Ammonia
Nitrosomonas
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)
Nitrogen
Hyperammonemia
Urea
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
Glutamine
Ammonium Chloride
Nitrogen Radioisotopes
Nitrification
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Manure
Nitrosomonas europaea
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
Rumen
Amino Acids
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
Gills
Glutamate Synthase
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Glutamates
Archaea
Urease
Fatty Acids, Volatile
Acidosis
Nitrogen Isotopes
Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn
Oxidation-Reduction
Air
Oxidoreductases
Bacteria
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Persea
The chemical ecology of Biomphalaria glabrata: the effects of ammonia on the growth rate of juvenile snails. (1/3091)
When juvenile specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata were subjected to concentrations of ammonia ranging from 1-100 mug/ml in various media the following effects were observed: the addition of ammonia to borate buffered media caused mortality. Both borate and tris-buffered media caused a decrease in the growth rate of snails when compared with controls in SSW. The growth rates of the snails could be enhanced by increasing the concentration of ammonia to critical thresholds, but further increases beyond these thresholds resulted in growth inhibition. The toxicity of ammonia in ambient water was augmented by an an increase in pH. The possible causation and ecological significance of these effects are discussed. There are indications that the snails are physiologically well-adapted to utilize ammonia when required and also to control its excretion and uptake from the medium. (+info)Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/3091)
Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with glycine, alanine, valine, serine, and with several other model compounds. Isotopically enriched amino acids were employed so that low concentrations could be utilized while still allowing relatively rapid acquisition of spectral data. The results for alanine and serine are particularly noteworthy in that alanine is deaminated to pyruvate and pyruvate is aminated to alanine, but contrary to the enzymatic reactions of various serine dehydratases wherein serine is converted to pyruvate, the nonenzymatic reaction utilizing serine results in hydroxypruvate rather than pyruvate formation. In the reverse reaction, hydroxypyruvate is aminated to serine but very inefficiently relative to the amination of pyruvate to alanine. The experimental results have been formulated into a proposed reaction mechanism for deamination of amino acids by pyridoxal-P. (+info)RFLP of rRNA genes and sequencing of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: a phylogenetic approach. (3/3091)
It has been established that 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny gives a low resolution between members of the chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) belonging to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. In this study, 12 isolates of AOB were ribotyped, and the sequences of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) were determined and used in a phylogenetic study. 16S and 23S rDNA ribotyping revealed that the AOB studied contain only one rrn operon per genome, in contrast to most bacteria, which have 5-10 copies of the rRNA genes per genome. It is likely that the presence of only one set of rRNA genes is related to the slow growth of the AOB. The 16S and 23S rRNA genes of the AOB were shown to be arranged in the classical way: a 16S rRNA gene, an ISR and a 23S rRNA gene. Despite the close phylogenetic relationship among the AOB, the relative location of the rRNA genes in the genome appears to vary considerably. The size of the ISR was approximately 400 bp in the Nitrosomonas isolates and 645-694 bp in the Nitrosospira isolates, suggesting a species-specific size difference in the ISR. The ISR contained two potential tRNA genes in the 5' end in all isolates studied. The similarity values between the ISR sequences of the AOB are low (42.9-96.2%) compared with the 16S rDNA sequence similarity values, and therefore the ISR sequences are valuable as a complementary phylogenetic tool in combination with 16S rRNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis of the AOB based on ISR sequences confirms the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny but has the benefit of giving a higher resolution. (+info)Contributory and exacerbating roles of gaseous ammonia and organic dust in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis. (4/3091)
Pigs reared commercially indoors are exposed to air heavily contaminated with particulate and gaseous pollutants. Epidemiological surveys have shown an association between the levels of these pollutants and the severity of lesions associated with the upper respiratory tract disease of swine atrophic rhinitis. This study investigated the role of aerial pollutants in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida. Forty, 1-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and divided into eight groups designated A to H. The groups were housed in Rochester exposure chambers and continuously exposed to the following pollutants: ovalbumin (groups A and B), ammonia (groups C and D), ovalbumin plus ammonia (groups E and F), and unpolluted air (groups G and H). The concentrations of pollutants used were 20 mg m-3 total mass and 5 mg m-3 respirable mass for ovalbumin dust and 50 ppm for ammonia. One week after exposure commenced, the pigs in groups A, C, E, and G were infected with P. multocida type D by intranasal inoculation. After 4 weeks of exposure to pollutants, the pigs were killed and the extent of turbinate atrophy was assessed with a morphometric index (MI). Control pigs kept in clean air and not inoculated with P. multocida (group H) had normal turbinate morphology with a mean MI of 41.12% (standard deviation [SD], +/- 1. 