Folic Acid Antagonists
Methotrexate
Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.
Thioguanine
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine, guanine, or 6-mercaptopurine to the corresponding 5'-mononucleotides and pyrophosphate. The enzyme is important in purine biosynthesis as well as central nervous system functions. Complete lack of enzyme activity is associated with the LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME, while partial deficiency results in overproduction of uric acid. EC 2.4.2.8.
Diphtheria Toxoid
The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.
Rivers
Farber Lipogranulomatosis
Terminology as Topic
Safety
Accidents, Occupational
Small Molecule Libraries
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.
Joints
C-Reactive Protein
Finger Joint
Asimina
Epothilones
Doxorubicin
Acetogenins
Encyclopedias as Topic
Camptothecin
Electronic Mail
Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.
Enterobacter
Enterobacter aerogenes
Valine
Folic Acid
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Aristolochic Acids
Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Dactinomycin
A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)
Sulfinic Acids
Organoplatinum Compounds
Esophagogastric Junction
Standard of Care
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
Phase I study of escalating doses of edatrexate in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (1/155)
Motivated by the observation of preclinical synergy, a Phase I dose escalation study of edatrexate in combination with a 3-h paclitaxel infusion was performed in patients with advanced breast cancer to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of edatrexate and the toxicities associated with this combination and to report preliminary observations of efficacy with this novel combination. Thirty-six patients were enrolled in this Phase I trial. Thirty-five eligible patients were treated every 21 days in cohorts of at least three patients and were assessable for toxicity. One patient was ineligible due to hyperbilirubinemia. Stepwise dose escalations of edatrexate were administered until grade >3 nonhematological dose-limiting toxicities were reported. The initial dose level of edatrexate was 180 mg/m2; subsequent cohorts were treated with escalating doses of edatrexate (210, 240, 270, 300, 350, and 400 mg/m2). Edatrexate was administered by i.v. infusion over 1 h. Paclitaxel was administered 24 h later at a fixed dose of 175 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion with standard dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine premedication. The MTD of edatrexate was reached at the 350 mg/m2 level in this study. Grade 3 diarrhea was seen in one patient at the 300 and 400 mg/m2 dose levels, requiring dose reductions. Two patients experienced grade 4 stomatitis at the 400 mg/m2 dose level and also required dose reduction, establishing the MTD as 350 mg/m2. Grade 3 nausea and vomiting were noted in two of three patients at the highest dose level. Of 35 patients, 4 patients reported grade 3 myalgias and 1 patient reported grade 3 neurosensory complaints, which were seen mostly at the 350 and 400 mg/m2 dose levels; however, 1 patient reported grade 3 myalgias at 180 mg/m2. No cumulative neurotoxicity was observed, and no patient experienced an allergic reaction to paclitaxel. In 23 patients with bidimensionally measurable disease, there were four complete (17%) and seven partial responses, with an overall response rate of 48% (95% confidence interval, 27-69%). All of the responses were seen in patients who had not received prior chemotherapy for stage IV disease. The median duration of response was not assessable because many responding patients went on to receive high-dose chemotherapy treatment with stem cell support. The combination of edatrexate and paclitaxel for treatment of metastatic breast cancer is a feasible and safe regimen. The MTD of edatrexate was 350 mg/m2 when combined with a 3-h infusion of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) given 24 h later. Activity was noted even among patients who had relapsed shortly after receiving methotrexate- and/or doxorubicin-containing adjuvant regimens. Additional studies evaluating the sequences and dosing schema for this combination are warranted to improve the response proportion and define the duration of the response. (+info)Folylpolyglutamyl synthetase gene transfer and glioma antifolate sensitivity in culture and in vivo. (2/155)
BACKGROUND: Although antifolates are popular agents for use in chemotherapy, they display minimal toxicity against slow-growing tumors and are toxic to actively replicating cells in normal tissues. These drugs are converted intracellularly into polyglutamate derivatives by the enzyme folylpolyglutamyl synthetase (FPGS). Because tumors with high expression of FPGS often respond to nontoxic antifolate doses, we investigated whether augmenting tumoral FPGS activity by gene delivery would enhance tumoral antifolate sensitivity. METHODS: 9L rat gliosarcoma cells were stably transfected with a human FPGS complementary DNA (cDNA), producing 9L/FPGS cells. The sensitivity of these cells to the antifolates methotrexate and edatrexate was measured in culture and in subcutaneous tumors, as was their ability to increase the chemosensitivity of nearby nontransfected cells, i.e., a bystander effect. The antifolate sensitivity of nonselected cells transduced with a hybrid amplicon vector that expressed FPGS was also ascertained. RESULTS: In comparison with 9L cells, 9L/FPGS cells displayed enhanced sensitivity to 4-hour pulses of antifolate. Subcutaneous 9L/FPGS tumors responded as well to methotrexate given every third day as 9L tumors did to daily treatment. A modest bystander effect was observed with edatrexate treatment in culture and in vivo. The observed bystander effect appeared to result from the release of antifolates by transfected cells after the removal of extracellular drug. In culture, enhanced antifolate sensitivity was also seen in other stably transfected rodent and human glioma cell lines, including one with high pre-existing FPGS activity, and in canine and human glioblastoma cell lines transduced with a vector bearing FPGS cDNA. CONCLUSIONS: FPGS gene delivery enhances the antifolate sensitivity of several glioma cell lines and merits further evaluation as a therapeutic strategy. (+info)Phase I study of the sequential administration of edatrexate and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. (3/155)
