Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.Antimalarials: Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.Artemisinins: A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).Pyrimethamine: One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.Drug Combinations: Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.Malaria, Falciparum: Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.Plasmodium falciparum: A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.Fluorenes: A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.Drug Resistance: Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.SesquiterpenesParasitic Sensitivity Tests: Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.Senegal: A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Ethanolamines: AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.Cameroon: A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.Betazole: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.Histamine N-Methyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to histamine, forming N-methylhistamine, the major metabolite of histamine in man. EC 2.1.1.8.Parasitemia: The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)Malaria: A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.Ghana: A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.Angola: A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.Gabon: A republic in west equatorial Africa, south of CAMEROON and west of the CONGO. Its capital is Libreville.Burkina Faso: A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.Protozoan Proteins: Proteins found in any species of protozoan.Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.Mali: A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.Quinine: An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.Membrane Transport Proteins: Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.Sierra Leone: A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and west of LIBERIA. Its capital is Freetown.Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.Tanzania: A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.Chemistry Techniques, Analytical: Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Dapsone: A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)ColombiaMultidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins: A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.Inhibitory Concentration 50: The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.Rwanda: A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA, east of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, west of TANZANIA. Its capital is Kigali. It was formerly part of the Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urund.QuinolinesKenya: A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.Uganda: A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.Papua New Guinea: A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.Plasmodium vivax: A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.NaphthyridinesMalaria, Vivax: Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.AfghanistanNigeria: A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.
Relationships between malaria prevalence and malaria-related morbidity in school children from two villages in central Africa. (1/318)
To investigate the relationship between parasite prevalence and malaria-related morbidity, we carried out a comparative study among cohorts of school children from two villages, Dienga, Gabon, and Pouma, Cameroon, both located in malaria-endemic areas. Seven to 17 year-old children attending primary schools were similarly followed-up at each site to evaluate the frequency of malaria attacks. Follow-up involved daily temperature recording (and blood smears in the case of fever) and preparation of blood smears every two weeks. In Pouma, 186 children were followed-up for six months. In Dienga, 228 children were followed-up for nine months. The mean prevalence rate of Plasmodium falciparum infections (as assessed by the blood smears) was twice as high in Pouma compared with Dienga (45.2% versus 26.8%; P < 0.0001), whereas the monthly malaria attack rate (as assessed by the daily surveillance) was twice as high in Dienga compared with Pouma (21.5% versus 41.4%; P = 0.003). The possible implication of several parameters that may differ between the two areas, such as the malaria transmission level, the economical and social status of the inhabitants, the characteristics of infecting parasite strains, and the genetic background of the population, is discussed. (+info)Analysis of mefloquine resistance and amplification of pfmdr1 in multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thailand. (2/318)
Resistance to quinoline-containing compound has been associated with the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene. We analyzed wild P. falciparum isolates with high levels of chloroquine and mefloquine resistance for their macrorestriction maps of chromosome 5 and sequence of pfmdr1. Two types of chromosome 5 amplification were found. Eleven of 62 resistant isolates displayed Bgl 1 fragments larger than 100 kb. Twenty-nine isolates possessed multiple copies of the fragments. We failed to detect any amplification of this region on chromosome 5 in 22 mefloquine-resistant isolates, suggesting that other mechanisms can mediate the mefloquine-resistant phenotype. There was no direct association between pfmdr1 mutations and chloroquine sensitivity. Resistant lines could have Asn-86 and Tyr-184 or Phe-184, the predicted sequence of those chloroquine-sensitive isolates. No mutation at Asn-1042 and Asp-1246 was detected among these chloroquine-resistant isolates. Therefore, a few base substitutions in the pfmdr1 gene may not be sufficient to account for all chloroquine-resistant phenotypes. (+info)Factors influencing resistance to reinfection with Plasmodium falciparum. (3/318)
A treatment-reinfection study design was used to investigate the relationships between host immunologic and/or genetic factors and resistance to reinfection with Plasmodium falciparum. Sixty-one children in Gabon were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to measure the prevalence of each human plasmodial species. All were given amodiaquine for radical cure of parasites, and 40 were subsequently followed-up for 30 weeks. Successive blood smears were examined to measure the delay of reappearance in blood of asexual stages of P. falciparum parasites. Presence of infection during the cross-sectional survey was associated with male sex, non-deficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, plasma interleukin-10 level, and anti-LSA-Rep antibody concentration. Resistance to reinfection was related to the presence of anti-LSA-J antibodies, and the absence of anti-LSA-Rep antibodies. Moreover, P. malariae-infected subjects were usually co-infected with P. falciparum, and were also more rapidly reinfected with P. falciparum after treatment, compared with those without P. malariae infection. (+info)Antibiotics for prophylaxis of Plasmodium falciparum infections: in vitro activity of doxycycline against Senegalese isolates. (4/318)
