A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A novel domain of the inhibitory glycine receptor determining antagonist efficacies: further evidence for partial agonism resulting from self-inhibition. (1/351)

Different amino side chains in the N-terminal extracellular region of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) have been shown to be crucial for ligand recognition. Here we describe a novel domain of the GlyRalpha1 subunit that constitutes an important determinant of antagonist activity. The antagonists strychnine, nipecotic acid, and isobutyric acid displayed reduced potencies at recombinant GlyRs formed from alpha1 subunits, in which lysine 104, phenylalanine 108, or threonine 112 were replaced by alanine. Agonist affinities, in contrast, were slightly increased at these mutant receptors. Taurine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, which are partial agonists at the wild-type GlyR, behaved as full agonists at the mutant GlyRs and failed to inhibit glycine-induced currents. This is consistent with apolar residues at positions 104, 108, and 112 of the alpha1 subunit reducing the antagonistic, but not the agonistic, binding of beta-amino acids. Our data support a model in which the partial agonism of beta-amino acids results from their self-inhibitory activity.  (+info)

Novel strategies for the design of receptor-selective vasopressin analogues: Aib-substitution and retro-inverso transformation. (2/351)

1. We determined the pharmacological profile of novel backbone-modified peptides designed as protease-resistant, selective analogues of AVP. Binding affinities of peptides were determined at both V1A and V2 subtypes of vasopressin receptor (VPR). Biological potencies of selected peptides were tested in pressor and antidiuretic bioassays. 2. Substitution of the achiral alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at position 4 or 7 of AVP produced peptides that selectively bound the V2 VPR. Both [Aib4]AVP (140 IU mg-1) and [Aib7]AVP (36 IU mg-1) are selective antidiuretic agonists with little or no activity in uterotonic and pressor assays. 3. [Aib4] and [Aib7] derivatives of the linear V1A-selective antagonist [PhaaDTyr(Et)2Arg6Tyr(NH2)9]AVP bound selectively and with high affinity (Kd 0.51 and 4.1 nM respectively) to the V1A VPR. Bioassays confirmed that these peptides were potent antivasopressor agents (pA2 8.10 and 8.36 respectively). 4. A total retro-inverso strategy was used to prepare protease-resistant mimetics of both AVP and linear V1A-selective antagonists. Cyclic retro-inverso mimetics of AVP did not bind either V1A or V2 VPRs. In contrast, rationally designed retro-inverso mimetics of linear V1A-selective antagonists selectively bound the V1A VPR. 5. Our findings indicate novel methods to improve the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of neurohypophysial hormone analogues which could be equally applicable to other peptide-receptor systems.  (+info)

Cloning and functional identification of a neuronal glutamine transporter. (3/351)

Glutamine is the preferred precursor for the neurotransmitter pool of glutamate, the major excitatory transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. We have isolated a complementary DNA clone (designated GlnT) encoding a plasma membrane glutamine transporter from glutamatergic neurons in culture, and its properties have been examined using the T7 vaccinia system in fibroblasts. When GlnT is transfected into CV-1 cells, L-glutamine is the preferred substrate. Transport is Na(+)-dependent and inhibited by alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid, a specific inhibitor of neutral amino acid transport system A. Kinetic analysis of glutamine uptake by GlnT is saturable, with a Michaelis constant (K(m)) of 489 +/- 88 microM at pH 7.4. Glutamine uptake mediated by GlnT is pH-sensitive with a 5-fold greater efficiency of uptake at pH 8.2 than at pH 6.6. Only the maximal velocity of transport increases without a significant change in K(m). The distribution of GlnT mRNA and protein in the central nervous system is widespread and is expressed on neurons that use glutamate as their neurotransmitter. In cultured cerebellar granule cells, GlnT is expressed only on neurons and is absent from astrocytes. GlnT expression increases concomitantly with the morphologic and functional differentiation of these cells in vitro, consistent with its role of supplying glutamatergic neurons with their neurotransmitter precursor. GlnT is the first member of the system A family of neutral amino acid transporters with 11 putative membrane-spanning domains and is a potential target to modulate presynaptic glutamatergic function.  (+info)

Effects of duration of positive-pressure ventilation on blood-brain barrier function in premature lambs. (4/351)

We have been studying the ontogeny of the blood-brain barrier function in ovine fetuses and lambs. During these studies, we have found that the duration of ventilation also influences blood-brain barrier permeability in premature lambs. Chronically instrumented hysterotomy-delivered surfactant-treated premature lambs were studied at 90% or 137 days of gestation (n = 9). Blood-brain barrier function was quantified with the blood-to-brain transfer constant K(i) to alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. Linear regression analysis was used to compare the K(i) values in the brain regions, as the dependent variable, to the duration of ventilation, as the independent variable. There were direct correlations (P < 0.05) between the K(i) values and the duration of ventilation [306 min (mean), 162-474 min (range)] in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, medulla, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, thalamus, pons, cervical spinal cord, and choroid plexus, but not in the pituitary gland. Ventilatory pressures and rates were established before the onset of the permeability studies. Calculated mean airway pressures [14 cmH(2)O (mean), 7-20 cmH(2)O (range)] from similarly studied premature lambs did not correlate with the duration of positive-pressure ventilation. We conclude that increases in the duration of positive-pressure ventilation predispose premature lambs to increases in regional blood-brain barrier permeability. These alterations in barrier function occur over relatively short time intervals (minutes to hours). In our study, these changes in permeability are most likely not attributable to changes in mean airway pressure.  (+info)

Studies on convulsants in the isolated frog spinal cord. I. Antagonism of amino acid responses. (5/351)

1. The isolated frog spinal cord was used to study the effects of picrotoxin, bicuculline, and strychnine on the responses of primary afferents to amino acids. Recording was by sucrose gap technique. 2. A series of neutral amino acids was found to depolarize primary afferents. Optimal activity was obtained by an amino acid whose carboxyl and amino groups were separated by a three-carbon chain length (i.e. GABA). Amino acids with shorter (i.e. beta-alanine, glycine) or longer (i.e. delta-aminovaleric acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid) distances between the charged groups were less potent. Imidazoleacetic acid was the most potent depolarizing agent tested. 3. Picrotoxin and bicuculline antagonized the primary afferent depolarizations of a number of amino acids tested with equal specificity. Depolarizing responses to standard (10- minus 3 M) concentrations of beta-alanine and taurine were completely blocked by these convulsants, while depolarizations to 10- minus 3 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were only partially antagonized. Glycine responses were unaffected by these agentsk; Strychnine completely blocked beta-alanine and taurine depolarizations and incompletely antagonized several other neutral amino acids. GABA, glutamate, and glycine depolarizations were not affected. 5. These results suggest that there are at least three distinct populations of neutral amino acid receptors on primary afferent terminals: a GABA-like receptor, a taurine/beta-alanine receptor, and a glycine-like receptor. The strychnine resistance of the glycine responses indictaes that the primary afferent receptors for glycine differ from those on the somata of spinal neurones.  (+info)