BACKGROUND: The antifolate edatrexate and the microtubule-stabilizing agent paclitaxel have both demonstrated single-agent activity in lung and breast cancer. In vitro, the sequential combination of edatrexate followed by paclitaxel produced synergistic antitumor effects. This trial was designed to find the maximum tolerated doses of edatrexate and paclitaxel when given every two weeks utilizing this sequential schedule. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with solid tumors received edatrexate intravenously on days 1 and 15 and paclitaxel intravenously as a three-hour infusion on days 2 and 16 of each 28-day cycle. Edatrexate was escalated from 40 to 120 mg/m2 and the paclitaxel dose fixed at 135 mg/m2. When the maximum-tolerated dose was not reached, edatrexate was fixed at 120 mg/m2 and paclitaxel escalated to 175 and 210 mg/m2. RESULTS: All 34 patients were assessable. The maximum tolerated doses were 120 mg/m2 of edatrexate and 210 mg/m2 of paclitaxel. Grade 3 myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, leukopenia, and an infusion-related reaction occurred. Eight patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and one with bladder cancer achieved major objective responses. CONCLUSIONS: The recommended phase II doses are 120 mg/m2 of edatrexate days 1 and 15 and 175 mg/m2 of paclitaxel as a three-hour infusion days 2 and 16 of a 28 day cycle. These results warrant phase II trials of the combination leading to phase III studies comparing the two drugs to a single agent to confirm the preclinical evidence of synergy. (+info)Dihydrofolate reductase from Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. (4/155)
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the first human virus known to encode dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme required for nucleotide and methionine biosynthesis. We have studied the purified KSHV-DHFR enzyme in vitro and analyzed its expression in cultured B-cell lines derived from primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an AIDS-associated malignancy. The amino acid sequence of KSHV-DHFR is most similar to human DHFR (hDHFR), but the viral enzyme contains an additional 23 amino acids at the carboxyl-terminus. The viral DHFR, overexpressed and purified from E. coli, was catalytically active in vitro. The K(m) of KSHV-DHFR for dihydrofolate (FH(2)) was 2.4 microM, which is significantly higher than the K(m) of recombinant hDHFR (rhDHFR) for FH(2) (390 nM). K(m) values for NADPH were similar for the two enzymes, about 1 microM. KSHV-DHFR was inhibited by folate antagonists such as methotrexate (K(i): 200 pM), aminopterin (K(i): 610 pM), pyrimethamine (K(i): 29 nM), trimethoprim (K(i): 2.3 microM), and piritrexim (K(i): 3.9 nM). In all cases, K(i) values for these folate antagonists were higher for KSHV-DHFR than for rhDHFR. The viral enzyme was expressed at levels two- to tenfold higher than hDHFR in PEL cell lines as an early lytic cycle gene. KSHV-DHFR mRNA and protein appeared from 6 to 24 h after chemical induction of the KSHV lytic cycle. Epitope-tagged KSHV-DHFR and rhDHFR both localized to the nucleus of transfected cells, while other KSHV nucleotide metabolism genes localized to the cytoplasm. DHFR activity was not essential for viral replication in cultured PEL cells. Since hDHFR was not detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), KSHV-DHFR may function to provide increased DHFR activity in vivo in infected cells that have little or none of their own enzyme. (+info)A spontaneous murine melanoma lung metastasis comprised of host x tumor hybrids. (5/155)
Cells from a lung metastasis, arising from Cloudman S91 melanoma cells implanted s.c. in the tail of a BALB/c nu/nu mouse, were comprised chiefly of host x tumor hybrids. These lung metastasis cells showed: (a) 30-40% increased DNA content; (b) resistance to 10(-4) M hypoxanthine, 4 x 10(-7) M aminopterin, and 1.6 x 10(-5) M thymidine (HAT) + G418; and (c) the presence in genomic DNA of genes for both wt and albino tyrosinase, reflecting the DBA/2J (Cloudman S91) and BALB/c mouse genotypes, respectively. Individual clones of lung metastasis cells expressed enhanced pigmentation, motility, and responsiveness to MSH/IBMX, a behavior similar to that recently reported for artificially generated melanoma x macrophage fusion hybrids. These similarities suggested that the host fusion partner generating the lung metastasis hybrids might have been a macrophage, although formal proof for this was not possible. The results provide the first direct evidence that host x tumor hybridization could serve as an initiating mechanism for melanoma metastasis. (+info)Trans-stimulation effects of folic acid derivatives on methotrexate transport by rat renal organic anion transporter, OAT-K1. (6/155)
We examined the pharmacological role of the renal organic anion transporter OAT-K1, which localizes predominantly in the brush-border membranes of proximal straight tubules, in the urinary excretion of methotrexate and the possibility of its contribution to "folinic acid rescue." With Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells stably transfected with OAT-K1 cDNA, OAT-K1-mediated methotrexate accumulation was inhibited in the presence of various folic acid derivatives. These derivatives included aminopterin, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, unlabeled methotrexate, folinic acid (citrovorum factor, leucovorin), and folic acid with apparent inhibition constant values of 0.5, 1.2, 1.8, 8.2, and 14.1 microM, respectively. In contrast, 10 microM taurocholic acid and sulfobromophthalein did not inhibit OAT-K1-mediated methotrexate accumulation. In addition, methotrexate efflux was stimulated in the presence of inwardly directed gradients of aminopterin, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, unlabeled methotrexate, folinic acid, and folic acid, but not of uric acid, taurocholic acid, and glutathione, indicating that OAT-K1-mediated methotrexate efflux is stimulated by a folic acid derivatives exchange. In conclusion, OAT-K1 was suggested to enhance the apical efflux of highly accumulated methotrexate in tubular epithelial cells and contribute at least in part to folinic acid rescue by exchanging intracellular methotrexate for extracellular folinic acid. (+info)Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin, a new antifolate. (7/155)
