Ammonium chloride. Medical search

An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.

A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.

Substances or materials used in the course of housekeeping or personal routine.

The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.

A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally.

Inorganic compounds that include a positively charged tetrahedral nitrogen (ammonium ion) as part of their structure. This class of compounds includes a broad variety of simple ammonium salts and derivatives.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.

A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.

An ADP-ribosylating polypeptide produced by CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that causes the signs and symptoms of DIPHTHERIA. It can be broken into two unequal domains: the smaller, catalytic A domain is the lethal moiety and contains MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASES which transfers ADP RIBOSE to PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTOR 2 thereby inhibiting protein synthesis; and the larger B domain that is needed for entry into cells.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Usually a hydroxide of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, but also the carbonates of these metals, ammonia, and the amines. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

A fungal metabolite which is a macrocyclic lactone exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity.

A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.

A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.

An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.

An intracellular proteinase found in a variety of tissue. It has specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. The enzyme is involved in catabolism of cartilage and connective tissue. EC 3.4.23.5. (Formerly EC 3.4.4.23).

Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.

A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilatation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries: a comparison with metabolic inhibition. (1/1184)

1. Hypoxia (PO2 < 5 mmHg) decreased vessel tone in isolated rat mesenteric arteries precontracted with either high [K+] or the thromboxane analogue U46619. This response was not altered by N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and indomethacin. 2. Simultaneous measurement of pHi and tension showed that the decrease in vessel tone was accompanied by an intracellular acidification. Similar reductions in tone and pHi were observed with the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and sodium azide. 3. The presence of the lactate transport inhibitor alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHC) increased the magnitude of the acidification and resulted in a significantly faster reduction in tone in response to hypoxia. Addition of CHC to normoxic tissues caused both a vasodilatation and a reduction of pHi. 4. A decrease in pHi induced on washout of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) resulted in an increase in tone. 5. Relaxation to hypoxia or metabolic inhibition was unaffected when the change in pHi was neutralized by addition of the weak base trimethylamine (TMA). 6. It is concluded that severe hypoxia decreases tone in isolated rat mesenteric arteries by a mechanism which is independent of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Both severe hypoxia and metabolic inhibition reduced pHi, although this does not appear to be contributing to the changes in tone observed. (+info)

Metabolic acidosis-induced retinopathy in the neonatal rat. (2/1184)

PURPOSE: Carbon dioxide (CO2)-induced retinopathy (CDIR) in the neonatal rat, analogous to human retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), was previously described by our group. In this model, it is possible that CO2-associated acidosis provides a biochemical mechanism for CDIR. Therefore, the effect of pure metabolic acidosis on the developing retinal vasculature of the neonatal rat was investigated. METHODS: A preliminary study of arterial blood pH was performed to confirm acidosis in our model. In neonatal rats with preplaced left carotid artery catheters, acute blood gas samples were taken 1 to 24 hours after gavage with either NH4Cl 1 millimole/100 g body weight or saline. In the subsequent formal retinopathy study, 150 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were raised in litters of 25 and randomly assigned to be gavaged twice daily with either NH4Cl 1 millimole/100 g body weight (n = 75) or saline (n = 75) from day 2 to day 7. After 5 days of recovery, rats were killed, and retinal vasculature was assessed using fluorescein perfusion and ADPase staining techniques. RESULTS: In the preliminary pH study, the minimum pH after NH4Cl gavage was 7.10+/-0.10 at 3 hours (versus 7.37+/-0.03 in controls, mean +/- SD, P < 0.01). In the formal retinopathy study, preretinal neovascularization occurred in 36% of acidotic rats versus 5% of controls (P < 0.001). Acidotic rats showed growth retardation (final weight 16.5+/-3.0 g versus 20.2+/-2.6 g, P < 0.001). The ratio of vascularized to total retinal area was smaller in acidotic rats (94%+/-4% versus 96%+/-2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic acidosis alone induces neovascularization similar to ROP in the neonatal rat. This suggests a possible biochemical mechanism by which high levels of CO2 induce neovascularization and supports the suggestion that acidosis may be an independent risk factor for ROP. (+info)

Re-activation of the peptidyltransferase centre of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes after inactivation by exposure to low concentrations of magnesium ion. (3/1184)

1. The larger subrivosomal particles of rabbit reticulocytes retained full activity in the puromycin reaction and in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis after 4h at 0 degrees C when buffered 0.5M-NH4Cl/10-30mM-MgCl2 was the solvent. 2. Activity in the puromycin reaction was diminished to approx 10% after 15-30 min at 0 degrees C when the concentration of MgCl2 was lowered to 2mM. 3. Activity was not restored when the concentration of MgCl2 was raised from 2mM to 10-30 mM at 0 degrees C. However, activity was recovered as measured by both assay systems when the ribosome fraction was heated to 37 degrees C at the higher concentrations of MgCl2. 4. Recovery of activity was noted during the course of the polyphenylalanine synthesis in 50 mM-KCl/5mM-MgCl2/25mM-Tris/HCl, pH 7.6, at 37 degrees C. Re-activation was slow at 20 degrees C and below. 5. No more than about 5% of the protein moiety of the subparticle was lost in 0.5M-NH4Cl on decreasing MgCl2 concentration from 10mM to 2mM. No proteins were detected in the supernatant fractions by gel electrophoresis after ribosomes were separated by differential centrifugation. The supernatant fraction was not essential for the recovery of activity. However, at higher (e.g. 1M) concentrations of NH4Cl, proteins were split from the subparticle. 6. The loss and regain of activity found on lowering and restoring the concentration of MgCl2 at 0.5M-NH4Cl appears to arise from a conformational change that does not seem to be associated with a loss and regain of particular proteins. 7. A 2% decrease in E260 was noticed when the concentration of Mg2+ was restored, and the change in the spectrum indicated a net increase of approx. 100A-U base-pairs per subribosomal particle. 8. When the concentration of Mg2+ was restored, S20,W of the subparticle remained at 52+/- 1S until the sample was incubated at 37 degrees C when S20,W increased to 56 +/- 1S compared with the value of 58 +/- 1S for the subparticle as originally isolated. (+info)

Reassembly of the peptidyltransferase centre of larger subparticles of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes from a core-particle and split-protein fraction. (4/1184)

We report the reconstruction, from a core-particle and split-protein fraction, of the larger subribosomal particle of rabbit reticulocytes. The reassembled particle was active in polyphenylalanine synthesis and in the puromycin reaction. The core-particles and split-protein fractions were obtained by treatment of the larger subparticle with salt solutions containing NH4+ and Mg2+ in the molar ratio 40:1 over the range 2.25-2.75 M-NH4Cl/56-69mM-MgCl2 at 0 degrees C. This treatment led to the loss of about eight proteins (approx. 17% of the protein moiety), which were found wholly or largely in the split-protein fraction as shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The core particle retained 5S rRNA and had much decreased (no more than 10% of control) ability to function in the puromycin reaction or in poly (U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. Activity was recovered when the recombined core-particle and split-protein fractions were dialysed overnight at 4 degrees C against 0.3M-NH4Cl/15mM-MgCl2/1mM-dithiothreitol/15% (v/v) glycerol/20mM-Tris/HCl, pH 7.6, and then heated for 1 h at 37 degreesEES C. The recovery was 40-80% of the original activity. Raising the concentration of MgCL2 to 300 mM in 2.5 M-NH4CL led to the removal of seven rather than eight proteins, and the core particle remained active in the puromycin reaction. We infer that the protein retained by raising the concentration of Mg2+ is an essential component of the peptidyltransferase centre of the ribosome. (+info)

