Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)Narcotherapy: Intravenous injections of sodium amytal or sodium pentothal to induce a state in which the patient is more relaxed and communicative. Narcosuggestion, narcosynthesis, and narcoanalysis are therapeutic processes using these drug adjuncts.Catatonia: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)Barbiturates: A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.Hypnotics and Sedatives: Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.GABA Modulators: Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.Injections, Intra-Arterial: Delivery of drugs into an artery.Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe: A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)Tagetes: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of marigold is also used for CALENDULA.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Databases, Genetic: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.Molecular Biology: A discipline concerned with studying biological phenomena in terms of the chemical and physical interactions of molecules.User-Computer Interface: The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.Alcohol Drinking: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Marketing: Activity involved in transfer of goods from producer to consumer or in the exchange of services.Research Report: Detailed account or statement or formal record of data resulting from empirical inquiry.Foundations: Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.Dietetics: The application of nutritional principles to regulation of the diet and feeding persons or groups of persons.Journalism, Medical: The collection, writing, and editing of current interest material on topics related to biomedicine for presentation through the mass media, including newspapers, magazines, radio, or television, usually for a public audience such as health care consumers.Neurosurgery: A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system.Neurology: A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.Functional Laterality: Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.Electroencephalography: Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.Epilepsy: A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)Directories as Topic: Lists of persons or organizations, systematically arranged, usually in alphabetic or classed order, giving address, affiliations, etc., for individuals, and giving address, officers, functions, and similar data for organizations. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Manufactured Materials: Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domestic use.Industry: Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.Industrial Oils: Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications.Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors: Agents that inhibit SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA.Diuretics: Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.Antihypertensive Agents: Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.Epilepsy, Generalized: Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14)Epilepsies, Myoclonic: A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic (i.e., occurring secondary to known disease processes such as infections, hypoxic-ischemic injuries, trauma, etc.).Anticonvulsants: Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.Epilepsy, Reflex: A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile: A disorder characterized by the onset of myoclonus in adolescence, a marked increase in the incidence of absence seizures (see EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), and generalized major motor seizures (see EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). The myoclonic episodes tend to occur shortly after awakening. Seizures tend to be aggravated by sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Hereditary and sporadic forms have been identified. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p323)Drug and Narcotic Control: Control of drug and narcotic use by international agreement, or by institutional systems for handling prescribed drugs. This includes regulations concerned with the manufacturing, dispensing, approval (DRUG APPROVAL), and marketing of drugs.Oenothera: A plant genus of the family ONAGRACEAE. Members contain oenotheins.Viola: A plant genus of the family VIOLACEAE. Some species in this genus are called bouncing bet which is a common name more often used with SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS. Members contain macrocyclic peptides.Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.Central Nervous System Stimulants: A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.Depression, Chemical: The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.Plants, Medicinal: Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.
Regional cerebral perfusion and amytal distribution during the Wada test. (1/167)
The distribution of sodium amytal and its effect on regional cerebral perfusion during the intracarotid amytal (Wada) test were investigated using high-resolution hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT coregistered with the patient's MRI dataset. METHODS: Twenty patients underwent SPECT after intravenous HMPAO injection, and 5 patients had both intravenous and intracarotid injections in a double injection-acquisition protocol. RESULTS: All patients had hypoperfusion in the territories of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Basal ganglia perfusion was preserved in 20 of 25 patients. Hypoperfusion of the entire mesial temporal cortex was seen in 9 of 25 patients. Partial hypoperfusion of the whole mesial cortex or hypoperfusion of part of the mesial cortex was seen in 14 of 25 patients. In 2 of 25 patients, mesial temporal perfusion was unaffected. In 