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Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphism AnalysisPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA FingerprintingPolymorphism, GeneticDNA, BacterialBacterial Typing TechniquesGenotypeMolecular Sequence DataSequence Analysis, DNADNA, RibosomalRNA, Ribosomal, 16SBase SequencePhylogenyDNA, Ribosomal SpacerPolymorphism, Single NucleotideGenetic VariationAllelesPolymorphism, Single-Stranded ConformationalDeoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-SpecificGene FrequencyDNA PrimersMolecular EpidemiologyDNA Transposable ElementsSpecies SpecificitySerotypingCluster AnalysisGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenes, BacterialGenetic MarkersGenes, rRNAMycobacterium tuberculosisElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMinisatellite RepeatsChromosome MappingRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueDNA ProbesCampylobacter jejuniCampylobacter InfectionsBlotting, SouthernBacteriaDNA, FungalMutationMycobacteriumRNA, Ribosomal, 23SSoil MicrobiologyCase-Control StudiesHaplotypesHeterozygoteBacterial ProteinsDNA, ProtozoanEnvironmental MicrobiologyEcosystemNucleic Acid HybridizationMycological Typing TechniquesSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidAsian Continental Ancestry GroupRNA, Ribosomal, 18SGenetic LinkagePhenotypeClostridium botulinum type ARNA, BacterialChaperoninsRestriction MappingRickettsiaCryptosporidiumPoint MutationChaperonin 60DNA Restriction EnzymesExonsDNAPedigreeChinaFlagellinJapanHeterozygote DetectionCodonCampylobacterTuberculosisTicksAmino Acid SequenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 17ArcobacterDNA Mutational AnalysisCloning, MolecularChromosome DeletionMycobacterium InfectionsRibotypingDisease OutbreaksElectrophoresis, Agar GelCattleRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidPlant DiseasesEvaluation Studies as TopicRNA, RibosomalDeoxyribonuclease EcoRIGenes, p53DNA, NeoplasmSymbiosisWater Microbiology
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restriction fragments.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
DNA, Ribosomal
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Alleles
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
Variation in a population's DNA sequence that is detected by determining alterations in the conformation of denatured DNA fragments. Denatured DNA fragments are allowed to renature under conditions that prevent the formation of double-stranded DNA and allow secondary structure to form in single stranded fragments. These fragments are then run through polyacrylamide gels to detect variations in the secondary structure that is manifested as an alteration in migration through the gels.
Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
Enzyme systems containing a single subunit and requiring only magnesium for endonucleolytic activity. The corresponding modification methylases are separate enzymes. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave either within, or at a short specific distance from, the recognition sequence to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.4.
Gene Frequency
The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Molecular Epidemiology
The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Serotyping
Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.
Cluster Analysis
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Genetic Markers
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
Genes, rRNA
Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.
Minisatellite Repeats
Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.
Chromosome Mapping
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.
DNA Probes
Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
Campylobacter jejuni
A species of bacteria that resemble small tightly coiled spirals. Its organisms are known to cause abortion in sheep and fever and enteritis in man and may be associated with enteric diseases of calves, lambs, and other animals.
Campylobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.
Blotting, Southern
A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
DNA, Fungal
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Mycobacterium
A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Soil Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Haplotypes
The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.
Heterozygote
An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
DNA, Protozoan
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.
Environmental Microbiology
The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Mycological Typing Techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Genetic Linkage
The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Clostridium botulinum type A
Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Chaperonins
A family of multisubunit protein complexes that form into large cylindrical structures which bind to and encapsulate non-native proteins. Chaperonins utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to enhance the efficiency of PROTEIN FOLDING reactions and thereby help proteins reach their functional conformation. The family of chaperonins is split into GROUP I CHAPERONINS, and GROUP II CHAPERONINS, with each group having its own repertoire of protein subunits and subcellular preferences.
Restriction Mapping
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
Rickettsia
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer. The natural cycle of its organisms generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host. Species of the genus are the etiological agents of human diseases, such as typhus.
Cryptosporidium
A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium of many vertebrates including humans.
Point Mutation
A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.
Chaperonin 60
A group I chaperonin protein that forms the barrel-like structure of the chaperonin complex. It is an oligomeric protein with a distinctive structure of fourteen subunits, arranged in two rings of seven subunits each. The protein was originally studied in BACTERIA where it is commonly referred to as GroEL protein.
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Exons
The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Pedigree
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
China
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Flagellin
A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.
Japan
Heterozygote Detection
Identification of genetic carriers for a given trait.
Codon
A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).
Campylobacter
A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals and man. Some species are pathogenic.
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.
Ticks
Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
Arcobacter
A genus of gram-negative, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacteria isolated from water and associated with diarrhea in humans and animals.
DNA Mutational Analysis
Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.
Ribotyping
RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains.
Disease Outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Plant Diseases
Diseases of plants.
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.
RNA, Ribosomal
The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI
One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence G/AATTC at the slash. EcoRI is from E coliRY13. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.
Genes, p53
Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.
DNA, Neoplasm
DNA present in neoplastic tissue.
Symbiosis
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
Water Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Genes, ras
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.
DNA, Mitochondrial
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.
Peptide Fragments
Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.
Food Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Seawater
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Borrelia burgdorferi Group
Gram-negative helical bacteria, in the genus BORRELIA, that are the etiologic agents of LYME DISEASE. The group comprises many specific species including Borrelia afzelii, Borellia garinii, and BORRELIA BURGDORFERI proper. These spirochetes are generally transmitted by several species of ixodid ticks.
Geologic Sediments
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
Genetic Association Studies
The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease.
Deoxyribonuclease HindIII
One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence A/AGCTT at the slash. HindIII is from Haemophilus influenzae R(d). Numerous isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.
Fresh Water
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
Cattle Diseases
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Risk Factors
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Mycobacterium bovis
The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.
Drug Resistance, Microbial
The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Enterococcus faecium
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one original template.
Oligonucleotide Probes
Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.
Fabaceae
The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
DNA, Viral
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Sputum
Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.
Homozygote
An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Bacteriological Techniques
Techniques used in studying bacteria.
Virulence
The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.
Deoxyribonuclease HpaII
One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequences C/CGG and GGC/C at the slash. HpaII is from Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Electrophoresis, Capillary
A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Rhizobium
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.
Linkage Disequilibrium
Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
DNA, Plant
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.
Microsatellite Repeats
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).
Molecular Typing
Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Antigens, Bacterial
Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Helicobacter pylori
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
Genes
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Genetics, Population
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
Korea
Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
Crosses, Genetic
Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.
Introns
Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
European Continental Ancestry Group
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)
A flavoprotein amine oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.171.
India
Geography
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Recombination, Genetic
Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.
X Chromosome
The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.
Belgium
Base Composition
The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.
Turkey
Genes, Plant
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
DNA, Intergenic
Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions.
Gene Amplification
A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Models, Genetic
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Brazil
Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active and often referred to as "jumping genes". There are two classes of interspersed repetitive elements. Class I elements (or RETROELEMENTS - such as retrotransposons, retroviruses, LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS) transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Class II elements (or DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS - such as transposons, Tn elements, insertion sequence elements and mobile gene cassettes of bacterial integrons) transpose directly from one site in the DNA to another.
Soil
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
Ascomycota
A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.
Length of Stay
The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.
Staphylococcus aureus
Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

The distribution of genetic diversity in a Brassica oleracea gene bank collection related to the effects on diversity of regeneration, as measured with AFLPs. (1/563)

The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources in gene banks involves the selection of accessions to be conserved and the maintenance of these accessions for current and future users. Decisions concerning both these issues require knowledge about the distribution of genetic diversity within and between accessions sampled from the gene pool, but also about the changes in variation of these samples as a result of regenerations. These issues were studied in an existing gene bank collection of a cross-pollinating crop using a selection of groups of very similar Dutch white cabbage accessions, and additional groups of reference material representing the Dutch, and the global white cabbage gene pool. Six accessions were sampled both before and after a standard regeneration. 30 plants of each of 50 accessions plus 6 regeneration populations included in the study were characterised with AFLPs, using scores for 103 polymorphic bands. It was shown that the genetic changes as a result of standard gene bank regenerations, as measured by AFLPs, are of a comparable magnitude as the differences between some of the more similar accessions. The observed changes are mainly due to highly significant changes in allele frequencies for a few fragments, whereas for the majority of fragments the alleles occur in similar frequencies before and after regeneration. It is argued that, given the changes of accessions over generations, accessions that display similar levels of differentiation may be combined safely.  (+info)

Use of AFLP for differentiation of Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains for postharvest disease biological control. (2/563)

Metschnikowia pulcherrima occurs naturally on fruits, buds and floral parts of apple trees. Some strains are effective as biocontrol agents against postharvest decay of apples and other fruits. The usefulness of the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was evaluated for the genetic analysis of 26 strains of M. pulcherrima, isolated from different sources in different geographical regions. With six AFLP primer pairs, 729 polymorphic bands were scored. The technique showed a high discriminatory power. Genetic relationships between strains were also estimated using AFLP. All the isolates from the carposphere of apple, previously tested as biocontrol agents, were grouped in a single cluster with a high bootstrap value (97), indicating robustness and reproducibility. AFLP patterns could clearly distinguish the different strains and research is in progress to use some putative specific bands for single tag sequence (STS) conversion to develop isolate-specific markers.  (+info)

Body size evolution simultaneously creates and collapses species boundaries in a clade of scincid lizards. (3/563)

Speciation is generally viewed as an irreversible process, although habitat alterations can erase reproductive barriers if divergence between ecologically differentiated species is recent. Reversed speciation might also occur if geographical contact is established between species that have evolved the same reproductive isolating barrier in parallel. Here, we demonstrate a loss of intrinsic reproductive isolation in a clade of scincid lizards as a result of parallel body size evolution, which has allowed for gene flow where large-bodied lineages are in secondary contact. An mtDNA phylogeny confirms the monophyly of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex, but rejects that of two size-differentiated ecomorphs. Mate compatibility experiments show that the high degree of body size divergence imposes a strong reproductive barrier between the two morphs; however, the strength of the barrier is greatly diminished between parallel-evolved forms. Since two large-bodied lineages are in geographical contact in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, we were also able to test for postzygotic isolation under natural conditions. Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms show that extensive gene exchange is occurring across the contact zone, resulting in an overall pattern consistent with isolation by distance. These results provide evidence of reversed speciation between clades that diverged from a common ancestor more than 12Myr ago.  (+info)

Genome scan to detect genetic structure and adaptive genes of natural populations of Cryptomeria japonica. (4/563)

We investigated 29 natural populations of Cryptomeria japonica using 148 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers to elucidate their genetic structure and identify candidate adaptive genes of this species. In accordance with the inferred evolutionary history of the species during and after the last glacial episode, the genetic diversity was higher in western populations than in northern populations. The results of phylogenetic and genetic structure analyses suggest that populations of the two main varieties of the species have clearly diverged from each other and that two of the examined loci are strongly associated with the differentiation between the two varieties. Using a coalescent simulation based on F(ST) and H(e) values, we detected five genes that had higher, and two that had lower, values than the respective 99% confidence intervals (C.I.s) that are theoretically expected intervals under a neutral infinite-island model. We also detected 13 outlier loci using a coalescent simulation based on the assumption that the 2 varieties originated from the splitting of an ancestral population. Four of these loci were detected by both methods, two of which were detected in a genetic structure analysis as loci associated with differentiation between the two varieties of the species, and are strong candidates for genes that have been subject to selection.  (+info)

A linkage map reveals a complex basis for segregation distortion in an interpopulation cross in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. (5/563)

We report the construction of a linkage map for the moss Ceratodon purpureus (n = 13), based on a cross between geographically distant populations, and provide the first experimental confirmation of maternal chloroplast inheritance in bryophytes. From a mapping population of 288 recombinant haploid gametophytes, genotyped at 121 polymorphic AFLP loci, three gene-based nuclear loci, one chloroplast marker, and sex, we resolved 15 linkage groups resulting in a map length of approximately 730 cM. We estimate that the map covers more than three-quarters of the C. purpureus genome. Approximately 35% of the loci were sex linked, not including those in recombining pseudoautosomal regions. Nearly 45% of the loci exhibited significant segregation distortion (alpha = 0.05). Several pairs of unlinked distorted loci showed significant deviations from multiplicative genotypic frequencies, suggesting that distortion arises from genetic interactions among loci. The distorted autosomal loci all exhibited an excess of the maternal allele, suggesting that these interactions may involve nuclear-cytoplasmic factors. The sex ratio of the progeny was significantly male biased, and the pattern of nonrandom associations among loci indicates that this results from interactions between the sex chromosomes. These results suggest that even in interpopulation crosses, multiple mechanisms act to influence segregation ratios.  (+info)

Targeted transcript mapping for agronomic traits in potato. (6/563)

A combination of cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify genes co-segregating with earliness of tuberization in a diploid potato population. This approach identified 37 transcript-derived fragments with a polymorphic segregation pattern between early and late tuberizing bulks. Most of the identified transcripts mapped to chromosomes 5 (19 markers) and 12 (eight markers) of the paternal map. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of tuberization time also identified earliness QTLs on these two chromosomes. A potato bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with four of the markers linked to the main QTL. BAC contigs containing the markers showing the highest association with the trait have been identified. One of these contigs has been anchored to chromosome 5 on an ultradense genetic map of potato, which could be used as a starting point for map-based cloning of genes associated with earliness.  (+info)

An assessment of the genetic diversity within Ganoderma strains with AFLP and ITS PCR-RFLP. (7/563)

Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most important medicinal materials and plant pathogens. Because of its specific interhybridization, the genetic background, however, is relatively unclear. It made identification of Ganoderma strains, especially closely related strains difficulty. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) using 14 primer combinations and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) PCR-RFLP were used in a comparative study which was designed to investigate the closely related Ganoderma strains genetic relations at molecular level. The analysis of 37 Ganoderma strains showed there were 177 polymorphic AFLP markers and 12 ITS PCR-RFLP markers, and all accessions could be uniquely identified. Among the Ganoderma accessions, similarity coefficients ranged from 0.07692 to 0.99194 in AFLP. The Ganoderma strains formed a tight cluster in nine groups in AFLP whereas seven groups in ITS PCR-RFLP. The cluster analysis revealed that the taxonomical system of subgenus Ganoderma is composed of Sect. Ganoderma and Sect. Phaeonema, and the strain 22 should be a variant form of strain 21. All methods delineated the Ganoderma strains from the different regions seeming to show a greater level of genetic diversity. It indicated that the genotype study at molecular level is a useful complement method to the current classification system of Ganoderma strains based on morphological traits. The congruency of the experiments was analyzed using the biostatistical software DPS V3.01.  (+info)

A large Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Pamplona, Spain: early detection, rapid control and no case fatality. (8/563)