Endocytosis of heparin-binding protein (CAP37) is essential for the enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in human monocytes. (5/1184)

Heparin-binding protein (HBP), also known as CAP37, is a proteolytically inactive serine protease homologue that is released from activated granulocytes. However, HBP is not a biologically inactive molecule but rather a multifunctional protein with properties that include the enhancement of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production from monocytes. We have previously demonstrated that HBP is internalized in monocytes. In the current study, we hypothesize that HBP is internalized in monocytes via endocytosis, and this internalization is an important mechanism by which HBP enhances LPS-induced TNF-alpha release. Using whole blood from healthy donors and flow cytometry, we found that colchicine (0.1-10 mM), cytochalasin D (1000 microM), NH4Cl (10-50 mM), and bafilomycin A1 (0.1-3 microM) significantly reduced the affinity of FITC-HBP for CD14-positive monocytes. Using isolated human monocytes and ELISA, we found that colchicine (0.1 mM), cytochalasin D (30 and 300 microM), NH4Cl (30 mM), and bafilomycin A1 (1 microM) significantly reduced the effect of HBP (10 microg/ml) to enhance LPS (10 ng/ml)-induced TNF-alpha release after 24 h. These findings demonstrate that internalization of HBP in monocytes is essential for the enhancement of LPS-induced TNF-alpha release. Transport of HBP to an activating compartment depends on intact F-actin polymerization and endosomal acidification, an important mechanism for endosomal protein sorting and trafficking. (+info)

MHC class I-restricted presentation of maleylated protein binding to scavenger receptors. (6/1184)

Pathways for loading exogenous protein-derived peptides on MHC class I are thought to be present mainly in monocyte-lineage cells and to involve phagocytosis- or macropinocytosis-mediated antigenic leakage into either cytosol or extracellular milieu to give peptide access to MHC class I. We show that maleylation of OVA enhanced its presentation to an OVA-specific MHC class I-restricted T cell line by both macrophages and B cells. This enhanced presentation involved uptake through receptors of scavenger receptor (SR)-like ligand specificity, was TAP-1-independent, and was inhibited by low levels (2 mM) of ammonium chloride. No peptide loading of bystander APCs by maleylated (maleyl) OVA-pulsed macrophages was detected. Demaleylated maleyl-OVA showed enhanced MHC class I-restricted presentation through receptor-mediated uptake and remained highly sensitive to 2 mM ammonium chloride. However, if receptor binding of maleyl-OVA was inhibited by maleylated BSA, the residual presentation was relatively resistant to 2 mM ammonium chloride. Maleyl-OVA directly introduced into the cytosol via osmotic lysis of pinosomes was poorly presented, confirming that receptor-mediated presentation of exogenous maleyl-OVA was unlikely to involve a cytosolic pathway. Demaleylated maleyl-OVA was well presented as a cytosolic Ag, consistent with the dependence of cytosolic processing on protein ubiquitination. Thus, receptor-specific delivery of exogenous protein Ags to APCs can result in enhanced MHC class I-restricted presentation, suggesting that the exogenous pathway of peptide loading for MHC class I may be a constitutive property dependent mainly on the quantity of Ag taken up by APCs. (+info)

Activation of the proteasomes of sand dollar eggs at fertilization depends on the intracellular pH rise. (7/1184)

The mechanism of the activation of intracellular proteasomes at fertilization was measured in living sand dollar eggs using the membrane-impermeant fluorogenic substrate, succinyl-Phe-Leu-Arg-coumarylamido-4-methanesulfonic acid. When the substrate was microinjected into unfertilized eggs, the initial velocity of hydrolysis of the substrate (V0) was low. V0 measured 5 to 10 min after fertilization was five to nine times the prefertilization level and remained high throughout the first cell cycle. Hydrolysis of the substrate was inhibited by clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome. There has been in vitro evidence that calcium may be involved in regulation of proteasome activity to either inhibit the increase in peptidase activity associated with PA 28 binding to the 20S proteasome or stimulate activity of the PA 700-proteasome complex. Since both intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular pH (pHi) increase after fertilization, hydrolysis of the proteasome substrate was measured under conditions in which [Ca2+]i and pHi were varied independently during activation. When the pHi of unfertilized eggs was elevated by exposure to 15 mM ammonium chloride in pH 9 seawater, V0 increased to a level comparable to that measured after fertilization. In contrast, [Ca2+]i elevation without pHi change, induced by calcium ionophore in sodium-free seawater, had no effect on V0 in the unfertilized egg. Moreover, when unfertilized eggs were microinjected with buffers modulating pHi, V0 increased in a pH-dependent manner. These results indicate that the pHi rise at fertilization is the necessary prerequisite for activation of the proteasome, an essential component in the regulation of the cell cycle. (+info)

Regulation of thick ascending limb ion transporter abundance in response to altered acid/base intake. (8/1184)

Changes in ammonium excretion with acid/base perturbations are dependent on changes in medullary ammonium accumulation mediated by active NH4+ absorption by the medullary thick ascending limb. To investigate whether alterations in the abundance of medullary thick ascending limb ion transporters, namely the apical Na+/K+(NH4+)/2Cl- -cotransporter (BSC-1), the apical Na+/H+ -exchanger (NHE3), and the Na+/K+ -ATPase alpha1-subunit, may be responsible in part for altered medullary ammonium accumulation, semiquantitative immunoblotting studies were performed using homogenates from the inner stripe of the rat renal outer medulla. After 7 d of NH4Cl (7.2 mmol/220 g body wt per d) loading (associated with increased medullary ammonium accumulation), neither BSC-1 nor Na+/K+ -ATPase protein expression was altered, but NHE3 protein abundance was significantly increased. On the other hand, both BSC-1 and Na+/K+ -ATPase protein abundance was increased significantly in rats fed NaHCO3 (7.2 mmol/220 g body wt per d) for 7 d. Rats fed a high-NaCl diet (7.7 mEq Na+/220 g body wt per d) for 5 d also showed marked increases in both BSC-1 and Na+/K+ -ATPase expression. The expression level of NHE3 protein did not change with either NaHCO3 or high NaCl intake. None of these three transporters showed a significant difference in abundance between the groups fed equimolar (7.2 mmol/220 g body wt per d for 7 d) NaHCO3 or NaCl. It is concluded that outer medullary BSC-1 and Na+/K+ -ATPase alpha1-subunit protein abundance is increased by chronic Na+ loading but not by acid/base perturbations and that outer medullary NHE3 protein abundance is increased by chronic NH4Cl loading. (+info)

... can also be used in the process of making albumen silver prints. The earliest mention of ammonium chloride ... Ammonium chloride has been used historically to produce low temperatures in cooling baths. Ammonium chloride solutions with ... Those cells later evolved into zinc-carbon batteries still using ammonium chloride as electrolyte. Ammonium chloride is used in ... by mass of ammonium chloride in water has a pH in the range 4.6 to 6.0. Some of ammonium chloride's reactions with other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloride

... is a Class 9 hazardous material (Miscellaneous) according to the U.S. DOT. "Zinc Ammonium Chloride". ... Zinc ammonium chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2ZnCl4. It is the ammonium salt of tetrachlorozincate. ... Zinc ammonium chloride flux in aqueous solution is applied to the steel to reduce any oxides that are formed and/or inhibit ... Hironori Matsunaga (1982). "X-Ray Structural Study of the Successive Phase Transitions in Ammonium Tetrachlorozincate, (NH4) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_ammonium_chloride

Dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, U.S.National Library of ... Dimethyloctadecyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (DTSACl) is a disinfectant used as a preservative and fungicide. ... ammonium chloride solution". Sigma-Aldrich. v t e (Articles without InChI source, Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID, Articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyloctadecyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium_chloride

... ammonium chloride • alcohol • camphor sulfuric acid (sulphuric acid) • hydrochloric acid • nitric acid • acetic acid • formic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_alchemy

The filtrate on evaporation yields ammonium chloride. Ammonium sulfate forms many double salts (ammonium metal sulfates) when ... Ammonium sulfate is used on a small scale in the preparation of other ammonium salts, especially ammonium persulfate. Ammonium ... In November 2009, a ban on ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizers was imposed in the ... ammonium nickel sulfate which are known as Tutton's salts and ammonium ceric sulfate. Anhydrous double sulfates of ammonium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_sulfate

"Mercury ammonium chloride". (Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2014, Articles without EBI source, ... It consists of a zig-zag 1-dimensional polymer (HgNH2)n with chloride counterions. It arises from the reaction of ammonia and ... A variety of related amido and nitrido materials with chloride, bromide, and hydroxide are known. Before the toxicity of ... mercuric chloride. Addition of base converts it into "Millon's base" (named after Eugène Millon), which has the formula [Hg2N] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercuric_amidochloride

Titrations for cobalt and nickel are carried out in an ammoniacal environment; buffered with ammonia:ammonium chloride solution ... Endpoints are very sharp, and with care, chloride concentrations down to 15 mg/L can be analyzed. Bromide and chloride may be ... For instance, benzalkonium chloride (a quaternary-type cationic surfactant) may be determined in cleaners and algaecides for ... The reaction of silver nitrate with chloride is strongly exothermic. For instance, the reaction enthalpy of Ag+ with Cl− is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometric_titration

ammonium chloride] or even sea salt". This combination forms a eutectic system, which stabilizes its temperature automatically ... Eutectic temperature of ammonium chloride and water is listed as −15.9 °C (3.38 °F) and as −15.4 °C (4.28 °F) in (respectively ... and ammonium chloride (a salt). The other limit established was his best estimate of the average human body temperature, ... was an impure form of ammonium chloride. The French chemist Nicolas Lémery (1645-1715) discussed it in his book Cours de Chymie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit

... can be synthesized by: catalytic hydration of butyronitrile; reaction of butyryl chloride with ammonium salts; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyramide

... ammonium chloride is also produced. The following scheme shows the reaction mechanism: By addition of hydrogen chloride the ... chloride (3a and 3b). The resulting salt (4) precipitates after some time as aldimine tin chloride (5). Hydrolysis of 5 ... However, it has been found that this step is unnecessary and the aldimine tin chloride can be hydrolysed directly in the ... In the past, the reaction was carried out by precipitating the aldimine-tin chloride, washing it with ether and then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_aldehyde_synthesis

One method entails treating formaldehyde with ammonium chloride. [NH4]Cl + CH2O → [CH2=NH2]Cl + H2O [CH2=NH2]Cl + CH2O + H2O ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylamine

... a unit for zinc and ammonium chloride production; and an air preheater. Capacity was doubled between 1975 and 1984. A second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copșa_Mică_works

... dimethyl ammonium chloride is the famous example. Suet Dripping "Greaves: a high-protein solid which is left following ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallow

Na2SO4 Sal alembroth - salt composed of chlorides of ammonium and mercury. Sal ammoniac - ammonium chloride. Sal petrae (Med. ... Caustic volatile alkali - ammonium hydroxide. Corrosive sublimate - mercuric chloride, formed by subliming mercury, calcined ... Salt of hartshorn/Sal volatile - ammonium carbonate formed by distilling bones and horns. Tin salt - hydrated stannous chloride ... SbCl3 Butter of tin - hydrated tin(IV) chloride; see also spiritus fumans, another chloride of tin. Oil of tartar - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alchemical_substances

Dax, E. C. (1940) Convulsion therapy by ammonium chloride. Journal of Mental Science 86: 660-667. Dax, E. C. (1951) Indications ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cunningham_Dax

Ammonium salts, e.g.Ammonium chloride, sulphate and nitrate. Metal salts e.g. Magnesium chloride, Zinc nitrate, Zinc chloride. ... Catalyst mixture e.g. magnesium chloride with added organic and inorganic acids or acid donors. The purpose of the additives is ... chloride, bromite, hydrogen peroxide) Depending on the sizing materials that has been used, the cloth may be steeped in a ... with the addition of either sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate. Direct dyes are used on cotton, paper, leather ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_process_engineering

Salty Liquorice Aakkoset has a mild ammonium chloride content. The Cloetta marketing chief was asked in 2016 which of the ... from a more liquorice-intense flavour to a flavour with higher ammonium chloride content. Sales increased temporarily, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aakkoset

... and ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, borax, and various acids. These early attempts found application in reducing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-safe_polymers

He initially made ammonia, hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride. Karl Ludwig Reimann, a chemist, joined the business in 1828 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Benckiser

The quaternary ammonium compound Dimethyloctadecyl (3-trimethoxysilyl propyl) ammonium chloride (Si-QAC) has been found to have ... Many other quaternary ammonium compounds are known to have antimicrobial properties (e.g. alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride ... "Surface-bonded antimicrobial activity of an organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride". Applied Microbiology. 24 (6): 859-863 ... Quaternary ammonium ion-containing polymers (PQA) have been proven to effectively kill cells and spores through their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_surface

triphenyl phosphine, tributyl phosphine, pyridine, bipyridine). A reaction with ammonium chloride yields the [Cl5VNCl]2− ion. ... Vanadium(V) chloride chlorimide is molecular. In the gas phase the V to N bond length is 1.651 Å, V to Cl bond length is 2.138 ... Vanadium(V) chloride chlorimide can be made by chlorinating vanadium nitride at 120°. Or chlorine azide can react with vanadium ... Vanadium (V) chloride chlorimide is a chemical compound containing vanadium in a +5 oxidation state bound to three chlorine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium(V)_chloride_chlorimide

Gallium ammonium chloride is used for the leads in transistors. A major application of gallium is in LED lighting. The pure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_group

Ammonium chloride (salmiak) and sulfur has been collected around fumaroles. The thick sulfur layers on the southeastern summit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taftan_(volcano)

... of ammonium chloride (salmiak salt) was not permitted in Germany at that point in time. Since then, the upper limit on ammonium ... Sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) has a history of being used as a cough medicine, as it works as an expectorant. Finnish author ... Where and when ammonium chloride and liquorice were first combined to produce salty liquorice is unclear, but by the 1930s it ... In Sweden, for example, the most popular types of salty liquorice contain an average of 7% of ammonium chloride. In 2012, there ...

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... in an organic halide with a formula of CH3NH3Cl. It is an ammonium salt composed of methylamine and ... "Methylammonium chloride". Greatcell Solar Materials. Retrieved 10 April 2021. "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank". gestis.dguv.de. ... Zhao, X. (2021). "Methylammonium Chloride reduces the bandgap width and trap densities for efficient perovskite photodetectors ... hydrogen chloride. One potential application for the methylammonium halides is in the production of perovskite solar cells. " ...

