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Transfer RNA AminoacylationAminoacylationAmino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesAcylationAlanine-tRNA LigaseAnticodonLeucine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, CysRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylRNA, TransferPhenylalanine-tRNA LigaseIsoleucine-tRNA LigaseValine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, AlaRNA, Transfer, LeuMethionine-tRNA LigaseSerine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, AspRNA, Transfer, ValAspartate-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, IleTyrosine-tRNA LigaseGlycine-tRNA LigaseLysine-tRNA LigaseArginine-tRNA LigaseGlutamate-tRNA LigaseNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, Transfer, ProRNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-SpecificTryptophan-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, SerRNA, Transfer, TrpEscherichia coliThreonine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, ThrRNA, Transfer, MetRNA, Transfer, GluRNA, Transfer, AsnRNA, Transfer, GlnRNA, Transfer, ArgRNA, Transfer, HisRNA, Transfer, TyrRNA, Transfer, PheRNA EditingRNA, Transfer, GlyHistidine-tRNA LigaseBase SequenceRNA, BacterialMolecular Sequence DataRNA, Transfer, LysGenetic CodeKineticsPhenylalanineDiphosphatesSubstrate SpecificitySaccharomyces cerevisiaeValineIsoleucineAmino AcidsProtein BiosynthesisTymovirusAminationThermus thermophilusThiouridineMethanobacteriaceaeMELAS SyndromeMutationMERRF SyndromeModels, MolecularAdenosine MonophosphateBinding SitesOligoribonucleotidesN-FormylmethionineAmino Acid SequenceRNA Ligase (ATP)Adenosine TriphosphateRNA, FungalStructure-Activity RelationshipRNAPeptide Elongation Factor TuMosaic VirusesMagnesiumYeastsBase PairingNitrogenous Group TransferasesMethionineCatalytic DomainGenes, SuppressorPeriodic AcidAlanineLeucineCatalysisRibosomesRibonuclease T1CodonLysineHaloferax volcaniiEvolution, MolecularRNA, ArchaealSequence Homology, Amino Acid
Transfer RNA Aminoacylation
The conversion of uncharged TRANSFER RNA to AMINO ACYL TRNA.
Aminoacylation
A reaction that introduces an aminoacyl group to a molecule. TRANSFER RNA AMINOACYLATION is the first step in GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases
A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AMINO ACIDS.
Acylation
The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.
Alanine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates alanine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.7.
Anticodon
The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.
Leucine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates leucine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.4.
RNA, Transfer, Cys
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying cysteine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl
Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. They are key compounds in the genetic translation process.
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates phenylalanine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.20.
Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates isoleucine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.5.
Valine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates valine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.9
RNA, Transfer, Ala
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying alanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Leu
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying leucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Methionine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates methionine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.10.
Serine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates serine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.11.
RNA, Transfer, Asp
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Val
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying valine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Aspartate-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates aspartic acid with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.12.
RNA, Transfer, Ile
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying isoleucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates tyrosine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.1.
Glycine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates glycine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.14.
Lysine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates lysine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.6.
Arginine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates arginine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.19.
Glutamate-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates glutamic acid with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.17.
Nucleic Acid Conformation
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
RNA, Transfer, Pro
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying proline to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific
A group of transfer RNAs which are specific for carrying each one of the 20 amino acids to the ribosome in preparation for protein synthesis.
Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates tryptophan with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.2.
RNA, Transfer, Ser
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying serine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Trp
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tryptophan to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Threonine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates threonine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.3.
RNA, Transfer, Thr
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying threonine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Met
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying methionine to sites on the ribosomes. During initiation of protein synthesis, tRNA(f)Met in prokaryotic cells and tRNA(i)Met in eukaryotic cells binds to the start codon (CODON, INITIATOR).
RNA, Transfer, Glu
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Asn
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying asparagine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Gln
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Arg
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying arginine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, His
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying histidine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Tyr
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tyrosine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA, Transfer, Phe
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying phenylalanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
RNA, Transfer, Gly
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Histidine-tRNA Ligase
An enzyme that activates histidine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.21.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA, Transfer, Lys
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying lysine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.
Genetic Code
The meaning ascribed to the BASE SEQUENCE with respect to how it is translated into AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. The start, stop, and order of amino acids of a protein is specified by consecutive triplets of nucleotides called codons (CODON).
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Phenylalanine
An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.
Diphosphates
Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Valine
A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.
Isoleucine
An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.
Amino Acids
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.
Protein Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.
Tymovirus
A genus of plant viruses, in the family TYMOVIRIDAE, possessing a narrow host range that includes CRUCIFERAE. Transmission occurs by BEETLES and mechanical inoculation.
Amination
The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.
Thermus thermophilus
A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in hot springs of neutral to alkaline pH, as well as in hot-water heaters.
Thiouridine
A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.
Methanobacteriaceae
