A critical issue of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is the instability of the morphology of the polymer:fullerene blend over long operation times. We report the synthesis of crosslinkable derivatives of the low bandgap polymer PFDTBT, poly(2,7-(9,9-dialkylfluorene)-alt-(5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′

Embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods for generating a curvature compensated bandgap voltage reference. In an embodiment, a curvature compensated bandgap reference voltage is achieved by injecting a temperature dependent current at different points in the bandgap reference voltage circuit. In an embodiment, the temperature dependent current is injected in the proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) and complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current generation block of the bandgap circuit. Alternatively, or additionally, the temperature dependent current is injected at the output stage of the bandgap circuit. In an embodiment, the temperature dependent current is a linear piecewise continuous function of temperature. In another embodiment, the temperature dependent current has opposite dependence on temperature to that of the bandgap voltage reference before curvature compensation.

Phylogenetically diverse anammox bacteria have been detected in most of anoxic natural and engineered ecosystems and thus regarded as key players in the global nitrogen cycle. However, ecological niche differentiation of anammox bacteria remains unresolved despite its ecological and practical importance. In this study, the microbial competitions for a common substrate (nitrite) among three anammox species (i.e. "Candidatus Brocadia sinica", "Candidatus Jettenia caeni" and "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis") were systematically investigated in nitrite-limited gel-immobilized column reactors (GICR) and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) under different nitrogen loading rates (NLRs). 16 S rRNA gene-based population dynamics revealed that "Ca. J. caeni" could proliferate only at low NLRs, whereas "Ca. B. sinica" outcompeted other two species at higher NLRs in both types of reactors. Furthermore, FISH analysis revealed that "Ca. J. caeni" was mainly present as spherical microclusters at the inner part ...

Metal halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are generating great excitement due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, which lend them to application in high-efficiency solar cells and light-emission devices. However, there is currently debate over what drives the second-order electron-hole recombination in these materials. Here, we propose that the bandgap in CH3NH3PbI3 has a direct-indirect character. Time-resolved photo-conductance measurements show that generation of free mobile charges is maximized for excitation energies just above the indirect bandgap. Furthermore, we find that second-order electron-hole recombination of photo-excited charges is retarded at lower temperature. These observations are consistent with a slow phonon-assisted recombination pathway via the indirect bandgap. Interestingly, in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase, fast quenching of mobile charges occurs independent of the temperature and photon excitation energy. Our work ...

Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Christoph Knuf, Intawat Nookaew, Stephen H Brown, Michael McCulloch, Alan Berry, Jens Nielsen].

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria perform an important step in the global nitrogen cycle: oxidizing ammonium and reducing nitrite to form dinitrogen gas in the absence of oxygen. Anammox bacteria from the Planctomycetes phylum have been identified in a variety of natural environments but their role in groundwater ammonium oxidation has been unclear. Recent isotope studies have suggested that anammox bacteria are likely active in ammonium attenuation at contaminated groundwater sites; however, only limited biomarker-based data confirmed their presence prior to this study. I used complimentary molecular and isotope-based methods to assess the communities of anammox performing organisms at three ammonium contaminated groundwater sites in Canada: quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA genes (with both Sanger and Illumina technologies), and ¹⁵N-tracer incubations. DNA sequencing and qPCR results demonstrated that ...

This paper presents a bandgap reference circuit, which provides a temperature-independent reference voltage with the nominal value adjustable. The design of the adjustable bandgap reference circuit is based on the method of

We here report a simple and efficient method to grow single-layer bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) with various sizes on glass substrates. Optimal conditions were found to be 200°C and 0.12 W/cm2 at a growth rate of 6 Å/s, with the deposition time around 40 s. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to calculate the particle size distribution statistics, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to examine the chemical interactions between BiNPs and the substrates. By measuring the transmission spectra within the range of 300 to 1,000 nm, we found that the optical bandgap can be modulated from 0.45 to 2.63 eV by controlling the size of these BiNPs. These interesting discoveries offer an insight to explore the dynamic nature of nanoparticles.