An outbreak of Legionnaire's disease was detected in Pamplona, Spain, on 1 June 2006. Patients with pneumonia were tested to detect Legionella pneumophila antigen in urine (Binax Now; Binax Inc., Scarborough, ME, USA), and all 146 confirmed cases were interviewed. The outbreak was related to district 2 (22 012 inhabitants), where 45% of the cases lived and 50% had visited; 5% lived in neighbouring districts. The highest incidence was found in the resident population of district 2 (3/1000 inhabitants), section 2 (14/1000). All 31 cooling towers of district 2 were analysed. L. pneumophila antigen (Binax Now) was detected in four towers, which were closed on 2 June. Only the strain isolated in a tower situated in section 2 of district 2 matched all five clinical isolates, as assessed by mAb and two genotyping methods, AFLP and PFGE. Eight days after closing the towers, new cases ceased appearing. Early detection and rapid coordinated medical and environmental actions permitted immediate control of the outbreak and probably contributed to the null case fatality.  (+info)

AFLP analysis of changes in population genetic diversity and structure in forage legume germplasm grown in contrasting...AFLP analysis of changes in population genetic diversity and structure in forage legume germplasm grown in contrasting...
We used AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers to analyse changes in population genetic differentiation (genetic shift) over time in red and white clover germplasm, and to assess the effect of contrasting sites (Iceland, Sweden and the UK) on the magnitude of these changes. The AFLP technique successfully identified populations in which genetic shift had occurred. The clearest evidence of this was in Sweden within the short time span of three years. This site showed the greatest annual amplitude in temperature duringthe experiment and was also the driest, and one or both of these factors may have exerted strong directional selective pressure on the populations grown there ...
http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/handle/2160/6841
Eukaryotic transcriptomics in silico: Optimizing cDNA-AFLP efficiency | Springer for Research & DevelopmentEukaryotic transcriptomics in silico: Optimizing cDNA-AFLP efficiency | Springer for Research & Development
Background Complementary-DNA based amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) is a commonly used tool for assessing the genetic regulation of traits through the correlation of trait expression...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2164-10-565
Gibco AFLP kitGibco AFLP kit
We have been using the AFLP system I kit from Gibco/BRL and need additional primer combinations to use on our samples. In order to synthesize these primers (which Gibco does not sell) we need the sequence of what Gibco calls Primer E and Primer M. Is this something that anyone can provide? Thanks, Martha ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1997-March/055576.html
2015 3 Bridge Fiasco - h2oshots2015 3 Bridge Fiasco - h2oshots
A partial gallery of selects from the 2015 SSS 3 Bridge Fiasco...If you would like to see additional frames please contact! www.pressure-drop for full report and to add your own insights!
https://www.h2oshots.com/2015-Sailing/2015-3-Bridge-Fiasco/i-smQSFFm/
Post here when you get your Free Figure From the Frosta Forearm Fiasco - Page 19Post here when you get your Free Figure From the Frosta Forearm Fiasco - Page 19
Mer-Man 228 Sy-Klone 41 Stratos 162 Buzz-Off 52 Frosta 1 I know that its a little early, but I thought that there should be a thread were we post what we got as our Frosta Forearm Fiasco
http://www.he-man.org/forums/boards/showthread.php?233326-Post-here-when-you-get-your-Free-Figure-From-the-Frosta-Forearm-Fiasco&p=3181136&viewfull=1
Post here when you get your Free Figure From the Frosta Forearm Fiasco - Page 18Post here when you get your Free Figure From the Frosta Forearm Fiasco - Page 18
Mer-Man 228 Sy-Klone 41 Stratos 162 Buzz-Off 52 Frosta 1 I know that its a little early, but I thought that there should be a thread were we post what we got as our Frosta Forearm Fiasco
http://www.he-man.org/forums/boards/showthread.php?233326-Post-here-when-you-get-your-Free-Figure-From-the-Frosta-Forearm-Fiasco/page18
T-Mobile To Offer Swag To Shafted Cliq XT UsersT-Mobile To Offer Swag To Shafted Cliq XT Users
With many Cliq XT users threatening to walk after Motorolas Eclair update fiasco, T-Mobile is feeling quite sympathetic. In an effort to prevent more
https://www.androidpolice.com/2011/02/09/t-mobile-to-offer-swag-to-shafted-cliq-xt-users/
Molecular characterization of papaya genotypes using AFLP markersMolecular characterization of papaya genotypes using AFLP markers
OLIVEIRA, Eder Jorge de et al. Molecular characterization of papaya genotypes using AFLP markers. Rev. Bras. Frutic. [online]. 2011, vol.33, n.3, pp.849-858. ISSN 0100-2945. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000300020.. Due to the low genetic variability reported in the commercial plantations of papaya (Carica papaya L.), the objective of this study was analyze the genetic diversity of 32 genotypes including cultivars, landraces, inbred lines, and improved germplasm using the AFLP technique (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). The genetic distance matrix was obtained using the Nei and Li genetic distance and clustering was performed using the unweighted pair-method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Using 11 combinations of EcoRI/MseI primers, 383 polymorphic bands were obtained. On average, 34.8 polymorphic bands were obtained per primer combination. Five clusters were formed. The traditional cultivar Sunrise and the inbred line CMF-L30-08 were the closest genotypes, and the improved ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0100-29452011000300020&lng=en&nrm=iso
DIGITAL.CSIC: Amplified fragment length polymorphism as a tool for molecular characterization of almond germplasm: genetic...DIGITAL.CSIC: Amplified fragment length polymorphism as a tool for molecular characterization of almond germplasm: genetic...
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints and molecular characterization. Our objectives were to: estimate genetic similarities (GS), marker indices, and polymorphic information contents (PICs) for AFLP markers in almond cultivars; assess the genetic diversity of almond cultivars and wild species, using GS estimated from AFLP fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression and cultivar improvement. The genetic diversity of 45 almond cultivars from Iran, Europe, and America, were studied assaying 19 primer combinations. In addition, several agronomic traits were evaluated, including flowering and maturity times, self-incompatibility, and kernel and fruit properties. Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic. GS ranged from 0.5 to 0.96, marker indices ranged from 51.37 to 78.79, and PICs ranged from 0.56 ...
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/18356
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of samples fr | Open-iPrincipal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of samples fr | Open-i
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of samples from ground and flight mice.Flight mice data points clustered relatively tightly within the bottom right qu
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4470690_pone.0125792.g003&req=4
Identification Of AFLP markers associated with round heart syndrome in Turkeys<...Identification Of AFLP markers associated with round heart syndrome in Turkeys<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Identification Of AFLP markers associated with round heart syndrome in Turkeys. AU - Paxton, C. N.. AU - Pierpont, M. E.. AU - Kooyman, D. L.. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to identify 38 genetic markers that associate with either phenotypically normal or round heart turkeys, diagnosed by gross necropsy, from an inbred flock of Nicholas broad-breasted birds. Sixty-five polymorphisms were identified and analyzed by chi-square. A p-value of less than 0.05 determined markers that were kept and sequenced. Thirty-eight markers were identified, 19 that associated with the normal phenotype and 19 that associated with the round heart syndrome. The majority of the markers had a high A/T content, suggesting possible regulatory domains in which polymorphisms were occurring. Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) primers were designed from marker sequences with the hopes of designing a simple Marker Assisted Selection ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/identification-of-aflp-markers-associated-with-round-heart-syndro
Fiasco - Bully Pulpit Games | Fiasco | RPGNow.comFiasco - Bully Pulpit Games | Fiasco | RPGNow.com
Fiasco - As seen on Wil Wheatons show Tabletop! Fiasco is an award-winning GM-less game for 3-5 players, designed to be played
http://www.rpgnow.com/product/78548/Fiasco?src=s_pi
Infrared, Raman and temperature-dependent NMR spectra, vibrational assignments, normal coordinate analysis, and DFT...Infrared, Raman and temperature-dependent NMR spectra, vibrational assignments, normal coordinate analysis, and DFT...
Dive into the research topics of Infrared, Raman and temperature-dependent NMR spectra, vibrational assignments, normal coordinate analysis, and DFT calculations of benzoxazoline-2-thione. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/infrared-raman-and-temperature-dependent-nmr-spectra-vibrational-/fingerprints/
DI-fusion Data from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)...DI-fusion Data from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)...
DI-fusion, le Dépôt institutionnel numérique de lULB, est loutil de référencementde la production scientifique de lULB.Linterface de recherche DI-fusion permet de consulter les publications des chercheurs de lULB et les thèses qui y ont été défendues.
http://difusion.ulb.ac.be/vufind/Record/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/182290/Details
PCOORD BackgroundPCOORD Background
PCOORD (Principal Coordinate Analysis) is a procedure to find meaningful patterns in sequence data with no a priori knowledge about them. The procedure attempts to summarize the variation in the sequences in a limited number of axes or dimensions. A dimension is basically a combination of positions in a sequence that behave similarly (for example, position 133 usually has an A when position 250 has a G). One way to describe the process of finding these dimensions is as follows. If we have a two-dimensional swarm of data points, then we need two dimensions (the X and Y axis) to describe the variation in our data. However, if the swarm is very elongated and the points almost lie on a straight line, then we really need only one dimension, although we use two. PCOORD uses a mathematical method to find the best way to describe a multi-dimensional dataset in a smaller number of dimensions, which are linear combinations of the original dimensions. The dimensions are not necessarily biologically ...
https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/PCOORD/pcoord-background.html
Difference between revisions of Quint Lab:Publications - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of Quint Lab:Publications - OpenWetWare
Dussle CM, Quint M, Xu ML, Melchinger AE, Lübberstedt T (2003) Saturation of two chromosome regions conferring resistance to SCMV with SSR and AFLP markers by targeted BSA. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12589549?ordinalpos=10&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106: 485-493].,br ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=Quint_Lab:Publications&diff=658476&oldid=518166
Quantum-Chemistry-Centered Normal Coordinate Analysis (QCC-NCA): Application of NCA for the Simulation of the Vibrational...Quantum-Chemistry-Centered Normal Coordinate Analysis (QCC-NCA): Application of NCA for the Simulation of the Vibrational...
Wiley Online Library is migrating to a new platform powered by Atypon, the leading provider of scholarly publishing platforms. The new Wiley Online Library will be migrated over the weekend of February 24 and 25 and will be live on February 26, 2018. For more information, please visit our migration page:http://www.wileyactual.com/WOLMigration ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470862106.ia605/full
AFLP Protocols, Related Technical Documents, 4300 ManualsAFLP Protocols, Related Technical Documents, 4300 Manuals
AFLP protocol using IRDye infrared fluorescent dyes for large plant genome analysis. Manuals for 4300 DNA Analyzer and 4300 DNA Analysis system Brochure
https://www.licor.com/bio/applications/aflp/troubleshooting.html
The Lupe Fiasco Show : I Might Get Shut Down For This, But Its a Risk Im Willing To Take For You GuysThe Lupe Fiasco Show : I Might Get Shut Down For This, But Its a Risk Im Willing To Take For You Guys
READ THIS Farewell Letter from a Blogger who was forced to shut down his site... Well as you know all good things must come to an end. Tod ...
http://lupethefiasco.blogspot.com/2007/06/i-might-get-shut-down-for-this-but-its.html
700 Point Aggregate | Beyond The Trigger700 Point Aggregate | Beyond The Trigger
Where do I start with this class? I basically waited for a little over two years for Larry Vickers to come back down to my area with a class that would aligned with my schedule. I think ever since the Alias Training company fiasco, a lot of my training plans were out the window. But […]. ...
http://beyondthetrigger.com/tag/700-point-aggregate/
Evaluation of genetic diversity in Omani banana cultivars (Musa cvs.) using AFLP markers<...Evaluation of genetic diversity in Omani banana cultivars (Musa cvs.) using AFLP markers<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evaluation of genetic diversity in Omani banana cultivars (Musa cvs.) using AFLP markers. AU - Al-Saady, Nadiya A.. AU - Al-Lawati, Abbas H.. AU - Al-Subhi, Ali M.. AU - Khan, Akhtar J.. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity among eighteen banana cultivars collected from Al-Batinah, Al-Dhakhliya and Dhofar regions of the Sultanate of Oman using AFLP markers. Eleven AFLP primer combinations were used to develop banana DNA fingerprints. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis yielded three distinct taxa. Banana cultivars, Bahri, Omani, Maisori Fardh, Sokari and Zanzibar from Al-Dhakhliya region grouped in cluster 1, whereas cultivars from Dhofar, Dwarf spotted Cavendish, Somali, Abubaker Philipino, Maisori Fardh, Milk Banana, Plantain Kenya and Sawara Red grouped in cluster 2 and Williams, Somali, Malindi, Red Banana, Maisori Fardh and Nagal cultivars from Al-Batinah region grouped in ...
https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/evaluation-of-genetic-diversity-in-omani-banana-cultivars-musa-cv
International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry - validation of generic status of different taxa in the sub-tribe...International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry - validation of generic status of different taxa in the sub-tribe...
  Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. (sens. lat.) into three distinct genera namely, Chamaecrista Moench.,Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. (sens.str.).  Eighteen representatives of the three taxa were characterized using the molecular markers. 25 RAPD, six ISSR primers and six AFLP primer combinations resulted in the amplification of 612, 115 and 622 bands (loci), respectively. Most of the loci are found to be polymorphic, showing high degrees of genetic diversity among the different taxa studied. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of the RAPD, ISSR and AFLP data using the SHAN clustering, divided Cassia L. (sens. lat.) into three different clusters as Chamaecrista Moench., Senna P. Mill. and Cassia L. (sens.str.). High bootstrap value revealed that all
http://academicjournals.org/journal/IJPPB/article-abstract/AB1283A319
Genetic diversity and identification of variety-specific AFLP markers in fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) |...Genetic diversity and identification of variety-specific AFLP markers in fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) |...
found. Phylogenetic trees among 5 plant varieties were constructed based on Neis coefficient standard genetic distances using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method. For RAPD and AFLP analysis, Gujarat Methi-1 (GM-1) and Gujarat Methi-2 (GM-2) clustered together showed more similarities than other varieties. In fenugreek, RAPD markers were found more polymorphic than AFLP markers. RAPD markers also showed more diversity in comparison to AFLP markers, although the data generated for AFLP markers were more authenticated and reproducible than RAPD markers.. Key words: AFLP, RAPD, genetic diversity, automated genetic analyzer, polymorphism.. ...
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/101241
Genome-wide identification of differentially expressed genes under water deficit stress in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L...Genome-wide identification of differentially expressed genes under water deficit stress in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L...
Cotton is the worlds primary fiber crop and is a major agricultural commodity in over 30 countries. Like many other global commodities, sustainable cotton production is challenged by restricted natural resources. In response to the anticipated increase of agricultural water demand, a major research direction involves developing crops that use less water or that use water more efficiently. In this study, our objective was to identify differentially expressed genes in response to water deficit stress in cotton. A global expression analysis using cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism was conducted to compare root and leaf gene expression profiles from a putative drought resistant cotton cultivar grown under water deficit stressed and well watered field conditions. We identified a total of 519 differentially expressed transcript derived fragments. Of these, 147 transcript derived fragment sequences were functionally annotated according to their gene ontology. Nearly 70 percent of transcript derived
https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2229-12-90
Scientists Discover Jackfruit To Be A Powerful Cancer Killer - Healthy Food ResourcesScientists Discover Jackfruit To Be A Powerful Cancer Killer - Healthy Food Resources
If you have ever seen a jackfruit, you will know that it is a massive fruit. Usually found at specialty or Asian grocery stores, jackfruits are the largest tree-borne fruits in the world. Each jackfruit can weight between 6-40 pounds. Some people get jackfruit and durian mixed up, but the jackfruit is much more palatable and grows much bigger. It has also been known to be a powerful cancer killer.. The jackfruit has lots of seeds inside, but the fruit is mainly composed of healthy starch and protein. In addition to being rich in healthy flavonoids, jackfruit has plenty of vitamin C, which is a powerful antioxidant that nourishes cells in the body. Each bulb of the fruit, which is made of sweet yellow flesh, is replete with a group of B-complex vitamins.. How Does Jackfruit Kill Cancer Cells?. As mentioned in the paragraph above, jackfruit contains a lot essential nutrients that benefit the entire body. Additionally, jackfruit has saponins, isoflavones, and lignans, which are phytonutrients that ...
http://healthyfoodresources.com/2017/05/01/jackfruit-powerful-healing-properties-need-asap/
mngimise vistlus singapuris: Topics by Science.govmngimise vistlus singapuris: Topics by Science.gov