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In some designs, the ammonium chloride is replaced by zinc chloride. A reserve battery can be stored unassembled (unactivated ... The electrolyte is ammonium chloride in the form of a paste next to the zinc anode. The remaining space between the electrolyte ... and carbon cathode is taken up by a second paste consisting of ammonium chloride and manganese dioxide, the latter acting as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery

ISBN 978-0-7020-4841-8. Taton, DF; Hamar, D; Lewis, LD (15 February 1984). "Evaluation of ammonium chloride as a urinary ... This is to maintain the plasma's electrical balance, as the chloride anions have been extracted. The bicarbonate content causes ... During hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach, the gastric parietal cells extract chloride anions, carbon dioxide, water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_tide

Part V. The reciprocal salt-pair, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride; J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1923, 123, 841 - 849 (with ... 40 186-192 (with William Donald Urry) The properties of ammonium nitrate. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Philip_Perman

Industrial etching is usually done with ammonium persulfate or ferric chloride. For PTH (plated-through holes), additional ... in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride. Compared with methods used for mass production, ...

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"Attempt to smuggle ammonium chloride into Gaza foiled 3 May 2016". GxMSDev. Retrieved 9 June 2016. Lazareva, Inna (15 May 2016 ...

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... mineral salt Ammonium carbonate - mineral salt Ammonium chloride - mineral salt Ammonium ferric citrate - food acid Ammonium ... mineral salt Ammonium lactate - food acid Ammonium malate - food acid Ammonium phosphates - mineral salt Ammonium phosphatides ... Amchur (mango powder) Ammonium acetate - preservative, acidity regulator Ammonium adipates - acidity regulator Ammonium ... emulsifier Ammonium polyphosphates - anti-caking agent Ammonium sulfate - mineral salt, improving agent Amylases - flour ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

The group is determined by making a solution of the salt in water and adding ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide. Ammonium ... The reagent used is ammonium sulfide or Na2S 0.1 M added to the ammonia/ammonium chloride solution used to detect group 3 ... Chlorides are confirmed by the chromyl chloride test. When the salt is heated with K2Cr2O7 and concentrated H2SO4, red vapours ... The chlorides of these elements cannot be distinguished from each other by their colour - they are all white solid compounds. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_inorganic_analysis

The most important ions are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate and the organic ion bicarbonate. The ... December 1998). "The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 22 (5): 421-37. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... and a solution of hydrochloric acid at the other will show rings of deposited ammonium chloride where the two gases meet, if ... A tube plugged with cotton with a little ammonium hydroxide at one end, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liesegang_rings

The compound is prepared by treatment of ammonium salts, such as ammonium nitrate with chlorine. Intermediates in this ... Chlorides, Nitrogen halides, Inorganic chlorine compounds, Inorganic nitrogen compounds, Explosive chemicals, Nitrogen(III) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride

... usually silver chloride electrode or calomel electrode internal solution, usually a pH=7 buffered solution of 0.1 mol/L KCl for ... ammonium, and other ions. Glass electrodes have been utilized in a wide range of applications including pure research, control ... maximizing the surface area of the tool by heat treating the platinum with platinum chloride at red heat, thus enabling a much ... pH electrodes or 0.1 mol/L MCl for pM electrodes when using the silver chloride electrode, a small amount of AgCl can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_electrode

Acquisition of nutrients includes the uptake of phosphorus, nitrate or ammonium, iron, magnesium, and other ions. Many ... and chloride. In truffle fungi, as in all ectomycorrhizae, the majority of nutrient exchange occurs in the Hartig net, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truffle

The lowest temperature was achieved by preparing a frigorific mixture of ice, water, and a salt ("ammonium chloride or even sea ...

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Methylating agents attack the amine to give the quaternary ammonium salt: C6H5N(CH3)2 + (CH3O)2SO2 → C6H5N(CH3)3CH3OSO3 DMA is ... Experiments on the reaction of methyl chloride, bromide and iodide with aniline), Berichte der deutschen chemischen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylaniline

In 1972, K. Shiina observed that lithium (as an electron donor) forms with trimethylsilyl chloride under darkening tris( ... which are produced as undesirable by-products during the standard synthesis of nitrogen trifluoride from ammonia or ammonium ... trimethylsilyl)amine in the presence of chromium(III) chloride as a catalyst at room temperature with the nitrogen used for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine

Some of the sodium chloride precipitates and is removed by filtration, and the pentahydrate is then obtained by cooling the ... ammonium salts, urea, or related compounds and biological materials such as urine) produces chloramines. These gaseous products ... Commercial solutions always contain significant amounts of sodium chloride (common salt) as the main by-product, as seen in the ... A 1966 patent describes the production of solid stable dihydrate NaOCl·2H 2O by reacting a chloride-free solution of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite

... it can be co-polymerize with anionic for example Acrylic acid and cationic monomer such as diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride ( ... The most common soil cations are calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, hydrogen, and sodium. The total number of cations a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_conditioner

Formation of a white precipitate on the addition of ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide and monosodium phosphate to an ... The sodium chloride equivalent value, or E-Value, is 0.49. It is soluble in 4.5 parts water. It is added in animal feed, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium_phosphate

... whereas ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac), and ammonium sulfate are found in volcanic districts; crystals of ammonium ... thus with hydrochloric acid it forms ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac); with nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, etc. Perfectly dry ... or the ammonia may be absorbed in hydrochloric acid and the ammonium chloride so formed precipitated as ammonium ... However, the description Pliny gives of the salt does not conform to the properties of ammonium chloride. According to Herbert ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

... chloride and ammonium oxalate, mercury(I) chloride, ammonium chloride and carbon dioxide are produced. 2 HgCl2 + (NH4)2C2O4 ... Mercurous chloride forms by the reaction of elemental mercury and mercuric chloride: Hg + HgCl2 → Hg2Cl2 It can be prepared via ... Other electrodes can vary by 70 to 100 millivolts.[citation needed] Mercurous chloride decomposes into mercury(II) chloride and ... Mercury(I) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula Hg2Cl2. Also known as the mineral calomel (a rare mineral) or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury(I)_chloride

Similarly, when ammonia is the solvent, the strongest acid is ammonium (NH4+), thus HCl and a super acid exert the same ... ii) Protogenic solvents: Solvents which have the tendency to produce protons, i.e., water, liquid hydrogen chloride, glacial ...

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Ammonium chloride - [NH4]Cl Ammonium chlorate - [NH4]ClO3 Ammonium cyanide - [NH4]CN Ammonium dichromate - [NH4]2Cr2O7 Ammonium ... chloride - AmCl3 Ammonium chloride - [NH4]Cl Antimony(III) chloride - SbCl3 Antimony(V) chloride - SbCl5 Arsenic(III) chloride ... NH3 Ammonium azide - [NH4]N3 Ammonium bicarbonate - [NH4]HCO3 Ammonium bisulfate - [NH4]HSO4 Ammonium bromide - NH4Br Ammonium ... chloride - CoCl2 Copper(I) chloride - CuCl Copper(II) chloride - CuCl2 Curium(III) chloride - CmCl3 Cyanogen chloride - ClCN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds, Tertiary amines, All stub articles, Gastrointestinal system drug stubs). ... Maralixibat chloride is the international nonproprietary name (INN). "Livmarli- maralixibat chloride solution". DailyMed. ... Maralixibat chloride, sold under the brand name Livmarli, is a medication used to treat cholestatic pruritus in people with ... Maralixibat chloride is an ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor. Maralixibat was approved for medical use in the United ...

