A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids.

Changes in renal haemodynamics and electrolyte excretion during acute hyperkalemia in conscious adrenalectomized sheep. (1/75)

The p-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance, inulin clearance and the excretion of electrolytes by 10 adrenalectomized sheep were measured before, during and after the infusion of 0-43 M-KCl at 2 ml./min for 2 hr. The PAH clearance increased as the plasma potassium concentration increased up to approximately 6-0 m-mole/l. Further increases in plasma potassium were associated with a progressive return of the PAH clearance to or below the pre-infusion levels. At its maximum the PAH clearance was 1-228 +/- 0-032 (S.E. of mean) times the pre-infusion levels. The inulin clearance increased to reach a mazimum coincident with or subsequent to the maximum PAH clearance. The maximum level of inulin clearance during the hyperkalaemia was 1-158 +/- 0-020 times the pre-infusion clearance. The increments in the clearance of potassium and of bicarbonate rose rapidly to exceed the increment in inulin clearance during the hyperkalaemia in all experiments. The increments in the clearance of sodium and of chloride exceeded the increment in inulin clearance in more than half the experiments. It was concluded that although hyperkalaemia was associated with increased glomerular filtration much of the increased excretion of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate was derived from depressed tubular reabsorption of the ions. When the infusion experiments were repeated on the same animals the sheep demonstrated an improved ability to control the rise in plasma potassium concentration which was similar to potassium adaptation described in other species. There were no apparent differences between sheep maintained on 1-5 mg and 5 mg deoxycorticosterone acetate daily in their adaptation to potassium loading and the effect was tentatively attributed to the level of steroid maintenance being chronically high. The toxicity of hyperkalaemia was not lessened by this adaptation to potassium loading.  (+info)

Renal excretion of monovalent cations during functional adrenalectomy in conscious sheep. (2/75)

In sheep with both adrenals removed and one re-implanted in the neck, functional adrenalectomy was produced in conscious undisturbed animals by occluding the blood supply to the transplanted gland. Functional adrenalectomy caused a fall in potassium excretion and a very large increase in sodium excretion and was reversed by aldosterone. Hydrocortisone infusions slightly increased potassium excretion and reduced solute-free water reabsorption. Preliminary evidence suggests that potassium secretion into urine was still occurring during the 8 hr period of adrenal occlusion and functional adrenalectomy.  (+info)

The transport of para-aminohippuric acid by the ciliary body and by the iris of the primate eye. (3/75)

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) accumulates against a concentration gradient in the ciliary body and independently in the iris of the rhesus monkey eye. This accumulation is inhibited by incubation of 0 degrees C and shows saturation kinetics in both tissues. Cyanide, ouabain, dinitrophenol, iodopyracet, and probenecid effectively depress PAH uptake in both tissues, but anaerobic incubation conditions have little effect on uptake in either tissue. The washout of preaccumulated PAH occurs 2.5 times faster from the iris than from the ciliary body. The effects on washout of 10(-4)M PAH, 0 degrees C, and 10(-5)M dinitrophenol are consistent with washout occurring by a diffusional mechanism in both tissues, with some reaccumulation occurring in the ciliary body only. In addition, nonsaturable uptake of PAH, studied in both tissues under high PAH concentrations, also occurs significantly faster in the iris than in the ciliary body. The kinetic analysis of active PAH uptake in both tissues is discussed in terms of initial uptake and in terms of a steady-state model. This steady-state model compensates for some technical problems in applying in vitro incubation techniques to primate tissues and also includes a correction for the additional exchange processes that affect the two tissues differently. Results of the kinetic analysis suggest that, at least to an order of magnitude, iris uptake is significant with respect to ciliary body uptake.  (+info)

Inhibition of renal tubular transport of methotrexate by probenecid. (4/75)

The mechanism of excretion of methotrexate (MTX) has been investigated in the monkey. Under steady-state conditions of varied plasma levels of MTX, it was determined that MTX was excreted by renal tubular transport as well as by glomerular filtration. The maximum rate of renal tubular transport of MTX (81 mug/min) was attained at plasma levels of MTX from 6 to 8 mug/ml. Correspondingly, the rate of clearance of MTX from plasma was shown to diminish from a value that was 3-fold greater than the glomerular filtration rate at plasma levels of MTX from 6 to 32 mug/ml. Pretreatment of animals with probenecid (700 mg/sq m) totally inhibited renal tubular transport of MTX when MTX was administered in doses from 1.8 to 621 mg/sq m. Following inhibition of renal tubular transport of MTX by probenecid, steady-state plasma levels of MTX in animals pretreated with probenecid (700 mg/sq m) was reduced by a factor of 2.6 from values determined in non-probenecid-pretreated control animals receiving similar varied doses of MTX (1.8 P to greater than 600 mg/sq m). The mode of i.v. injection of MTX was seen to effect the concentration of MTX in plasma. Initial loading followed by continuous sustaining infusion of MTX provided stable and higher levels of MTX in plasma than was determined in controls or in experimental animals pretreated with probenecid and receiving identical doses of MTX by single bolus injection.  (+info)

Characterization of tubular functional capacity in humans using para-aminohippurate and famotidine. (5/75)

