Amitrole
A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.
Pesticide Residues
Lethal Dose 50
Carbonates
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Sodium Bicarbonate
Pesticides
United States Indian Health Service
Indians, North American
Federal Government
Health Services, Indigenous
Maximum Allowable Concentration
The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)
Occupational Exposure
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Hazardous Substances
2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-
Flatfishes
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Sound
Role of antioxidant defenses against ethanol-induced damage in cultured rat gastric epithelial cells. (1/160)
Reactive oxygen species appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in vivo. Because ingested ethanol diffuses into the gastric mucosa, targeting both epithelium and endothelium, in the present study we examined the possible protective effect of antioxidants on ethanol damage in gastric epithelial cells and endothelial cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity by ethanol was quantified by measuring 51Cr release. The effects of impairment of the glutathione redox cycle and of inhibition of cellular catalase were examined. The generation of superoxide was assessed by the reduction in cytochrome c. Ethanol caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in 51Cr release from epithelial cells. Incubation of cells with DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, while reducing glutathione production, dose dependently enhanced ethanol-induced injury. 1,3-Bis(chloroethyl)-nitrosourea, while inhibiting glutathione reductase activity, also sensitized cells to ethanol. In contrast, the inhibition of catalase with 3-amino-1,2, 4-triazole did not alter the susceptibility of epithelial cells to ethanol. Ethanol induced damage to endothelial cells in a similar fashion. In endothelial cells, however, neither impairment of the glutathione cycle nor inhibition of catalase influenced ethanol-induced damage. Epithelial cells, when exposed to ethanol, increased superoxide production as a function of ethanol concentration, whereas endothelial cells did not. The glutathione redox cycle, but not cellular catalase, plays a critical role in protecting epithelial cells against ethanol damage, whereas neither antioxidant seems to play a role in protection of endothelial cells. The distinct difference in antioxidant protection against ethanol appears to depend on the capability of each cell to produce cytotoxic oxygen species in response to ethanol exposure. (+info)Reactive oxygen species participate in mdr1b mRNA and P-glycoprotein overexpression in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. (2/160)
P-glycoproteins encoded by multidrug resistance type 1 (mdr1) genes mediate ATP-dependent efflux of numerous lipophilic xenobiotics, including several anticancer drugs, from cells. Overexpression of mdr1-type transporters in tumour cells contributes to a multidrug resistance phenotype. Several factors shown to induce mdr1 overexpression (UV irradiation, epidermal growth factor, tumour necrosis factor alpha, doxorubicin) have been associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, primary rat hepatocyte cultures that exhibit time-dependent overexpression of the mdr1b gene were used as a model system to investigate whether ROS might participate in the regulation of intrinsic mdr1b overexpression. Addition of H2O2 to the culture medium resulted in a significant increase in mdrlb mRNA and P-glycoprotein after 3 days of culture, with maximal (approximately 2-fold) induction being observed with 0.5-1 mM H2O2. Furthermore, H2O2 led to activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks, indicating that ROS reached the nuclear compartment. Thus, extracellularly applied H2O2 elicited intracellular effects. Treatment of rat hepatocytes with the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2-4 mM for 72 h or 10 mM for 1 h following the hepatocyte attachment period) also led to an up-regulation of mdrlb mRNA and P-glycoprotein expression. Conversely, antioxidants (1 mM ascorbate, 10 mM mannitol, 2% dimethyl sulphoxide, 10 mM N-acetylcysteine) markedly suppressed intrinsic mdr1b mRNA and P-glycoprotein overexpression. Intracellular steady-state levels of the mdrl substrate rhodamine 123, determined as parameter of mdr1-type transport activity, indicated that mdr1-dependent efflux was increased in hepatocytes pretreated with H2O2 or aminotriazole and decreased in antioxidant-treated cells. The induction of mdr1b mRNA and of functionally active mdr1-type P-glycoproteins by elevation in intracellular ROS levels and the repression of intrinsic mdrlb mRNA and P-glycoprotein overexpression by antioxidant compounds support the conclusion that the expression of the mdr1b P-glycoprotein is regulated in a redox-sensitive manner. (+info)Susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity of root nodule bacteria. (3/160)
