Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Amphetamines
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Dextroamphetamine
The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.
Methamphetamine
Substance Abuse Detection
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Stereotyped Behavior
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Nucleus Accumbens
Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.
Dopamine Agents
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
Street Drugs
Designer Drugs
Drugs designed and synthesized, often for illegal street use, by modification of existing drug structures (e.g., amphetamines). Of special interest are MPTP (a reverse ester of meperidine), MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Many drugs act on the aminergic system, the physiologically active biogenic amines.
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Hallucinogens
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
Methylphenidate
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
p-Chloroamphetamine
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.
Neostriatum
Microdialysis
Phenmetrazine
Dopamine Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.
Nomifensine
An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266)
Pyrazolones
Receptors, Dopamine D2
Ephedrine
A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
Fenfluramine
Psychoses, Substance-Induced
Benzphetamine
Conditioning, Operant
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Reward
Caudate Nucleus
Hyperkinesis
Ventral Tegmental Area
A region in the MESENCEPHALON which is dorsomedial to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and ventral to the RED NUCLEUS. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the positive symptoms of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
alpha-Methyltyrosine
Serotonin Agents
Phenethylamines
Apomorphine
Drug Interactions
Receptors, Biogenic Amine
Cell surface proteins that bind biogenic amines with high affinity and regulate intracellular signals which influence the behavior of cells. Biogenic amine is a chemically imprecise term which, by convention, includes the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, the indoleamine serotonin, the imidazolamine histamine, and compounds closely related to each of these.
Phenylpropanolamine
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Raclopride
Self Administration
Adrenergic Agents
Barbiturates
Rats, Long-Evans
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.
Reserpine
An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.
Chlorfenvinphos
Hair
Psychotropic Drugs
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay
Startle Reaction
Specific Gravity
Locomotion
Selegiline
A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Receptors, Dopamine D1
Receptors, Dopamine
Sympathomimetics
Tyramine
An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
Biogenic Monoamines
Exploratory Behavior
Narcolepsy
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
Conditioning, Classical
Stereoisomerism
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Phencyclidine
A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.
Immunoassay
Euphoria
Phentermine
Reinforcement Schedule
Catalepsy
A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA, CATATONIC), nervous system drug toxicity, and other conditions.
Putamen
Narcotics
Biogenic Amines
A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.
Tranylcypromine
A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Analysis of Variance
Yawning
Mescaline
Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.
Prenylamine
Lisuride
Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of noradrenergic neurons. They remove NOREPINEPHRINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. It regulates signal amplitude and duration at noradrenergic synapses and is the target of ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS.
Catha
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Extra-vesicular binding of noradrenaline and guanethidine in the adrenergic neurones of the rat heart: a proposed site of action of adrenergic neurone blocking agents. (1/1182)
1 The binding and efflux characteristics of [14C]-guanethidine and [3H]-noradrenaline were studied in heart slices from rats which were pretreated with reserpine and nialamide. 2 Binding of both compounds occurred at extra-vesicular sites within the adrenergic neurone. After a brief period of rapid washout, the efflux of [14C]-guanethidine and [3H]-noradrenaline proceeded at a steady rate. The efflux of both compounds appeared to occur from a single intraneuronal compartment. 3 (+)-Amphetamine accelerated the efflux of [14C]-noradrenaline; this effect was inhibited by desipramine. 4 Unlabelled guanethidine and amantadine also increased the efflux of labelled compounds. Cocaine in high concentrations increased slightly the efflux of [14C]-guanethidine but not that of [3H]-noradrenaline. 5 Heart slices labelled with [3H]-noradrenaline became refractory to successive exposures to releasing agents although an appreciable amount of labelled compound was still present in in these slices. 6 It is suggested that [14C]-guanethidine and [3H]-noradrenaline are bound at a common extravesicular site within the adrenergic neurone. Binding of guanethidine to the extra-vesicular site may be relevant to its pharmacological action, i.e., the blockade of adrenergic transmission. (+info)Acquisition of nicotine discrimination and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats chronically exposed to caffeine. (2/1182)
Caffeine and nicotine are the main psychoactive ingredients of coffee and tobacco, with a high frequency of concurrent use in humans. This study examined the effects of chronic caffeine exposure on 1) rates of acquisition of a nicotine discrimination (0.1 or 0.4 mg/kg, s.c., training doses) and 2) the pharmacological characteristics of the established nicotine discrimination in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Once rats learned to lever-press reliably under a fixed ratio of 10 schedule for food pellets, they were randomly divided into two groups; 12 animals were maintained continuously on caffeine added to the drinking water (3 mg/ml) and another 12 control rats continued to drink tap water. In each group of water- and caffeine-drinking rats, there were six rats trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg of nicotine from saline and six rats trained to discriminate 0.4 mg/kg of nicotine from saline. Regardless of the training dose of nicotine, both water- and caffeine-drinking groups required a comparable number of training sessions to attain reliable stimulus control, although there was a trend for a slower acquisition in the caffeine-drinking group trained with 0.1 mg/kg of nicotine. Tests for generalization to different doses of nicotine revealed no significant differences in potency of nicotine between water- and caffeine-drinking groups. The nicotinic-receptor antagonist mecamylamine blocked the discriminative effects of 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine with comparable potency and efficacy in water- and caffeine-drinking groups. There was a dose-related generalization to both the 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine cue (maximum average of 51-83%) in water-drinking rats after i.p. treatment with d-amphetamine, cocaine, the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR-12909, apomorphine, and the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF-82958, but not in caffeine-drinking rats (0-22%). There was no generalization to the nicotine cues after i.p. treatment with caffeine or the selective D2 (NPA) and D3 (PD 128,907) dopamine-receptor agonists in water- and caffeine-drinking rats. The dopamine-release inhibitor CGS 10746B reduced the discriminative effects of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine in water-drinking rats, but not in caffeine-drinking rats. There was no evidence of development of tolerance or sensitization to nicotine's effects throughout the study. In conclusion, chronic caffeine exposure (average, 135 mg/kg/day) did not affect the rate of acquisition of the nicotine discrimination, but it did reduce the dopaminergic component of the nicotine-discriminative cue. The reduction of the dopaminergic component of the nicotine cue was permanent, as this effect was still evident after the caffeine solution was replaced with water in caffeine-drinking rats. That nicotine could reliably serve as a discriminative stimulus in the absence of the dopaminergic component of its discriminative cue may differentiate nicotine from "classical dopaminergic" drugs of abuse such as cocaine and amphetamine. (+info)N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication. (3/1182)