5 patients, the double acquisition showed a distribution of HMPAO delivery matching that of hypoperfusion, except for the following: (a) HMPAO was delivered to the basal ganglia and insula, where there was no hypoperfusion; (b) HMPAO was not delivered to the contralateral cerebellum, which did show hypoperfusion; and (c) in 1 patient, perfusion of the mesial temporal cortex was preserved despite intracarotid delivery of HMPAO. CONCLUSION: Some degree of hypoperfusion of medial temporal structures occurs in the great majority of patients during the Wada test. Partial inactivation of memory structures is therefore a credible mechanism of action of the test. The double acquisition protocol provided no evidence that mesial temporal structures are inactivated remotely by diaschisis. Perfusion in the basal ganglia and insular cortex is not affected by amytal. (+info)Drug blockade of open end-plate channels. (2/167)
1. The actions of amylobarbitone, thiopentone, methohexitone and methyprylone at voltage-clamped frog end-plates were studied. 2. In the presence of barbiturates the conductance change evoked by an iontophoretic carbachol application was reduced by a prepulse of carbachol. The extra inhibition evoked by a prepulse disappeared exponentially with a time constant of 150-200 ms. 3. Barbiturates produce an increased rate of decay of nerve evoked endplate currents. Tne concentration and voltage dependence of the barbtiruate e.p.c. decay rates tally with the hypothesis that the increased rate of decay is due to block of active receptor-channel complexes by barbiturates with a rate constant of 10(6) M-1S-1. 4. Conductance changes produced by bath applied agonists were depressed by thiopentone, the effect becoming greater the higher the agonist concentration. This effect, and also the observation that the concentration of thiopentone required to depress the bath agonist response is much greater than the apparent dissociation constant for binding to active receptor-channel complexes calculated from kinetic measurements, suggest that the selectivity for binding to open receptor-channel complexes is very high. 5. Methyprylone, which is structurally similar to the barbiturates, is only a weak antagonist and shows no interpulse interaction. It was predicted that methyprylone should produce fast and slow components in the e.p.c. decay, and this prediction was verified. 6. In the presence of barbiturates large iontophoretic carbachol applications produce conductance changes which show fast and slow components. Under these conditions the effects of carbachol prepulses become complex. However the effects are qualitatively consistent with the notion that different components of the response are contributed by channels located at various distances from the iontophoretic pipette tip. 7. All the data agree with a model in which the channel has three stages: closed, open and blocked. Only open channels can block, and blocked channels can only open. (+info)Functional MRI and the Wada test provide complementary information for predicting post-operative seizure control. (3/167)
Prediction of post-surgical seizure relief and potential cognitive deficits secondary to anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) are important to pre-surgical planning. Although the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) is predictive of post-ATL seizure outcome, development of non-invasive and more precise means for determining post-ATL seizure relief are needed. We previously reported on a technique utilizing functional MRI (fMRI) to evaluate the relative functional adequacy of mesial temporal lobe structures in preparation for ATL. In the present study, we report follow-up outcome data on eight temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients 1-year post-ATL who were evaluated pre-surgically using IAT and fMRI. Functional memory lateralization using fMRI predicted post-ATL seizure outcome as effectively as the IAT. In general, asymmetry of functional mTL activation favouring the non-epileptic hemisphere was associated with seizure-free status at 1-year follow-up. Moreover, when combined, fMRI and IAT provided complementary data that resulted in improved prediction of post-operative seizure control compared with either procedure alone. (+info)Comparison of localizing values of various diagnostic tests in non-lesional medial temporal lobe epilepsy. (4/167)
Though the surgical treatment for medial temporal lobe epilepsy yields a high success rate, more studies are needed in order to determine the most efficacious pre-operative algorithm. The authors studied the relationship between surgical outcome and the localization results of various pre-operative diagnostic tests to assess the predictive value. Seventy-one consecutive patients who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy with the diagnosis of non-lesional medial temporal lobe epilepsy, who had been followed up more than 24 months, were analyzed retrospectively. Electroencephalogy (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), proton emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the Wada test, and neuropsychological testing were analyzed. There was no diagnostic test that was found to have a statistically significant relationship between Engel Class I outcome and localization results (P & 0.05). SPECT, neuropsychological testing, and the Wada test all had less predictive values (P < 0.01). EEG and PET had comparable predictive values for Engel Class I with MRI (P & 0.05). No single diagnostic test alone is sufficient to make a diagnosis of non-lesional medial temporal lobe epilepsy. MRI, EEG and PET had comparable predictive values for Engel Class I. SPECT, neuropsychological testing, and the Wada test had less predictive values. (+info)Lateralized memory deficits on the Wada test correlate with the side of lobectomy only for patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy. (5/167)