The in vitro activities of doxycycline, chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, artemether, pyrimethamine, and cycloguanil were evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Senegal (Dielmo and Ndiop), using an isotopic, micro, drug susceptibility test. The 71-50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for doxycycline ranged from 0.7 to 108.0 microM and the geometric mean IC50 for the 71 isolates was 11.3 microM (95% confidence interval = 9.5-13.4 microM). The activity of doxycycline did not differ significantly (P = 0.0858) between the chloroquine-susceptible isolates and the chloroquine-resistant isolates. There was no in vitro correlation between the responses to doxycycline and those to artemether, chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, pyrimethamine, and cycloguanil, suggesting no in vitro cross-resistance among these drugs. Potency was increased by prolonged exposure. In 96-hr incubations, the activity of doxycycline was 4-5-fold more increased than in 48-hr incubations. The in vitro activity of doxycycline against intraerythrocytic stages of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum, its action against the preerythrocytic forms, the lack of correlation between the responses in vitro of P. falciparum to doxycycline and the other antimalarial drugs, and its original potential site of action are factors that favor its use as antimalarial drug. (+info)In vivo efficacy study of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine in Kibwezi, Kenya and Kigoma, Tanzania. (5/318)
We conducted two randomized clinical trials to determine the in vivo efficacy of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Seventy-five patients under the age of 10 years in Kibwezi, Kenya, and 171 patients in Kigoma, Tanzania, were enrolled for treatment. Due to loss of eight patients in Kibwezi and 37 in Kigoma to follow-up, we used best and worst case scenarios for the parasitological response. The in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to amodiaquine was 75% (no loss to follow-up) in Kibwezi and ranged from 85% in the best to 65% in the worst case scenario in Kigoma. The sensitivity to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine was 70% to 88% in Kibwezi and 65% to 89% in Kigoma. R1 resistance to amodiaquine was 22% in Kibwezi and varied from 6% in the best to 26% for the worst case scenario in Kigoma. The R1 resistance to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine was 5% to 23% in Kibwezi and 2% to 26% in Kigoma. R2 resistance was 3% for amodiaquine and 7% for sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in Kibwezi and 9% in Kigoma for each treatment group. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at either study site, except for a slight difference in R1 resistance in the best case scenario, Kibwezi, in favour of S/P. Although both amodiaquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance seems to be increasing, these antimalarials are still effective in parasite clearance. (+info)Adaptation of a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia to New World monkeys. (6/318)
The spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia poses a serious health threat to areas of Southeast Asia where this species of malaria parasite is endemic. A strain of P. vivax from Indonesia was adapted to develop in splenectomized Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus vociferans, Aotus nancymai, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. Transmission to splenectomized Saimiri monkeys was obtained via sporozoites. Chemotherapeutic studies indicated that the strain was resistant to chloroquine and amodiaquine while sensitive to mefloquine. Infections of chloroquine-resistant P.vivax in New World monkeys should be useful for the development of alternative treatments. (+info)Role of extraneuronal mechanisms in the termination of contractile responses to amines in vascular tissue. (7/318)
1 The role of the uptake and release of agonist from extraneuronal sites in the termination of responses of rabbit aortic strips to amines was studied. 2 Strips were contracted with adrenaline or noradrenaline and after response plateau was reached, the muscle chambers were washed free of agonist and the relaxation in Krebs solution recorded. After inhibition of catechol-O-methyl-transferase, monoamine oxidase and neuronal uptake the relaxation rate was greatly prolonged. Evidence is provided that this very slow relaxation resulted from the accumulation of intact amine at extraneuronal sites during exposure to the agonist and its subsequent release past receptors due to a reversal of the concentration gradient after washout. 3 Pretreatment with the haloalkylamine, GD-131 (N-cyclohexylmethyl-N-ethyl-beta-chloroethylamine), an inhibitor of extraneuronal uptake, returned the slow relaxation rate after enzyme inhibition towards that of control strips. By blocking the extraneuronal transport of amines their accumulation at intracellular loci after enzyme inhibition was prevented. 4 The effects of GD-131 and 17beta-oestradiol on the relaxation rate of untreated strips contracted by adrenaline and noradrenaline confirmed that extraneuronal uptake to sites of enzymatic activity is the major mechanism terminating their action. 5 Inactivation of extraneuronal transport sites by GD-131 was prevented by protecting them with 17beta-oestradiol or normetanephrine during exposure to the haloalkylamine, pointing to a common site of action of these agents on a specific carrier system for amines. 6 Evidence is presented that the relaxation from contractions induced by histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine also involves extraneuronal accumulation and release, probably by an uptake process which is identical to the one for catecholamines. (+info)"One-pot" synthesis and antimalarial activity of formamidine derivatives of 4-anilinoquinoline. (8/318)
Amodiaquine (AQ) is an antimalarial which is effective against chloroquino-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum but whose clinical use is severely restricted because of associated hepatotoxicity and agranulocytosis. "One-pot" synthesis of formamidines likely to be transformed into AQ derivatives is reported. Compared with AQ, the new compounds were devoid of in vitro cytotoxicity upon human embryonic lung cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. One showed a potent in vivo activity in mice infected with P berghei. Transformation of this compound by reductive amination led to a new type of AQ derivatives that displayed an in vitro activity similar to that of AQ but did not lead to toxic quinone-imines. (+info)Examples include amodiaquine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. Amodiaquine Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Bray PG, Hawley ... SR, Ward SA (1996). "4-Aminoquinoline resistance of Plasmodium falciparum: insights from the study of amodiaquine uptake". Mol ...
... is a benzamide,[12] derivative of morpholine,[103] which acts pharmacologically as a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA),[9] a type of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and increases levels of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), dopamine, and especially serotonin.[104][105] in neuronal cells as well as in synaptic vesicles; extracellular levels also increase which results in increased monoamine receptor stimulation and suppression of REM sleep, down regulation of 3-adrenoceptors. A single 300 mg dose of moclobemide inhibits 80% of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and 30% of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), blocking the decomposition of norepinephrine, serotonin and, to a lesser extent, dopamine. There is also some evidence pointing towards moclobemide possessing neuroprotective properties.[8] There is no cumulative effect of moclobemide centrally when taken long-term.[8] With long-term use of moclobemide, there is a significant down-regulation of B-adrenoceptors.[8] ...