The root nodule bacteria (free-living cells) tested had higher susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than the other genera of aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria tested. The catalase activities tended to have a positive correlation with H2O2 resistance among all bacteria tested. Addition of a catalase inhibitor such as 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole increased the susceptibility to H2O2. These results suggest that the lower catalase activity brings about the higher susceptibility of root nodule bacteria to H2O2. Root nodule bacteria seemed to have two or three catalase isozymes during growth and their catalase activities were higher in log phase than in stationary phase, contrary to other genera of bacteria tested. (+info)A TATA-binding protein mutant defective for TFIID complex formation in vivo. (4/160)
Using an intragenic complementation screen, we have identified a temperature-sensitive TATA-binding protein (TBP) mutant (K151L, K156Y) that is defective for interaction with certain yeast TBP-associated factors (TAFs) at the restrictive temperature. The K151L,K156Y mutant appears to be functional for RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and Pol III transcription, and it is capable of supporting Gal4-activated and Gcn4-activated transcription by Pol II. However, transcription from certain TATA-containing and TATA-less Pol II promoters is reduced at the restrictive temperature. Immunoprecipitation analysis of extracts prepared after culturing cells at the restrictive temperature for 1 h indicates that the K151L,K156Y derivative is severely compromised in its ability to interact with TAF130, TAF90, TAF68/61, and TAF25 while remaining functional for interaction with TAF60 and TAF30. Thus, a TBP mutant that is compromised in its ability to form TFIID can support the response to Gcn4 but is defective for transcription from specific promoters in vivo. (+info)Generation of reactive oxygen species by human mesothelioma cells. (5/160)
Malignant mesothelioma cells contain elevated levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and are highly resistant to oxidants compared to non-malignant mesothelial cells. Since the level of cellular free radicals may be important for cell survival, we hypothesized that the increase of MnSOD in the mitochondria of mesothelioma cells may alter the free radical levels of these organelles. First, MnSOD activity was compared to the activities of two constitutive mitochondrial enzymes; MnSOD activity was 20 times higher in the mesothelioma cells than in the mesothelial cells, whereas the activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase did not differ significantly in the two cell lines. This indicates that the activity of MnSOD per mitochondrion was increased in the mesothelioma cells. Superoxide production was assayed in the isolated mitochondria of these cells using lucigenin chemiluminescence. Mitochondrial superoxide levels were significantly lower (72%) in the mesothelioma cells compared to the mesothelial cells. Oxidant production in intact cells, assayed by fluorimetry using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein as a fluorescent probe, did not differ significantly between these cells. We conclude that mitochondrial superoxide levels are lower in mesothelioma cells compared to nonmalignant mesothelial cells, and that this difference may be explained by higher MnSOD activity in the mitochondria of these cells. Oxidant production was not different in these cells, which may be due to the previously observed increase in H2O2-scavenging mechanisms of mesothelioma cells. (+info)Arsenic trioxide selectively induces acute promyelocytic leukemia cell apoptosis via a hydrogen peroxide-dependent pathway. (6/160)
Low concentrations of As(2)O(3) (+info)Role of megalin (gp330) in transcytosis of thyroglobulin by thyroid cells. A novel function in the control of thyroid hormone release. (7/160)
When thyroglobulin (Tg) is endocytosed by thyrocytes and transported to lysosomes, thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) are released. However, some internalized Tg is transcytosed intact into the bloodstream, thereby avoiding proteolytic cleavage. Here we show that megalin (gp330), a Tg receptor on thyroid cells, plays a role in Tg transcytosis. Following incubation with exogenous rat Tg at 37 degrees C, Fisher rat thyroid (FRTL-5) cells, a differentiated thyroid cell line, released T3 into the medium. However, when cells were incubated with Tg plus either of two megalin competitors, T3 release was increased, suggesting that Tg internalized by megalin bypassed the lysosomal pathway, possibly with release of undegraded Tg from cells. To assess this possibility, we performed experiments in which FRTL-5 cells were incubated with either unlabeled or (125)I-labeled Tg at 37 degrees C to allow internalization, treated with heparin to remove cell surface-bound Tg, and further incubated at 37 degrees C to allow Tg