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The trimethyl ammonium group of Ach binds to the aromatic residue of tryptophan (Trp). The indole site provides a much more ... Cores as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Coupling of Aryl Chlorides". Organometallics. 27 (22): 5911. doi:10.1021/om800711g ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-interaction

Alternatively it can also be produced from phosphonitrilic chloride: PCl5 + 6 NH4F → NH4PF6 + 5 NH4Cl PNCl2 + 6 HF → NH4PF6 + 2 ... Ammonium hexafluorophosphate is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4PF6. It is a white water-soluble, hygroscopic solid ... The compound is a salt consisting of the ammonium cation and hexafluorophosphate anion. It is commonly used as a source of the ... It is prepared by combining neat ammonium fluoride and phosphorus pentachloride. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_hexafluorophosphate

As for many elements, the chlorides are key complexes. Hexachloroiridic (IV) acid, H 2IrCl 6, and its ammonium salt are the ... In either case, the product, an iridium chloride salt, is reduced with hydrogen, yielding the metal as a powder or sponge, ... The abundance of iridium in seawater and organisms is relatively low, as it does not readily form chloride complexes. The ... Another compound used as a starting material is ammonium hexachloroiridate(III), (NH 4) 3IrCl 6. In the presence of air, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium

... from a solution of magnesium ammonium chloride Mg(NH 4)Cl 3 with excess ammonia left standing for several months. G. André ... "Composition of Crystalline Deposit from a Solution of Magnesium and Ammonium Chloride". The Chemical News and Journal of ... C by decomposition of the hydroxide and chloride anions, releasing water and hydrogen chloride and leaving a magnesium oxide ... for example.Other names for this class are magnesium chloride hydroxide, magnesium oxychloride, and basic magnesium chloride. ...

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... glycyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride. The resulting N-(trifluoroacetyl)-α-aminoacetophenone was then N- ... The product was then treated with DIBAL, and the unisolated imine then treated sequentially with ammonium bromide and ... α-amino acid chlorides. Application to the preparation of β-arylalkylamines and 3-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines ...

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1988;11(3):261-5. Kato T, Sano M: Effect of ammonium chloride on homocitrulline and homoarginine synthesis from lysine. J ...

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Sodium chloride (NaCl), for example, melts at 801 °C (1,474 °F) into a liquid that consists largely of sodium cations (Na+ ) ... Jiangshui Luo; Olaf Conrad & Ivo F. J. Vankelecom (2012). "Physicochemical properties of phosphonium-based and ammonium-based ... "Potentiometric investigation of dialuminium heptachloride formation in aluminum chloride-1-butylpyridinium chloride mixtures". ... The IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride has been investigated for the recovery of uranium and other metals from spent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_liquid

3 NH3 Step 2 thermolysis of ammonium lanthanide chlorides The ammonium lanthanum chlorides are converted to the trichlorides by ... The use of ammonium chloride as a reagent is convenient because the salt is anhydrous, even when handled in air. Ammonium ... Meyer, G. (1989). The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl3. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. ... of ammonium lanthanide chlorides The reaction of an intimate mixture of lanthanide oxides with excess ammonium chloride ...

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Additional ingredients are extra flavouring, beeswax for a shiny surface, ammonium chloride and molasses. Ammonium chloride is ... German and Nordic liquorice characteristically contains ammonium chloride instead of sodium chloride, prominently so in salty ... ammonium chloride, the taste of which is less prominent because of the higher sugar concentration. Some liquorice candy is ... Excessive black liquorice consumption can cause chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis and pseudohyperaldosteronism. In one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquorice_(confectionery)

85.00 Ammonium: 1.00 Iron: 5.54 Carbonate: 0.15 Bicarbonate: 234.48 Chloride: 2,020.00 Sulfate: 2,165.00 Nitrite: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonzac_thermal_springs

This compound replaced Mohr's salt (ferrous ammonium sulfate) in many applications because of its greater stability compared to ... chemistry was his demonstration of the use of naphthidine as an indicator for certain chromate titrations such as for chloride ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_E._Oesper

Ammonium chloride fume is an irritant to the skin and respiratory passages when inhaled and produces mild systemic toxicity ... Ammonium chloride fume is an irritant to the skin and respiratory passages when inhaled and produces mild systemic toxicity ... OSHA received no comments on the proposed addition of exposure limits for ammonium chloride fume to the Z tables, other than ... No previous OSHA PEL had been established for ammonium chloride fume. Based on the ACGIH recommendation, OSHA proposed a TWA ...

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This page contains information on the chemical Ammonium, allyltrimethyl-, chloride including: 9 synonyms/identifiers. ... Ammonium, allyltrimethyl-, bromide*Ammonium, allyltrimethyl-, chloride*Homoneurine chloride Related Resources. *USDOT Hazardous ... Ammonium, allyltrimethyl-, chloride. Identifications. *CAS Number: 1516-27-4*Synonyms/Related:*2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N,N- ... Ammonium, allyltrimethyl-, chloride (EnvironmentalChemistry.com),/a,- This page contains information on the chemical Ammonium, ...

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... ammonium chloride + citric acid including side effects, age restrictions, food interactions, whether the medicine is available ... ammonium chloride + citric acid. The medicines below all contain the following active ingredient(s): diphenhydramine + ammonium ... Medicines that contain diphenhydramine + ammonium chloride + citric acid *Benadryl for the Family Original ... chloride + citric acid. You can select a medicine from this list to find out more - including side effects, age restrictions, ...

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Metabolic acidosis dosing for ammonium chloride, frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications ... encoded search term (ammonium chloride ((ammonium chloride))) and ammonium chloride ((ammonium chloride)) What to Read Next on ... mEq of chloride ion (as ammonium chloride-NH4Cl) = [0.2 L/kg X BW (kg)] X [103 - observed serum chloride]; administer 50% of ... mEq of chloride ion (as ammonium chloride-NH4Cl) = [0.2 L/kg X BW (kg)] X [103 - observed serum chloride]; administer 50% of ...

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... diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) additive into class II. ... A wound dressing with Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) additive is a device that is a sterile barrier wound ... Wound Dressing with Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) Additive - Class II Special Controls Guidance for ... Wound Dressing with Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) Additive - Class II Special Controls Guidance for ...

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Hi! Can I get a quote for a GreenScreen Assessment of Dimethyltetradecyl(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ammonium chloride [41591-87- ... ALSO CALLED 1-Tetradecanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-, chloride, 1-Tetradecanaminium, N,N... View all ... Profile for "Dimethyltetradecyl(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)ammonium chloride" on Pharos: https://pharosproject.net/chemicals/ ...

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SliderGallery rightalign,ammonium chloride.jpg~Chemical structure]]]. [[[SliderGallery rightalign,ammonium chloride.jpg~ ... Ammonium chloride was known in ancient times where legend tells it was observed in the Temple of Zeus-Ammon in Egypt as it was ... Currently, the most common uses for ammonium chloride are as a soldering flux for iron, as a component in galvanizing solutions ... Ammonium chloride Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service. [Accessed 25 Jan. 2003]. ...

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Ammonium chloride side effects starting with "F" - page 1. Browse Ammonium chloride side effects alphabetically: a b c d e f g ... Browse Ammonium chloride side effects alphabetically: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ... Ammonium chloride side effects starting with F ...

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ammonia from ammonium chloride?. sup people?. i was wondering on how to get ammnia out of ammonium chloride.or what is supposed ... to be ammonium chloride.. i mixed a solution of 10% ammonia,. with a 10% hcl solution.. now i guess thas ammonium chloride. ... If you mix ammonium chloride with a strong base like NaOH, ammonia gas should evolve. Im talking about dry salts, not ... Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Fundamentals » Chemistry in General » ammonia from ammonium chloride?. Select A Forum. ...

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A nanofiber coated cellulose filter media was tested with potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate particles ... A nanofiber coated cellulose filter media was tested with potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate particles ... T1 - Loading characteristics of nanofiber coated air intake filter media by potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium ... A nanofiber coated cellulose filter media was tested with potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate particles ...