... (CHF-3381, V-3381) is a drug which was formerly being investigated as an anticonvulsant and neuroprotective and is now under development for the treatment of neuropathic pain and chronic cough in Europe by Vernalis and Chiesi.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It acts as a competitive, reversible, and non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor,[5][6][9] and as a low affinity, non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist.[1][2][10] A pilot study of indantadol for chronic cough was initiated in October 2009 and in April 2010 it failed to achieve significant efficacy in neuropathic pain in phase IIb clinical trials.[7][8][11][12] ...
... , a pathway inhibitor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine, was used to determine the effects of decreased dopamine levels in social spacing of Drosophila melanogaster. 3-4 day old flies that were fed 3-iodotyrosine for 24 hours were shown to have altered dopamine levels.[3] ...
A deficiency of tyrosine hydroxylase leads to impaired synthesis of dopamine as well as epinephrine and norepinephrine. It is represented by a progressive encephalopathy and poor prognosis. Clinical features include dystonia that is minimally or nonresponsive to levodopa, extrapyramidal symptoms, ptosis, miosis, and postural hypotension. This is a progressive and often lethal disorder, which can be improved but not cured by levodopa.[39] Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).[40] Additionally alterations in the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity may be involved in disorders such as ...
Delini-Stula, A.; Fischbach, R.; Gnirss, F.; Bures, E.; Pöldinger, W. (1985). "Early experience with CGP 4718 A (Sercloremine), a new selective and reversible MAO-A and 5-HT-uptake inhibitor, in the treatment of depressive patients". Drug Development Research. 6 (4): 371-384. doi:10.1002/ddr.430060409. ISSN 0272-4391 ...
... is an alkaloid found in Corydalis (Papaveraceae) and Dicentra, plants in the family Fumariaceae that can cause fatal poisoning in sheep and cattle.[citation needed] It has been shown to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor,[1] and inhibits biosynthesis of dopamine via inhibition of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase.[2][3] Like apomorphine, it is reported to be an inhibitor of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) fiber formation, whose presence is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bulbocapnine is thus a potential therapeutic under the amyloid hypothesis.[4] According to the Dorlands Medical Dictionary, it "inhibits the reflex and motor activities of striated muscle. It has been used in the treatment of muscular tremors and vestibular nystagmus".[5] A psychiatrist at Tulane University named Robert Heath carried out experiments on prisoners at the Louisiana State Penitentiary using bulbocapnine to induce stupor.[6] This work at Tulane inspired, and was continued parallel to, experiments ...
Chloroquine Amodiaquine Pamaquine Mefloquine Drugs.com: Quinacrine. Retrieved on August 24, 2009. Toubi E, Kessel A, Rosner I, ...
... was also the first drug used for treatment of malaria.[40] Quinine was used as a muscle relaxant by the Quechua, who are indigenous to Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, to halt shivering due to low temperatures.[41] The Quechuas would mix the ground bark of cinchona trees with sweetened water to offset the bark's bitter taste, thus producing tonic water.[citation needed] The Jesuits were the first to bring cinchona to Europe. The Spanish were aware of the medicinal properties of cinchona bark by the 1570s or earlier: Nicolás Monardes (1571) and Juan Fragoso (1572) both described a tree that was subsequently identified as the cinchona tree and whose bark was used to produce a drink to treat diarrhea.[42] Quinine has been used in unextracted form by Europeans since at least the early 17th century. It was first used to treat malaria in Rome in 1631. During the 17th century, malaria was endemic to the swamps and marshes surrounding the city of Rome. Malaria was responsible for the deaths of ...
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization ...
Coartem is provided without profit to developing countries using grants from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, US President's Malaria Initiative along with other donors. Novartis has lowered the price of Coartem by 50% since 2001, increasing access to patients around the world. The first significant price reduction occurred in 2006, when the price of Coartem decreased from an average of US $1.57 to US $1.00. In 2006, due to an improved supply situation for the natural ingredient artemisinin, Novartis was able to undertake the pharmaceutical industry's most aggressive manufacturing scale-up of its kind from 4 million treatments in 2004 to 62 million treatments in 2006.[citation needed] Novartis and its partners invested heavily in expanding production capacity at their facilities in China, and Suffern, New York. This increase in production capacity ensured that supplies of Coartem met demand which enabled Novartis to further decrease the price of Coartem. In April 2008, ...
... is a form of aminoquinoline with an amine at the 8-position of quinoline. The 8-aminoquinoline family of drugs contains three members, primaquine, tafenoquine and pamaquine[1] and are used in the treatment of malaria. They may be used to eradicate malaria hypnozoites from the liver and have both been used for malaria prophylaxis. The 8-aminoquinoline drugs must not be given to patients with G6PD deficiency, because they cause potentially fatal haemolysis in these patients. Pamaquine is no longer available anywhere, but primaquine is still used routinely worldwide as part of the treatment of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malaria. Tafenoquine is currently in Phase III clinical trials and is not yet available to prescribe. ...