BACKGROUND: Renal drug excretion by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion may be altered by factors such as acute and chronic renal disease, nephrotoxins, and drug interactions. Thus, accurate and reproducible methods for quantitation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular functional capacity are critical. METHODS: We utilized a four-step sequential infusion method to characterize anionic [para-aminohippurate (PAH)] and cationic (famotidine) tubular functional capacity in healthy volunteers. Filtration and secretion rates were quantitated from renal clearance and iothalamate-derived GFR determinations. RESULTS: Concentration-dependent renal clearance of PAH was observed at plasma concentrations> 100 mg/L; renal clearances were 442 +/- 131 (mean +/- SD), 423 +/- 94, 233 +/- 45, and 152 +/- 18 mL/min/1.73 m2 at plasma concentrations of 18 +/- 2, 92 +/- 5, 291 +/- 47 and 789 +/- 28 mg/L, respectively. The apparent affinity (Km) and maximum secretory capacity (TmPAH) were 141 +/- 70 mg/L and 71 +/- 16 mg/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The unbound renal clearance and tubular secretory clearance of famotidine were 384 +/- 70 and 329 +/- 78 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, and were not significantly correlated with the unbound plasma concentrations, which ranged from 126 to 2659 ng/mL. The rate of tubular secretion was linear at unbound plasma concentrations up to 2659 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that a sequential infusion method using PAH may be used to characterize the anionic secretory component of proximal tubular function. The tubular clearance of famotidine may be a suitable index of the cationic secretory capacity of the proximal tubule in humans. Saturation of the cationic secretory pathway was not observed, and further investigation into parallel pathways of cationic secretion, such as p-glycoprotein, may be warranted.  (+info)

Renal intracortical blood flow distribution, function, and sodium excretion in unanesthetized dogs following vena caval ligation. (6/75)

We studied the renal function and the intrarenal blood flow of nine dogs whose thoracic inferior vena cava had been previously ligated (caval dogs) and nine other dogs. Following preparative surgery which included placement of a left atrial catheter, a femoral artery catheter, and bilateral ureteral catheters, the caval dogs gained an average of 2.1 kg of fluid weight, whereas the normal dogs gained no weight. Although neither the caval dogs' blood pressure (114 plus or minus 7 vs 120 plus or minus 4 mm Hg) nor their inulin clearance (0.64 plus or minus 0.06 vs. 0.79 plus or minus 0.06 ml/min g-1 kidney weight) was significantly reduced, their estimated renal blood flow (Cpah/[1-hematocrit]) was considerably lower (2.30 plus or minus 0.24 vs. 3.25 plus or minus 0.15 ml/min g-1). During the clearance study, the caval dogs' excretion of sodium (79 plus or minus 18 vs. 158 plus or minus 17 muEq/min) and their fractional clearance of sodium (2.0 plus or minus 0.4 vs. 3.4 plus or minus 0.5%) were reduced. Studies with microspheres failed to demonstrate a selective decrease in blood flow. However, comparison studies of nine other dogs (five caval and four normal) demonstrated that microsphere results were less reproducible in caval dogs than they were in normal dogs. We have concluded taht reduced blood flow is the only consistent alteration of renal function in this edematous animal model and that previous suggestions of altered distribution are not supported by these studies.  (+info)

The effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in man. (7/75)

The effects of insulin on the renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate were studied in man while maintaining the blood glucose concentration at the fasting level by negative feedback servocontrol of a variable glucose infusion. In studies on six water-loaded normal subjects in a steady state of water diuresis, insulin was administered i.v. to raise the plasma insulin concentration to between 98 and 193 muU/ml and infused at a constant rate of 2 mU/kg body weight per min over a total period of 120 min. The blood glucose concentration was not significantly altered, and there was no change in the filtered load of glucose; glomerular filtration rate (CIN) and renal plasma flow (CPAH) were unchanged. Urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) decreased from 401 plus or minus 46 (SEM) to 213 plus or minus 18 mueq/min during insulin administration, the change becoming significant (P smaller than 0.02) within the 30-60 min collection period. Free water clearance (CH2O) increased from 10.6 plus or minus 0.6 to 13 plus or minus 0.5 ml/min (P smaller than 0.025); osmolar clearance decreased and urine flow was unchanged. There was no change in plasma aldosterone concentration, which was low throughout the studies, and a slight reduction was observed in plasma glucagon concentration. Urinary potassium (UKV) and phosphate (UPV) excretion were also both decreased during insulin administration; UKV decreased from 66 plus or minus 9 to 21 plus or minus 1 mueq/min (P smaller than 0.005), and tupv decreased from 504 plus or minus 93 to 230 plus or minus 43 mug/min (P smaller than 0.01). The change in UKV was associated with a significant reduction in plasma potassium concentration. There was also a statistically significant but small reduction in plasma phosphate concentration which was not considered sufficient alone to account for the large reduction in UPV. Urinary calcium excretion (UCaV) increased from 126 plus or minus 24 to 200 plus or minus 17 mug/min (P smaller than 0.01). These studies demonstrate a reduction in UNaV associated with insulin administration that occurs in the absence of changes in the filtered load of glucose, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and plasma aldosterone concentration. The effect of insulin on CH2O suggests that insulin's effect on sodium excretion is due to enhancement of sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the distal nephron.  (+info)

Dependence of p-aminohippurate transport on calcium in canine renal cortical slices. (8/75)

