase *Alpha secretase. *Beta-secretase 1. *Beta-secretase 2 ... Structure of the dimeric aspartic protease HIV protease in white and grey, with peptide substrate in black and active site ... leads to protonation of the scissile amide which results in the splitting of the substrate peptide into two product peptides. ... they tend to cleave dipeptide bonds that have hydrophobic residues as well as a beta-methylene group. Unlike serine or cysteine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_protease
Beta cellBeta cell
C-peptide, which is secreted into the bloodstream in equimolar quantities to insulin. C-peptide helps to prevent neuropathy and ... Amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP).[17] The function of amylin is to slow the rate of glucose entering the ... Beta cells (β cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells ... Research has shown that beta cells can be differentiated from human pancreas progenitor cells.[31] These differentiated beta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell
ApoptosisApoptosis
LaFerla FM, Tinkle BT, Bieberich CJ, Haudenschild CC, Jay G (January 1995). "The Alzheimer's A beta peptide induces ... "Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid hypothesis and the Inverse Warburg effect". Frontiers in Physiology. 5: 522. doi:10.3389/ ... Part of this pathway includes alpha-interferon and beta-interferon, which induce transcription of the p53 gene, resulting in ... Apoptosis is known to be one of the primary mechanisms of targeted cancer therapy.[38] Luminescent iridium complex-peptide ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis
Robert J. CotterRobert J. Cotter
"Beta-Amyloid-(1-42) is a Major Component of Cerebrovascular Amyloid Deposits - Implications for the pathology of Alzheimer- ... Spengler B, Kirsch D, Kaufmann R (1991). "Metastable Decay of Peptides and Proteins in Matrix-assisted Laser-desorption Mass ... "Glutathione as a Matrix For Plasma Desorption Mass-Spectrometry of Large Peptides". Anal. Chem. 58 (7): 1303-1307. doi:10.1021/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Cotter
AmilinAmilin
"A novel peptide in the calcitonin gene related peptide family as an amyloid fibril protein in the endocrine pancreas". Biochem ... Timus: Timozin (Timozin α1, Timozin beta) • Timopoietin • Timulin Organi za varenje: Želudac: gastrin • grelin • Duodenum: CCK ... 1989). "Localisation of islet amyloid peptide in lipofuscin bodies and secretory granules of human B-cells and in islets of ... "Purification and characterization of a peptide from amyloid-rich pancreases of type 2 diabetic patients". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilin
Proteasome endopeptidase complexProteasome endopeptidase complex
"Contribution of proteasomal beta-subunits to the cleavage of peptide substrates analyzed with yeast mutants". The Journal of ... Other/ungrouped: Amyloid precursor protein secretase *Alpha secretase. *Beta-secretase 1. *Beta-secretase 2 ... Cleavage of peptide bonds with very broad specificity. This 20-S protein is composed of 28 subunits arranged in four rings of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome_endopeptidase_complex
peptidespeptides
... long peptides such as amyloid beta have been referred to as proteins, and smaller proteins like insulin have been considered ... A peptide hormone is a peptide that acts as a hormone.. *A proteose is a mixture of peptides produced by the hydrolysis of ... Peptide classes[edit]. Peptides are divided into several classes, depending on how they are produced:. Milk peptides Two ... The term peptide has been used to mean secretagogue peptides and peptide hormones in sports doping matters: secretagogue ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide
RhaponticinRhaponticin
"Protective effect of rhubarb derivatives on amyloid beta (1-42) peptide-induced apoptosis in IMR-32 cells: A case of ... and in vitro results suggest it may be relevant to Alzheimer's disease with an action on beta amyloid.[2] It is a phytoestrogen ... 3',5-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Ponticin. Rhapontin. Rhapontigenin glucoside ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaponticin
Cathepsin DCathepsin D
"Processing of the pre-beta-amyloid protein by cathepsin D is enhanced by a familial Alzheimer's disease mutation". European ... antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II. • proteolysis. • neutrophil degranulation. ... Lemansky P, Gieselmann V, Hasilik A, von Figura K (August 1984). "Cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase synthesized in the ... macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, and SLC that are expressed in human breast cancer". The American Journal of Pathology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_D
ImatinibImatinib
It is not known whether reduction of beta-amyloid is a feasible way of treating Alzheimer's, as an anti-beta-amyloid vaccine ... proapoptotic peptide against ANXA2 and prohibitin (Adipotide). *exotoxin against IL-2 (Denileukin diftitox) ... Tests on mice indicate that imatinib is effective at reducing beta-amyloid in the brain.[80] ... GSAP selectively increases the production and accumulation of neurotoxic beta-amyloid plaques, which suggests that molecules ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imatinib
Early-onset Alzheimers diseaseEarly-onset Alzheimer's disease
This protein has been identified as part of the enzymatic complex that cleaves amyloid beta peptide from APP (see below). ... This protein has been identified as part of the enzymatic complex that cleaves amyloid beta peptide from APP (see below). ... Beta-amyloid is a small piece of a larger protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Once APP is activated, it is cut ... Mutations to the amyloid beta A4 precursor protein (APP) located on the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q21.3) cause familial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_Alzheimer_disease
Alzheimers disease - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAlzheimer's disease - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... at the other end of the beta-amyloid peptide. After this snipping the beta-amyloid peptide is released into the space outside ... Beta-amyloid Beta-amyloid(Aβ) (also called 'amyloid beta') plaques start with a protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP ... The beta-amyloid bundles (plaque) are made up of pieces of beta-amyloid protein that were once part of a healthy neuron. These ... The plaques are formed when beta-secretase snips the APP molecule at one end of the beta-amyloid peptide, releasing sAPPβ from ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's_disease
Alzheimers diseaseAlzheimer's disease
The amyloid hypothesis traditionally points to the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides as the central event triggering neuron ... Amyloid hypothesis. In 1991, the amyloid hypothesis postulated that extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits are the ... suggesting that a close relative of the beta-amyloid protein, and not necessarily the beta-amyloid itself, may be a major ... Exactly how disturbances of production and aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide give rise to the pathology of AD is not ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's
S100BS100B
Peña LA, Brecher CW, Marshak DR (1997). "beta-Amyloid regulates gene expression of glial trophic substance S100 beta in C6 ... 1psb: Solution structure of calcium loaded S100B complexed to a peptide from N-Terminal regulatory domain of NDR kinase. ... Allore R, O'Hanlon D, Price R, Neilson K, Willard HF, Cox DR, Marks A, Dunn RJ (1988). "Gene encoding the beta subunit of S100 ... Duncan AM, Higgins J, Dunn RJ, Allore R, Marks A (1989). "Refined sublocalization of the human gene encoding the beta subunit ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100B
Intracellular biology of Alzheimers disease amyloid beta peptide | SpringerLinkIntracellular biology of Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta peptide | SpringerLink
Originally this peptide, beta-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), was assumed to be released by a... ... Strong evidence links excess production of a small peptide and the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). ... Originally this peptide, beta-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), was assumed to be released by a pathogenic event; it is now well established ... Key words Cell biology Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi trans Golgi network Amyloid Alzheimers ¶disease ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs004060050102
Analysis of Neurotoxic Beta Amyloid Peptides in Alzheimers DiseaseAnalysis of Neurotoxic Beta Amyloid Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease
This article briefly explains the production of Aß from amyloid precursor protein (APP). ... Alzheimers disease is characterized by the presence of neurotoxic beta amyloid (Aß) deposits in the brain. ... Analysis of Neurotoxic Beta Amyloid Peptides in Alzheimers Disease. *Download PDF Copy ... 2019, April 01). Analysis of Neurotoxic Beta Amyloid Peptides in Alzheimers Disease. News-Medical. Retrieved on December 12, ...
https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20171215/Analysis-of-Neurotoxic-Beta-Amyloid-Peptides-in-Alzheimers-Disease.aspx
Acceleration of amyloid beta-peptide aggregation by physiological concentrations of calcium. - PubMed - NCBIAcceleration of amyloid beta-peptide aggregation by physiological concentrations of calcium. - PubMed - NCBI
Acceleration of amyloid beta-peptide aggregation by physiological concentrations of calcium.. Isaacs AM1, Senn DB, Yuan M, ... Alzheimer disease is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) in the brain. The ... Using this approach, we directly compared the neurotoxicity of protofibrils and mature amyloid fibrils and demonstrate that ... the site at which amyloid plaque deposition occurs. In the absence of calcium, protofibrils can remain stable in vitro for ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16870617
amyloid beta peptides Protocols and Video...'amyloid beta peptides' Protocols and Video...