The aim of this study was to determine whether the predictive value of the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) for the side to be resected is applicable only to medial temporal lobe epilepsy and to investigate whether there are different patterns of memory performances on the IAT between patients with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (UMT group) and those without (non-UMT group). We studied 30 patients in the UMT group and 10 in the non-UMT group, who underwent pre-surgical evaluation for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Memory performances on the IAT was defined as the percentage of memory items presented during unilateral hemispheric anesthesia that was recognized after recovery. More than a 20% decline of the memory performance on the IAT compared with the memory performance on the pre-test was regarded as a memory deficit. Age at onset of epilepsy was significantly younger in the UMT than in the non-UMT group. Surgical outcome was significantly better in the UMT than in the non-UMT group. The lateralizing value of unilateral memory deficits on the IAT was statistically confirmed. There was a significant association between falsely lateralizing memory performances and the non-UMT group. Excluding the exceptional cases with right-sided language dominance in spite of right-sided lesions, the high incidence of the unilateral right-sided memory deficits in the non-UMT group was statistically significant. This study suggested that the excellent lateralizing value of the memory performances on the IAT is limited to patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. IAT memory performances in patients without such lesions can be misleading, even if lateralized, because their memory status presumably reflects a natural lateralization of the memory organization which is independent of the epileptogenic focus. (+info)Absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes and acute supratentorial lesions. (6/167)
Loss of vestibulo-ocular reflexes occurred in two patients with acute supratentorial lesions who received therapeutic doses of anticonvulsant drugs. There was no clinical or angiographic evidence of focal brain-stem damage. Absence of vestibulo-ocular reflexes is attributed to a combination of acute cerebral damage and anticonvulsant drugs. The loss of these reflexes in patients with acute cerebral lesions cannot be interpreted as evidence of irreversible brain-stem injury. (+info)Cardioprotective effect of chronic hyperglycemia: effect on hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necrosis. (7/167)
It is generally accepted that mild forms of diabetes render the heart resistant to an ischemic insult. Because myocytes incubated chronically in medium containing high concentrations of glucose (25 mM) develop into a diabetes-like phenotype, we tested the hypothesis that high-glucose treatment diminishes hypoxia-induced injury. In support of this hypothesis, we found that cardiomyocytes incubated for 3 days with medium containing 25 mM glucose showed less hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necrosis than cells exposed to medium containing 5 mM glucose (control). Indeed, whereas 27% of control cells became necrotic after 1 h of chemical hypoxia with 10 mM deoxyglucose and 5 mM amobarbital (Amytal), only 11% of the glucose-treated cells became necrotic. Similarly, glucose treatment reduced the extent of apoptosis from 32% to 12%. This beneficial effect of glucose treatment was associated with a 40% reduction in the Ca(2+) content of the hypoxic cell. Glucose treatment also mediated an upregulation of the cardioprotective factor Bcl-2 but did not affect the cellular content of the proapoptotic factors Bax and Bad. Nonetheless, the phosphorylation state of Bad was shifted in favor of its inactive, phosphorylated form after high-glucose treatment. These data suggest that glucose treatment renders the cardiomyocyte resistant to hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necrosis by preventing the accumulation of Ca(2+) during hypoxia, promoting the upregulation of Bcl-2, and enhancing the inactivation of Bad. (+info)Transcortical sensory aphasia: revisited and revised. (8/167)
Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) is characterized by impaired auditory comprehension with intact repetition and fluent speech. We induced TSA transiently by electrical interference during routine cortical function mapping in six adult seizure patients. For each patient, TSA was associated with multiple posterior cortical sites, including the posterior superior and middle temporal gyri, in classical Wernicke's area. A number of TSA sites were immediately adjacent to sites where Wernicke's aphasia was elicited in the same patients. Phonological decoding of speech sounds was assessed by auditory syllable discrimination and found to be intact at all sites where TSA was induced. At a subset of electrode sites where the pattern of language deficits otherwise resembled TSA, naming and word reading remained intact. Language lateralization testing by intracarotid amobarbital injection showed no evidence of independent right hemisphere language. These results suggest that TSA may result from a one-way disruption between left hemisphere phonology and lexical-semantic processing. (+info)The combination of clonazepam and certain barbiturates, e.g. amobarbital, at prescribed doses has resulted in a synergistic ... Honer WG; Rosenberg RG; Turey M; Fisher WA (November 1986). "Respiratory failure after clonazepam and amobarbital". Am J ...
Jones-Gotman, M; Sziklas, V; Djordjevic, J (2009). "Intracarotid amobarbital procedure and etomidate speech and memory test". ... Patel, Akta; Wordell, Cindy; Szarlej, Dorota (2011). "Alternatives to sodium amobarbital in the Wada test". Ann Pharmacother. ...