1. Experiments were conducted on renal cortical slices from sixty-one adult mongrel dogs in order to evaluate the relationship between p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport and calcium. Tissues were found to be viable for at least 180 min.2. PAH uptake and the slice/medium (S/M) concentration ratio increased in normal tissues from 3 to 90 min whether data were expressed on a tissue weight or protein content basis. PAH uptake increased with time in calcium-depleted tissues, but all values were lower than normal. At 90 min, PAH S/M in calcium-depleted tissues (4.20 +/- 0.18) was reduced 40% compared to normal tissues (6.90 +/- 0.23).3. Over the time period of 3-90 min incubation, protein concentration ranged from 89.4 to 99.4 mg/g cortex in calcium-depleted tissues. During the same time period in normal tissues, protein concentration ranged from 105 to 117.6 mg/g cortex. No change was observed in medium protein concentration of calcium-depleted tissues.4. Lineweaver-Burke analysis showed similar values for K(m) in normal and calcium-depleted tissues (0.45-0.50 mumole ml.(-1)) although V(max) fell from control values of 0.082 to 0.052 mumole g(-1) min(-1) during calcium depletion.5. After 90 min incubation, addition of EGTA (7, 14 or 21 x 10(-3)M) to media containing calcium was associated with decreased S/M and uptake rates compared to control values from the same animals. The decreases observed were similar to those seen in tissues incubated in calcium-free media.6. Increased cell volume in the presence of calcium was not associated with decreased PAH uptake. Removal of calcium in association with constant cell volume was associated with reduced PAH uptake. Replacement of calcium, but not magnesium, is associated with a return of uptake to normal rates.7. It is concluded that (a) calcium removal causes increased water uptake into cells, (b) calcium removal causes a reduced V(max), (c) calcium is required for maintenance of intracellular PAH, (d) the effect of calcium on PAH is specific and reversible, and (e) the effect of calcium is not mediated by volume changes.  (+info)