We here report a simple and efficient method to grow single-layer bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) with various sizes on glass substrates. Optimal conditions were found to be 200°C and 0.12 W/cm2 at a growth rate of 6 Å/s, with the deposition time around 40 s. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to calculate the particle size distribution statistics, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to examine the chemical interactions between BiNPs and the substrates. By measuring the transmission spectra within the range of 300 to 1,000 nm, we found that the optical bandgap can be modulated from 0.45 to 2.63 eV by controlling the size of these BiNPs. These interesting discoveries offer an insight to explore the dynamic nature of nanoparticles.

Surface Bloch modes induced on three-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals with a complete photonic bandgap are evanescently decaying states at surfaces and have large field overlap with low-index media, resulting in narrow spectrum linewidth and simultaneously a large resonance shift due to a perturbation of the refractive index in the background media. Surface Bloch resonance states are analyzed for ...

An effective description is developed for a metalodielectric photonic bandgap (PBG) material far beyond the quasi-static limit of traditional effective-medium theories. An analytic approach, recently presented by the authors, is further advanced to provide the complete effective permittivity and permeability functions. Reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for both TM and TE oblique plane-wave incidence, based on the determination of the equivalent impedance for each lattice plane in the crystal and the transfer-matrix method for reconstructing the effect of successive lattice planes. An analysis of the semi-infinite and slab observables yields the anisotropic effective refractive index, effective permittivity, and effective permeability, thus completing the macroscopic description of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the medium. Among the novel aspects of the analysis is the equivalence of our PBG system with a physically dispersive system at ultraviolet frequencies ...

Photoluminescence data are used to obtain the concentration and temperature dependence of the bandgap energies of epitaxial layers of quaternary alloy In Ga Al As for Al concentrations less than 0.6. The samples were grown by MBE without an intervening buffer layer. For an In concentration of 0.1, the transition from a direct to an indirect bandgap material occurs at Al concentration of about 0.5. Coefficients of the temperature dependence of the bandgap energy are also presented ...

An n-type layer of the opposite conduction type composed of n-GaN is formed between a light emitting layer and a p-type cladding layer composed of p-AlGaN. The bandgap of the n-type layer of the opposite conduction type is larger than the bandgap of the light emitting layer and is smaller than the bandgap of the p-type cladding layer.

We then carefully discussed the mechanism of enhanced light absorption ability and photothermal effect of PDA by doping of TEMPO unit via the detailed structural analysis. In general, to improve the light absorption ability of polymeric materials, mainly replied on the decrease in energy bandgap and the increase in electron delocalization, which could be achieved by the construction of donor-acceptor pair structures. In TEMPO-doped PDA system, the spontaneous formation of donor-acceptor microstructures based on the chemical conjugates between TEMPO and DHI, IQ, and their oligomers was established during the polymerization process, which could contribute to lower the energy bandgap and result in the enhancement of light absorption (31-33). To verify this point, we calculated the optical bandgap (Egopt) value of PDA-0 to be ~0.96 eV, and those of PDA-i (i = 1 to 3) were all around ~0.81 eV from the absorption edge of their aqueous solutions in Fig. 2C. Then, we carried out electrochemical cyclic ...

Anammox﻽: Traditionally, all nitrification was thought to be carried out under aerobic conditions, but recently a new type of ammonia oxidation occurring under anoxic conditions was discovered (Strous et al. 1999). Anammox (anaerobic ammonia oxidation) is carried out by prokaryotes belonging to the Planctomycetes phylum of Bacteria. The first described anammox bacterium was Brocadia anammoxidans. Anammox bacteria oxidize ammonia by using nitrite as the electron acceptor to produce gaseous nitrogen (Figure 6). Anammox bacteria were first discovered in anoxic bioreactors of wasterwater treatment plants but have since been found in a variety of aquatic systems, including low-oxygen zones of the ocean, coastal and estuarine sediments, mangroves, and freshwater lakes. In some areas of the ocean, the anammox process is considered to be responsible for a significant loss of nitrogen (Kuypers et al. 2005). However, Ward et al. (2009) argue that denitrification rather than anammox is responsible for ...