... is primarily used to prevent relapse of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.[9] It eliminates hypnozoites, the dormant liver form of the parasite,[10] after the organisms have been cleared from the bloodstream.[9] If primaquine is not administered to patients with proven P. vivax or P. ovale infection, a very high likelihood of relapse exists for weeks or months (sometimes years).[9] Use in combination with quinine or chloroquine each of which is very effective at clearing P. vivax from blood, improves outcomes; they appear to also potentiate the action of primaquine.[11] As of 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended the use of primaquine for primary prophylaxis prior to travel to areas with a high incidence of P. vivax, and for terminal prophylaxis (anti-relapse therapy) after travel.[4] A single dose of primaquine has rapid and potent ability to kill gametocytes (stage V) of P. falciparum and P. vivax in blood; it also kills asexual ...
... was formulated at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) in the 1970s shortly after the end of the Vietnam war. Mefloquine was number 142,490 of a total of 250,000 antimalarial compounds screened during the study.[3] Mefloquine was the first Public-Private Venture (PPV) between the US Department of Defense and a pharmaceutical company. WRAIR transferred all its phase I and phase II clinical trial data to Hoffman LaRoche and Smith Kline. FDA approval as a treatment for malaria was swift. Most notably, phase III safety and tolerability trials were skipped.[3] The drug was first approved and sold on a commercial basis in Switzerland in 1985.[31] However, mefloquine was not approved by the FDA for prophylactic use until 1989. This approval was based primarily on compliance, while safety and tolerability were overlooked.[3] Because of the drug's very long half-life, the Centers for Disease Control originally recommended a mefloquine dosage of 250 mg every two weeks; however, this ...
"Artesunate Amodiaquine Winthrop (artesunate, amodiaquine) [summary of product characteristics]" (PDF). Sanofi-Aventis. Archived ...
Amodiaquine Artemether Artemether/lumefantrine Artesunate Artesunate/amodiaquine Artesunate/mefloquine Chloroquine Doxycycline ... To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine. Other combinations that deliver ...
Artesunate Amodiaquine Winthrop (artesunate, amodiaquine) [summary of product characteristics]. Gentilly, France: Sanofi- ... Therefore, it is theoretically possible that the combination of montelukast with a CYP2C8 substrate (e.g. amodiaquine, an anti- ... Hepatotoxicity due to a drug interaction between amodiaquine plus artesunate and efavirenz. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(6):889-891 ...
"Geographic patterns of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance distinguished by differential responses to amodiaquine and ...
Artesunate combination drugs (such as artesunate/amodiaquine and artesunate/mefloquine) are more effective than artemether- ... "The initial pharmaceutical development of an artesunate/amodiaquine oral formulation for the treatment of malaria: a public- ...
In Bobo-Dioulasso, where primaquine was used in combination with either chloroquine or amodiaquine, the prevalence of ... 1999). "[Assay of sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, piperaquine, mefloquine and quinine in ...
Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinolone anti-malarial drug similar in structure and mechanism of action to chloroquine. Amodiaquine ... Amodiaquine is now available in a combined formulation with artesunate (ASAQ) and is among the artemisinin-combination ... According to WHO guidelines 2010, artemisinin-based combination therapies should be used in preference to amodiaquine plus ...
A trial conducted in northern Tanzania using the antimalarial drug amodiaquine instead of S/P was similarly successful. Six ... Effect of intermittent treatment with amodiaquine on anaemia and malarial fevers in infants in Tanzania: a randomised placebo- ... Treating schoolchildren in Kenya with S/P and amodiaquine significantly improved anaemia (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.93). IPTp ...
"Argemone mexicana decoction versus artesunate-amodiaquine for the management of malaria in Mali: Policy and public-health ...
Lacaze Catherine (2011). "The initial pharmaceutical development of an artesunate/amodiaquine oral formulation for the ... this antimalarial product is a fixed-dose combination of artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ). It is the result of a partnership ...
Amodiaquine, or the Combination in Pregnant Women in Ghana". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 198 (8): 1202-1211. doi: ...
Active Comparator: co-formulated Amodiaquine-Artesunate Sanofi Coarsucam Infant dose (2-12 months/4.5-8kg), amodiaquine:67.5mg/ ... Drug: amodiaquine-artesunate (AQAS) fixed-dose Drug: Artemether-lumefantrine combination (AL) dispersable Not Applicable ... Amodiaquine. Antimalarials. Antiprotozoal Agents. Antiparasitic Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Antineoplastic Agents. Antiviral ... Sanofi Coarsucam Young Child (13-59 months/9-17kg), amodiaquine: 136mg/artesunate 50mg; 1 tablet once a day for 3 days. ...
Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline compound related to chloroquine. Amodiaquine was first made in 1948. It is on the World ... "Amodiaquine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 4 December 2015. "Amodiaquine". Livertox. Archived from the ... Amodiaquine has become an important drug in the combination therapy for malaria treatment in Africa. It is often used in ... Among amodiaquine users, several rare but serious side effects have been reported and linked to variants in the CYP2C8 alleles ...
Artesunate and amodiaquine are both antimalarial medication; however, work by different mechanisms. Artesunate/amodiaquine was ... "Artesunate + Amodiaquine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016. "Artesunate Amodiaquine ... Artesunate/amodiaquine, sold under the trade name Camoquin among others, is a medication used for the treatment of malaria. It ... Artesunate/amodiaquine is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.85 to 1.52 ...
... Peace Mayen Edwin Ubulom, Chinweizu Ejikeme Udobi, and Mark ...
Therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine and the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination ... Therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine and the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination ... Amodiaquine : a case for reconsideration? : reports on individual drugs. No Electronic Version ... Unknown author (1996). Amodiaquine : a case for reconsideration? : reports on individual drugs. http://www.who.int/iris/ ...
Amodiaquine + SP is not well tolerated and a substantial proportion of patients experienced pruritus and fatigue, thus ... Tolerability of amodiaquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, alone or in combination for the treatment of uncomplicated ... Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum malaria; Rwanda; amodiaquine; sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; tolerability Document Type: Research ... To assess the tolerability and efficacy of amodiaquine (AQ) + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), the first-line malaria treatment ...
... *Download PDF Copy ... This orally available drug combination - nelfinavir -amodiaquine - inhibits the virus infection in cell cultures, Kainov said ... The six drugs were nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine, said Denis Kainov, an ... A combination of nelfinar and amodiaquine exhibited the highest synergy, he said. ...
Amodiaquine-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats.. [Yan-Ru Niu, Bing Wei, Bi Chen, Li-Hua Xu, Xia Jing, Cai-Ling ... Amodiaquine (AQ) is routinely prescribed as an anti-malarial drug. Here, we evaluated AQ-induced toxicity in the male ...
... hepatic microsomes despite extensive turnover of amodiaquine to desethylamodiaquine. 5. Amodiaquine quinoneimine underwent ... Role of hepatic metabolism in the bioactivation and detoxication of amodiaquine.. Jewell H1, Maggs JL, Harrison AC, ONeill PM ... This indicated a role for P450 in the bioactivation of amodiaquine to a reactive metabolite that conjugates with glutathione ... Therefore in vitro studies may underestimate the bioactivation of amodiaquine in vivo. These data indicate that the extent of ...
Home , SPAQ-CO™/Supyra® (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine). SPAQ-CO™/Supyra® (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine) [ ... In March 2012, WHO recommended SMC using a complete treatment of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine (SPAQ) once a month ... Source URL: https://www.mmv.org/access/products-projects/spaq-co-supyra-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine ... 1] https://www.mmv.org/access/products-projects/spaq-co-supyra-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine. ...
Read more about Decreased prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance markers to amodiaquine despite its wide scale use as ... Decreased prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance markers to amodiaquine despite its wide scale use as ACT partner drug ...
Amodiaquine (AQ) is paired with artesunate (AS) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in recommended antimalarial regimens. It is ... Selection of parasites with diminished drug susceptibility by amodiaquine-containing antimalarial regimens in Uganda.. Nawaz F1 ... Selection of Parasites with Diminished Drug Sensitivity by Amodiaquine-Containing Antimalarial Regimens in Uganda ... Selection of Parasites with Diminished Drug Sensitivity by Amodiaquine-Containing Antimalarial Regimens in Uganda ...
Background: Amodiaquine has been widely used to treat malaria. Fatal adverse reactions have been reported in adults taking it ... Amodiaquine was more effective than chloroquine for parasite clearance (day 7, Peto odds ratio 4.42 (95% confidence interval ... Objectives: to compare amodiaquine with chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium ... Authors conclusions: There is evidence to support the continued use of amodiaquine to treat uncomplicated malaria, although ...
Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Market Global Outlook, Size, Share & Demand Forecast To 2025. Global Amodiaquine Hydrochloride market ... To analyze the Amodiaquine Hydrochloride with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to ... This report studies the global market size of Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Market in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia ... The objectives of this study are to define, segment, and project the size of the Amodiaquine Hydrochloride market based on ...
Macleods amodiaquine/artesunate tablet prequalified. 15 May 2019 WHO Prequalification Team - Medicines (PQTm) added the below ... MA126 - Amodiaquine (hydrochloride)/Artesunate - 135mg/50mg - Tablet - Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd - INDIA. *MA127 - ... MA125 - Amodiaquine (hydrochloride)/Artesunate - 67.5mg/25mg - Tablet - Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd - INDIA. ...
Amodiaquine-lnduced Hepatitis: A Report of Seven Cases DOMINIQUE LARREY, M.D.; ANNE CASTOT, M.D.; DOMINIQUE PESSAYRE, M.D.; ... Amodiaquine-lnduced Hepatitis: A Report of Seven Cases. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:801-803. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-801 ... Seven patients developed hepatitis after receiving amodiaquine for malaria prophylaxis for 4 to 15 weeks. Four patients had a ... which is consistent with an immunoallergic mechanism for amodiaquine-induced hepatitis. ...
Tags: buy Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate , Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate supplier , purchase Amodiaquine ... Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate manufacturer , order Amodiaquine dihydrochloride dihydrate , Amodiaquine dihydrochloride ... Amodiaquine is a potent, non-competitive inhibitor of histamine N-methyl transferase with estimated Ki of 18.6 nM. It is also ... Amodiaquine is a potent, non-competitive inhibitor of histamine N-methyl transferase with estimated Ki of 18.6 nM. It is also ...
Chloroquine how do you say it, chloroquine phosphate vet, quinine chloroquine and amodiaquine. Chloroquine phosphate ...
Amodiaquine for treating malaria. *Rectal artesunate for treating people with suspected severe malaria before transfer to ... Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SP plus AQ) performed better than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate (SP ... Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. *Artesunate plus ... To compare sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SP plus AQ) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate (SP plus AS) ...
... where resistance to amodiaquine is low, the combination of artesunate plus amodiaquine may delay or prevent the emergence of ... plus amodiaquine (a long half-life drug that is presently used in loose combination in many countries). The short half-life ... of a fixed combination of artesunate plus amodiaquine by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative with sanofi-aventis as the ...