release. Intact 330-kDa Tg was released into the medium, and the amount released was markedly reduced by megalin competitors. To investigate whether Tg release resulted from transcytosis, we studied FRTL-5 cells cultured as polarized layers with tight junctions on permeable filters in the upper chamber of dual chambered devices. Following the addition of Tg to the upper chamber and incubation at 37 degrees C, intact 330-kDa Tg was found in fluids collected from the lower chamber. The amount recovered was markedly reduced by megalin competitors, indicating that megalin mediates Tg transcytosis. We also studied Tg transcytosis in vivo, using a rat model of goiter induced by aminotriazole, in which increased release of thyrotropin induces massive colloid endocytosis. This was associated with increased megalin expression on thyrocytes and increased serum Tg levels, with reduced serum T3 levels, supporting the conclusion that megalin mediates Tg transcytosis. Tg transcytosis is a novel function of megalin, which usually transports ligands to lysosomes. Megalin-mediated transcytosis may regulate the extent of thyroid hormone release. (+info)Salicylic acid mediated by the oxidative burst is a key molecule in local and systemic responses of cotton challenged by an avirulent race of Xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum. (8/160)
We analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species, the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), and peroxidase activity during the incompatible interaction between cotyledons of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cv Reba B50/Xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum (Xcm) race 18. SA was detected in petioles of cotyledons 6 h after infection and 24 h post inoculation in cotyledons and untreated leaves. The first peak of SA occurred 3 h after generation of superoxide (O(2)(.-)), and was inhibited by infiltration of catalase. Peroxidase activity and accumulation of SA increased in petioles of cotyledons and leaves following H(2)O(2) infiltration of cotyledons from 0.85 to 1 mM. Infiltration of 2 mM SA increased peroxidase activity in treated cotyledons and in the first leaves, but most of the infiltrated SA was rapidly conjugated within the cotyledons. When increasing concentrations of SA were infiltrated 2. 5 h post inoculation at the beginning of the oxidative burst, the activity of the apoplastic cationic O(2)(.-)-generating peroxidase decreased in a dose-dependent manner. We have shown that during the cotton hypersensitive response to Xcm, H(2)O(2) is required for local and systemic accumulation of SA, which may locally control the generation of O(2)(.-). Detaching cotyledons at intervals after inoculation demonstrated that the signal leading to systemic accumulation of SA was emitted around 3 h post inoculation, and was associated with the oxidative burst. SA produced 6 h post infection at HR sites was not the primary mobile signal diffusing systemically from infected cotyledons. (+info)
856. Amitrole (Pesticide residues in food: 1993 evaluations Part II Toxicology)
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3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole
As an herbicide, it is known as aminotriazole, amitrole or amitrol. Amitrol was included in a biocide ban proposed by the ... EXTOXNET - Herbicide fact sheet for amitrole NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0027". National Institute for ...
Arthur Sherwood Flemming
However, the incident did cause cranberry growers to cease using amitrole as an herbicide, as demanded by the farmers' largest ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... amitrole MeSH D03.383.129.799.450 - fluconazole MeSH D03.383.129.799.500 - guanazole MeSH D03.383.129.799.550 - itraconazole ...
List of IARC Group 3 Agents - Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
2-Amino-4-nitrophenol 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol 4-Amino-2-nitrophenol 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole 11-Aminoundecanoic acid Amitrole ...
Conifer release
Amitrole Aminocarb (Matacil) Atrazine Dalapon Dicamba 2,4-D Fosamine ammonium Glyphosate (Vision) Hexazinone Mexacarbate ( ...
List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens
2-Amino-4-nitrophenol 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol 4-Amino-2-nitrophenol 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole 11-Aminoundecanoic acid Amitrole ...
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards -
Amitrole
Amitrole - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Sixteen female Russian rabbits were daily treated orally by gavage with Amitrole from day 6 to18 p.c. in doses of 0, 5, 20, and ... External, visceral and skeletal examination of the fetuses revealed no effects of Amitrole on intrauterine development up to ... developmental toxicity and the conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance amitrole ... A teratogenic potential of Amitrole was not evident. ...
