Amnesia: Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)Amnesia, Retrograde: Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point in time. This process may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organic forms may be associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; and a wide variety of other conditions that impair cerebral function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-9)Amnesia, Anterograde: Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)Amnesia, Transient Global: A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)Axonal Transport: The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)Korsakoff Syndrome: An acquired cognitive disorder characterized by inattentiveness and the inability to form short term memories. This disorder is frequently associated with chronic ALCOHOLISM; but it may also result from dietary deficiencies; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NEOPLASMS; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; ENCEPHALITIS; EPILEPSY; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)Memory: Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.Alcohol Amnestic Disorder: A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)Retention (Psychology): The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.Mental Recall: The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.Kinesin: A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.Avoidance Learning: A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.Pyrithiamine: A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.Autobiography as Topic: The life of a person written by himself or herself. (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)Diencephalon: The paired caudal parts of the PROSENCEPHALON from which the THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; EPITHALAMUS; and SUBTHALAMUS are derived.Axons: Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.Hippocampus: A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.Temporal Lobe: Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.Scopolamine Hydrobromide: An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in URINARY INCONTINENCE, in MOTION SICKNESS, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic.Mamillary Bodies: A pair of nuclei and associated gray matter in the interpeduncular space rostral to the posterior perforated substance in the posterior hypothalamus.Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.Confusion: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.Unconsciousness: Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)Preanesthetic Medication: Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.Neuronal Tract-Tracers: Substances used to identify the location and to characterize the types of NEURAL PATHWAYS.Memory Disorders: Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.Neural Pathways: Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.Atrioventricular Node: A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart.Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus: The largest of the medial nuclei of the thalamus. It makes extensive connections with most of the other thalamic nuclei.Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate: The lectin wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to the enzyme HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE. It is widely used for tracing neural pathways.Thalamic Diseases: Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestations include sensory loss, MOVEMENT DISORDERS; ATAXIA, pain syndromes, visual disorders, a variety of neuropsychological conditions, and COMA. Relatively common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; BRAIN HYPOXIA; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; and infectious processes.Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.Protein Transport: The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.Craniocerebral Trauma: Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.Fornix, Brain: Heavily myelinated fiber bundle of the TELENCEPHALON projecting from the hippocampal formation to the HYPOTHALAMUS. Some authorities consider the fornix part of the LIMBIC SYSTEM. The fimbria starts as a flattened band of axons arising from the subiculum and HIPPOCAMPUS, which then thickens to form the fornix.Stilbamidines: STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques: Methods used to label and follow the course of NEURAL PATHWAYS by AXONAL TRANSPORT of injected NEURONAL TRACT-TRACERS.Coat Protein Complex I: A protein complex comprised of COATOMER PROTEIN and ADP RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1. It is involved in transport of vesicles between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS.Dextrans: A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.Thalamic Nuclei: Several groups of nuclei in the thalamus that serve as the major relay centers for sensory impulses in the brain.Pre-Excitation Syndromes: A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry: Abnormally rapid heartbeats caused by reentry of atrial impulse into the dual (fast and slow) pathways of ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE. The common type involves a blocked atrial impulse in the slow pathway which reenters the fast pathway in a retrograde direction and simultaneously conducts to the atria and the ventricles leading to rapid HEART RATE of 150-250 beats per minute.Coatomer Protein: A 700-kDa cytosolic protein complex consisting of seven equimolar subunits (alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta). COATOMER PROTEIN and ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 are principle components of COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I and are involved in vesicle transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS.Herpesvirus 1, Suid: A species of VARICELLOVIRUS producing a respiratory infection (PSEUDORABIES) in swine, its natural host. It also produces an usually fatal ENCEPHALOMYELITIS in cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, foxes, and mink.Efferent Pathways: Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.Thalamus: Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.Paired-Associate Learning: Learning in which the subject must respond with one word or syllable when presented with another word or syllable.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Afferent Pathways: Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.Biotin: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.Thiamine Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)Amygdala: Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Alphaherpesvirinae: A subfamily of HERPESVIRIDAE characterized by a short replication cycle. The genera include: SIMPLEXVIRUS; VARICELLOVIRUS; MAREK'S DISEASE-LIKE VIRUSES; and ILTOVIRUS.Recognition (Psychology): The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered.Verbal Learning: Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Anterior Thalamic Nuclei: Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group includes the anterodorsal nucleus, anteromedial nucleus, and anteroventral nucleus. All receive connections from the MAMILLARY BODY and BRAIN FORNIX, and project fibers to the CINGULATE BODY.Multiple Personality Disorder: A dissociative disorder in which the individual adopts two or more distinct personalities. Each personality is a fully integrated and complex unit with memories, behavior patterns and social friendships. Transition from one personality to another is sudden.Kymography: The recording of wavelike motions or undulations. It is usually used on arteries to detect variations in blood pressure.Brain Damage, Chronic: A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.Superior Colliculi: The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which coordinate the general behavioral orienting responses to visual stimuli, such as whole-body turning, and reaching.