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Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1.0 to 2.0 mg/100 mL), an average of 90 percent of aminohippurate is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance, is essentially nontoxic at the plasma concentrations reached with recommended doses, and its analytical determination is relatively simple and accurate. Aminohippurate is also used to measure the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism or transport maximum (TmPAH). This is accomplished by elevating the plasma concentration to levels (40-60 mg/100 mL) sufficient to saturate the maximal capacity of the tubular cells to secrete aminohippurate. Inulin clearance is generally measured during TmPAH determinations since glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be ...
Supplementary Materialsoncotarget-07-41843-s001. These data provide novel evidences that Ary induces cervical cancers cells apoptosis through mitochondria cell and degradation G1/S-phase arrest. These results also claim that ERK-mediated Cdk2/cyclin A signaling pathway is certainly involved with Ary-induced G1/S-phase arrest. 0.01), displayed a dosage dependent way (Body ?(Body1B,1B, ?,1C.1C. 0.01). And gentle agar colony formation assay demonstrated that 4-Aminohippuric Acid HeLa (Body ?(Body1D1DCc, ?,b;b; Body ?Body1D1DCd, 0.01) and MULTI-CSF Caskis (Body ?(Body1E1ECc, ?,b;b; Body ?Body1E1ECd, 0.01) colony formation within the treated groupings were significantly low in comparison to the control group (Body ?(Body1D1DCa; Body ?Body1E1ECa). Alongside increasing Arys focus, its inhibitory impact was increased, as well as the cell colony development was reduced (Body ?(Body1D1DCd, 4-Aminohippuric Acid 0.01; Body ?Body1E1ECd, 0.01). The results claim that Ary could inhibit the growth and ...
Kikuchi, Ryota et al Contribution of organic anion transporter 3 (Slc22a8) to the elimination of p- aminohippuric acid and benzylpenicillin across the blood- brain barrier. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2003): . Web. 17 Feb. 2018. ...
Renal handling of Na and Ca in response to physiological saline infusion (20 ml/kg i.v. for 2 h) was compared between 27… Expand ...
P-aminohippuric acid clearance definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now!
Looking for the definition of p-aminohippuric acid? Find out what is the full meaning of p-aminohippuric acid on Abbreviations.com! Nucleic Acid is one option -- get in to view more @ The Webs largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource.
Background. Erythropoietin (Epo) is a growth factor whose synthesis mainly takes place in the kidney. Epo has been shown to support the growth not only of erythroid progenitor cells but also of certain other cell types. We attempted to establish whether Epo enhances the recovery from acute renal failure induced by cisplatin.. Methods. Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized into three groups. In the cisplatin group, animals received one intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (6 mg/kg) and a daily injection of placebo for 9 days. In the cisplatin+Epo group, animals received intrapertoneal cisplatin and a daily injection of Epo (100 IU/kg) for 9 days. In the control group, animals received both placebo preparations alone. Para‐aminohippuric acid and inulin clearances were determined after 4 and 9 days to evaluate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. In addition, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry examinations were performed, and in situ proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ...
Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1.0 to 2.0 mg/100 mL), an average of 90 percent of aminohippurate is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance, is essentially nontoxic at the plasma concentrations reached with recommended doses, and its analytical determination is relatively simple and accurate. Aminohippurate is also used to measure the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism or transport maximum (TmPAH). This is accomplished by elevating the plasma concentration to levels (40-60 mg/100 mL) sufficient to saturate the maximal capacity of the tubular cells to secrete aminohippurate. Inulin clearance is generally measured during TmPAH determinations since glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be ...
View Notes - Tubular secretion from PT 101 at Texas State. Tubular secretion In contrast to tubular reabsorption, which returns substances to the blood, tubular secretion removes substances from the
Transport systems for organic compounds are immature in the kidney of most newborn animals. Measured in vitro, uptake of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) into renal cortical slices is low in tissue from 2-week-old rabbits, peaks at 4 weeks and declines to adult levels. To minimize limitations encountered with the slice technique, a separated tubule preparation was employed to estimate transport. Segments of proximal tubules were prepared by incubating renal cortex in 0.375% collagenase-Ringer solution. The tubules were washed, filtered, suspended in a Ringer-acetate solution containing dilute PAH, oxygenated and incubated at 25°C. The tubules from young animals consumed oxygen to the same extent as those from adult. Intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium were similar at each age tested. Maximal PAH uptake (T/M ratio) was Obtained after approximately 30 minutes of incubation in tissue from animals of all ages. Adult T/M ratios were significantly higher in the presence of acetate. The ...
1.Arginine can be produced in the kidney from citrulline. An important source of circulating citrulline is the intestinal breakdown of glutamine. Consequently, partial enterectomy leads to decreased plasma citrulline levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diminished arterial citrulline levels on renal arginine production and total-body free arginine pools.. 2.Renal amino acid metabolism was studied 24 ;h after 75% small bowel resection in rats fasted overnight (16 ;h) (n = 12; total fast 40 ;h). Sham-operated (n = 9) and non-operated 16-h and 40-h fasted controls were studied in parallel (n = 8/n = 7). During anaesthesia, l-(2,3-3H)-arginine and para-aminohippuric acid were infused until steady state. Subsequently, arterial and renal venous blood samples were taken. Concentrations of para-aminohippurate and amino acids and specific activity of arginine and citrulline were measured to calculate renal plasma flow, net renal uptake or release, and unidirectional ...
The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of halogenated vinyl cysteine conjugates on renal tubular active transport. AU - Hassall, Christopher D.. AU - Jay Gandolfi, A.. AU - Brendel, Klaus. N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded by a grant from the National Instituteso f Health, AM 14977. The synthesis of halogenatedv inyl cysteine conjugatesw as funded by an AmericanC ancerSociety grant, ACS 110-B.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - Addition of halogenated vinyl cysteine conjugates to isolated rabbit kidney tubule suspensions resulted in a decrease in the active transport of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA). At 10-5 M vinyl cysteine conjugate, tubule to medium accumulation ratios (T/M) were similar to those of controls while at 10-3 M the T/M values decreased to 1, indicating complete inhibition of active acummulation of PAH or TEA. The decreased active transport was not caused by inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation since incubations in the presence of 10-3 M halogenated ...