Genetic Diversity in Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla and some of their natural hybrids using AFLP Markers.. PubMed. Ude, G.; Pillay, M.; Nwakanma, D.; Tenkouano, A.. 2002-06-01. Genetic diversity and relationships were assessed in 28 accessions of Musa acuminata (AA) Colla and Musa balbisiana (BB) Colla, and some of their natural hybrids, using the amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) technique. Fifteen AFLP +3 primer pairs produced 527 polymorphic bands among the accessions. Neighbor-joining and principal co-ordinate (PCO) analyses using Jaccards similarity coefficient produced four major clusters that closely corresponded with the genome composition of the accessions (AA, BB, AAB and ABB). The AFLP data distinguished between the wild diploid accessions and suggested new subspecies relationships in the M. acuminata complex that are different from those based on morphological data. The data suggested that there are three subspecies within the M. acuminata complex (ssp. ...
https://www.science.gov/topicpages/m/mngimise+vistlus+singapuris.html
Population Genetic Diversity in the Australian Seascape: A Bioregion ApproachPopulation Genetic Diversity in the Australian Seascape: A Bioregion Approach
Genetic diversity within species may promote resilience to environmental change, yet little is known about how such variation is distributed at broad geographic scales. Here we develop a novel Bayesian methodology to analyse multi-species genetic diversity data in order to identify regions of high or low genetic diversity. We apply this method to co-distributed taxa from Australian marine waters. We extracted published summary statistics of population genetic diversity from 118 studies of 101 species and | 1000 populations from the Australian marine economic zone. We analysed these data using two approaches: a linear mixed model for standardised data, and a mixed beta-regression for unstandardised data, within a Bayesian framework. Our beta-regression approach performed better than models using standardised data, based on posterior predictive tests. The best model included region (Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia (IMCRA) bioregions), latitude and latitude squared. Removing
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0136275
Health Benefits of JackfruitHealth Benefits of Jackfruit
Jackfruit is an aromatic, fleshy fruit celebrated for its delicious taste. But many people who enjoy eating jackfruit do so finally unaware of its many health benefits. Jackfruit is a tree species belong to the mulberry family. Jackfruit is very sweet and tasty, while the jackfruit is opened, you will find the bright yellow pods (when ripe) which can be eaten raw or cooked. When immature its flesh is green, and it can be made into a delicious vegetable dish. Jackfruit has a lot of health benefits ...
http://aganaktismenoi-volos.blogspot.com/2012/01/health-benefits-of-jackfruit.html
Isolation and genetic diversity of endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) populations | Biology LettersIsolation and genetic diversity of endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) populations | Biology Letters
Genomic DNA was extracted from 25 mg of tissue, collected from 67 C. taurus from the eastern and western Australian coasts and South Africa (figure 1), using a QIAmp Tissue Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). AFLP typing of 65 individuals (table 1) involved digestion of 200-400 ng of genomic DNA with the restriction enzymes MseI and EcoRI and generation of profiles using 12 different primer pairs in the final (selective) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each primer pair combination had a total of three selective nucleotides on the EcoRI primer (GAC TGC GTA CCA ATT C+ACT, AGT, ATC or AAC) and four selective nucleotides on the MseI primer (GAT GAG TCC TGA GTA A+CAAC, CTGC, CAGC or CTTC). A total of 235 polymorphic AFLP loci were scored. Allele frequencies were estimated with a Bayesian method, assuming a non-uniform prior distribution of allele frequencies (AFLP-SURV v. 1.0; Vekemans 2002). The same software calculated expected heterozygosity (He), pairwise Fst (significance assessed by 1000 ...
http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/2/308
Jackfruit for weight loss, cancer, high blood pressure, skin disease, sleeplessness, ulcer, anxiety and loss of memory |...Jackfruit for weight loss, cancer, high blood pressure, skin disease, sleeplessness, ulcer, anxiety and loss of memory |...
Jackfruit is a popular fruit in India though it is not abundantly available in all parts of India. Jackfruit is widely grown in Kerala. You can find Jackfruit trees in almost all parts of Kerala. As it is abundantly found in Kerala people do not...
https://hubpages.com/food/Jack-fruit-for-weight-loss-high-blood-pressure-skin-disease-high-blood-pressure-cancer
Amplified fragment lenght polymorphism (AFLP™) analysis at BCCM/LMG | BCCM Belgian Coordinated Collections of MicroorganismsAmplified fragment lenght polymorphism (AFLP™) analysis at BCCM/LMG | BCCM Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP™) is a PCR based DNA fingerprinting technique that generates band profiles via the selective amplification of restriction fragments of whole genomic DNA. The method can be used both for identification and typing.
http://bccm.belspo.be/services/amplified-fragment-lenght-polymorphism-aflp-analysis-bccmlmg
Jackfruit Health Benefits, Uses, Side Effects and Allergic ReactionsJackfruit Health Benefits, Uses, Side Effects and Allergic Reactions
Medicinal advantages of jackfruit nutrition are improving glucose tolerance in both type-2 and normal diabetes patients. Nutrients present are dietary fiber and 155 calories.
http://www.diethealthclub.com/health-food/jackfruit.html
Jackfruit review | 70 facts in comparisonJackfruit review | 70 facts in comparison
Top ⭐ 70 reasons for Jackfruit: 1. More proteins per 100g: 1.72 2. Less cholesterol per 100g: 0 3. Smaller amount of sugars per 100g: 19.08 4. More lipids per 100g: 0.64
https://versus.com/en/jackfruit
Nutrition Details For 1 Cup, Sliced (165g) Of Jackfruit RawNutrition Details For 1 Cup, Sliced (165g) Of Jackfruit Raw
Nutrition Details For 1 Cup, Sliced (165g) Of Jackfruit Raw - Get a bar chart of the top 10 nutrients, and click to see an expanded list of over 151 nutrients, including amino acids.
https://www.healthaliciousness.com/nutritionfacts/nutrition-facts.php?idn=09144&s=165.000
Olympic guards fiasco boss Nick Buckles to quit...Olympic guards fiasco boss Nick Buckles to quit...
THE boss behind the -security fiasco at last years London Olympics struck gold yesterday after scooping £16million by quitting his job. | The Indigenous Uprising of the British Isles
https://www.scoop.it/t/the-indigenous-uprising-of-the-british-isles/p/4002039826/2013/05/22/olympic-guards-fiasco-boss-nick-buckles-to-quit-with-16m
Fiasco Lyrics MayflyFiasco Lyrics Mayfly
Mayfly - Fiasco Lyrics. We dont need the devil To tell us its okay Cause we mocked the straight and narrow And chose our own way So we are to blame All these th
http://www.songlyrics.com/mayfly/fiasco-lyrics/
Lupe Fiasco - Mission lyrics | LyricsMode.comLupe Fiasco - Mission lyrics | LyricsMode.com
1 explanation to Mission lyrics by Lupe Fiasco: [Intro] / (Charlie Wilson): Whats up, this is Charlie Wilson, a.k.a. your uncle Charlie.
http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/l/lupe_fiasco/mission.html
House Speaker Calls for Resignation Over VC Summer Debacle | wltx.comHouse Speaker Calls for Resignation Over VC Summer Debacle | wltx.com
Jay Lucas says Dukes Scott should resign in the wake of the fiasco that led to the shutting down of the VC Summer reactors construction. 
http://www.wltx.com/news/local/top-lawmaker-wants-official-to-resign-over-vc-summer-debacle/466798299
Forrest Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode Is Bigenic: Saturati by K. Meksem, P. Pantazopoulos et al.Forrest Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode Is Bigenic: Saturati by K. Meksem, P. Pantazopoulos et al.
Field resistance to cyst nematode (SCN) race 3 (Heterodera glycines I.) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv Forrest is conditioned by two QTLs: the underlying genes are presumed to include Rhg1 on linkage group G and Rhg4 on linkage group A2. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and two populations of near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from a cross of Forrest × Essex were used to map the loci affecting resistance to SCN. Bulked segregant analysis, with 512 AFLP primer combinations and microsatellite markers, produced a high-density genetic map for the intervals carrying Rhg1 and Rhg4. The two QTLs involved in resistance to SCN were strongly associated with the AFLP marker EATGMCGA87 (P = 0.0001, R2 = 24.5%) on linkage group G, and the AFLP marker ECCGMAAC405 (P = 0.0001, R2 = 26.2%) on linkage group A2. Two-way analysis of variance showed epistasic interaction (P = 0.0001, R2 =16%) between the two loci controlling SCN resistance in Essex × Forrest recombinant inbred lines. Considering
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub/774/
Amplified fragment length polymorphism based identification of genetic markers and novel PCR assay for differentiation of...Amplified fragment length polymorphism based identification of genetic markers and novel PCR assay for differentiation of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Amplified fragment length polymorphism based identification of genetic markers and novel PCR assay for differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. AU - van Bergen, M.A.P.. AU - Simons, G.. AU - van der Graaf-van Bloois, L.. AU - van Putten, J.P.. AU - Rombout, J.. AU - Wesley, I.. AU - Wagenaar, J.A.. PY - 2005. Y1 - 2005. N2 - Differentiation of Campylobacter fetus into C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) is important for both clinical and economic reasons. In the past, several molecular typing methods have been used for differentiation, including amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In this study, AFLP was employed to identify C. fetus subspecies specific markers that can serve as a basis for design of novel PCR primer sets for Cfv. Four groups of C. fetus strains with different phenotypic or genotypic traits were examined by AFLP using 22 different DdeI/MboI primer combinations. Specific AFLP fragments were deduced and sequenced ...
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/amplified-fragment-length-polymorphism-based-identification-of-ge
Assessing Genetic Diversity in Iranian Native Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Strains and Japanese Commercial Lines Using AFLP MarkersAssessing Genetic Diversity in Iranian Native Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Strains and Japanese Commercial Lines Using AFLP Markers
Three Iranian native strains and three Japanese commercial lines of the silkworm Bombyx mori were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A set of ten PstI/TaqI primer combinations amplified a total of 322 bands out of which 251 (%78) were polymorphic. Estimates of Neis gene diversity for all loci in individual strains and commercial lines indicated a higher degree of genetic similarity within Japanese commercial lines than the Iranian native strains. The highest and the least degree of gene diversity were related to the Khorasan Orange strain (h=0.1812) and P107 commercial line (h=0.0804), respectively. The dendrogran constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmitic average based on nais genetic distance revealed two distinct groups as Khorasan native and Japanese commercial lines. The distinct clustering of these two sets of strains and lines reflects differences of the geographical origin and morphological, qualitative and quantitative traits
http://www.ijbiotech.com/article_7027.html
A genetic map of maritime pine based on AFLP, RAPD and protein markers, UNCG NC DOCKS (North Carolina Digital Online Collection...A genetic map of maritime pine based on AFLP, RAPD and protein markers, UNCG NC DOCKS (North Carolina Digital Online Collection...
Abstract: The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique was adapted to carry out genetic analysis in maritime pine, a species characterized by a large genome size (24 pg/C). A genetic linkage map was constructed for one F1 individual based on 239 AFLP and 127 RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Markers were scored on megagametophytes (1n) from 200 germinated F2 seedlings. Polymorphism rate, labour time and cost of both AFLP and RAPD techniques were compared. The AFLP technique was found to be twice as fast and three-times less costly per marker than the RAPD technique. Thirteen linkage groups were identified with a LOD score =6 covering 1873 cM, which provided 93.4% of genome coverage. Proteins were extracted from needles (2n) of the F2 progeny and revealed by 2-DE (two-dimensional electrophoresis). Thirty one segregating proteins were mapped using a QTL detection strategy based on the quantification of protein accumulation. Two framework maps of the same F1 ...
http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/listing.aspx?id=26646
Frontiers | Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana |...Frontiers | Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana |...
This study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of a panel of Candida africana strains recovered from vaginal samples in different countries. All fungal strains were heterozygous at the mating type-like locus and belonged to the genotype A of Candida albicans. Moreover, all examined C. africana strains lack N-acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the HXK1 gene showed a distinctive polymorphism that impair the utilization of this aminosugar in this yeast.Multilocus sequencing of seven housekeeping genes revealed a substantial genetic homogeneity among the strains, except for the CaMPIb and VPS13 loci which contributed significantly to the classification of our set of C. africana strains into 6 existing diploid sequence types. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint analysis yielded greater genotypic heterogeneity among the C. africana strains. Overall the data reported here show that in C. africana genetic diversity occurs and the existence of this intriguing
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00556/full
Restriction fragment length polymorphism Synonyms, Restriction fragment length polymorphism Antonyms | Thesaurus.comRestriction fragment length polymorphism Synonyms, Restriction fragment length polymorphism Antonyms | Thesaurus.com
Synonyms for restriction fragment length polymorphism at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions. Dictionary and Word of the Day.
http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/restriction%20fragment%20length%20polymorphism
ANÁLISIS PRELIMINAR DE LA VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DE ESCALLONIA ALPINA Y E. RUBRA (ESCALLONIACEAE) | Darwiniana, nueva...ANÁLISIS PRELIMINAR DE LA VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DE ESCALLONIA ALPINA Y E. RUBRA (ESCALLONIACEAE) | Darwiniana, nueva...
Anderson, G. J.; G. Bernardello, T. F. Stuessy & D. J. Crawford. 2001. Breeding system and pollination of selected plants endemic to Juan Fernández Islands. American Journal of Botany 88: 220-233. Arrigo, N.; J. W. Tuszynski, D. Ehrich, T. Gerdes & N. Álvarez. 2009. Evaluating the impact of scoring parameters on the structure of intra-specific genetic variation using RawGeno, an R package for automating AFLP scoring. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 33. de Queiroz, K. 2007. Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology 56: 879-886. Doyle, J. J. & J. L. Doyle. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11-15. Ehrich, D. 2006. AFLPDAT: a collection of R functions for convenient handling of AFLP data. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 603-604. Excoffier, L. & H. E. L. Lischer. 2010. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources 10: ...
http://www.ojs.darwin.edu.ar/index.php/darwiniana/article/view/555
Publication : USDA ARSPublication : USDA ARS
Interpretive Summary: One of the top-selling international medicinal products is Hypericum perforatum (St. Johns Wort). Despite its worldwide distribution and utilization, little is known regarding the relationship of the bioactive compounds in H. perforatum to the plants from which they are harvested. In this study, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 56 Hypericum accessions, representing 11 species, was conducted to gain a better understanding of diversity within Hypericum species, especially within cultivated accessions of H. perforatum, and to establish a molecular method that will provide breeders and regulators with a simple, affordable, and accurate tool with which to identify H. perforatum material in commercial products. AFLP analysis is a whole-genome approach that has broad applicability in determining genetic variability within and among plant populations, crop origins, and relationships among cultivars. AFLP markers are highly repeatable, provide broad genomic ...
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=212897
A novel linkage map of sugarcane with evidence for clustering of retrotransposon-based markers | BMC Genetics | Full TextA novel linkage map of sugarcane with evidence for clustering of retrotransposon-based markers | BMC Genetics | Full Text
The development of sugarcane as a sustainable crop has unlimited applications. The crop is one of the most economically viable for renewable energy production, and CO2 balance. Linkage maps are valuable tools for understanding genetic and genomic organization, particularly in sugarcane due to its complex polyploid genome of multispecific origins. The overall objective of our study was to construct a novel sugarcane linkage map, compiling AFLP and EST-SSR markers, and to generate data on the distribution of markers anchored to sequences of scIvana_1, a complete sugarcane transposable element, and member of the Copia superfamily. The mapping population parents (IAC66-6 and TUC71-7) contributed equally to polymorphisms, independent of marker type, and generated markers that were distributed into nearly the same number of co-segregation groups (or CGs). Bi-parentally inherited alleles provided the integration of 19 CGs. The marker number per CG ranged from two to 39. The total map length was 4,843.19 cM
https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-13-51
PPT - RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 425ce8-OTc2NPPT - RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 425ce8-OTc2N
RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) RFLP RFLP was developed at the late 70 s due to the discovery of restriction enzymes (REs; or called as restriction ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 425ce8-OTc2N
http://www.powershow.com/view2a/425ce8-OTc2N/RFLP_Restriction_Fragment_Length_Polymorphism_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
Jackfruit Barbacoa Burrito Bowls Recipe - EatingWellJackfruit Barbacoa Burrito Bowls Recipe - EatingWell
Jackfruit, a tropical fruit with a dense, chewy texture, is a blank canvas that takes on flavors well. In these vegan burrito bowls, the jackfruit is simmered in a warm and spicy chile sauce thats so good youll never know youre eating a plant-based protein instead of pork or beef.
http://www.eatingwell.com/recipe/271031/jackfruit-barbacoa-burrito-bowls/
Calculating a PCA and an MDS on a fingerprint data set | Applied MathsCalculating a PCA and an MDS on a fingerprint data set | Applied Maths
This tutorial illustrates how to calculate a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and a Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) (sometimes also called Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA)) on a fingerprint data set and how to change the layout of the obtained plots.
http://www.applied-maths.com/tutorial/calculating-pca-and-mds-fingerprint-data-set-0