59%). In contrast, exposure to pollutants in the absence of P. multocida (groups B, D, and F) induced mild turbinate atrophy with mean MIs of 49.65% (SD, +/-1.96%), 51.04% (SD, +/-2.06%), and 49.88% (SD, +/-3.51%), respectively. A similar level of atrophy was also evoked by inoculation with P. multocida in the absence of pollutants (group G), giving a mean MI of 50.77% (SD, +/-2.07%). However, when P. multocida inoculation was combined with pollutant exposure (groups A, C, and E) moderate to severe turbinate atrophy occurred with mean MIs of 64.93% (SD, +/-4.64%), 59.18% (SD, +/-2.79%), and 73.30% (SD, +/-3.19%), respectively. The severity of atrophy was greatest in pigs exposed simultaneously to dust and ammonia. At the end of the exposure period, higher numbers of P. multocida bacteria were isolated from the tonsils than from the nasal membrane, per gram of tissue. The severity of turbinate atrophy in inoculated pigs was proportional to the number of P. multocida bacteria isolated from tonsils (r2 = 0.909, P < 0.05) and nasal membrane (r2 = 0.628, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that aerial pollutants contribute to the severity of lesions associated with atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig's upper respiratory tract by P. multocida and also by directly evoking mild atrophy. (+info)Helicobacter pylori infection potentiates the inhibition of gastric acid secretion by omeprazole. (5/3091)
BACKGROUND: Omeprazole has a greater intragastric pH elevating effect in Helicobacter pylori positive than negative subjects. Ammonia production by H pylori has been suggested as a probable mechanism. AIMS: To assess the effect of H pylori status on gastric acid secretion during omeprazole treatment, and to examine the possible role of ammonia neutralisation of intragastric acid in increased omeprazole efficacy in infected subjects. METHODS: Twenty H pylori positive and 12 H pylori negative healthy volunteers were examined before and six to eight weeks after commencing omeprazole 40 mg/day. On both occasions plasma gastrin and acid output were measured basally and in response to increasing doses of gastrin 17 (G-17). Gastric juice ammonium concentrations were also measured. RESULTS: Prior to omeprazole, measurements were similar in the H pylori positive and negative subjects. During omeprazole, median basal intragastric pH was higher in the H pylori positive (7.95) versus negative (3.75) subjects (p<0.002). During omeprazole basal, submaximal (180 pmol/kg/h G-17), and maximal acid outputs (800 pmol/kg/h G-17) were lower in H pylori positive subjects (0.0, 3.6, 6.0 mmol/h respectively) versus negative subjects (0.3, 14.2, 18.6 mmol/h) (p<0.03 for each). This effect was not explained by neutralisation by ammonia. CONCLUSION: The presence of H pylori infection leads to a more profound suppression of acid secretion during omeprazole treatment. The effect cannot be explained by neutralisation of intragastric acid by bacterial ammonia production and its precise mechanism has to be explained. (+info)Reciprocal ST-segment depression associated with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation indicates residual viability after myocardial infarction. (6/3091)
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the clinical significance of reciprocal ST-segment depression associated with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation for detecting residual viability within the infarcted area. BACKGROUND: Although the relation between residual viability and exercise-induced ST-segment elevation has been described, there are no reports focusing on the relation between myocardial viability and reciprocal ST-segment depression associated with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. METHODS: We evaluated regional blood flow and glucose utilization using N-13 ammonia (NH3) and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in 30 patients with a previous Q-wave myocardial infarction (anterior in 15, inferior in 15). All subjects had single-vessel disease and had exercise-induced ST-segment elevations (> or =1 mm) in electrocardiographic leads. RESULTS: Reciprocal ST-segment depression (> or =1 mm) was present in 16 patients (Group A; anterior in 6, inferior in 10) but not in the remaining 14 patients (Group B). The degree of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation (1.8+/-0.2 vs. 2.0+/-0.2 mm) and the time from the onset of infarction to the study (75+/-49 vs. 74+/-52 days) did not differ between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in the severity of left ventricular dysfunction and the residual luminal narrowing in the infarct-related artery (45+/-21 vs. 48+/-25%). The presence and site of infarction were confirmed by NH3-PET in all patients. FDG-PET demonstrated residual tissue viability within infarct-related area in all patients in Group A and in 3 (21%) of 14 patients in Group B (p < 0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of reciprocal ST-segment depression associated with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation for detecting residual viability were 84%, 100% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of reciprocal ST-segment depression associated with exercise-induced ST segment elevation in patients with a previous Q-wave infarction who had single-vessel disease indicates residual tissue viability within the infarct-related area. (+info)13N-ammonia myocardial blood flow and uptake: relation to functional outcome of asynergic regions after revascularization. (7/3091)