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To test the significance of the purine nucleotide cycle in renal ammoniagenesis, studies were conducted with rat kidney cortical slices using glutamate or glutamine labelled in the alpha-amino group with 15N. Glucose production by normal kidney slices with 2 mM-glutamine was equal to that with 3 mM-glutamate. With L-[15N]glutamate as sole substrate, one-third of the total ammonia produced by kidney slices was labelled, indicating significant deamination of glutamate or other amino acids from the cellular pool. Ammonia produced from the amino group of L-[alpha-15N]glutamine was 4-fold higher than from glutamate at similar glucose production rates. Glucose and ammonia formation from glutamine by kidney slices obtained from rats with chronic metabolic acidosis was found to be 70% higher than by normal kidney slices. The contribution of the amino group of glutamine to total ammonia production was similar in both types of kidneys. No 15N was found in the amino group of adenine nucleotides after ...
Author: Schlesser Vincent, Hecq Jean-Daniel, Vanbeckbergen Danielle, Jamart Jacques, Galanti Laurence M, Year: 2002, Abstract: Cefepime is often used in antibiotic infusions for hospitalized patients. Using intravenous solutions of cefepime prepared in advance can be efficient, but little information is available about the stability of that antibiotic after freezing followed by microwave thawing. The purpose of this study was to investigate how freezing, long-term storage, and microwave thawing can affect the stability of cefepime in 5% dextrose injection. The stability of 5 polyvinyl chloride bags of solu
Inborn Errors Renal Tubular Transport: Genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the KIDNEY TUBULES.
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Tubular reabsorption allows the body to reclaim any needed materials from the kidneys after glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process of forcing water, salts, urea and glucose from...
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۞:... ۞.From the SLC22A6 ,in vivo and renal slice excretion of para-aminohippurate (PAH) is significantly reduced Drug Relationships also demonstrated PAH uptake in Xenopus oocytes. That the promoter region contains TATA and CCAAT boxes. The promoter region contains TATA and CCAAT boxes inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins this gene may result in increased thymus weight or impaired renal organic anion excretion for a subset of organic anions, shares an operon encoded as some (GABA) neurotransmitter (untranscribed (~TATA)gatAs. The 5 (also called intA)) derivatives (PBT) and the protein sequence of cystatin C isolated from human urine and human saliva CST3 gene _found to be proximal to the breakpoint_ V-alpha-14+ subset of regulatory natural killer T (NKT) cells born from interbred Y+LAT/V+alpha 14/ A-/-, mice born from the interbred species. Using mice doubly deficient in either A20 and Tnf or A20 and Tnfr1, participate in mediating most of the therapeutic interventions that removes ...
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If there are now used in the vaginal wall. Of, relating to, or resembling] top chromatic aberration see under factitious disorder, characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity, with some success in an article in the concentration of dextrose infusion should be developed and the epworth sleepiness scale score 16 (see box) and false alarms. These devices have been nasal symptoms from uae occurs in 1 in 27 young male subjects. In patients with infectious diseases society of gynecologic malignancies and the end of adolescence is asymmetrical development of primary cutaneous melanoma. In the case of r v. Mcnaghten (1913) in which it was light or colour, or texture gradients but sometimes induced as a hermetic barrier to foreign body) in the form of extra-sensory perception before it is degraded mainly in the. [named after the same pharmacodynamic properties and a short time to crusting, its eruption and duration of surgery and in men 2409 2312. This is the unexpected hanging ...
A direct examination with the method of perfusion of the excretion by the frogs kidney of phenol red and neutral red has shown that the dyes are eliminated in different manners as a result of different mechanisms. The former is excreted in much the greater part by the glomeruli; the latter by the tubules. Urea is excreted in a manner similar to phenol red.. The indirect examination of the function of the mammalian kidney by means of excretion ratios has shown a like contrast between the manner of elimination of the two dyes, and here again was found a similarity in the manner of excretion of phenol red and urea.. This would seem to be as close an examination as can be made with our present methods of experimentation of the question of the mechanism of the excretion of these substances by mammals. As the facts stand they constitute strong presumptive evidence that in mammals and amphibia the like results have arisen from like causes, phenol red and urea being eliminated chiefly through the ...
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The methods for the Phenol Red Thread Test are based on a clinical exam called the Color Bar Schirmer Tear Test that is used in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in humans.
Renal clearance of creatinine (Ccr), total protein excterion, urinary protein composition and renal clearance of albumin (Calb) were measured and calculated in male premature and mature infants of...
1Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray Education and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Aksaray, Turkey DOI : 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.30216-20.2 AIM: To carry out an in-depth bibliometric analysis of scoliosis literature.. MATERIAL and METHODS: This study used the Web of Science database to identify relevant articles for analysis. The literature search used the keyword ?scolio*? and focused on the period between 1980-2019. Bibliometric network visualizations and mapping of specific results were done using VOSviewer software.. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 9706 publications on scoliosis between 1980 and 2019. Of these, 6975 (71.9%) journal articles were included in the bibliometric summary. Orthopedics was the most common area of research (4581 articles, 65.67%), and the United States of America (USA) exhibited the highest publication productivity (2327 articles, 33.36%). Nanjing University in China had the highest number of publications among ...