Nucleocytoplasmic transport and distribution of an amino acid, in situ. (6/351)

Ultra-low temperature techniques (microdissection and autoradiography) were used to study the nucleocytoplasmic distribution and transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in an amino acid-accumulating cell. In amphibiam oocytes incubated in AIB, the nuclear concentration of this non-metabolizable amino acid exceeds the cytoplasmic concentration by 45%, remaining constant both over time and variation in substrate concentration. The kinetics of uptake suggest that this nucleo-cytoplasmic asymmetry arises from solubility differences between the 2 compartments, and that the nuclear envelope plays a negligible role in amino acid transport. A solute exclusion model is offered to explain the nucleocytoplasmic asymmetry.  (+info)

Transport mechanisms of 3-[123I]iodo-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine in a human glioma cell line: comparison with [3H]methyl]-L-methionine. (7/351)

The amino acid analog 3-[(123)I]iodo-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine (IMT) is under clinical evaluation as a SPECT tracer of amino acid transport in brain tumors. This study investigated the carrier systems involved in IMT transport in human glioma cells in comparison with [3H-methyl]-L-methionine (3H-MET). METHODS: Human glioma cells, type 86HG-39, were cultured and incubated for 1 min at 37 degrees C with IMT and 3H-MET in the lag phase (1.2 d after seeding), exponential growth phase (3 d after seeding), and plateau phase (8 d after seeding). Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of Na+, during inhibition of system L amino acid transport by 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), and during inhibition of system A amino acid transport by 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid (MeAIB). RESULTS: IMT and 3H-MET uptake decreased by 55%-73% when the cells entered from the exponential growth phase into the plateau phase (P< 0.05; n = 3-11). Inhibition by BCH reduced uptake of IMT in the lag phase, exponential growth phase, and plateau phase by 90%-98% (P < 0.001; n = 3-6) and the uptake of 3H-MET by 73%-83% (P < 0.001; n = 3-11). In a Na+-free medium 3H-MET uptake was reduced by 23%-33% (P < 0.05; n = 3-11), whereas IMT uptake was not significantly different. MeAIB showed no significant effect on IMT or 3H-MET uptake in either phase. CONCLUSION: Transport of both IMT and 3H-MET depends on the proliferation rate of human glioma cells in vitro and is dominated by BCH-sensitive transport. These data indicate that system L is induced in rapidly proliferating glioma cells and is the main contributor to the uptake of both tracers. 3H-MET transport showed a minor Na+ dependency that was not attributable to system A. The similarity of transport mechanisms of both tracers emphasizes the clinical equivalence of IMT SPECT and (11)C-MET PET for the diagnostic evaluation of gliomas.  (+info)

Epidermal growth factor regulates amino acid transport in chick embryo hepatocytes via protein kinase C. (8/351)

System A-mediated amino acid transport, activation of different steps of signal transduction and involvement of different isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) have been investigated in chick embryo hepatocytes after epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. EGF rapidly (10 min) increased the rate of aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake in chick embryo hepatocytes freshly isolated on the 19th day of embryonic life, while no change was detectable at other embryonal stages. The growth factor stimulation was abolished by PKC and tyrosine kinase inhibitors and was mimicked by 4-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, dimethyl-2 (PMA). EGF treatment did not modify the phosphorylation of the isoform of phospholipase C (PLC-), and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and intracellular calcium levels, but it induced an increase in PKC activity. Our data show that EGF regulates amino acid uptake, via PKC and without PLC- activation, only in the last period of chick embryo hepatocyte development. The effects of growth factor on PKC activity suggest the involvement of PKC- and - isoforms in EGF modulation of amino acid transport.  (+info)

Aminoisobutyric acids are a type of compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and an isobutyric acid group. Isobutyric acid is a type of short-chain fatty acid with the chemical formula (CH3)2CHCO2H. Aminoisobutyric acids can be found in some natural sources, such as certain types of bacteria, and they can also be synthesized in the laboratory for use in research and other applications.

There are several different isomers of aminoisobutyric acid, depending on the position of the amino group relative to the carbon chain. The most common isomer is 2-aminoisobutyric acid, also known as 2-methylalanine or 2-methylpropionic acid. This compound is a naturally occurring amino acid that is found in some proteins and is used in research to study protein structure and function.

Other isomers of aminoisobutyric acid include 3-aminoisobutyric acid, which is also known as tert-leucine or 2-methylbutyric acid, and 4-aminoisobutyric acid, which is also known as neopentylamine or 2,2-dimethylpropionic acid. These compounds are less common than 2-aminoisobutyric acid and have different chemical properties and uses.

In general, aminoisobutyric acids are used in research to study a variety of biological processes, including protein folding, enzyme function, and cell signaling. They can also be used as building blocks for the synthesis of other chemicals and materials.

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They consist of a central carbon atom, also known as the alpha carbon, which is bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and a variable side chain (R group). The R group can be composed of various combinations of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon, which determine the unique properties of each amino acid.

There are 20 standard amino acids that are encoded by the genetic code and incorporated into proteins during translation. These include:

1. Alanine (Ala)
2. Arginine (Arg)
3. Asparagine (Asn)
4. Aspartic acid (Asp)
5. Cysteine (Cys)
6. Glutamine (Gln)
7. Glutamic acid (Glu)
8. Glycine (Gly)
9. Histidine (His)
10. Isoleucine (Ile)
11. Leucine (Leu)
12. Lysine (Lys)
13. Methionine (Met)
14. Phenylalanine (Phe)
15. Proline (Pro)
16. Serine (Ser)
17. Threonine (Thr)
18. Tryptophan (Trp)
19. Tyrosine (Tyr)
20. Valine (Val)

Additionally, there are several non-standard or modified amino acids that can be incorporated into proteins through post-translational modifications, such as hydroxylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. These modifications expand the functional diversity of proteins and play crucial roles in various cellular processes.