The 10-deazaaminopterins are a new class of rationally designed antifolates demonstrating greater antitumor effects than methotrexate in murine tumor models and human tumor xenografts. Their design was aimed at improving membrane transport and polyglutamylation in tumor cells, resulting in increased intracellular accumulation and enhanced cytotoxicity. Compared with other 4-aminofolate analogues, 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin (PDX) is the most efficient permeant for the RFC-1-mediated internalization and substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthetase. PDX demonstrates greater in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy than methotrexate or edatrexate. We undertook a Phase I study with PDX to identify the potential toxicities and define an optimal dose and schedule. Thirty-three patients were enrolled, all of whom had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and were treated previously with a median of two prior chemotherapy regimens. Initially, PDX was administered weekly for 3 weeks in a 4-week cycle. Mucositis requiring dose reduction and/or delay in the first cycle occurred in four of six patients treated at the initial dose level (30 mg/m2), making this the maximal tolerated dose for PDX given on this schedule. The treatment schedule was then modified to every 2 weeks. Twenty-seven patients were treated twice weekly with a total of 102 four-week cycles (median, 2 cycles/patient). Mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity, with grade 3 and 4 mucositis occurring in the first two patients treated at the 170 mg/m2 dose level. Other toxicities were mild and reversible. No neutropenia was observed. The recommended Phase II dose is 150 mg/m2 biweekly. At that dose level, the mean area under the curve was 20.6 micromol x h, and the mean terminal half-life was 8 h. Two patients with stage IV NSCLC had major objective responses, and five patients had stable disease for 7 (two patients), 9 (one patient), 10 (one patient), and 13 months (one patient). PDX is a new antifolate with manageable toxicity and evidence of antitumor activity in NSCLC. A Phase II trial in NSCLC and a Phase I trial with paclitaxel are under way. These studies will also quantitate the expression of genes controlling internalization (RFC-1) and polyglutamylation of PDX in tumor cells as correlates of response. (+info)Co-administration of probenecid, an inhibitor of a cMOAT/MRP-like plasma membrane ATPase, greatly enhanced the efficacy of a new 10-deazaaminopterin against human solid tumors in vivo. (8/155)
Earlier studies from this laboratory have shown that the uricosuric agent probenecid (PBCD) will inhibit the extrusion of folate analogues from tumor cells mediated by a plasma membrane ATPase resembling the canicular multispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) family of ATP binding cassette transporters. This inhibition of this outwardly directed membrane ATPase has been shown to have a favorable impact upon the cellular pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity, and efficacy of methotrexate in vivo. In an extension of these earlier studies, which had focused only on murine ascites tumors, we now report that parental co-administration of PBCD will also enhance net intracellular accumulation in vitro and intracellular persistence in vivo of a new folate analogue, 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin (PDX) in tumor cells. This resulted in marked enhancement of the efficacy of PDX against murine and human lung neoplasms and human prostate and mammary neoplasms growing as solid tumors in mice. As possible ATPases targeted by PBCD, all of these tumors expressed MRP-1, -4, and -7 genes, with expression of MRP-4 being greatest in each case. Four other MRP genes were expressed to a variable extent in some tumors but not others. The therapeutic enhancement of PDX by PBCD was manifested as tumor regression, where PDX alone was only growth inhibitory (A549 NSCL tumor), or as a substantial increase (3-4-fold) in overall regression and/or number of complete regressions (Lewis and LX-1 lung, PC-3 and TSU-PR1 prostate, and MX-1 mammary tumors) compared to PDX alone. Also, only in the case of PDX with PBCD, a significant number of mice transplanted with LX-1 or MX-1 tumors that experienced complete regression did not have regrowth of their tumor. In view of these results, clinical trials of this therapeutic modality appear to be warranted, especially in the case of new more efficacious folate analogues that are also permeants for this canicular multispecific organic anion transporter/MRP-like plasma membrane ATPase. (+info)![Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome]()
Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome
Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid) | Folic Acid/ DHFR Antagonist | MedChemExpress
Aminopterin - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Aminopterin - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
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Aminopterin inhibition in Aerobacter aerogenes: alanine and valine accumulation during the inhibition and their utilization on...
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Thymidine kinase
"Aminopterin". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Köhler G, Milstein C (August 1975). "Continuous cultures of fused ... After fusion, the cells are grown in a medium with methotrexate or aminopterin that inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase ... One such medium that is commonly used is HAT medium, which contains hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine. The unfused cells ...
Mary Jane Osborn
Osborn, M. J.; Freeman, M.; Huennekens, F. M. (February 1958). "Inhibition of dihydrofolic reductase by aminopterin and ... Inhibition of Dihydrofolic Reductase by Aminopterin and Amethopterin. DOI: 10.3181/00379727-97-23764 Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011 ...
Hybridoma technology
... hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium) for roughly 10 to 14 days. Aminopterin blocks the pathway that allows for nucleotide ...
HAT medium
Aminopterin in the medium blocks the de novo pathway. Hence, unfused myeloma cells die, as they cannot produce nucleotides by ... HAT Medium (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium) is a selection medium for mammalian cell culture, which relies on the ... The trick is that aminopterin blocks DNA de novo synthesis, which is absolutely required for cell division to proceed, but ... is specifically blocked by aminopterin. THF, acting in association with specific proteins, can receive single carbon units that ...