Amitrole | OEHHA
280. Amitrole (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 4)
See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations Amitrole (EHC 158, 1994) Amitrole (HSG 85, 1994) Amitrole (ICSC) Amitrole (Pesticide ... Amitrole (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 7, 1974) Amitrole (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 41, 1986) Amitrole (IARC ... Amitrole forms neutral aqueous solutions but acts as a weak base. When exposed to UV light, amitrole breaks down to form CO2, ... When amitrole was applied at 2.5-4.2 times the officially recognized dosage (6 kg/ha), no amitrole was detected in the apples ( ...
856. Amitrole (Pesticide residues in food: 1993 evaluations Part II Toxicology)
See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations Amitrole (EHC 158, 1994) Amitrole (HSG 85, 1994) Amitrole (ICSC) Amitrole (WHO Pesticide ... Amitrole (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 7, 1974) Amitrole (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 41, 1986) Amitrole (IARC ... Amitrole has a low acute toxicity when tested in several species by various routes of administration. In old studies, amitrole ... The formation of amitrole metabolites as percentage of dose decreased with increasing dose. The rate of elimination of amitrole ...
Amitrole
- Aminotriazole
Summary Report | CureHunter
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95- ... Amitrole (Aminotriazole). Subscribe to New Research on Amitrole A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. ... 12/10/2010 - "Amitrole induces thyroid and liver tumors in rodents. ". 07/01/1994 - "Amitrole, a widely used herbicide found to ... 06/30/1983 - "The strongest effect of amitrole on thyroid function, as compared to golden hamsters and mice, was seen in rats ...
PRIME PubMed | Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxyazolopyrimidines as herbicides; the generation of amitrole in planta
... the generation of amitrole in planta. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... Aldose-Ketose IsomerasesAmaranthusAmitroleChemistry Techniques, SyntheticEnzyme InhibitorsEscherichia coli ProteinsHerbicides ... Synthesis and Evaluation of Hydroxyazolopyrimidines as Herbicides; the Generation of Amitrole in Planta. Pest Manag Sci. 2016; ... Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxyazolopyrimidines as herbicides; the generation of amitrole in planta. Pest Manag Sci. 2016; ...
Buy Online CAS Number 61-82-5 - Dr. Ehrenstorfer - Amitrole | LGC Standards
Amitrole-13C2,15N2 biochemical product blog
The Amitrole-13C2,15N2 n/a (Catalog #MBS6069674) is a Biochemical and is intended for research purposes o... ... The Amitrole-13C2,15N2 n/a (Catalog #MBS6069674) is a Biochemical and is intended for research purposes only. The product is ... Labeled Amitrole. Herbicide; plant regulator.. CAS Number: 1346603-92-6. Molecular Formula: 13C2H4N215N2. Melting Point: 152- ... Blog on Amitrole-13C2,15N2 biochemical product: ... Tags: Biochemical; Amitrole-13C2,15N2; Amitrole-13C2,15N2 ...
WHO HQ Library catalog › Details for: Amitrole /
WA 240 94AM Amitrole / WA 240 94AM Amitrole : WA 240 94GL Glyphosate / WA 240 94IN Multilevel course on the safe use of ... Amitrole, which appears to act by inhibiting the formation of chlorophyll, is widely used around orchard trees, on fallow land ... Amitrole, which appears to act by inhibiting the formation of chlorophyll, is widely used around orchard trees, on fallow land ... Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to amitrole, a herbicide with a very wide spectrum of ...
WHO HQ Library catalog › Details for: Amitrole /
HQ SERIAL Amitrole / HQ SERIAL Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants / HQ SERIAL Evaluación y ... Amitrole, which appears to act by inhibiting the formation of chlorophyll, is widely used around orchard trees, on fallow land ... Amitrole, which appears to act by inhibiting the formation of chlorophyll, is widely used around orchard trees, on fallow land ... Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to amitrole, a herbicide with a very wide spectrum of ...