... and then responding dramatically to multigram doses of amobarbital. The films were convincing, and amobarbital was quickly and ... He and Lorenz found that intravenous sodium amytal (amobarbital) was effective in producing a "lucid interval," wherein ... Tollefson GD (1982). "The amobarbital interview in the differential diagnosis of catatonia". Psychosomatics. 23 (4): 437-438. ... Bleckwenn and Mabel Masten also studied the reversal of overdosage by amobarbital in the mid-1930s. They found that dilute ...
Examples include amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, and sodium thiopental. Quinazolinones are also a ...
Loring, D.W., Meador, K.J., Lee, G.P., King, D.W. (1992). Amobarbital Effects and Lateralized Brain Function: The Wada Test. ... Essentially, they introduce a barbiturate (usually sodium amobarbital) into one of the internal carotid arteries via a cannula ... The Wada test, also known as the intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure (ISAP) establishes cerebral language and memory ...
Cameron suggests drugging her with amobarbital to suppress her thalamus. However, she continues to lie even on the amobarbital ...
Barbiturates more likely to cause euphoria include amobarbital, secobarbital and pentobarbital. Benzodiazepines more likely to ...
Tollefson GD: The amobarbital interview in the differential diagnosis of catatonia. Psychosomatics 1982; 23: 437-438. Bleckwenn ... These include ethanol, scopolamine, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, midazolam, flunitrazepam, sodium thiopental, and amobarbital, ... and amobarbital (formerly known as sodium amytal). While there have been many clinical studies of the efficacy of narcoanalysis ...
Under the original CSA, no barbiturates were placed in schedule I, II, or V, however amobarbital, pentobarbital, and ... The most commonly used are amobarbital (Amytal), pentobarbital (Nembutal), and secobarbital (Seconal). A combination of ... amobarbital, butalbital, cyclobarbital, and pentobarbital as schedule III, and allobarbital, barbital, butobarbital, ... Among that group of drugs are the barbiturates amobarbital, butalbital, cyclobarbital, and pentobarbital. In the United States ...
N05CA02 Amobarbital. N05CA03 Butobarbital. N05CA04 Barbital. N05CA05 Aprobarbital. N05CA06 Secobarbital. N05CA07 Talbutal. ...
Use of sodium amobarbital with LSD to cause loss of inhibition.[page needed] In the United States, in a series of hearings in ...
Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid). *Buprenorphine (2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]- ...
... and hydrochlorothiazide have been known to interfere with amobarbital, which has led to inadequate anesthetization during the ... "Reduced anesthetization during the intracarotid amobarbital (Wada) test in patients taking carbonic anhydrase-inhibiting ...
Barbiturate Amobarbital Use of sodium amytal during WWII American Experience - The Battle of the Bulge. Thomas F. Lennon. 1994 ...
... amobarbital), at prescribed doses has resulted in a synergistic potentiation of the effects of each drug, leading to serious ... "Respiratory failure after clonazepam and amobarbital". Am J Psychiatry. 143 (11): 1495. doi:10.1176/ajp.143.11.1495b. PMID ...
The test turns phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital light purple by complexation of cobalt with the ...
Some epilepsy centers use intracarotid sodium amobarbital test (Wada test), functional MRI (fMRI) or magnetoencephalography ( ...
Secobarbital and Amobarbital, or Tuinal, and possession of controlled dangerous substance, Diazepam or Valium. O'Dell's muffled ...
An autopsy later showed a lethal combination of secobarbital and amobarbital, which contributed to her death at the age of 39. ...
... secobarbital and amobarbital are subject to more legal restrictions and tougher penalties than are other Class C substances. ^ ...
The blood test also showed signs of amobarbital, which was possibly a residue from the Dexamyl pills that were found on ...
In clinical psychology and psychiatry, narcosynthesis - also called narcoanalysis, amobarbital interview, and amytal interview ... "The Addition of Intravenous Caffeine During an Amobarbital Interview". Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 1992 November; ...
The Wada test, where sodium amobarbital is used to anaesthetise one hemisphere, shows that the left-hemisphere appears to be ...
18] Shembujt përfshijnë amobarbital, pentobarbital, fenobarbital, secobarbital, dhe thiopental natriumi. Quinazolinonet[Redakto ...
In December 1978, he was questioned under amobarbital - believed at the time to be a truth serum - and made an ambiguous remark ...