... effects of ACT partner drugs have been reported but with little information regarding widely used artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ ... resistance-associated genotypes and major increases in genotypes associated with high sensitivity/efficacy for amodiaquine than ... Increased Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artesunate/Amodiaquine Despite 14 Years as First-Line Malaria Treatment, ... Increased Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Artesunate/Amodiaquine Despite 14 Years as First-Line Malaria Treatment, ...
ATAQ EASY: Artesunate + Amodiaquine Fixed Dose Combination in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria. The ... history of hepatic and (or) haematological impairment during treatment with amodiaquine. *intake of medication metabolised by ... patient having received artesunate + amodiaquine or artemether + lumefantrine at a suitable dosage within 30 days prior to ... Amodiaquine Fixed-Dose Combination) Administered in 1 or 2 Intakes Per Day Versus Coartem® (Artemether + Lumefantrine) in the ...
... effects of ACT partner drugs have been reported but with little information regarding widely used artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ ... resistance-associated genotypes and major increases in genotypes associated with high sensitivity/efficacy for amodiaquine than ... Selection of pfmdr1 mutations after amodiaquine monotherapy and amodiaquine plus artemisinin combination therapy in East Africa ... Beer N, Ali AS, Rotllant G, Abass AK, Omari RS, Al-mafazy AWH, et al. Adherence to artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy ...
T. K. Mutabingwa, D. Anthony, A. Heller et al., "Amodiaquine alone, amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine+ ... D. Schellenberg, E. Kahigwa, C. Drakeley et al., "The safety and efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, and their ... Efficacy of Artesunate + Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AS + SP) and Amodiaquine + Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AQ + SP) for ...
Artemether-lumefantrineASAQFalciparumObtained with artesunate-amodiaquineSulfadoxineChloroquine And AmodiaquineHydrochloride TabletsCombinationLumefantrineFixed-dose artesunateDose of amodiaquineEfficacy and safetyResistanceParasitesVivoToxicityMetabolitePhaseVersusTreat malariaHydroxyl groupAfricaHepaticHistamineTreatment of malaria1948CYP2C8
- The aim of this study is to address this gap in knowledge by measuring the level of patient adherence to co-formulated amodiaquine and artesunate (AQ-AS) compared to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) under routine conditions in Sierra Leone and explore the key factors that influence adherence. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Reduced effects of ACT partner drugs have been reported but with little information regarding widely used artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ). (cdc.gov)
- Molecular findings showed no artemisinin resistance-associated genotypes and major increases in genotypes associated with high sensitivity/efficacy for amodiaquine than before ASAQ was introduced. (cdc.gov)
- The first-line ACT in Zanzibar has been artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ) since 2003, plus recently added single, low-dose primaquine. (cdc.gov)
- All 33 treatment failures in the AL and ASAQ arms carried pfmdr1 or pfcrt mutations associated with lumefantrine and amodiaquine resistance, respectively, on day of failure. (springer.com)
- There are currently three medications equally recommended by the Angolan Ministry of Health for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). (springer.com)
- Individual patient data from 27 clinical trials of artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) vs comparators conducted between 1999 and 2009 were analysed for parasite clearance on modified intent-to-treat (ITT) basis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The dispersible, fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine (ASAQ) requires only one dose per day for three days, reducing the "pill burden" for both adults and children. (dndi.org)
- Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) are the first- and second-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria, respectively, but emerging resistance threatens their efficacy. (cdc.gov)
- The lower uncorrected efficacy in the AL arm compared to ASAQ may be explained by the shorter half-life of lumefantrine (3-6 days) compared to amodiaquine (9-18 days). (cdc.gov)
- Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of (re-)treatment using artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) on the selection of P. falciparum multidrug resistance-1 (Pfmdr1) alleles in clinical settings. (regionh.dk)
- Amodiaquine has also been found to work against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains of malaria. (wikipedia.org)
- To measure the PCR adjusted clinical and parasitological efficacy of the artesunate-amodiaquine combination in children 6-59 months of age with severe malnutrition and uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria over a period of 42 days. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The effectiveness of three daily doses of artesunate plus amodiaquine combination given unsupervised (n = 32), compared with the efficacy when given under full supervision (n = 29) to children with falciparum malaria were assessed in an unrandomized study. (biomedcentral.com)
- In a previous study the efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Gabonese children was 94% [ 19 ], but the effectiveness of this combination under outpatient conditions in Gabon is not known. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of three-day artesunate plus amodiaquine combination administered unsupervised, compared with the efficacy when given under supervision to children with P. falciparum malaria was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cochrane review led the WHO to modify its recommendations to reinstate amodiaquine as an option for treating falciparum malaria (WHO 1996). (who.int)
- This study provides comprehensive data concerning the clinical cure rate obtained with artesunate-amodiaquine and evidence supporting the scaling up of home management of malaria. (pasteur.fr)
- In March 2012, WHO recommended SMC using a complete treatment of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine (SPAQ) once a month for 4 months during the malaria transmission season for children aged between 3 and 59 months. (mmv.org)
- Amodiaquine (AQ) is paired with artesunate (AS) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in recommended antimalarial regimens. (nih.gov)
- No significant difference for adverse events was observed between amodiaquine and chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. (www.gov.uk)