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HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:. Article 1. A fourth list of Union indicative occupational exposure limit values is hereby established for the chemical agents listed in the Annex.. Article 2. Member States shall establish national occupational exposure limit values for the chemical agents listed in the Annex, taking into account the Union limit values.. Article 3. In the Annex to Directive 91/322/EEC, the references to acetic acid, calcium dihydroxide, lithium hydride and nitrogen monoxide are deleted with effect from 21 August 2018, subject to Article 6(2)(a).. Article 4. In the Annex to Directive 2000/39/EC, the reference to 1,4-dichlorobenzene is deleted with effect from 21 August 2018.. Article 5. In the Annex to Directive 2009/161/EU, the reference to bisphenol A is deleted with effect from 21 August 2018.. Article 6. 1. In underground mining and tunnelling, Member States may benefit from a transitional period ending at the latest on 21 August 2023, as regards the limit values for nitrogen ...
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Tolerance to amitrole in weeds in long-term experiments in fruit plantations. VIIIe Colloque International sur la Biologie, ... However, true herbicide resistance has been rarely demonstrated (triazine: van Oorschot and Straathof, 1988; amitrole: Bulcke ... and amitrole (Bulcke et al., 1988). As a rule, it is much more resistant when mature than at the seedling stage.. Pre-emergence ...
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We are reviewing the Workplace exposure standards for airborne contaminants to ensure they are based on the highest quality, contemporary evidence and supported by a rigorous, scientific approach.. The draft evaluation reports for each chemical will be available for public comment. Chemicals will be released alphabetically throughout 2019 and 2020. Public comment will be open for each release for a period of four weeks on Engage.. The chemical release groups and the anticipated dates for opening public comment are outlined below. Please note these dates are indicative only. For the latest information please continue to visit Engage.. ...
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HerbicideAtrazineEffect of amitroleGlyphosate and amitroleEVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILYPesticideRats1966SeedlingsMetabolitesThyroid function2018BiochemicalMonograph1974MancozebFateWeedsAbsorptionHumansUptakeLiverPhenotypeWidelyProgrammePesticidesMetabolismMolecularProductsLevelsActivityFoundAdministrationMaximumGrowthSupport
Herbicide9
- Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to amitrole, a herbicide with a very wide spectrum of activity against annual and perennial broad leaf and grass type weeds. (who.int)
- The book further concludes that amitrole poses no significant threat to the environment, that levels in food and drinking-water should be extremely low, and that the herbicide poses no threat to the health of workers or the general population when manufactured and used as recommended. (who.int)
- Amitrole is a nonselective systemic triazole herbicide and taken in by the target plant as a foliar spray. (thoughtco.com)
- In Canada, amitrole is registered as a herbicide. (canada.ca)
- In 2014, the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) conducted a re-evaluation of amitrole, and as a result, the agency implemented a phase-out of its use as a herbicide, with the exception of its use on spruce bareroot nursery stock (seedbeds). (canada.ca)
- As an herbicide, it is known as aminotriazole, amitrole or amitrol. (wikipedia.org)
- EXTOXNET - Herbicide fact sheet for amitrole NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. (wikipedia.org)
- Minimise herbicide contact with the soil and other vegetation as Amitrole is non-selective, residual and corrosive. (nrc.govt.nz)
- However, the incident did cause cranberry growers to cease using amitrole as an herbicide, as demanded by the farmers' largest consumer, the Ocean Spray company. (wikipedia.org)
Atrazine1
- Spot-spraying of hexazinone and amitrole/atrazine in the establishment of first and second rotations of Pinus radiata in south-western Victoria. (weedinfo.com.au)
Effect of amitrole2
- There is no clear picture of the effect of amitrole on microsomal metabolizing enzyme systems in mammals although it does serve to inhibit or reduce several specific biochemical reactions. (inchem.org)