2007 pet food recalls
Aminopterin is illegal in China, and neither Cornell University nor the FDA could replicate the New York lab's results. On 27 ... "No Aminopterin in Tissues of Animals Killed by Recalled Pet Food". PRNewsWire. 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on 9 ... On 23 March, the New York State Food Laboratory reported that aminopterin was found in samples sent to them by Cornell. ... Beginning on 19 April, researchers reportedly had ruled out aminopterin contamination and had found a "spoke-like crystal" in ...
Timeline of the 2007 pet food recalls
The New York State Food Laboratory reported that aminopterin was found in samples sent to them by Cornell. Aminopterin is ... "No Aminopterin in Tissues of Animals Killed by Recalled Pet Food" (Press release). Syntrix Biosystems. March 30, 2007. Archived ... "fully consistent with the ingestion of rat poison containing aminopterin." The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...
Indian Americans
He obtained his Ph.D the same year, and went on to make other major discoveries; including the synthesis of aminopterin (later ...
Somatic fusion
This medium is supplemented with hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine, hence the name HAT medium. Antimetabolite aminopterin ... since they cannot produce purines and pyrimidines due to the aminopterin present in the HAT medium). For using HAT medium as a ...
Monoclonal antibody
Exposing cells to aminopterin (a folic acid analogue, which inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, DHFR), makes them unable to use ... The selective culture medium is called HAT medium because it contains hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine. This medium is ...
Stuart A. Rice
Effect of folic acid, aminopterin and vitamin K on growth of roots in Allium cepa. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 74:310-12 The ...
Yellapragada Subbarow
... aminopterin)". N. Engl. J. Med. 238 (23): 787-93. doi:10.1056/NEJM194806032382301. PMID 18860765.CS1 maint: multiple names: ...
Sidney Farber
Realizing this, he attempted to use a folate antagonist, aminopterin, to block the function of folic acid in patients with ... In 1947, Farber conducted a clinical trial on aminopterin on 16 children, 10 of which eventually achieved temporary remission. ... aminopterin)". New England Journal of Medicine. 238 (23): 787-793. doi:10.1056/nejm194806032382301. PMID 18860765.CS1 maint: ... he carried out both the preclinical and clinical evaluation of aminopterin (synthesized by Yellapragada Subbarow). He showed ...
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Often the de novo pathway is interrupted as a result of chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate or aminopterin. All salvage ...
The New England Journal of Medicine
His team gave 16 infants and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia a folic acid inhibitor, aminopterin-10 showed ... Aminopterin)". New England Journal of Medicine. 238 (23): 787-93. doi:10.1056/NEJM194806032382301. PMID 18860765. Zoll, PM ( ...
Min Chiu Li
Farber was able to use a drug of this type, aminopterin, to achieve a temporary remission in childhood leukemia. In the early ...
Methotrexate
It is not to be confused with Aminopterin.. Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and ... In 1947, a team of researchers led by Sidney Farber showed aminopterin, a chemical analogue of folic acid developed by ... Animal studies published in 1956 showed the therapeutic index of methotrexate was better than that of aminopterin, and clinical ... use of aminopterin was thus abandoned in favor of methotrexate. In 1951, Jane C. Wright demonstrated the use of methotrexate in ...
History of cancer chemotherapy
These analogues - first aminopterin and then amethopterin (now methotrexate) were antagonistic to folic acid, and blocked the ... and similar to aminopterin) treatment. Dr. Richard Lewisohn of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York administered the drug, and over ...
Leukemia
By 1947 Boston pathologist Sidney Farber believed from past experiments that aminopterin, a folic acid mimic, could potentially ...
Folate
This research subsequently led to the synthesis of the antifolate aminopterin, which was used to treat childhood leukemia by ...
Donald Pinkel
... experimenting with aminopterin, which could induce temporary remissions in some leukemia cases. In 1956 Pinkel was hired as the ...
Methotrexate
In 1947, a team of researchers led by Sidney Farber showed aminopterin, a chemical analogue of folic acid developed by ... Animal studies published in 1956 showed the therapeutic index of methotrexate was better than that of aminopterin, and clinical ... use of aminopterin was thus abandoned in favor of methotrexate. In 1951, Jane C. Wright demonstrated the use of methotrexate in ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... aminopterin MeSH D03.438.733.631.192.500 - methotrexate MeSH D03.438.733.631.202 - biopterin MeSH D03.438.733.631.202.500 - ...
Boston Children's Hospital
Yellapragada Subbarow (of Lederle lab and his friend and colleague at Harvard Medical School) to supply Aminopterin and later ... Sidney Farber received the Lasker in 1966 for his 1947 discovery that a combination of aminopterin and methotrexate, both folic ...
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
... using aminopterin. This, and another antifolate drug, methotrexate used by Dr. Farber, were discovered and supplied by Dr. ...
Developmental toxicity
Some of the known developmental toxicants can be grouped under the following categories: Reproductive toxins: Aminopterin ...
Madras Medical College
... known for the synthesis of the first ever chemotherapeutic drug aminopterin, and subsequently methotrexate. He is also known ...
Institute of Cancer Research
Professor David Galton became the first physician in the world to use aminopterin (the forerunner of the methotrexate drug) in ...
Menu Foods
... aminopterin, melamine (a plastic precursor that may also be used as a fertiliser), and cyanuric acid (which is commonly used to ...
Index of oncology articles
... aminopterin - AML - amonafide - amoxicillin - amphotericin B - ampulla - ampulla of Vater - amputation - amsacrine - amylase - ...