A Tailored HPLC Purification Protocol That Yields High-purity Amyloid Beta 42 and Amyloid Beta 40 Peptides, Capable of Oligomer ... amyloid beta peptides include Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ ... Stereotaxic Infusion of Oligomeric Amyloid-beta into the Mouse Hippocampus, Standards for Quantitative Metalloproteomic ... A11-positive β-amyloid Oligomer Preparation and Assessment Using Dot Blotting Analysis, In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain ...
https://www.jove.com/keyword/amyloid+beta+peptides
beta-Amyloid Peptide (35-25) References | Abcambeta-Amyloid Peptide (35-25) References | Abcam
References for Abcams beta-Amyloid Peptide (35-25) (ab120977). Please let us know if you have used this product in your ... Proteins and Peptides. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Lysates. Multiplex miRNA assays. By ...
http://www.abcam.com/beta-amyloid-peptide-35-25-ab120977-references.html
Calcium Channel Blockers, Progression to Dementia, and Effects on Amyloid Beta Peptide ProductionCalcium Channel Blockers, Progression to Dementia, and Effects on Amyloid Beta Peptide Production
... Mark A. Lovell,1,2 Erin ... and Effects on Amyloid Beta Peptide Production," Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2015, Article ID 787805, 9 ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2015/787805/cta/
Serum Amyloid Beta Peptides in Patients with Dementia and Age-Mat...: Ingenta ConnectSerum Amyloid Beta Peptides in Patients with Dementia and Age-Mat...: Ingenta Connect
Serum Amyloid Beta Peptides in Patients with Dementia and Age-Matched Non-Demented Controls as Detected by Surface-Enhanced ... Keywords: Alzheimers Disease; CSF profile; DNA Isolation; Genotype Analysis; SELDI-TOF MS; Serum Amyloid Beta Peptides; ... Results: Aß37, Aß38 and Aß40 were found among additional unidentified Aß peptides, with the most pronounced Aß peak at a ... Background: By using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation- time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDITOF MS) an amyloid ß ...
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/ccp/2008/00000003/00000003/art00001
RCSB PDB - 1IYT: Solution structure of the Alzheimers disease amyloid beta-peptide (1-42)RCSB PDB - 1IYT: Solution structure of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-peptide (1-42)
... are peptides known as amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta), which derive from the proteolitic cleavage of the amyloid precursor ... are peptides known as amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta), which derive from the proteolitic cleavage of the amyloid precursor ... Solution structure of the Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) in an apolar microenvironment. Similarity with a virus fusion ... Solution structure of the Alzheimers disease amyloid beta-peptide (1-42). *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1IYT/pdb ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1IYT
Beta-Amyloid Peptide (1-42), mouse, ratBeta-Amyloid Peptide (1-42), mouse, rat
Amyloid Peptides , Beta-Amyloid Peptides - Mouse,Rat , Beta-Amyloid Peptide (1-42), mouse, rat; ... Peptides , Amyloid Peptides , Beta-Amyloid Peptides - Mouse/Rat ,, Beta-Amyloid Peptide (1-42), mouse, rat. ... 2003). Adult mouse astrocytes degrade amyloid-bold beta in vitro and in situ. Nature Med 9, 453. doi: 10.1038/nm838. Sawamura, ...
https://anaspec.com/products/product.asp?id=30322
GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimers disease amyloid-beta peptidesGSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides
... peptides. Abeta peptides are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by sequential proteolysis, catalysed by the ... Alzheimers disease is associated with increased production and aggregation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) ... Alzheimers disease is associated with increased production and aggregation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. Abeta peptides ... GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimers disease amyloid-beta peptides Nature. 2003 May 22;423(6938):435-9. doi: 10.1038/ ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12761548/?dopt=Abstract
Beta(β) Amyloid Peptides-GenScriptBeta(β) Amyloid Peptides-GenScript
... amyloid peptides to assist your research on neuroscience. ... is proud to manufacture high quality and comprehensive beta(β) ... Beta Amyloid Peptides. Beta-amyloid is a peptide that forms amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimers disease (AD) patients ... Beta amyloid peptide consists of 43 amino acids. It is created via the enzymatic digestion of amyloid precursor protein (APP) ... GenScripts FlexPeptide peptide synthesis platform allows us to synthesize a comprehensive array of human and rat beta amyloid ...
https://www.genscript.com/beta_amyloid_peptide.html?src=leftbar
Zinc Metalloproteinases and Amyloid Beta-Peptide Metabolism: The Positive Side of Proteolysis in Alzheimers DiseaseZinc Metalloproteinases and Amyloid Beta-Peptide Metabolism: The Positive Side of Proteolysis in Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimers disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by an accumulation of toxic amyloid beta- (A. 𝛽. -)peptides ... Zinc Metalloproteinases and Amyloid Beta-Peptide Metabolism: The Positive Side of Proteolysis in Alzheimers Disease. Mallory ... peptides. In addition, other members of the zinc metalloproteinase family can degrade preformed A. 𝛽. -peptides. As such, the ... peptides are produced by aspartyl proteinase-mediated cleavage of the larger amyloid precursor protein (APP). In contrast to ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bri/2011/721463/abs/
MRP14 (S100A9) Protein Interacts with Alzheimer Beta-Amyloid Peptide and Induces Its FibrillizationMRP14 (S100A9) Protein Interacts with Alzheimer Beta-Amyloid Peptide and Induces Its Fibrillization
In this study, we demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 interacts with the A1-40 peptide and promotes the ... This interaction also results in reduced S100A9 cytotoxicity by the binding of S100A9 toxic species to A1-40 amyloid structures ... These results suggest that secretion of S100A9 during inflammation promotes the formation of amyloid plaques. By acting as a ... Amyloid plaques Is the Subject Area "Amyloid plaques" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032953
Cell degeneration induced by amyloid-beta peptides: implications for Alzheimers diseaseCell degeneration induced by amyloid-beta peptides: implications for Alzheimer's disease
... peptide and death of neurons in brain regions involved in learning and memory, particularly the cortex and the hippocampus, are ... Cell degeneration induced by amyloid-beta peptides: implications for Alzheimers disease J Mol Neurosci. 2004;23(1-2):97-104. ... Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide and death of neurons in brain regions involved in learning and ... Abeta might play a role in disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis, and this AD-associated amyloidogenic peptide has been reported to ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15126695/?dopt=Abstract
Human beta-Amyloid Peptide 1-40Human beta-Amyloid Peptide 1-40
... beta-amyloid peptide, alzheimer disease amyloid protein, cerebral vascular amyloid peptide, APP, Amyloid Precursor Protein Ave ... Amyloid Beta (Aβ) peptides are derived from amyloid precursor proteins (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage of APP by ... binding to plate-immobilized Human β-Amyloid Peptide (1-40). ELISA was performed by coating wells with 10 ng of Human β-Amyloid ... binding to plate-immobilized Human β-Amyloid Peptide (1-40). ELISA was performed by coating wells with 10 ng of Human β-Amyloid ...
https://www.biolegend.com/it-it/products/human-beta-amyloid-peptide-1-40-15882
Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state | Journal of NeuroscienceNeurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state | Journal of Neuroscience
... activity relationship for beta-amyloid, aggregation properties of an overlapping series of synthetic beta-amyloid peptides ( ... Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state. CJ Pike, D Burdick, AJ ... Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state ... Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/13/4/1676?ijkey=c980e95c030520d971d304cd9992d939250003a1&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity | Journal...beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity | Journal...
Synthetic beta-amyloid peptides (beta APs) corresponding to amino acids 1-38 or 25-35 of the beta-amyloid protein enhanced ... beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity. MP ... beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity ... beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/12/2/376.long
RCSB PDB - 1IYT: Solution structure of the Alzheimers disease amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) Literature Report PageRCSB PDB - 1IYT: Solution structure of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) Literature Report Page
Solution structure of the Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) in an apolar microenvironment. Similarity with a virus fusion ... Alzheimers disease amyloid A 42 Homo sapiens Fragment: beta-peptide Gene Name(s): APP Gene View A4 AD1 ... Solution structure of the Alzheimers disease amyloid beta-peptide (1-42). *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1iyt/pdb ...
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1IYT
Roles of amyloid beta-peptide-associated oxidative stress and brain protein modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers...Roles of amyloid beta-peptide-associated oxidative stress and brain protein modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's...
Roles of amyloid beta-peptide-associated oxidative stress and brain protein modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers ... the presence of oligomers of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), and synapse loss. In this review we discuss the role of Abeta in the ... Roles of Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Oxidative Stress and Brain Protein Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers ... Roles of Amyloid β-Peptide-Associated Oxidative Stress and Brain Protein Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17664130
Separations | Free Full-Text | Advances and Pitfalls in the Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Aggregates of Beta Amyloid...Separations | Free Full-Text | Advances and Pitfalls in the Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Aggregates of Beta Amyloid...