A list of US medications equivalent to Amobarbital is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Amobarbital is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Amobarbital. In the US, Amobarbital (amobarbital systemic) is a member of the drug class barbiturates and is used to treat ...
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Amobarbital - Generated on April 18, 2019. ©2019 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. ... If you have an allergy to amobarbital or any other part of this drug. ...
Read the side effects of Amobarbital as described in the medical literature. In case of any doubt consult your doctor or ... Side effect(s) of Amobarbital Read the side effects of Amobarbital as described in the medical literature. In case of any doubt ... Amobarbital - Information. Amobarbital is a barbiturate derivative, prescribed for anxiety, insomnia and induction of ...
If amobarbital is taken for extended periods of time, physical and psychological dependence can develop. Amobarbital withdrawal ... amobarbital > phenobarbital > barbital) It has an LD50 in mice of 212 mg/kg s.c.[citation needed] Amobarbital undergoes both ... The use of amobarbital as a truth serum has lost credibility due to the discovery that a subject can be coerced into having a " ... Amobarbital has been used in a study to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport in the rat heart in an attempt to preserve ...
Amobarbital je barbiturat sa hipnotičkim i sedativnim svojstvima. On se ne primenjuje se u lečenju anksioznosti. Njegove ... Kim HS, Wan X, Mathers DA, Puil E: Selective GABA-receptor actions of amobarbital on thalamic neurons. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct ... Tang BK, Kalow W, Grey AA: Amobarbital metabolism in man: N-glucoside formation. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1978 Jul;21( ... Maynert EW: The alcoholic metabolites of pentobarbital and amobarbital in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1965 Oct;150(1):118-21. ...
... amobarbital / ephedrine. Includes High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) ... There are 3 alcohol/food/lifestyle interactions with aminophylline / amobarbital / ephedrine which include:. Major amobarbital ... aminophylline / amobarbital / ephedrine drug Interactions. There are 1250 drug interactions with aminophylline / amobarbital / ... Using amobarbital together with aminophylline may decrease the effects of aminophylline. Contact your doctor if your condition ...
... intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure) from other patients. Learn from their experiences about effectiveness, side effects ...
Amobarbital indications and usages ATC and ICD codes, combinations with other active ingredients and trade names information ... Amobarbital. Rauwolfia Alkaloids Hypercal-B - Carlton Laboratories Amobarbital. Secobarbital Amobarbital; Secobarbitol - ... Amobarbital. Hydroquinidine Emotival - Almirall Amobarbital. Moxisylyte Hydrochloride Carlytene Amobarbital - Dedieu ... Amobarbital. Ephedrine Sulfate Ephedrine and Amytal - Eli Lilly Amobarbital. Glutethimide. Promethazine Hydrochloride Tardyl - ...
Rats receiving occasional brief electric shocks pressed a bar, which caused them to be injected with amobarbital sodium, more ... Fear and Pain: Their Effect on Self-Injection of Amobarbital Sodium by Rats ... Fear and Pain: Their Effect on Self-Injection of Amobarbital Sodium by Rats ... Fear and Pain: Their Effect on Self-Injection of Amobarbital Sodium by Rats ...
Market Research Report 2018 aims at providing comprehensive data on amobarbital sodium market globally and regionally ... Amobarbital sodium prices in other regions. 7. AMOBARBITAL SODIUM END-USE SECTOR 7.1. Amobarbital sodium market by application ... 6. AMOBARBITAL SODIUM MARKET PRICES. 6.1. Amobarbital sodium prices in Europe. 6.2. Amobarbital sodium prices in Asia 6.3. ... 2. AMOBARBITAL SODIUM APPLICATIONS. 2.1. Amobarbital sodium application spheres, downstream products. 3. AMOBARBITAL SODIUM ...
Amobarbital. 1.0 mg/mL in Methanol , Certified Reference Material. A Certified Spiking Solution® for amobarbital testing ... Amobarbital is a barbiturate approved for treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy. ...
Results Reasons for conducting a Wada test were (1) a patients inability to perform the fMRI task due to agitation, mental disablement, or perceptual impairment, (2) validation of atypical, inconclusive or not clearly lateralised language activation shown with fMRI, (3) evaluation of propagation of ongoing interictal bilateral epileptiform EEG activity, (4) region selective testing of language and other cognitive functions, or (5) assessment of motor localisation. Patients who were not able to perform the fMRI task or in whom fMRI did not provide interpretable results were significantly younger (p,0.05). ...