Amino acids are essential for numerous biological functions, including protein synthesis, enzyme catalysis, neurotransmitter production, energy metabolism, and immune response regulation. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the human body (non-essential), while others must be obtained through dietary sources (essential).

Biological transport refers to the movement of molecules, ions, or solutes across biological membranes or through cells in living organisms. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis, regulating cellular functions, and enabling communication between cells. There are two main types of biological transport: passive transport and active transport.

Passive transport does not require the input of energy and includes:

1. Diffusion: The random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
2. Osmosis: The diffusion of solvent molecules (usually water) across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
3. Facilitated diffusion: The assisted passage of polar or charged substances through protein channels or carriers in the cell membrane, which increases the rate of diffusion without consuming energy.

Active transport requires the input of energy (in the form of ATP) and includes:

1. Primary active transport: The direct use of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient, often driven by specific transport proteins called pumps.
2. Secondary active transport: The coupling of the movement of one substance down its electrochemical gradient with the uphill transport of another substance, mediated by a shared transport protein. This process is also known as co-transport or counter-transport.

Biological transport, active is the process by which cells use energy to move materials across their membranes from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This type of transport is facilitated by specialized proteins called transporters or pumps that are located in the cell membrane. These proteins undergo conformational changes to physically carry the molecules through the lipid bilayer of the membrane, often against their concentration gradient.

Active transport requires energy because it works against the natural tendency of molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, a process known as diffusion. Cells obtain this energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is produced through cellular respiration.

Examples of active transport include the uptake of glucose and amino acids into cells, as well as the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. The sodium-potassium pump, which helps maintain resting membrane potential in nerve and muscle cells, is a classic example of an active transporter.

In the context of medicine and pharmacology, "kinetics" refers to the study of how a drug moves throughout the body, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (often abbreviated as ADME). This field is called "pharmacokinetics."

1. Absorption: This is the process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream. Factors such as the route of administration (e.g., oral, intravenous, etc.), formulation, and individual physiological differences can affect absorption.

2. Distribution: Once a drug is in the bloodstream, it gets distributed throughout the body to various tissues and organs. This process is influenced by factors like blood flow, protein binding, and lipid solubility of the drug.

3. Metabolism: Drugs are often chemically modified in the body, typically in the liver, through processes known as metabolism. These changes can lead to the formation of active or inactive metabolites, which may then be further distributed, excreted, or undergo additional metabolic transformations.

4. Excretion: This is the process by which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidneys (urine) and the liver (bile).

Understanding the kinetics of a drug is crucial for determining its optimal dosing regimen, potential interactions with other medications or foods, and any necessary adjustments for special populations like pediatric or geriatric patients, or those with impaired renal or hepatic function.

