Aminophylline
Theophylline
A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
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A condition caused by inhalation of MECONIUM into the LUNG of FETUS or NEWBORN, usually due to vigorous respiratory movements during difficult PARTURITION or respiratory system abnormalities. Meconium aspirate may block small airways leading to difficulties in PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE and ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.
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Brain blood flow and blood pressure during hypoxia in the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum, a hypoxia-tolerant elasmobranch. (1/267)
The key to surviving hypoxia is to protect the brain from energy depletion. The epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) is an elasmobranch able to resist energy depletion and to survive hypoxia. Using epi-illumination microscopy in vivo to observe cerebral blood flow velocity on the brain surface, we show that cerebral blood flow in the epaulette shark is unaffected by 2 h of severe hypoxia (0.35 mg O2 l-1 in the respiratory water, 24 C). Thus, the epaulette shark differs from other hypoxia- and anoxia-tolerant species studied: there is no adenosine-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow such as that occurring in freshwater turtles and cyprinid fish. However, blood pressure showed a 50 % decrease in the epaulette shark during hypoxia, indicating that a compensatory cerebral vasodilatation occurs to maintain cerebral blood flow. We observed an increase in cerebral blood flow velocity when superfusing the normoxic brain with adenosine (making sharks the oldest vertebrate group in which this mechanism has been found). The adenosine-induced increase in cerebral blood flow velocity was reduced by the adenosine receptor antagonist aminophylline. Aminophylline had no effect upon the maintenance of cerebral blood flow during hypoxia, however, indicating that adenosine is not involved in maintaining cerebral blood flow in the epaulette shark during hypoxic hypotension. (+info)Randomised controlled trial of aminophylline for severe acute asthma. (2/267)
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether children with severe acute asthma treated with large doses of inhaled salbutamol, inhaled ipratropium, and intravenous steroids are conferred any further benefits by the addition of aminophylline given intravenously. STUDY DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of 163 children admitted to hospital with asthma who were unresponsive to nebulised salbutamol. RESULTS: The placebo and treatment groups of children were similar at baseline. The 48 children in the aminophylline group had a greater improvement in spirometry at six hours and a higher oxygen saturation in the first 30 hours. Five subjects in the placebo group were intubated and ventilated after enrollment compared with none in the aminophylline group. CONCLUSIONS: Aminophylline continues to have a place in the management of severe acute asthma in children unresponsive to initial treatment. (+info)Pharmacokinetics of theophylline metabolites in 8 Chinese patients. (3/267)
AIM: To study theophylline metabolites pharmacokinetics in patients after a therapeutic dose. METHODS: Eight adult patients with mild bronchial asthma and normal liver function were infused aminophylline intravenously (6.6 mumol.kg-1). The plasma concentrations of theophylline and its 4 metabolites: 1,3-dimethyluric acid (DMUA), 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 1-methyluric acid (MUA), and the intermediate 1-methylxanthine (1-MX) were monitored by HPLC throughout 24 h. RESULTS: The plasma concentration of DMUA was the highest one among the 4 metabolites. 3-MX showed the slowest elimination rate. The plasma concentration of 1-MX throughout a 24-h period showed that there was a picking up of 1-MX (from 0.04 mumol.L-1 to 1.05 mumol.L-1) in the next morning. CONCLUSION: The formation of DMUA was the main metabolites. During night there was an accumulation of 1-MX. (+info)Aminophylline alters the core temperature response to acute hypoxemia in newborn and older guinea pigs. (4/267)
In newborns and adults of a number of species, exposure to acute hypoxemia produces a "regulated" decrease in core temperature, the mechanism of which is unknown. The present experiments were carried out on chronically instrumented newborn (5-10 days of age; n = 27) and older (25-30 days of age; n = 23) guinea pigs to test the hypothesis that adenosine mediates this regulated decrease in core temperature. During an experiment, core temperature was measured by biotelemetry from animals studied in a thermocline during a control period of normoxemia, an experimental period of normoxemia or acute hypoxemia (fraction of inspired oxygen 0.10), and during a recovery period of normoxemia after an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg aminophylline (i.e., a nonspecific adenosine antagonist) or vehicle. Core temperature decreased significantly during hypoxemia after vehicle in both newborn and older guinea pigs. After aminophylline, however, newborn guinea pigs failed to significantly decrease their core temperature, whereas older guinea pigs exhibited an attenuated yet significant core temperature decrease during hypoxemia. Our data support the hypothesis that adenosine plays an age-dependent role in mediating the regulated decrease in core temperature that occurs in newborn and older guinea pigs during acute hypoxemia. (+info)Adenosine contributes to hypoxia-induced forearm vasodilation in humans. (5/267)