OBJECTIVES: In this study we determined whether 13N-ammonia uptake measured late after injection provides additional insight into myocardial viability beyond its value as a myocardial blood flow tracer. BACKGROUND: Myocardial accumulation of 13N-ammonia is dependent on both regional blood flow and metabolic trapping. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction underwent prerevascularization 13N-ammonia and 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and thallium single-photon emission computed tomography. Pre- and postrevascularization wall-motion abnormalities were assessed using gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or gated radionuclide angiography. RESULTS: Wall motion improved in 61 of 107 (57%) initially asynergic regions and remained abnormal in 46 after revascularization. Mean absolute myocardial blood flow was significantly higher in regions that improved compared to regions that did not improve after revascularization (0.63+/-0.27 vs. 0.52+/-0.25 ml/min/g, p < 0.04). Similarly, the magnitude of late 13N-ammonia uptake and FDG uptake was significantly higher in regions that improved (90+/-20% and 94+/-25%, respectively) compared to regions that did not improve after revascularization (67+/-24% and 71+/-25%, p < 0.001 for both, respectively). However, late 13N-ammonia uptake was a significantly better predictor of functional improvement after revascularization (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve = 0.79) when compared to absolute blood flow (area under the ROC curve = 0.63, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a linear relationship between late 13N-ammonia uptake and FDG uptake (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) as well as thallium uptake (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) in all asynergic regions. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that beyond its value as a perfusion tracer, late 13N-ammonia uptake provides useful information regarding functional recovery after revascularization. The parallel relationship among 13N-ammonia, FDG, and thallium uptake supports the concept that uptake of 13N-ammonia as measured from the late images may provide important insight regarding cell membrane integrity and myocardial viability. (+info)The rostral ventrolateral medulla mediates the sympathoactivation produced by chemical stimulation of the rat nasal mucosa. (8/3091)
1. We sought to outline the brainstem circuit responsible for the increase in sympathetic tone caused by chemical stimulation of the nasal passages with ammonia vapour. Experiments were performed in alpha-chloralose-anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated rats. 2. Stimulation of the nasal mucosa increased splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), elevated arterial blood pressure (ABP), raised heart rate slightly and inhibited phrenic nerve discharge. 3. Bilateral injections of the broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenate (Kyn) into the rostral part of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM; rostral C1 area) greatly reduced the effects of nasal mucosa stimulation on SND (-80 %). These injections had no effect on resting ABP, resting SND or the sympathetic baroreflex. 4. Bilateral injections of Kyn into the ventrolateral medulla at the level of the obex (caudal C1 area) or into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) greatly attenuated the baroreflex and significantly increased the baseline levels of both SND and ABP. However they did not reduce the effect of nasal mucosa stimulation on SND. 5. Single-unit recordings were made from 39 putative sympathoexcitatory neurons within the rostral C1 area. Most neurons (24 of 39) were activated by nasal mucosa stimulation (+65.8 % rise in discharge rate). Responding neurons had a wide range of conduction velocities and included slow-conducting neurons identified previously as C1 cells. The remaining putative sympathoexcitatory neurons were either unaffected (n = 8 neurons) or inhibited (n = 7) during nasal stimulation. We also recorded from ten respiratory-related neurons, all of which were silenced by nasal stimulation. 6. In conclusion, the sympathoexcitatory response to nasal stimulation is largely due to activation of bulbospinal presympathetic neurons within the RVLM. We suggest that these neurons receive convergent and directionally opposite polysynaptic inputs from arterial baroreceptors and trigeminal afferents. These inputs are integrated within the rostral C1 area as opposed to the NTS or the caudal C1 area. (+info)Causes of Hyperammonemia:
1. Liver disease or failure: The liver is responsible for filtering out ammonia, so if it is not functioning properly, ammonia levels can rise.
2. Urea cycle disorders: These are genetic conditions that affect the body's ability to break down protein and produce urea. As a result, ammonia can build up in the bloodstream.
3. Inborn errors of metabolism: Certain inherited disorders can lead to hyperammonemia by affecting the body's ability to process ammonia.
4. Sepsis: Severe infections can cause inflammation in the body, which can lead to hyperammonemia.
5. Kidney disease or failure: If the kidneys are not functioning properly, they may be unable to remove excess ammonia from the bloodstream, leading to hyperammonemia.
Symptoms of Hyperammonemia:
1. Lethargy and confusion
2. Seizures
3. Coma
4. Vomiting
5. Diarrhea
6. Decreased appetite
7. Weight loss
8. Fatigue
9. Headache
10. Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis of Hyperammonemia:
1. Blood tests: Measurement of ammonia levels in the blood is the most common method used to diagnose hyperammonemia.
2. Urine tests: Measurement of urea levels in the urine can help determine if the body is able to produce and excrete urea normally.
3. Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans may be ordered to look for any underlying liver or kidney damage.
4. Genetic testing: If the cause of hyperammonemia is suspected to be a genetic disorder, genetic testing may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Hyperammonemia:
1. Dietary changes: A low-protein diet and avoiding high-aminogram foods can help reduce ammonia production in the body.
2. Medications: Medications such as sodium benzoate, sodium phenylbutyrate, and ribavirin may be used to reduce ammonia production or increase urea production.
3. Dialysis: In severe cases of hyperammonemia, dialysis may be necessary to remove excess ammonia from the blood.
4. Liver transplantation: In cases where the cause of hyperammonemia is liver disease, a liver transplant may be necessary.