- Careful consideration of local resistance patterns is required because resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine are high in many areas. (cochrane.org)
- Sulfadoxine combined with amodiaquine is an alternative non-artemisinin combination. (cochrane.org)
- Amodiaquine alone, amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine+artesunate, and artemether-lumefantrine for outpatient treatment of malaria in Tanzanian children: a four-arm randomised effectiveness trial," The Lancet , vol. 365, no. 9469, pp. 1474-1480, 2005. (hindawi.com)
- We tested sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), amodiaquine (AQ) and the combination chloroquine plus SP (CQ + SP). (nih.gov)
- Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine when Delivered to Children under 10 Years of Age by District Health Services in Senegal: Results from a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- It is recommended that children aged 3 months to five years of age living in areas of seasonal transmission in the sub-Sahel should receive Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) during the malaria transmission season. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria Unchanged is a topic covered in the Cochrane Abstracts . (unboundmedicine.com)
- Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/433563/all/Chloroquine_or_amodiaquine_combined_with_sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine_for_treating_uncomplicated_malaria_Unchanged. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Subjects will be randomized to receive treatment with amodiaquine sulfadoxine pyrimethamine or artemether lumefantrine. (isrctn.com)
- There was a significant rank-order correlation between the IC 50 s of desethylamodiaquine and chloroquine, but not between amodiaquine and chloroquine, which suggests that the apparent cross-resistance between chloroquine and amodiaquine observed in clinical studies may be more closely related to the cross-resistance between chloroquine and the metabolite rather than between chloroquine and the parent compound. (ajtmh.org)
- Chloroquine and amodiaquine are 4-aminoquinolines which were products of American research during World War II, though there are reliable indications that chloroquine had been synthesised by the Germans several years earlier as Resochin, which is incidentally a very popular brand name for chloroquine even today. (brainkart.com)
- Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Tablets were assessed according to the `Procedure for Assessing the Acceptability, in principle, of Pharmaceutical Products for purchase by United Nations Agencies' by the team of WHO assessors. (who.int)
- The countries of origin of the assessors involved with Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Tablets were Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Spain, South Africa and Zimbabwe. (who.int)
- 30 August 2007 Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Tablets was included in the list of prequalified medicinal products. (who.int)
- We are leading Exporter and Manufacturer of Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Tablets. (salvavidaspharmaceutical.com)
- Atovaquone and Proguanil hydrochloride tablets have been shown to be effective in regions where the drugs chloroquine, halofantrine, mefloquine, and amodiaquine may have unacceptable failure rates, presumably due to drug resistance. (drugs.com)
- Amodiaquine has become an important drug in the combination therapy for malaria treatment in Africa. (wikipedia.org)
- It is a fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine. (wikipedia.org)
- A combination of nelfinar and amodiaquine 'exhibited the highest synergy,' he said. (news-medical.net)
- This orally available drug combination - nelfinavir -amodiaquine - inhibits the virus infection in cell cultures,' Kainov said. (news-medical.net)
- One artemisinin combination therapy that is drawing a certain degree of interest is the combination of artesunate (a short half-life drug) plus amodiaquine (a long half-life drug that is presently used in loose combination in many countries). (www.gov.uk)
- In addition to the effectiveness of 3 days of treatment (rapid clearance of fever and malaria parasites) in western and central Africa, where resistance to amodiaquine is low, the combination of artesunate plus amodiaquine may delay or prevent the emergence of resistance to both drugs. (www.gov.uk)
- An important step is the recent registration in Morocco (the country where the drug is manufactured) of a fixed combination of artesunate plus amodiaquine by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative with sanofi-aventis as the industrial partner. (www.gov.uk)
- To demonstrate the non-inferiority, in terms of clinical and parasitological efficacy on D28 of administration of Coarsucam™ (artesunate+amodiaquine fixed-dose combination), as a single daily dose, in comparison with administration of Coartem® (artemether+lumefantrine). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Artesunate-amodiaquine combination is the first line treatment used in Médecins Sans Frontières programmes in Niger. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Artesunate-amodiaquine combination for the treatment of childhood malaria is one of the artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) recommended by National authorities in many African countries today. (biomedcentral.com)
- He was treated with the combination artesunate + amodiaquine according to the national malaria policy in Madagascar. (harvard.edu)
- Amodiaquine (AQ), marketed as a combination with Artesunate and prescribed to millions of patients, is one of the most active anti-malarial 4-aminoquinoline. (rroij.com)
- Amodiaquine is a partner drug in the artemisinin-based combination therapy artesunate-amodiaquine. (ijtmgh.com)
- With the use of amodiaquine as a partner drug in antimalarial combination therapies being scaled up, well-structured studies are needed on adverse reactions to amodiaquine and to investigate amodiaquine-associated asthenia. (ijtmgh.com)
- Artesunate plus amodiaquine is one of the artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) recommended by WHO for the treatment of malaria. (who.int)
- Thus, in only one study was this formulation used, the remaining 13 studies are based on the loose combination which uses a different artesunate:amodiaquine ratio. (who.int)
- In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine (AA), artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP), the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PCT, and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear regression. (springer.com)