... may refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds: 2-Aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) 3-Aminoisobutyric ... acid This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. If an internal link led you here, ...
... (also known as α-aminoisobutyric acid, AIB, α-methylalanine, or 2-methylalanine) is the non- ... 2-Aminoisobutyric acid is not one of the proteinogenic amino acids and is rather rare in nature (cf. non-proteinogenic amino ... 2-Aminoisobutyric acid is compatible with ribosomal elongation of peptide synthesis. Katoh et al. used flexizymes and an ... Beta-Amino acids, Branched-chain amino acids, Non-proteinogenic amino acids). ...
... (also known as β-aminoisobutyric acid or BAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine. During ... 7 January 2014). "β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with ... Begriche K, Massart J, Fromenty B (June 2010). "Effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid on leptin production and lipid homeostasis: ... Tanianskii DA, Jarzebska N, Birkenfeld AL, O'Sullivan JF, Rodionov RN (February 2019). "Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel ...
"a-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID". Organic Syntheses. 11: 4. 1931. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.011.0004. Drauz, Karlheinz; Grayson, Ian; Kleemann ... The Strecker amino acid synthesis, also known simply as the Strecker synthesis, is a method for the synthesis of amino acids by ... Otherwise amino acids are produced by enzymatic conversions of synthetic intermediates. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is ... While usage of ammonium salts gives unsubstituted amino acids, primary and secondary amines also give substituted amino acids. ...
Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-aminoisobutyric acid and alloisoleucine. The three proteinogenic BCAAs are among the nine ... Branched-chain+amino+acids at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Branched-chain amino acid ... A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound ... May 2019). "Branched chain amino acids impact health and lifespan indirectly via amino acid balance and appetite control". ...
... and aminobutyric acid. The most resistant were alanine, valine, glycine, and aminoisobutyric acid. The results also demonstrate ... phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid). Their half-lives were between 50 and 150 h ... Exposure of aminoacids: amino acids and a dipeptide in pure form and embedded in meteorite powder were exposed to outer space. ... To understand the chemical behavior of organic molecules in the space environment, amino acids and a dipeptide in pure form and ...
Examples include 2-aminoisobutyric acid and the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. Non-proteinogenic amino acids often ... Microorganisms and plants synthesize many uncommon amino acids. For example, some microbes make 2-aminoisobutyric acid and ... Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids ... As both the amine and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids can react to form amide bonds, one amino acid molecule can react ...
CARAVACA J, GRISOLIA S (1958). "Enzymatic decarbamylation of carbamyl beta-alanine and carbamyl beta-aminoisobutyric acid". J. ...
"Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation by peptide analogues modified with α-aminoisobutyric acid". Angewandte Chemie. 43 (31): ... Among the hydrophobic residues, aromatic amino-acids are found to have the highest amyloidogenic propensity. Cross- ... Fragments of prostatic acid phosphatase and semenogelins Functional amyloid in other organisms: Curli fibrils produced by E. ...
... can be produced by the hydrogenation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid or its esters. Aminomethyl propanol is ...
It belongs to peptaibol peptides which contain the non-proteinogenic amino acid residue Aib (2-aminoisobutyric acid). This ... 2-Aminoisobutyric acid. In cell membranes, it forms voltage-dependent ion channels by aggregation of four to six molecules. ... this is followed by the sequential condensation of amino acids by each modular unit of the synthetase. Amino acids are ... The growing chain is attached to the amino acid bearing PCP by the "condensation" (C) domain, followed by another round of the ...
Nielsen HR, Sjolin KE, Nyholm K, Baliga BS, Wong R, Borek E (June 1974). "Beta-aminoisobutyric acid, a new probe for the ... broken down into β-aminoisobutyrate which can be further broken down into intermediates eventually leading into the citric acid ...
Hence, the β-aminoisobutyric acid could act as a messenger molecule of PGC-1α and explain the effects of PGC-1α increase in ... PGC-1α has been recently proposed to be responsible for β-aminoisobutyric acid secretion by exercising muscles. The effect of β ... aminoisobutyric acid in white fat includes the activation of thermogenic genes that prompt the browning of white adipose tissue ... "β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic ...
... some of which are non-proteinogenic amino acids. In particular, they contain α-aminoisobutyric acid along with other unusual ... They are named pebtaibols due to them being peptides containing α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and ending in an alcohol. They are ... and the C-terminal amino acid is hydroxylated to an acid alcohol. ... Peptaibols are biologically active peptides containing between seven and twenty amino acid residues, ...
alanine aminoisobutyric acid dehydroalanine A subset of L-α-amino acids are ambiguous as to which of two ends is the α-carbon. ... ic acid.) Most natural amino acids are α-amino acids in the L conformation, but some exceptions exist. Some non-α-amino acids ... Chemically synthesized amino acids can be called unnatural amino acids. Unnatural amino acids can be synthetically prepared ... Whereas glutamic acid possess one γ-carboxyl group, Carboxyglutamic acid possess two. Hydroxyproline. This imino acid differs ...
Thymine, on the other hand, is converted into β-aminoisobutyric acid which is then used to form methylmalonyl-CoA. The leftover ... Nucleic Acids Book (free online book on the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids) Interactive overview of nucleic acid ... Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/ ... Uric acid is then excreted from the body in different forms depending on the animal. Free purine and pyrimidine bases that are ...
... and S-3-aminoisobutyric, R- and S-3-hydroxyisobutyric and S-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyric acids probably due to a defect in the ... aminoisobutyric acid (AIBA), which is then deaminated to (R)-methylmalonic semialdehyde. These two enantiomers of MMSA are ... and both isomers of 3-amino and 3-hydroxyisobutyric acids in urine organic acids. Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase ... The mature protein that this gene translates in humans is 503 amino acids long, which is similar to other enzymes of this ...
... α-dialkylated non-proteinogenic amino acids [α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), isovaleric acid (Iva), hydroxyproline (Hyp)]. In ... α-aminoisobutyric acid is a turn/helix forming agent). α,α-dialkylated amino acid residues in peptaibols create substantial ... abundant α-aminoisobutyric acid content, and a 1,2-amino alcohol located at the C-terminus) which have membrane-modifying ... "Conformational Manifold of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid (Aib) Containing Alanine-Based Tripeptides in Aqueous Solution Explored by ...
These include equal amounts of D- and L-alanine, and the non-protein amino acids α-aminoisobutyric acid and isovaline as well ... Bar-nun, A. (1975). "Shock Synthesis of Amino Acids II". Origins of Life. 6 (1-2): 109-115. Bibcode:1975OrLi....6..109B. doi: ... Shock synthesis is the process of complex organic chemical creation through high velocity impact on simple amino acids, ... Hyper-velocity impact shock of a typical comet ice mixture produced several amino acids after hydrolysis. ...
... like alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, called trilongins (up to 10% w/w). Their toxicity is due to absorption into cells and ... Trichoderma longibrachiatum, produces small toxic peptides containing amino acids not found in common proteins, ...
Along with Isabella Karle, a frequent collaborator, he has also pioneered the use of alpha-amino isobutyric acid to induce and ...