(+)- And (-)-amphetamine and methamphetamine were N-oxygenated by the cDNA expressed adult human flavin-containing monooxygenase form 3 (FMO3), their corresponding hydroxylamines. Two major polymorphic forms of human FMO3 were studied, and the results suggested preferential N-oxygenation by only one of the two enzymes. Chemically synthesized (+/-)-amphetamine hydroxylamine was also a substrate for the human FMO3 and it was converted to phenylpropanone oxime with a stereoselectivity ratio of trans/cis of 5:1. Human FMO3 also N-oxygenated methamphetamine to produce methamphetamine hydroxylamine. Methamphetamine hydroxylamine was also N-oxygenated by human FMO3, and the ultimate product observed was phenylpropanone. For amphetamine hydroxylamine, studies of the biochemical mechanism of product formation were consistent with the production of an N, N-dioxygenated intermediate that lead to phenylpropanone oxime. This was supported by the observation that alpha-deutero (+/-)-amphetamine hydroxylamine gave an inverse kinetic isotope effect on product formation in the presence of human FMO3. For methamphetamine, the data were consistent with a mechanism of human FMO3-mediated N,N-dioxygenation but the immediate product, a nitrone, rapidly hydrolyzed to phenylpropanone. The pharmacological activity of amphetamine hydroxylamine, phenylpropanone oxime, and methamphetamine hydroxylamine were examined for effects at the human dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters. Amphetamine hydroxylamine and methamphetamine hydroxylamine were apparent substrates for the human biogenic amine transporters but phenylpropanone oxime was not. Presumably, phenylpropanone oxime or nitrone formation from amphetamine and methamphetamine, respectively, represents a detoxication process. Because of the potential toxic nature of amphetamine hydroxylamine and methamphetamine hydroxylamine metabolites and the polymorphic nature of N-oxygenation, human FMO3-mediated metabolism of amphetamine or methamphetamine may have clinical consequences. (+info)The Ca2+ channel blockade changes the behavioral and biochemical effects of immobilization stress. (4/1182)
We investigated how the effects of chronic immobilization stress in rats are modified by Ca2+ channel blockade preceding restraint sessions. The application of nifedipine (5 mg/kg) shortly before each of seven daily 2 h restraint sessions prevented the development of sensitized response to amphetamine as well as the stress-induced elevation of the densities of L-type Ca2+ channel in the hippocampus and significantly reduced the elevation of the densities of [3H]nitrendipine binding sites in the cortex and D1 dopamine receptors in the limbic forebrain. Neither stress, nor nifedipine affected the density of alpha 1-adrenoceptors and D1 receptors in the cerebral cortex nor D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum. A single restraint session caused an elevation of blood corticosterone level that remained unaffected by nifedipine pretreatment, but the reduction of this response during the eighth session was significantly less expressed in nifedipine-treated rats. We conclude that L-type calcium channel blockade prevents development of several stress-induced adaptive responses. (+info)Necessary role for ventral tegmental area adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A in induction of behavioral sensitization to intraventral tegmental area amphetamine. (5/1182)
In the present study, we investigated the effects of selective activation or inhibition of ventral tegmental area (VTA) adenylate cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) on long-term sensitization induced by repeated intra-VTA or peripheral amphetamine (AMPH). Selective inhibition of AC by SQ 22,536 (9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine; 100 nmol/side bilateral into VTA) had no effect on acute basal locomotion but attenuated the locomotor stimulation induced by acute i.p. AMPH (1.5 mg/kg). Coinjection of SQ 22,536 (100 nmol/side) fully blocked the sensitization induced by repeated intra-VTA AMPH (15 nmol/side) but had no detectable effect on the sensitization induced by repeated i. p. AMPH. Persistent activation of AC by intra-VTA cholera toxin (500 ng/side) modestly increased acute locomotion and induced a robust sensitization to i.p. AMPH challenge 10 days after the last of three repeated VTA microinjections. Selective inhibition of PKA by Rp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine (Rp-cAMPS; 25 nmol/side) had no effect on acute basal or AMPH-stimulated locomotion. Coinjection of Rp-cAMPS (25 nmol/side) fully blocked the sensitization induced by repeated intra-VTA AMPH but had no effect on sensitization induced by repeated i.p. AMPH. Intra-VTA microinjection of the selective PKA activator Sp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine (Sp-cAMPS; 25-100 nmol/side) dose-dependently stimulated acute locomotion and exerted synergistic effects on locomotor activity when coinfused into the VTA with AMPH but had no detectable effect on acute i.p. AMPH-induced locomotion. Repeated intra-VTA Sp-cAMPS did not induce sensitization to AMPH challenge but potentiated the sensitization induced by repeated i.p. AMPH. These results suggest that VTA cAMP signal transduction is necessary for the induction of persistent sensitization to intra-VTA amphetamine and that peripheral and intra-VTA AMPH may not induce behavioral sensitization by identical mechanisms. (+info)Modulation of amphetamine-stimulated [3H]dopamine release from rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by sigma type 2 receptors. (6/1182)
An important regulatory mechanism of synaptic dopamine (DA) levels is activation of the dopamine transporter (DAT), which is a target for many drugs of abuse, including amphetamine (AMPH). sigma receptors are located in dopaminergic brain areas critical to reinforcement. We found previously that agonists at sigma2 receptors enhanced the AMPH-stimulated release of [3H]DA from slices of rat caudate-putamen. In the present study, we modeled this response in undifferentiated pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cells, which contain both the DAT and sigma2 receptors but not neural networks that can complicate investigation of individual neuronal mechanisms. We found that enhancement of AMPH-stimulated [3H]DA release by the sigma agonist (+)-pentazocine was blocked by sigma2 receptor antagonists. Additionally, the reduction in the effect of (+)-pentazocine by the inclusion of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acid led us to hypothesize that sigma2 receptor activation initiated a Ca2+-dependent process that resulted in enhancing the outward flow of DA via the DAT. The source of Ca2+ required for the enhancement of reverse transport did not appear to be via N- or L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, because it was not affected by nitrendipine or omega-conotoxin. However, two inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II blocked enhancement in AMPH-stimulated release by (+)-pentazocine. Our findings suggest that sigma2 receptors are coupled to the DAT via a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II transduction system in PC12 cells, and that sigma2 receptor antagonists might be useful in the treatment of drug abuse by blocking elevation of DA levels via reversal of the DAT. (+info)Effects of atypical antipsychotic drug treatment on amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release in patients with psychotic disorders. (7/1182)
Clozapine, risperidone, and other new "atypical" antipsychotic agents are distinguished from traditional neuroleptic drugs by having clinical efficacy with either no or low levels of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Preclinical models have focused on striatal dopamine systems to account for their atypical profile. In this study, we examined the effects of clozapine and risperidone on amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release in patients with psychotic disorders. A novel 11C-raclopride/PET paradigm was used to derive estimates of amphetamine-induced changes in striatal synaptic dopamine concentrations and patients were scanned while antipsychotic drug-free and during chronic treatment with either clozapine or risperidone. We found that amphetamine produced significant reductions in striatal 11C-raclopride binding during the drug-free and antipsychotic drug treatment phases of the study which reflects enhanced dopamine release in both conditions. There were no significant differences in % 11C-raclopride changes between the two conditions indicating that these atypical agents do not effect amphetamine-related striatal dopamine release. The implications for these data for antipsychotic drug action are discussed. (+info)Review article: mechanisms and management of hepatotoxicity in ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamine intoxications. (8/1182)
The social use of ecstasy (methylenedioxymethampheta-mine, MDMA) and amphetamines is widespread in the UK and Europe, and they are popularly considered as 'safe'. However, deaths have occurred and hepatotoxicity has featured in many cases of intoxication with amphetamine or its methylenedioxy analogues such as ecstasy. Recreational use of these drugs presents an important but often concealed cause of hepatitis or acute liver failure, particularly in young people. The patterns of liver damage and multiple putative mechanisms of injury are discussed. Recognition of the aetiological agent requires a high index of suspicion. Optimum management of the resultant liver damage, including the controversial role of liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure, is also discussed. (+info)
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Amphetamine
The term "amphetamines" also refers to a chemical class, but, unlike the class of substituted amphetamines, the "amphetamines" ... ADZENYS XR-ODT (amphetamine extended-release orally disintegrating tablet) contains a 3 to 1 ratio of d- to l-amphetamine, a ... Following amphetamine uptake at VMAT2, amphetamine induces the collapse of the vesicular pH gradient, which results in the ... DYANAVEL XR contains d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine in a ratio of 3.2 to 1 ... The most common (≥2% in the DYANAVEL XR group ...
Amphetamine (disambiguation)
Look up amphetamine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Amphetamine is a stimulant drug. Amphetamine may also refer to: ... "Amphetamine", a song by Everclear from So Much for the Afterglow History and culture of amphetamines This disambiguation page ... amphetamine), the drug's levorotatory enantiomer Adderall, a brand of mixed amphetamine salts Lisdexamfetamine, a prodrug of ... Substituted amphetamine, a class of chemical compounds based upon the amphetamine structure Dextroamphetamine (dexamfetamine, ( ...