Aminopterin - Wikipedia
Aminopterin has a single-dose LDLo of 2.5 mg/kg when orally administered to rats. Aminopterin is widely used in selection media ... Aminopterin is a synthetic derivative of pterin. Aminopterin works as an enzyme inhibitor by competing for the folate binding ... and 0.097 mg/kg aminopterin each day for 7 to 12 days. Folic acid was given in a weight ratio to aminopterin of 200:1 to 800:1 ... the enzyme inhibited by aminopterin. Leucovorin has been used in rats, dogs and humans to rescue aminopterin toxicity. ...
Aminopterin - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Aminopterin je sintetički derivat pterina. Aminopterin dejstvuje kao inhibitor enzima dihidrofolat reduktaze. Njegov afinitet ... Aminopterin je u toku svog tržišnog veka korišćen i za tretman psorijaze u SAD. Ovaj lek je doveo do dramatičnog čišćenja ... No Aminopterin in Tissues of Animals Killed by Recalled Pet Food". PRNewsWire. 30. 3. 2007. Приступљено 14. 04. 2007.. ... Aminopterin i metotreksat su široko korišćeni u selekciji medija (kao što je HAT medijum) za ćelijske kulture. ...
Aminopterin - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Analogi folne kisline (aminopterin, metotreksat, pemetreksed, raltitreksed) Purinski analogi (kladribin, klofarabin, fludarabin ... Aminopterin se je nekoč uporabljal za zdravljenje raka, dandanes pa ga je povsem nadomestil metotreksat, ki je spojina s ... Aminopterin je sintezni derivat pterina. Deluje kot encimski zaviralec, ker se veže na vezišča encima dihidrofolat reduktaze ( ... Aminopterin (4-aminopterojska kislina) je 4-amino derivat folne kisline, ki izkazuje imunosupresivno in citostatično delovanje ...
Tetrazole-aminopterin | C19H20N12O3 - PubChem
Aminopterin Dose Finding Treatment for Methotrexate-Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
1 mg of LD-aminopterin, or 3 mg of LD-aminopterin in a 1:1:1 ratio. The study hypothesis is that the 3 mg LD-aminopterin per ... Aminopterin Dose Finding Treatment for Methotrexate-Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis. The safety and scientific validity of this ... Intestinal transport of aminopterin enantiomers in dogs and humans with psoriasis is stereoselective: evidence for a mechanism ... Aminopterin. Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal. Abortifacient Agents. Reproductive Control Agents. Physiological Effects of ...
aminopterin: Topics by WorldWideScience.org
Aminopterin had a similar effect on deoxyuridine reversal of tritiated dThd incorporation into DNA. Aminopterin had no effect ... aminopterin was safe and efficacious in canine AD. Twice-weekly dosing negated efficacy despite having the same daily and ... aminopterin was safe and efficacious in canine AD. Twice-weekly dosing negated efficacy despite having the same daily and ... LD-aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis: a randomized, controlled trial reveals dosing factors ...
![Congenital Cardiac Defects: A Possible Association of Aminopterin Syndrome and In Utero Methotrexate Exposure?]()
Congenital Cardiac Defects: A Possible Association of Aminopterin Syndrome and In Utero Methotrexate Exposure?
There is now a well-defined syndrome of congenital anomalies associated with the use of aminopterin. The aminopterin syndrome ... The use of aminopterin has now fallen out of favor. Methotrexate is a folate antagonist that is now used more frequently. A ... Newborns who survived after aminopterin exposure were noted for years to have defects of the neural tube, skull, or limbs. ... We report two patients who presented with classic features of aminopterin syndrome combined with significant congenital cardiac ...
9781157367390: Chemotherapeutic agents: Chemotherapy, Pawpaw, Biosynthesis of doxorubicin, Camptothecin, Epothilone,...
Aminopterin, ABVD, Cyclophosphamide von Source: Wikipedia bei AbeBooks.de - ISBN 10: 1157367399 - ISBN 13: 9781157367390 - ... Chemotherapeutic agents: Chemotherapy, Pawpaw, Biosynthesis of doxorubicin, Camptothecin, Epothilone, Aminopterin, ABVD, ... Chemotherapeutic agents: Chemotherapy, Pawpaw, Biosynthesis of doxorubicin, Camptothecin, Epothilone, Aminopterin, ABVD, ... Chapters: Chemotherapy, Pawpaw, Biosynthesis of doxorubicin, Camptothecin, Epothilone, Aminopterin, ABVD, Cyclophosphamide, ...
Aminopterin inhibition in Aerobacter aerogenes: alanine and valine accumulation during the inhibition and their utilization on...
Aminopterin inhibition in Aerobacter aerogenes: alanine and valine accumulation during the inhibition and their utilization on ... Aminopterin inhibition in Aerobacter aerogenes: alanine and valine accumulation during the inhibition and their utilization on ... Aminopterin inhibition in Aerobacter aerogenes: alanine and valine accumulation during the inhibition and their utilization on ... Aminopterin inhibition in Aerobacter aerogenes: alanine and valine accumulation during the inhibition and their utilization on ...
![Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome]()
Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome
... is a condition affecting babies whose mothers were exposed to the chemical aminopterin or ... Symptoms of fetal aminopterin syndrome depend on how early in pregnancy the woman is exposed to aminopterin or methotraxate and ... There is no cure for fetal aminopterin syndrome, though symptoms can be managed. Aminopterin is no longer used, but ... Babies exposed to aminopterin or methotraxate during development can be born with developmental delays such as inability to ...
THE EFFECT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND AMINOPTERIN ON EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN GUINEA PIGS | Journal of Experimental...