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia after lesions to frontal cortex in rats. (1/47)
A socially acquired food-preference test was used to assess effects of lesions to the frontal cortex on anterograde and retrograde memory in rats. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of lesion when rats were administered a two-choice test in which the target food was to be selected in the presence of a single distractor. In Experiment 2, a three-choice memory test was administered in which the target food was presented along with two equally palatable alternatives. In the latter test, lesioned groups displayed anterograde amnesia that increased with the length of the interval between postoperative acquisition and test, and a severe retrograde amnesia that extended equally over the entire range of intervals between preoperative acquisition and test. This outcome, which contrasted with the pattern of memory loss previously observed in rats with hippocampal lesions on this test, was interpreted as evidence for the strategic role of the frontal lobes in directing response selection and retrieval processes in memory. (+info)Brain correlates of memory dysfunction in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. (2/47)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between anterograde amnesia and atrophy of brain structures involved in memory processing in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. METHODS: The volume of brain structures involved in memory processing was measured with MRI from 13 subjects with Korsakoff's syndrome, 13 subjects with chronic alcoholism without Korsakoff's syndrome, and 13 control subjects. The brain structures analysed were the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the mamillary bodies, the third ventricle, and the thalamus. Brain volumes were correlated with the delayed recall of a verbal learning test. RESULTS: Compared with subjects with chronic alcoholism and control subjects, subjects with Korsakoff's syndrome had a reduced volume of the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies, and the thalamus, and enlargement of the third ventricle. The impairment of delayed recall correlated with the volume of the third ventricle (r=-0.55, p=0.05) in the Korsakoff group. CONCLUSIONS: Anterograde amnesia in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome is associated with atrophy of the nuclei in the midline of the thalamus, but not with atrophy of the mamillary bodies, the hippocampus, or the parahippocampal gyrus. (+info)Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of mnesic effects of lorazepam in healthy volunteers. (3/47)
AIMS: To describe the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the psychomotor and mnesic effects of a single 2 mg oral dose of lorazepam in healthy volunteers. METHODS: This was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled two-way cross-over study. The effect of lorazepam was examined with the following tasks: choice reaction time, immediate and delayed cued recall of paired words and immediate and delayed free recall and recognition of pictures. RESULTS: The mean calculated EC50 values derived from the PK/PD modelling of the different tests ranged from 12.2 to 15.3 ng ml-1. On the basis of the statistical comparison of the EC50 values, the delayed recall trials seemed to be more impaired than the immediate recall trials; similar observations were made concerning the recognition vs recall tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The parameter values derived from PK/PD modelling, and especially the EC50 values, may provide sensitive indices that can be used, rather than the raw data derived from pharmacodynamic measurements, to compare CNS effects of benzodiazepines. (+info)Amnesia due to fornix infarction. (4/47)
Background and Purpose-The fornix connects various structures involved in memory. We report a patient with anterograde amnesia after an acute ischemic infarct in the anterior fornix. Case Description-A 71-year-old female with acute-onset amnesia had neuroimaging studies showing ischemic infarction of both columns and the body of the fornix and the genu of the corpus callosum. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed anterograde amnesia without evidence of callosal disconnection. The patient showed marked improvement in her memory function on the follow-up visit. Conclusions-Amnesia in this case is likely due to infarction of the anterior fornix structures. (+info)Bilateral astrocytoma involving the limbic system precipitating disabling amnesia and seizures. (5/47)
Astrocytomas involving the limbic system are usually unilateral in nature. We report a very unusual case where a low-grade astrocytoma originating in the left temporal lobe spread to the right hippocampus through the hippocampal commissure to cause disabling amnesia and seizures. Some improvement in the memory deficit was facilitated by identification of complex partial status epilepticus. EEG should be performed in all patients with lesions of the limbic system and neuropsychological problems if ongoing seizure activity is not to be missed. (+info)Focal autobiographical amnesia in association with transient epileptic amnesia. (6/47)
Although problems with remembering significant events from the past (e.g. holidays, weddings, etc.) have been reported previously in patients with transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), to date there have been no detailed studies of autobiographical memory in patients with this disorder. To investigate this issue, a 68-year-old right-handed man (R.G.) who suffered from TEA and reported significant autobiographical memory problems was tested on a battery of neuropsychological tests of anterograde and remote memory. Tests of autobiographical memory revealed that R.G. was unable to evoke detailed autobiographical recollections from a substantial part of his life. By contrast, he performed well on tests of new learning and general knowledge and possessed good personal semantic information about his past. In summary, a distinct form of autobiographical amnesia, which is characterized by loss of experiential remembering of significant events, may be associated with TEA. It is proposed that the autobiographical memory deficit seen in the disorder may result from the progressive erasure of cortically based memory representations. This case adds to growing evidence for a dissociation between mechanisms subserving anterograde memory and those required to evoke remote episodic memories. (+info)Cognitive impairment after small-dose ketamine isomers in comparison to equianalgesic racemic ketamine in human volunteers. (7/47)