Substituted amphetamine
Amphetamine was first produced at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds ... Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds ... For example, (S)-amphetamine, commonly known as d-amphetamine or dextroamphetamine, displays five times greater psychostimulant ... Examples of substituted amphetamines are amphetamine (itself), methamphetamine, ephedrine, cathinone, phentermine, ...
Amphetamine (film)
Amphetamine (Chinese: 安非他命; Jyutping: on1 fei1 taa1 ming6) is a 2010 Hong Kong film starring Byron Pang and Thomas Price. It ... Byron Pang as Kafka Tom Price as Daniel Linda So as May Winnie Leung as Linda 安非他命_(電影) Amphetamine (film) An uncut version of ... 安非他命》雞姦戲變「黑畫面」准上映 [Amphetamine anal intercourse shots are changed to blackout for public screening]. Ming Pao (in Chinese). 1 ... The next morning, Daniel does amphetamine with Kafka, and Kafka confesses that despite everything he's done wrong, he
Amphetamine dependence
... refers to a state of psychological dependence on a drug in the amphetamine class. Stimulants such as ... Amphetamine use within teenagers can have lasting effects on their brain, in particular the prefrontal cortex. Amphetamine use ... When substituted amphetamines are used, drug tolerance develops rapidly. Amphetamine dependence has shown to have the highest ... this will combine the amphetamine with a negative thing or opposite stimulus. Treatment for amphetamines is growing at ...
Amphetamine Reptile Records
"Amphetamine Reptile Records Documentary The Color Of Noise". mxdwn.com. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2020. "Amphetamine ... Amphetamine Reptile Records (or AmRep Industries) is a record label founded in 1986 by Tom Hazelmyer in Washington state. The ... "Protonic Reversal Ep169: Tom Hazelmyer (Amphetamine Reptile)". protonicreversal.com. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020. ... Amphetamine Reptile Tour - Friday, October 30, 1992, at The Ritz List of record labels Riemenschneider, Chris (October 3, 2005 ...
Amphetamine type stimulant
... amphetamine psychosis. Amphetamine, the parent compound of amphetamine-type stimulants was first synthesized by Romanian ... After its discovery, amphetamine was purified and put into medical use in the 1900s. Amphetamine was originally sold as a ... However, amphetamine-type stimulants is not prescribed for this use legally. Amphetamine is frequently used for pleasure and ... However, the urinary excretion of amphetamine and other ATS is highly dependent on the pH. A small amount of amphetamine is ...
Amphetamine Reptile Records discography
Specific Amphetamine Reptile Records at Discogs (Discographies of American record labels, Amphetamine Reptile Records). ... Amphetamine Reptile Records is an American record label founded in 1986 by American musician Tom Hazelmyer. General " ... "Amphetamine Reptile Records Discography". amphetaminereptile.com. Retrieved June 23, 2020. ...
Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, also known as CART, is a neuropeptide protein that in humans is encoded by the ... Amphetamine Cocaine Douglass J, Daoud S (March 1996). "Characterization of the human cDNA and genomic DNA encoding CART: a ... cocaine-+and+amphetamine-regulated+transcript+protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ( ... Zhang M, Han L, Xu Y (November 2011). "Roles of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the central nervous system". ...
Bread and Amphetamines
Bread & Amphetamines (Khlyab i amfeti) (Bulgarian: "Хляб и амфети") is the fourth solo studio album by Bulgarian rapper Big Sha ...
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoroethyl)amphetamine
... (DOEF; also known as dimethoxyfluoroethylamphetamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic ... Substituted amphetamines, Fluoroethyl compounds, All stub articles, Psychoactive drug stubs). ...
History and culture of substituted amphetamines
"A Synthesis of Amphetamine. J. Chem. Educ. 51, 671 (1974)". Erowid.org. Retrieved 9 January 2011. Otto Snow (2002). Amphetamine ... Land Speed Record is an allusion to Hüsker Dü's amphetamine use.[citation needed] Amphetamine was widely abused in the 1980s ... Asia & Pacific Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Information Centre "Oliver Sacks: on amphetamines, Oliver Sacks Foundation". YouTube ... Other examples include the song "Amphetamine" by Alternative rock band Everclear, "Amphetamine" by Three Souls in My Mind, "20 ...
Oussama Mellouli
However, amphetamines are on the official banned substances list; and can/do help swimming performance. Wikinews has related ... Mellouli has since admitted that he took the ADD medication Adderall, a stimulant and a form of amphetamine. (Already in June ... amphetamine... and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s). (p. 7) This passage ...
Racing thoughts
Since amphetamines are a stimulant, use of these drugs result in a state that resembles the manic phase of bipolar disorder and ... Amphetamines are used as a stimulant to trigger the central nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure while ... "Amphetamine". drugs.com. Cerner Multum. April 12, 2009. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 11 ... Racing thoughts are also associated with sleep deprivation, hyperthyroidism and the use of amphetamines. Racing thoughts may be ...
Substantia nigra
Amphetamine is similar in structure to dopamine and trace amines; as a consequence, it can enter the presynaptic neuron via DAT ... In addition, amphetamine and trace amines are substrates for the neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter, vesicular monoamine ... "Amphetamine". DrugBank. University of Alberta. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013. Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). " ... Studies have shown that, in certain brain regions, amphetamine and trace amines increase the concentrations of dopamine in the ...
Fluorenol
"Amphetamine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-09-20. Dunn, D.; Hostetler, G.; Iqbal, M.; Marcy, V. R.; Lin, Y. G.; ... The lipophilicity of fluorenol (LogP 2.4) is higher than that of drugs like modafinil (LogP 1.7) and amphetamine (LogP 1.8), ...
Warren Sonbert
His first film, Amphetamine, featured a shock cut to two young men passionately embracing as the camera swooped around them in ... Amphetamine (1966) Where Did Our Love Go? (1966) Hall of Mirrors (1966) The Bad and the Beautiful (1967) Truth Serum (1967) ... "Films: 'Amphetamine'". "Future for the Past: A Tribute to Warren Sonbert & the Estate Project." San Francisco International ...
The Heroine Sheiks
The initial lineup of Selberg, Porfiris, Westberg, and J Bryan Bowden recorded the first single on Amphetamine Reptile records ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "AR073: The Heroine Sheiks". Amphetamine Reptile. Retrieved May 27, 2008 ... Amphetamine Reptile Records artists, Musical groups from New York (state), Musical groups from Minnesota, Musical groups ... Amphetamine Reptile) "Heroine Sheiks" - (1999, Reptilian) "Best Enemies/Oucha" - (2002, Rubric) Live at The Ottobar - (2005, ...
Philip Best
Amphetamine Sulphate. ISBN 978-0-9991825-3-6. "American Campgrounds: Philip Best / Peter Sotos". Archived from the original on ... In 2016, a 60-page chapbook of writings by Best was published by Amphetamine Sulphate. In 2010, a collection of Best's artwork ...
Blonde on Blonde
The reference to Baby's penchant for "fog ... amphetamine and ... pearls" suggests Sedgwick or a similar debutante, according ...
2C-D
"Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (1): 134-5. doi:10.1021/jm00295a034. ...
Loudhouse
Mog Stunt Team Credits (liner notes). Amphetamine Reptile. AmRep061. Retrieved November 13, 2020. Graff, Gary (April 26, 2018 ... The band was signed to the prominent underground label Amphetamine Reptile Records. Dombroski, the Cross brothers, and Mazzola ...
Elevation Records
"Baby Amphetamine". Archived from the original on 5 October 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2008. Dee, Johnny (1988) "It's Different ...
Beta blocker
Richards JR, Albertson TE, Derlet RW, Lange RA, Olson KR, Horowitz BZ (May 2015). "Treatment of toxicity from amphetamines, ... Handly, Neal (December 16, 2016). "Toxicity, Amphetamine". Medscape. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Wyeth ...