In humans, hypoxia leads to increased sympathetic neural outflow to skeletal muscle. However, blood flow increases in the forearm. The mechanism of hypoxia-induced vasodilation is unknown. To test whether hypoxia-induced vasodilation is cholinergically mediated or is due to local release of adenosine, normal subjects were studied before and during acute hypoxia (inspired O(2) 10.5%; approximately 20 min). In experiment I, aminophylline (50-200 microg. min(-1). 100 ml forearm tissue(-1)) was infused into the brachial artery to block adenosine receptors (n = 9). In experiment II, cholinergic vasodilation was blocked by atropine (0.4 mg over 4 min) infused into the brachial artery (n = 8). The responses of forearm blood flow (plethysmography) and forearm vascular resistance to hypoxia in the infused and opposite (control) forearms were compared. During hypoxia (arterial O(2) saturation 77 +/- 2%), minute ventilation and heart rate increased while arterial pressure remained unchanged; forearm blood flow rose by 35 +/- 6% in the control forearm but only by 5 +/- 8% in the aminophylline-treated forearm (P < 0.02). Accordingly, forearm vascular resistance decreased by 29 +/- 5% in the control forearm but only by 9 +/- 6% in the aminophylline-treated forearm (P < 0.02). Atropine did not attenuate forearm vasodilation during hypoxia. These data suggest that adenosine contributes to hypoxia-induced vasodilation, whereas cholinergic vasodilation does not play a role. (+info)Mutability of different genetic loci in mammalian cells by metabolically activated carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. (6/267)
The relationship between carcinogenesis and mutagenesis in mammalian cells has been determined with 10 polycyclic hydrocarbons with different degrees of carcinogenicity. Mutagenesis was determined in Chinese hamster cells with genetic markers that affect the surface membrane, nucleic-acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. The mutations were characterized by resistance to ouabain, 8-azaguanine, and temperature. Mutagenesis by the carcinogens required metabolic activation and this was provided by the presence of lethally irradiated metabolizing cells. The degree of carcinogenicity was related to the degree of mutagenicity for all three genetic markers. The most potent carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, gave the highest mutagenicity and mutagenicity was obtained with 0.01 mug/ml. Treatment of the cells with aminophylline, which increases polycyclic hydrocarbon metabolism, increased mutagenesis by the carcinogens. It is suggested that such an experimental system with these and other mammalian cells should be useful as a sensitive assay for hazardous environmental chemicals. (+info)Pharmacological properties of some xanthone derivatives. (7/267)
A series of aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone were examined in some experimental models of epilepsia, i.e., pilocarpine, aminophylline and pentetrazole-induced seizures. A final objective of this research was to examine the action of these compounds on the central nervous system, namely on spontaneous locomotor activity, amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and narcotic sleep induced by hexobarbital, as well as their influence on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in mice brain. The most interesting were the pharmacological results of (R)-2-N-methylamino-1-butanol derivative of 7-chloro-2-methylxanthone [Id], which displayed protective activity against the seizures induced by maximum electroshock and pentetrazole induced seizures; moreover, this compound had a relatively low toxicity and did not exhibit a neurotoxic effect. The influence on the locomotor activity as well as on the amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice was also seen for Id. Compound Id did not decrease the GABA level in mice brain. (+info)Metabolic and respiratory effects of theophylline in the preterm infant. (8/267)
BACKGROUND: Methylxanthines are often administered to preterm infants for the treatment of apnoea. AIMS: To study the effects of theophylline on energy metabolism, physical activity, and lung mechanics in preterm infants. METHODS: Indirect calorimetry was performed for six hours before and after administration of a bolus of theophylline (5 mg/kg) in 18 preterm infants while physical activity was recorded with a video camera. Lung mechanics measurements were performed at baseline and 12 and 24 hours after theophylline treatment. RESULTS: Theophylline increased mean (SEM) energy expenditure by 15 (5) kJ/kg/day and augmented carbohydrate utilisation from 6.8 to 8.0 g/kg/day, but fat oxidation was unchanged. After theophylline treatment, preterm infants had faster respiration, lower transcutaneous CO2, and improved static respiratory compliance without increased physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: A bolus of 5 mg/kg theophylline increased energy expenditure independently of physical activity, increased carbohydrate utilisation, and improved respiratory compliance. The increased energy expenditure could be detrimental to the growth of the preterm infant. (+info)Effect of aminophylline on brain stem auditory evoked potentials in preterm infants<...