... where alanine and lysine are replaced by 2-aminoisobutyric acid and arginine, respectively. The substitution of the alanine ... Semaglutide is chemically similar to human GLP-1. The first six amino acids of GLP-1 are missing. Substitutions are made at GLP ...
... like alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, called trilongins (up to 10% w/w). Their toxicity is due to absorption into human cells and ... The common house mold, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, produces small toxic peptides containing amino acids not found in common ...
... as well as the unsaturated amino acids dehydroalanine, and 2-aminoisobutyric acid. They belong to ribosomally synthesized and ... Lantibiotics are a class of polycyclic peptide antibiotics that contain the characteristic thioether amino acids lanthionine or ...
... to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively. UP deficiencies are associated with N-carbamyl-beta-amino aciduria ... Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 25 (9-11): 1093-8. doi:10.1080/15257770600956870. PMID 17065070. S2CID 34904943. Collins ...
MK-2866 LGD-2226 LGD-3303 LGD-4033 RAD140 S-40503 S-23 YK-11 3-Aminoisobutyric acid Acadesine, AICAR AWRQNTRYSRIEAIKIQILSKLRL- ... According to the FDA, Piracetam is not a vitamin, mineral, amino acid, herb or other botanical, or dietary substance for use by ... Lysergamides are amide derivatives of the alkaloid lysergic acid. 1B-LSD, 1-Butanoyl-LSD 1cP-AL-LAD, 1-Cyclopropionyl-6-Allyl-6 ... Nabilone Parahexyl Dimethylheptylpyran HU-210 JWH-051 JWH-133 HU-243 AM-087 Ajulemic acid HU-308 CP 47,497 and its (C8) ...
... α-Aminobutyric acid β-Aminobutyric acid γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) 2-Aminoisobutyric acid 3-Aminoisobutyric acid Nitroisobutane ...
... aminoisobutyric acids MeSH D12.125.190.350 - gamma-aminobutyric acid MeSH D12.125.190.350.900 - vigabatrin MeSH D12.125.213.075 ... 2-aminoadipic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.275 - ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.275 - isoaspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.400 ... aminoisobutyric acids MeSH D12.125.070.577 - isoleucine MeSH D12.125.070.637 - leucine MeSH D12.125.070.950 - valine MeSH ...
... urocanic acid MeSH D02.241.081.160.050 - aminobutyric acids MeSH D02.241.081.160.050.055 - aminoisobutyric acids MeSH D02.241. ... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ... edetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.455 - egtazic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581 - iodoacetic acid MeSH D02.241.081.038.581.400 - ... hexuronic acids MeSH D02.241.081.844.915.400.500 - iduronic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901.177 - aconitic acid MeSH D02.241.081.901. ...
3-Aminoisobutyric acid 4-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-transaminase) deficiency GABA analogue GABA receptor GABA tea Giant ... Although in chemical terms, GABA is an amino acid (as it has both a primary amine and a carboxylic acid functional group), it ... By convention the term "amino acid", when used without a qualifier, refers specifically to an alpha amino acid. GABA is not an ... γ-Aminobutyric acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid) /ˈɡæmə əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrɪk ˈæsɪd/, or GABA /ˈɡæbə/, is the chief inhibitory ...
Aminoisobutyric acid may refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds: 2-Aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) 3-Aminoisobutyric ... acid This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. If an internal link led you here, ...
The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid into the cells in monolayer culture was stimulated by dexamethasone and was ...
β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic ... β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic ... β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic ... β-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic β-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic ...
... usually done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins ... usually done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins ... Plasma amino acids is a screening test, usually done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. Amino ... Amino acids, peptides, and proteins. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham C-A D, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of ...
f Increased para-amino-isobutyric acid, leucine, and proline levels in the urine. ... and increased para-amino-isobutyric acid, leucine, and proline levels. [5] ... The organic acid and mucopolysaccharide screening tests of the blood and urine are indicated to exclude mucopolysaccharidoses ... Staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), methylene blue, and colloidal iron did not reveal abnormal mucopolysaccharides or ...
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric Acid. 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid. ME544948. -. C01159. -. -. 2-Aminoisobutyric Acid. Aminoisobutyric acid ... 3-Indolebutyric Acid. 3-Indolebutyric acid. ME544927. -. C11284. -. -. 4-Aminobenzoic Acid. p-Aminobenzoic acid. ME544878. -. ... 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. ME545053. -. C00156. -. -. 4-Pyridoxic Acid. 4-Pyridoxic acid. ME545121. -. ... Indole-3-Acetic Acid. Indoleacetic acid. ME545103. -. C00954. -. -. Indole-3-Carboxylic Acid. Indole-3-carboxylic acid. ...
Artificial cell-penetrating peptide containing periodic α-aminoisobutyric acid with long-term internalization efficiency in ... In these examples, the challenge is that a very precise amino acid substitution is required, and it is not clear if imprecise ... A key reason for the revival of particle bombardment is that gold microcarriers can deliver protein as well as nucleic acids ( ... Since RNA is a nucleic acid similar to DNA, many of the same delivery methods can be used, including protoplast transfection, ...
Alanine/chemistry/metabolism; Aminoisobutyric Acids/chemistry/metabolism; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chemistry, Molecular; Models, ... The stability between helical conformations of homopeptides of alanine, glycine, and aminoisobutyric acid has been studied by ... Helical preferences of alanine, glycine, and aminoisobutyric homopeptides. Posted June 8th, 2010 by pschmidtke Title. Helical ...
Yashima visualized this structural motif by AFM studies of a PPA bearing α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) n-decyl esters as achiral ... mandelic acid as pendant and the para-ethynylanilide of (S)-α-methoxy-α-phenylacetic acid as substituent respectively, the ECD ... Thus, poly-(S)-3 and poly-(R)-4 bearing the para-ethynylanilides of (S)-mandelic and (S)-α-methoxy-α-phenylacetic acids, ... potential acid traces present in CHCl3 were removed by filtering the solvent through basic alumina. ...
f Increased para-amino-isobutyric acid, leucine, and proline levels in the urine. ... f Increased para-amino-isobutyric acid, leucine, and proline levels in the urine. ... A new acid mucopolysaccharidosis with skeletal deformities simulating rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl ... A newly recognized acid mucopolysaccharidosis simulating rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970 Jun. 83(6):667-77. [QxMD ...
Ala-8 was replaced by the unnatural amino acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) to inhibit degradation by DPP-4, and Lys-20 was ... Ala-8 at the cleavage site of GLP-1 was replaced by an unnatural amino acid which is 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), aiming to ... In liraglutide, two modifications were performed on the structure of GLP-1, which are the attachment of a C-16 palmitoyl acid ... In semaglutide, Lys-26 was attached to a hydrophobic C-18 fatty di-acid moiety to bind to albumin and inhibit glomerular ...
Stereochemically constrained enkephalin analogs containing x-aminoisobutyric acid and 1-amino- cyclopentane-1-carbolylic acid ... Dehydro and cyclopropyl amino acids and peptides / Charles H. Stammer -- Affinity labels as probes for opioid receptor types ...
A novel stapling methodology for 3(10)-helical peptides using CuAAC click reaction in a model aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) rich ... These include azido-amino acids (e.g. Fmoc- protected for solid phase synthesis), propargyl amino acids, PEG azide and alkynes ... pentynoic acid, 2-azido-3-methyl propanoic acid) and Diazo transfer reagents (imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide). ... Amino acidsBioavailabilityBiomoleculesCellular, Molecular and Developmental BiologyDrug absorptionDrug deliveryMedicine, ...