A family of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIALES. Cell membranes are composed mainly of polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons ether-linked to glycerol. Its organisms are found in anaerobic habitats throughout nature.
MELAS Syndrome
A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
MERRF Syndrome
A mitochondrial encephalomyopathy characterized clinically by a mixed seizure disorder, myoclonus, progressive ataxia, spasticity, and a mild myopathy. Dysarthria, optic atrophy, growth retardation, deafness, and dementia may also occur. This condition tends to present in childhood and to be transmitted via maternal lineage. Muscle biopsies reveal ragged-red fibers and respiratory chain enzymatic defects. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p986)
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Adenosine Monophosphate
Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Oligoribonucleotides
A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
N-Formylmethionine
Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
RNA Ligase (ATP)
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 6.5.1.3.
Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
RNA, Fungal
Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Peptide Elongation Factor Tu
A protein found in bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria which delivers aminoacyl-tRNA's to the A site of the ribosome. The aminoacyl-tRNA is first bound to a complex of elongation factor Tu containing a molecule of bound GTP. The resulting complex is then bound to the 70S initiation complex. Simultaneously the GTP is hydrolyzed and a Tu-GDP complex is released from the 70S ribosome. The Tu-GTP complex is regenerated from the Tu-GDP complex by the Ts elongation factor and GTP.
Mosaic Viruses
Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.
Magnesium
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Yeasts
A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.
Base Pairing
Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.
Nitrogenous Group Transferases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of nitrogenous groups, primarily amino groups, from a donor, generally an amino acid, to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxoacid. EC 2.6.
Methionine
A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.
Catalytic Domain
The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.
Genes, Suppressor
Genes that have a suppressor allele or suppressor mutation (SUPPRESSION, GENETIC) which cancels the effect of a previous mutation, enabling the wild-type phenotype to be maintained or partially restored. For example, amber suppressors cancel the effect of an AMBER NONSENSE MUTATION.
Periodic Acid
A strong oxidizing agent.
Alanine
A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Leucine
An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.
Catalysis
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Ribosomes
Multicomponent ribonucleoprotein structures found in the CYTOPLASM of all cells, and in MITOCHONDRIA, and PLASTIDS. They function in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS via GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Ribonuclease T1
An enzyme catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA at the 3'-position of a guanylate residue. EC 3.1.27.3.
Codon
A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).
Lysine
An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.
Haloferax volcanii
A species of halophilic archaea found in the Dead Sea.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
RNA, Archaeal
Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Biocatalysis
The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.
Peptide Elongation Factor 1
Peptide elongation factor 1 is a multisubunit protein that is responsible for the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to eukaryotic ribosomes. The alpha subunit (EF-1alpha) binds aminoacyl-tRNA and transfers it to the ribosome in a process linked to GTP hydrolysis. The beta and delta subunits (EF-1beta, EF-1delta) are involved in exchanging GDP for GTP. The gamma subunit (EF-1gamma) is a structural component.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Sulfites
Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
A species of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family BACILLACEAE, found in soil, hot springs, Arctic waters, ocean sediments, and spoiled food products.
Crystallography, X-Ray
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Guanine
Hydrogen Bonding
A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.
Plant Viruses
Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.
Suppression, Genetic
Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.
Peptide Biosynthesis
The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Poly U
A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.
Peptide Elongation Factors
Protein factors uniquely required during the elongation phase of protein synthesis.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Point Mutation
A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.
Methanococcus
A genus of anaerobic coccoid METHANOCOCCACEAE whose organisms are motile by means of polar tufts of flagella. These methanogens are found in salt marshes, marine and estuarine sediments, and the intestinal tract of animals.
Mutagenesis
Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.
Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational
A process of GENETIC TRANSLATION, when an amino acid is transferred from its cognate TRANSFER RNA to the lengthening chain of PEPTIDES.
Hydrolysis
The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.
RNA, Catalytic
RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.
Chemistry
A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.
Tryptophan
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Archaeoglobus fulgidus
A species of extremely thermophilic, sulfur-reducing archaea. It grows at a maximum temperature of 95 degrees C. in marine or deep-sea geothermal areas.
Chemical Phenomena
The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)
RNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Enzymes that catalyze the template-directed incorporation of ribonucleotides into an RNA chain. EC 2.7.7.-.
Pyrophosphatases
A group of enzymes within the class EC 3.6.1.- that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds, chiefly in nucleoside di- and triphosphates. They may liberate either a mono- or diphosphate. EC 3.6.1.-.
Models, Chemical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Cytosine
A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.
Uridine
Archaea
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational
A process of GENETIC TRANSLATION whereby the formation of a peptide chain is started. It includes assembly of the RIBOSOME components, the MESSENGER RNA coding for the polypeptide to be made, INITIATOR TRNA, and PEPTIDE INITIATION FACTORS; and placement of the first amino acid in the peptide chain. The details and components of this process are unique for prokaryotic protein biosynthesis and eukaryotic protein biosynthesis.
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
Base Composition
The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.
Threonine
An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.
Spermine
A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Adenosine
A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.
Bacillus subtilis
A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.
Deoxyribonucleotides
A purine or pyrimidine base bonded to a DEOXYRIBOSE containing a bond to a phosphate group.
Chromatography
Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.
Uracil
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Serine
A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.
Ribonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
Conserved Sequence
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.
Adenine
A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.
Histidine
An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Macromolecular Substances
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
Cytoplasm
The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
DNA, Mitochondrial
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.
Escherichia coli Proteins
Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.
RNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.
Binding, Competitive
The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