The influence of 6-mercaptopurine and aminopterin was studied on immune response and immune thyroiditis in guinea pigs ... THE EFFECT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND AMINOPTERIN ON EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN GUINEA PIGS Hans L. Spiegelberg , Hans L. ... Hans L. Spiegelberg, Peter A. Miescher; THE EFFECT OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND AMINOPTERIN ON EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE THYROIDITIS IN ... The influence of 6-mercaptopurine and aminopterin was studied on immune response and immune thyroiditis in guinea pigs ...
Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid) | Folic Acid/ DHFR Antagonist | MedChemExpress
Aminopterin has anticancer and immunosuppressive activity. Aminopterin is used in treatment of pediatric leukemia. - Mechanism ... Aminopterin catalyses the reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, and competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase ( ... Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid), the 4-amino derivative of folic acid, is a folic acid antagonist. ... Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid), the 4-amino derivative of folic acid, is a folic acid antagonist. Aminopterin catalyses the ...
![Aminopterin - wikidoc]()
Aminopterin - wikidoc
Aminopterin is a synthetic derivative of pterin. Aminopterin works as an enzyme inhibitor by competing for the folate binding ... the enzyme inhibited by aminopterin. Leucovorin has been used in rats, dogs and humans to rescue aminopterin toxicity.[19][20][ ... and 0.097 mg/kg aminopterin each day for 7 to 12 days. Folic acid was given in a weight ratio to aminopterin of 200:1 to 800:1 ... optimal of 1 hour prior to aminopterin) of administration in relation to aminopterin.[24][25] The temporal relationship between ...
AMINOPTERIN - Manufacturer, Supplier & Exporter
Fetal aminopterin syndrome | Rare Diseases | RareGuru
Information on Fetal aminopterin syndrome, which may include symptoms, causes, inheritance, treatments, orphan drugs, ... Other Names: Aminopterin embryopathy syndrome, Aminopterin fetopathy syndrome, Aminopterin syndrome, Fetal methotrexate ... Dont fight Fetal aminopterin syndrome alone!. Find your community on the free RareGuru App. Connect with caregivers and ... Dont fight Fetal aminopterin syndrome alone.. Find your community on the free RareGuru App. Connect with other caregivers and ...
Methotrexate vs. Aminopterin for Psoriasis | JAMA Dermatology | JAMA Network
... of antimetabolites for psoriasis was first observed by Gubner.1 He pointed out that the suppressive effects of aminopterin were ... Aminopterin competes with folic acid to prevent its conversion to folinic acid and also competes with folinic acid in its ... Aminopterin (4-aminopteroylglutamic acid) is a metabolically useless analogue of folic acid. Folic acid is necessary for normal ... Aminopterin for Psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1961;83(6):970-972. doi:10.1001/archderm.1961.01580120082020 ...
![Preface: completed in the hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine - Free Essay Examples]()
Preface: completed in the hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine - Free Essay Examples
![Introduction their sensitivity to the hypoxanthine aminopterin-thymidine- Free Subjects Examples]()
Introduction their sensitivity to the hypoxanthine aminopterin-thymidine- Free Subjects Examples
Fetal aminopterin syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program
... information resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Fetal aminopterin ... Fetal aminopterin syndrome Title Other Names:. Aminopterin embryopathy syndrome; Aminopterin fetopathy syndrome; Aminopterin ... syndrome; Aminopterin embryopathy syndrome; Aminopterin fetopathy syndrome; Aminopterin syndrome; Fetal methotrexate syndrome ...
40 CFR Appendix B to Part 355 - The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities | CFR | US...
Folic acid - test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
![Products in LKT Labs on Thomas Scientific]()
Products in LKT Labs on Thomas Scientific
2007 - Page 3 of 19 - Baseline of Health Foundation
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Veterinary Homeopathy - Page 7 of 8 - Hpathy.com
Pralatrexate and Oxaliplatin in Treating Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Esophageal, Stomach, or Gastroesophageal...
Use of Cxcr4 Protein Expression on the Surface of Stem Cells as a Marker for Tumor Tropic Potential - CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL...
Extracorporeal Removal of Microvesicular Particles - AETHLON MEDICAL, INC.
Craniosynostosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
Case Study 53: Reproductive and Developmental Hazards | Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical...MethotrexateFolic acid antagonistIdentified the presence of aminopterinSyndromeChemotherapyRheumatoid ArthritisDihydrofolate reductaseHypoxanthine aminopterinAntifolate activityInhibitorLederle LaboratoriesChildhood acute lymphoblPsoriasisMetotreksatDerivatMelamineFolneImmunosuppressiveInhibitionSingle-doseLeucovorin rescueLimbDosesExposureFavorRodenticideMothersRecalled Pet FoodImmuneSuppressionTreatmentDrugFoodChildrenEffectCancerFindCellsSimilarMediaEffects
Methotrexate12
- Aminopterin was discontinued by Lederle Laboratories in favor of methotrexate due to manufacturing difficulties of the former. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of aminopterin in cancer treatment was supplanted in the 1950s by methotrexate due to the latter's better therapeutic index in a rodent tumor model. (wikipedia.org)
- Now in a more pure preparation and supported by laboratory evidence of superior tumor cell uptake in vitro, aminopterin is being investigated in clinical trials in leukemia as a potentially superior antifolate to methotrexate. (wikipedia.org)
- Similar congenital abnormalities have been documented with methotrexate, and collectively their teratogenic effects have become known as the fetal aminopterin syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose ranging study that will evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic properties (the absorption, distribution and excretion) of aminopterin following oral administration by subjects with active rheumatoid arthritis (≥ 6 tender and ≥ 6 swollen joints) who have not been treated with methotrexate (MTX). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- A series of novel hydrogen peroxide sensitive prodrugs of methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterin (AMT) were synthesized and evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) as a model of chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (worldwidescience.org)
- Congenital Cardiac Defects: A Possible Association of Aminopterin Syndrome and In Utero Methotrexate Exposure? (biomedsearch.com)
- We report two patients who presented with classic features of aminopterin syndrome combined with significant congenital cardiac malformations after first-trimester in utero methotrexate exposure. (biomedsearch.com)
- Synthesis and in vitro antifolate activity of rotationally restricted aminopterin and methotrexate analogues. (medchemexpress.com)
- Aminopterin and methotrexate are widely used in selection media (such as HAT medium ) for cell culture . (wikidoc.org)
- 2 Methotrexate (4-amino-N10-methylpteroylglutamic acid) is another folic acid antagonist related to aminopterin in structure. (jamanetwork.com)
- Methotrexate tablets contain 5 times the concentration of drug as aminopterin tablets, but produce fewer toxic reactions. (jamanetwork.com)
Folic acid antagonist2
- Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid), the 4-amino derivative of folic acid, is a folic acid antagonist. (medchemexpress.com)
- Aminopterin, a folic acid antagonist, in the treatment of leukemia. (medchemexpress.com)
Identified the presence of aminopterin1
- The New York State Food Laboratory has identified the presence of aminopterin in all of the samples of cat and. (jonbarron.org)
Syndrome11
- When a similar cluster of abnormalies appears in the absence of exposure to antifolates it is referred to as aminopterin-like syndrome without aminopterin. (wikipedia.org)
- There is now a well-defined syndrome of congenital anomalies associated with the use of aminopterin. (biomedsearch.com)
- Fetal aminopterin syndrome is a condition affecting babies whose mothers were exposed to the chemical aminopterin or methotraxate during pregnancy. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Symptoms of fetal aminopterin syndrome depend on how early in pregnancy the woman is exposed to aminopterin or methotraxate and the dosage of the medication being used. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- There is no cure for fetal aminopterin syndrome , though symptoms can be managed. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Following organizations serve the condition "Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome" for support, advocacy or research. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Finding the right clinical trial for Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome can be challenging. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- The terms "Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome" returned 0 free, full-text research articles on human participants. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- According to ClinicalTrials.gov there are currently 0 additional "open" studies for "Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome" (open studies are recruiting volunteers) and 0 "Fetal Aminopterin Syndrome" studies with "all" status. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Don't fight Fetal aminopterin syndrome alone. (rareguru.com)
- Connect with other caregivers and patients with Fetal aminopterin syndrome and get the support you need. (rareguru.com)
Chemotherapy2
- Aminopterin (or 4-aminopteroic acid), the 4-amino derivative of folic acid, is an antineoplastic drug with immunosuppressive properties often used in chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
- In the early 1940s, the first chemotherapy trial in children used a drug called aminopterin , which suppresses the immune system. (theconversation.com)
Rheumatoid Arthritis3
- The purpose of this study is to determine whether aminopterin is effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The study hypothesis is that the 3 mg LD-aminopterin per week is effective at treating rheumatoid arthritis compared to placebo. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Effect of aminopterin in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. (springer.com)
Dihydrofolate reductase2
- Aminopterin works as an enzyme inhibitor by competing for the folate binding site of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
- Aminopterin catalyses the reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, and competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) with a K i of 3.7 pM. (medchemexpress.com)
Hypoxanthine aminopterin3
- Choice: Selection is completed in the hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT) medium. (gerardcambon.net)
- 2.Cell fusion to produce hybridomas: Myeloma cells are immortalized cells that are refined with 8 azaguanine to ensure their sensitivity to the hypoxanthine aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) choice medium utilized after cell combination. (maryelizabethbodycare.com)
- Peripheral blood lymphocytes from "old" male individuals and "young" controls were fused with a Chinese hamster cell line (CHO-YH21), yielding 10 HAT-resistant rodent-human clones from the old propositi and 22 from the young controls (HAT = hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine). (nih.gov)
Antifolate activity1
- The antifolate activity of aminopterin was first used by Sidney Farber in 1947 to induce remissions among children with leukemia . (wikidoc.org)