BACKGROUND: Ketamine is increasingly used in pain therapy but may impair brain functions. Mood and cognitive capacities were compared after equianalgesic small-dose S(+)-, R(-)-, and racemic ketamine in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects received intravenous 0.5 mg/kg racemic, 0.25 mg/kg S(+)-, and 1.0 mg/kg R(-)-ketamine in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Hemodynamic variables, mood, and cognitive capacities were assessed for 60 min. RESULTS: Transient increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and catecholamines were similar after administration of all drugs. At 20 min after injection, subjects felt less decline in concentration and were more brave after S(+)- than racemic ketamine. They reported being less lethargic but more out-of-control after R(-)- than racemic ketamine. Ketamine isomers induced less drowsiness, less lethargy, and less impairment in clustered subjective cognitive capacity than racemic ketamine for the 60-min study. Objective concentration capacity [test time, S(+): 25.4 +/- 15.2 s, R(-): 34.8 +/- 18.4 s, racemic ketamine: 40.8 +/- 20.8 s, mean +/- SD] and retention in primary memory [test time, S(+): 4.6 +/- 1.2 s, R(-): 4.2 +/- 1.4 s, racemic ketamine: 4.0 +/- 1.4 s, mean +/- SD] declined less after S(+)- than either R(-)- or racemic ketamine at 1 min. At 5 min, immediate recall, anterograde amnesia, retention in primary memory, short-term storage capacity, and intelligence quotient were less reduced after the isomers than racemic ketamine. Speed reading and central information flow decreased less after S(+)- than racemic ketamine. CONCLUSIONS: Early after injection, ketamine isomers induce less tiredness and cognitive impairment than equianalgesic small-dose racemic ketamine. In addition, S(+)-ketamine causes less decline in concentration capacity and primary memory. The differences in drug effects cannot be explained by stereoselective action on one given receptor. (+info)Isoflurane causes anterograde but not retrograde amnesia for pavlovian fear conditioning. (8/47)
BACKGROUND: Production of retrograde amnesia by anesthetics would indicate that these drugs can disrupt mechanisms that stabilize memory. Such disruption would allow suppression of memory of previous untoward events. The authors examined whether isoflurane provides retrograde amnesia for classic (Pavlovian) fear conditioning. METHODS: Rats were trained to fear tone by applying three (three-trial) or one (one-trial) tone-shock pairs while breathing various constant concentrations of isoflurane. Immediately after training, isoflurane administration was either discontinued, maintained unchanged, or rapidly increased to 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration for 1 h longer. Groups of rats were similarly trained to fear context while breathing isoflurane by applying shocks (without tones) in a distinctive environment. The next day, memory for the conditioned stimuli was determined by presenting the tone or context (without shock) and measuring the proportion of time each rat froze (appeared immobile). For each conditioning procedure, the effects of the three posttraining isoflurane treatments were compared. RESULTS: Rapid increases in posttraining isoflurane administration did not suppress conditioned fear for any of the training procedures. In contrast, isoflurane administration during conditioning dose-dependently suppressed conditioning (P < 0.05). Training to tone was more resistant to the effects of isoflurane than training to context (P < 0.05), and the three-trial learning procedure was more was more resistant than the one-trial procedure (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane provided intense dose-dependent anterograde but not retrograde amnesia for classic fear conditioning. Isoflurane appears to disrupt memory processes that occur at or within a few minutes of the conditioning procedure. (+info)His subsequent total anterograde amnesia and partial retrograde amnesia provided the first evidence for the localization of ... doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00081-2. Aggleton, John P (2008). "Understanding anterograde amnesia: Disconnections and hidden ... Meulemans, Thierry; Van der Linden, Martial (2003). "Implicit learning of complex information in amnesia". Brain and Cognition ...
As a result, he experienced severe anterograde amnesia. Several disorders or impairments have been found to disrupt an ... Milner, B. (1966). Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In C.W.M. Whitty & O.L. Zangwill(Eds), Amnesia, (109-133 ... Feinstein, J.S., Duff, M.C., Tranel, D. (2010). Sustained experience of emotion after loss of memory in patients with amnesia ...
Lang, Pierre Olivier; Sellal, François (2008-05-01). "[Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis revealed by anterograde amnesia ... Schott, J. M.; Harkness, K.; Barnes, J.; della Rocchetta, A. Incisa; Vincent, A.; Rossor, M. N. (2003-04-12). "Amnesia, ... Vincent, Angela; Bien, Christian G. (2005-09-01). "Temporal lobe seizures, amnesia and autoantibodies - identifying a ... Delusions Psychosis Amnesia, Seizures, Dyskinesias, Catatonia, orolingual dyskinesias and stereotypic movement Autonomic ...
Anterograde amnesia *00:14, 19 April 2014 (diff , hist) . . (+57) . . Jefferson Davis ...
Foreman thinks he might have Munchausens, but House thinks it might be a rare form of anterograde amnesia known as Giovannini ... The role switching was in addition to anterograde amnesia and anosognosia. The researchers stated that the patient "seems to ...
Hung DZ, Tsai WJ, Deng JF (July 1992). "Anterograde amnesia in triazolam overdose despite flumazenil treatment: a case report ... anterograde amnesia, ataxia, and slurred speech. Most patients with pure benzodiazepine overdose will usually only exhibit ...
This may appear as lack of concentration, confusion and anterograde amnesia. It can be described as a hangover-like effect ...
Lorazepam is one such pharmacological agent that can cause anterograde amnesia. Intensive care unit patients who receive higher ... and the amnesia produced by the drug makes it difficult for police to interrogate them if they are caught. Hypnotic ... Sedatives can sometimes leave the patient with long-term or short-term amnesia. ...
It resulted in a serious concussion, that produced some minor anterograde amnesia. Dorney attended Pennsylvania State ...
Systematic studies of anterograde amnesia started to emerge in the 1960s and 1970s. The case of Henry Molaison, formerly known ... Squire and Alvarez took the temporally graded nature of patients with retrograde amnesia as support for the notion that once a ... These studies were accompanied by the creation of animal models of human amnesia in an effort to identify brain substrates ... Molaison also showed signs of retrograde amnesia spanning a period of about 3 years prior to the surgery suggesting that ...
After surgery, HM had anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories. Implicit or procedural memory, such as ...
Anterograde amnesia, colloquially referred to as "blacking out", is another symptom of heavy drinking. This is the loss of ... anterograde amnesia (memory "blackouts"), and central nervous system depression at higher doses. Cell membranes are highly ...
He suffered from arteriosclerosis, which lead to anterograde amnesia and finally to senile dementia. Raeburn's last years were ...
Wozniak later made a full recovery, albeit with a case of temporary anterograde amnesia. On March 19, 1982, Ozzy Osbourne's ...
High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make ... They also produce amnesia, which can be useful, as patients may not remember unpleasantness from the procedure. They are also ... that it interferes with the formation and consolidation of memories of new material and may induce complete anterograde amnesia ... Lorazepam has particularly marked amnesic properties that may make it more effective when amnesia is the desired effect. ...
... anterograde amnesia Variable presentation of retrograde amnesia One of: Aphasia Apraxia Agnosia A deficit in executive ... As mentioned previously, the amnesic symptoms of WKS include both retrograde and anterograde amnesia. The retrograde deficit ... and Korsakoff's psychosis with anterograde and retrograde amnesia and confabulation upon relevant lines of questioning.[ ... The retrograde amnesia that accompanies WKS can extend as far back as twenty to thirty years, and there is generally a temporal ...
Many of the substances below are known to cause anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia. In general, GABA does not cross the ...