Investigation of Proposed Ladderane Biosynthetic Genes from Anammox Bacteria by Heterologous Expression in E. coli. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

KTiOPO4 (KTP) is a classic commercial nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, but its narrow bandgap (3.52 eV) prevents its practical application in the ultraviolet (UV) region. Many trials to widen the narrow bandgap of KTP have failed in the past few decades. A chemical cosubstitution strategy was implemented to design

98) Synthesis, FT-IR, Bandgap Offset, Polarizability and Hyperpolarizability of 3,4-diamino-6-ehtyl-6H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-2,5-dione (DAPQ) and Cu-2DAPQ as a Promising Organometallic Material: Experimental and Theoretical Studies ...

Although single layers of MoS(2) have a large intrinsic bandgap of 1.8 eV (ref. 16), previously reported mobilities in the 0.5-3 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1 ...

As a part of the field assistance, Dehydration Experts can provide on-site monitoring of all key start-up activities including data collection and review, water dew point testing of outlet gas to ensure product spec is met and glycol sampling/observation for any signs of contamination that may cause severe problems to the facility during operation.. ...

Eventbrite - Prospects presents Childminder Pre Registration Start-up Course (Kent CMS16) - Maidstone - Saturday, 17 February 2018 at Hilton Maidstone, Maidstone, Kent. Find event and ticket information.

AutomotiveNL bevordert een bloeiende Nederlandse automotive sector door zowel nationaal als internationaal de sector te profileren en te representeren bij OEMs, automotive toeleveranciers, koepelorganisaties, clusterorganisaties en overheden. Missie De inhoudelijke focusgebieden zijn Smart Mobility, Green Mobility, Manufacturing en Materials. AutomotiveNL richt zich op innovatie, onderwijs en kennistransfer, validatie en internationalisering. Daarnaast stimuleert ze op de Automotive Campus de komst van nieuwe bedrijven én onderwijsactiviteiten.

Insights from the Worlds Best Medical Minds.Connect With Us to Connect With Them. We are a Digital Health Google LaunchPad Start-up.

Browsing all the available projects from the past years is becoming a big task. A categorized list of the projects will hopefully provide a better overview making this task easier. This is just a start-up, so please add projects and categories to complete this list. ...

Browsing all the available projects from the past years is becoming a big task. A categorized list of the projects will hopefully provide a better overview making this task easier. This is just a start-up, so please add projects and categories to complete this list. ...

TAKAKI Keita ,p,固定床型アナモックスプロセスは，国土交通省B-DASHプロジェクトの平成24年度採択技術の一つである。下水道施設における本技術の導入推進を目的として，熊本市東部浄化センター内に実規模実証施設を建設し，返流水（嫌気性消化汚泥脱水ろ液）からの窒素除去に係る各種データ採取を行なった。本研究成果を基に，国土交通省国土技術政策総合研究所（国総研）にて技術導入に係るガイドラインが策定され，国 … Nihon Enerugii Gakkai Kikanshi Enermix 99(1), 48-52, 2020 J-STAGE ...