5. Nutritional support: Providing adequate nutrition and hydration can help support the body's metabolic processes and prevent complications of hyperammonemia.
Complications of Hyperammonemia:
1. Brain damage: Prolonged elevated ammonia levels in the blood can cause brain damage, leading to cognitive impairment, seizures, and coma.
2. Respiratory failure: Severe hyperammonemia can lead to respiratory failure, which can be life-threatening.
3. Cardiac complications: Hyperammonemia can cause cardiac complications such as arrhythmias and heart failure.
4. Kidney damage: Prolonged elevated ammonia levels in the blood can cause kidney damage and failure.
5. Infections: People with hyperammonemia may be more susceptible to infections due to impaired immune function.
In conclusion, hyperammonemia is a serious condition that can have severe consequences if left untreated. It is essential to identify the underlying cause of hyperammonemia and provide appropriate treatment to prevent complications. Early detection and management of hyperammonemia can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term sequelae.
This condition is most commonly seen in people with advanced liver disease, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. It can also be caused by other conditions that affect the liver, such as hepatitis or portal hypertension.
Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy can include confusion, disorientation, slurred speech, memory loss, and difficulty with coordination and balance. In severe cases, it can lead to coma or even death.
Diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests and imaging studies. Treatment options include medications to reduce the production of ammonia in the gut, antibiotics to treat any underlying infections, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to improve liver function. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.
Overall, hepatic encephalopathy is a serious condition that can have significant impact on quality of life and survival in people with advanced liver disease. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes.
There are several types of acidosis, including:
1. Respiratory acidosis: This occurs when the lung's ability to remove carbon dioxide from the blood is impaired, leading to an increase in blood acidity.
2. Metabolic acidosis: This type of acidosis occurs when there is an excessive production of acid in the body due to factors such as diabetes, starvation, or kidney disease.
3. Mixed acidosis: This type of acidosis is a combination of respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
4. Severe acute respiratory acidosis (SARA): This is a life-threatening condition that occurs suddenly, usually due to a severe lung injury or aspiration of a corrosive substance.
The symptoms of acidosis can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
1. Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Confusion
4. Headaches
5. Nausea and vomiting
6. Abdominal pain
7. Difficulty breathing
8. Rapid heart rate
9. Muscle twitching
If left untreated, acidosis can lead to complications such as:
1. Kidney damage
2. Seizures
3. Coma
4. Heart arrhythmias
5. Respiratory failure
Treatment of acidosis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Some common treatments include:
1. Oxygen therapy
2. Medications to help regulate breathing and heart rate
3. Fluid and electrolyte replacement
4. Dietary changes
5. Surgery, in severe cases.
In conclusion, acidosis is a serious medical condition that can have severe consequences if left untreated. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect that you or someone else may have acidosis. With prompt and appropriate treatment, it is possible to effectively manage the condition and prevent complications.
The primary symptoms of UCDs vary depending on the specific disorder but may include poor feeding, vomiting, seizures, lethargy, confusion, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis of UCDs typically involves a combination of clinical presentation, laboratory tests such as blood ammonia levels, and genetic analysis. Treatment for UCDs includes dietary modifications, medication to reduce ammonia production in the body, and in some cases, liver transplantation.
UCDs are rare and affect approximately 1 in 8,500 people worldwide. They can affect individuals of all ages and backgrounds, although some types of UCDs are more common in specific populations or ethnic groups. Early detection and treatment of UCDs are critical to preventing long-term cognitive and physical disability and improving outcomes for affected individuals.