These results suggest that damage to the hippocampus causes retrograde, but not anterograde amnesia. In this study specifically ... Specifically retrograde amnesia, where there is an inability to recall past memories, may be seen as the hippocampus ... If there was HPC damage and the rats experienced 11 sessions worth of shocks in one session, retrograde amnesia resulted. ... Studying between-systems interference could potentially provide further insight to understanding and treating amnesia. ...
Cantu RC (2001). "Posttraumatic Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia: Pathophysiology and Implications in Grading and Safe Return ... Several of the systems use loss of consciousness and amnesia as the primary determinants of the severity of the concussion. The ... grade II includes confusion and post-traumatic amnesia, and grade III and IV involve a loss of consciousness. By these ...
... "bizarre somatosensory phenomena and transient anterograde amnesia." Diphenidine and related diarylethylamines have been studied ...
These lesions helped remove symptoms of the epilepsy in Molaison but resulted in anterograde amnesia. Molaison has been studied ...
While benzodiazepine drugs such as diazepam can cause anterograde amnesia, they do not cause retrograde amnesia; information ... Adverse effects of benzodiazepines such as diazepam include anterograde amnesia and confusion (especially pronounced in higher ... The elderly are more prone to adverse effects of diazepam, such as confusion, amnesia, ataxia, and hangover effects, as well as ... It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis, or amnesia before certain medical procedures (e.g., ...
Due to his surgery, Molaison developed anterograde amnesia which made him forgetful of recently occurring events. His amnesia ... Evidence supports a clear distinction between implicit and explicit learning; for instance, research on amnesia often shows ...
It is usually accompanied by some type of anterograde amnesia, or inability to acquire new knowledge. Focal retrograde amnesia ... refers to the presence of retrograde amnesia while knowledge acquisition remains intact (no anterograde amnesia). Memory for ... The main character Leonard suffers from anterograde amnesia after a traumatic attack in which his wife dies. He maintains his ... Amnesia the damage or disruption of memory processes is a very popular subject in movies since 1915. Although its portrayal is ...
Damage to the hippocampus and surrounding area can cause anterograde amnesia, the inability to form new memories. This implies ... Individuals with transient global amnesia that have difficulty forming new memories and/or remembering old events may sometimes ...
... are a class of psychiatric medication which increase GABA expression and are known to produce anterograde amnesia, or a failure ... Childhood amnesia, also called infantile amnesia, is the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories (memories of ... He asserted that childhood or infantile amnesia was a precursor to the 'hysterical amnesia,' or repression, presented by his ... It also fails to address the issue that children themselves do not show childhood amnesia.[1] Children around the age of two to ...
A 34-year-old man without a past history of any psychiatric or neurological disorder developed severe anterograde amnesia ... A 34-year-old man without a past history of any psychiatric or neurological disorder developed severe anterograde amnesia ... Kumar, S., Rao, S. L., Sunny, B., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2007). Widespread cognitive impairment in psychogenic anterograde amnesia ... "Widespread Cognitive Impairment in Psychogenic Anterograde Amnesia." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 61, no. 6, ...
... retrograde amnesia is the decreased ability to remember events that happened in the past and information that was previously ... Retrograde amnesia is distinct from anterograde amnesia, which is the decreased ability to remember new events or information ... which is referred to as post-traumatic amnesia. Those with retrograde amnesia find the oldest memories the most difficult to ... A: Symptoms of short-term memory loss, or amnesia, include difficulty learning new information and not being able to remember ...
Although midazolam is known to produce anterograde amnesia independently of sedation,7 it is highly unlikely to explain the ... in this case typically only produces partial anterograde amnesia and more importantly does not cause any retrograde amnesia.8 ... the acute onset of anterograde amnesia manifested by asking the same questions repetitively, preservation of consciousness and ... 2004) Detection of delayed focal MR changes in the lateral hippocampus in transient global amnesia. Neurology 62:2165-70. ...
... they suffer from retrograde amnesia. Contrast this with anterograde amnesia-an inability to form new memories-like the trip to ... Youve just watched JoVEs video on anterograde amnesia. Now you should have a good understanding of how memories can be ... who suffered from severe anterograde amnesia. We will investigate a series of tasks designed to distinguish between different ... However, in the case of amnesia, these processes are disrupted.. When individuals cannot remember old memories, say the name of ...
... Did I Have an Assignment Due? I Cant Remember. Anterograde Amnesia is not genetic or or ... Learning about Anterograde Amnesia has made me open my eyes to the world, and helped me understand what some people go through ... Even though Anterograde Amnesia destroys the memory for facts or events, it may in fact spare the memory for skills or habbits ... Anterograde Amnesia can occur after damage to at least three distinct brain areas. The first, and most well-studied, is the ...
Abstract: In anterograde amnesia, following an encoding encounter, memory for facts and episodes is impaired after distraction ...
When Caitlin Little suffered from a traumatic brain injury that left her with anterograde amnesia, her parents looked ... When Caitlin Little suffered from a traumatic brain injury that left her with anterograde amnesia, her parents looked ... Caitlin Cant Remember - episode 8: Greensboro teen with anterograde amnesia - another doctors opinion News ...
On PTD 25, the patient was admitted because of 2 to 3 days of confusion and anterograde amnesia. Initial head CT showed no ... On PTD 32, the patient was admitted with acute mental status changes and new onset of severe amnesia, both anterograde and ... We describe the serial MR imaging findings in 4 patients undergoing HSCT who exhibited acute onset of anterograde amnesia and ... MR Imaging of Human Herpesvirus-6-Associated Encephalitis in 4 Patients with Anterograde Amnesia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic ...
... and anterograde amnesia.22,-,24 Especially worrisome are the consequences of disinhibition, memory disturbances and anterograde ... High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia. Michael Liebrenz, Marcel Schneider, Anna ... High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia. Michael Liebrenz, Marcel Schneider, Anna ... Anterograde amnesia is most often experienced after use of a fast-onset, short-acting benzodiazepine in combination with ...