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms - AnswerMenuRestriction fragment length polymorphisms - AnswerMenu
all of the following can be used to detect differences in DNA among individuals have been ... are produced through the use of restriction enzymes
http://www.answermenu.com/7373/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphisms
Lupe Fiasco ft. Ab-Soul & Troi - They. Resurrect. Over. New. - DJBoothLupe Fiasco ft. Ab-Soul & Troi - They. Resurrect. Over. New. - DJBooth
Artist: Lupe Fiasco Track: They. Resurrect. Over. New. Feat. Ab-Soul, Troi Producer: DJ Dahi & Blood Diamonds If youre a loyal reader of The DJBooth, I dont
https://djbooth.net/songs/lupe-fiasco-tron
Dwiebelhauss Profile | FileForumDwiebelhauss Profile | FileForum
Lol , Agreement requires a blood sample , eye retina scan , Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism , Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome comparisons to your mother , father , children and grand parents and last but not least your soul. Read full review ...
https://fileforum.betanews.com/profile/Dwiebelhaus
Fragment Length Analysis (FLA) Tailored To Your NeedsFragment Length Analysis (FLA) Tailored To Your Needs
Microsatellite (STR, SSR) analysis by Fragment Length Analysis (FLA) ** More info? +49 8092 8289-0 ** Please call to talk to one of our experienced staff.
https://eurofinsgenomics.eu/en/genotyping-gene-expression/genotyping-services/microsatellites-str-fla-idaa.aspx
Fomblin Perfluorosolv PFS-1 SolventFomblin Perfluorosolv PFS-1 Solvent
Fomblin Perfluorosolv PFS-1 Solvent is a low molecular weight perfluoropolyether which can be used as a CFC113 replacement in many industrial applications.
http://www.sisweb.com/vacuum/sis/fomblin-solvent.htm
A Farm-To-Fork Fiasco | Food RenegadeA Farm-To-Fork Fiasco | Food Renegade
Imagine this. An over-zealous regulator shows up at a farm-to-fork dinner hosted by your favorite local farmer. Theyre demanding that the food be destroyed while hungry, paying guests wait.
https://www.foodrenegade.com/farmtofork-fiasco/?replytocom=849683
Tom & Katies Wedding Fiasco, Live Coverage. - PurseForumTom & Katies Wedding Fiasco, Live Coverage. - PurseForum
[IMG].[IMG][IMG] Brooke Shields prepares to board the private jet in Burbank [IMG] With Tom Cruise and Katie Holmess nuptials merely days...
https://forum.purseblog.com/threads/tom-katies-wedding-fiasco-live-coverage.65073/
Newsletter Fiasco] The antibodies are workingNewsletter Fiasco] The antibodies are working
Of course, this doesnt particularly change a lot. There are still a lot of unvaccinated people out there (including everyone 15 and younger), so I cant just pretend everything is okay. A young(er that 5) kid died in my county this week, so I dont foresee myself taking the kids out to lick light poles yet. But maybe Ill browse a store for a little bit ...
https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=e5aaf208f6d036ca9103c76e1&id=b0ef56ed69
Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilis
"Detection of molecular diversity in Bacillus atrophaeus by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis". Applied and ... Molecular assays (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR assay, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, and ... In B. subtilis the length of transferred DNA is greater than 1271kb (more than 1 million bases). The transferred DNA is likely ... Microarray-based comparative genomic analyses have revealed that B. subtilis members show considerable genomic diversity. FsrA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_subtilis
Sorbaronia mitschuriniiSorbaronia mitschurinii
"Investigations into the origin of Aronia mitschurinii using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis". HortScience. 48 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/×_Sorbaronia_mitschurinii
Bacillus atrophaeusBacillus atrophaeus
"Detection of molecular diversity in Bacillus atrophaeus by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis". Applied and ... "Detection of Molecular Diversity in Bacillus atrophaeus by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis". Applied and ... Modern phylogenetic analyses using multiple genetic methods have placed B. atrophaeus close to B. subtilis. Its original and ... Subsequent genomic and phenotypic analysis of strains derived from the Camp Detrick isolates revealed that they had been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_atrophaeus
List of names for cannabisList of names for cannabis
"Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analyses of Cannabis sativa". "99 Percent of All ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_names_for_cannabis
Nepenthes ampullariaNepenthes ampullaria
Study of natural hybridisation in some tropical plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. MSc thesis, ... menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis ... Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and ... Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_ampullaria
Nepenthes gracilisNepenthes gracilis
Study of natural hybridisation in some tropical plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. M.Sc. thesis, ... Lim S.H., Phua D.C.Y., Tan H.T.W. (2000). "Primer design and optimization for RAPD analysis of Nepenthes". Biologia Plantarum. ... Vegetation analysis of two insectivorous plants in Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung Island.] Biodiversitas 4(2): 93-96. Burbidge ... Fan D.-H., Wang H., Zhi D., Shen Y.-M. (2010). "CE analysis of endogenous flavonoid gallate esters from Nepenthes gracilis ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_gracilis
Nepenthes rafflesianaNepenthes rafflesiana
Study of natural hybridisation in some tropical plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. M.Sc. thesis, ... menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis ... Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and ... The inflorescence is also massive, reaching over 1 m in length. The individual flowers measure up to 1.5 cm in diameter and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_rafflesiana
Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel UniversityAcademy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
Recent molecular work mainly employs DNA sequencing, microsatellites, and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism). In ... One such undertaking is the analyses of diatom assemblages in lake sediments (sediment cores) throughout the eastern United ... Substantial increases in annual mean temperatures and growing season length in this semiarid landscape have resulted in ... Studies may range from the analysis of fish tissues for contaminants, monitoring fish populations for environmental assessments ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences_of_Drexel_University
Nepenthes × hookerianaNepenthes × hookeriana
Study of natural hybridisation in some tropical plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. M.Sc. thesis, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_×_hookeriana
Nepenthes × trichocarpaNepenthes × trichocarpa
Study of natural hybridisation in some tropical plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. M.Sc. thesis, ... with two fringed wings over the whole length. The colour of the pitchers ranges from green to spotted or striped with red or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_×_trichocarpa
Nepenthes gymnamphoraNepenthes gymnamphora
... menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis ... Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and ... Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164- ... Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831-840. doi:10.1055/s-2006- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_gymnamphora
Nepenthes reinwardtianaNepenthes reinwardtiana
... menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis ... Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and ... In 2001, Charles Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the Nepenthes species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 ... Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_reinwardtiana
TochigishiroTochigishiro
List of hemp varieties "Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analyses of Cannabis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tochigishiro
Nepenthes mirabilisNepenthes mirabilis
... menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis ... Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and ... The effect of stem length on pitcher and inflorescence production in Nepenthes gracilis and Nepenthes mirabilis at Serendah ... Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_mirabilis
DNA profilingDNA profiling
Another technique, AFLP, or amplified fragment length polymorphism was also put into practice during the early 1990s. This ... STR loci STR analysis are often amplified using PCR-based methods. Though STR loci are amplified with greater probability of ... Methods like restriction fragment length polymorphism or RFLP Restriction fragment length polymorphism, which was the first ... Multiplex PCR in particular made it possible to isolate and amplify the small fragments of DNA still left in degraded samples. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_profiling
XanthomonasXanthomonas
Other tools, including multilocus sequence analysis and amplified fragment-length polymorphism, have been used for ... More recently, genome-wide analysis of multiple Xanthomonas strains mostly supports the previous phylogenies. Xanthomonas spp. ... "New Zealand strains of plant pathogenic bacteria classified by multi-locus sequence analysis; proposal of Xanthomonas dyei sp. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthomonas
Campylobacter concisusCampylobacter concisus
... yet genomically distinct genomospecies by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), housekeeping genes and a ... "Delineation of Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Correlation of ... "Genome analysis of Campylobacter concisus strains from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and gastroenteritis provides ... "Genomic analysis of oral Campylobacter concisus strains identified a potential bacterial molecular marker associated with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_concisus
Forensic identificationForensic identification
... analyses are used in assignment tests based on an individual's microsatellites or Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ( ... usually from fingerprint analysis, dental analysis, or DNA analysis. Feet also have friction ridges like fingerprints do. ... STR is common in forensic analysis because they are easily amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and they have unique ... from the video recording of their walk by gait analysis, from an audio recording by voice analysis, from their handwriting by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_identification
Species reintroductionSpecies reintroduction
... and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Post-reintroduction, genetic monitoring tools can be used to obtain data ... An analysis of data from the Center for Plant Conservation International Reintroduction Registry found that, for the 49 cases ... "A Population Viability Analysis (PVA) for Re-introduction of the Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) in Korea". Korean ... The Siberian tiger population is now the largest un-fragmented tiger population in the world. Yet, a high proportion of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_reintroduction
Clostridium novyiClostridium novyi
November 2002). "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus ... The toxin is a large 250-kDa protein the active part of which is the NH2-terminal 551 amino acid fragment. Alpha-toxins are ... Hofmann F, Herrmann A, Habermann E, von Eichel-Streiber C (June 1995). "Sequencing and analysis of the gene encoding the alpha- ... have demonstrated by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Growth in culture proceeds through 3 stages: Initial growth wherein no toxin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_novyi
Yersinia bercovieriYersinia bercovieri
... and Yersinia bercovieri Strains from Switzerland by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis". Applied and Environmental ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_bercovieri
Hispid cotton ratHispid cotton rat
"Amplified fragment length polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal patterns of divergence and hybridization in the ... Smith, Ronald A.; Hanebrink, Earl L. (1982). "Analysis of regurgitated short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) pellets from the Roth ... Adult size is total length 202-340 mm (7.9-13 in); tail 87-122 mm (3.4-4.8 in), frequently broken or stubbed; hind foot 29-35 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispid_cotton_rat
European bisonEuropean bison
An earlier study, using amplified fragment-length polymorphism fingerprinting, showed a close association of wisent and ... Analysis of mitochondrial genomes and nuclear DNA revealed that the wisent is theoretically the descendant of a species which ... in length, not counting a tail of 30 to 92 cm (12 to 36 in), 1.8 to 2.1 m (5.9 to 6.9 ft) in height, and 615 to 920 kg (1,356 ... and gayal Y chromosome analysis associated wisent and American bison. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_bison
Trimeresurus septentrionalisTrimeresurus septentrionalis
The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a ... Total length males 610 mm, females 730 mm. The head scalation consists of 10-11(12) upper labials, the first of which are fused ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeresurus_septentrionalis
Trimeresurus albolabrisTrimeresurus albolabris
The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a ... Maximum total length males 600 mm (24 in), females 810 mm (32 in); maximum tail length males 120 mm (4.7 in), females 130 mm ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeresurus_albolabris
16S ribosomal RNA16S ribosomal RNA
... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ... "Identification of species by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences". Nucleic Acids Research. 38 (22): e203. doi: ... "Phylogenetic analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA-specific DNA". ... By limiting 16S analysis to select hypervariable regions, these studies can fail to observe differences in closely related taxa ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16S_ribosomal_RNA
Aspergillus tubingensisAspergillus tubingensis
"Ochratoxin A production and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus tubingensis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_tubingensis
Ascochyta diseases of peaAscochyta diseases of pea
Other techniques for diagnosis involve serological assays, isoenzyme analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs ... random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays, and by using monoclonal antibodies. Ascochyta blight of pea is caused by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascochyta_diseases_of_pea
Forensic DNA analysisForensic DNA analysis
... attempted to return to a VNTR based analysis combined with PCR technology called amplified fragment length polymorphisms ( ... The first true method of DNA profiling was restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The first use of RFLP analysis in ... analysis is the primary type of forensic DNA analysis performed in modern DNA laboratories. STR analysis builds upon RFLP and ... The process of RFLP analysis was extremely time consuming and due to the length of the repeats used, between 9 and 100 base ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_DNA_analysis
ArundinariaArundinaria
... but upon in depth analysis using modern phylogenetic methods based on morphology and amplified fragment length polymorphisms, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arundinaria
ARNr 16S, a enciclopedia libreARNr 16S, a enciclopedia libre
... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ... "Identification of species by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences". Nucleic Acids Research 38 (22): e203. PMC ... "Phylogenetic analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA-specific DNA". ... "A detailed analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene segments for the diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria". Journal of Microbiological ...
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARNr_16S
Single cell sequencingSingle cell sequencing
Instead, the adapters are added after the DNA is treated and fragmented with bisulfite, allowing all fragments to be amplified ... MDA products result in a length of about 12 kb and ranges up to around 100 kb, enabling its use in DNA sequencing.[10] In 2017 ... Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are a big part of genetic variation in the human genome, and copy number ... May 2009). "mRNA-Seq whole-transcriptome analysis of a single cell". Nature Methods. 6 (5): 377-82. doi:10.1038/NMETH.1315. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_cell_sequencing?source=post_page---------------------------
CholeraCholera
Amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of the pandemic isolates of V. cholerae has revealed variation in the ... "Geographical Analysis. 1: 59-75. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1969.tb00605.x. PMID 11614509.. ... and relationships within the seventh pandemic clone of Vibrio cholerae determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism". ... It reduced the length of disease by eight hours and the amount of diarrhea stool by 10%.[74] Supplementation appears to be also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera
HempHemp
According to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 51 (2): 371-375. doi:10.1111/j.1556- ... "Conde Nast, Custom Analysis. 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.. *^ a b Callaway, J. C. (2004-01-01). "Hempseed as a nutritional ... Robinson, Matthew B & Scherlen, Renee G (2007). Lies, damned lies, and drug war statistics: a critical analysis of claims made ... Crime, United Nations Office on Drugs and (2009). Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Cannabis and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp
Amerikanske urfolk og stammefolkAmerikanske urfolk og stammefolk
2005): «A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping» i: PNAS 102 ( ... a b Griffiths, Anthony J. F. (1999): An Introduction to genetic analysis. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3771-X ... i: Boldykova, Zhamilya; Berdigulova, Assel: Ornament as a Universal Language of Peace (Based on Comparative Analysis of ... 2005): «Reconstructing the population history of Puerto Rico by means of mtDNA phylogeographic analysis» i: Am J Phys Anthropol ...
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianer
DNA sequencingDNA sequencing
... large DNA fragments into shorter DNA fragments. The fragmented DNA may then be cloned into a DNA vector and amplified in a ... Read length. Accuracy (single read not consensus). Reads per run. Time per run. Cost per 1 million bases (in US$). Advantages. ... Wu R, Tu CD, Padmanabhan R (1973). "Nucleotide sequence analysis of DNA. XII. The chemical synthesis and sequence analysis of a ... Even so, a recent study did use the short sequence reads and mass spectroscopy to compare single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing_technology
Serpula lacrymansSerpula lacrymans
... amplified fragment length polymorphisms, DNA sequences and microsatellites) on a worldwide sample of specimens suggested the ... White NA; Dehal-Prabhjyot K; Duncan JM (2001). "Molecular analysis of intraspecific variation between building and 'wild' ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpula_lacrymans