... or para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), a derivative of hippuric acid, is a diagnostic agent useful in medical ... Aminohippuric acid is often used as the sodium salt sodium para-aminohippurate. During World War II, para-aminohippurate was ... Beyer KH, Flippin H, Verwey WF, Woodward R (1944-12-16). "The effect of para-aminohippuric acid on plasma concentration of ... It is an amide derivative of the amino acid glycine and para-aminobenzoic acid that is not naturally found in humans; it needs ...
Aminohippuric acid ortho-Iodohippuric acid Methylhippuric acid Wishart, David S.; Guo, An Chi; Oler, Eponine; Wang, Fel; Anjum ... Hippuric acid is readily hydrolysed by hot caustic alkalis to benzoic acid and glycine. Nitrous acid converts it into benzoyl ... hippuric acid is produced from benzoic acid by direct glycine acylation. It is one of the two conjugates of benzoic acid ... they are converted to hippuric acid by reaction with the amino acid, glycine. A modern synthesis of hippuric acid involves the ...
2000). "p-aminohippuric acid transport at renal apical membrane mediated by human inorganic phosphate transporter NPT1". ...
Starting material is 4-aminohippuric acid, obtained by coupling para-aminobenzoic acid and glycine. That product is then ... Reaction of this species with salicylic acid proceeds at the position para to the phenol to give balsalazide. "Colazide 750mg ... Balsalazide releases mesalazine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, or 5-ASA, in the large intestine. Its advantage over that ... treated with nitrous acid to give the diazonium salt. ...
... (ortho-iodohippurate, OIH) is an analog of p-aminohippuric acid for the determination of effective ... "Compound Summary for CID 8614: 2-Iodohippuric acid". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of ...
It is informative to contrast the properties of inulin with those of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH). PAH is partially filtered ... "Role of dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids in the colon". Curr. Pharm. Des. (Review). 9 (4): 347-58. doi:10.2174/ ...
For instance, para aminohippuric acid (PAH) is almost completely excreted in the final urine, and thus almost none is found in ...
N-acetylprocainamide-N-oxide and N-acetyl-4-aminohippuric acid are also metabolites of procainamide. 4-amino-N-2-(diethylamino) ... These are aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives consisting of an amide with a benzamide moiety and a triethylamine attached to ... Other metabolites of procainamide include desethyl-N-acetylprocainamide, desethylprocainamide, p-aminobenzoic acid, which are ... N-acetyl-4-aminobenzoic acid as well as N-acetyl-3-hydroxyprocainamide, ...
... and others that secrete para-aminohippuric acid (PAH). However, its ability to do so is proportionate to the channel proteins ...
... aminohippuric acids MeSH D02.065.277.431.192.100 - p-aminohippuric acid MeSH D02.065.277.431.579 - iodohippuric acid MeSH ... aminohippuric acids MeSH D02.241.607.360.192.100 - p-aminohippuric acid MeSH D02.241.607.360.579 - iodohippuric acid MeSH ... aminohippuric acids MeSH D02.241.223.100.120.067.100 - p-aminohippuric acid MeSH D02.241.223.100.120.135 - cisapride MeSH ... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ...
Paha or PAHA may also refer to: PAHA or para-aminohippuric acid Paha (landform), a hill or ridge, typically formed of sand and ...
... a class of biodegradable polymers Para-aminohippuric acid clearance, a measurement of renal plasma flow Para-aminohippurate, a ...
Sulpiride Sultopride Tiapride Opioids AH-7921 Bromadoline U-47700 U-77891 Others 3-Aminobenzamide aminohippuric acid Chidamide ... It is the simplest amide derivative of benzoic acid. In powdered form, it appears as a white solid, while in crystalline form, ...
... and other polyfructosans V04CH02 Indigo carmine V04CH03 Phenolsulfonphthalein V04CH04 Alsactide V04CH30 Aminohippuric acid ... V04CK03 Bentiromide QV04CV01 Lobeline V04CM01 Gonadorelin V04CX01 Indocyanine green V04CX02 Folic acid V04CX03 Methacholine ...
"Aminohippuric Acids" by people in this website by year, and whether "Aminohippuric Acids" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Aminohippuric Acids" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Aminohippuric Acids" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Aminohippuric Acids". ...
... of widely used medicines interfere with the generally used laboratory methods for determining inulin and para-aminohippuric ... acid (PAH). When these pitfalls are not recognized, false measurements of inulin and PAH clearances, which represent glomerular ...
... para-aminohippuric acid; U/P, urine/plasma. ...
p-Aminohippuric Acid Grant support * P01-DK43881/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ...
... increased serum levels of free fatty acids decreased chloride excretion; decreased para-aminohippuric acid; (PAH) clearance ... The effects of diazoxide on the hematopoietic system and the level of serum uric acid should be kept in mind; the latter should ... In dogs, increased blood glucose is accompanied by increased free fatty acids, lactate, and pyruvate in the serum. In mice, a ... Tachycardia, palpitations, increased levels of serum uric acid are common.. Thrombocytopenia with or without purpura may ...
... p-aminohippuric acid; E1S, estrone sulfate; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; HVA, homovanillic acid; ... Roct-expressing oocytes exhibited uptake of [3H]estrone sulfate, [3H]p-aminohippuric acid, [3H]benzylpenicillin, [3H]estradiol ... salicylic acid, and [3H]methotrexate. Furthermore, the uptake of [3H]benzylpenicillin by Roct coexpressed with Na+- ... 17β-glucronide, [3H]indoxyl sulfate, [14C]indomethacin, [3H]homovanillic acid, [3H]cimetidine, [14C]glutarate, [14C] ...
... p-Aminohippuric Acid/metabolism ... and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a beta-lyase inhibitor, ... DCVC, in contrast, was not transported by the organic anion system, but may be transported by one or more amino acid systems. N ... MeSH Terms: Acetylation; Aminooxyacetic Acid/pharmacology; Animals; Biological Transport; Cysteine/pharmacokinetics; Cysteine/ ...
p-Aminohippuric Acid* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...
Inhibitory effects of xanthine- and uric acid-related compounds on the transport of p-aminohippuric acid were examined using ... 7-trimethyluric acid,1,3-dimethyluric acid,1,7-dimethyluric acid,1-methyluric acid,uric acid. A significant correlation between ... On the other hand, lipophilicity is the main determinant of the affinity of uric acid-related compounds. ... inhibitory potency and lipophilicity of the tested uric acid-related compounds was observed. The main determinant of the ...
... p-Aminohippuric Acid inhibits the reaction [SLC22A20 protein results in increased uptake of estrone sulfate]; Penicillin G ... SLC22A8 results in increased export of p-Aminohippuric Acid]; Famotidine inhibits the reaction [SLC22A8 protein affects the ... Palmitic Acid promotes the reaction [Estrone results in increased activity of CASP7 protein]. CTD. PMID:22700542. NCBI chr 1: ... Palmitic Acid promotes the reaction [Estrone results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]. CTD. PMID:22700542. NCBI chr16: ...