5'-Capping structures of Artemia salina mRNA and the translational inhibition by cap analogs. (1/111)

The mRNA of the brain shrimp Artemia salina has two types of blocked methylated 5'-terminal structures (caps). About 75% of the mRNA molecules have the 5'-end structure of m7G5'ppp5'-AmpGp and about 25% have the structure of m7G5'ppp5'GmpGp. The only other type of methylated residue found in Artemia mRNA is N6-methyladenosine and which is located at internal positions along the mRNA chain. Translation of Artemia cyst or nauplius poly(A)-rich mRNA in wheat-germ extracts was found to be inhibited by 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate, a chemical analog of the cap, as well as by snythetic caps such as m7G5'ppp5'Gm. On the other hand, the elongation activity on endonegous mRNA in an Artemia cell-free system was not sensitive to 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate.  (+info)

Translational step inhibited in vivo by aflatoxin B1 in rat-liver polysomes. (2/111)

Aflatoxin B1 strongly inhibits protein synthesis in rat liver cells. We previously demonstrated that this inhibition could be divided into two steps: up to 5 h aflatoxin blocks protein synthesis directly and specifically at the polysome level; beyond 7 h protein synthesis inhibition appears chiefly as a consequence of transcription impairment due to drug action. This paper confirms the foregoing results and represents an attempt to localize the translational step inhibited in vivo by aflatoxin B1. We used the simulation study developed by Li, Kisilevsky, Wasan and Hammond, 1972 (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 272, 451-462) to determine precisely the site inhibited in vivo after drug intoxication. This analysis is based on two parameters: the kinetics of polysome labeling to follow the nascent peptide synthesis, and the kinetics of supernatant labeling to follow the completed protein synthesis. Up to 5 h after dosing, aflatoxin specifically inhibits the elongation and/or termination steps during protein synthesis; after longer periods of time inhibition occurs essentially at the initiation step. When the intracellular concentration of aflatoxin is too high, particularly 2 h after dosing, each step of protein synthesis is blocked. Polypeptide synthesis by the postmitochondrial supernatants isolated from aflatoxin-treated animals is impaired in the same proportion as protein synthesis in vivo. The damage caused by aflatoxin is mostly observed on microsomes. However, purified polysomes isolated from aflatoxin-treated rats synthesize proteins in vitro to the same extent as those from controls. These results suggest that aflatoxin metabolite(s) are bound to polysomes with noncovalent bonds. These active metabolites are probably lost during polysome isolation procedures. Finally, relationships between protein metabolism and aflatoxin carcinogenesis are discussed.  (+info)

Polyanion-induced release of polyribosomes from HeLa cell nuclei. (3/111)

Intact detergent-washed HeLa nuclei contain a population of polyribisomes that were released by exposure to polyanions such as RNA or poly(U). The released material appeared by electron microscopic examination to be particles averaging about 200 to 300 angstroms in diameter. Sedimentation velocity analysis of the released particles indicated that the particles had S20,w values of 75 and 110. The particles stimulated amino acid incorporation in an ascites S-30 or S-100 extract at 2.5 mM Mg2+. Studies with a variety of antibiotics indicated that these polyribosomes were capable of elongating but not initiating protein synthesis. Although these polyribosomes may be of cytoplasmic origin, they appear unique in that agents thought to disperse chromatin are required for their release from the nucleus.  (+info)