... peptides. The present paper describes a novel and easy-to-run capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence ... to the separation of Aβ fibrillar aggregates of different sizes and showed that highly concentrated solutions of Aβ peptides ... Alzheimers disease is characterized by the accumulation of brain amyloid plaques composed of aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) ... Advances and Pitfalls in the Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Aggregates of Beta Amyloid Peptides. Luc Denoroy 1,* and ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/5/1/2
Differential effects of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation status on in | EBDifferential effects of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation status on in | EB
The present study examined the relationship between amyloid beta (Aß)-peptide aggregation state and neurotoxicity in vitro ... Differential effects of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation status on in vivo retinal neurotoxicity HR Watts1, PJB Anderson1, D ... Differential effects of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation status on in vivo retinal neurotoxicity. ... Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between amyloid beta (Aβ)-peptide aggregation state and neurotoxicity in ...
https://www.dovepress.com/differential-effects-of-amyloid-beta-peptide-aggregation-status-on-in--peer-reviewed-article-EB
Newswire & Press Release / AnaSpec Highlights Beta-Amyloid 1-42 Peptides - Pharma / BioTech / Nutrition - AnaSpec, Inc. |...Newswire & Press Release / AnaSpec Highlights Beta-Amyloid 1-42 Peptides - Pharma / BioTech / Nutrition - AnaSpec, Inc. |...
HFIP treated β-Amyloid (1-42). ß-Amyloid (Aß) peptides are generated as cleavage products 39 to 43 amino acids in length from ... Our large collection of ß-Amyloid (1-42) peptides includes:. Native sequences - human and mouse/rat sequences (unless otherwise ... Biochemical analysis of the amyloid peptides isolated from AD brain indicates that Aβ (1-42) is the principal species ... hence the name β-amyloid) and a nucleation-dependent aggregation process.4 Aβ peptides that are 39 to 42 amino acid residues in ...
https://www.newswiretoday.com/news/114608/AnaSpec-Highlights-Beta-Amyloid-1-42-Peptides/
How can local environmental conditions influence the secondary structure of an amyloid beta peptide?How can local environmental conditions influence the secondary structure of an amyloid beta peptide?
... ... How can local environmental conditions influence the secondary structure of an amyloid beta peptide? ... How can local environmental conditions influence the secondary structure of an amyloid beta peptide? ... The neurotoxicity of their main components, the amyloid b peptides (Aβs), may be mediated by their direct interaction with the ...
http://www.esrf.eu/home/UsersAndScience/Publications/Highlights/highlights-2014/XRI/XRI11.html
american peptide amyloid beta 1 42 Tutorial | Sophia Learningamerican peptide amyloid beta 1 42 Tutorial | Sophia Learning
Author: creative peptides Description:. Amyloid-β is a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) and forms the ... amyloid plaques which are markers of Alzheimers disease in the brain and are believed to be the culprit in initiating the ...
https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/american-peptide-amyloid-beta-1-42
SYNTHETIC IMMUNOGENIC BUT NON-AMYLOIDOGENIC PEPTIDES HOMOLOGOUS TO AMYLOID BETA FOR INDUCTION OF AN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO AMYLOID...SYNTHETIC IMMUNOGENIC BUT NON-AMYLOIDOGENIC PEPTIDES HOMOLOGOUS TO AMYLOID BETA FOR INDUCTION OF AN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO AMYLOID...
The present invention relates to synthetic immunogenic but non-amyloidogenic peptides homologous to amyloid β which can be used ... BUT NON-AMYLOIDOGENIC PEPTIDES HOMOLOGOUS TO AMYLOID BETA FOR INDUCTION OF AN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO AMYLOID BETA AND AMYLOID ... The alpha-helical to beta-strand transition in the amino-terminal fragment of the amyloid beta-peptide modulates amyloid ... 1. A method for inducing an immune response to amyloid β peptides and amyloid deposits, comprising administering a peptide ...
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0081204.html
Spectroscopic investigations of the beta-amyloid peptideSpectroscopic investigations of the beta-amyloid peptide
... examining the native structures of three different fragments of the beta-amyloid (A[beta]) peptide, and attempting to overcome ... Spectroscopic investigations of the beta-amyloid peptide. URI. https://hdl.handle.net/10355/5668 https://doi.org/10.32469/10355 ... The second part focuses on replacing the counter-ion used in peptide purifications, including the purification of the A[beta] ... which can prove to be particularly problematic for peptides such as A[beta] that are not easily soluble in aqueous solvents.. ...
https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/5668?show=full
Acetylcholinesterase-amyloid-beta-peptide interaction: effect of Congo Red and the role of the Wnt pathway. | Sigma-AldrichAcetylcholinesterase-amyloid-beta-peptide interaction: effect of Congo Red and the role of the Wnt pathway. | Sigma-Aldrich
Acetylcholinesterase-amyloid-beta-peptide interaction: effect of Congo Red and the role of the Wnt pathway.. [Nibaldo C ... Such inhibitors prevent the aggregation of amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta) into Alzheimers fibrils. The incorporation of AChE, as ... Finally, recent studies are consistent with the idea that a attenuating beta-catenin loss of function of Wnt signaling ... which is one of the several proteins associated with amyloid plaque deposits. Recently, novel dual inhibitors of AChE have been ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/15974895
PRIME PubMed | Prediction of Alzheimers disease using a cerebrospinal fluid pattern of C-terminally truncated beta-amyloid...PRIME PubMed | Prediction of Alzheimer's disease using a cerebrospinal fluid pattern of C-terminally truncated beta-amyloid...
Prediction of Alzheimers disease using a cerebrospinal fluid pattern of C-terminally truncated beta-amyloid peptides. Download ... AgedAged, 80 and overAllelesAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesApolipoprotein E4BiomarkersCognition DisordersDisease ... "Prediction of Alzheimers Disease Using a Cerebrospinal Fluid Pattern of C-terminally Truncated Beta-amyloid Peptides." Neuro- ... Prediction of Alzheimers disease using a cerebrospinal fluid pattern of C-terminally truncated beta-amyloid peptides.. ...
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/18309230/Prediction_of_Alzheimer
PRIME PubMed | Icariin inhibits beta-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 induced expression of beta-secretase in rat hippocampusPRIME PubMed | Icariin inhibits beta-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 induced expression of beta-secretase in rat hippocampus
Icariin inhibits beta-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 induced expression of beta-secretase in rat hippocampus. Download Prime ... Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid Precursor Protein SecretasesAmyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorAnimalsFlavonoidsGene ... Icariin Inhibits Beta-amyloid Peptide Segment 25-35 Induced Expression of Beta-secretase in Rat Hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol. ... Icariin inhibits beta-amyloid peptide segment 25-35 induced expression of beta-secretase in rat hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol. ...
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19782061/Icariin_inhibits_beta_amyloid_peptide_segment_25_35_induced_expression_of_beta_secretase_in_rat_hippocampus_
Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Peptide on Blood Vessel Walls in the Damaged Brain after...Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Peptide on Blood Vessel Walls in the Damaged Brain after...