Achetez Amobarbital 0.1 mg/ml in Methanol - Numéro CAS 57-43-2 de LGC Standards. Sidentifier ou senregistrer pour permettre ...
The National Center for Biomedical Ontology was founded as one of the National Centers for Biomedical Computing, supported by the NHGRI, the NHLBI, and the NIH Common Fund under grant U54-HG004028 ...
USP Amobarbital RS. USP Endotoxin RS. Constituted solution At the time of use, it meets the requirements for Constituted ... It contains not more than 0.4 USP Endotoxin Unit per mg of amobarbital sodium. ... and Assay under Amobarbital Sodium. It meets also the requirements for Sterility Tests 71. , Uniformity of Dosage Units 905. , ...
amobarbital increased the mean acamol AUC but did exist not influence of blood acetaldehyde levels. Last academic calendar year ...
Reintroduction of prazosin and hct treatment, together with intracarotid amobarbital, reduced urinary volume again by providing ... pyridoxine dosage adjustments you will be required in patients who receive concomitant amobarbital therapy. ...
We are sorry, there are no companies found in " Amobarbital Sodium" Listing your company for Amobarbital Sodium allows buyers ... Amobarbital Sodium manufacturers and suppliers. Search. Search by Drug Name, Company, CAS, Chem formula, IUPAC Name, Country (e ...
Amobarbital Sodium. New APIs added. 10 Aug, 2015. in New APIs added 2015 tagged Ambroxol Theophyllinate / Amobarbital Sodium / ... new APIs added to the Database in August: Ambroxol Theophyllinate, Amobarbital Sodium, Anacetrapib, Buparvaquone, Empagliflozin ...
Captopril/hydrochlorothiazide is an oral medication used to treat high blood pressure. Learn who its for, how it works, its side effects, warnings, and more.
Find information on Amobarbital (Amytal) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing ... amobarbital is a topic covered in the Daviss Drug Guide. To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription. ... "Amobarbital." Daviss Drug Guide, 16th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2020. Anesthesia Central, anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia ... Davis-Drug-Guide/51045/all/amobarbital. Quiring C, Sanoski CA, Vallerand AH. Amobarbital. Daviss Drug Guide. F.A. Davis ...
2 Why was the Amobarbital made?. *3 What causes Amobarbital addiction?*3.1 What are the signs and symptoms of Amobarbital ... 3.4 Long-Term effects of Amobarbital*3.4.1 Drug overdose symptoms. *3.4.2 What are the treatments available for Amobarbital ... Quick facts about Amobarbital:. *A daily dose of 500 milligram of amobarbital can cause dependence. ... rehabnear.me >> addiction treatment centers in alabama >> axis >> amobarbital The drug amobarbital is considered as a ...
The paper labels of all prescription medications containing that drug restricted in some countries stagnated or Amobarbital ... The paper labels of all prescription medications containing that drug restricted in some countries stagnated or Amobarbital ...
Antonyms for amobarbital. 8 words related to amobarbital: amobarbital sodium, Amytal, blue angel, blue devil, blue, barbiturate ... Words related to amobarbital. a barbiturate with sedative and hypnotic effects. Related Words. *amobarbital sodium ... amobarbital. Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to amobarbital: secobarbital ... amobarbital,type:0,children:[{name:amobarbital sodium,type:4},{name:Amytal,type:4},{name:blue angel,type ...