Zemědělství - WikipedieZemědělství - Wikipedie
A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping. PNAS. 2005, s. 14694- ... Analysis of farming systems [online]. Food and Agriculture Organization [cit. 2013-05-22]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z ... SPELLER, Camilla F. Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals complexity of indigenous North American turkey domestication. ...
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemědělství
RNA interferenceRNA interference
Left: A full-length argonaute protein from the archaea species Pyrococcus furiosus. Right: The PIWI domain of an argonaute ... Zhang XHD (2011). Optimal High-Throughput Screening: Practical Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Genome-scale RNAi ... Amplified silencing". Science. 315 (5809): 199-200. doi:10.1126/science.1138030. PMID 17218517. S2CID 46285020.. ... As the fragments produced by dicer are double-stranded, they could each in theory produce a functional siRNA. However, only one ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference
PotatoPotato
"A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... 2002). "Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs". J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 (17): 4998-5006. doi:10.1021 ... "A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". PNAS. 102 (41): 14694 ... Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.[21] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum_tuberosum
Serial analysis of gene expressionSerial analysis of gene expression
In 1995, the idea of reducing the tag length from 100 to 800 bp down to tag length of 10 to 22 bp helped reduce the cost of ... In addition, the longer contigs can be screened for polymorphisms. As UTRs show a large number of polymorphisms between ... These cDNA tag fragments (with adaptor primers and AE and TE recognition sites attached) are ligated, sandwiching the two tag ... In 1979 teams at Harvard and Caltech extended the basic idea of making DNA copies of mRNAs in vitro to amplifying a library of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_analysis_of_gene_expression
Lime (fruit)Lime (fruit)
Citrus as Inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast DNA Sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ... analysis of chromosome 2". BMC Genetics. 15. doi:10.1186/s12863-014-0152-1.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(fruit)
MYH9MYH9
All tests and analysis from[76][77] Model organisms have been used in the study of MYH9 function. A conditional knockout mouse ... Cheng W, Zhou X, Zhu L, Shi S, Lv J, Liu L, Zhang H (August 2011). "Polymorphisms in the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene ( ... The neck acts as a lever arm that amplifies the movement produced by conformational changes of the motor domain, and is the ... It encodes a protein of the same length, with 97.1% amino acid identity with the human MYH9 protein.[15] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH9
MicrosatelliteMicrosatellite
The use of PCR means that microsatellite length analysis is prone to PCR limitations like any other PCR-amplified DNA locus. A ... "Functional analysis of a novel DNA polymorphism of a tandem repeated sequence in the asparagine synthetase gene in acute ... Instruments built to resolve microsatellite fragments by capillary electrophoresis also use fluorescent dyes.[61] Forensic ... In forensics, the analysis is performed by extracting nuclear DNA from the cells of a sample of interest, then amplifying ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_tandem_repeats
Restriction fragment length polymorphismRestriction fragment length polymorphism
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). *RAPD. *STR analysis. References[edit]. *^ Saiki, R.; Scharf, S; Faloona, F; ... A restriction fragment length polymorphism is said to occur when the length of a detected fragment varies between individuals, ... In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA ... Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP or sometimes T-RFLP) is a technique initially developed for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_fragment_length_polymorphism
AgricultureAgriculture
"A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". PNAS. 102 (41): 14694 ... "Analysis of farming systems". Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 22 May ... Neither included subsidies in their analysis, but they noted that subsidies also influence the cost of agriculture to society.[ ... A 2005 analysis of these costs in the US concluded that cropland imposes approximately $5 to $16 billion ($30 to $96 per ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farming
CRISPRCRISPR
A comparative genomic analysis showed that E. coli and S. enterica evolve much more slowly than S. thermophilus. The latter's ... Where many reference genomes are available, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify CRISPR arrays and analyse ... Groenen PM, Bunschoten AE, van Soolingen D, van Embden JD (December 1993). "Nature of DNA polymorphism in the direct repeat ... the spacers are fragments of DNA gathered from viruses that previously tried to attack the cell. The source of the spacers was ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR
TangerineTangerine
Citrus as Inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast DNA Sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ... Genetic analysis has shown the parents of the Dancy to have been two mandarin orange hybrids each with a small pomelo ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerines
Polymerase chain reactionPolymerase chain reaction
... that amplifies regions between simple sequence repeats to produce a unique fingerprint of amplified fragment lengths.[51] ... or functional analysis of genes; diagnosis and monitoring of hereditary diseases; amplification of ancient DNA;[7] analysis of ... "RNase H-dependent PCR (rhPCR): improved specificity and single nucleotide polymorphism detection using blocked cleavable ... PCR amplifies a specific region of a DNA strand (the DNA target). Most PCR methods amplify DNA fragments of between 0.1 and 10 ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction
GenotypeGenotype
... terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP),[4] amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP),[5] and multiplex ... Software for Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) Data Analysis" (PDF). SoftGenetics. Archived from the ... Several common genotyping techniques include restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), ... DNA fragment analysis can also be used to determine such disease causing genetics aberrations as microsatellite instability ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype
ArchaeogeneticsArchaeogenetics
Microsatellite DNA, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELS) have shown that Nilo- ... Analysis of mtDNA shows that Eurasia was occupied in a single migratory event between 60 and 70 kya. Genetic evidence shows ... Polymerase chain reaction is a process that can amplify segments of DNA and is often used on extracted ancient DNA. It has ... This results in samples having strands of DNA measuring around 100 base pairs in length. Contamination is another significant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogenetics
Marker-assisted selectionMarker-assisted selection
... restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length ... 26 October 2013), More than meets the eye: A multi-year expressivity analyses of tomato sterility in ps and ps-2 lines (PDF), ... polymorphism (AFLP), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).[9]. Positive and negative selectable markers[edit]. The ... The term 'perfect marker' is sometimes used when tests are performed to detect a SNP or other DNA polymorphism in the gene of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_breeding
DNA methylationDNA methylation
Gene-set analysis (a.k.a. pathway analysis; usually performed tools such as DAVID, GoSeq or GSEA) has been shown to be severely ... DNA methylation polymorphisms may be used as an early biomarker of atherosclerosis since they are present before lesions are ... PCR amplification is then carried out with primers designed to amplify both methylated and unmethylated templates. After this ... a length greater than 200bp, 2) a G+C content greater than 50%, 3) a ratio of observed to expected CpG greater than 0.6, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation?wprov=sfti1
16S 核糖体RNA - 维基百科，自由的百科全书16S 核糖体RNA - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ... Phylogenetic Analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Amplified 16S rRNA-Specific DNA. Int J ... Identification of species by multiplex analysis of variable-length sequences. Nucleic Acids Research. 2010-10-04, 38 (22): e203 ... Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial communities in marine sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996, 62 (11): 4049-59. PMC ...
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/16S_核糖体RNA
RNA interferenceRNA interference
Left: A full-length argonaute protein from the archaea species Pyrococcus furiosus. Right: The PIWI domain of an argonaute ... Zhang XHD (2011). Optimal High-Throughput Screening: Practical Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Genome-scale RNAi ... In C. elegans this initiation response is amplified through the synthesis of a population of 'secondary' siRNAs during which ... As the fragments produced by dicer are double-stranded, they could each in theory produce a functional siRNA. However, only one ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNAi
Forensic identificationForensic identification
... analyses are used in assignment tests based on an individual's microsatellites or Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ( ... STR is common in forensic analysis because they are easily amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and they have unique ... from the video recording of their walk by gait analysis, from an audio recording by voice analysis, from their handwriting by ... Forensic DNA analysis can be a useful tool in aiding forensic identification because DNA is found in almost all cells of our ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_identification
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplificationMultiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
In a standard multiplex PCR reaction, each fragment needs a unique amplifying primer pair. These primers being present in a ... MLPA has a variety of applications including detection of mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms, analysis of DNA ... Each complete probe has a unique length, so that its resulting amplicons can be separated and identified by (capillary) ... Dosage quotient analysis is the usual method of interpreting MLPA data. If a and b are the signals from two amplicons in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_ligation-dependent_probe_amplification
8th millennium BC8th millennium BC
2005). "A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". Proceedings ... the time of this millennium and all dates mentioned here are estimates mostly based on geological and anthropological analysis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_millennium_BC
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism - AFLP Analysis | Thermo Fisher Scientific - USAmplified Fragment Length Polymorphism - AFLP Analysis | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US
Following restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, a subset of DNA fragments is selected for PCR amplification and visualization. A ... AFLP is a technique used to detect polymorphisms in DNA when no information about the genome is known. ... Application Note: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP®) Analysis on Applied Biosystems Capillary Electrophoresis ... Application Note: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP®) Analysis on Applied Biosystems Capillary Electrophoresis ...
https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/sequencing/fragment-analysis/amplified-fragment-length-polymorphism-aflp-analysis.html
Comparison of microsatellites and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for parentage analysisComparison of microsatellites and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for parentage analysis
... such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), with those of codominant multiallelic markers, such as microsatellites ... Comparison of microsatellites and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for parentage analysis Mol Ecol. 2000 Aug;9(8 ... This study compares the properties of dominant markers, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), with those of ... inferred from parentage analysis with microsatellites, overestimated the true GFO, whereas with AFLPs it was underestimated. As ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10964223/?dopt=Abstract
Frontiers | Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana |...Frontiers | Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana |...
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint analysis yielded greater genotypic heterogeneity among the C. ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint analysis yielded greater genotypic heterogeneity among the C. ... africana strains lack N-acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the HXK1 gene showed a distinctive polymorphism ... Moreover, all examined C. africana strains lack N-acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the HXK1 gene showed ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00556/full
Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis | Journal of...Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis | Journal of...
Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Branko ... Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ... Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ... Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/45/12/3921
Comparison of Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Amplified Fragment...Comparison of Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Amplified Fragment...
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting for Identification of ... Comparison of Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Amplified Fragment ... Comparison of Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Amplified Fragment ... Comparison of Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Amplified Fragment ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/36/9/2522?ijkey=a54d75d7d7a24836aa3969d4c4a942677eb07169&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Internal Transcribed Spacer and coxII Sequences Reveal a Species Boundary...Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Internal Transcribed Spacer and coxII Sequences Reveal a Species Boundary...
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Internal Transcribed Spacer and coxII Sequences Reveal a Species Boundary ... Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Internal Transcribed Spacer and coxII Sequences Reveal a Species Boundary ... In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting and DNA sequence analysis of the internal ... sylvaticum from previous studies were included in our analysis. Cluster analysis identified a 19-isolate group (IR-II) that ...
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/2005/December/Pages/95_12_1489.aspx
Identification of mutans streptococci by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction...Identification of mutans streptococci by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction...
Therefore, in this study we developed a simple method using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified ... of mutans streptococci by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ... We amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences from genomic DNA samples by PCR using universal primers and digested the PCR products with ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12930526/?dopt=Abstract
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP) and Gel Electrophoresis - Valuable Tool...Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP) and Gel Electrophoresis - Valuable Tool...
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP) and Gel Electrophoresis - Valuable Tool ... Henrik Berg Rasmussen (April 4th 2012). Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP ... Henrik Berg Rasmussen (April 4th 2012). Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP ... embed/gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism-analysis-of-pcr-amplified-fragments- ...
https://www.intechopen.com/books/gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism-analysis-of-pcr-amplified-fragments-pcr-rflp-and-related-te/
Genetic Analysis and Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Linked to the alm1 Avirulence Gene of...Genetic Analysis and Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Linked to the alm1 Avirulence Gene of...
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to generate a rudimentary genetic linkage map of the L. ... The analysis of segregating F(1) progenies and 14 test crosses suggested that a single major gene is involved in the ... Genetic Analysis and Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Linked to the alm1 Avirulence Gene of ... article{Pongam1998GeneticAA, title={Genetic Analysis and Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Genetic-Analysis-and-Identification-of-Amplified-to-Pongam-Osborn/3adb11c444b9caa0bffa95a19c056e2a77c4483f
Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to...Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) indicate rapid radiation of Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) endemic to...
... species and evaluate species boundaries we analysed genome-wide DNA variation via amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP ... Correspondingly, analyses of molecular variance showed more variation within species than between them. A Bayesian analysis ... In other cases, our analyses may have revealed evidence for the existence of cryptic species, for which more study of ... highly congruent with those observed in a principal coordinate analysis (PCO). Molecular divergence between the two groups is ...
https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-13-269
Temat: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis - OpacWWW - Prolib IntegroTemat: 'Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis' - OpacWWW - Prolib Integro
Amplified. Fragment. Length. Polymorphism. Analysis. ; DNA, Plant ; Data Analysis. ; Models, Statistical ; Phenotype ; Seeds/ ... Polymorphism. , Single Nucleotide*. Amplified. Fragment. Length. Polymorphism. Analysis. /*methods Genome-Wide Association ... Amplified. Fragment. Length. Polymorphism. Analysis. * Genetic Linkage* Phenotype*. Fruit/*anatomy & histology Fruit/*genetics ... Amplified. Fragment. Length. Polymorphism. Analysis. ; DNA ; DNA, Plant ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression. Czasopismo ...
https://katalog.ue.wroc.pl/eds/search?q=%22Amplified+Fragment+Length+Polymorphism+Analysis%22&index=4
Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants...Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants...
We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on four partial ... We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on four partial ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants ...
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.009514-0