- The strongest effect of amitrole on thyroid function, as compared to golden hamsters and mice, was seen in rats at 100 ppm. (curehunter.com)
Glyphosate and amitrole2
- Excessively high levels of 2,4-D, glyphosate and amitrole were detected in Goulburn-Murray Water drains in 2006. (foe.org.au)
- Ali A. and Fletcher R. A. (1977), Phytotoxic action of glyphosate and amitrole on corn seedlings. (degruyter.com)
EVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILY2
- EVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS Biotransformation The metabolic fate of amitrole in animals has not yet been fully elucidated. (inchem.org)
- EVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE BIOLOGICAL DATA Biochemical aspects Absorption, distribution and excretion Mice The distribution of 14 C-labelled amitrole was examined in non- pregnant C57BL female mice. (inchem.org)
Pesticide2
- Pesticide Action Network lists amitrole as a carcinogen and suspected endocrine disruptor. (foe.org.au)
- Amitrole is classified as a Restricted Use Pesticide and may be purchased and used only by certified applicators. (thoughtco.com)
Rats10
- 1965). When amitrole (5- 14 C) was fed to rats (Fang et al. (inchem.org)
- Effects on enzymes and other biochemical parameters Acute administration of amitrole to rats results in depression of catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity as well as the activity of several other enzymes. (inchem.org)
- 1972). Groups of rats (15 males per group) were administered radioactive iodine alone or in combination with 0.15 or 0.78 mg amitrole administered by intraperitoneal injection. (inchem.org)
- 1984). Rats 14 C-Amitrole was administered to male and female Wistar rats at a dose of 1 mg/rat and the expired air, urine, faeces, internal organs and tissues were analyzed for radioactivity. (inchem.org)
- 1964). In a second experiment, 14 C-amitrole was administered to male and female Wistar rats at doses ranging from 1 mg/rat to 200 mg/rat. (inchem.org)
- The rate of elimination of amitrole from all tissues was slightly slower for rats fed 200 mg as compared with those fed 1 mg amitrole. (inchem.org)
- 1966). 14 C-Amitrole was administered orally to male Wistar rats as a single dose of 50 mg/kg bw. (inchem.org)
- 1975). Inhalation exposure to 14 C-amitrole aerosol in rats was examined by MacDonald & Pullinger (1976) and Turner & Gilbert (1976). (inchem.org)
- Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 14 C-amitrole aerosol for 1 hour either as `head-only' or as `whole body' exposure at levels of 49.2 g/l or 25.8 g/l, respectively. (inchem.org)
- Dietary levels of 0, 100, 500, 100 and 25 ppm amitrole were fed to groups of 10 male and 10 or 12 female rats. (epa.gov)
19661
- 1966) have shown that amitrole is not metabolically acetylated, and that the average half-time for amitrole clearance in various tissues was 4.2 hours. (inchem.org)
Seedlings1
- Amitrole treatment of etiolated barley seedlings leads to deregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis and to reduced expression of Lhc and RbcS genes. (springer.com)
Metabolites3
- 1964), 70-96% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine during the first 24 hours as amitrole and two unidentified metabolites. (inchem.org)
- The formation of amitrole metabolites as percentage of dose decreased with increasing dose. (inchem.org)
- The fate of two unidentified plant metabolites of amitrole, namely, metabolite 1 and metabolite 3 (isolated from bean plants) was also examined. (inchem.org)
Thyroid function1
- Although studies of occupationally-exposed workers are largely reassuring, the book recommends annual monitoring of thyroid function in workers regularly handling amitrole at either the formulation or application stage. (who.int)
20181
- In April 2018, PMRA initiated a special review of amitrole following the non-renewal (no longer approved) of pesticidal uses in the European Union. (canada.ca)
Biochemical1
- The Amitrole-13C2,15N2 n/a (Catalog # MBS6069674 ) is a Biochemical and is intended for research purposes only. (mybiosource.com)
Monograph1
- This monograph summarizes the data received since the previous evaluation and contains relevant data from the previous monograph on amitrole. (inchem.org)
19741
- AMITROLE First draft prepared by P.H. Arentzen and E.M. den Tonkelaar National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection Bilthoven, Netherlands EXPLANATION Amitrole was evaluated by the Joint Meeting in 1974 when a conditional ADI of 0-0.00003 mg/kg bw was established (Annex I, reference 22). (inchem.org)