The dipeptide is D-Trp-Aib, consisting of D-tryptophan and the unnatural amino acid amino isobutyric acid. This amino acid is ... The running hypothesis in its inclusion in the inhibitor is that it is a ß-breaker, an amino acid that helps to break the ß ... I would not care if a model I had for predicting enzyme rates involved little gnomes rotating amino acid torsions in the active ... Using TOCSY and other spectra they detected differences in the chemical shifts of alpha protons of some key amino acids. Using ...
β-aminoisobutyric Acid, l-BAIBA, Is a Muscle-Derived Osteocyte Survival Factor. Kitase, Yukiko⋅Kitase, Yukiko⋅Vallejo, Julian A ...
... a non-protein amino acid metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid L-valine, is now self-affirmed GRAS as a powdered food ... β-aminoisobutyric Acid, or L-Baiba), a non-protein amino acid metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid L-valine, is now self ... NNB Nutritions MitoBurn, a non-protein amino acid metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid L-valine, is now self-affirmed ... increased free fatty acid oxidation, reduced fat mass, and mitochondrial health. According to Shawn Wells, CSO of NNB Nutrition ...
Results: The levels of most of the essential amino acids were significantly lower in autistic children than controls. As ... This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of amino acid profile assay in autism using cation-exchange chromatography ... Conclusion: The study revealed that autistic children exhibit distinct alterations in the plasma levels of some amino acids, ... All participants were subjected to the assay of plasma amino acids (essential, nonessential, and nonstandard) using cation- ...
H. R. Crumpler; C. E. Dent; H. Harris; R. G. Westall; β-Aminoisobutyric Acid (α-Methyl-β-Alanine): A New Amino-Acid Obtained ... 3. β-aminoisobutyric Acid (BAIBA). BAIBA (C4H9NO2) is a small, non-protein myokine with a molecular weight of 103.6 Da that was ... beta-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic beta-oxidation and is inversely correlated with ... Tanianskii, D.A.; Jarzebska, N.; Birkenfeld, A.L.; OSullivan, J.F.; Rodionov, R.N. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid as a novel ...
MitoBurn™ (L-β-Aminoisobutyric Acid):. In recent studies, MitoBurn™ (L-BAIBA), a metabolite of L-valine, has the ability to ... In more basic terms, this means that forskolin quite literally frees up more fatty acids to be used as fuel for exercise - more ... Sugars, fats, and amino acids provide our body with energy to function on a daily basis. These compounds can help our body ... First, it can increase lipase activity, which is essential for breaking off fatty acids from triglycerides. Second, it can ...
Lampel, A., Elis, E., Guterman, T., Shapira, S., Bacharach, E. & Gazit, E. (2015) α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Incorporation Induces ... Inhibition of Amyloid Fibril Formation by Peptide Analogues Modified with alpha-Aminoisobutyric Acid. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. ... Tao, K., Levin, A., Adler-Abramovich, L., & Gazit E. (2016) Fmoc-Modified Amino Acids and Short Peptides: Simple Bio-inspired ... Tavassoly, O., Sade, D., Bera, S., Shaham-Niv, S., Vocadlo, D. & Gazit, E. (2018) Quinolinic Acid Amyloid-Like Fibrillar ...
83; was AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID 1963-82. Online Note. use AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACIDS to search AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID 1966-82. History ... Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins [D12] * Amino Acids [D12.125] * Amino Acids, Branched-Chain [D12.125.070] * Aminoisobutyric ... Amino Acids [D12.125] * Aminobutyrates [D12.125.190] * Aminoisobutyric Acids [D12.125.190.055] * gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [ ... A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.. Terms. Aminoisobutyric Acids ...
... beta-aminoisobutyric acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, ethanolamine, tyrosine, histidine, and anserine/carnosine, respectively. ... Samples were deproteinized with sulfosalicylic acid and supernatants diluted with tridecafluoroheptanoic acid. Chromatographic ... lower limits of detection and quantification for 33 amino acids, and correlation with the Biochrom 30 Amino Acid Analyzer. ... Quantitative amino acid analysis of the administered tPA demonstrated an arginine level of ~200mM, supporting tPA as the cause ...
A solution of 2-aminoisobutyric acid (2, 1.2 mmol), 2-bromobenzaldehyde 3 (1 mmol) and maleimide 4 (1 mmol) in MeCN (3 mL) with ... Scheme 3: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition with amino esters or amino acids. Conditions: 1:3:4 (1.2:1:1.1), Et3N (1.5 equiv), EtOH (3 mL ... Scheme 1: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition with amino esters or amino acids. Scheme 1: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition with amino esters or amino ... Scheme 3: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition with amino esters or amino acids. Conditions: 1:3:4 (1.2:1:1.1), Et3N (1.5 eq... ...
Myoblasts from 12-day chick embryos in cell culture transport the nonmetabolizable amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) ... A retinoic acid-inducible transgenic marker of sino-atrial development in the mouse heart DEVELOPMENT Xavier-Neto, J., Neville ... With this method, the epitope recognized by mAb F59 was mapped to amino acids 211-231 of the chicken embryonic fast MHC and the ... The net consequence of the surface area change is fewer amino acid transport sites per unit area of myotube membrane surface. ...
chiral compounds, Peptide Synthesis, Fine Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Amino Acid, Biochemicals, 18# Building, No. ... Our company specializes in API, Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Chiral Compounds and Amino Acids.. ... chiral compounds and aimino acids, with the production capacity ranging from grams, kilograms to tons, delivering high value- ...
This leads us to believe that β-aminoisobutyric acid is a ketogenic compound, and the aforementioned study discussed above (in ... Researchers have demonstrated supplemental BAIBAs ability to increase fatty acid oxidation in the liver mitochondria.[2] This ...
A Model for the 310/α Helix Transitions of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid-Alanine Oligopeptide. α-아미노이소부틸산-알라닌 올리고 펩티드의 310/α 나선 전이에 관한 ... Kinetic Studies on the Oxidation Reaction of Malonic Acid by Ceric Ion. 세륨(Ⅳ)에 의한 말론산의 산화반응에 관한 반응속도론적 연구. Wang-Ki Kim ...
AcidGlycolatesCefmenoximeTrifluoroacetic AcidGlutamineAminoisobutyric AcidsTricarboxylic AcidsCycloparaffinsPicolinic Acids1- ... Carboxylic acid. Acid anhydride Acid chloride Amide Amino acid Ester List of carboxylic acids Dicarboxylic acid Polyhydroxy ... citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and tartaric acid. Many other alpha ... Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy ... acids α-Hydroxybutyric acid β-Hydroxybutyric acid γ-Hydroxybutyric acid β-Methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid ...
2-Aminoisobutyric acid. 62-57-7. C4H9NO2. 103.1198. 103.063328537. commercial. Rosa Vazquez Fresno. [email protected] ... 2-Furancarboxylic acid. 88-14-2. C5H4O3. 112.0835. 112.016043994. commercial. Rosa Vazquez Fresno. [email protected] ... 2-Hydroxyadipic acid. 18294-85-4. C6H10O5. 162.1406. 162.05282343. commercial. Rosa Vazquez Fresno. [email protected] ... 2-Hydroxybutyric acid. 600-15-7. C4H8O3. 104.1045. 104.047344122. commercial. Rosa Vazquez Fresno. [email protected] ...
... or over use of medication such as beta blockers and antacids can all affect the availability of these essential amino acids. T ... Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. Proteins are found in every tissue in the body as well as form part of many ... Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. Proteins are found in every tissue in the body as well as form part of many ... or over use of medication such as beta blockers and antacids can all affect the availability of these essential amino acids. ...