Amplified fragment length polymorphism - WikipediaAmplified fragment length polymorphism - Wikipedia
... analysis. There are many advantages to AFLP when compared to other marker technologies including randomly amplified polymorphic ... "Amplified fragment length polymorphism". However, the resulting data are not scored as length polymorphisms, but instead as ... restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and microsatellites. AFLP not only has higher reproducibility, resolution, and ... A subset of the restriction fragments is then selected to be amplified. This selection is achieved by using primers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplified_fragment_length_polymorphism
Relationships among Asian persimmon cultivars, astringent and non-astringent types | SpringerLinkRelationships among Asian persimmon cultivars, astringent and non-astringent types | SpringerLink
... for Asian persimmon cultivar relationships and pollination status was conducted with 496 amplified fragment length polymorphism ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. AFLP analysis was performed using the AFLP Analysis System I Kit (Life ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Four hundred ninety-six AFLP markers were obtained for each of the initial 153 ... studied the relationships among 19 Japanese PCNA and 14 non-PCNA cultivars with 138 amplified fragment length polymorphisms ( ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11295-015-0848-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=89f73abf-6977-4107-9400-385f562c6370
KRIBB: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA for rapid identification of...KRIBB: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA for rapid identification of...
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA for rapid identification of ... A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S rDNAs was performed with Smal and MluI. The four validly ... bacterial DNA; ribosome DNA; DNA sequence; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strain difference; Saccharomonospora; ... We found that purification of amplified 16S rDNA products following PCR was necessary for our RFLP analysis. ...
https://repository.kribb.re.kr/handle/201005/4130
Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, 5 Volume Set | Forensics | Analytical Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | WileyWiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, 5 Volume Set | Forensics | Analytical Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. Analysis: Computer Network. Analysis: Neutron Activation. Anthropology. Anthropology: ... Mr John Lentini, Scientific Fire Analysis, USA. Behavioral Sciences. Dr Carl N Edwards, Attorney, Clinical and Forensic ... Toxicology and Drug Analysis. Prof. Olaf H Drummer, Head (Forensic & Scientific Services), Victorian Institute of Forensic ... DNA and the Analysis of Biological Fluids. Allan Jamieson, Director, The Forensic Institute, UK ...
https://www.wiley.com/en-ca/Wiley+Encyclopedia+of+Forensic+Science%2C+5+Volume+Set-p-9780470018262
Patent US7893325 - Brassica plant resistant to the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg) - Google PatentsPatent US7893325 - Brassica plant resistant to the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg) - Google Patents
... wherein this fragment comprises a blackleg resistance locus. Further provided are molecular markers linked to the blackleg ... Provided are Brassica plants and seeds comprising a fragment of chromosome 8 of a wild B. rapa accession in their genome, ... Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis. DNA Extraction. DNA was extracted from parental lines, control lines, ... 1990), NAR 18: 6531-6535], AFLP [Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism; Vos et al. (1995) NAR 23: 4407-4414], SNPs or ...
http://www.google.com/patents/US7893325?dq=7143430
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (<em>Glossina morsitans...Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (<em>Glossina morsitans...
T1 - Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans ...
https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/amplified-fragment-length-polymorphism-aflp-analysis-of-closely-r
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus cereus isolated from...Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus cereus isolated from...
... perfringens type A and 6 isolates of Bacillus cereus were characterised by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) ... analysis. Among the 43 C. novyi isolates, 23 different AFLP profiles were detected. The same AFLP profile was detected in ... McLauchlin J, Ripabelli G, Brett MM, Threlfall EJ. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium ... Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus cereus isolated from ...
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/0022-1317-51-11-990
Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with...Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with...
title = "Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with ... abstract = "Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with ... T1 - Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with ... N2 - Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with ...
https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/genotyping-by-amplified-fragment-length-polymorphism-analysis-rev
Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analyses and genetic diversity in Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae) ...Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analyses and genetic diversity in Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae) ...
Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) analyses and genetic diversity Fluorescent amplified fragment length ... We used the fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) method to study the genetic diversity of L. vannamei ... Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Polymorphism, Genetic / Penaeidae Limits: Animals Language: English ... Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Polymorphism, Genetic / Penaeidae Limits: Animals Language: English ...
https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/lil-416297
Diversity of uncultured microorganisms associated with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment...Diversity of uncultured microorganisms associated with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment...
... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ... with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA ...
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/1639789
Parasite Genomics Protocols | SpringerLinkParasite Genomics Protocols | SpringerLink
Amplified (Restriction) Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis Daniel K. Masiga, C. Michael R. Turner ... Analysis of Gene Function in Trypanosoma brucei Using RNA Interference Appolinaire Djikeng, Shuiyuan Shen, Christian Tschudi, ... Typing Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Toxoplasma gondii by Allele-Specific Primer Extension and Microarray Detection ... Analysis of Differentially Expressed Parasite Genes and Proteins Using Transcriptomics and Proteomics ...
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1385/1592597939
Sequence Elimination and Cytosine Methylation Are Rapid and Reproducible Responses of the Genome to Wide Hybridization and...Sequence Elimination and Cytosine Methylation Are Rapid and Reproducible Responses of the Genome to Wide Hybridization and...
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Analysis. The AFLP procedure was performed according to the protocol of Gibco BRL ... allotetraploids by screening a large number of loci using amplified fragment length polymorphism and DNA gel blot analysis and ... and their derived synthetic allotetraploids using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Vos et al., 1995) and ... Cloning of Fragments Subjected to Genetic or Epigenetic Alterations and Validation by DNA Gel Blot Analysis. Fragments that ...
http://www.plantcell.org/content/13/8/1749?ijkey=73a48ff3d51fd1bfb95f1060a01f6b3a42e29911&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Crossability of Triticum urartu and Triticum monococcum Wheats, Homoeologous Recombination, and Description of a Panel of...Crossability of Triticum urartu and Triticum monococcum Wheats, Homoeologous Recombination, and Description of a Panel of...
DNA extraction and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. DNA extraction from 7-d-old seedlings followed a ... Principal coordinates analysis of the diploid wheat accessions considered in this study, based on 257 amplified fragment-length ... Double arrows indicate the borders of chromosome segments to which groups of amplified fragment-length polymorphisms were ... urartu fragments of 57.1 cM (10 fragments; 44.6%), 96.6 cM (16 fragments; 46.4%), 131.9 cM (13 fragments; 87.1%), 36.7 cM (4 ...
https://www.g3journal.org/content/4/10/1931
A. Jonathan Shaw, Professor of Biology and Curator of Bryophytes, Duke HerbariumA. Jonathan Shaw, Professor of Biology and Curator of Bryophytes, Duke Herbarium
Adenosine Kinase • Algal Proteins • Alleles • Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis • Antarctic Regions • Arabidopsis ... Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide • Polyploidy • Population Dynamics • Population Growth • Principal Component Analysis • ... Current projects in the lab include molecular phylogenetic analyses of familial and ordinal level relationships in the ... Sequence Analysis, DNA • Soil • Species Specificity • Sphagnopsida • Transcriptome • Tropical Climate. Curriculum Vitae. ...
http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/Herbarium/brophytes/shaw
Genomic Regions Analysis of Seedling Root Traits and Their Regulation in Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance in CSSL...Genomic Regions Analysis of Seedling Root Traits and Their Regulation in Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance in CSSL...
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR ... of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restriction fragments. ... Genomic Regions Analysis of Seedling Root Traits and Their Regulation in Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance in CSSL ... Genomic Analysis of Peritoneal Mesothelioma by CGH Arrays. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease representing one third of ...
https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/2044256/Genomic-Regions-Analysis-of-Seedling-Root-Traits-and-Their-Regulation-in-Responses.html
African Journal of Biotechnology - genetic diversity and population structure of ethiopian finger millet (eleusine coracana (l...African Journal of Biotechnology - genetic diversity and population structure of ethiopian finger millet (eleusine coracana (l...
Analysis of molecular variance in both grouping and without grouping revealed larger genetic diversity within the populations ( ... Six ISSR primers amplified a total of 45 clear and reproducible bands. The total genetic diversity (H) and Shannons diversity ... AFLP, Amplified fragment length polymorphism; AMOVA, analysis of molecular variance; CTAB, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; 2D ... random amplified polymorphic DNA; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeat; TBE, trisborate ...
https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJB/article-abstract/29730E464477
PolymorphicRAPDRFLPElectrophoresisSNPsLociGenomicIsolatesGeneMarkersAmplificationMicrosatelliteDetect various polymorphisms in differentMolecular variancePolymeraseSequenceRFLPsFingerprintSpeciesAllelesPopulationsGenetic analysisSequencesNucleotideMorphologicalFluorescentGenesAFLP-PCRRandomlyGeneticsPairsCultivarsAgarosePrimers amplifiedSegregant analysisAMOVABlotComplementarySubsetVNTRFAFLPTechniqueGenome-widePhylogeneticMethodsComparativeVariationChromosomeCommonly
Polymorphic12
  • Thirty-one strains of Acinetobacter species, including type strains of the 18 genomic species and 13 clinical isolates, were compared by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. (asm.org)
  • These include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( 14 , 25 ), ribotyping ( 9 , 12 , 25 ), and PCR-based fingerprinting techniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) ( 15 ), repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR ( 26 ), amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) ( 35 ), and RNA spacer fingerprinting ( 11 ). (asm.org)
  • There are many advantages to AFLP when compared to other marker technologies including randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and microsatellites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis identified 335 polymorphic loci. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Our results showed a total of 93 polymorphic bands ranging from 50 to 500 bp, the mean Nei's genetic diversity calculated for the total sample was 13.4 percent and identity and genetic distance analyses indicated high genetic homogeneity within and between both the broodstock lineages studied which suggests that they had similar genetic structure . (bvsalud.org)
  • This method uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA (the most common is 4 bases repeated, but there are other lengths in use, including 3 and 5 bases). (wikidoc.org)
  • Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic. (csic.es)
  • There are different kinds of molecular markers, such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). (omicsonline.org)
  • We have used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to characterize eleven cultivars of the five economically most important yam species grown in Jamaica (Dioscorea alata, D. cayenensis, D. rotundata, D. trifida and D. esculenta). (semanticscholar.org)
  • Concentration of primer and template qualitatively affects products in random-amplified polymorphic DNA PCR. (semanticscholar.org)
  • AFLP analysis produced 530 bands (88.5% polymorphic) while SSR primers amplified 174 alleles, all polymorphic (8.2 alleles per locus). (scielo.br)
  • Though restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) markers have been the basis for most of the work in crop plants, valuable markers have been generated from random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragments length polymorphism (AFLP). (science20.com)
RAPD1
  • The standardized commercially available RAPD kit clearly enabled the discrimination of all Acinetobacter genomic species but showed great polymorphism between isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii . (asm.org)
RFLP16
  • Therefore, in this study we developed a simple method using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rRNA genes PCR-RFLP) for the identification of seven different species included in the group of mutans streptococci. (nih.gov)
  • A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S rDNAs was performed with Smal and MluI. (kribb.re.kr)
  • We found that purification of amplified 16S rDNA products following PCR was necessary for our RFLP analysis. (kribb.re.kr)
  • In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences, known as polymorphisms, in order to distinguish individuals, populations, or species or to pinpoint the locations of genes within a sequence.The term may refer to a polymorphism itself, as detected through the differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, or to a related laboratory technique by which such differences can be illustrated. (wikipedia.org)
  • In RFLP analysis, a DNA sample is digested into fragments by one or more restriction enzymes, and the resulting restriction fragments are then separated by gel electrophoresis according to their size. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although now largely obsolete due to the emergence of inexpensive DNA sequencing technologies, RFLP analysis was the first DNA profiling technique inexpensive enough to see widespread application. (wikipedia.org)
  • RFLP analysis was an important early tool in genome mapping, localization of genes for genetic disorders, determination of risk for disease, and paternity testing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of RFLP variation in genomes was formerly a vital tool in genome mapping and genetic disease analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once a disease gene was localized, RFLP analysis of other families could reveal who was at risk for the disease, or who was likely to be a carrier of the mutant genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • RFLP analysis was also the basis for early methods of genetic fingerprinting, useful in the identification of samples retrieved from crime scenes, in the determination of paternity, and in the characterization of genetic diversity or breeding patterns in animal populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique for RFLP analysis is, however, slow and cumbersome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results of the Human Genome Project have largely replaced the need for RFLP mapping, and the identification of many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in that project (as well as the direct identification of many disease genes and mutations) has replaced the need for RFLP disease linkage analysis (see SNP genotyping). (wikipedia.org)
  • The first method for creating a DNA profile was RFLP , or restriction fragment length polymorphism. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Some of the steps for RFLP analysis are also used in other types of DNA profiling. (howstuffworks.com)
  • In molecular biology, the term restriction fragment length polymorphism, or RFLP, (commonly pronounced "rif-lip") refers to a difference between two or more samples of homologous DNA molecules arising from differing locations of restriction sites, and to a related laboratory technique by which these segments can be distinguished. (science20.com)
  • In RFLP analysis the DNA sample is broken into pieces (digested) by restriction enzymes and the resulting restriction fragments are separated according to their lengths by gel electrophoresis. (science20.com)
Electrophoresis5
  • The amplified fragments are separated and visualized on denaturing on agarose gel electrophoresis , either through autoradiography or fluorescence methodologies, or via automated capillary sequencing instruments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DNA fragments produced by the digest are then separated by length through a process known as agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane via the Southern blot procedure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two primary evolutionary divisions, or lineages, have been identified within L. monocytogenes on the basis of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, and amplified fragment length polymorphism studies ( 3 , 11 , 24 , 26 ). (asm.org)
  • Then, the fragments are amplified using PCR and sorted using gel electrophoresis. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The DNA fragments that result are then separated and detected using electrophoresis. (wikidoc.org)
SNPs5
  • In 2015, the comparative genomic analysis of 21 clinical isolates, which had been previously assigned to existing MLST clades, recapitulated relationships between isolates, and the authors reported the discovery of extensive variation between these 21 isolates, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and frequent whole or partial chromosomal aneuploidies 17 . (nature.com)
  • Also, commercial kits are available that analyze Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). (wikidoc.org)