PentobarbitalSecobarbitalAmytalBarbituratesIntracarotid amobarbital procedureDavis's Drug GuideWADA TestAminophyllineSedationAnesthesiaInsomniaThalamicInjectionMetabolismCitationClinicalMitochondrialIntravenousAddictionAlcoholUrineDrugDoseDependenceHypotensionTreatmentPatientsWithdrawalEffectsFormulaNamesPredict
- A 1988 study found that amobarbital increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo with less potency than secobarbital and pentobarbital (in descending order), but greater than phenobarbital and barbital (in descending order). (wikipedia.org)
- Maynert EW: The alcoholic metabolites of pentobarbital and amobarbital in man. (wikipedia.org)
- Or at least diagnostic use of hypnosis or drug-assisted interviews (for example, employing sodium amobarbital or pentobarbital)? (freethesaurus.com)
- An 'improved version', phenobarbital (Luminal) followed in 1912 and was later joined by the likes of pentobarbital (Nembutal), secobarbital (Seconal) and amobarbital (Amytal). (freethesaurus.com)
- The sodium salts of amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital are available as sterile parenteral solutions. (nih.gov)
- The lethal dose varies from 2-3 g for amobarbital and pentobarbital to 6-10 g for phenobarbital. (europa.eu)
- Lethal overdoses are associated with plasma levels of 60 mg/L of phenobarbital but only 10 mg/L of short-acting compounds such as amobarbital and pentobarbital. (europa.eu)
- Other Schedule II substances include: amobarbital, glutethimide, and pentobarbital. (chron.com)
- Another popular brand of barbiturate pill Tuinal contained a combination of secobarbital and amobarbital but is now rarely prescribed due to problems with abuse and overdose . (bionity.com)
- Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone or sodium amytal) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. (wikipedia.org)
- If indicated, intra-arterial amobarbital (Amytal) testing can be done to determine eloquence of the vascular territory distal to the lesion. (freethesaurus.com)
- Amobarbital was once manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company in the US under the brand name Amytal in bright blue bullet shaped capsule (known as Pulvules) form containing either 50 or 100 mg of the drug. (mandspyschedelics.com)
- Sodium amytal (amobarbital, amylobarbitone, Amytal) is an intermediate-acting barbiturate. (encyclopedia.com)
- In the US, Amobarbital (amobarbital systemic) is a member of the drug class barbiturates and is used to treat Insomnia and Sedation . (drugs.com)
- Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isoamylbarbituric acid), like all barbiturates, is synthesized by reacting malonic acid derivatives with urea derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
- 2) and the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (LAP) are complementary structural, functional and cognitive studies employed to detect and characterize lesions in the temporal lobes. (freethesaurus.com)
- Factors in children that predict performance on the intracarotid amobarbital procedure. (freethesaurus.com)
- We modified the standard intracarotid amobarbital procedure by adding a radioactive tracer to the amobarbital injection, thereby providing better correlation between behavior and deactivated brain region. (elsevier.com)
- amobarbital is a topic covered in the Davis's Drug Guide . (unboundmedicine.com)
- Anxiety Epilepsy Insomnia Wada test When given slowly by an intravenous route, sodium amobarbital has a reputation for acting as a so-called truth serum. (wikipedia.org)
- There are no evaluations for WADA Test (intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure). (patientslikeme.com)
- Using amobarbital together with aminophylline may decrease the effects of aminophylline. (drugs.com)
- She called Walker's psychiatrist who arrived and administered amobarbital for sedation. (wikipedia.org)
- Anesthesia Central , anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51045/all/amobarbital. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Also, medical professional give amobarbital before anesthesia during surgery. (rehabnear.me)
- Amobarbital is a barbiturate approved for treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy. (cerilliant.com)
- Lormetazepam and amobarbital sodium in the outpatient treatment of insomnia: a controlled trial. (nih.gov)
- Lormetazepam and amobarbital in the treatment of insomnia in psychiatric outpatients. (nih.gov)
- Kim HS, Wan X, Mathers DA, Puil E: Selective GABA-receptor actions of amobarbital on thalamic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
- Amobarbital Sodium for Injection is Amobarbital Sodium suitable for parenteral use. (drugfuture.com)
- Intracarotid injection of 125 mg of sodium amobarbital with 37 MBq of technetium Tc 99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO), followed by language and memory testing. (elsevier.com)
- Thus, the most accurate method of determining correlation of brain region with memory function during intracarotid amobarbital injection involves the use of a tracer such as HMPAO. (elsevier.com)
- Chlormethiazole, amobarbital, lidocaine and PLT 101 in spasticity and rigidity: a study of clinical and EMG-Registrable effects on intravenous injection. (nih.gov)
- Tang BK, Kalow W, Grey AA: Amobarbital metabolism in man: N-glucoside formation. (wikipedia.org)