High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia. Michael Liebrenz, Marcel Schneider, Anna ... High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia. Michael Liebrenz, Marcel Schneider, Anna ... High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ... High-Dose Benzodiazepine Users Perceptions and Experiences of Anterograde Amnesia. Michael Liebrenz, Marcel Schneider, Anna ...
Anterograde amnesia and bilateral hippocampus ischemia: is it caused by substance abuse?. January 26, 2017, 11:51 pm. Diffusion ... Late in 2015 a Boston neurologist reported a cluster of 4 cases of anterograde amnesia associated with MRI evidence of ... and the syndrome of hippocampal injury and anterograde amnesia is unusual enough that something else may be going on. ... new onset amnesia in the absence of evidence to support a readily apparent cause, and 2) changes consistent with acute and ...
Saturday night retinopathy and anterograde amnesia due to fentanyl overdose. Joshua Budhu, Illya Tolokh, Marc Bouffard, Shirley ... Saturday night retinopathy and anterograde amnesia due to fentanyl overdose. Joshua Budhu, Illya Tolokh, Marc Bouffard, Shirley ... Reader Response: Saturday night retinopathy and anterograde amnesia due to fentanyl overdose *Jed A. Barash, Neurologist, ... Early identification of Saturday night retinopathy and anterograde amnestic syndrome secondary to the opioid epidemic can ...
People with retrograde amnesia have trouble accessing memories from before the onset of amnesia. Well tell you what you need ... People with anterograde amnesia have trouble making new memories after the onset of amnesia. People with retrograde amnesia ... anterograde amnesia. The two main types of amnesia are anterograde and retrograde. ... Focal retrograde amnesia. Focal retrograde amnesia, also known as isolated or pure retrograde amnesia, is when someone only ...
120 hours revision of 500 Video Lectures Crash Course on Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry based on University Previous Exam Question Papers..
Anterograde amnesia is a selective memory deficit, resulting from brain injury, in which the individual is severely impaired in ... Anterograde amnesia can occur following damage to at least three distinct brain areas. The first, and most well studied, is the ... Finally, anterograde amnesia can sometimes occur following damage to the diencephalon - a set of structures deep in the brain ... Anterograde amnesia is a selective memory deficit, resulting from brain injury, in which the individual is severely impaired in ...
Anterograde amnesia refers to the loss of short-term memory. It usually happens after a certain event has taken place, and from ... Let us take a closer look at understanding anterograde amnesia, its causes, symptoms, treatment and risk factors. ... Anterograde amnesia is a very complex subset of amnesia that can either be permanent or temporary. ... What is Anterograde Amnesia?. Anterograde amnesia refers to the loss of short-term memory. In people with anterograde amnesia, ...
Anterograde amnesia. 2016 2017 2018 Billable/Specific Code *R41.1 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to ... Amnesia, anterograde. Clinical Information *Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This ... Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow craniocerebral trauma; seizures; anoxia; and other conditions which ... Dissociative amnesia. 2016 2017 2018 Billable/Specific Code Type 1 Excludes*amnesia NOS (R41.3) ...
With anterograde amnesia you are not able to do this so you keep your long term memory but not the short term or sensory ... It means that you cant remember what happened after your accident Its different to retrograde amnesia where you cant ... With anterograde amnesia you are not able to do this so you keep your long term memory but not the short term or sensory ... Its different to retrograde amnesia where you cant remember what happened before your accident , so you lose your long term ...
A Teenager With Acute Anterograde Amnesia. Hoffmann, Jennifer A.; Goldman, Michael P.; Bachur, Richard G. ...
Lesions made 1 d after intense training produced robust retrograde amnesia for context fear. Anterograde amnesia was not ... Therefore, anterograde amnesia for context fear is reliably observed when a single-trial conditioning procedure is used. ... For example, lesions of the rodent hippocampus do not produce reliable anterograde amnesia for context fear (Maren et al., 1997 ... By acquiring context fear, these systems prevent the occurrence of anterograde amnesia. However, unlike the spatial maps ...
... whereas other types of amnesia suffer from a "storage" deficit (e.g. Anterograde amnesia). post-hypnotic amnesia has been ... Two types of posthypnotic amnesia: Recall amnesia and source amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental ... Suggested post-hypnotic amnesia can be induced and left for long periods of time, depending on if the amnesia is significant in ... Suggested amnesia has been found to result in a more significant memory loss than spontaneous amnesia, regardless of the order ...
Anterograde amnesia. • Visual signs and clear identification of the toilet area. • Good fit and comfort and easily disposed of ... Short term memory loss Retrograde amnesia Episodic memory loss Semantic memory loss Visuospatial memory loss Working memory ...
anterograde synonyms, anterograde pronunciation, anterograde translation, English dictionary definition of anterograde. adj ... Related to anterograde: anterograde amnesia, anterograde memory. anterograde. (ˈæntərəʊˌɡreɪd) adj. moving forwards, in the ... anterograde - of amnesia; affecting time immediately following trauma. retrograde - of amnesia; affecting time immediately ... Retrograde and anterograde amnesia are the most common deficits observed acutely after ECT.. Neuromodulatory options for ...
Anterograde amnesia *00:14, 19 April 2014 (diff , hist) . . (+57) . . Jefferson Davis ...
ECT-Induced Anterograde Amnesia: Can the Deficits Be Minimized?.. Andrade, Chittaranjan; Joseph, Jerry; Chandra, J. Suresh; ... A Simplified Herbal Formulation Attenuates Electroconvulsive Shock-Induced Anterograde Amnesia.. Andrade, Chittaranjan; Anitha ... Effect of Stimulus Intensity and Number of Treatments on ECS-Related Seizure Duration and Retrograde Amnesia in Rats. Andrade, ... Evaluation of Pre-ECS Antihypertensive Drug Administration in the Attenuation of ECS-Induced Retrograde Amnesia.. Kamath, S.; ...