Considering that they have been shown to form ion channels in cells, affecting osmotic balance, we used an Aβ peptide channel ... Therefore, we suggest that Aβ peptide oligomers are responsible for some of the brain damage during stroke and that blockage of ... Congo red staining, which binds only to Aβ oligomer plaques (amyloid), showed that there was no significant presence of plaques ... Aβ peptide accumulates in the brain, concentrating on the blood vessel walls. Because Aβ oligomers are known to induce ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/8/350
PrecursorProteinAbetaFibrilsAntibodiesAggregatesAlzheimer's DiseaseProteinsAccumulationFragmentsFragmentCleavageIntracellularToxicityNeurotoxicSerum Amyloid Beta PeptidesNeuronsBrainOligomers of amyloid beta-peNeuronalDepositsInsolubleCreative-peptidesPlaqueBindsResiduesSequencePathologicalCerebrospinal fluidDirect Peptide Reactivity AssayMass spectrometryAntibodyConcentrationAlzheimer DiseaseELISAProteaseAccumulatesAqueous solutionCerebralHuman AmyloidAssayOxidative stressInhibitionStable isotope labeledPathogenesis
Precursor21
  • it is now well established that Aβ42 is released from cells during normal cellular metabolism of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. (springer.com)
  • Aβ peptides are produced by the proteolytic cleavage of the transmembrane protein amyloid precursor protein (APP) by enzyme complexes a, β and γ-secretases. (news-medical.net)
  • ADAMs family members as amyloid precursor protein α‐secretases. (news-medical.net)
  • 1999). Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein β-secretase from human brain. (news-medical.net)
  • The major components of neuritic plaques found in Alzheimer disease (AD) are peptides known as amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta), which derive from the proteolitic cleavage of the amyloid precursor proteins. (rcsb.org)
  • Abeta peptides are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by sequential proteolysis, catalysed by the aspartyl protease BACE, followed by presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase cleavage. (nih.gov)
  • It is created via the enzymatic digestion of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta secretase and gamma secretase. (genscript.com)
  • Amyloid Beta (Aβ) peptides are derived from amyloid precursor proteins (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretases generating diverse Aβ species. (biolegend.com)
  • Amyloid-β is a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) and forms the amyloid plaques which are markers of Alzheimer's disease in the brain and are believed to be the culprit in initiating the pathological cascade of the disease. (sophia.org)
  • Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR analysis showed that icariin significantly reduced the contents of Abeta(1-40) and the mRNA levels of beta-secretase in the hippocampus and increased the mRNA level of superoxide dismutase-2, but it had no apparent effects on the immunostain and mRNA level of amyloid protein precursor. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Now we know that it is a precursor of amyloid plaques, Amyloid-beta peptide that causes nerve cell death in Alzheimer's patient's brain. (healthcanal.com)
  • The type-II transmembrane extracellular serine protease matriptase was shown to cleave at Arg-102 in the amino-terminal region of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). (springer.com)
  • Based on the activity to mediate Abeta42 uptake by microglial cells, we identified a bioactive antibody that significantly reduced Abeta42 levels in the brains of transgenic mice with neuronal expression of an AD-related mutated amyloid precursor protein. (uzh.ch)
  • DAE FRH DSG YEV HHQ KL) (Amyloid Precursor Protein residues #672-688). (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Beta-Amyloid peptide is a 40- or 42-amino acid fragment of the human Beta-Amyloid Peptide: Precursor Protein (770 amino acids) produced by the proteolytic actions of Beta and Gamma-secretases. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Synthetic peptide (DAE FRH DSG YEV HHQ KL) contained within both the 40- and 42 amino acid versions of the human Beta-Amyloid peptide (Amyloid Precursor Protein residues #672-688). (antibodiesinc.com)
  • These peptides are generated as cleavage products 39 to 43 amino acids in length from the membrane protein, Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by two proteases, ß-secretase and γ-secretase. (biotrend.com)
  • Derived from the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein by proteases known as secretases . (druglead.com)
  • A4 Amyloid Beta 0.5MG Amyloid beta-protein/amyloid A4 or amyloid beta-peptide is derived from the amyloid-beta precursor protein. (gencopeptides.com)
  • Beta-amyloid is a protein fragment snipped from an amyloid precursor protein (APP). (blogspot.com)
  • Amyloid peptides, derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), are thought to play a role in the development of the senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's Disease. (signalchem.com)
Protein27
  • Antisense peptide methodology has identified A beta recognition sequences and may also be applied to the identification of novel A beta protein interactions to identify targets for use in the treatment of AD. (nih.gov)
  • Since GSK-3 also phosphorylates tau protein, the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles, inhibition of GSK-3alpha offers a new approach to reduce the formation of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
  • The progressive neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease has been hypothesized to be mediated, at least in part, by beta-amyloid protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • A relationship between the aggregation state of beta-amyloid protein and its ability to promote degeneration in vitro has been previously suggested. (jneurosci.org)
  • A synthetic peptide derived from a different amyloidogenic protein, islet amyloid polypeptide, exhibited aggregation but not toxicity, suggesting that beta AP-induced neurotoxicity in vitro is not a nonspecific reaction to aggregated protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data are consistent with the hypothesis that beta-amyloid protein contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (jneurosci.org)
  • Synthetic beta-amyloid peptides (beta APs) corresponding to amino acids 1-38 or 25-35 of the beta-amyloid protein enhanced glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cultures, while a peptide with a scrambled sequence was without effect. (jneurosci.org)
  • Roles of amyloid beta-peptide-associated oxidative stress and brain protein modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cogni. (nih.gov)
  • Six-month (400-600 g) Wistar rats were unilaterally injected with amyloid beta-protein fragment 25-35 (Abeta(25-35)) 10 microg (5 g/l, 2 microl) into the right hippocampus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is the major component of senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. (springer.com)
  • Beta amyloid peptide (Abeta42) is internalized via the G-protein-coupled receptor FPRL1 and forms fibrillar aggregates in macrophages. (uniprot.org)
  • These observations, if confirmed by others, suggest that higher intakes of omega-3 fatty acids might reduce the production of the most damaging type of beta-amyloid protein. (fatsoflife.com)
  • An intracellular protein that binds amyloid-beta peptide and mediates neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. (harvard.edu)
  • King M., Nafar F., Clarke J., Mearow, K. (2009) The small heat shock protein Hsp27 protects cortical neurons against the toxic effects of β-amyloid peptide . (rpeptide.com)
  • 2009) Evaluation of β-Alanine- and GABA-Substituted Peptides as Inhibitors of Disease-Linked Protein Aggregation . (rpeptide.com)
  • In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major pathological hallmarks are β-sheet aggregates of β-amyloid peptides in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). (biotrend.com)
  • The coexpression of an engineered aggregation-inhibiting binding protein offers a novel route to the recombinant production of amyloidogenic Aβ peptides that can be advantageously employed to study the molecular basis of AD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • peptides, which form the amyloid plaques, and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein, the main component of neurofibrillary tangles, consistent evidence indicates that the AD brain is characterized by extensive neuroinflammatory processes. (isharonline.org)
  • Beta-amyloid is an extracellular filamentous protein deposit found in the brain. (gencopeptides.com)
  • Amyloid is a general term for protein fragments produced normally by the body. (blogspot.com)
  • After dosing the cells with amyloid-beta peptide, researchers measured dysfunctional levels of protein responsible for transport of amyloid-beta peptide, increased levels of potentially damaging matrix metlloproteinases , and reduced levels of tight junctions, which ensure the blood-brain barrier remains intact. (sciencebeta.com)
  • Aβ (1-15) was used in a study investigating the presence of conformational epitope/s (mimotope/s) on fibrillar amyloid β-protein (1-42). (peptides.de)
  • Besides the amyloid-beta protein (Aβ)-induced metabolic decline and neuronal toxicity in AD, numerous studies have demonstrated that the disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms is one of the common and earliest signs of the disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some scientists believe that beta-amyloid, a sticky, toxic protein fragment that accumulates during progression of the disease, may weaken the blood-brain barrier and allow these cells to pass through it. (alz.org)
  • One amyloid protein is infectious and is called prion in which the infectious form can act as a template to convert other non-infectious proteins into infectious form. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional amyloid in Homo sapiens: Intralumenal domain of melanocyte protein PMEL Peptide/protein hormones stored as amyloids within endocrine secretory granules Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1/3 (RIP1/RIP3) Fragments of prostatic acid phosphatase and semenogelins Functional amyloid in other organisms: Curli fibrils produced by E. coli, Salmonella, and a few other members of the Enterobacteriales (Csg). (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, Bacillus subtilis biofilms involve the TasA protein, which forms functional amyloids maintaining biofilm structure. (wikipedia.org)
Abeta22
  • The amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) can generate cytotoxic oligomers, and their accumulation is thought to underlie the neuropathologic changes found in Alzheimer's disease. (uniprot.org)
  • Alzheimer disease is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) in the brain. (nih.gov)
  • In vitro Abeta may undergo a conformational transition from a soluble form to aggregated, fibrillary beta-sheet structures, which seem to be neurotoxic. (rcsb.org)
  • Conformational studies on these peptides in aqueous solution are complicated by their tendency to aggregate, and only recently NMR structures of Abeta-(1-40) and Abeta-(1-42) have been determined in aqueous trifluoroethanol or in SDS micelles. (rcsb.org)