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- To determine the effect of adding intravenous theophylline (administered as aminophylline) to nebulizations of albuterol and intravenous methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized for acute asthma. (nih.gov)
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Intravenous6
- The purpose of this review was to assess whether the use of intravenous aminophylline in children receiving maximised inhaled bronchodilators and glucocorticoids produced additional beneficial effects. (cochrane.org)
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- To determine if the addition of intravenous aminophylline produces a beneficial effect in children with acute severe asthma receiving conventional therapy. (cochrane.org)
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- Aminophylline controls symptoms of asthma and other lung diseases but does not cure them. (medlineplus.gov)
- Does aminophylline benefit adults admitted to the hospital for an acute exacerbation of asthma? (nih.gov)
- A type of bronchodilator, the designed purpose of aminophylline is to quickly relax the smooth muscles of the lungs, helping keep the airways open in patients suffering from an asthma attack or pulmonary edema (excessive fluid buildup in the lungs). (petcarerx.com)
- In the past, aminophylline has been extensively used for the management of acute asthma, despite side effects. (cochrane.org)
- Aminophylline use in children may be appropriate if children have a role in severe acute exacerbations of asthma where response to maximised therapy (inhaled bronchodilators and glucocorticoids) is poor. (cochrane.org)
- Since the advent of inhaled ß 2 -agonists, anticholinergic agents and glucocorticoids, the role of aminophylline in paediatric acute asthma has become less clear. (cochrane.org)
- Aminophylline is a dangerous ingredient for asthma patients. (bulkquotesnow.com)
Tablets2
- TY - CONF AU - Ćupić, Vitomir AU - Petricević, S. AU - Ristić, Slavica M. AU - Simić, Slobodanka AU - Petrović, S. AU - Vučićević, Katarina PY - 2009 UR - https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1271 PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, Malden C3 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics T1 - Comparison between pharmacokinetic parameters of sustained-release aminophylline tablets in rabbits VL - 32 IS - Suppl. (ac.rs)
- Ćupić V, Petricević S, Ristić SM, Simić S, Petrović S, Vučićević K. Comparison between pharmacokinetic parameters of sustained-release aminophylline tablets in rabbits. (ac.rs)
Placebo7
- 21 adults (22 to 48 years old)--10 in the aminophylline group and 11 in the placebo group. (nih.gov)
- and either individualized doses of aminophylline or placebo for 48 hours. (nih.gov)
- At admission from the emergency department, the mean +/- SD baseline FEV1 was 49% +/- 19% of the predicted value in the aminophylline group and 43% +/- 13% of the predicted value in the placebo group. (nih.gov)
- We identified a small number of good quality trials which compared aminophylline with placebo in children given inhaled bronchodilators and glucocorticoid therapy. (cochrane.org)
- This review found evidence that children treated with aminophylline had a greater improvement in lung function than children treated with placebo, when both groups received inhaled bronchodilators and steroids and they responded incompletely to these initial therapies. (cochrane.org)
- The addition of aminophylline to steroids and ß 2 -agonist significantly improved FEV 1 % predicted over placebo at 6-8 hours, 12-18 hours and 24 hours. (cochrane.org)
- Aminophylline led to a greater improvement in PEF% predicted over placebo at 12-18 hours. (cochrane.org)
Steroids1
- However, the roles of other interventions, such as long acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs), aminophylline, inhaled steroids and tiotropium, are evolving as new evidence becomes available. (bpac.org.nz)
25mg2