Steve Wynn (musician)
Wynn's song "Amphetamine" from Static Transmission was re-recorded by the cast of the movie Bandslam and performed in its ... "Amphetamine [Bandslam]". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22. Retrieved 21 June 2021. "Crossing Dragon Bridge - ...
Norepinephrine transporter
Amphetamines have an effect on norepinephrine levels similar to that of cocaine in that they both increase NE levels in the ... Amphetamines cause a large accumulation of extracellular NE. High levels of NE in the brain account for most of the profound ... Amphetamine-like drugs are substrates for monoamine transporters, include NET, that cause a reversal in the direction of ... However, the effects that amphetamines have on the brain are slower but last longer than the effects cocaine has on the brain. ...
Thomas Price (actor)
Chase and Amphetamine. Price was the joint lead, with Byron Pang, in the film Amphetamine. He played the character of Daniel. ... Marsh, James (2010-04-07). "HKIFF 2010: Amphetamine Review". Twitch.com. Retrieved 2010-04-08. "S.M.A.R.T. Chase new movie ... Lee, Maggie (2010-03-22). "Amphetamine - Film Review". Hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved 2010-04-08. ...
List of feature films with bisexual characters
Staff, Thr (14 October 2010). "Amphetamine - Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. "'Black Swan' lesbian sex scene led to most ...
Para-Chloroamphetamine
Ross, S. B.; Ögren, S. O.; Renyi, A. L. (2009). "Substituted Amphetamine Derivatives. I. Effect on Uptake and Release of ... Ögren, S. O.; Ross, S. B. (2009). "Substituted Amphetamine Derivatives. II. Behavioural Effects in Mice Related to ... para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), also known as 4-chloroamphetamine (4-CA), is a substituted amphetamine and monoamine releaser ... Substituted amphetamines para-Chloromethamphetamine (4-CMA) Chlorphentermine 3,4-Dichloroamphetamine (DCA) 4-Fluoroamphetamine ...
Smile (The Beach Boys album)
... classic amphetamine psychosis. He was taking a lot of amphetamines, in the form of Desbutal, which is methedrine and some ... one of the effects of the amphetamine is the God-like feeling, combined with the fear. The things that you do, you see as ...
Amphetamine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Amphetamine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking amphetamine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to amphetamine, other stimulant medications ... If you or your child are taking amphetamine for ADHD, your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of amphetamine and ... Alcohol can make the side effects from amphetamine worse.. *you should know that amphetamine should be used as part of a total ...
Browsing by Subject "Amphetamine"
Amphetamine Toxicity Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests
Synthetic amphetamine compounds commonly are produced in clandestine laboratories and vary in purity and potency. ... Amphetamines are a class of compounds increasingly abused in regions of the world such as the western United States, ... encoded search term (Amphetamine Toxicity) and Amphetamine Toxicity What to Read Next on Medscape ... Amphetamine Toxicity Workup. Updated: Oct 21, 2021 * Author: Neal Handly, MD, MS, MSc; Chief Editor: Jeter (Jay) Pritchard ...
Amphetamine-Related Psychiatric Disorders: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Amphetamine-induced anxiety disorder Amphetamine-induced mood disorder Amphetamine-induced psychotic disorder with delusions ... Amphetamine-induced psychosis results after increased use of amphetamines, as observed in binge use or after protracted use. ... Prescription amphetamines induce the release of dopamine in a dose-dependent manner; low doses of amphetamines deplete large ... Amphetamine use may elicit or be associated with the recurrence of other psychiatric disorders. People addicted to amphetamines ...
Browsing by Subject "Amphetamine"
Notes from the Field: Amphetamine Use Among Workers with Severe Hyperthermia - Eight States, 2010-2019 | MMWR
This report describes cases of workers who developed heat-related illnesses after taking amphetamines and working in a hot ... This report describes cases of workers who developed heat-related illnesses after taking amphetamines and working in a hot ... and four qualitative screening tests detected amphetamine or amphetamine analogs in workers without amphetamine prescriptions. ... The most common medically important amphetamine-class substances are amphetamine and its two enantiomers (levoamphetamine and ...
Amphetamine on the Mac App Store
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Amphetamine Reptile - BrooklynVegan ? Page 2
Amphetamine Reptile. upcoming Lubricated Goat Woman, Pink Reason, other shows. upcoming Lubricated Goat Woman, Pink Reason, ... Arab on Radar playing Dudefest 2010 in Indiana, Amphetamine Reptile celebrating 25 years in Minneapolis (both lineups). Arab on ... Arab on Radar playing Dudefest 2010 in Indiana, Amphetamine Reptile celebrating 25 years in Minneapolis (both lineups). ...
Substance use - amphetamines | Lima Memorial Health System
Substance use - amphetamines. Substance abuse - amphetamines; Drug abuse - amphetamines; Drug use - amphetamines. ... There are different kinds of street amphetamines. Common ones and some of their slang terms are:. *Amphetamine: goey, louee, ... Some people use amphetamines to help them stay awake on the job or to study for a test. Others use them to boost their ... Amphetamines are drugs. They can be legal or illegal. They are legal when they are prescribed by a doctor and used to treat ...
Mesoaccumbens dopamine and the self-administration of amphetamine
Amphetamine - HealthLibrary
Before taking amphetamine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to amphetamine, other stimulant medications ... If you or your child are taking amphetamine for ADHD, your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of amphetamine and ... Alcohol can make the side effects from amphetamine worse.. *you should know that amphetamine should be used as part of a total ... If you are taking amphetamine for narcolepsy, your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of amphetamine and increase ...
Amphetamine Addiction: 5 Signs You May Have a Problem
Here are the top signs that you may have an addiction to amphetamines. ... Are you misusing amphetamines? Here are the top signs that you may have an addiction to amphetamines. ... Amphetamine Addiction: 5 Signs You May Have a Problem By Stefanie Sandler Billette, MS, ACE-CHC. Medically Reviewed by Yilang ... Using an amphetamine in a way that your prescribing medical provider did not intend may be a sign of addiction. ...
Amphetamine regimen does not improve post-stroke motor recovery
A pilot clinical trial exploring the benefit of d-amphetamine combined with physical therapy for stroke patients found no ... Tags: Amphetamine, Brain, Clinical Trial, Depression, Efficacy, Fatigue, Frequency, Ischemic Stroke, Mental Health, Neurology, ... Amphetamine regimen does not improve post-stroke motor recovery. *Download PDF Copy ... Amphetamines were first synthesized in 1887 by Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleanu, but it wasnt until the late 1920s that ...
WHO EMRO | Use of amphetamine-type stimulants in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2004-2015: a review | Volume 23, issue 3 | EMHJ...
Use of amphetamine-type stimulants in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2004-2015: a review ... ABSTRACT Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most commonly used illicit drugs in the world, after cannabis. The ... Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are one of the main forms of stimulant drugs. Most ATS are chemical compounds synthesized ... In Australia, the use amphetamines more than 5 times in the past year was in found 3.9% of the population aged 15 to 64 and ATS ...
D-amphetamine (Dexedrine; Adderal) = Serotonin? linkadge | Psycho-Babble
All in all, most of the literature I found states that amphetamine releases serotonin. You were right (as usual... ... D-amphetamine (Dexedrine; Adderal) = Serotonin? linkadge SLS 5/2/12. *D-amphetamine (Dexedrine; Adderal) = Serotonin? linkadge ... Amphetamine was the weakest at increasing extracellular serotonin. This is not an insignificant finding. However, again, it is ... D-amphetamine (Dexedrine; Adderal) = Serotonin? linkadge. Posted by SLS on May 2, 2012, at 7:05:49 ...