Cognitive impairmentOnsetPsychological traumaMemoriesRememberTypes of amnesiaTransient globalAmnesicDissociative amnesiaRetrograde or anterogradeOnset of amnesiaCause retrograde amnesiaDiagnosing amnesia and its causeMemorySevereTraumaDeficitNeuropsychologyForm of amnesiaDiencephalonPsychologicalBrainPost-traumatCauses of amnesiaSymptoms of amnesiaMementoAcuteOrganicAlcoholOften transientSyndromeNeurologicRefersPatientsEpilepticEventsInfantileDisorderOccursTemporaryFugueConfusionUnable to recallAlzheimer'sClinicalChildhood
- According to Elaine de Guise of McGill University Health Centre, retrograde amnesia can affect a person's memories of events that occurred years, months, days or minutes before the onset of brain damage or a traumatic life event, which is referred to as post-traumatic amnesia. (reference.com)
- A 34-year-old man without a past history of any psychiatric or neurological disorder developed severe anterograde amnesia following a psychological trauma. (ox.ac.uk)
- Those with retrograde amnesia find the oldest memories the most difficult to recall. (reference.com)
- According to the Mayo Clinic, retrograde amnesia is the decreased ability to remember events that happened in the past and information that was previously familiar. (reference.com)
- Retrograde amnesia is distinct from anterograde amnesia, which is the decreased ability to remember new events or information after amnesia is diagnosed. (reference.com)
- The two main types of amnesia are anterograde and retrograde. (healthline.com)
- These two types of amnesia can coexist in the same person, and often do. (healthline.com)
- There are two types of amnesia - anterograde and retrograde. (epainassist.com)
- What types of amnesia are there? (health-cares.net)
- While very frightening for the patient, transient global amnesia generally has an excellent prognosis for recovery. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Transient global amnesia: A passing episode of short-term memory loss without other signs or symptoms of neurological impairment. (allnurses.com)
- Background: Transient global amnesia (TGA) has been a well-described phenomenon for more than 40 years. (allnurses.com)
- Transient Global Amnesia with Reversible White Matter Lesions: A Variant of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome? (hindawi.com)
- Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a self-limited disease characterized by isolated amnesia, which resolves within 24 h. (hindawi.com)
- Both transient global amnesia (TGA) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are acute neurological disorders that are frequently encountered in emergency and neurological departments. (hindawi.com)
- Amnesia may also be spontaneous, in the case of transient global amnesia . (bionity.com)
- It is an important area of Current research to document exactly which kinds of memory can be formed in amnesia, and how this may be used to help rehabilitate amnesic individuals. (medigoo.com)
- Criminals may use medications with anterograde amnesic effects for date rape. (wikidoc.org)
- A common example of amnesia that is caused by traumatic events is dissociative amnesia, which occurs when the person forgets an event that has deeply disturbed them. (wikipedia.org)
- What is dissociative amnesia? (health-cares.net)
- Dissociative amnesia is characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature. (health-cares.net)
- Symptoms of dissociative amnesia + purposeful travel beyond the usual everyday range. (wikibooks.org)
- The DSM-IV-TR talks about dissociative amnesia and fugue as part of dissociative disorders as included in the ICD-10 criteria but conversion disorder is a part of Somatoform disorders rather than dissociative disorders in the DSM-IV. (wikibooks.org)
- Dissociative Amnesia results from a psychological cause as opposed to direct damage to the brain caused by head injury, physical trauma or disease, which is known as organic amnesia. (bionity.com)
- Amnesia may be retrograde or anterograde depending upon the patient symptoms and the kind of memory loss experienced by him. (planetayurveda.com)
- Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia where someone will be unable to recall events that occurred before the onset of amnesia. (wikidoc.org)
- Depending on the cause, retrograde amnesia can be temporary, permanent, or progressive (getting worse over time). (healthline.com)
- What conditions cause retrograde amnesia? (healthline.com)
- There are several conditions that can cause retrograde amnesia. (healthline.com)
- Critical details of the physical changes in the brain that cause retrograde amnesia are still unknown. (wikidoc.org)
- In diagnosing amnesia and its cause, doctors look at several factors. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Even though Anterograde Amnesia destroys the memory for facts or events, it may in fact spare the memory for skills or habbits. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)
- In anterograde amnesia, following an encoding encounter, memory for facts and episodes is impaired after distraction has occurred. (bmj.com)
- Retrograde amnesia is caused by damage to the memory-storage areas of the brain , in various brain regions. (healthline.com)
- With retrograde amnesia, memory loss usually involves facts rather than skills. (healthline.com)
- But a severe injury, like a serious blow to the head, can damage the memory-storing areas of the brain and lead to retrograde amnesia. (healthline.com)
- Anterograde amnesia is a selective memory deficit, resulting from brain injury, in which the individual is severely impaired in learning new information. (medigoo.com)
- In Practice, this means that an individual with amnesia may have good memory for childhood and for the years before the injury, but may remember little or nothing from the years since. (medigoo.com)
- It is now becoming apparent that while anterograde amnesia devastates memory for facts or events, it may spare memory for skills or habits. (medigoo.com)
- Currently, there is no good understanding of why damage to these brain areas should sometimes result in a selective memory deficit such as amnesia. (medigoo.com)
- Though it may seem to be straight out of a Hollywood movie plot, the fact is that amnesia is a genuine condition that causes a person to suffer from memory loss. (epainassist.com)
- Anterograde amnesia refers to the loss of short-term memory. (epainassist.com)
- Anterograde amnesia happens due to damage caused to the memory-making parts of the brain. (epainassist.com)
- While dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that affects your memory and leads to confusion and general memory loss, anterograde amnesia deals specifically with the inability to remember new information. (epainassist.com)
- The symptoms of anterograde amnesia typically affect the brain's short term memory processing abilities. (epainassist.com)
- Memory loss for events and experiences that occurred after the incident that produced the amnesia. (icd10data.com)
- This makes post-hypnotic amnesia similar to psychogenic amnesia as it disrupts the retrieval process of memory. (wikipedia.org)