The large surplus of crude glycerol, as main low-value waste stream in biodiesel production, has led to the investigation of new possibilities for the production of value-added chemicals from this feedstock. New and efficient (bio-) catalysts are needed that are able to convert glycerol to versatile chemical building blocks. This would contribute to further develop away from a mainly petroleum based, to a sustainable, bio-based industry. One promising group of discussed building block chemicals are dicarbonic acids. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of malate from glycerol using Ustilago trichophora RK089, which was identified in a screening of 74 Ustilaginaceae. For economically feasible production that can compete with existing processes, a high productivity is required. By adaptive laboratory evolution, the growth and production rate were increased by 2.5- and 6.6-fold, respectively. Further medium optimization increased the final titer, yield, and overall production rate to 196 g L−1, 0.82

Objectives: This study was undertaken to examine the influence of partial demineralization of xenogenous dentin on bone formation in an osteoconductive environment. Materials and methods: Sixty dentin blocks, 2-3 mm thick and 4 mm in diameter, were prepared from developing teeth of young pigs. Forty blocks were demineralized in 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (pH 7.0) for 1, 2, 6 or 12 h. Forty adult rats divided into eight groups with five rats in each group were used. A sagittal midcranial incision was made from the occipital to the frontal region. Through a subperiostal dissection, a pocket was created on each side of the skull. One demineralized block was placed on one side, and a non-demineralized block was placed on the contralateral side, or the pocket was left empty as controls. Thus, eight experimental groups with five rats in each were formed. Results: Resorption increased significantly with increasing degree of demineralization while bone formation increased significantly with ...

Because the TA signal results from combined Pauli blocking and bandgap renormalization effects (44, 49), there are two possible reasons for the increased TA intensities at strong-coupling locations: (i) The absorption above the bandgap is increased by the interlayer CT transitions and an increased TA intensity is due to Pauli blocking and (ii) photoexcitation of CT transitions leads to larger bandgap renormalization effects than excitons. Note that transient bandgap renormalization observed here is due to further modifications of the exciton energy upon photoexcitation beyond the static effect (49, 50). To directly measure the interlayer coupling-dependent absorption at 3.14 eV, we imaged correlated reflection and transmission of 1L-WS2/G on a transparent sapphire substrate (fig. S9). The linear absorption is deduced using approaches described in Materials and Methods. The linear absorption and correlated TAM image are shown in Fig. 4 (C and D). Both linear absorption and transient absorption ...

Bandgap is the term used for the amount of energy needed to release electrons in semiconductor materials so that the electrons can move freely, enabling the flow of electricity.

Malic Acid is a natural derivative of apple pomace. In human physiology and nutrition, malic acid is a co-factor in the Krebs cycle. Research has shown that Malic Acid is a most potent aluminum detoxifier and assists in the removal of aluminum from brain tissue. Each capsule contains: 600 mg Malic Acid Contains no corn, soy, yeast, wheat, dairy or other common food or chemical allergens. Suggested Use: Take 1 or 2 capsules daily, or as directed by a health care professional.

Silicon technologyhas been seekingfor a monolithic solution for a chip where data processing and data communication is performed in the CMOS part and the photonic component, respectively. Traditionally, silicon has been widely considered for electronic applications but not for photonic applications due to its indirect bandgap nature. However, band structure engineering and manipulation through alloying Si with Ge and Sn has opened new possibilities. Theoretical calculations show that it is possible to achieve direct transitions from Ge ifit is alloyed with Sn. Therefore, a GeSn system is a choice to get a direct bandgap. Extending to ternary GeSnSi and quaternary GeSnSiCstructures grown on Si wafers not only makes the bandgap engineering possible but also allowsgrowing lattice matched systems with different strain and bandgaps located in the infrared region. Different heterostructures can be designed and fabricated for detecting lightas photonic sensing oremitting the light as lasers. Alloying ...

UV light.. Major efforts have been made to improve titanias absorption of visible light or develop visible-light sensitive materials in general.. Methods used for titania, including metal ion doping, carbon doping, nitrogen doping and hydrogenation usually require stringent conditions to obtain the modified TiO2 such as elevated temperature or high pressure.. In their innovative paper published in Chemical Communications, a Royal Society of Chemistry journal, the researchers observed that when TiO2 particles are mixed with graphene quantum dots, the resulting composite absorbs visible light by a quantum-confined bandgap narrowing mechanism.. "We were really excited to discover this: when two UV absorbing materials, namely TiO2 and graphene quantum dots, were mixed together, they started to absorb in the visible range, more significantly, the bandgap can be tuned by the size of graphene quantum dots," says Dr Li.. "We named the phenomenon quantum-confined bandgap narrowing and this mechanism ...