- The aim of this study is to address this gap in knowledge by measuring the level of patient adherence to co-formulated amodiaquine and artesunate (AQ-AS) compared to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) under routine conditions in Sierra Leone and explore the key factors that influence adherence. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Compliance, safety, and effectiveness of the new fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine regimen used to treat suspected malaria were assessed in febrile children enrolled in a 24-month cohort study in two settings in Madagascar. (pasteur.fr)
- Fixed dose artesunate amodiaquine - a phase IIb, randomized comparative trial with non-fixed artesunate amodiaquine. (dndi.org)
- The ratio of artesunate: amodiaquine in the formulation is not consistent with the recommendation of the WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria, thus delivering a lower dose of amodiaquine. (who.int)
- Thus only about 80% of patients are predicted to receive a therapeutic dose of amodiaquine. (who.int)
- We conducted a randomized trial that compared the efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) with artesunate-amodiaquine (AAQ). (edu.au)
- 8. Brasseur P, Agnamey P, Gaye O, Vaillant M, Taylor WR, Olliaro PL. Efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine in routine use for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Casamance, Southern Senegal. (innovareacademics.in)
- Authors' conclusions: There is evidence to support the continued use of amodiaquine to treat uncomplicated malaria, although local drug resistance patterns need to be considered. (www.gov.uk)
- In addition, selection of resistance/tolerance to the slowly eliminated long-acting partner drugs in ACT (e.g., amodiaquine) is expected, especially in highly malaria-endemic areas of Africa ( 8 - 10 ), which could result in relatively reduced ACT cure rates and reduced protection against artemisinin resistance ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
- In light of reports of increasing resistance of parasites to amodiaquine in African countries in whichPlasmodium falciparumis endemic as well as the paucity of recent in vitro sensitivity data, we assessed the in vivo and in vitro sensitivity to amodiaquine ofP. (ovid.com)
- The high prevalence of in vitro and in vivo resistance precludes the use of amodiaquine on its own as second-line treatment. (ovid.com)
- These findings also suggest that the value of amodiaquine combinations as first- or second-line treatment in areas with similar patterns of 4-aminoquinoline resistance should be reassessed. (ovid.com)
- This study shows that amodiaquine is effective, safe and affordable in an area with high resistance to chloroquine. (msf.org)
- We provide in vivo data to support the in vitro correlation between pfcrt SVMNT and increased resistance to the metabolite of amodiaquine. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- To examine the importance of these mutations in amodiaquine-treated Asian parasites, we determined pre- and posttreatment genotypes for amodiaquine treatment failures from a clinical trial in Afghanistan. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Therefore in vitro studies may underestimate the bioactivation of amodiaquine in vivo. (nih.gov)
- In vivo administration of a small dose amodiaquine dramatically enhanced the effect of histamine on the gastric secretion in dogs . (selleckchem.com)
- We have compared the ex vivo antimalarial activity of 12 new quinoline di-Mannich base compounds containing the 7-dichloroquinoline or 7-trifluoromethylquinoline nucleus with amodiaquine, chloroquine, and pyronaridine using the Saimiri-bioassay model. (asm.org)
- People who are poor metabolizers of amodiaquine display lower treatment efficacy against malaria, as well as increased toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
- Amodiaquine-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The development and clinical use of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents such as amodiaquine have been limited by toxicity to neutrophils. (aspetjournals.org)
- We have investigated the chemical basis of amodiaquine-induced toxicity and compared the findings with those for established antimalarial drugs proposed for human use. (aspetjournals.org)
- These data provide a chemical rationale for the idiosyncratic agranulocytosis observed with amodiaquine, and they suggest that similar toxicity might be anticipated for amopyroquine but is less likely with bis-mannich antimalarial agents such as pyronaridine. (aspetjournals.org)
- This indicated a role for P450 in the bioactivation of amodiaquine to a reactive metabolite that conjugates with glutathione and protein. (nih.gov)
- In contrast to other antimalarial agents, amodiaquine (because it contains a 4-aminophenol function) depleted glutathione in activated neutrophils, by formation of an electrophilic quinoneimine metabolite. (aspetjournals.org)
- Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of amodiaquine versus chloroquine in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Abie, Côte-d'Ivoire]. (msf.org)
- Background: Amodiaquine has been widely used to treat malaria. (www.gov.uk)
- Recently a new series of amodiaquine analogs, in which the hydroxyl group at the 4' position was replaced by various amino groups, was designed. (rroij.com)
- This report studies the global market size of Amodiaquine Hydrochloride Market in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Central & South America and Middle East & Africa, focuses on the consumption of Amodiaquine Hydrochloride in these regions. (webnewswire.com)
- Role of hepatic metabolism in the bioactivation and detoxication of amodiaquine. (nih.gov)
- However, no such binding was observed with human (six individuals) hepatic microsomes despite extensive turnover of amodiaquine to desethylamodiaquine. (nih.gov)
- Amodiaquine prevents severe hepatic injury and high lethality in P. acnes-primed and LPS-induced hepatitis mice. (selleckchem.com)
- Amodiaquine is actually a congener of chloroquine and is no longer used abroad owing to its propensity for causing hepatic damage and agranulocytosis. (brainkart.com)
- Amodiaquine is a potent, non-competitive inhibitor of histamine N-methyl transferase with estimated Ki of 18.6 nM. (selleckchem.com)
- Amodiaquine is a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Amodiaquine is a potent, non-competitive inhibitor of histamine N-methyl transferase in human erythrocytes, also used as an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent. (adooq.com)
- Artesunate/amodiaquine, sold under the trade name Camoquin among others, is a medication used for the treatment of malaria. (wikipedia.org)
- Amodiaquine was first made in 1948. (wikipedia.org)
- Among amodiaquine users, several rare but serious side effects have been reported and linked to variants in the CYP2C8 alleles. (wikipedia.org)