  • The 3D NMR structure of Abeta-(1-42) shows two helical regions encompassing residues 8-25 and 28-38, connected by a regular type I beta-turn. (rcsb.org)
  • Alzheimer's disease is associated with increased production and aggregation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that therapeutic concentrations of lithium, a GSK-3 inhibitor, block the production of Abeta peptides by interfering with APP cleavage at the gamma-secretase step, but do not inhibit Notch processing. (nih.gov)
  • Importantly, lithium also blocks the accumulation of Abeta peptides in the brains of mice that overproduce APP. (nih.gov)
  • AD is histopathologically characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, the presence of oligomers of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), and synapse loss. (nih.gov)
  • Such inhibitors prevent the aggregation of amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta) into Alzheimer's fibrils. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The incorporation of AChE, as a "chaperone" into amyloid aggregates results in the modification of the biochemical properties of the enzyme, including: sensitivity to low pH, inhibition at high substrate concentration, and increases of the Abeta neurotoxicity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Finally, recent studies are consistent with the idea that a attenuating beta-catenin loss of function of Wnt signaling components may play a role in the progression of neurodegenerative disease, such as AD, providing a connection between AChE-Abeta neurotoxicity and the Wnt signal transduction pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate if the AD-associated Abeta peptide pattern recently found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could discriminate between patients with incipient AD and those with stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by analyzing CSF from patients with MCI at baseline. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • All healthy controls and 20 out of 22 patients who developed AD were correctly classified by their baseline Abeta peptide pattern. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is a key etiology in Alzheimer's disease and targeting on Abeta production and assembly is a new therapeutic strategy. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The mechanisms appear to be due to the decreased production of insoluble fragments of Abeta through suppression of beta-secretase expression. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The accumulation of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is a central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (uzh.ch)
  • Beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides, the major component of senile plaques in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), were found in the low pH organelles (i.e. endosome/lysosome) of cultured neuronal cells. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Accumulation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), a neurotoxic peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, has been detected in brain mitochondria of AD patients and AD transgenic mouse models. (diva-portal.org)
  • Abeta peptides ( Beta Amyloid peptides ) are the main component of amyloid peptide plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. (jpt.com)
  • We supply Abeta peptides of different lengths and point-mutated versions of Abeta 1-42 and Abeta 1-40 which are known to be related to the familial forms of Alzheimer's disease. (jpt.com)
  • Amyloid beta peptides are provided as HFIP-films (HFIP = hexafluoroisopropanol) which removes any unwanted secondary peptide structure and pre-existing oligomeric/polymeric forms in JPT's abeta peptides. (jpt.com)
Fibrils18
  • Calcium increased the aggregation of early forming protofibrillar structures and markedly increased conversion of protofibrils to mature amyloid fibrils. (nih.gov)
  • Using this approach, we directly compared the neurotoxicity of protofibrils and mature amyloid fibrils and demonstrate that both species are inherently toxic to neurons in culture. (nih.gov)
  • B, electron microscopy shows small curvilinear protofibrils form when Aβ is incubated in the absence of calcium and mature amyloid fibrils form when calcium is present. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the convective flow and the enhanced peptide concentration in proximity to the external rim, have been shown to result in self-assembly of β-amyloid fibrils. (esrf.eu)
  • 9. A method for reducing the formation of amyloid fibrils and deposits, comprising administering the molecule of claim 5 to a subject in need thereof. (freepatentsonline.com)
  • Now we have a method, which can be employed to identify the specific hydrogen bonds in Amyloid-beta fibrils and therefore to distinguish between different supramolecular structures of Amyloid-beta fibrils. (healthcanal.com)
  • By examining hydrogen bonds in Amyloid-beta fibrils and oligomers, with the aid of nuclear magnetic resonance, professor Oleg N. Antzutkin and his research team has developed a method that provides a real opportunity to design a terminator or blocker of Amyloid-beta aggregates, before they become the most toxic for nerve cells and cause Alzheimer's disease. (healthcanal.com)
  • Via REAPDOR solid state NMR spectroscopy professor Oleg N. Antzutkin and his group, has succeeded in measuring distances between the magnetic isotopes 15N and 17O in the amino groups and carbonyl groups, respectively, in Amyloid-beta fibrils. (healthcanal.com)
  • Hydrogen Bonding in Alzheimer's Amyloid-beta Fibrils probed by 15N {17O} REAPDOR Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy", Oleg N. Antzutkin, Dinu Iuga, Andrei V. Filippov, Robert T. Kelly, Johanna Becker-Baldus, Steven P. Brown, and Ray Dupree. (healthcanal.com)
  • Electron micrographs of samples prepared at the time for maximum aggregation showed a mixture of an amorphous network and short diffuse fibrils, whereas only mature amyloid fibrils were detected after one day of incubation. (diva-portal.org)
  • Conclusions: The polymerization of A beta is a highly cooperative process in which the formation of very large aggregates precedes the formation of fibrils. (diva-portal.org)
  • Fibrillization of the beta A1-40, quantitatively assessed by the binding of Congo red to amyloid fibrils, also increased in a time dependent manner over the 168 h incubation period studied. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Acidic pH promotes the formation of toxic fibrils from beta-amyloid peptide. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Tõugu V, Karafin A, Zovo K, Chung RS, Howells C, West AK, Palumaa P. (2009) Zn(II)- and Cu(II)-induced non-fibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β (1-42) peptide are transformed to amyloid fibrils, both spontaneously and under the influence of metal chelators . (rpeptide.com)
  • Synthetic peptide that forms fibrils with have the same antigenic and structural features as those of native AD amyloid filaments. (creative-proteomics.com)
  • This sequence encompasses a hydrophobic domain (residues 14�21) and a �-turn (residues 22�28) which place two hydrophobic domains of A� 14 to 21 and 29 to 40/42 opposite each other, allowing for the assembly of A� peptides into fibrils. (peptides.de)
  • The International Society of Amyloidosis classifies amyloid fibrils and their associated diseases based upon associated proteins (for example ATTR is the group of diseases and associated fibrils formed by TTR). (wikipedia.org)
  • GvpA, forming the walls of particular Gas vesicles, i.e. the buoyancy organelles of aquatic archaea and eubacteria Fap fibrils in various species of Pseudomonas Chaplins from Streptomyces coelicolor Spidroin from Trichonephila edulis (spider) (Spider silk) Hydrophobins from Neurospora crassa and other fungi Fungal cell adhesion proteins forming cell surface amyloid regions with greatly increased binding strength Environmental biofilms according to staining with amyloid specific dyes and antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies5
  • GenScript provides blocking peptides for most of our antibodies. (genscript.com)
  • Finally, the beta APs made neurons more vulnerable to neurofibrillary tangle-like antigenic changes induced by EAAs or calcium ionophore (i.e., increased staining with tau and ubiquitin antibodies). (jneurosci.org)
  • The established method employed murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies and was capable of yielding well-reproducible peaks of high intensity with low background signal intensities corresponding to various A beta forms. (diva-portal.org)
  • Beta-Amyloid peptide antibodies were generated against a KLH-conjugated N-terminal sequence contained within both the 40- and 42-amino acid versions of the human Beta-Amyloid peptide (i.e. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • 14. The immunoassay kit of claim 11, wherein the rodent amyloid Peptide in the sample selected from Aβ 1-40 and Aβ 1-42 are captured with solid-phase antibody carriers having said antibodies immobilized thereon. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Aggregates14
  • Using light microscopy, electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation assays, we found that few beta APs assembled into aggregates immediately after solubilization, but that over time peptides containing the highly hydrophobic beta 29-35 region formed stable aggregations. (jneurosci.org)
  • Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of brain amyloid plaques composed of aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. (mdpi.com)
  • This method exhibited semi-quantification capabilities, led to the separation of Aβ fibrillar aggregates of different sizes and showed that highly concentrated solutions of Aβ peptides led to the formation of aggregates of larger size than lower-concentrated solution did. (mdpi.com)
  • Parrot, S. Advances and Pitfalls in the Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Aggregates of Beta Amyloid Peptides. (mdpi.com)
  • When Amyloid-beta, forms small aggregates, oligomers, ie before the peptide clumps together into plaques, it is as most toxic to brain neurons. (healthcanal.com)
  • In this report, polymerization of A beta was studied using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a technique capable of detecting small molecules and large aggregates simultaneously in solution. (diva-portal.org)
  • Results: The polymerization of A beta dissolved in Tris-buffered saline, pH 7.4, occurred above a critical concentration of 50 mu M and proceeded from monomers/dimers into two discrete populations of large aggregates, without any detectable amount of oligomers. (diva-portal.org)
  • The aggregation was reduced when A beta was incubated in the presence of A beta ligands, oligopeptides previously shown to inhibit fibril formation, and aggregates were partly dissociated after the addition of the ligands. (diva-portal.org)
  • Formation of toxic aggregates and plaques consisting of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is a generally acknowledged early event in Alzheimer's Disease. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Sahoo B., Nag S., Sengupta P., Maiti S. (2009) On the Stability of the Soluble Amyloid Aggregates . (rpeptide.com)
  • Oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The deposition/formation of insoluble aggregates, or plaques, of aβ peptides in the brain is considered to be a critical event in the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and thus has the attention of many researchers. (waters.com)
  • The aggregates of Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) peptides are considered as the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. (florajournal.com)
  • Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of 7-13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. (wikipedia.org)
Alzheimer's Disease34
  • Strong evidence links excess production of a small peptide and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (springer.com)
  • Formed through the amyloidogenic pathway, the Aβ peptides misfold and aggregate to create deposits that play a role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Slowing down the production of Aβ peptides to target its accumulation is gaining rapid importance in the effort to slowdown the progression of Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
  • The amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide is a cytotoxic peptide implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
  • Beta-amyloid is a peptide that forms amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. (genscript.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated Aβ peptides in senile plaques and vascular deposits. (biolegend.com)
  • In Alzheimer's disease (AD), abnormal accumulations of beta-amyloid are present in the brain and degenerating neurons exhibit cytoskeletal aberrations (neurofibrillary tangles). (jneurosci.org)
  • Aβ (1-42), a major component of amyloid plaques, accumulates in neurons of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. (newswiretoday.com)
  • Extracellular amyloid plaques are a hallmark material for the study of Alzheimer's disease. (esrf.eu)
  • The 42 amino acid form of beta amyloid (Abeta42) plays a pivotal role in neurotoxicity and the activation of mononuclear phagocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (uniprot.org)
  • Until a few years ago scientists believed that amyloid plaques in the brain directly cause Alzheimer's disease. (healthcanal.com)
  • A deep understanding of the early molecular mechanism of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) is crucial to develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (rsc.org)
  • Background: The accumulation of fibrillar deposits of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) in brain parenchyma and cerebromeningeal blood vessels is a key step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. (diva-portal.org)
  • They assessed the participants' consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and measured the concentrations of two abnormal peptides, amyloid-beta40 and amyloid-beta42, characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, and the aggregation of amyloid-[beta]-peptide (A[beta]) is recognized as one of the prevailing pathology of AD. (umsystem.edu)
  • Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles in particular in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and numerous amyloid plaques containing mostly a dense core of amyloid deposits and defused halos. (google.com)
  • These peptides can be used for the quantitative analyses of b-Amyloid peptides in biological fluids using mass spectrometry (MS). The inclusion of internal heavy isotope labeled peptide standards makes mass spectrometry an absolute quantitation (AQUA) method for the peptide of interest.2 b-Amyloid (1-40) and (1-42) peptides have been used as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (pressreleaseforum.com)
  • Nan-Jie Gong, Russell Dibb, Marjolein Bulk, Louise van der Weerd, Chunlei Liu (2019) Imaging beta amyloid aggregation and iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease using quantitative susceptibility mapping MRI . (rpeptide.com)
  • Beta-Amyloid-positive "neuritic plaque" in cerebral cortex as seen in a post-mortum specimen taken from an Alzheimer's disease patient. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • In the case of Alzheimer's disease, it has been suggested that these extracellular Beta-Amyloid peptide plaques are themselves cytotoxic (rather than simply being markers of brain pathology), and are responsible for the dendritic pruning and other neurodegenerative changes seen. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • JPT provides a broad selection of chemically synthesized amyloid beta peptides for Alzheimer's disease research. (jpt.com)
  • Our group focuses on the in vitro study of risk factors in Alzheimer's disease and, as we experienced that the in-house expression and production of the amyloid beta peptide is notoriously difficult, we are continuously dependent on a high quality supply of a large variety of these peptides from commercial source. (jpt.com)
  • A 39-43 residue peptide deposited into the extracellular amyloid or senile plaques characterizing Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. (druglead.com)
  • in the neurotoxicity of this peptide and the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (isharonline.org)
  • Accumulation of beta-amyloid as plaques between neurons in the brain is a primary pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. (blogspot.com)
  • Reliable, consistent sources of 'artificial' beta-amyloid are essential to scientists researching the role of this peptide in its various forms, in relation to Alzheimer's disease. (blogspot.com)
  • 1. Esler WP, et al: Stereochemical specificity of Alzheimer's disease beta-peptide assembly. (signalchem.com)
  • In Alzheimer's disease , amyloid-beta peptides form a major pathological hallmark, aggregating in the brain and cause neurodegeneration through multiple pathways. (sciencebeta.com)
  • This vascular damage could contribute to Alzheimer's disease related pathology through the reduced clearance of amyloid peptides, but also through the infiltration of foreign components to the brain which can lead to a damaging inflammatory response, progressing neurodegeneration. (sciencebeta.com)
  • Catalpol effects aside, this study's findings of amyloid-beta peptides effects on brain endothelial cells are interesting and reinforce the notion that neurovascular unit dysfunction forms a major aspect of Alzheimer's disease pathology. (sciencebeta.com)
  • The biological fate of amyloid beta (Aβ) species is a fundamental question in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. (rsc.org)
  • Join the Alzheimer's Disease Center and Dr. Carmela Abraham for her exciting presentation, "Is lowering amyloid beta peptide the answer for treating Alzheimer's? (bu.edu)
  • Accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which is a landmark of Alzheimer's disease, may alter astrocyte functions before any visible symptoms of the disease occur. (edu.kz)
  • They will also determine if statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer's disease, may attenuate any effect of beta-amyloid on endothelial cells. (alz.org)
Proteins14
  • In order to target such proteins it is essential to determine which components of these enzymes interact with A beta. (nih.gov)
  • Presenilins also interact with alpha-catenin, beta-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), but a functional role for these proteins in gamma-secretase activity has not been established. (nih.gov)
  • Is the Subject Area "Amyloid proteins" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • The only treatment for AD has been the use of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (E.C. 3.1.1.7), which is one of the several proteins associated with amyloid plaque deposits. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In this article, Nikos Scarmeas and his research group at Columbia University, USA, describe the association between seafood omega-3 consumption and levels of two abnormal amyloid-beta proteins in blood in older adults who did not have symptoms of dementia. (fatsoflife.com)
  • They observed that those with the highest intakes of omega-3 fatty acids had the lowest levels of both amyloid-beta proteins. (fatsoflife.com)
  • However, technical challenges such as the tendency of b-Amyloid (1-40) and (1-42) peptides to self-aggregate, undergo post-translational modifications or bind to other proteins result in inaccuracies in quantitation when using ELISA.1 Oe, et al. (pressreleaseforum.com)
  • Pools of overlapping peptides from antigenic proteins for T-cell stimulation, T-cell expansion in T-cell assays such as ELISPOT, ICS or Flow Cytometry, e.g. for immune monitoring. (jpt.com)
  • Their proprietary platform vector technology enables the recombinant expression of historically difficult peptides/ proteins as soluble peptides/proteins in E. coli . (blogspot.com)
  • They established that catalpol protects brain endothelial cells from amyloid-beta peptide induced damage through a range of proteins which clear amyloid from the brain. (sciencebeta.com)
  • 15 Cross-linking and degradation of the proteins are the two primary outcomes of an oxidative reaction of proteins/peptides. (rsc.org)
  • Pathogenic amyloids form when previously healthy proteins lose their normal structure and physiological functions (misfolding) and form fibrous deposits in plaques around cells which can disrupt the healthy function of tissues and organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amyloids have been known to arise from many different proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • To date, 37 human proteins have been found to form amyloid in pathology and be associated with well-defined diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulation3
  • Martins AH, Zayas-Santiago A, Ferrer-Acosta Y, Martinez-Jimenez SM, Zueva L, Diaz-Garcia A, Inyushin M. Accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Peptide on Blood Vessel Walls in the Damaged Brain after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. (mdpi.com)
  • To better understand the link between NE, chronic stress and aberrant A42 accumulation, we used mice that conditionally overexpress corticotropin releasing factor (CRF OE) to determine if perturbation of the stress-signaling axis would alter A[beta]42 levels or distribution. (drexel.edu)
  • Objectives: We isolated high- and low-density erythrocytes and investigated the accumulation patterns of the Aβ peptides (Aβ 40 , Aβ 42, and Aβ 43 ) in Alzheimer (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). (current-alzheimer-research.com)
Fragments8
  • Catalase and the endoplasmic reticulum A beta binding dehydrogenase (ERAB) are both inhibited by characterized fragments of the A beta peptide. (nih.gov)
  • GenScript's FlexPeptide peptide synthesis platform allows us to synthesize a comprehensive array of human and rat beta amyloid peptide fragments covering stretches of its amino acid sequence. (genscript.com)
  • Further work could help to clarify the role of enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase, and of different lipid systems in the amyloidosis of the analysed peptides and of other Aβ fragments. (esrf.eu)
  • The focus of this project is two-fold: examining the native structures of three different fragments of the beta-amyloid (A[beta]) peptide, and attempting to overcome some of the difficulties encountered in such an examination. (umsystem.edu)