- My colleagues and I started to investigate the metabolism of amobarbital , a sleeping pill of the barbiturate class widely used at that time. (freethesaurus.com)
- barbital) It has an LD50 in mice of 212 mg/kg s.c.[citation needed] Amobarbital undergoes both hydroxylation to form 3'-hydroxyamobarbital, and N-glucosidation to form 1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amobarbital. (wikipedia.org)
- A Certified Spiking Solution® for amobarbital testing methods by GC/MS or LC/MS for clinical toxicology, medication monitoring, forensic analysis, pain prescription monitoring, or urine drug testing applications. (cerilliant.com)
- Clinical usefulness of sodium amobarbital interviewing. (freethesaurus.com)
- Sodium amobarbital: historical perspectives and neurorehabilitation clinical caveats. (nih.gov)
- Amobarbital has been used in a study to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport in the rat heart in an attempt to preserve mitochondrial function following reperfusion. (wikipedia.org)
- Camara, "Inhibited mitochondrial respiration by amobarbital during cardiac ischaemia improves redox state and reduces matrix [Ca. (freethesaurus.com)
- McCall WV: The addition of intravenous caffeine during an amobarbital interview. (wikipedia.org)
- When taking amobarbital it is important to take it in moderation because it can generates addiction. (rehabnear.me)
- Addiction for amobarbital can quickly develop. (rehabnear.me)
- What are the treatments available for Amobarbital addiction? (rehabnear.me)
- Experts believed that social and mental rehabilitation serves as the most effective way to treat amobarbital addiction. (rehabnear.me)
- Substance abuse such as Amobarbital addiction can harm damage the mental health of the user. (rehabnear.me)
- Recovery from Amobarbital addiction is possible. (addictionblog.org)
- Learn more about the causes of Amobarbital addiction and what you can do to help yourself or a loved one break free. (addictionblog.org)
- Walker was allegedly drinking prior to his emotional outburst, and it is believed the combination of amobarbital and alcohol resulted in a severe reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- Talk with your doctor before using any medications together, or drinking alcohol with amobarbital. (drugs.com)
- Soine PJ, Soine WH: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the diastereomers of 1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amobarbital in urine. (wikipedia.org)
- If you have an allergy to amobarbital or any other part of this drug. (mskcc.org)
- The drug amobarbital is considered as a barbiturate and first discovered in Germany in 1923. (rehabnear.me)
- The paper labels of all prescription medications containing that drug restricted in some countries stagnated or Amobarbital will now restrict their use dice in children under 12 and recommend against their use in children between 12 and 18 years suspected of age. (top-web.us)
- The researchers then injected a barbiturate drug, sodium amobarbital , into an artery leading into her left hemisphere in order to shut down temporarily these language areas. (freethesaurus.com)
- The effects of Amobarbital drug abuse will vary from person to person-no two cases are exactly the same. (rehabnear.me)
- Drug treatment for Amobarbital is an organized process for residents of Cooper City. (rehabnear.me)
- controlled drug also interferes with the absorption of Amobarbital and certain other medications. (pureglassbottle.com)
- A daily dose of 500 milligram of amobarbital can cause dependence. (rehabnear.me)
- The dose of amobarbital sodium must be individualized with full knowledge of its particular characteristics and recommended rate of administration. (mandspyschedelics.com)
- If amobarbital is taken for extended periods of time, physical and psychological dependence can develop. (wikipedia.org)
- This means that amobarbital contains a high potential for abuse and dependence. (rehabnear.me)
- Like many neuroleptics, taking Amobarbital may lead to the development account of prolonged hypotension. (pureglassbottle.com)
- Reintroduction of prazosin and hct treatment, together with intracarotid amobarbital, reduced urinary volume again by providing approximately one third. (alpharettaband.com)
- pyridoxine dosage adjustments you will be required in patients who receive concomitant amobarbital therapy. (alpharettaband.com)
- Amobarbital withdrawal mimics delirium tremens and may be life-threatening. (wikipedia.org)
- Read the side effects of Amobarbital as described in the medical literature. (medindia.net)
- Ask your doctor before using amobarbital together with ethanol, this can add to dizziness, drowsiness and other side effects of amobarbital. (drugs.com)
- Multiple Effects of Amobarbital on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells. (degruyter.com)
- Amobarbital sodium is sodium 5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbiturate and has the empirical formula C 11 H 17 N 2 Na0 3 . (mandspyschedelics.com)
- It captures amobarbital sodium market trends, pays close attention to amobarbital sodium manufacturers and names suppliers. (marketpublishers.com)
- To better identify regions of the brain affected by intracarotid amobarbital injections and to more precisely predict whether resections of specific brain regions will cause postoperative memory deficits. (elsevier.com)