Ammonia
Ammonia fuming
Ammonia Avenue
SF Ammonia
Ammonia monooxygenase
Ammonia production
Ammonia pollution
Ammonia transporter
Ammonia (band)
Ammonia fountain
Ammonia kinase
Ammonia solution
Hera Ammonia
Ammonia poisoning
Ammonia (disambiguation)
Ammonia (13N)
Ammonia fungi
Ammonia tepida
Ammonia (genus)
Ammonia borane
Ammonia cookie
Tyrosine ammonia-lyase
Aspartate-ammonia ligase
Diphthine-ammonia ligase
Dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase
Ammonia (data page)
Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase
Sumykhimprom ammonia leak
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Ammonia | NIOSH | CDC
Ammonia | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Ammonia poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Ammonia poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
CDC | Case Definition: Ammonia
DailyMed - AMMONIA INHALANTS inhalant
Rotation-Tunneling Spectrum of the Deuterated Ammonia Dimer | NIST
Ammonia electrode membrane caps - HORIBA
Hidden cost of U.S. agricultural exports: particulate matter from ammonia emissions
Ammonia on Pluto's surface points to liquid water underground | Astronomy.com
Water Quality Management of Ammonia Under Uncertainty
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: AMMONIA "N-13"
Spacewalk needed to fix ammonia leak on International Space Station - Macleans.ca
Navigator Gas awarded DNV AiP for new ammonia fuelled gas carrier design
Mission Possible: New decarbonisation strategies for aluminium, ammonia, and steel unveiled | BusinessGreen News
Exclusive-Ukraine would only allow Russian ammonia exports if gets expanded grain deal
Ostwald Oxidation of Ammonia | Flinn Scientific
Modelling of ammonia volatilisation in fertilised and flooded rice systems - WUR
CDC | Case Definition: Ammonia
Ammonia plant - WIKA USA - WIKA
Ammonia and Fertilisers (examples, answers, activities, experiment, videos)
10 Smart Ways to Use Ammonia - Bob Vila
Browsing Conference of the Parties by Subject "Ammonia"
German thyssenkrupp awarded contract for blue ammonia plant
from QAFCO | ICIS
Stable isotopes measured on Ammonia beccarii from sediment core GIK12594-2
Ammonia in transporting hydrogen | Frontier Economics
Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) - Live Hauling of Fish | InPort
Taxonomy browser (ammonia-oxidizing enrichment culture)
Defrost Condensate AMMONIA Pipe Marker | Graphic Products
Liquid ammonia4
- This kind of ammonia is called liquid ammonia or aqueous ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- Once exposed to open air, liquid ammonia quickly turns into a gas. (cdc.gov)
- If the gas is dissolved in water, it is called liquid ammonia. (nih.gov)
- Saturation (boiling pressures) of liquid ammonia at different temperatures are indicated in the figures below. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
Refrigerant11
- Ammonia was first used as a refrigerant in the 1850s in France and was applied in the United States in the 1860s for artificial ice production. (iiar.org)
- How long has ammonia been used as a refrigerant? (iiar.org)
- Ammonia was among the early refrigerants used in mechanical systems, and it's the only one of the early refrigerants to secure a lasting role as a refrigerant. (iiar.org)
- The basic design of the vapor compressor refrigeration system, using ammonia as a refrigerant in a closed cycle of evaporation, compression, condensation, and expansion, has changed very little since the early 1900s. (iiar.org)
- Why is ammonia referred to as a natural refrigerant? (iiar.org)
- Ammonia has been around forever as a refrigerant, though not in such tiny quantities. (r744.com)
- Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a well-known refrigerant, particularly applicable in large, industrial plants where its advantages can be fully utilized without compromising safety. (danfoss.com)
- Ammonia is a highly efficient refrigerant, with a theoretical efficiency slightly higher than that of R134a or propane. (danfoss.com)
- One way of accommodating the safety issues is to use ammonia as a refrigerant in combination with CO 2 for medium or high temperatures or in cascade applications for low temperatures. (danfoss.com)
- Ammonia is a natural refrigerant. (danfoss.com)
- Ammonia is an inexpensive and abundantly available refrigerant. (danfoss.com)
Aqueous ammonia1
- Useful search terms for ammonia include "anhydrous ammonia," "aqua ammonia,"and "aqueous ammonia. (cdc.gov)
Hydrogen9
- Since our discussions began, we have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of projects around the globe looking at Hydrogen and Ammonia as carbon free source of energy. (dnv.com)
- Ammonia was first synthesized in 1823 by reacting air and hydrogen. (iiar.org)
- Ammonia is a common, naturally occurring compound in the environment that breaks down naturally into hydrogen and nitrogen molecules (the atmosphere consists of nearly 80% nitrogen and hydrogen). (iiar.org)
- Ammonia is made up of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen, with the chemical symbol NH3. (iiar.org)
- How ammonia can be formed by sparking a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen? (onlinemathlearning.com)
- Nitrogen and hydrogen are combined to make ammonia. (onlinemathlearning.com)
- The ongoing trust of our esteemed customer clearly shows that we can deliver solutions for the rising demand in clean ammonia, be it blue or green, be it as fertilizer or as transport medium for hydrogen," said Cord Landsmann thyssenkrupp Uhde CEO. (icis.com)
- By ship, transporting hydrogen in the form of ammonia is currently the best alternative, given its costs, maturity and existing infrastructure, to meet Europe's objective of importing 10 million tonnes of hydrogen by 2030. (frontier-economics.com)