- Spontaneous post-hypnotic amnesia represents a slight memory impairment that results as a consequence of being put under hypnosis or being tested. (wikipedia.org)
- Suggested amnesia has been found to result in a more significant memory loss than spontaneous amnesia, regardless of the order of induction. (wikipedia.org)
- Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia , or memory loss, in which new events are not transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory . (wikidoc.org)
- Anterograde amnesia is often informally, but incorrectly, called " short-term memory loss", conjuring up the idea, as in the movie Memento , that it is a problem of short-term memory. (wikidoc.org)
- For this reason, formal (correct technical or scientific) usage demands the term anterograde amnesia, since the deficit is not in short-term memory, but rather in encoding into more permanent, long-term memory. (wikidoc.org)
- Traveler's amnesia" is a temporary form of anterograde amnesia in which victims may, for instance, realize they have changed planes during a memory gap or discover that they rented a car. (wikidoc.org)
- Amnesia in simple words is a loss of memory to a variable degree. (planetayurveda.com)
- Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma. (wikipedia.org)
- The majority of amnesia and related memory issues derive from the first two categories as these are more common and the third could be considered a subcategory of the first. (wikipedia.org)
- The anterograde effect was restricted to measures of long-term memory. (nih.gov)
- Short-term memory was not affected, nor did E. coli produce amnesia for auditory-cue fear conditioning. (nih.gov)
- also known as Amnestic Disorder ) a person suffering from memory amnesia lost parts or all of his memory. (mental-health-matters.com)
- The short-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol ) consumption - due to drinking beer, wine, distilled spirits or other alcoholic beverages - range from a decrease in anxiety and motor skills and euphoria at lower doses to intoxication (drunkenness), stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia (memory "blackouts"), and central nervous system depression at higher doses. (wikipedia.org)
- People who experience amnesia have been instrumental in helping brain researchers determine how the brain processes memory. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Psychological exams may be ordered to determine the extent of amnesia and the memory system affected. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is characterised by amnesia and a number of specific memory impairments. (alzheimer-europe.org)
- The symptoms of amnesia fall into two broad categories of impaired memory function and retained memory function. (alzheimer-europe.org)
- It introduces the novice to the literature on memory mechanisms as understood by scientists of the brain, from the synapse to amnesia. (booktopia.com.au)
- Amnesia is a profound memory loss which is usually caused either by physical injury to the brain or by the ingestion of a toxic substance which affects the brain. (health-cares.net)
- Evidence for WM/LTM distinction: Dissociations: Anterograde amnesia (LTM disorder) vs. working memory disorder. (coursehero.com)
- Amnesia and the Neuropsychology of Memory. (coursehero.com)
- Amnesia (from Greek Ἀμνησία ) (see spelling differences) is a condition in which memory is disturbed. (bionity.com)
- In anterograde amnesia , new events contained in the immediate memory are not transferred to the permanent as long-term memory. (bionity.com)
- This contrasts with e.g. anterograde amnesia caused by amnestics such as benzodiazepines or alcohol, where an experience was prevented from being transferred from temporary to permanent memory storage: it will never be recovered, because it was never stored in the first place. (bionity.com)
- A 34-year-old man without a past history of any psychiatric or neurological disorder developed severe anterograde amnesia following a psychological trauma. (ox.ac.uk)
- In severe attacks, a person is completely disoriented and may experience retrograde amnesia that extends back several years. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Amnesia in reference to events occurring after the trauma or disease that caused the condition. (medigoo.com)
- Retrograde amnesia is caused by trauma that results in brain injury. (wikidoc.org)
- Head trauma is a very broad range as it deals with any kind of injury or active action toward the brain which might cause amnesia. (wikipedia.org)
- This form of amnesia follows brain trauma and is characterized by the inability to remember new information. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In some ways, this form of amnesia is the opposite of anterograde amnesia: the victim can recall events that occurred after a trauma, but cannot remember previously familiar information or the events preceding the trauma. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Psychotherapy can be helpful for amnesia caused by emotional trauma. (health-cares.net)
- Anterograde amnesia is a deficit in learning subsequent to the onset of the disorder. (health-cares.net)
- In 2010, the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom published a study in Neuropsychology journal that found that seven out of ten patients having anterograde amnesia were capable of retaining new information for a short time. (epainassist.com)
- A subset of amnesia, anterograde amnesia, is a complex form of amnesia that can either be temporary or permanent. (epainassist.com)
- For most of the 19th century, investigators reported that post-hypnotic amnesia only occurred spontaneously as scientific knowledge regarding this form of amnesia was minimal. (wikipedia.org)
- This form of amnesia can also be experienced across susceptibility groups, but to a much lesser extent and magnitude to suggested post-hypnotic amnesia. (wikipedia.org)
- Korsakoff's Patients with diffuse damage to Diencephalon, Medial Thalamus, Mammillary Nuclei show varied amnesia (Press et al. (slideserve.com)
- If the amnesia is thought to be of psychological origin, it is termed psychogenic. (thefreedictionary.com)
- When Caitlin Little suffered from a traumatic brain injury that left her with anterograde amnesia, her parents looked everywhere for answers. (myfox8.com)
- Someone who develops retrograde amnesia after a traumatic brain injury may be unable to remember what happened in the years, or even decades, prior to that injury. (healthline.com)
- It's not caused by damage to the brain, like other types of retrograde amnesia. (healthline.com)
- In people with anterograde amnesia, the brain has a decreased ability to retain new information, which tends to affect their day to day activities. (epainassist.com)
- TA's brain was investigated repeatedly with static and dynamic imaging techniques (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography) without detecting signs indicative for her amnesia. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Infections that damage brain tissue, including encephalitis and herpes, can also cause amnesia. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Traumatic amnesia is caused by brain damage from a hard blow to the head, such as in a car accident. (health-cares.net)