Properties of biologically active messenger RNA from human placenta. Cell-free synthesis of two immunoreactive forms of placental lactogen. (4/111)

In order to understand better the regulation of human placental proteins the activity of placental lactogen messenger RNA has been examined. Total RNA was extracted from normal term placentas and purified by chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. The poly(A)-containing fraction stimulated amino acid incorporation 5- to 10-fold in wheat germ cell-free extracts, and immunoprecipitation of the translation products with antiserum directed against human placental lactogen (hPL) suggests that about 2% of the peptides contain hPL determinants. Analysis of the material precipitated with hPL antiserum by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels revealed two major species, one co-migrating with hPL and the other migrating slightly slower than hPL. On DEAE-cellulose chromatography the former material eluted close to authentic hPL while the latter material eluted at higher ionic strength than hPL, indicating a difference in net charge of these two species. Tryptic peptide analysis of the large material and authentic hPL shows marked similarities in the primary structure of these two proteins. The slower migrating peptide has an apparent molecular weight about 3000 larger than hPL and thus may represent a precursor molecule. Both cell-free products could be competed out of immunoprecipitates by a large excess of authentic hPL, confirming their immunologic similarities. Centrifugation of the placental poly(A)-containing RNA through aqueous glycerol gradients indicates that the hPL mRNA sediments at about 14 S.  (+info)

(De)regulation of key enzyme steps in the shikimate pathway and phenylalanine-specific pathway of the actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica. (5/111)

Prephenate dehydratase (PDT), chorismate mutase (CM) and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-7-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase are key regulatory enzymes in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the actinomycete Amycolatopsis methanolica. Deregulated, feedback-control-resistant mutants were isolated by incubation of A. methanolica on glucose mineral agar containing the toxic analogue p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine (pFPhe). Several of these mutants had completely lost PDT sensitivity to Phe inhibition and Tyr activation. Mutant characterization yielded new information about PDT amino acid residues involved in Phe and Tyr effector binding sites. A. methanolica wild-type cells grown on glucose mineral medium normally possess a bifunctional CM/DAHP synthase protein complex (with DS1, a plant-type DAHP synthase). The CM activity of this protein complex is feedback-inhibited by Tyr and Phe, while DS1 activity is mainly inhibited by Trp. Isolation of pFPhe-resistant mutants yielded two feedback-inhibition-resistant CM mutants. These were characterized as regulatory mutants, derepressed in (a) synthesis of CM, now occurring as an abundant, feedback-inhibition-resistant, separate protein, and (b) synthesis of an alternative DAHP synthase (DS2, an E. coli-type DAHP synthase), only inhibited by Tyr and Trp. DS1 and DS2 thus are well integrated in A. methanolica primary metabolism: DS1 and CM form a protein complex, which stimulates CM activity and renders it sensitive to feedback inhibition by Phe and Tyr. Synthesis of CM and DS2 proteins appears to be controlled co-ordinately, sensitive to Phe-mediated feedback repression.  (+info)

Achieving error-free translation; the mechanism of proofreading of threonyl-tRNA synthetase at atomic resolution. (6/111)

The fidelity of aminoacylation of tRNA(Thr) by the threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) requires the discrimination of the cognate substrate threonine from the noncognate serine. Misacylation by serine is corrected in a proofreading or editing step. An editing site has been located 39 A away from the aminoacylation site. We report the crystal structures of this editing domain in its apo form and in complex with the serine product, and with two nonhydrolyzable analogs of potential substrates: the terminal tRNA adenosine charged with serine, and seryl adenylate. The structures show how serine is recognized, and threonine rejected, and provide the structural basis for the editing mechanism, a water-mediated hydrolysis of the mischarged tRNA. When the adenylate analog binds in the editing site, a phosphate oxygen takes the place of one of the catalytic water molecules, thereby blocking the reaction. This rules out a correction mechanism that would occur before the binding of the amino acid on the tRNA.  (+info)

Comparative analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with the G8363A and A8296G mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) gene. (7/111)