Mancozeb2
- As it concerns other endocrine effects described in experimental animals, only thyroid inhibition following occupational exposure to amitrole and mancozeb has been confirmed in humans. (scielosp.org)
- A questão diz respeito a outros efeitos endócrinos descritos em animais experimentais, e apenas a inibição tireóide foi confirmada em seres humanos, após exposição ocupacional a amitrole e mancozeb. (scielosp.org)
Fate1
- A review of studies on the environmental fate of amitrole concludes that the compound is relatively rapidly degraded in the environment, with no evidence of either bioaccumulation or entry into the food chain. (who.int)
Weeds2
- Acrolein, for example, is injected directly into flowing water, whilst amitrole, glyphosate and 2,4-D are spot sprayed when the weeds are not submerged. (foe.org.au)
- Amitrole was and is used widely across irrigation areas of Victoria as a control to aquatic weeds such as couch grass in drains and channels. (foe.org.au)
Absorption2
- After absorption, amitrole was distributed throughout most of the tissues. (inchem.org)
- The absorption and distribution of amitrole in fetal tissue of mice were studied by whole body autoradiography upon administration (i.v. or p.o.) of radiolabelled amitrole. (inchem.org)
Humans1
- Studies in both humans and animals show that amitrole is rapidly absorbed and rapidly excreted in urine in an unchanged form. (who.int)
Uptake1
- The effects of amitrole on thyroglobulin and iodide uptake in FRTL-5 cells. (biomedsearch.com)
Liver1
- The liver contained a metabolite but no free amitrole. (inchem.org)
Phenotype1
- Replacement of NF by other inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis (such as amitrole) revealed that the growth and pigmentation phenotype is not coupled to the LHCB1.2 mRNA accumulation phenotype. (uni-muenchen.de)
Widely1
- Amitrole, which appears to act by inhibiting the formation of chlorophyll, is widely used around orchard trees, on fallow land prior to sowing, along roadsides and railway lines, and for weed control in ponds. (who.int)
Programme1
- Amitrole / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. (who.int)
Pesticides1
- Approval was first given in September 1962 at the Intergovernmental Committee on Pesticides for the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission (SRWSC) to use amitrole provided that the level in domestic drinking water did not exceed 300 parts per billion. (foe.org.au)
Metabolism1
- Observed similarities between the bleaching symptomology displayed by these herbicides and amitrole suggested that hydroxytriazolopyrimidines could be acting as elaborate propesticides of amitrole, and this was subsequently demonstrated in plant metabolism studies using Amaranthus retroflexus. (unboundmedicine.com)
Molecular1
- Other information on identity and properties Amitrole is a white, crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 84 and a melting point of 150-153 C. It is soluble in water to the extent of 28 g/100 g and in ethanol and methanol to an extent of 26 g/100 g. (inchem.org)
Products1
- In Canada, amitrole was not reported to be present in any products with commercial or consumer use above the reporting threshold. (canada.ca)
Levels1
- It also means that levels of amitrole under 10 ppb, would not have been regarded as "dangerous" as recently as 2011 before the new Guidelines were published. (foe.org.au)
Activity1
- It was shown that selected hydroxytriazolopyrimidines that displayed promising herbicidal activity generated amitrole, with peak concentrations of amitrole generally being observed 1 day after application. (unboundmedicine.com)
Found1
- Microautoradiographically, amitrole was found mostly in the cytoplasm, suggesting possible involvement in purine synthesis associated with cell division. (inchem.org)
Administration1
- Pregnant NMRI mice received radioactive amitrole at day 18 of pregnancy and were sacrificed 4 or 8 hours after administration. (inchem.org)
Maximum1
- In June 1963 the Commission adopted a maximum concentration of amitrole in streams of 2 ppb. (foe.org.au)
Growth1
- Treat the new growth with 2,4-D or Amitrole, misting the foliage to keep the runoff onto the ground to a minimum. (latimes.com)
Support1
- These findings support the conclusion that amitrole is goitrogenic, causing thyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia, depletion of colloid, and increased vascularity. (who.int)