Saudi Arabia seizes record 47 million amphetamine pills hidden in flour shipment | CNN
Authorities in Saudi Arabia have confiscated 47 million amphetamine pills which were hidden in a flour shipment, in an ... Some 47 million amphetamine pills hidden in a flour shipment were seized by Saudi Arabias authorities. ... The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) previously said "reports of amphetamine seizures from countries in the ... Authorities in Saudi Arabia have confiscated 47 million amphetamine pills which were hidden in a flour shipment, in an ...
Will meclizine make you test positive for amphetamine in your urine?
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Amphetamine Use Soars in Locked Down Finland: Study | Courthouse News Service
Amphetamine Use Soars in Locked Down Finland: Study. Finns may be known for their love of vodka and beer, but growing numbers ... Amphetamines can be used to treat medical conditions such as ADHD, but is also taken recreationally, sometimes under the name " ... Use of amphetamines in the country of 5.5 million people has tripled since 2013 according to wastewater studies, Gunnar said. ... Although researchers could not directly link the spike in drug use to the lockdown, "the fact remains that amphetamine use has ...
Mixed amphetamine salts | CADTH
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20029910 - Temperature and neurotoxicity - lessons from the amphetamines.
... our work examining the neurotoxicity of the substituted amphetamines (SAs) (e.g., amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ... our work examining the neurotoxicity of the substituted amphetamines (SAs) (e.g., amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, ... within the Rave dance culture and interest in its use as a psychotherapy adjunct as well as treatment of ADHD with amphetamine ...
Amphetamine - wikidoc
Amphetamine derivatives, often referred to as "amphetamines" or "substituted amphetamines", are a broad range of chemicals that ... Although there are a variety of amphetamines and amphetamine derivatives, the word "amphetamines" in this review stands for ... amphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine aspartate"[29]) is excessively long, this article exclusively refers to this amphetamine ... "Amphetamine. Chemspider. Retrieved 6 November 2013.. *↑ "Chemical and Physical Properties". Amphetamine. PubChem Compound. ...
Erowid Experience Vaults: Amphetamines Reports in category: Bad Trips
A list of experiences with Amphetamines in category Bad Trips ... Amphetamines. Jul 24 2006. Agony Of Speeding In The UK. UKOK. ... Amphetamine (Adderall). Sep 11 2001. A Psychotic Trip to Hell Itself. Unknown. Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ketamine & LSD. Jun 6 ... LSD, Amphetamines, Cannabis, Alcohol & MDMA. Sep 16 2005. World of Elves and Cops. JoJo. Amphetamines (Adderall) & Alcohol. Mar ... Amphetamines (Dexedrine). Oct 1 2009. Ruined It. MaryJaneGangsta. Cannabis, Amphetamines (Adderall) & Sleep Deprivation. May 24 ...
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 1077 : Another Abusable Amphetamine : Jackson B, Reed A Jr
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Mark Maynard | Amphetamine Reptile
Amphetamines: What Parents Need to Know (for Parents) - Print Version - Helen DeVos Children's Hospital
Amphetamines: What Parents Need to Know. What It Is:. Amphetamines are very addictive stimulants. They speed up functions in ... Amphetamines are swallowed, smoked, snorted, or injected.. What It Does:. No matter how a person takes amphetamines, these ... Even after users stop taking amphetamines, they may still have problems such as aggression, anxiety, and strong cravings for ...
Bath Salts - An Amphetamine by Any Other Name - Vista Taos
Speed, meth, amphetamines, Ecstasy are highly addictive and quite simply very bad for human and animal consumption. They have ... Bath Salts - An Amphetamine by Any Other Name. Blake Browder2021-06-03T21:52:38+00:00 ... Methyl derivatives come from theme and variation of the molecular compound of amphetamine, adding hydrogen and carbon molecules ...
Ukrainian
Here are some signs and symptoms of amphetamine abuse and how you can help someone overcome their addiction to amphetamines. ... Amphetamine-caused psychosis. Some people who abused this drug would wear themselves out with amphetamine binges, taking the ... Signs and Symptoms of Amphetamine Abuse. Amphetamine is a strong stimulant that has been used medically for situations when a ... Getting Through a Withdrawal from Amphetamine. Long-term amphetamine abusers are likely to be severely malnourished and ...
Gentech Addtabz reviews: Is this Ampheta-CDP choline supplement the closest legal Adderall, amphetamine substitute? - SF Weekly
Common amphetamines found in products that contain Adderall/amphetamines besides amphetamine and metamphetamine are going to ... And not all amphetamines are good for psychological stimulation. Some are better for sympathetic nervous system stimulation to ... Gentech Addtabz reviews: Is this Ampheta-CDP choline supplement the closest legal Adderall, amphetamine substitute?. by Sponsor ... The company makes their blend Ampheta-CDP sound like it is similar to amphetamine. If its not a substituted phenethylamine, it ...
Amphetamine withdrawal and depression
Amphetamines Define Amphetamines History of Amphetamines Amphetamines Effects Amphetamines Facts Amphetamines Street Names List ... Amphetamine Addiction Amphetamine Abuse Amphetamine Withdrawal Amphetamine Detox Amphetamine Addiction Treatment Amphetamines ... Amphetamines Articles and Refs. * Cocaine or Amphetamines: Which Recovery Program is More Difficult? ... Amphetamines.com IN PARTNERSHIP WITH AMERICAN ADDICTION CENTERS Copyright © 2022 Amphetamines.com. All Rights Reserved. ...
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Methamphetamine16
- However, with methamphetamine and other designer amphetamines, peripheral effects may not be observed. (medscape.com)
- Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. (medscape.com)
- three postmortem blood assays detected methamphetamine, and four qualitative screening tests detected amphetamine or amphetamine analogs in workers without amphetamine prescriptions. (cdc.gov)
- our work examining the neurotoxicity of the substituted amphetamines (SAs) (e.g., amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, fenfluramine) illustrate how temperature factors may affect toxicity. (cdc.gov)
- Amphetamine is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted amphetamines , [note 4] which includes prominent substances such as bupropion , cathinone , MDMA (ecstasy) , and methamphetamine . (wikidoc.org)
- After World War II, civilian use of amphetamines increased, and another form of the drug, methamphetamine- easily produced in small domestic labs-also hit the market. (narconon.org)
- Those abusing any drug, but amphetamine or methamphetamine in particular, are likely to be severely deficient in usual nutrients. (narconon.org)
- Common amphetamines found in products that contain Adderall/amphetamines besides amphetamine and metamphetamine are going to have any modifications of it, such as 4-Fluoroamphetamine , or propylhexedrine (Hexahydro-methamphetamine), phentermine (a-methyl-amphetamine), and then compounds like methylphenidate which work via dopamine reuptake inhibition rather than forced release. (sfweekly.com)
- Amphetamine and methamphetamine inhalers regarded as prescription drugs. (cornell.edu)
- From complaints by law-enforcement officials, health officials, individual physicians, parents, and others as well as from Food and Drug Administration investigations, it is evident that the wicks from these inhalers are being removed and the methamphetamine they contain is being used as a substitute for amphetamine tablets. (cornell.edu)
- b) It is the considered opinion of the Food and Drug Administration that, in order to adequately protect the public health, inhalers containing methamphetamine or methamphetamine salts (d-desoxyephedrine, or dl-desoxyephedrine, or their salts), as well as amphetamine inhalers should be restricted to prescription sale and should be labeled with the statement "Rx only. (cornell.edu)
- Amphetamine also refers to methamphetamine, a chemically-related drug. (addictiongroup.org)
- Because "at this time, the most effective treatments for methamphetamine addiction [or addiction to other types of amphetamines] are behavioral interventions," this should be a key part of your treatment program (NIDA Archives). (amphetamine.com)
- However, it can be expected that at such a young age, children will quickly develop a dependence on these drugs, setting the state for addiction to other amphetamines later in life including methamphetamine . (dcclothesline.com)
- That is exactly what happens to a lot of people who use amphetamines, methamphetamine. (dcclothesline.com)
- Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) such as "ecstasy" and methamphetamine now rank as Africa's second most widely abused drug type. (who.int)
Stimulants11
- Amphetamine is in a class of medications called central nervous system stimulants. (medlineplus.gov)
- Amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants that can induce hyperthermia independently or in combination with other risk factors ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- ABSTRACT Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most commonly used illicit drugs in the world, after cannabis. (who.int)
- La présente étude a pour objectif d'évaluer la situation de la consommation de stimulants de type amphétamines en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)
- Les résultats indiquent que la consommation auto-déclarée de methamphétamine et d'ectasie en 2016 était inférieure à 1 % dans la population générale et parmi les étudiants en universités et les élèves du secondaire, mais que la prévalence des stimulants de type amphétamines était plus élevée parmi certains groupes. (who.int)
- Amphetamines are very addictive stimulants. (kidshealth.org)
- The term " amphetamine-type stimulants " refers to substances that are chemically similar to amphetamines. (addictiongroup.org)
- This suggests that drinking moderate levels of alcohol could increase one's vulnerability to the effects of stimulants such as amphetamine. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
- Amphetamine-type stimulants : a global view. (who.int)
- As cravings for amphetamines and other stimulants can sometimes linger more than any other drug, it may be a good idea to consider a long-term treatment plan. (amphetamine.com)
- Several stimulants that contain amphetamine are among the most commonly abused stimulants. (orlandorecovery.com)
Adderall9
- The dose of Adderall(XR) (dextroamphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, amphetamine sulfate) needed to produce toxicity and psychiatric symptoms in a child is as low as 2 mg. (medscape.com)
- Drugs containing amphetamine, such as Adderall, can suppress your appetite and cause your body to burn up calories at a higher rate than normal. (webmd.com)
- Currently, pharmaceutical amphetamine is typically prescribed as Adderall , [note 3] dextroamphetamine, or the inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine . (wikidoc.org)
- Gentech Addtabz reviews: Is this Ampheta-CDP choline supplement the closest legal Adderall, amphetamine substitute? (sfweekly.com)
- ADDTabz is advertised as a sophisticated nootropic supplement and a legal replacement for Adderall, a prescription medicine which is an amphetamine used to assist focus in individuals identified as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (sfweekly.com)
- The claimed benefits of this product are improved attentiveness & learning, more focus, and increased energy levels associated with typical amphetamine products, phenylethylamine or other supplements with Adderall. (sfweekly.com)
- In a far beyond sick release of information, it has been revealed that toddlers can be prescribed amphetamines including, Ritalin, Adderall, and ' ADHD medications ' legally. (dcclothesline.com)
- Adderall is a combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine used primarily to treat ADHD. (orlandorecovery.com)
- The active ingredients in authentic Adderall tablets are dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate. (cnn.com)
Central nervous system s2
- An amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that increases certain types of brain activity. (webmd.com)
- Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy . (wikidoc.org)
Positive for amphetamines4
- To identify additional cases of severe hyperthermia in which workers tested positive for amphetamines, and to support OSHA's enforcement activities, OOMN reviewed all medical records and investigation materials submitted by other OSHA offices to OOMN during January 1, 2010-August 31, 2019. (cdc.gov)
- I couldn't find any information to confirm that meclizine can cause false positive for amphetamines . (drugs.com)
- On a drug urine test will Vyvanse show positive for amphetamines? (drugs.com)
- They were penalized Tuesday under the minor league drug program after testing positive for amphetamines. (washingtontimes.com)
Salts4
- Formulations of mixed amphetamine salts (e.g. (drugabuse.gov)
- Dr. Frances R. Levin and Dr. John Grabowski and researchers from the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University, and the University of Minnesota (UM) hypothesized that mixed amphetamine salts would alleviate ADHD and CUD in patients with both disorders. (drugabuse.gov)
- The patients received an extended-release formulation of mixed amphetamine salts, in starting doses of 80 milligrams per day or 60 milligrams per day, or a placebo. (drugabuse.gov)
- Mixed amphetamine salts - is a 3 to 1 combination of d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine. (addictiongroup.org)
Dopamine10
- Amphetamines also cause the brain to release dopamine. (limamemorial.org)
- Amphetamine, through activation of a trace amine receptor , increases biogenic amine and excitatory neurotransmitter activity in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the catecholamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. (wikidoc.org)
- Repeated intermittent exposure to amphetamine produces long-term enhancements in the ability of this drug to produce locomotion and increase extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). (jneurosci.org)
- First, the amphetamines compete with cocaine for access to receptors for neurotransmitters, which might prevent cocaine from triggering the massive dopamine release that makes users feel high. (drugabuse.gov)
- In the first set of experiments, all types of AIMs (axial, limb, orolingual and locomotor) were markedly reduced when amphetamine was co-administered with either the D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride or the D(1) receptor antagonist SCH23390. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Our results suggest that amphetamine-induced AIMs in grafted animals primarily depend on an activation of dopamine receptors, and that serotonin neurons within either the grafts or the host brain play a negligible role. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Relationship between asymmetries in striatal dopamine release and the direction of amphetamine-induced rotation during. (umich.edu)
- Amphetamine increases dopamine, the brain's reward chemical. (addictiongroup.org)
- Models of dopamine function based on the bidirectional neuromodulation of afferents [40, 95] were tested by determining whether cortical ablation would affect the excitatory and inhibitory effects of amphetamine (AMPH) on striatal neurons in freely moving rats. (usu.edu)
- Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. (bvsalud.org)
Addictive3
- Furthermore, amphetamines can be psychologically but not physically addictive. (medscape.com)
- Speed, meth, amphetamines, Ecstasy are highly addictive and quite simply very bad for human and animal consumption. (vistataos.com)
- Researchers soon recognized the addictive properties of amphetamines during the middle of the past century. (addictiongroup.org)
ADHD13
- Prescription amphetamines are used frequently in children and adolescents to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and they are the most commonly prescribed medications in children. (medscape.com)
- In adults, narcolepsy, ADHD of the adult type, and some depression can be treated with amphetamines. (medscape.com)
- Amphetamines can be used to treat medical conditions such as ADHD, but is also taken recreationally, sometimes under the name "speed. (courthousenews.com)
- Recently the neurotoxic potential of the SAs is a focus because of the popularity of MDMA within the Rave dance culture and interest in its use as a psychotherapy adjunct as well as treatment of ADHD with amphetamine. (cdc.gov)
- Amphetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy , and is sometimes prescribed off-label for its past medical indications , such as depression , obesity , and nasal congestion . (wikidoc.org)
- Amphetamine-Based Medication Reduces Cocaine Use in Patients With Both ADHD and CUD Patients receiving 80 milligrams of slow-release mixed amphetamines were less likely to produce cocaine-positive urine samples during the 13-week study than patients receiving 60 milligrams a day, who were less likely than patients receiving placebo. (drugabuse.gov)
- So we shouldn't have been surprised to wake up January 15 to a media fanfare about the "promise" shown by a new treatment for binge eating disorder - Vyvanse or lis-dex-amphetamine, already marketed for ADHD. (rxisk.org)
- D-amphetamine - stimulates the Central Nervous System (CNS) to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. (addictiongroup.org)
- Prescription use of amphetamines to treat ADHD or narcolepsy involves only low doses. (addictiongroup.org)
- About 10,000 toddlers are now known to be on amphetamines/Ritalin/other ADHD drugs . (dcclothesline.com)
- When used as prescribed, amphetamines can be a helpful medication for certain conditions , including ADHD, narcolepsy and Parkinson's disease. (orlandorecovery.com)
- It's chemically similar to amphetamines, a stimulant used to treat ADHD and as a study aid to stay awake. (webmd.com)
- As the average THCB reader is probably all too well aware I live in Marin County, California and therefore my kids are on amphetamine-based medication for ADHD. (thehealthcareblog.com)