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Definition of malic acid in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is malic acid? Meaning of malic acid as a legal term. What does malic acid mean in law?

A series of TaOxNy photoelectrodes were deposited on F:SnO2 (FTO) substrates by DC reactive sputtering at room temperature, under a mixture of Ar, N-2 and O-2. The effects of the O-2 partial pressure during deposition (Po-2) on the films crystallinity, their chemical composition, their morphology as well as their absorption and photoelectrochemical properties have been investigated. The increase of PO2 led to the modification of film crystallinity, which evolved from a semicrystalline Ta3N5 structure to an amorphous state. The increase of the Po-2 also led to the increases of the oxygen content, of the bandgap energy and of the films roughness. Preliminary photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations have been performed through current-voiltage measurements. An optimal Po-2 has been highlighted, corresponding to a tradeoff between, on the one hand, the amorphization of the films -which degrades PEC performances - and on the other, the tuning of the chemical composition as well as of the bandgap energy. (C)

A semiconductive conjugated copolymer comprises at least two chemically different monomer units which, when existing in their individual homopolymer forms, have different semiconductor bandgaps. The proportion of said at least two chemically different monomer units in the copolymer is selected to control the semiconductor bandgap of the copolymer so as to control the optical properties of the copolymer. The copolymer is formed in a manner enabling it to be laid down as a film without substantially affecting the luminescent characteristics of the copolymer and is stable at operational temperature. The semiconductor bandgap may be spatially modulated so as to increase the quantum efficiency of the copolymer when excited to luminesce, to select the wavelength of radiation emitted during luminescence or to select the refractive index of the copolymer.

On the basis of the cross-case analysis, we identified four factors that facilitated program start-up and four factors that challenged program start-up. Facilitating factors included 1) pre-existing program infrastructure, 2) partnerships, 3) clinical expertise, and 4) program champions. Factors challenging program start-up included 1) contracts with endoscopists, 2) resources for treating medical complications of screening and for cancer treatment, 3) administrative barriers, and 4) resource limitations. Additionally, preplanning was critical, allowing programs to efficiently initiate activities once funds became available ...

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Press release - GlobeMetrix - Global Malic Acid Market 2017 - Isegen South Africa, Jinhu Lile, Miles Chemical - published on openPR.com

Eventbrite - Markham Small Business Centre presents Markham Business Start-Up Requirements Infosession @ Job Skills - Thursday, 20 July 2017 at Job Skills , Markham, ON. Find event and registration information.

Before a new food comes to market, the idea of that new food must be planted and pruned. How to fashion that idea so that it has the best chance of success? Thats were the data machine of Bulu Box comes in.

Bionomic Industries, Inc., a leading manufacturer of scrubbing equipment and ìprepackagedî scrubber systems, has recently designed, manufactured, ...

Kanav Kahol noted that despite the similarities between most medical devices in their computer displays and circuits, their packaging made them unduly co...

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Before starting an art business, either in the field of art, crafts or design, it is essential that you sit down and ask yourself some really searching business questions. You need to be honest with your answers because not doing so will only result in failure - yours.

In deze masterthesis werd het mechanisme achter de start van celgroei bestudeerd in gist via fundamenteel biologisch onderzoek. Kinasen, een bepaald type eiwitten, lijken betrokken te zijn bij het linken van celgroei met de beschikbaarheid van voeding.

The Italian start-up has developed and patented a new dog waste bag, made up of a fully compostable material and characterized by a novel closable sys... See more ...

A Brussels-based start-up active in the community car sharing services is currently testing a new concept to deliver energy and soft mobility as a ser... See more ...