  • In the current study, we have investigated the ability of RAGE peptide (60-76) and five shortened analogs to bind beta-amyloid (Aβ) 1-40 in an fluorescent titration test and show that all the RAGE fragments apart from one [sequence (65-76)] were able to bind Aβ in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, we show that all RAGE fragments apart from the shortest one (60-62), were able to protect neuronal primary cultures from amyloid toxicity, by preventing the caspase 3 activation induced by Aβ 1-42. (frontiersin.org)
  • In order to reveal the protective activity of the chosen RAGE fragments in vitro , in the current research we have also investigated whether the RAGE peptides were able to reduce the amyloid-induced toxicity in Aβ 1-42-treated primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes derived from hippocampal and cortical areas of rats' brains. (frontiersin.org)
  • The degraded fragments were identified using SDS-Page gels, and validated via nanoLC-MS/MS. A tentative mechanism for the degradation was proposed and validated with model peptides. (rsc.org)
Fragment6
  • Importantly, the γ-secretase can later cleave the C83 membrane fragment to generate a C terminal fragment (CTF) and a short fragment known as P3 peptide. (news-medical.net)
  • The Aβ peptide is released through consecutive cleavage of the C99 N-terminal fragment by γ-secretase (between residues 38 and 43). (news-medical.net)
  • Beta-amyloid production results from cleavage in the extracellular domain of APP by the beta-secretase (BACE1) , which results in the production of the APP C-terminal fragment C99. (abbiotec.com)
  • This fragment is further cleaved by the gamma-secretase at residues 40-42 to produce beta-amyloid 40 and 42 peptides. (abbiotec.com)
  • This peptide amino acids 1 to 17 is a modified fragment of the b-amyloid peptide, with cysteine substituted for valine at position 17. (mobitec.com)
  • To identify the conditions under which the RAGE fragment develops its protective activity, we have investigated whether peptide (60-76) and its shortened analogs bind Aβ in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
Cleavage6
  • APP cleavage occurs through two distinct pathways - the amyloidogenic pathway generates neurotoxic Aβ peptides and the non-amyloidogenic pathway provides beneficial neurotrophic effects, as shown in figure 1. (news-medical.net)
  • Of note, the α-secretase promotes the cleavage of APP within the Aβ domain which thus prevents the production of Aβ peptides. (news-medical.net)
  • Aβ denotes peptides of 36-43 amino acids generated from cleavage of APP by secretases. (biolegend.com)
  • In this study we determined matriptase cleavage sites in the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide region of APP (Asp-597 to Ala-638 in the APP695 isoform). (springer.com)
  • In this study we confirmed these matriptase cleavage sites using a synthetic human Aβ1-42 peptide and the serine protease domain of human matriptase. (springer.com)
  • (B) Besides γ-byproducts from the two main product lines (green and red) including a hexapeptide resulting from direct cleavage of Aβ49 to Aβ43, multiple additional minor peptides have been identified suggesting multiple product line crossings. (cell-stress.com)
Intracellular4
  • We now report on experiments in human cerebral cortical cell cultures that tested the hypothesis that beta-amyloid can destabilize neuronal calcium regulation and render neurons more vulnerable to environmental stimuli that elevate intracellular calcium levels. (jneurosci.org)
  • The beta APs also rendered neurons more vulnerable to calcium ionophore neurotoxicity, indicating that beta APs compromised the ability of the neurons to reduce intracellular calcium levels to normal limits. (jneurosci.org)
  • Direct measurements of intracellular calcium levels demonstrated that beta APs elevated rest levels of calcium and enhanced calcium responses to EAAs and calcium ionophore. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recently this definition has come into question as some classic, amyloid species have been observed in distinctly intracellular locations. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity6
  • Alpha-helix targeting reduces amyloid-beta peptide toxicity. (uniprot.org)
  • In short-term neuronal cultures, toxicity was associated specifically with those beta APs that also exhibited significant aggregation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Further, upon the partial reversal of beta 1-42 aggregation, a concomitant loss of toxicity was observed. (jneurosci.org)
  • Study of the toxicity and binding of the amyloid Beta peptide to neutrons, in the absence of presence of the different apo E isoforms. (ugent.be)
  • The effects of beta A1-40 on a PC12 cell toxicity assay was dependent upon the time of preincubation of an aqueous solution of the peptide before application to the cells. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Krishtal Jekaterina, Metsla Kristel, Bragina Olga, Tõugu Vello, Palumaa Peep (2019) Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptides Varies Depending on Differentiation Route of SH-SY5Y Cells. . (rpeptide.com)
Neurotoxic5
  • The amyloidogenic pathway promotes the generation of neurotoxic Aβ peptides. (news-medical.net)
  • However, Aβ 1-42 is believed to be the more neurotoxic form of Aβ peptides because the two additional amino acids have a greater tendency to misfold and aggregate 11 . (news-medical.net)
  • To evaluate this hypothesis and to define a structure- activity relationship for beta-amyloid, aggregation properties of an overlapping series of synthetic beta-amyloid peptides (beta APs) were investigated and compared with beta AP neurotoxic properties in vitro. (jneurosci.org)
  • Roles for beta-amyloid in the neuronal degeneration of AD have been suggested based on recent data obtained in rodent studies demonstrating neurotoxic actions of beta- amyloid. (jneurosci.org)
  • Aggregation state and neurotoxic properties of Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide. (semanticscholar.org)
Serum Amyloid Beta Peptides1
Neurons7
  • Some forms of the aggregated peptides are toxic to neurons. (biolegend.com)
  • However, the cellular mechanism of action of beta-amyloid is unknown, and there is no direct information concerning the biological activity of beta-amyloid in human neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Taken together, these data suggest that beta-amyloid destabilizes neuronal calcium homeostasis and thereby renders neurons more vulnerable to environmental insults. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thanks to these new results, there is a successful method avaliable - for analysis of structure of Amyloid-beta peptides in their most toxic form, that is, when they are most dangerous for the brain neurons. (healthcanal.com)
  • Moreover, these two mechanisms cooperatively provide the mutant neurons with resistance against amyloid-beta oligomers, and might singularly also contribute to protect these mice against amyloid-beta pathology. (pasteur.fr)
  • To investigate the subcellular relationship between NE and A[beta], neuroanatomical studies were conducted in the locus coeruleus (LC)- medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway to determine the distribution of endogenous monomeric A[beta]42 peptides with respect to NE neurons. (drexel.edu)
  • We report here that physiologically relevant Aβ 1-42 concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 nM induced an increase of the period length in human skin fibroblasts, human A172 glioma cells as well as in mouse primary neurons whereas the reverse control peptide Aβ 42-1 , which is devoid of toxic action, did not influence the circadian period length within the same concentration range. (frontiersin.org)
Brain16
  • This occurred at levels 20-fold below the calcium concentration in the extracellular space of the brain, the site at which amyloid plaque deposition occurs. (nih.gov)
  • The high extracellular concentration of calcium in the brain, together with impaired intraneuronal calcium regulation in the aging brain and Alzheimer disease, may play an important role in the onset of amyloid-related pathology. (nih.gov)
  • It is well known that amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are generated in blood vessels, released into the brain during thrombosis, and temporarily accumulate in this organ after injury. (mdpi.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), one of the standard models of focal ischemic stroke, Aβ peptide accumulates in the brain, concentrating on the blood vessel walls. (mdpi.com)
  • Therefore, we suggest that Aβ peptide oligomers are responsible for some of the brain damage during stroke and that blockage of the ion channels that they form could be beneficial in treating this complex neurological syndrome. (mdpi.com)
  • Since the activity of our brain is greatest in the regions responsible for short-term memory, there most of the amyloid plaques were found. (healthcanal.com)
  • In this paper, we report a simplified and detailed protocol for robust immunoprecipitation of A beta in brain tissue prior to mass spectrometric detection exemplified by a study using transgenic mice. (diva-portal.org)
  • Chaitanya Chakravarthi Gali, Elham Fanaee-Danesh, Martina Zandl-Lang (2019) Amyloid-beta impairs insulin signaling by accelerating autophagy-lysosomal degradation of LRP-1 and IR-β in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in vitro and in 3XTg-AD mice . (rpeptide.com)
  • Ben Shackleton, Charis Ringland, Laila Abdullah, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford , Corbin Bachmeier ( (2019) Influence of Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 on Beta-Amyloid Elimination Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. . (rpeptide.com)
  • We demonstrated that peptide (60-76) binds amyloid plaques in Tg-5xFAD mice brain slices and Aβ 1-40 trimer in low SDS electrophoresis. (frontiersin.org)
  • WO2006066049A2 ] The invention provides improved agents and methods for treatment of diseases associated with amyloid deposits of Aß in the brain of a patient. (epo.org)
  • The group created a blood-brain barrier in the lab and used amyloid-beta peptide to induce damage before treating the cells with catalpol. (sciencebeta.com)
  • This forms part of a 'dual hit' hypothesis where neurovascular dysfunction either instigates or exacerbates the build-up of amyloid plaques and other Alzheimer's hallmarks from the brain. (sciencebeta.com)
  • By treating with catalpol , the researchers established rescue of all of the dysfunctional processes described above, as well as a reduced level of leakage of amyloid-beta peptide through the blood-brain barrier. (sciencebeta.com)
  • The research findings from this study reinforce previous evidence that amyloid-beta peptides damage brain endothelial cells and the processes crucial to clearance of amyloid-beta peptides. (sciencebeta.com)
  • James Lee, Ph.D., and colleagues plan to examine what role beta-amyloid plays in the movement of these immune cells, or monocytes, into the brain. (alz.org)
Oligomers of amyloid beta-pe1
  • However, the molecular structure of these tiny oligomers of Amyloid-beta peptide, is yet unknown today. (healthcanal.com)