  • To identify genes associated with breast events (i.e., the occurrence of invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ), in terms of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genome-wide association study, in Caucasian women at high risk of developing breast cancer who have received a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) (i.e., tamoxifen or raloxifene) on the NSABP-P-1 OR NSABP-P-2 breast cancer prevention clinical trials. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (AFLP-PCR), commonly called "DNA fingerprinting," is a highly sensitive and reproducible method for detecting SNPs in DNA. (thesourcenatural.com)
  • SNPs are the most abundant polymorphisms in the human genome with one SNP occurring each kilobase on average (13). (thefreedictionary.com)
Loci7
  • To address these matters, we have surveyed F1 hybrids between diploid species from the wheat ( Aegilops and Triticum ) group and their derived allotetraploids by screening a large number of loci using amplified fragment length polymorphism and DNA gel blot analysis and by assaying the extent of cytosine methylation. (plantcell.org)
  • Although polymorphisms can exist in the restriction enzyme cleavage sites, more commonly the enzymes and DNA probes were used to analyze VNTR loci. (wikidoc.org)
  • These STR loci (locations) are targeted with sequence-specific primers and are amplified using PCR. (wikidoc.org)
  • When looking at multiple loci, it is the unique combination of these polymorphisms to an individual that makes this method discriminating as an identification tool. (wikidoc.org)
  • A total of 27 SSRs amplified multiple loci. (genetics.org)
  • After evaluation, the genetic structure of this collection (200 accessions) was compared with that of landraces from the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz (10 genotypes from each), as well as a further 10 cultivars, by means of four amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) +3/+3 primer combinations and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci, in order to define genetic diversity, variability and mutual relationships. (scielo.br)
  • A primer amplifying a dominant marker could amplify at many loci in one sample of DNA with one PCR reaction. (science20.com)
Genomic16
  • Cut genomic DNA into fragments with the restriction enzymes Msel and EcoRI and Ligate adaptors. (thermofisher.com)
  • A novel high-resolution genomic fingerprinting method, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), has been shown to be applicable to a wide range of bacterial species including those of the genus Acinetobacter ( 10 , 18 , 19 , 36 ). (asm.org)
  • We amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences from genomic DNA samples by PCR using universal primers and digested the PCR products with the restriction endonucleases, HpaII and HaeIII. (nih.gov)
  • Developed in the early 1990s by Keygene, AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA, followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of the restriction fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The AFLP technology has the capability to detect various polymorphisms in different genomic regions simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
  • These readily reproducible techniques can be used in genomic, functional genomic, and postgenomic studies and include transfection methods and vectors for several protozoan parasites, global analysis using microarrays, gene ablation using RNA interference, gene knockout, mutagenesis, and chromosome manipulation. (springer.com)
  • Genomic Regions Analysis of Seedling Root Traits and Their Regulation in Responses to Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance in CSSL Population of Elite Super Hybrid Rice. (bioportfolio.com)
  • New methods for gene identification based on genomic analysis and their application for molecular breeding in plants. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates that ranged in genomic similarity to B. anthracis , as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, were examined by PCR for the presence of sequences similar to 47 pXO2 ORFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dot-blot DNA hybridizations between pXO2 ORF fragments and total genomic DNA from AWO6 were consistent with the PCR assay results for this isolate and also revealed nine additional ORFs shared between these two bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence of pXO2 sequences in the other Bacillus isolates did not correlate with genomic relatedness established by AFLP analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on 12 genomes of corresponding serovar reference strains including three publicly available complete genomes (serovars 3, 5b, and 7) of this bacterium, we performed a comprehensive analysis of comparative genomics and first reported a global genomic characterization for this pathogen. (asm.org)
  • analysis allows detection of genomic polymorphisms using nanogram amounts of DNA. (bioreliance.com)
  • A list of the 242 primer pairs that amplify mapped SSRs from total barley genomic DNA is presented. (genetics.org)
  • Other methods involve using PCR, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) uses restriction enzymes to digestc genomic DNA [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • To date, the genomic information of M. dispar is limited, and only the genome sequence of M. dispar reference strain ATCC 27140 was released in the NCBI database in 2015 without further analysis. (g3journal.org)
Isolates7
  • AFLP analysis provided a clear separation of A. lignieresii and A. pleuropneumoniae and divided the isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae into 20 clusters. (asm.org)
  • In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting and DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal genes (ITS region) and a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene and the spacer region between cox I and cox II to characterize 68 isolates of P. irregulare from the United States. (apsnet.org)
  • As part of the follow-up investigations associated with an outbreak of severe illness and death among illegal injecting drug users during 2000, 43 cultures of Clostridium novyi type A, 40 C. perfringens type A and 6 isolates of Bacillus cereus were characterised by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the SAG isolates produced discriminatory and reproducible patterns. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • The large number of fragments and a targeted sampling of isolates allowed a reconstruction of phylogenies in great detail, i.e. no homoplasy and a representation of sequential, evolutionary steps by pathogen samples. (biomedsearch.com)
  • PCR was performed using template DNA from 11 Bacillus isolates that vary in relatedness to B. anthracis with primer sets designed to amplify DNA fragments from 47 different pXO2 ORFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of a subset of isolates showed that they clustered closely, supporting the PFGE results. (nih.gov)
Gene18
  • Gene flow from outside the study stand (GFO), inferred from parentage analysis with microsatellites, overestimated the true GFO, whereas with AFLPs it was underestimated. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, all examined C. africana strains lack N -acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the HXK1 gene showed a distinctive polymorphism that impair the utilization of this amino sugar in this yeast. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genetic Analysis and Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Linked to the alm1 Avirulence Gene of Leptosphaeria maculans. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on four partial housekeeping gene sequences ( atpD , dnaK , efp and gyrB ) for the genotypic classification of Xanthomonas citri pv. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • However, ribotype and virulence gene polymorphism data were used to describe the existence of a third lineage ( 25 , 33 ), with some researchers suggesting that this lineage may represent a distinct taxonomic unit requiring recognition as a new species or subspecies ( 33 , 34 ). (asm.org)
  • Fragmented populations are usually exposed to the negative effects of reduced gene flow, genetic drift and population differentiation. (cambridge.org)
  • Actin was used as a control gene and either amplified in the same PCR reaction (multiplex, no. 19, and no. 139) or, if competition between bands did not allow multiplexing, amplified in separate reaction tubes (no. 109). (plantphysiol.org)
  • Comparison of MVLST with housekeeping-gene-based MLST analysis showed that MVLST provided higher discriminatory power for serotype 1/2a and 4b strains than MLST. (asm.org)
  • Analysis of global gene expression patterns provides valuable insight into the role of differential expression in normal biological and disease processes. (thermofisher.com)
  • The Ion PGM™ and Ion Proton™ systems put gene expression analysis within reach for any lab, enabling scientists to get more accurate and comprehensive data than microarrays can provide for a comparable price. (thermofisher.com)
  • High-throughput digital gene expression analysis with the ability to multiplex up to 96 samples in a single lane. (thermofisher.com)
  • HiCep (High Coverage Gene Expression Profiling) - An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-based method. (thermofisher.com)
  • Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE™) Sequencing - A library of short sequence tags, each of which is then used to uniquely identify a transcript. (thermofisher.com)
  • Recent DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence experiments proved that the classification based on SC-minimization forms separate clusters that contain the fAFLP patterns for all representatives of the species Enterovibrio norvegicus, Vibrio fortis, Vibrio diazotrophicus or Vibrio campbellii, while previous hierarchical cluster analysis had suggested more heterogeneity within the fAFLP patterns by splitting the representatives of the above-mentioned species into multiple distant clusters. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Lack of association between MTHFR C677T Gene polymorphism with alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. (bioportfolio.com)
  • NQO1 Gene C609T Polymorphism (dbSNP: rs1800566) and Digestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Several studies reported that polymorphism C609T (rs1800566) in (NAD(P)H): quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene is associated with risk to digestive tract (DT) cancers, like esophageal cancer (EC), gas. (bioportfolio.com)
  • The combination of PCR direct amplification and AFLP provides a 2-step procedure, where P. damselae is rapidly identified at genus level on the basis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence and then grouped into distinct clusters on the basis of AFLP polymorphisms. (int-res.com)
Markers15
  • This study compares the properties of dominant markers, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), with those of codominant multiallelic markers, such as microsatellites, in reconstructing parentage. (nih.gov)
  • A molecular marker analysis for Asian persimmon cultivar relationships and pollination status was conducted with 496 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and 146 cultivars of Asian origin. (springer.com)
  • In this study amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were developed to analyze genetic variation in Glossina morsitans morsitans from laboratory and field-collected populations from Zimbabwe. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Microsatellite markers were tested on A u and A m genomes, ordered in a T. monococcum molecular map, and used to characterize the exotic DNA fragments present in each introgression line. (g3journal.org)
  • Current projects in the lab include molecular phylogenetic analyses of familial and ordinal level relationships in the arthrodontous mosses, studies of hybridization using molecular and morphological markers, and investigations of cryptic speciation within geographically widespread species. (duke.edu)
  • Inheritance of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and their utility in population genetic analysis of Plecoglossus altivelis. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and Targeted Region Amplified Polymorphism (TRAP) markers were used to measure genetic diversity. (usda.gov)
  • Dense genetic maps were constructed for the maternal and paternal genomes of a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 36) B. humidicola F 1 mapping population ( n = 102) using genotyping-by-sequencing, simple sequence repeat, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and transcriptome derived single nucleotide polymorphism markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, five populations of J. curcas were studied in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. (mdpi.com)
  • One hundred and fifty-two useful markers were obtained: overall polymorphism = 81.18% and overall Nei's genetic diversity ( He ) = 0.192. (mdpi.com)
  • In 88% of the markers tested, H. chilense products were maintained in the expected homeologous linkage group, as revealed by the analysis of wheat/H. chilense addition lines. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Twenty-nine microsatellite markers (eight gSSRs and 21 expressed sequence tags-SSRs) uniformly distributed across the genome were tested for their utility in genetic diversity analysis within the species. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The reported markers represent a valuable resource for the genetic characterisation of H. chilense, for the analysis of its genetic variability, and as a tool for wheat introgression. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers (AFLP) were used to test the genetic variation among the forms. (unl.edu)
  • Identification of the markers linked to useful traits has been based on complete linkage maps and bulked segregant analysis. (science20.com)
Amplification5
  • Following restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, a subset of DNA fragments is selected for PCR amplification and visualization. (thermofisher.com)
  • Selective amplification of some of these fragments with two PCR primers that have corresponding adaptor and restriction site specific sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1993. Selective restriction fragment amplification: a general method for DNA fingerprinting. (wikipedia.org)
  • and (iii) some other combined amplification-restriction methods, e.g., amplified fragment length polymorphism ( 14 ) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( 17 ). (asm.org)
  • This technique detects multiple DNA fragments by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. (thesourcenatural.com)
Microsatellite1
  • SoftGenetics has released GeneMarker , a genotyping software package for amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP), fragment, STR, and microsatellite analysis. (genomeweb.com)
Detect various polymorphisms in different1
  • AFLP technology can detect various polymorphisms in different areas of the genome simultaneously. (thesourcenatural.com)
Molecular variance3
  • Correspondingly, analyses of molecular variance showed more variation within species than between them. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Significant differences for cultivar origin and pollination status were found for analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), but most of the variation was among cultivars, not classification groups. (springer.com)
  • Data underwent cluster (UPGMA) and molecular variance (AMOVA) analyses. (scielo.br)
Polymerase2
  • PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis is usually the first step in the creation of a DNA profile today. (howstuffworks.com)
  • PCR greatly amplifies the amounts of a specific region of DNA, using oligonucleotide primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase . (wikidoc.org)
Sequence13
  • The power of AFLP® analysis is the speed with which the technique can quickly generate large numbers of marker fragments for any organism, without the need for any sequence data. (thermofisher.com)
  • The overall quality, accuracy and length of the DNA sequence read can be significantly affected by characteristics of the sample itself, and the method chosen for nucleic acid extraction. (thermofisher.com)
  • The ITS sequence of a P. irregulare neotype at the CBS collection as well as ITS and cox II sequences for P. irregulare, P. spinosum , and P. sylvaticum from previous studies were included in our analysis. (apsnet.org)
  • Cluster analysis identified a 19-isolate group (IR-II) that separated itself from the rest of the sample (IR-I). Population structure and sequence analyses supported the distinction of IR-I and IR-II and identified IR-II as P. irregulare sensu stricto. (apsnet.org)
  • This selection is achieved by using primers complementary to the adaptor sequence, the restriction site sequence and a few nucleotides inside the restriction site fragments (as described in detail below). (wikipedia.org)
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants of Xanthomonas citri pv. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • State-of-the-art and highly practical, Parasite Genomics Protocols offers bench investigators in parasitology a wide-ranging collection of diverse methods for elucidating the content of the genomes of parasitic organisms, utilizing the genome sequence for genetic analysis, and ascribing function to the available genome sequences. (springer.com)
  • The basic technique for the detection of RFLPs involves fragmenting a sample of DNA with the application of a restriction enzyme, which can selectively cleave a DNA molecule wherever a short, specific sequence is recognized in a process known as a restriction digest. (wikipedia.org)
  • A restriction fragment length polymorphism is said to occur when the length of a detected fragment varies between individuals, indicating non-identical sequence homologies. (wikipedia.org)
  • These kits use PCR to amplify specific regions with known variations and hybridize them to probes anchored on cards, which results in a colored spot corresponding to the particular sequence variation. (wikidoc.org)
  • To overcome the ambiguities of fragment-based typing methods, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a DNA sequence-based method, was recently developed by Chan et al. (asm.org)
  • A unit of measurement of the length of a DNA or RNA sequence equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or 1000 bases of RNA. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites. (science20.com)
RFLPs1
  • Several different kinds of molecular marker could be applied on plant selection: such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), is detected by southern hybridization. (omicsonline.org)
Fingerprint3
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprint analysis yielded greater genotypic heterogeneity among the C. africana strains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dawyndt P, Thompson FL, Austin B, Swings J, Koski T & Gyllenberg M (2005) Application of sliding-window discretization and minimization of stochastic complexity for the analysis of fAFLP genotyping fingerprint patterns of Vibrionaceae, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55 (1), pp. 57-66. (stir.ac.uk)
  • The method was applied to fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) fingerprint patterns of 507 Vibrionaceae representatives. (stir.ac.uk)
Species10
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was evaluated as a method for genotypic characterization and subtyping within the bacterial species Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae . (asm.org)