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The inorganic solute is either sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate and the organic component is glutaric acid. The time ... The inorganic solute is either sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate and the organic component is glutaric acid. The time ... The inorganic solute is either sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate and the organic component is glutaric acid. The time ... The inorganic solute is either sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate and the organic component is glutaric acid. The time ...

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Sequential modification of montmorillonite with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and benzyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium ... Sequential modification of montmorillonite with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and benzyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium ... Sequential modification of montmorillonite with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and benzyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium ... Sequential modification of montmorillonite with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and benzyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium ...

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Ammonium chloride is administered to correct severe metabolic alkalosis related to chloride deficiency. NH4Cl is converted to ...

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Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid compound that is used as a catalyst in 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones ...

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Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is not flammable. But it can produce dangerous fumes in a fire. Additionally containers containing ... Is Ammonium Chloride Flammable?. July 27, 2022. by Taming Fires Is Ammonium Chloride Flammable?. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is ... Is Ammonium Chloride Explosive?. No, ammonium chloride is not explosive under ordinary conditions. Ammonium chloride can go ... The solid ammonium chloride will readily dissolve in water forming the dissociated ions of ammonium chloride NH4+ and Cl-. The ...

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I bought a 20lb bag of ammonium sulfate for 3$ (honest! (sciencemadness.org)
Those factors could affect the state of atmospheric hygroscopic salt pollutants, mainly ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. (umn.edu)
A nanofiber coated cellulose filter media was tested with potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate particles in both dry and wet states. (umn.edu)
The inorganic solute is either sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate and the organic component is glutaric acid. (uea.ac.uk)
Chloride can compete with nitrate, phosphate and sulfate uptake. (maximumyield.com)
1) mainly used as fertilizer ammonium sulfate, applied to a variety of soil and crops. (davidantoniocruz.com)
3 )consumption from the industrial ammonium sulfate ammonium sulfate dissolved in distilled water, except the addition of arsenic and heavy metals in solution purification agents, filtration, evaporation, cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying. (davidantoniocruz.com)
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate, also known as Mohr's Salt, is one of the chemicals distributed and supplied by Seidler Chemical. (davidantoniocruz.com)
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate can affect you when breathed in. (davidantoniocruz.com)
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate, or Mohr's salt, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O. (davidantoniocruz.com)
Ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) is a compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2. (davidantoniocruz.com)
It is a metal sulfate, an iron molecular entity and an ammonium salt. (davidantoniocruz.com)
Leading Manufacturer of magnesium sulphate anhydrous, ammonium sulfate white (98%), ferrous sulphate powder, zinc sulphate 33% monohydrate, zinc sulphate heptahydrate 21% and tin chloride from Vapi. (samindustries.in)
Ammonium Sulfate is used most commonly as an artificial fertilizer for alkaline soils . (samindustries.in)

Cetrimonium Chloride - Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride is an essential component when it comes the creation of hair and skincare products. (cocojojo.com)

Ammonium chloride can react violently with silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), potassium perchlorate (KClO 4 ), bromine trifluoride (BF 3 ) among others. (tamingfires.com)
As a general rule, ammonium chloride reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents and strong basic agents.Following, the chemical reactions of ammonium chloride with silver nitrate and potassium chlorate are briefly presented. (tamingfires.com)
Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) can act as a strong oxidizing agent in the presence of a combustible material and heat. (tamingfires.com)
Ammonium nitrate can be formed from the chemical reaction of ammonium chloride and silver nitrate. (tamingfires.com)
If ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water it is very unlikely to promote an explosion. (tamingfires.com)
Field measurements of the dissociation of ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosols. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, with the growing world chemicals and its technology i.e. chemical process, exposure of nanotechnology in chemical industry is also expected to benefit the benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride market. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
However, due to the adverse effect of benzyl trimethyl ammonium Chloride, government from developed countries have taken some strict actions which limits the use of synthetic chemicals. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Also, the trend of organic farming and demand of organic agricultural products, the use of agro-chemicals is expected to hamper thereby negatively impacting the benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride market. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
However, the trend of organic farming is anticipated to create adverse effect on synthetic chemicals such as benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride consumption for agricultural use. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Even Though ammonium chloride is non-flammable, non-combustible and non-explosive, ammonium chloride can react with some chemicals and produce unstable substances that pose fire hazards. (tamingfires.com)
As with all chemicals, ammonium chloride should be handled with care. (alphachemicals.com)

Objectives: To quantify and investigate Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride in cosmetics and personal care products in the UAE market to gauge whether or not they adhered to requirements for safety and health. (najah.edu)
The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride surfactants in cosmetics products. (najah.edu)
With each product, Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%) were calculated. (najah.edu)
To test cross-group differences in Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%), Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. (najah.edu)
Results: Of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, five (4%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in rinse-off hair products (2.5%), 10 (8%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in leave-on hair products (1%), and 24 (61.5%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level used as a preservative in cosmetics products. (najah.edu)
Doing so would help enhance the inspection and regulation of cosmetics containing Behentrimonium chloride/Cetrimonium chloride preservatives. (najah.edu)

The CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market is expected to register fluctuating growth trends in the long term, while inflation and supply chain concerns are expected to continue in 2023. (marketpublishers.com)
Shifting consumer preferences in a projected economic downturn scenario, amendments to industrial policies to align with growing environmental concerns, huge fluctuations in raw material costs triggered by prevailing geo-political tensions, and expected economic turbulences are noted as key challenges to be addressed by the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) industry players during the short and medium term forecast. (marketpublishers.com)
The Global CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) Market Analysis Report is a comprehensive report with in-depth qualitative and quantitative research evaluating the current scenario and providing future CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) Market potential for different product segments with their market penetration in various applications and end-uses, over the next eight years, to 2030. (marketpublishers.com)
CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market players' investments will be oriented towards acquiring new technologies, securing raw materials, efficient procurement/inventory, strengthening product portfolios, and leveraging capabilities to maintain growth during challenging times. (marketpublishers.com)
The economic and social challenges are noted to be highly varying between different countries/markets and CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) manufacturers and associated players are focused on country-specific strategies. (marketpublishers.com)
Crude oil prices fluctuating to the tune of $60/barrel in one year are emerging to be a key concern for the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market, as fuel and chemical prices are impacting many other segments. (marketpublishers.com)
Uneven recovery in different end markets and geographies is a key challenge in understanding and analyzing the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market landscape. (marketpublishers.com)
Concerns of global economic slowdown, the Impact of war in Ukraine, lockdowns in China with resurging COVID cases, and the Risks of stagflation envisaging numerous market scenarios are pressing the need for CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) industry players to be more vigilant and forward-looking. (marketpublishers.com)
Robust changes brought in by the pandemic COVID-19 in the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) supply chain and the burgeoning drive for a cleaner and sustainable environment are necessitating companies to alter their strategies. (marketpublishers.com)
The market study provides a comprehensive description of current trends and developments in the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) industry along with a detailed predictive and prescriptive analysis for 2030. (marketpublishers.com)
The research estimates global CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market revenues in 2022, considering the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market prices, CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) production, supply, demand, and CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) trade and logistics across regions. (marketpublishers.com)
Detailed market share statistics, penetration, and shift in demand for different types, applications, and geographies in the CHPTAC (3 Chloro 2 Hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) market from 2022 to 2030 are included in the thorough research. (marketpublishers.com)
Benzyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride or BTAC is a quaternary ammonium salt that appears as light yellow liquid or colorless crystals with a mild almond odor. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can be produced by various routes such as by reacting benzyl chloride and trimethyl amine in absolute ethanol, a reaction of benzyl dimethyl amine and methyl chloride, with or without a solvent or by dissolving benzyl chloride in diethyl ether and adding 25% trimethyl amine in methanol. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is used as phase transfer catalyst in various biphasic organic transitions used in the agrochemicals, polymer and pharmaceutical industries. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride can also be used as a corrosion inhibitor in oilfields. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Benzyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride finds its application in oilfields as corrosion inhibitor, thus with increasing oilfield activities is projected to bolster the market in upcoming future. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Moreover, increasing per capita income and increasing industrialization in developing countries creating need for increased oil and thereby boosting the market for benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Increasing demand from end user industries such as agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals is expected to push the demand of benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride during the forecast period. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Moreover, with the initiatives taken by the regional governments to recover the economic growth and enhance the industrial performance, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride demand is expected to gain the desirable growth from the first half of 2021. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
East Asia is expected to be one of the prominent market for benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and is expected to grow at high rate throughout the forecast period. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
the region emerges amongst top producer of benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.Benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride market in Middle East and North America is expected to grow on the back of presence of end use industries such as oilfields and pharmaceuticals. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
With increasing research and developing activities the demand for benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is expected to spur in the near future. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
With depleting cultivation area and increasing need for agriculture is expected to drive the global benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride market. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
With growing population across the globe the demand of food and agricultural products is increasing due to which demand for benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is expected to grow in upcoming future. (industrynewsanalysis.com)
Its main component is trimethyl (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium chloride, MF is C6H15Cl2NO, and its molecular weight is 188.10. (zhishangchemical.com)
Studies were conducted to assess the biodegradability and toxicity of the cationic surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTMAC) in sea water samples collected from the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain). (usda.gov)
The immunogenicity and toxicity of N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan/N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs) as a universal vaccine adjuvant/delivery system remains unclear. (usda.gov)
Background: Exceeding the recommended Alkyl (C12-22) trimethyl ammonium bromide and chloride levels in cosmetics and personal care products is a serious health threat. (najah.edu)