  • There are several types of methods used to determine the individual amino acid levels in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An increased level of a particular amino acid shows that there is a problem with the body's ability to break down (metabolize) that amino acid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This amino acid has a similar structure to beta alanine and taurine, and is created naturally when you exercise. (priceplow.com)
  • BAIBA (or β-aminoisobutyric acid ) is an "amino acid" generated during exercise. (priceplow.com)
  • BAIBA, or β-aminoisobutyric acid , is an amino acid generated during exercise (an "exercise-induced muscle factor") that is not naturally found in the genetic code of any organism - it's formed when either thymine or valine are broken down. (priceplow.com)
  • This means that BAIBA, while an amino acid, is not a building block for proteins but rather is used as a signaling molecule within the body. (priceplow.com)
  • L-BAIBA is formed from the mitochondrial reactions of L-valine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), whereas D-BAIBA is formed from thymine metabolism. (priceplow.com)
  • A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid. (nih.gov)
  • The MassChrom® Amino Acid Analysis (AAA) assays in plasma/serum or urine offer a wide spectrum for your amino acid analysis. (chromsystems.com)
  • Creatinine is also measured within the same run, which is used for the normalisation of the urinary amino acid concentrations. (chromsystems.com)
  • Dr Rachel Carling, Scientific Director for Viapath, reports on a study that compares the current gold standard in quantitative amino acid analysis (AAA) - ion exchange chromatography (IEC) with LC-MS/MS. (chromsystems.com)
  • Many details of structure, amino acid identity and orientation can control this screw sense, and sometimes the controlling factors can be quite subtle. (fieldofscience.com)
  • In this case the Gly is in the center of a 20 amino acid peptide where all other residues are Aib. (fieldofscience.com)
  • at pH 5.5, the amino acid analogue is taken up by a Na + -independent mechanism. (mssm.edu)
  • It is an amino acid metabolite of L-valine, is triggered by the PGC-1α protein from exercising muscles.Known as an "exercise factor", increased levels of L-BAIBA are associated with many of exercise's numerous benefits. (naturalbodyinc.com)
  • Amino acid transporters are ubiquitously expressed in the body. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • In most types of cancer , amino acid transporters are up-regulated, thus providing a target for diagnostic PET radiopharmaceuticals and anticancer drugs. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Activity of amino acid transport can be assessed using radiopharmaceuticals that are transported normally but that cannot be metabolized or used in peptide synthesis. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Amino acid transporters are categorized into at least 17 distinct classes ( Bröer, 2008 ). (turkupetcentre.net)
  • System A (alanine-preferring) amino acid transporters are important in regulation of cell growth. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2/SLC1A5) is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • L-type amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (LAT1 and LAT2), the isoforms of system L (leucine-preferring), facilitate the diffusion of large (LAT1/SLC7A5) and smaller (LAT2) neutral amino acids across membranes. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is overexpressed in many cancer cells, and is associated with poor prognosis. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Isolated branched-chain amino acid intake and muscle protein synthesis in humans: a biochemical review. (healthmatters.io)
  • Amino acid profile and metabolic syndrome in a male Mediterranean population: A cross-sectional study. (healthmatters.io)
  • Jurgens P, Schwartau M, Doehn M. [Disorders of amino acid metabolism in a patient with identified thiamine deficiency]. (healthmatters.io)
  • An amino acid that's effective also as a cleansing agent. (mamaschoice.my)
  • SMARSCLE™ Beta-alanine, also known as 3-aminopropionic acid, is a non-essential, non-proteinogenic amino acid produced endogenously in the liver. (refinancedaily.com)
  • But this reporter group is nothing fancy and is simply a gycine installed in the middle of a long sequence of amino acids which consists of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid or Aib. (fieldofscience.com)
  • The chemical constituents for most species include cordycepin (3′-de-oxyadenosine) and its derivatives, ergosterol, polysaccharides, a glycoprotein and peptides containing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. (wingmingherbs.com)
  • Aminoisobutyric acid may refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds: 2-Aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) 3-Aminoisobutyric acid This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Cystine/glutamate antiporter (system x C - ) is an active transporter for negatively charged amino acids, such as L-glutamate . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Random forest and generalized linear mixed model analyses identified significant (false discovery rate <0.05) associations of 24 h excretions of β-aminoisobutyric acid, cystine, citrulline, homocysteine and lysine with systolic blood pressure and cystine with diastolic blood pressure. (nih.gov)
  • In two siblings with a complete DHP deficiency and a variable clinical presentation, a normal concentration of beta-alanine and strongly decreased levels of beta-aminoisobutyric acid were observed in plasma, urine and CSF. (nih.gov)
  • They found that the production of α-amino acids, such as alanine, glycine, α-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid, and β-amino acids, such as β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyric acid, rose in the irradiated solutions as the total gamma-ray dose increased. (science20.com)
  • Systems A and ASC mainly transport amino acids with short, polar, or linear side chains, such as L-alanine and L-serine. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • B-aminoisobutyric Acid Relates to Favorable Glucose Metabolism and Adi" by H Faiz, E M. Heiston et al. (wku.edu)
  • Screening infants for increased levels of amino acids can help detect problems with metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These observations suggest that the biotin administration ameliorates abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetic patients, presumably by enhancing the activity of the biotin-dependent enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase, with a subsequent promotion of glucose utilization for the entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (researchgate.net)
  • BAJIB (b-amino-isobutyric acid) is an intermediate product of thymine metabolism that has appeared in human urine in a variety of perplexing circumstances Ule. (nih.gov)
  • Unlike most amino acids, the initial step of BCAA metabolism does not take place in the liver. (healthmatters.io)
  • Holecek M. Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements. (healthmatters.io)
  • Lipoic acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation. (healthmatters.io)
  • Branched Chain Amino Acids (Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine) Isoleucine, leucine and valine are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). (healthmatters.io)
  • The complete oxidation of valine yields succinyl CoA, and leucine and isoleucine produce acetyl CoA for use in the citric acid cycle. (healthmatters.io)
  • Leucine is one of the few amino acids that is completely oxidized in the muscle for energy, generating more ATP molecules than glucose. (healthmatters.io)
  • Additionally, leucine can be used to synthesize fatty acids in adipose tissue, and generates HMG CoA, an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol. (healthmatters.io)
  • This assay allows the quantitative determination of 52 amino acids/metabolites by LC-MS/MS within 20 minutes. (chromsystems.com)
  • Targeted chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was performed in 24 h urine samples for 47 amino metabolites and 10 metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (nih.gov)
  • When supplemented , it is pro-ketogenic and increases fatty acid oxidation in the liver while protecting against fat gain and improving glucose tolerance in mice. (priceplow.com)
  • With human placental slices, however, only pharmacological (high) concentrations of ethanol impaired uptake of amino acids, and there are no data on glucose transport. (wustl.edu)