- All these factors suggest that a competitive and reliable hydrogen supply combines pipelines and transport by ship in the form of ammonia, similarly to the current supply of natural gas. (frontier-economics.com)
Exposure20
- Workers may be harmed from exposure to ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS Publication No. 74-136 (1974) - Contains a standard for mitigation of exposure to ammonia to prevent adverse effects over a working lifetime. (cdc.gov)
- Exposure to high levels of ammonia can cause irritation and serious burns on the skin and in the mouth, throat, lungs, and eyes. (cdc.gov)
- Exposure to high levels of ammonia in air may be irritating to your skin, eyes, throat, and lungs and cause coughing and burns. (cdc.gov)
- Lung damage and death may occur after exposure to very high concentrations of ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- We do not know if exposure to ammonia causes birth defects, or if it can pass to the fetus across the placenta or to infants via breast milk. (cdc.gov)
- How can families reduce the risk of exposure to ammonia? (cdc.gov)
- Minimize exposure to ammonia in the workplace by wearing proper safety clothes and equipment, and by following safety rules. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia is a colorless gas with a very exposure for general population by the dose (how much), the Ammonia is an upper respiratory irritant sharp odor. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia in the Environment for acute-duration inhalation exposure airborne ammonia or ammonia fertilizer. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia is recycled naturally and does dissolved in water and exposure can not last very long in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- No biologic marker is readily available for ammonia exposure or poisoning. (cdc.gov)
- A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for ammonia exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
- Prevent the chances of deadly ammonia exposure and protect employees with five-partDefrost Condensate Ammonia Pipe Marker. (graphicproducts.com)
- The aim of this study was to examine predictors of ammonia exposure and hyperammonemic crises in patients with urea cycle disorders . (bvsalud.org)
- The relationships between fasting ammonia , daily ammonia exposure, and hyperammonemic crises were analyzed in >100 patients with urea cycle disorders . (bvsalud.org)
- A 10- or 25-µmol/l increase in ammonia exposure increased the relative risk of a hyperammonemic crisis by 50 and >200% (P (bvsalud.org)
- Fasting glutamine correlated weakly with daily ammonia exposure assessed as 24-hour area under the curve and was not a significant predictor of hyperammonemic crisis. (bvsalud.org)
- Fasting ammonia correlates strongly and positively with daily ammonia exposure and with the risk and rate of hyperammonemic crises, suggesting that patients with urea cycle disorder may benefit from tight ammonia control. (bvsalud.org)
Evidence that ammonia2
- There is no evidence that ammonia causes cancer. (cdc.gov)
- In practice, there is evidence that ammonia systems perform even better than in theory. (danfoss.com)
Colorless gas2
Fertilizer1
- Influence of field environment and fertilizer management on ammonia loss from flooded rice. (wur.nl)
Concentrations2
- No health effects have been found in humans exposed to typical environmental concentrations of ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- The WorkSafeBC report says a pinhole developed in the aging equipment that led to the release of lethal concentrations of ammonia, confirming findings released earlier by Technical Safety BC. (canadianmanufacturing.com)
Electrode1
- Total ammonia nitrogen will be measured using an Orion Ammonia electrode, calibrated daily with standard solutions (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/Liter), and results expressed as mg/Liter TAN. (noaa.gov)
Ammonium2
Chlorine1
- The most important safety rule to remember is: Never mix ammonia with chlorine bleach. (bobvila.com)
Fertilisers1
- The Black Sea Grain Initiative brokered by Turkey and the United Nations in July last year facilitates 'the safe navigation for the export of grain and related foodstuffs and fertilisers, including ammonia' from three Ukrainian ports. (yahoo.com)
Exposures occur1
- Children are less likely than adults to be exposed to concentrated levels of ammonia because most exposures occur at work. (cdc.gov)
Refrigeration system2
- Practically all fruits, vegetables, produce and meats, as well as many beverages and juices, pass through at least one facility that uses an ammonia refrigeration system before reaching our homes. (iiar.org)
- Outfit your facility`s refrigeration system with Defrost Condensate Ammonia Pipe Marker, or HGD ammonia pipe markers to convey important information about pipe contents and associated hazards. (graphicproducts.com)
Refrigerants1
- The operating pressures of ammonia are comparable to those of other common refrigerants (HFCs and HCs) and it has a relatively high normal boiling point (-33.3 °C). Ammonia has high volumetric capacity, so ammonia pipe lines are smaller than HFC pipe lines. (danfoss.com)
Household and industrial cleaners3
Cleaners1
- Make sure there is adequate ventilation when you use cleaners that contain ammonia, and wear proper clothing and eye protection. (cdc.gov)
Fertilizers4
- Ammonia is applied directly into soil on farm fields, and is used to make fertilizers for farm crops, lawns, and plants. (cdc.gov)
- You may be exposed to higher levels if you apply ammonia fertilizers or live near farms where these fertilizers have been applied. (cdc.gov)
- Avoid farm fields after they have been treated with ammonia or ammonia-containing fertilizers. (cdc.gov)
- Farmers may also be exposed to ammonia during the application of fertilizers on fields. (cdc.gov)
Commercially2