- Amnesia is only preventable in so far as brain injury can be prevented or minimized. (health-cares.net)
- Hysterical post-traumatic amnesia is an example of this. (bionity.com)
- Amongst specific causes of amnesia are the following: Electroconvulsive therapy in which seizures are electrically induced in patients for therapeutic effect can have acute effects including both retrograde and anterograde amnesia. (wikipedia.org)
- The causes of amnesia are organic or functional. (bionity.com)
- What're the symptoms of amnesia? (health-cares.net)
- watching the movie "Memento", I observed that amnesia is a terrible yet livable disorder. (freeonlineresearchpapers.com)
- We describe the serial MR imaging findings in 4 patients undergoing HSCT who exhibited acute onset of anterograde amnesia and were diagnosed with HHV6-associated encephalitis on the basis of positive CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HHV6 at the time of presentation and the lack of other identifiable cause. (ajnr.org)
- After a public health alert was issued an additional 10 cases were identified in the years 2012-2016, using the case definition of: "1) new onset amnesia in the absence of evidence to support a readily apparent cause, and 2) changes consistent with acute and complete ischemia of both hippocampi on MRI at initial assessment. (thepoisonreview.com)
- An acute event such as a heart attack, a concussion, oxygen deprivation, or even an epileptic attack can lead to anterograde amnesia. (epainassist.com)
- It is important to consider the etiological, organic, progressive and clinical criteria in amnesia classification. (wikidoc.org)
- Amnesia: psychogenic vs. organic. (coursehero.com)
- Although medical researchers characterize this side effect as "less common", the benzodiazepine triazolam (Halcion) apparently has the greatest chance of inducing traveler's amnesia, whether taken exactly as directed, varying the dosage (say, when coming off the drug too quickly), drinking alcohol, or not getting enough sleep. (wikidoc.org)
- Amnesia automatism is usually induced by prescription drugs , frequently but not necessarily in association with moderate alcohol intake. (wikidoc.org)
- Available at http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/gsr_2018/en/ . (medscape.com)
- Traumatic amnesia is often transient, the duration of the amnesia is related to the degree of injury and may give an indication of the prognosis for recovery of other functions. (health-cares.net)
- Traumatic amnesia is often transient, but may be permanent of either anterograde, retrograde, or mixed type. (bionity.com)
- Early identification of Saturday night retinopathy and anterograde amnestic syndrome secondary to the opioid epidemic can prevent unnecessary treatments including antibiotics, anticoagulation, and antithrombotic therapy. (neurology.org)
- As the syndrome resolves, the amnesia improves, but the patient may be left with a distinct lapse of recollection for events during the attack. (allnurses.com)
- Anterograde and retrograde amnesia, often with confabulation and preceded by Wernicke encephalopathy, indicates Korsakoff syndrome. (medscape.com)
- 0.001), low energy or fatigue ( p = 0.01), amnesia ( p = 0.02) and abnormal neurologic examination ( p = 0.01). (cmaj.ca)
- Interpretation Postconcussion headache, low energy or fatigue, amnesia and abnormal neurologic examination were significant predictors of time loss among professional hockey players. (cmaj.ca)
- Infantile/childhood amnesia refers to a person's inability to recall events from early childhood. (health-cares.net)
- MR imaging is typically obtained during the work-up of patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant who present with unexplained change in mental status, amnesia, or seizures. (ajnr.org)
- 18 years with sudden-onset amnesia, particularly in patients with altered consciousness. (thepoisonreview.com)
- Patients with many other clinical _entities may present with amnesia and these may need to be ruled out before the diagnosis of TGA can be made. (allnurses.com)
- Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is thought to be a focal epilepsy whose major clinical feature is the presence of recurrent spells of anterograde or retrograde amnesia lasting under an hour. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Post-hypnotic amnesia is the inability in hypnotic subjects to recall events that took place while under hypnosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Suggested post-hypnotic amnesia involves the suggestion to hypnotized persons that following hypnosis they will be unable to accurately recall specific material (e.g. stimuli or events learned while under hypnosis) until they receive a reversibility cue. (wikipedia.org)
- Retrograde and anterograde amnesia is more often seen from events like this, an exact example of a cause of the two would be electroshock therapy, which would cause both briefly for the receiving patient. (wikipedia.org)
- Also the person cannot remember events in their past life particularly the period immediately before their amnesia. (alzheimer-europe.org)
- It has been generally accepted that right unilateral ECT is a clinically effective treatment that produces less impairment of new learning capacity and less amnesia for remote events than bilateral ECT (7,13). (healthyplace.com)
- What is infantile amnesia? (health-cares.net)
- Infantile amnesia could be linked to language development. (health-cares.net)
- Infantile amnesia occurs when a person cannot remember their earliest childhood. (health-cares.net)
- Though rare, sometimes an emotional disorder or shock can also lead to anterograde amnesia. (epainassist.com)
- Amnesia can be classified based on the temporal nature of the amnesia, which is anterograde if the person forgets what occurs after the inciting event, or retrograde if the person forgets everything that occured before the inciting event. (wikidoc.org)
- Depending on the level of damage, the amnesia could be temporary or permanent. (healthline.com)
- Anterograde amnesia is a very complex subset of amnesia that can either be permanent or temporary. (epainassist.com)
- Hysterical (fugue) amnesia is usually triggered by a traumatic event that the person's mind is unable to properly handle. (health-cares.net)
- This may appear as lack of concentration, confusion and anterograde amnesia . (rug.nl)
- An example of mixed retrograde and anterograde amnesia may be a motorcyclist unable to recall driving his motorbike prior to his head injury (retrograde amnesia), nor can he recall the hospital ward where he is told he had conversations with family over the next two days (anterograde amnesia). (bionity.com)
- Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative dementias can lead to progressively worsening retrograde amnesia. (healthline.com)
- Today, childhood amnesia is seen as a part of human development. (health-cares.net)