Stop taking amphe1
- Even after users stop taking amphetamines, they may still have problems such as aggression, anxiety, and strong cravings for the drugs. (kidshealth.org)
Drugs8
- Amphetamines are drugs. (limamemorial.org)
- The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) previously said "reports of amphetamine seizures from countries in the Middle East continue to refer predominantly to tablets bearing the Captagon logo. (cnn.com)
- No matter how a person takes amphetamines, these drugs hit with a fast high, making the user feel powerful, alert, and energized. (kidshealth.org)
- Amphetamine is a recreational drugs abused by adults and youngsters in our society for its instant kick. (personalabs.com)
- Amphetamines are a class of synthetic drugs that have stimulant properties. (addictiongroup.org)
- Stimulant drugs such as amphetamines are widely abused by young adults who are looking to stay awake and increase their concentration. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
- Mark T. Fillmore, a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, said that researchers need to determine whether drinking heavily might produce a physiological change that causes people to be more sensitive to the rewarding effects of drugs like amphetamines. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
- Amphetamine withdrawal symptoms can be uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous, which can encourage someone to start using the drugs again. (orlandorecovery.com)
Attention deficit1
- Two cases involved legal use of prescription amphetamines to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and both persons who used legal prescription amphetamines died. (cdc.gov)
Rats7
- Two decades later, the question came full circle when Science published the results of a complex, placebo-controlled study demonstrating that rats with brain injuries who were given amphetamines in conjunction with physical therapy showed notable improvement in motor function. (news-medical.net)
- The present study sought to determine the effect of withdrawal from an escalating dose schedule of d-amphetamine on sexual behavior in male rats. (amphetamines.com)
- Half of the male rats were then subjected to a 4-day escalating dose schedule of d-amphetamine administration (1-12 mg/kg), while half received vehicle. (amphetamines.com)
- A new study published in the journal Neuroscience finds that rats given regular doses of amphetamines during adolescence have brain and behavioral changes in adulthood. (madinamerica.com)
- Rats were preexposed to amphetamine, alone or with a DA receptor antagonist, and tested for sensitization 1-3 weeks after the last drug injection. (jneurosci.org)
- As expected, following intrastriatal transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon all the transplanted rats exhibited pronounced contralateral rotation in response to amphetamine and some animals also showed severe abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). (unboundmedicine.com)
- In the second experiment, grafted rats exhibiting amphetamine-induced dyskinesia were subjected to 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine injections into the midbrain in order to destroy the host serotonin innervation. (unboundmedicine.com)
Response to amphetamine1
- Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the role played by D1 DA receptors in the production of these changes in response to amphetamine. (jneurosci.org)
Effects of Amphetamines2
- Craig R. Rush, senior author of the study and Professor of Behavioral Science, Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of Kentucky, and his colleagues wanted to build on previous research that showed that moderate drinkers were more sensitive to some of the effects of amphetamines than light drinkers. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
- More research is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms involved with stimulant abuse and alcohol consumption, but one possible explanation is that the moderate drinkers may have been sensitized to the rewarding effects of amphetamines because of increased drug use. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
Cocaine and amphetamines1
- The effect of cocaine and amphetamines on vital signs in trauma patients. (medscape.com)
Contain amphetamine1
- The counterfeit Captagon tablets contain amphetamine as well as other chemicals, according to the UNODC. (cnn.com)
Street amphetamines1
- There are different kinds of street amphetamines. (limamemorial.org)
American Addiction Centers1
- According to American Addiction Centers, swallowing amphetamine pills can cause a mild high. (webmd.com)
Doses3
- Much larger doses of amphetamine are likely to impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. (wikidoc.org)
- Individuals who use amphetamines for recreational purposes tend to take much higher doses. (addictiongroup.org)
- Over four studies, participants were given a placebo as well as both low and high doses of amphetamine. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
Narcolepsy2
- Amphetamine (Evekeo, others) is also used to treat narcolepsy (a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep). (medlineplus.gov)
- Amphetamine is a strong stimulant that has been used medically for situations when a person needs to be more alert, as in narcolepsy, a health problem that causes a person to fall asleep at any time. (narconon.org)
Abuse8
- According to a 2020 study published in Molecular Psychiatry , long-term amphetamine abuse can impair short- and long-term memory. (webmd.com)
- The American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy notes that substance abuse, including amphetamine addiction, can have serious negative consequences on your relationships. (webmd.com)
- Drug addiction is a serious risk of amphetamine abuse, but only rarely arises from medical use. (wikidoc.org)
- Over the past six months the abuse of yet another type of amphetamine has come to our attention. (erowid.org)
- It first appeared in The Speed Culture , his excellent 1975 book on the use and abuse of amphetamines. (rxisk.org)
- Previous studies have found an association between amphetamine abuse and the amount of alcohol consumed. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
- For example, amphetamine abuse often results in seizures and heart problems. (interventionservicesinc.com)
- Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. (bvsalud.org)
Disorders6
- Either prescription or illegally manufactured amphetamines can induce these disorders. (medscape.com)
- Amphetamine-related psychiatric disorders are conditions resulting from intoxication or long-term use of amphetamines or amphetamine derivatives. (medscape.com)
- Such disorders can also be experienced during the withdrawal period from amphetamines. (medscape.com)
- Amphetamine use may elicit or be associated with the recurrence of other psychiatric disorders. (medscape.com)
- The symptoms of amphetamine-induced psychiatric disorders can be differentiated from those of related primary psychiatric disorders by time. (medscape.com)
- Amphetamine use disorders can be challenging to overcome, and the first days and weeks of recovery often involve substantial temptation and a high risk for relapse. (orlandorecovery.com)
Ritalin1
- I've just found a fascinating article in the American Journal of Public Health on 'America's First Amphetamine Epidemic' and how it compares to the current boom in meth and Ritalin use. (mindhacks.com)
Prescription9
- Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with amphetamine and each time you refill your prescription. (medlineplus.gov)
- In that case, a coworker later alleged to OSHA that before the shift started, the supervisor had provided pills whose appearance was consistent with those of a prescription amphetamine. (cdc.gov)
- Amphetamines are illegal when they are used without a prescription to get high or improve performance. (limamemorial.org)
- You usually do not get addicted to prescription amphetamines when you take them at the right dosage to treat your health condition. (limamemorial.org)
- It is a prescription medication in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine is often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with uncontrolled or heavy use. (wikidoc.org)
- Addtabz's official website states there is no prescription required, however it also says the formulation contains synthetic amphetamines. (sfweekly.com)
- Amphetamine tablets and amphetamine inhalers have been restricted to prescription sale because of their potentiality for harm to the user. (cornell.edu)
- In 2018, 1.8% of individuals over the age of 12 had misused prescription amphetamines during the previous 12 months. (addictiongroup.org)
- The American Academy of Pediatrics doesn't even have guidelines for amphetamine prescription for children below 4 years old. (dcclothesline.com)
Addiction treatment4
- For those seeking addiction treatment for themselves or a loved one, the Amphetamines.com is a private and convenient solution. (amphetamines.com)
- Because the physical withdrawal symptoms aren't typically obvious (like those caused by heroin), a person can sometimes detox from amphetamines in an outpatient program and attend addiction treatment in a similar facility. (amphetamine.com)