- In this context, we have already announced that we expect to be make a dual-fuel, two-stroke ammonia engine commercially available for large-scale ocean-going ships by 2024, followed by a retrofit package to make existing maritime vessels capable of running on ammonia by 2025," said Thomas S. Hansen, Head of Promotion and Customer Support, MAN Energy Solutions. (dnv.com)
- By the 1900s, ammonia refrigeration machines were being commercially installed in block ice, food processing, and chemical production facilities. (iiar.org)
North America1
- Approximately 18 million metric tons of ammonia are produced annually in North America alone, and of this amount, less than two percent is used for refrigeration. (iiar.org)
Leak2
- Using cameras and data from ground crews, members of the International Space Station were able to determine that the rate of the ammonia leak was increasing. (macleans.ca)
- were killed as they investigated the ammonia leak in the early hours of Oct. 17. (canadianmanufacturing.com)
Thermodynamic2
- Ammonia is renowned for its favorable thermodynamic properties. (danfoss.com)
- These applications are high capacity charges however, there are on-going efforts to develop low-charge ammonia systems in order to take further advantage of the beneficial thermodynamic and environmental properties of ammonia. (danfoss.com)
Carcinogenicity1
- The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the EPA, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), have not classified ammonia for carcinogenicity. (cdc.gov)
Water19
- Ammonia (NH3) is found throughout the environment in the air, soil, and water, and in plants and animals, including humans. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia gas can be dissolved in water. (cdc.gov)
- Everyone is exposed to low levels of naturally-occurring ammonia in air, food, water, and soil. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia or water, or through dermal contact. (cdc.gov)
- up ammonia in soil and water. (cdc.gov)
- Signs of ammonia on Pluto's surface may hint at liquid water underground. (astronomy.com)
- Intriguingly, the ammonia lines up with a cracked region called Virgil Fossae, which has mounds of water ice and shows signs of past tectonic activity. (astronomy.com)
- Because ammonia is eventually destroyed in environments like Pluto's, the researchers are taking this as a sign that the activity might be recent - and that means there's likely still liquid water underground to cause the disturbances. (astronomy.com)
- The trenchlike Virgil Fossae shows up purple and blue in spectral images, indicating the presence of ammonia and water ice mixed together, matching the regions that are most red in the middle image. (astronomy.com)
- Ammonia mixed into water lowers its freezing point. (astronomy.com)
- Ammonia can be found in water, soil, and air, and is a source of much needed nitrogen for plants and animals. (iiar.org)
- Even diluted in water, as is recommended for most cleaning purposes, ammonia can still be harmful. (bobvila.com)
- Mix 1 cup ammonia with 1 gallon of water in a bucket and apply it to the stains using a big sponge or mop. (bobvila.com)
- To achieve streak-free mirrors , windows, and crystal, mix 1 tablespoon clear ammonia with 2 cups water in a spray bottle. (bobvila.com)
- Stubborn stains on cotton, polyester, or nylon fabrics are no match for a solution of ⅔ cup clear ammonia, ⅔ cup dish soap, 6 tablespoons of baking soda, and 2 cups warm water. (bobvila.com)
- If this proves too diluted for tougher stains like blood or grass, pretreat again with a solution of one part ammonia and one part warm water. (bobvila.com)
- Once the gunk is gone, thoroughly rinse the burners with water to get rid of ammonia residue. (bobvila.com)
- Mix one part clear ammonia and one part hot water in a sprayer or other bottle. (bobvila.com)
- Some common stressors include harvest and loading procedures (pumping or out of water transfer), shaking as the transport vehicle is moving, low frequency sound from the vehicle and water treatment systems, crowding, and poor water quality (high ammonia and carbon dioxide levels, low dissolved oxygen), high light levels, or extreme water temperature. (noaa.gov)
Aluminium2
- Some of the world's hardest-to-abate and most carbon-intensive industries, including the production of aluminium, ammonia and steel sectors, have this week provided further details on how they could decarbonise in line with global climate goals. (businessgreen.com)
- The group this week released two new STS reports for aluminium and ammonia, as well as an updated steel strategy. (businessgreen.com)
Naturally2
Chemical4
- If you work in an industry that uses ammonia, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheet for hazard information. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia refrigeration is also used in the chemical industry. (iiar.org)
- Pure chemical ammonia can cause severe burns and respiratory issues if it comes into contact with skin or is ingested. (bobvila.com)
- Always be sure to wear chemical resistant gloves and ventilate the area well when using ammonia. (bobvila.com)
Urine1
- There are tests to measure ammonia in blood and urine. (cdc.gov)
Large quantities2
- Since large quantities of ammonia are already transported around the world, it is a well-established commodity and using it to power ships would be a natural step. (dnv.com)
- With our well-proven uhde dual pressure technology, clean ammonia can be produced in large quantities and we are very proud to be QatarEnergy's and QAFCO's partner in this lighthouse project. (icis.com)
Scientific1
- Immediately Dangerous to LIfe or Health (IDLH) Value of ammonia - NIOSH reviews scientific data and researches methods for developing IDLH values. (cdc.gov)
Bleach3
- WARNING: Never mix ammonia with bleach. (nih.gov)