Inhibitor2
- Aminopterin dejstvuje kao inhibitor enzima dihidrofolat reduktaze . (wikipedia.org)
- His team gave 16 infants and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia a folic acid inhibitor, aminopterin -10 showed improvement by clinical and hematologic parameters after three months. (wikipedia.org)
Lederle Laboratories3
- Aminopterin was later marketed by Lederle Laboratories (Pearl River, New York) in the United States from 1953 to 1964 for the indication of pediatric leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
- The apparently mistaken association of aminopterin with its use as a rodenticide likely dates back to a 1951 patent issued to the American Cyanamid Company (then the holding company of Lederle Laboratories) that is commonly cited by a variety of reference textbooks. (wikipedia.org)
- [3] [4] Aminopterin je kasnije prodavala kompanija Lederle Laboratories (Pearl River, Njujork ) u SAD od 1953 do 1964 za pedijatrijsku leukemiju . (wikipedia.org)
Childhood acute lymphobl1
- While working at Harvard Medical School on a research project funded by a grant from the American Cancer Society, he carried out both the preclinical and clinical evaluation of aminopterin (synthesized by Yellapragada Subbarow), a folate antagonist in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
Psoriasis2
- During the period Aminopterin was marketed, the agent was used off-label to safely treat over 4,000 patients with psoriasis in the United States, producing dramatic clearing of lesions. (wikipedia.org)
- Aminopterin for psoriasis: A decade's observation. (wikipedia.org)
Metotreksat2
- Aminopterin i metotreksat su široko korišćeni u selekciji medija (kao što je HAT medijum ) za ćelijske kulture . (wikipedia.org)
- Aminopterin se je nekoč uporabljal za zdravljenje raka , dandanes pa ga je povsem nadomestil metotreksat , ki je spojina s podobno strukturo. (wikipedia.org)
Derivat2
- Aminopterin je sintetički derivat pterina . (wikipedia.org)
- Aminopterin (4-aminopterojska kislina) je 4- amino derivat folne kisline , ki izkazuje imunosupresivno in citostatično delovanje. (wikipedia.org)
Melamine3
- Separately, New York state officials, who said they discovered aminopterin -- a substance used in rat poison -- in tainted pet food last week, said they have no doubt that melamine is present in the recalled food. (reuters.com)
- Since neither aminopterin nor melamine are compounds that should be found in pet food, it is important for full public disclosure," said New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets Commissioner Patrick Hooker. (reuters.com)
- Acute Renal Failure (ARF) from the ingestion of aminopterin and/or melamine (most likely the latter). (itchmo.com)
Folne1
- Aminopterin , 4-amino analog folne kiseline , je antineoplastični lek sa imunosupresivnim osobinama koji se koristi u hemoterapiji . (wikipedia.org)
Immunosuppressive1
- Aminopterin has anticancer and immunosuppressive activity. (medchemexpress.com)
Inhibition1
- Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid) produces a marked inhibition of mitosis in low concentrations in human leukemic leukocytes [4] . (medchemexpress.com)
Single-dose1
- Aminopterin has a single-dose LDLo of 2.5 mg/kg when orally administered to rats. (wikipedia.org)
Leucovorin rescue1
- Edatrexate (10-ethyl-deaza-aminopterin) (NSC #626715) with or without leucovorin rescue for malignant mesothelioma. (duke.edu)
Limb1
- The influence of aminopterin on limb regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum. (medchemexpress.com)
Doses1
- To address this issue and understand how dosing affects antifolate efficacy in AD, we examined the efficacy and safety of different oral doses and schedules of LD- aminopterin in the canine model of AD. (worldwidescience.org)
Exposure2
- Newborns who survived after aminopterin exposure were noted for years to have defects of the neural tube, skull, or limbs. (biomedsearch.com)
- The IC 50 value of Aminopterin (4-Aminofolic acid) against CCRF-CEM cells during 72 h of exposure is 4.4 nM [2] . (medchemexpress.com)
Favor1
- The use of aminopterin has now fallen out of favor. (biomedsearch.com)
Rodenticide2
- The reference to the use of Aminopterin as a rodenticide (i.e. rat poison) dates back to a 1951 patent issued to the American Cyanamid Company that is commonly cited by a variety of reference textbooks including the Merck Manual, although the use of aminopterin as a rodenticide was later disputed. (wikipedia.org)
- Although the use of aminopterin as a rodenticide is widely asserted on the web and elsewhere, there is no evidence that it has ever been used for that purpose either in the United States or elsewhere in the world. (wikidoc.org)
Mothers1
- The first suggestions that folic acid antagonists were teratogenic in humans were based on reports of failed terminations in mothers given aminopterin in the first trimester. (biomedsearch.com)
Recalled Pet Food1
- The FDA, however, has still not confirmed the presence of aminopterin in the recalled pet food. (reuters.com)
Immune1
- The influence of 6-mercaptopurine and aminopterin was studied on immune response and immune thyroiditis in guinea pigs immunized with thyroid extract. (rupress.org)
Suppression2
- 4. Treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and aminopterin 10 days after immunization lead to suppression of delayed hypersensitivity and thyroiditis. (rupress.org)
- Journal Article] Adenosine blocks aminopterin-induced suppression of osteoclast differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
Treatment1
- Aminopterin is used in treatment of pediatric leukemia. (medchemexpress.com)
Drug1
- He then helped develop the drug aminopterin that targets folate metabolism. (theconversation.com)
Food2
- On March 23, 2007, ABC News reported that aminopterin was the chemical linked to the 2007 Menu Foods pet food contamination incident. (wikipedia.org)
- Tests at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada detected aminopterin in some pet food samples, but only in concentrations of parts per billion or parts per trillion, amounts too low to cause the symptoms seen. (wikipedia.org)
Children1
- He tested aminopterin in 16 children with leukaemia and obtained temporary remission in ten of them. (theconversation.com)
Effect1
- Aminopterin has a potent effect on leukaemia cells growing in a test tube. (theconversation.com)
Cancer1
- Aminopterin is no longer used, but methotraxate may still be used to treat some conditions such as cancer. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Find1
- These same reports stated that the FDA had failed to find evidence of aminopterin in the wheat gluten. (wikipedia.org)
Cells1
- Using step-wise selection, lines of mouse L-cells were obtained (clones B-82, TK-), resistance to aminopterin (AP) of which exceeds resistance of parental cells by 10 3 -5 x 10 4 times. (worldwidescience.org)
Similar1
- A structurally similar antifolate, aminopterin, also reduced the arthritis. (nih.gov)
Media1
- Aminopterin is widely used in selection media (such as HAT medium) for cell culture, particularly in the development of hybridomas, which secrete monoclonal antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Effects1
- 1 He pointed out that the suppressive effects of aminopterin were much greater on epithelium than on blood-forming organs. (jamanetwork.com)