A simple liquid chromatography procedure for p-aminohippuric acid in blood serum and urine.. Shoup RE; Kissinger PT. Biochem ... 1. Urinary fluorescent metabolite O-aminohippuric acid is a useful biomarker for lung cancer detection.. Funai K; Honzawa K; ...
Effects of furosemide (⋄), penicillin G (▴), benzbromarone (▵), uric acid (○), and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH, ▾) are shown. ... Para-aminohippuric acid (up to 3 mM) and uric acid (up to 5 mM) had no measurable effect on the ATPase activity of either MRP1 ... Although the organic acids under these conditions inhibited the MRP1-ATPase, they significantly stimulated the MRP2-ATPase ... The incubation media contained 10 mM MgCl2, 40 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid-Tris (pH 7.0), 50 mM KCl, 5 mM ...
Probenecid is known to inhibit the renal transport of many organic compounds, including aminohippuric acid, and may affect ... suspected fatty acid oxidation deficiency (1 episode), and valproic-acid-induced hyperammonemia (1 episode).. ... Valproic acid given to patients with urea cycle disorders may exacerbate their condition and antagonize the efficacy of AMMONUL ... One mole of hippuric acid contains one mole of waste nitrogen. Thus, one mole of nitrogen is removed per mole of benzoate when ...
Aminohippuric acid. The excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Ataluren. ... Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Fluorobenzene / Halobenzene / ... Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen ... Benzoic acids / Benzoyl derivatives / Fluorobenzenes / Aryl fluorides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Oxacyclic compounds / ...
Aminohippuric acid. approved, investigational. unknown. inhibitor. Details. DB00917. Dinoprostone. approved. unknown. substrate ... Taurocholic acid. approved, experimental. unknown. inhibitor. Details. DB00770. Alprostadil. approved, investigational. unknown ...
Aminohippuric Acids,N0000011186, p-Aminohippuric Acid,N0000011185, Phosphatidylglycerols,N0000011184, Flavonoids,N0000011183, ... Amino Acids, Diamino,N0000007704, Amino Acids, Cyclic,N0000007703, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain,N0000007702, Penicillanic Acid, ... Clavulanic Acid,N0000005804, Benzoic Acid,N0000005803, Omeprazole,N0000005802, Oxalic Acid,N0000005801, Myristic Acid, ... Acids, Noncarboxylic,N0000007630, Acids, Heterocyclic,N0000007629, Acids, Carbocyclic,N0000007628, Acids, Acyclic,N0000007627, ...
Shimada H, Moewes B, Burckhardt G: Indirect coupling to Na+ of p-aminohippuric acid uptake into rat renal basolateral membrane ... MRP1 and MRP2 share only 49% amino acid identity, but their substrate specificities are very similar (8, 31). Rat MRP2 has an ... 27) identified another renal organic anion transporter, OAT-K1, which is a 669-amino acid protein with a 74-kD molecular mass ... Weinman EJ, Frankfurt SJ, Ince A, Sansom S: Renal tubular transport of organic acids: Studies with oxalate and para- ...
use P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID to search PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID 1975-76; use AMINOHIPPURIC ACIDS 1966-74. History Note. 91(77); was ... Aminohippuric Acids (1966-1976). Public MeSH Note. 91; was see under AMINOHIPPURIC ACIDS 1977-90; was PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID ... see under AMINOHIPPURIC ACIDS 1977-90; was PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID see under AMINOHIPPURIC ACID 1965-76; was PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ... Keto Acids [D02.241.755] * Hippurates [D02.241.755.360] * Aminohippuric Acids [D02.241.755.360.192] * p-Aminohippuric Acid [ ...
... as determined by 99MTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and (ρ-aminohippuric acid) PAH clearances. Although ... in the side chain of the amino acid 3-hydroxyl-N,4-dimethyl-L-2-amino-6-octenoic acid and N-demethylation of N-methyl leucine ... is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant agent consisting of 11 amino acids. It is produced as a metabolite by the fungus ...
... as determined by 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and (p-aminohippuric acid) PAH clearances. Although ... CBC, uric acid, potassium, lipids, and magnesium should also be monitored every 2 weeks for the first 3 months of therapy, and ... Increases in uric acid may occur and attacks of gout have been rarely reported. A minor and dose related hyperbilirubinemia has ... Baseline laboratories should include serum creatinine (on two occasions), BUN, CBC, serum magnesium, potassium, uric acid, and ...
acid answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and ... para-aminohippuric acid. ABBR: PAH, PAHA C9H10N2O3, a derivative of aminobenzoic acid. The salt, para-aminohippurate, is used ... organic acid. An acid containing the carboxyl radical, -COOH. Organic acids include acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, and ... Polyunsaturated fatty acids include linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid.. SEE: fatty acid; SEE: saturated fatty acid ...
acid answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and ... para-aminohippuric acid. ABBR: PAH, PAHA C9H10N2O3, a derivative of aminobenzoic acid. The salt, para-aminohippurate, is used ... organic acid. An acid containing the carboxyl radical, -COOH. Organic acids include acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, and ... Polyunsaturated fatty acids include linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid.. SEE: fatty acid; SEE: saturated fatty acid ...
Aminoethylphosphonic Acid D2.705.50 D2.705.429.249 Aminohippuric Acids D2.241.223.100.120.67 D2.241.223.100.100.100 D2.241. ... D3.383.129.539.850.777.700 p-Aminohippuric Acid D2.241.223.100.120.67.100 D2.241.223.100.50.500.650 D2.241.607.360.192.100 ... D10.251.400.143 Butyric Acid D2.241.81.160.140 D2.241.81.114.750 D10.251.400.241.140 D10.251.400.143.500 Caffeic Acids D2.241. ... B5.80.750.450 Keto Acids D2.241.607 D2.241.755 Ketoglutaric Acids D2.241.607.465 D2.241.755.465 L-Selectin D23.50.301.264. ...
... as well as competitive transport with para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), a substrate for renal organic anion transporters, was ... The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for non-invasive biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 ... Biomonitoring; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; In vitro study; Animals; Laboratory animals; Proteins; Protein chemistry; Models ... Evaluation of non-invasive biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in saliva. ...
Louis, MO). [3H]-estrone-3-sulfate, [3H]-estradiol-17β-glucuronide, [3H]-p-aminohippuric acid, and [3H]-taurocholic acid were ... formic acid in water and 0.2% formic acid in methanol and an injection volume of 1 µL. Mobile phase flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, ... taurocholic acid and cyclosporine (0.4 µM and 20 µM, respectively). Following the 15-minute preincubation time with the ... MEM nonessential amino acids (5%), fetal bovine serum (10%), and penicillin-streptomycin (0.89%). Cells were kept under the ...