Neuronal6
  • The correlation between beta AP aggregation and neurotoxicity was also observed in long-term neuronal cultures but not in astrocyte cultures. (jneurosci.org)
  • beta APs alone had no effect on neuronal survival during a 4 d exposure period. (jneurosci.org)
  • The effects of beta APs on excitatory amino acid (EAA)-induced neuronal degeneration were concentration dependent and required prolonged (days) exposures. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2009) Poria cocos water extract (PCW) protects PC1 2 neuronal cells from beta-amyloid-induced cell death through antioxidant and antiapoptotic functions . (rpeptide.com)
  • 2009) Examination of potential mechanisms of amyloid-induced defects in neuronal transport . (rpeptide.com)
  • The amyloid hypothesis presupposes that flaws in the processing of APP result in abnormally high levels of the longer, "stickier" forms of beta amyloid, known as Abeta42 and Abeta43, leading to aggregation of amyloid in the neuronal cell death and ultimately neuronal death. (signalchem.com)
Deposits5
  • The present invention relates to synthetic immunogenic but non-amyloidogenic peptides homologous to amyloid β which can be used alone or conjugated to an immunostimulatory molecule in an immunizing composition for inducing an immune response to amyloid β peptides and amyloid deposits. (freepatentsonline.com)
  • Ran C, Xu X, Raymond SB, Ferrara BJ, Neal K, Bacskai BJ, Medarova Z, Moore A. (2009) Design, synthesis, and testing of difluoroboron-derivatized curcumins as near-infrared probes for in vivo detection of amyloid-beta deposits . (rpeptide.com)
  • 2. Roher AE, et al: beta-Amyloid-(1-42) is a major component of cerebrovascular amyloid deposits: implications for the pathology of Alzheimer disease. (signalchem.com)
  • For a period, the scientific community debated whether or not amyloid deposits are fatty deposits or carbohydrate deposits until it was finally found (in 1859) that they are, in fact, deposits of albumoid proteinaceous material. (wikipedia.org)
  • These deposits often recruit various sugars and other components such as Serum Amyloid P component, resulting in complex, and sometimes inhomogeneous structures. (wikipedia.org)
Insoluble3
  • Both forms of Beta-Amyloid peptide are rather insoluble and tend to self-aggregate into distinctive extracellular "plaques. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Beta-Amyloid (Aß) peptides assemble into long, insoluble ordered fibers and are deposited extracellularly in tissue amyloidosis. (biotrend.com)
  • The main component of the amyloid plaque is insoluble Aβ1-42 (Aβ42), which adopts a structure rich in antiparallel β-pleated sheets. (eurekaselect.com)
Creative-peptides4
Plaque4
  • Both isoforms bound synthetic beta/A4 peptide, the primary constituent of the plaque and angiopathy, forming a complex that resisted dissociation by boiling in SDS. (pnas.org)
  • However, it seems to be that Amyloid plaque are rather a residual of something worse. (healthcanal.com)
  • Beta-amyloid aggregation and neuritic plaque formation are pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. (abbiotec.com)
  • Recent studies demonstrated that α-1 anti-chymotrypsin, a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family is also involved in the amyloid plaque. (eurekaselect.com)
Binds3
  • Congo red staining, which binds only to Aβ oligomer plaques (amyloid), showed that there was no significant presence of plaques. (mdpi.com)
  • Beta-amyloid is a highly hydrophobic peptide and binds non-specifically to impurities like heavy metals, which are not detectable on HPLC or Mass Spec, but could alter the biological properties of the peptide. (blogspot.com)
  • The third peptide, beta AP-(25-35)NH2, also binds to the lipid membrane but was found to adopt an essentially random-coil structure, both with and without lipids. (unibas.ch)
Residues6
  • A small percentage of Aβ peptides contain 42 residues (Aβ 1-42), while most of them contain 40 residues in length (Aβ 1-40). (news-medical.net)
  • Binding of beta/A4 peptide was saturable at 10(-4) M peptide and required residues 12-28. (pnas.org)
  • 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the peptide comprises an N-terminal, C-terminal, or both N- and C-terminal, polylysine or polyaspartate sequence of 4-10 residues. (freepatentsonline.com)
  • Hens were immunized with a synthetic peptide (corresponding to DAE FRH DSG YEV HHQ KL, residues #1-17 of the amyloid beta-peptide) coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Aßs are amphiphilic peptides with a hydrophilic N-terminal domain (residues 1 to 28) and a hydrophobic C-terminal (residues 29 to 40), the latter corresponding to a part of the transmembrane domain of APP. (biotrend.com)
  • All of the peptides that enhance aggregation contained either residues 17 to 20 or 30 to 35, indicating the importance of these regions for promoting aggregation of full-length A�. (peptides.de)
Sequence3
  • We revisited the Aβ/copper relationship taking into account sequence heterogeneity of this family of peptides. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Sequence, pI and molecular weight (MW) information for these peptides is shown in Figure 1. (waters.com)
  • Sequence, MW and pI information for amyloid β peptides. (waters.com)
Pathological1
  • Many examples of non-pathological amyloid with a well-defined physiological role have been identified in various organisms, including human. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid1
  • Background: By using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation- time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDITOF MS) an amyloid ß (Aß) profile was shown in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with dementia. (ingentaconnect.com)
Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay1
  • Cosmetic Peptides such as Lysine and Cysteine Peptide are used for DPRA (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay) for Skin Sensitization Testing. (jpt.com)
Mass spectrometry3
  • The human Aβ1-42 peptide can be cleaved by the matriptase serine protease domain, at Arg-5, Lys-16, and Lys-28, as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (springer.com)
  • Nicklas Österlund, Rani Moons, Leopold L. Ilag, Frank Sobott, Astrid Gräslund (2019) Native Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Formation of β-Barrel Shaped Amyloid-β Hexamers in a Membrane-Mimicking Environment . (rpeptide.com)
  • Peptide sets and pools, as well as assay standardization kits are available with stable isotope labeled or unlabeled proteotypic peptides for mass-spectrometry based proteomics such as MRM assays. (jpt.com)
Antibody2
  • 16. A molecule comprising the antigen-binding portion of an antibody raised against the peptide of claim 10 . (freepatentsonline.com)
  • Peptide microarrays that display overlapping peptide scans through antigens from infectious organisms or tumor associated antigens for antibody or serum profiling. (jpt.com)
Concentration5
  • The third part highlights an attempt to improve upon current methods of peptide concentration estimation. (umsystem.edu)
  • Many experimental measurements require an accurate estimate of peptide concentration, which can prove to be particularly problematic for peptides such as A[beta] that are not easily soluble in aqueous solvents. (umsystem.edu)
  • Bimolecular nucleation appears to occur at low peptide concentration while above the critical micellar concentration, the nucleation takes place more efficiently in the micelles. (rsc.org)
  • 2009) Amyloid seeds formed by cellular uptake, concentration, and aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide . (rpeptide.com)
  • Addition of lipid vesicles containing negatively charged lipids shifts the random-coilbeta-sheet equilibrium almost completely toward beta-sheet structure, which can be explained by the specific conditions created at the membrane surface: the cationic peptides are attracted to the negatively charged membrane, and the increase in peptide concentration together with the partial alignment of the peptide molecules then facilitates beta-sheet formation. (unibas.ch)
Alzheimer Disease2
  • Binding of beta/A4 peptide by oxidized apoE may determine the sequestration or targeting of either apoE or beta/A4 peptide, and isoform-specific differences in apoE binding or oxidation may be involved in the pathogenesis of the intra- and extracellular lesions of Alzheimer disease. (pnas.org)
  • 2009) DNA beta-amyloid(1-42) trimer immunization for Alzheimer disease in a wild-type mouse model . (rpeptide.com)
ELISA4
  • ELISA was performed by coating wells with 10 ng of Human β-Amyloid Peptide (1-40). (biolegend.com)
  • Validated in Direct ELISA as coating peptide. (biolegend.com)
  • Historically, ELISA assays have been used in the quantitation of these peptides. (pressreleaseforum.com)
  • Historically, quantification of aβ peptides in biological fluids has relied mainly on the use of immunoassays, such as ELISA. (waters.com)
Protease1
  • A recombinant human matriptase protease domain was used to cleave a synthetic human Aβ1-42 peptide. (springer.com)
Accumulates1
  • Introduction: We recently showed that amyloid beta (Aβ) 40 accumulates in erythrocytes and possibly causes cell damage as evidenced from an increased number of assumed injured low-density (kg/L) erythrocytes. (current-alzheimer-research.com)
Aqueous solution1
  • 8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (c) the peptide pool is dissolved in an aqueous solution comprising acetic acid. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Cerebral1
  • Mutations within Aβ are associated with familial AD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
Human Amyloid1
  • The synthetic Amyloid beta 40 Peptide (DAEFRHDSGY EVHHQKLVFF AEDVGSNKGA IIGLMVGGVV) is derived from human amyloid beta (amino acid 1-40). (signalchem.com)
Assay2
  • These assays are time consuming and expensive to develop, labor intensive, are subject to cross reactivity and an individual assay is required for each peptide. (waters.com)
  • The use of a single, high throughput assay for multiple aβ peptides- without time consuming immunoprecipitation steps was developed and validated. (waters.com)
Oxidative stress1
  • In the present study, both laser light treatment and soybean isoflavones treatment showed the ability to suppress A[beta]-induced oxidative stress and inflammation response. (umsystem.edu)
Inhibition3
  • 2009) Inhibition of beta-amyloid(1-40) Peptide Aggregation and Neurotoxicity by Citrate . (rpeptide.com)
  • The inhibition of the viability of rat hippocampal cells by the preliminarily aggregated peptides down to 20±2.5% of control was proved. (florajournal.com)
  • Yoichi Matsunaga and Tatsuo Yamada, " Hydrolytic Activity of Amyloid-beta and its Inhibition with Short Peptides", Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents (2005) 5: 165. (eurekaselect.com)
Stable isotope labeled1
  • ClearPointTM peptides are AnaSpec's trademark collection of heavy or stable isotope labeled peptides and amino acids. (pressreleaseforum.com)
Pathogenesis2
  • Mitochondrial amyloid-beta peptide: Pathogenesis or late-phase development? (elsevier.com)
  • Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Mitochondrial amyloid-beta peptide: Pathogenesis or late-phase development? (elsevier.com)