- It's crucial to keep this in mind if using ammonia with laundry or to clean surfaces, making sure not to mix it with a detergent or household cleaner that contains bleach. (bobvila.com)
- And remember never to mix ammonia with any laundry products containing bleach. (bobvila.com)
Levels9
- Very high levels of ammonia can damage the lungs or cause death. (cdc.gov)
- At very high levels, ammonia can even cause death. (cdc.gov)
- You may be exposed to higher levels during use of cleaning products containing ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- Levels of ammonia in the blood of volcanic eruptions. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia Levels What is an ammonia levels test? (nih.gov)
- Why do I need an ammonia levels test? (nih.gov)
- a disorder that causes abnormally high levels of ammonia to accumulate in the blood. (nih.gov)
- Even with strict regulation in place to secure safety in operation, there is pressure on ammonia installations to reduce charge levels, especially when situated in populated areas. (danfoss.com)
- Hi, I did a 75% wc on both my tanks and I noticed this morning that my ammonia levels are up to 1 from 0. (barrreport.com)
Occur2
Carbon4
- We have also been engaging with our customers and business partners to discuss their carbon free shipping requirements for transporting Blue/Green Ammonia to their customers. (dnv.com)
- Obtaining an AiP from DNV for an Ammonia fuelled vessels is the first step in preparing Navigator Gas to meet the future demands of our customers and to reduce our carbon footprint through lower greenhouse gas emissions. (dnv.com)
- In the longer term, using Ammonia as fuel is one of Alternative Fuels options we are pursuing, along with CCS, Carbon Offsetting and improved Vessel Optimisation to reduce our carbon footprint and lower greenhouse gas emissions. (dnv.com)
- Here, several zero-carbon fuels offer significant potential, with ammonia of especial interest. (dnv.com)
Annually1
- Russia, a major ammonia exporter, has pressed for ammonia supplies to resume through a pipeline from Russia's Togliati to the Black Sea port of Pivdennyi, near Odesa, which is designed to pump up to 2.5 million tonnes of ammonia annually. (yahoo.com)
Temperatures2
- Planetary researchers have long posited that a liquid ocean with a healthy dollop of ammonia - something like a third of the mixture - would stay liquid even though Pluto's surface, far from the sun, is frigid and well below normal freezing temperatures. (astronomy.com)
- By contrast, ammonia systems are unaffected by high ambient temperatures. (r744.com)
Environmental2
Products2
Toxic2
- These pressure-sensitive vinyl pipe labels exceed the ANSI A13.1 pipe marking standard that is the preferred presentation for pipes carrying toxic contents, such as ammonia. (graphicproducts.com)
- First, if you are using SeaChem's Prime, the ammonia is probably in a non-toxic form that is still read by most Ammonia test kits. (barrreport.com)
Industries3
- Ammonia is used in many industries. (cdc.gov)
- Ammonia refrigeration has been the backbone of the cold storage and food processing industries since the early 1900s. (iiar.org)
- In the ammonia sector, CF Industries, BASF, SABIC and Yara, as well as renewable energy providers Ørsted, Iberdrola, and ACWA Power also backed the proposed plans. (businessgreen.com)
Found4
- Bacteria found in the intestines can produce ammonia. (cdc.gov)
- These tests can not definitely determine whether you have been exposed because ammonia is normally found in our bodies. (cdc.gov)
- They found a strong sign of ammonia. (astronomy.com)
- Recently, air conditioning provided by ammonia refrigeration systems has found applications on college campuses and office parks, small scale buildings such as convenience stores, and larger office buildings. (iiar.org)
Odor1
- You'll also find ammonia that's scented with lemon or pine to temper the stinging odor. (bobvila.com)
Environment3
Strength1
- Damage is related to the amount and strength (concentration) of the ammonia. (nih.gov)
Pounds1
- The Piggly Wiggly store uses an ultra-low charge (53 pounds) of ammonia -- less than any of the other NH 3 /CO 2 stores - which is confined to the roof in the ammonia rack. (r744.com)
Practice1
- Practice these precautions as you put ammonia to work at the 10 tasks here-and enjoy a spotless home for pennies! (bobvila.com)
Personnel1
- Service personnel on site must have appropriate training to handle ammonia in order to ensure safe operation of the system. (danfoss.com)
Systems5
- This ammonia as a fuel concept design is supported by Babcock LGE's operational experience of delivering Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel supply systems and carrying ammonia as a cargo on gas carriers, meaning specific issues occurring when utilising ammonia as a fuel are well understood, resulting in an inherently safe design. (dnv.com)
- In Europe, where regulatory regimes have encouraged new applications, ammonia refrigeration systems are used safely for air conditioning in hospitals, public buildings, airports, and hotels. (iiar.org)
- Estimates of ammonia (NH3) volatilisation in fertilised and flooded rice systems range from 2 % to 60 % of total N applied. (wur.nl)
- In addition, ammonia is lighter than oil, which makes oil return systems fairly simple. (danfoss.com)
- Some of the efforts undertaken by Danfoss and research partners are to develop low-charge systems with new, advanced control algorithms, further development of ammonia-optimized heat exchangers, DX systems and new cascade systems with CO 2 . (danfoss.com)
Plants1
- Ammonia does not build up in the food chain, but serves as a nutrient for plants and bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Burns2
Copper1
- Ammonia is compatible with all common materials except copper and brass. (danfoss.com)