  • In the present study, the effect of brief exposure to ethanol on human placental transport of model amino acids and glucose was studied by two techniques not previously jointly employed for this-the perfused human placental cotyledon and human placental vesicle systems. (wustl.edu)
  • The nonmetabolizable amino acids, α‐aminoisobutyric (AIB) acid and cycloleucine (CLEU), as well as d‐glucose, and nonmetabolized glucose (3‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucose), were used as probes. (wustl.edu)
  • We conclude that transport of amino acids and glucose by the human placenta is relatively resistant to the inhibitory effects of brief ethanol. (wustl.edu)
  • Adiponectin is the hormone that helps to regulate glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. (naturalbodyinc.com)
  • Because of this, consuming it will not contribute to the development of muscle mass like traditional essential amino acids (often used for recovery during or after a workout), but it may hold promise for fat-loss - and weight loss. (priceplow.com)
  • Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids and must be obtained from the diet (mainly meat, grains, and dairy). (healthmatters.io)
  • There is much published literature on the use of BCAAs for muscle protein synthesis, however it's been shown that BCAA supplementation alone does not enhance muscle protein synthesis better than the consumption of a complete, high quality food protein containing the full spectrum of essential amino acids. (healthmatters.io)
  • During ketosis, fats are broken down into fatty acids, and free fatty acids are released and then converted into ketones through beta-oxidation by the liver. (dongadaily.com)
  • Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), synthesized from fatty acids, is one of three ketone bodies and serves as an efficient and clean energy source for the body and brain. (dongadaily.com)
  • Increases capacity to oxidize fatty acids: BHB can enhance the body's ability to use stored fat as an energy source. (dongadaily.com)
  • The two forms of BAIBA are also linked to two amino acids, thymine and valine . (priceplow.com)
  • Incrediburn™, Beta-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA), which is Foregen's exclusive product with a unique technology process (patent ZL201810907170.6), is hailed as the "exercise factor"that can brown the white adipose tissue and amplify exercise performance. (refinancedaily.com)
  • 3. Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives and their transition metal complexes as topoisomerease II inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • 4. The synthesis of ethacrynic acid thiazole derivatives as glutathione S-transferase pi inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1. Solution-phase parallel synthesis and screening of anti-tumor activities from fenbufen and ethacrynic acid libraries. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Novel oxadiazole analogues derived from ethacrynic acid: design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships in inhibiting the activity of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 and cancer cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Normal tissues with high demand for amino acids for peptide synthesis may have high expression of LAT1, too. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • The peptide is comprised exclusively of D-amino acids to enhance specificity towards Aβ 42 , in conjunction with a C-terminal disruption element to block the recruitment of Aβ 42 monomers on to fibrils. (portlandpress.com)
  • No major differences were observed for the concentrations of the beta-amino acids in plasma and urine between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sibling. (nih.gov)
  • The organic acid and mucopolysaccharide screening tests of the blood and urine are indicated to exclude mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. (medscape.com)
  • Or you opt to quantify 52 amino acids and creatinine in urine in one run. (chromsystems.com)
  • Thiamin-responsive maplesyrup-urine disease: decreased affinity of the mutant branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase for alphaketoisovalerate and thiamin pyrophosphate. (healthmatters.io)
  • β-aminoisobutyric acid (β-AIB) is a metabolite of valine released during exercise. (healthmatters.io)
  • 15. Substance P analogs containing alpha,alpha-dialkylated amino acids with potent anticancer activity. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Bombesin analogs containing alpha-amino-isobutyric acid with potent anticancer activity. (nih.gov)
  • You can quantify 48 amino acids in plasma/serum. (chromsystems.com)
  • Benefit from the flexibility of the Chromsystems assay in plasma/serum: You can either measure 48 amino acids within 20 minutes, or alternatively determine the PKU/MSUD panel within 9 minutes - the choice is yours. (chromsystems.com)
  • Thus, the relevance of the shortage of beta-aminoisobutyric acid for the onset of a clinical phenotype in patients with DHP deficiency remains to be established. (nih.gov)
  • New insights in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: a pivotal role for beta-aminoisobutyric acid? (nih.gov)
  • Like the multiverse and other science fiction, without a plausible mechanism for that it is just a guess, but recent lab experiments showed that reactions between simple molecules, such as ammonia and formaldehyde, can synthesize amino acids and other macromolecules, but liquid water and heat are required. (science20.com)
  • In previous lab experiments, Yoko Kebukawa and colleagues showed that reactions between simple molecules, such as ammonia and formaldehyde, can synthesize amino acids and other macromolecules, but liquid water and heat are required. (uncommondescent.com)
  • betaAminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic beta-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors. (healthmatters.io)
  • BCAAs are transaminated into α-keto acids and used within the tissues or released into circulation. (healthmatters.io)
  • They believe their study provides evidence that gamma ray-catalyzed reactions can produce amino acids, possibly contributing to the origin of life on Earth. (science20.com)
  • Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have experimentally shown that amino acids could have formed in these early meteorites from reactions driven by gamma rays produced inside the space rocks. (uncommondescent.com)
  • The liver and other organs can then further catabolize these α-keto acids. (healthmatters.io)
  • Grüngreiff K. Branched amino acids and zinc in the nutrition of liver cirrhosis. (healthmatters.io)
  • Staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), methylene blue, and colloidal iron did not reveal abnormal mucopolysaccharides or other pathologic substances. (medscape.com)
  • The cholinergic agonist CCh had no effect on active AIB transport, although pharmacologic doses (lmM) of atropine, scopolamine and lidocaine reduced Na-gradient active transport of kappa-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). (nih.gov)
  • Prior studies in rodents, sheep, and subhuman primates have shown that ethanol, especially atter chronic exposure, inhibits the transport of amino acids by the placenta. (wustl.edu)
  • These transporters are sodium-dependent active transporters, that is, able to transport amino acids against their concentration gradients. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Plasma amino acids is a screening test, usually done on infants that looks at the amounts of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • High or low amounts of individual plasma amino acids must be considered with other information. (medlineplus.gov)
  • and some argue that resulting debris may have included carbonaceous chondrites - a class of meteorite whose members contain significant amounts of water and small molecules, such as amino acids - and could have contributed to the evolution of life on Earth. (science20.com)
  • The test may also be used to look for decreased levels of amino acids in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Increased or decreased levels of amino acids in the blood may occur with fevers, inadequate nutrition, and certain medical conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 3e H. R. Nielsen, K. Nyholm, and K.-E. Sjoiln, "Relationship Between Urinary B-Aminoisobutyric Acid and Transfer RNA Turnover in Cancer Patients," Cancer Res. (nih.gov)