2003. Final report on the safety assessment of ammonium, potassium, and sodium persulfate. (cdc.gov)
[ 1 ] Chloride daily requirements for adults are 80-120 mEq/d as sodium chloride (NaCL). (medscape.com)
Chloride is an extracellular fluid anion that plays an important role in maintaining normal acid-base balance and along with sodium maintains water balance and serum osmolality. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] It mainly exists as sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] Chloride usually reflects changes in sodium, except in acid-base disorders in which changes in chloride are independent from sodium. (medscape.com)
In general, chloride reabsorption follows sodium reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Sixty-five to seventy percent of the total amount of filtered chloride is reabsorbed, which is close to the fractional reabsorption of sodium and water. (medscape.com)
Sodium and chloride are typically viewed as waste ions that plants do not need. (maximumyield.com)
Sodium competes with potassium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium for uptake by the plant. (maximumyield.com)
Therefore, if sodium or chloride is high in the growing medium, while other beneficial elements are at low or normal levels, the plant, which cannot tell them apart, will take up what is in the growing medium. (maximumyield.com)
If sodium or chloride levels are high to excessive in the growing medium, it is most likely coming from the water. (maximumyield.com)
Problems can occur if sodium and chloride levels in water exceed 50 and 70 ppm, respectively. (maximumyield.com)
If sodium or chloride levels in the water exceed 150 or 200 ppm, respectively, then reverse osmosis is the best option. (maximumyield.com)
Benzsoxol ammonium chloride solution was slowly added to the heparin sodium solution, stirring while adding, stirring and mixing evenly, and left for 2 hours. (qjbchina.com)
Add heparin benzyl acetate wet crude product 8% sodium chloride solution with the weight of 3 times the volume of heparin benzyl chloride ammonium salt, stir until completely dissolved, then add methanol with the volume of 4 times the volume of sodium chloride solution, continue stirring for 10 minutes, stand for 2 hours, filter and repeat this operation three times, to obtain the wet heparin benzyl acetate. (qjbchina.com)
Add an appropriate amount of sodium chloride to the depolymerization solution, make its concentration 10%, stir until it is completely dissolved, then add methanol 60 times the weight of benzyl heparin while stirring, stir evenly, then stand for 5 hours, separate the supernatant, and get the wet crude enoxaparin sodium. (qjbchina.com)

Active agent is a quaternary ammonium compound - benzalkonium chloride. (who.int)

Ammonium chloride acts as catalyst in one-pot,Biginelli condensation reactions of aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea or thiourea. (fsforeigntrade.com)
Inorganic ammonium ions, NH4+, have been reported as efficient catalysts for the aldol condensation of carbonyl compounds.NH4Cl has been reportedly used to enhance the hydrolysis rate and decrease the activation energy of magnesium hydride during hydrogen generation. (fsforeigntrade.com)
This may suggest that the behavioral response threshold is higher than the physiological response threshold of the primary chemoreceptor neurons or that the ammonium chloride must be associated with other compounds or certain physical attributes in order to evoke an ethological reaction from the studied species. (bvsalud.org)
Hydrogen fluoride can be released when other fluoride-containing compounds such as ammonium fluoride are combined with water. (cdc.gov)

About 90% of the produced ammonium chloride is used to produce fertilizers such as chloro ammonium phosphate (NH 3 ClPO 4 ). (tamingfires.com)
The dominant application of ammonium chloride is as a nitrogen source in fertilizers (corresponding to 90% of the world production of ammonium chloride) such as chloroammonium phosphate. (richase.com)

Chloride can be provided by fertilizer in the forms of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride or magnesium chloride. (maximumyield.com)

Ammonium chloride reacts violently with potassium perchlorate (KClO 4 ) to form ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 ) and potassium chloride (KCl). (tamingfires.com)

Moreover, of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, 21 (53.8%) exceeded the recommended Behentrimonium chloride level used as preservatives in cosmetics products. (najah.edu)

Sal ammoniac is a name of the natural, mineralogical form of ammonium chloride. (fujairahchemical.com)

This guidance document was developed as a special control guidance to support the classification of the wound dressing with Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) additive into class II (special controls). (fda.gov)
To evaluate the inclusion capacity and bactericidal efficiency of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) diluted in tetrahydrofuran (THF) upon inclusion in the medical grade silicone polymer structure. (bvsalud.org)

This report describes the global market size of Alkyl Benzyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride from 2017 to 2021 and its CAGR from 2017 to 2021, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2027 and its CAGR from 2022 to 2027. (researchandmarkets.com)
For the competitor segment, the report includes key global players of Alkyl Benzyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride as well as some small players. (researchandmarkets.com)
Mt was first modified with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) under microwave irradiation, which was followed by a second modification with benzyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BODAC). (elsevier.com)

The medicines below all contain the following active ingredient(s): diphenhydramine + ammonium chloride + citric acid. (healthdirect.gov.au)

Ammonium Hydroxide (conc. (techno-ad.de)

We have gained a remarkable position in the concerned industry by offering an eminent grade of Tin Chloride . (samindustries.in)

RXSOL-19-1530-025 Amonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH₄Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. (fujairahchemical.com)

Ammonium Chloride can be formed as the product of the acid-base reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia (NH 3 ) in an aqueous solution. (tamingfires.com)
As it can be seen in the above chemical equation, the formation of ammonium chloride from hydrochloric acid and ammonia is a reversible reaction. (tamingfires.com)
This means that ammonium chloride and water can form hydrochloric acid. (tamingfires.com)
When heating ammonium chloride it can appear to be just evaporation, however it decomposes, forming dangerous hydrochloric acid gas and ammonia gas. (tamingfires.com)