- Patients who are not being treated with behavioral therapy for amphetamine addiction are not receiving the full benefits of formal addiction treatment. (amphetamine.com)
- If you or a loved one is experiencing signs of amphetamine addiction, treatment may be necessary. (orlandorecovery.com)
Medication2
- If you take too much amphetamine, you may continue to feel a need to take large amounts of the medication, and you may experience unusual changes in your behavior. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not stop taking amphetamine without talking to your doctor, especially if you have overused the medication. (medlineplus.gov)
Inhalers1
- The first pharmaceutical amphetamine was Benzedrine , a brand of inhalers used to treat a variety of conditions. (wikidoc.org)
Synthesized in 18871
- Amphetamines were first synthesized in 1887 by Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleanu, but it wasn't until the late 1920's that amphetamines were identified as a medically useful mood and energy booster. (news-medical.net)
Chemically related1
- As a member of the phenethylamine class, amphetamine is also chemically related to the naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulators, specifically phenethylamine [note 5] and N -methylphenethylamine , both of which are produced within the human body. (wikidoc.org)
Uppers1
- Listen Free to Amphetamines and Other Uppers by Linda Bayer with a Free Trial. (audiobooks.com)
Intoxication5
- Patients with amphetamine intoxication who present with no life-threatening signs or symptoms may be treated with sedation and observation and may require no laboratory workup. (medscape.com)
- Patients who are demonstrating only mild symptoms from amphetamine intoxication often respond to sedation and recover rapidly under observation. (medscape.com)
- Amphetamine or cocaine intoxication is a topic covered in the Diagnosaurus . (unboundmedicine.com)
- Zeiger, Roni F.. "Amphetamine or Cocaine Intoxication. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Emergency Central , emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114915/all/Amphetamine_or_cocaine_intoxication. (unboundmedicine.com)
Serotonin release1
- I found some referenced literature on Wiki indicating serotonin release is a property of d-amphetamine. (dr-bob.org)
Locomotor5
- On the test for sensitization, locomotor (experiments 1 and 2) and NAcc DA (experiment 3) responses of the animals to a systemic amphetamine injection were assessed. (jneurosci.org)
- In the first experiment, systemic injections of the D1 DA receptor antagonist SCH23390, but not other DA receptor antagonists with greater affinity for D2 DA and 5-HT2 receptors, blocked the development of locomotor sensitization produced by systemic injections of amphetamine. (jneurosci.org)
- In the second experiment, locomotor sensitization induced by infusion of amphetamine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was blocked when these injections were preceded by systemic injections of SCH23390. (jneurosci.org)
- These results indicate that while D2 DA receptor activation is not necessary for the induction of locomotor sensitization to amphetamine, D1 DA receptors located in the VTA play a critical role in the development of sensitized locomotor and NAcc DA response to this drug. (jneurosci.org)
- Cotreatment with the 5-HT(1A) agonist 8-OH-DPAT significantly attenuated the amphetamine-induced axial and limb dyskinesias, whilst locomotor scores remained unchanged. (unboundmedicine.com)
Derivatives1
- Methyl derivatives come from theme and variation of the molecular compound of amphetamine, adding hydrogen and carbon molecules on a skeletal structure to create slightly different forms of speed. (vistataos.com)
Markedly reduced1
- On decreased PIP2 availability, amphetamine-evoked currents were markedly reduced compared with controls, as was amphetamine-induced efflux. (uab.edu)
Pleasurable effects1
- People use amphetamines illicitly for their pleasurable effects. (addictiongroup.org)
Pills4
- Some 47 million amphetamine pills hidden in a flour shipment were seized by Saudi Arabia's authorities. (cnn.com)
- Authorities in Saudi Arabia have confiscated 47 million amphetamine pills which were hidden in a flour shipment, in an operation described as the biggest one-time drug smuggling attempt in terms of narcotics seized. (cnn.com)
- The story below, a first-person account of life on (and off) amphetamine "diet pills," was written over forty years ago. (rxisk.org)
- None of the admiring media accounts used the word "amphetamine", let alone "speed" or Pep Pills. (rxisk.org)
Substance1
- Nine (26.5%) of these 34 workers tested positive for an amphetamine-class substance. (cdc.gov)
Reptile1
- I'm half-tempted to start declaring Evenson, and some of the writers who have claimed him as an influence (Blake Butler, Matt Bell, Aaron Burch, etc.), as being of the school of Amphetamine Reptile Lit. (vol1brooklyn.com)
Phenethylamine1
- If it's not a substituted phenethylamine, it can't be an amphetamine. (sfweekly.com)
Keep-awake utility2
- Amphetamine is the most powerful and customizable keep-awake utility ever created for macOS. (apple.com)
- Welcome to Amphetamine, the most awesome keep-awake utility ever created for macOS. (producthunt.com)
Drug8
- Although researchers could not directly link the spike in drug use to the lockdown, "the fact remains that amphetamine use has been higher than ever before, at least in the Helsinki metropolitan area," said Teemu Gunnar, head of forensic toxicology at the National Institute for Health and Welfare. (courthousenews.com)
- Some people who abused this drug would wear themselves out with amphetamine binges, taking the drug continuously and, not sleeping or eating for as long as a week. (narconon.org)
- Long-term amphetamine abusers are likely to be severely malnourished and suffering serious mental effects from the drug use. (narconon.org)
- When a person chooses a Narconon drug and alcohol rehabilitation center for recovery from amphetamine addiction, the withdrawal process is eased by the program's unique and innovative techniques. (narconon.org)
- As an aside, when patients complained about the agitation associated with amphetamine treatment, the drug companies brought out new medications which were speed mixed with barbituates, a class of sedatives. (mindhacks.com)
- Finally, in experiment three, co-injecting SCH23390, but not its inactive enantiomer, with amphetamine into the VTA during preexposure prevented sensitization of the NAcc DA response to this drug. (jneurosci.org)
- The researchers found that the high dose of amphetamines increased drug use in both light and moderate drinkers, whereas the low dose only increased drug use among the moderate drinkers. (elementsbehavioralhealth.com)
- Phentermine could raise a false red flag in your drug screen if you don't have a medical reason for taking amphetamines. (webmd.com)
Anxiety1
- A 2020 study published in Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry found that anxiety sensitivity was more common in amphetamine users than in those who do not use amphetamines. (webmd.com)
Lockdown1
- Finns may be known for their love of vodka and beer, but growing numbers in the Nordic nation appear to have turned to amphetamines to cope with the coronavirus lockdown, health officials said on Thursday. (courthousenews.com)
Stay awake1
- Some people use amphetamines to help them stay awake on the job or to study for a test. (limamemorial.org)
Levoamphetamine1
- [note 2] Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base , which is equal parts of the two enantiomers, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine, in their pure amine forms. (wikidoc.org)
Uptake1
- These findings demonstrate that PIP 2 binding to monoamine transporters is a prerequisite for amphetamine actions without being a requirement for neurotransmitter uptake. (uab.edu)
Urine test2
Stimulation1
- And not all amphetamines are good for psychological stimulation. (sfweekly.com)
Disorder2
- Amphetamine-induced movement disorder. (medscape.com)
- If symptoms do not resolve within 2 weeks after the amphetamines are discontinued, a primary psychiatric disorder should be suspected. (medscape.com)
Euphoria1
- The leaves of the tree are chewed, extracting the active ingredient, cathinone, and producing the desired effects of euphoria and, unlike other amphetamines, anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Misuse2
- Misuse of amphetamines may also involve dissolving the powder in water and injecting it. (webmd.com)
- People with prolonged amphetamine use or misuse have a strong likelihood of becoming addicted. (orlandorecovery.com)
Striatal1
- Amphetamine effects on striatal neurons: implications for models of do" by John L. Haracz, JoAnn T. Tschanz et al. (usu.edu)
Psychostimulants1
- An increase in extracellular serotonin results from transporter-mediated efflux triggered by amphetamine-like psychostimulants. (uab.edu)
Withdrawal symptoms1
- A person could be suffering and in need of much more help, as amphetamine withdrawal symptoms are usually psychological for the most part. (amphetamine.com)