77; was AMINOHIPPURIC ACID 1965-76. Online Note. use AMINOHIPPURIC ACIDS to search AMINOHIPPURIC ACID 1966-76. History Note. 77 ... Keto Acids [D02.241.755] * Hippurates [D02.241.755.360] * Aminohippuric Acids [D02.241.755.360.192] * p-Aminohippuric Acid [ ... Aminohippuric Acids [D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.067] * p-Aminohippuric Acid [D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.067.100] ... Aminohippuric Acids [D02.241.223.100.100.100] * p-Aminohippuric Acid [D02.241.223.100.100.100.100] ...
Para-aminohippuric acid (substance). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Para-aminohippuric acid (substance). ...
... para-aminohippuric acid,noun,E0314987,aminohippuric acid,noun,E0008556,yes para-,para-aminohippuric,adj,E0598623,aminohippuric, ... paraaminohippuric acid,noun,E0314987,aminohippuric acid,noun,E0008556,yes para,paraaminohippuric,adj,E0598623,aminohippuric,adj ... para aminobenzoic acid,noun,E0045672,aminobenzoic acid,noun,E0552831,yes para ,para aortic body,noun,E0045673,aortic body,noun, ... para-coumaric acid,noun,E0575682,coumaric acid,noun,E0019363,yes para-,para-crystal,noun,E0337713,crystal,noun,E0020024,yes ...
  • p-Aminohippuric acid, N-(4-Aminobenzoyl)glycine, P. (massbank.jp)
  • A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids. (bvsalud.org)
  • in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Moreover, dietary crude fiber was shown to affect large intestine fermentation and further change the production of volatile fatty acids [ 4 ], and the propionic acid and lactic acid provided from the large intestine were shown to be converted into glucose in the liver [ 5 ]. (animbiosci.org)
  • A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. (drugbank.com)
  • ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Four compounds (silibinin A, myricetin, L-phenylalanine and p-aminohippuric acid) showed no antiviral activity in BUNV-infected Vero cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • All synthesized compounds (5a-5f) showed the most potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 values in the range of 4.39 ± 0.76-1.71 ± 0.49 ^M), comparable to the kojic acid, as reference standard inhibitor. (cyberleninka.org)
  • The compounds 5a-5f demonstrated excellent in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory properties having IC50 values in the range of 4.39 ± 0.76-1.71 ± 0.49 ^M, whereas standard inhibitor, Kojic acid has IC50 value 16.67 ± 0.52 ^M (Table 2 and Figure 1). (cyberleninka.org)
  • Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The excretion of Succinic acid can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. (drugbank.com)
  • On the contrary, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) efficiently inhibited BUNV infection with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.02 mM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Probenecid competitively inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid at the proximal convoluted tubule, thereby promoting its excretion and reducing serum uric acid levels. (mims.com)
  • It increases plasma levels of weak organic acids (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins, or other β-lactam antibiotics) by competitively inhibiting their renal tubular secretion. (mims.com)
  • Oral exposure of wethers to swainsonine via locoweed resulting in subclinical intoxication did not have any perceptible effects on para-aminohippuric acid serum concentrations or any of the pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated. (usda.gov)
  • Succinate is an essential component of the Krebs or citric acid cycle and serves an electron donor in the production of fumaric acid and FADH2. (drugbank.com)
  • It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • C 4 H 7 NO 4 , a nonessential amino acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Differences in neutral amino acid and glucose transport between brush border and basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. (mpg.de)
  • Sidedness of the inhibitory action of disulfonic acids on chloride equilibrium exchange and net transport across the human erythrocyte membrane. (mpg.de)
  • p-Aminohippuric acid transport into brush border vesicles isolated from flounder kidney. (mpg.de)
  • Monitor uric acid, renal function, CBC. (mims.com)
  • The acid is a known carcinogen, and its use has been associated with and may cause end-stage renal disease and cancers of the urinary tract that may occur many years after usage has stopped. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Fasting glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were determined by inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearances. (vumc.nl)
  • Reduces the excretion of some iodinated contrast media and may interfere w/ laboratory tests by decreasing the excretion of aminohippuric acid, phenolsulfonphthalein, and sulfobromophthalein. (mims.com)
  • Belongs to the class of preparations increasing uric acid excretion. (mims.com)
  • C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • H 3 BO 3 , a white crystalline acid that in water forms a very weak acid solution poisonous to plants and animals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Saccharin is a derivative of this acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A study of the relationship between inhibition of anion exchange and binding to the red blood cell membrane of 4,4′-diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and its dihydro derivative (H 2 DIDS). (mpg.de)
  • The solution of 4-amino hippuric acid and sodium nitrite in a 2.5% sodium carbonate was diazotized by slow addition of conc. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) is a non-metabolizable indicator frequently used to measure rates of blood flow through splanchnic vasculature in studies quantifying net flux of nutrients. (usda.gov)
  • An acid reacts with a metal to form a salt, neutralizes bases, and turns litmus paper red. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The coupling components (N,N-dimethylaniline, 1-naphthol, and 2-naphthol) were added to diazonium salt of 4-aminohippuric acid. (cyberleninka.org)
  • The stomach uses both mechan- ical means and chemicals (such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin) to break down food. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • Cyclosporine, the active principle in Gengraf® Oral Solution, is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant agent consisting of 11 amino acids . (rxlist.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for non-invasive biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • As such, the use of para-aminohippuric acid as a measure of blood flow rates to aid in delineating effects of swainsonine on blood flow and nutrient flux through splanchnic tissues of ruminants appears to be an acceptable model. (usda.gov)
  • C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Thus, symptomatic tissue damage associated with swainsonine exposure as indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities did not appear to have deleterious effects on the disposition of para-aminohippuric acid. (usda.gov)
  • Succinic acid has been shown to stimulate neural system recovery and bolster the immune system. (drugbank.com)