- But you must consult with your doctor before you buy aminophylline 25mg online . (buybaclofenonline.com)
- Therefore you can see that there are several advantages of taking Aminophylline 25mg. (buybaclofenonline.com)
Sucralfate1
- Pancuronium bromide and sucralfate might decrease the effects of aminophylline. (petcarerx.com)
Bronchodilator1
- Bronchodilator response to oral aminophylline when added to metaproterenol and beclomethasone aerosol. (elsevier.com)
Systematic review2
- The efficacy of topical aminophylline in local fat reduction: A systematic review. (bvsalud.org)
- This systematic review accumulates all of the data on the local fat-burning potency of aminophylline topical formulation. (bvsalud.org)
Acute1
- We report here a case of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction who developed atropine resistant AV block which was reversed by aminophylline, a competitive, antagonist of adenosine. (who.int)
Efficacy1
- Phenobarbital and phenytoin sodium increase the clearance of aminophylline, lessening its efficacy. (petcarerx.com)
Atropine1
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Role of aminophylline in atropine resistant atrioventricular block. (who.int)
Substances1
- Avoid large amounts of these substances while you are taking aminophylline. (medlineplus.gov)
Drugs2
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to aminophylline or any other drugs. (medlineplus.gov)
- Drugs like allopurinol , cimetidine , clindamycin , erythromycin, lincomycin , or thiabendazole may increase the effects of aminophylline Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin are likely to cause a reduced ability to metabolize aminophylline, resulting in toxicity. (petcarerx.com)
Dosage1
- Using the proper aminophylline dosage will give you a sigh of relief. (buybaclofenonline.com)
Medicine1
- As medicine deals with the heart rate, you must have adequate knowledge regarding how to use aminophylline. (buybaclofenonline.com)
Addition1
- In addition, aminophylline also has the effect of dilating coronary arteries, increasing myocardial blood supply and strengthening cardiac contractile force. (xahnb.com)
Prescription1
- Whatever you do, never buy aminophylline without prescription from the doctor. (buybaclofenonline.com)
Side2
- they can increase the side effects of aminophylline. (medlineplus.gov)
- Aminophylline may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Significant1
- Aminophylline is associated with a significant increased risk of vomiting. (cochrane.org)
Patients1
- Aminophylline Injections should be used cautiously in patients with cardiac disease , gastrointestinal ulcers, hyperthyroidism , renal or hepatic disease , severe hypoxia or hypertension, or glaucoma . (petcarerx.com)
Increase1
- Aminophylline led to a three-fold increase in the risk of vomiting. (cochrane.org)
Greater1
- However, aminophylline use also resulted in greater risk of vomiting. (cochrane.org)
Application1
- This safety study is the first in a series of studies testing the application of the combination of aminophylline and methazolamide. (druglib.com)
Call1
- If you become pregnant while taking aminophylline, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
Treat1
- Aminophylline is sometimes used to treat breathing problems in premature infants. (medlineplus.gov)
Continue1
- Continue to take aminophylline even if you feel well. (medlineplus.gov)
Beta1
- Aminophylline Injections should not be taken with sympathomimetic or beta adrenergic blockers, due to potential toxic synergism or antagonistic effects. (petcarerx.com)
Price2
- The lowest price on PharmacyChecker.com for aminophylline 25 mg/ml is $10.80 per pill or unit for 10 pills or units at PharmacyChecker-accredited online pharmacies. (pharmacychecker.com)
- Sign up for Aminophylline Price Alerts! (pharmacychecker.com)
Doctor1
- Do not stop taking aminophylline without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
Follow1
- Here are the steps to follow after you order aminophylline cod online. (buybaclofenonline.com)