1987. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the risk assessment process for methylene chloride. (cdc.gov)

OSHA received no comments on the proposed addition of exposure limits for ammonium chloride fume to the Z tables, other than those submitted by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
OSHA finds that, in the absence of any limit on airborne exposure, employees are at significant risk of respiratory irritation caused by exposure to high concentrations of ammonium chloride fume. (cdc.gov)
OSHA concludes that the respiratory irritation caused by exposure to ammonium chloride fume constitutes a material impairment of health. (cdc.gov)
Objectives: To investigate the effects of preimplatation exposure of (F1×F1) strain mouse embryos to different dosages (0.3 VS 0.6mM) of ammonium chloride.Study Method: Total of 267, one-cell stage mouse embryos were randomly allocated to culture in either M16 medium (control), or the other two experimental groups which are M16+0.3 mM ammonium chloride or M16-0.6 mM ammonium chloride. (who.int)
Prior exposure to ortho-phthalaldehyde augments IgE-mediated immune responses to didecyldimethylammonium chloride: potential for 2 commonly used antimicrobials to synergistically enhance allergic disease. (cdc.gov)
The antibacterial effect of 0.13% benzalkonium chloride against the biological indicators was observed after five minutes in direct exposure, while cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate had an antibacterial effect against all the microorganisms after 10 minutes. (bvsalud.org)

Benzalkonium Chloride is a kind of cationic surfactant, belonging to nonoxidizing boicide. (ellibrodeloscuentos.com)

Modelled historical concentrations and depositions of ammonia and ammonium in Europe. (cdc.gov)

Ammonium chloride fume is an irritant to the skin and respiratory passages when inhaled and produces mild systemic toxicity when ingested (Sax 1968a/Ex. (cdc.gov)
Benzalkonium Chloride also has dispersing and penetrating properties, can penetrate and remove sludge and algae, has advantages of low toxicity, no toxicity accumulation, soluble in water, convenient in use, unaffected by water hardness. (ellibrodeloscuentos.com)
Chloride toxicity starts as premature yellowing of leaves then it leads to marginal or tip necrosis of older leaves and also bronzing. (maximumyield.com)
Geraniums, lettuce and poinsettias are sensitive to chloride toxicity while carnation, penstemon, tomato and verbena are less sensitive. (maximumyield.com)

No previous OSHA PEL had been established for ammonium chloride fume. (cdc.gov)

Having in mind that silicone may be a possible anchoring structure for the biocide, in the present work the biocide poly (dialyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) diluted in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added to the silicone to produce a material with antibacterial properties. (bvsalud.org)

Serum chloride is helpful in the assessment of normal or high anion gap metabolic acidosis and in making the differentiation between hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism versus hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy (elevated vs low chloride respectively). (medscape.com)

Benzalkonium Chloride can be also used as anti-mildew agent, antistatic agent, emulsifying agent and amendment agent in woven and dyeing fields. (ellibrodeloscuentos.com)
Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of four oral antiseptics (two solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate and benzalkonium chloride) on facultative bacteria using two methods. (bvsalud.org)
Thirty-six 9-mm paper discs were immersed in the experimental solutions (0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, and 0.13% benzalkonium chloride) for 1 minute. (bvsalud.org)
Cetylpyridinium chloride, Chlorhexidine, Benzalkonium. (bvsalud.org)

Evaluation of Performance of Chlorinated Polyethylene Using by H Zhang - Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is a polymer made by replacing H2 molecules in high density-(C2H4)n with chloride ions. (davidantoniocruz.com)

3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride can be obtained by cyanation and hydrolysis (γ-trimethylammonium-β-hydroxybutyric acid). (zhishangchemical.com)
If you want to buy 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, pls contact us to get a free quote. (zhishangchemical.com)

Ammonium chloride is administered to correct severe metabolic alkalosis related to chloride deficiency. (medscape.com)

A solution of 5% ammonium chloride has a pH of around 5 (a weakly acidic solution). (tamingfires.com)
Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. (fujairahchemical.com)

If you mix ammonium chloride with a strong base like NaOH, ammonia gas should evolve. (sciencemadness.org)

Effect of the quaternary ammonium salts, tetraethylammonium halide on Rumex acetosa L., Chenopodium album L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (edu.pl)

Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid, somewhat hygroscopic, with a cool, saline taste. (cdc.gov)
Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid. (tamingfires.com)

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is an antiseptic/disinfectant that is used in many biocidal applications. (mubychem.in)

Anatomy9

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Health Care1

Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilatation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries: a comparison with metabolic inhibition. (1/1184)

Metabolic acidosis-induced retinopathy in the neonatal rat. (2/1184)

Re-activation of the peptidyltransferase centre of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes after inactivation by exposure to low concentrations of magnesium ion. (3/1184)

Reassembly of the peptidyltransferase centre of larger subparticles of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes from a core-particle and split-protein fraction. (4/1184)

Endocytosis of heparin-binding protein (CAP37) is essential for the enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in human monocytes. (5/1184)

MHC class I-restricted presentation of maleylated protein binding to scavenger receptors. (6/1184)

Activation of the proteasomes of sand dollar eggs at fertilization depends on the intracellular pH rise. (7/1184)

Regulation of thick ascending limb ion transporter abundance in response to altered acid/base intake. (8/1184)

Ammonium Chloride

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Chlorides

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Monensin

Chloroquine

Acidosis

Ammonia

Chloride Channels

Lysosomes

Methylamines

Acidosis, Renal Tubular

Ammonium Sulfate

Urinary Calculi

Benzalkonium Compounds

Household Products

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Ricin

Ammonium Compounds

Bicarbonates

Capillary Electrochromatography

Vinyl Chloride

Diphtheria Toxin

Endocytosis

Kinetics

Sodium Chloride

Alkalies

Amantadine

Nitrogen

Glutamine

Nigericin

Urine

Brefeldin A

Macrolides

Polyvinyl Chloride

Cell Line

Urea

Glutaminase

Biological Transport

Vacuoles

Culture Media

Phosphorus

Leupeptins

Triamcinolone Acetonide

Kidney

Ammonium Hydroxide

Cathepsin D

Mercuric Chloride

Calcium

Endosomes

Sodium

Acetates

Membrane Fusion

Cell Membrane

Cells, Cultured

Potassium

Microscopy, Electron

Methylene Chloride

Calcium Chloride

Amino Acids

Molecular Weight

Phagosomes

Temperature

Carbon Dioxide

Lithium Chloride

Time Factors

Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilatation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries: a comparison with metabolic inhibition. (1/1184)

Metabolic acidosis-induced retinopathy in the neonatal rat. (2/1184)

Re-activation of the peptidyltransferase centre of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes after inactivation by exposure to low concentrations of magnesium ion. (3/1184)

Reassembly of the peptidyltransferase centre of larger subparticles of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes from a core-particle and split-protein fraction. (4/1184)

Endocytosis of heparin-binding protein (CAP37) is essential for the enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in human monocytes. (5/1184)

MHC class I-restricted presentation of maleylated protein binding to scavenger receptors. (6/1184)

Activation of the proteasomes of sand dollar eggs at fertilization depends on the intracellular pH rise. (7/1184)

Regulation of thick ascending limb ion transporter abundance in response to altered acid/base intake. (8/1184)

Ammonium chloride, China Ammonium chloride, Ammonium chloride exporters, China Ammonium chloride Suppliers - Tianjin Chem

candy - How Much Ammonium Chloride for Home-made Salt Licorice? - Seasoned Advice

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Effect of ammonium chloride supplementation on urine pH and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes in goats<...

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