  • To resolve relationships within a clade of 21 closely related New Caledonian Diospyros species and evaluate species boundaries we analysed genome-wide DNA variation via amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In other cases, our analyses may have revealed evidence for the existence of cryptic species, for which more study of morphology and ecology are now required. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The species diversity and identification of black fungi belonging to Cyphellophora and Phialophora, which colonize and infect human skin and nails, were studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). (uva.nl)
  • In this study, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 56 Hypericum accessions, representing 11 species, was conducted to gain a better understanding of diversity within Hypericum species, especially within cultivated accessions of H. perforatum, and to establish a molecular method that will provide breeders and regulators with a simple, affordable, and accurate tool with which to identify H. perforatum material in commercial products. (usda.gov)
  • Finally, analyses of haplotype diversity indicate that lineage 1 has experienced a purge of genetic variation that was not observed in the other lineages, suggesting that the three L. monocytogenes lineages may represent distinct species within the framework of the cohesion species concept. (asm.org)
  • Cluster analysis based on AFLP data clearly differentiated the genotypes and wild species according to their origin and pedigree, whereas, cluster analysis based on agronomic data differentiated according the pomological characterization. (csic.es)
  • Rapid quantitative analysis of human serum sphingomyelin species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with lipid hydrolase treatment. (nih.gov)
  • 1999) conducted mitochondrial DNA analyses on several North American Melanoplus species and determined that M. packardii and M. foedus were distinct, but closely related, species. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Population genetic analyses of the data revealed high levels of genetic diversity in H. erato relative to H. melpomene , widespread genetic differentiation among populations of both species, and no evidence for isolation-by-distance. (biomedcentral.com)
Alleles1
  • Pathogen samples were collected between 1975 and 2002 in the UK and Denmark, and assayed for 14 individual avirulence/virulence alleles and up to 234 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs producing approximately 17,000 AFLP fragments. (biomedsearch.com)
Populations9
  • The AFLP technology has been used in criminal and paternity tests, also to determine slight differences within populations, and in linkage studies to generate maps for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • AFLP represents a useful additional tool to add to the suite of techniques currently available for the genetic analysis of tsetse populations and represents a useful resource for identification of the genetic basis of important phenotypic traits. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Analysis of the marker populations demonstrated chromosome pairing and recombination in F 1 hybrid plants. (g3journal.org)
  • Ongoing research is grounded in phylogenetic analyses at various levels of biological organization from populations up to genus-wide. (duke.edu)
  • AFLP analysis is a whole-genome approach that has broad applicability in determining genetic variability within and among plant populations, crop origins, and relationships among cultivars. (usda.gov)
  • 5) high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) for tracking genetic diversity in plant populations. (cuny.edu)
  • Natural populations of forest trees show remarkably fine-scale adaptation to the length of the frost-free growing season characteristic of their local environment. (genetics.org)
  • STRUCTURE analysis of the Snake River populations showed a large, panmictic population, while Salmon River populations were more distinct from one another, as well as from the Snake River populations. (usda.gov)
  • The number of genetic populations (K) was five, with mixed ancestry in most individuals (genetic migrants), except in the Soconusco, where there was a tiny fraction of fragments from other populations. (mdpi.com)
Genetic analysis6
  • AFLP®, first developed for plant studies, is now used for a wide variety of genetic analysis applications. (thermofisher.com)
  • Genetic analysis of roots and shoots in rice seedling by association mapping. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Each fragment length is considered an allele, whether it actually contains a coding region or not, and can be used in subsequent genetic analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, genetic analysis of members of the group has also been inconclusive and a later study by Chapco and Litzenberger (2002) determined that M. packardii and M. foedus had some genetic overlap among individuals. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • The results of this study indicate that host plants can influence phenotype and suggest the need for further genetic analysis of subspecies recognized based on morphology. (unl.edu)
  • The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great augmentation in our knowledge of crop genetics and our understanding of the structure and behavior of various crop genomes. (science20.com)
Sequences2
  • Additional chapters survey the available genome sequences, helping novice researchers overcome the difficulties of accessing the databases and applying bioinformatics analysis to biological function. (springer.com)
  • Cluster analysis based on the intragenic sequences of the selected virulence genes indicated a strain phylogeny closely related to serotypes and genetic lineages. (asm.org)
Nucleotide5
  • The methods listed above target nucleotide variations at endonuclease restriction or primer annealing sites, utilize the electrophoretic mobility of digested or amplified DNA fragments in agarose gels, and define L. monocytogenes strains by their unique banding patterns. (asm.org)
  • Methylation analysis revealed adenine and cytosine methylation across the genome and 13 distinct nucleotide motifs. (g3journal.org)
  • DNA samples are used to identify and analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms. (bioportfolio.com)
  • A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced "snip") is a natural variation in the population. (thesourcenatural.com)
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), also known as DNA fingerprinting, is a highly sensitive and reproducible method for detecting single nucleotide changes, or polymorphisms, in DNA. (thesourcenatural.com)
Morphological2
  • Morphological and genetic analyses in the Melanoplus packardii group (Orthoptera: acrididae). (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Three genetic clusters are reported, in accordance with previous morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. (jic.ac.uk)
Fluorescent2
  • High voltage is applied so that the fluorescent DNA fragments are separated by size and are detected by a laser/camera system. (thermofisher.com)
  • Compared to radioactive AFLP, fluorescent AFLP was technically fast and simple to perform, and it permitted analysis with an automated DNA sequencer. (asm.org)
Genes6
  • The 16S rDNAs were amplified by PCR by using oligonucleotide primers complementary to 16S rRNA genes. (kribb.re.kr)
  • S. Weidner, W. Arnold, and A. Pühler, "Diversity of uncultured microorganisms associated with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY , vol. 62, 1996, pp. 766-771. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • An interpretation of phenotypic changes within lineages as independent mutation events resulted in mutation frequencies from 1.4x10(-6) to 4.1x10(-6) per AFLP fragment (locus) per generation, whereas the effective rate by which a mutation from avirulence to virulence was established in the pathogen population, when subject to selection by host resistance genes, was approximately three orders of magnitude faster. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The c-DNA used for the RT-PCR analysis of all three genes was prepared from the original RNA used for c-DNA-AFLP analysis in Figure 5 . (plantphysiol.org)
  • Internal fragments (ca. 418 to 469 bp) of three virulence genes ( prfA , inlB , and inlC ) and three virulence-associated genes ( dal , lisR , and clpP ) were sequenced and analyzed. (asm.org)
  • 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the disorder comprises liver damage and testing for liver damage comprises genotyping mutations or polymorphisms inducing or predisposing to liver damage or influencing serum or plasma γ-glutamyltransferase activity or concentration or the testing of the expression of the genes encoding these proteins. (freepatentsonline.com)
AFLP-PCR2
  • AFLP-PCR is a highly sensitive method for detecting polymorphisms in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR (or AFLP-PCR or just AFLP) is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. (science20.com)
Randomly2
  • Participating workers were randomly allocated by length of employment, age, department, and job to receive either vaccine or placebo. (nap.edu)
  • Out of 64 random primers being used, 55 pairs gave an increase in DNA bands but only 12 pairs of random primers were randomly chosen for the final analysis of the experiment. (scialert.net)
Genetics2
  • In genetics, a molecular marker is a fragment of DNA that associated with a certain location within the genome. (omicsonline.org)
  • Electric Genetics has released a new version of its StackPack transcript management system that is compatible with a new EST clustering method called WCD and a new cluster analysis tool termed SCAT. (genomeweb.com)
Pairs3
  • Fifty-eight wheat D-genome and 71 barley PCR primer pairs consistently amplified products from H. chilense. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Twenty-three of the wheat D-genome and 11 barley PCR primer pairs were suitable for studying the introgressions of H. chilense into wheat, amplifying H. chilense products of distinct size. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The kilobase is often also used as the unit of length for double-stranded molecules, though these should more correctly be measured in kilobase pairs (kbp). (thefreedictionary.com)
Cultivars4
  • Analysis of the SSRs on 16 barley cultivars revealed variable levels of informativeness but no obvious correlation was found with SSR repeat length, motif type, or map position. (genetics.org)
  • À 25°C, P. ultimum détenait le plus grand pouvoir pathogène, provoquant 97,0 % de PR et 46,4 % de FS, en moyenne, chez les deux cultivars utilisés. (erudit.org)
  • The experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani province, Northeast Thailand during June 2002 to May 2003 aims to identify DNA fingerprints of thirty papaya cultivars with the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) technique. (scialert.net)
  • The results on dendrogram cluster analysis revealed that the thirty papaya cultivars were classified into six groups i.e., (1) Kaeg Dum and Malador (2) Kaeg Nuan (3) Pakchong and Solo (4) Taiwan (5) Co Coa Hai Nan and (6) Sitong. (scialert.net)
Agarose1
  • Place fragments into one end of a bed of agarose gel with electrodes in it. (howstuffworks.com)
Primers amplified1
Segregant analysis1
  • A total of 300 combinations of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primers were screened for polymorphisms using bulked segregant analysis. (apsnet.org)
AMOVA1
  • Here, SSR analysis indicated a reduced number of shared haplotypes among accessions, whereas the highest genetic components of AMOVA variation were found within accessions. (scielo.br)
Blot2
  • The second diagram shows how this fragment size variation would look on a Southern blot, and how each allele (two per individual) might be inherited in members of a family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first methods used for DNA fingerprinting involved restriction enzyme digestion, followed by Southern blot analysis. (wikidoc.org)
Complementary2
  • Hybridization of the membrane to a labeled DNA probe then determines the length of the fragments which are complementary to the probe. (wikipedia.org)
  • A subset of the restriction fragments are then amplified using primers complementary to the adaptor and part of the restriction site fragments (as described in detail below). (science20.com)
Subset1
  • A subset of the restriction fragments is then selected to be amplified. (wikipedia.org)
VNTR3
  • In allele c, there are five repeats in the VNTR, and the probe detects a longer fragment between the two restriction sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • In allele d, there are only two repeats in the VNTR, so the probe detects a shorter fragment between the same two restriction sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Variations of VNTR allele lengths in 6 individuals. (wikidoc.org)
FAFLP1
  • We used the fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) method to study the genetic diversity of L. vannamei broodstock lines 03CMF1 and 03CBF1 originally produced by breeder-shrimps imported mainly from Panama and Ecuador , although wild individuals from other localities may also have been used in producing these two lines. (bvsalud.org)
Technique5
  • AFLP® is a technique used to detect polymorphisms in DNA when no information about the genome is known. (thermofisher.com)
  • In detail, the procedure of this technique is divided into three steps: Digestion of total cellular DNA with one or more restriction enzymes and ligation of restriction half-site specific adaptors to all restriction fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Which technique to use depends on a couple of factors, including cost, time available for analysis and the quality and amount of the DNA sample available. (howstuffworks.com)
  • AmpFLP , amplified fragment length polymorphism, is another technique that uses PCR to replicate DNA. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Usually this technique has three steps: first, digestion of total plant DNA with one or more restriction enzymes and ligation of restriction half-site specific adaptors to all restriction fragments. (omicsonline.org)
Genome-wide1
  • Methods: To investigate whether low-dose BPA exposure in the fetal stage can alter CpG methylation levels in the central nervous system, the hippocampus of the inbred C57BL/6 J mouse as the target tissue was collected to detect alterations in CpG methylation levels using a highly sensitive method of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, methylated site display-amplified fragment length polymorphism (MSD-AFLP). (deepdyve.com)
Phylogenetic2
  • The results of the multigene phylogenetic analyses confirm that L. monocytogenes comprises at least three evolutionary lineages, demonstrate that lineages most frequently (lineage 1) and least frequently (lineage 3) associated with human listeriosis are sister-groups, and reveal for the first time that the human epidemic associated serotype 4b is prevalent among strains from lineage 1 and lineage 3. (asm.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that M. dispar is genetically close to M. flocculare and M. hyopneumoniae . (g3journal.org)
Methods1
  • Various fragment-based typing methods have been used to differentiate L. monocytogenes strains at the subspecies or strain level ( 30 ). (asm.org)
Comparative1
  • Comparative analysis showed a high collinearity relationship between M. dispar GS01 and type strain ATCC 27140. (g3journal.org)
Variation3
  • In a test based on 28 interspecific introgression lines, the existence of genetic variation associated with T. urartu chromosome fragments was proven for the seed content of carotenoids, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and zinc. (g3journal.org)
  • By interval analysis, one major quantitative trait locus for scab resistance explaining up to 60% of the genetic variation for scab resistance was identified. (apsnet.org)
  • A variation on STR analysis is Y-STR. (howstuffworks.com)
Chromosome1
  • Provided are Brassica plants and seeds comprising a fragment of chromosome 8 of a wild B. rapa accession in their genome, wherein this fragment comprises a blackleg resistance. (google.com)
Commonly1
  • Forest fragments commonly exhibit suboptimal site conditions, which can result in enhanced clonal reproduction, and a potential reduction in clonal diversity due to increased selfing and inbreeding depression. (cambridge.org)
Predictive Fluorescent Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Escherichia coli: High-Resolution Typing Method with...
Predictive Fluorescent Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Escherichia coli: High-Resolution Typing Method with... (jcm.asm.org)
Relationships among Asian persimmon cultivars, astringent and non-astringent types | SpringerLink
Relationships among Asian persimmon cultivars, astringent and non-astringent types | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
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Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, 5 Volume Set | Forensics | Analytical Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley (wiley.com)
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Frontiers | Whole Genome-Based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Genetic Diversity in Candida africana |... (frontiersin.org)
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Parasite Genomics Protocols | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
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Gene flow contributes to diversification of the major fungal pathogen Candida albicans | Nature Communications (nature.com)
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Comparative analyses of genetic diversities within tomato and pepper collections detected by retrotransposon-based SSAP, AFLP... (link.springer.com)
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A mobile pathogenicity chromosome in Fusarium oxysporum for infection of multiple cucurbit species | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
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Comparative Genome Analysis of the Mollicutes | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
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The influence of forest fragmentation on clonal diversity and genetic structure in Heliconia angusta, an endemic understorey... (cambridge.org)
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Creating a DNA Profile | HowStuffWorks (science.howstuffworks.com)
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DNA sequence conservation between the Bacillus anthracis pXO2 plasmid and genomic sequence from closely related bacteria | BMC... (bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com)
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Environmental and geographic variables are effective surrogates for genetic variation in conservation planning | PNAS (pnas.org)
3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy | The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? | The National Academies Press
3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy | The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? | The National Academies Press (nap.edu)
Figure - Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus - Volume 12, Number 7-July 2006 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure - Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus - Volume 12, Number 7-July 2006 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
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A Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Linkage Map of Barley | Genetics (genetics.org)