Two mutations (G8363A and A8296G) in the mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) tRNA(Lys) gene have been associated with severe mitochondrial diseases in a number of reports. Their functional significance, however, remains unknown. We have already shown that homoplasmic cybrids harbouring the A8296G mutation display normal oxidative phosphorylation, although the possibility of a subtle change in mitochondrial respiratory capacity remains an open issue. We have now investigated the pathogenic mechanism of another mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene (G8363A) by repopulating an mtDNA-less human osteosarcoma cell line with mitochondria harbouring either this genetic variant alone or an unusual combination of the two mutations (A8296G+G8363A). Cybrids homoplasmic for the single G8363A or the A8296G+G8363A mutations have defective respiratory-chain enzyme activities and low oxygen consumption, indicating a severe impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Generation of G8363A cybrids within a wild-type or the A8296G mtDNA genetic backgrounds resulted in an important alteration in the conformation of the tRNA(Lys), not affecting tRNA steady-state levels. Moreover, mutant cybrids have an important decrease in the proportion of amino-acylated tRNA(Lys) and, consequently, mitochondrial protein synthesis is greatly decreased. Our results demonstrate that the pathogenicity of the G8363A mutation is due to a change in the conformation of the tRNA that severely impairs aminoacylation in the absence of changes in tRNA stability. The only effect detected in the A8296G mutation is a moderate decrease in the aminoacylation capacity, which does not affect mitochondrial protein biosynthesis.  (+info)

Divergent anticodon recognition in contrasting glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. (8/111)

The pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori utilizes two essential glutamyl-tRNA synthetases (GluRS1 and GluRS2). These two enzymes are closely related in evolution and yet they aminoacylate contrasting tRNAs. GluRS1 is a canonical discriminating GluRS (D-GluRS) that biosynthesizes Glu-tRNA(Glu) and cannot make Glu-tRNA(Gln). In contrast, GluRS2 is non-canonical as it is only essential for the production of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln). The co-existence and evident divergence of these two enzymes was capitalized upon to directly examine how GluRS2 acquired tRNA(Gln) specificity. One key feature that distinguishes tRNA(Glu) from tRNA(Gln) is the third position in the anticodon of each tRNA (C36 versus G36, respectively). By comparing sequence alignments of different GluRSs, including GluRS1s and GluRS2s, to the crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilus D-GluRS:tRNA(Glu) complex, a divergent pattern of conservation in enzymes that aminoacylate tRNA(Glu)versus those specific for tRNA(Gln) emerged and was experimentally validated. In particular, when an arginine conserved in discriminating GluRSs and GluRS1s was inserted into Hp GluRS2 (Glu334Arg GluRS2), the catalytic efficiency of the mutant enzyme (k(cat)/K(Mapp)) was reduced by approximately one order of magnitude towards tRNA(Gln). However, this mutation did not introduce activity towards tRNA(Glu). In contrast, disruption of a glycine that is conserved in all GluRS2s but not in other GluRSs (Gly417Thr GluRS2) generated a mutant GluRS2 with weak activity towards tRNA(Glu1). Synergy between these two mutations was observed in the double mutant (Glu334Arg/Gly417Thr GluRS2), which specifically and more robustly aminoacylates tRNA(Glu1) instead of tRNA(Gln). As GluRS1 and GluRS2 are related by an apparent gene duplication event, these results demonstrate that we can experimentally map critical evolutionary events in the emergence of new tRNA specificities.  (+info)

Cellular mechanisms that control mistranslation | Meta
Mistranslation broadly encompasses the introduction of errors during any step of protein synthesis, leading to the incorporation of an amino acid that is different from the one encoded by the gene. Recent research has vastly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms that control mistranslation at the molecular level and has led to the discovery that the rates of mistranslation in vivo are not fixed but instead are variable. In this Review we describe the different steps in translation quality control and their variations under different growth conditions and between species though a comparison of in vitro and in vivo findings. This provides new insights as to why mistranslation can have both positive and negative effects on growth and viability. ...
https://www.meta.org/papers/cellular-mechanisms-that-control/21079633
WARS2 antibody | acris-antibodies.com
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with…
https://www.acris-antibodies.com/target/wars2-antibody.htm
Design of S-Allylcysteine in Situ Production and Incorporation Based on a Novel Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Variant •...Design of S-Allylcysteine in Situ Production and Incorporation Based on a Novel Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Variant •...
The noncanonical amino acid S-allyl cysteine (Sac) is one of the major compounds of garlic extract and exhibits a range of biological activities. It is also a small bioorthogonal alkene tag capable of undergoing controlled chemical modifications, such as photoinduced thiol-ene coupling or Pd-mediated deprotection. Its small size guarantees minimal interference with protein structure and function. Here, we report a simple protocol efficiently to couple in-situ semisynthetic biosynthesis of Sac and its incorporation into proteins in response to amber (UAG) stop codons. We exploited the exceptional malleability of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and evolved an S-allylcysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (SacRS) capable of specifically accepting the small, polar amino acid instead of its long and bulky aliphatic natural substrate. We succeeded in generating a novel and inexpensive strategy for the incorporation of a functionally versatile amino acid. This will help in the conversion of orthogonal ...
http://www.sfb765.de/publikationen/b05048/index.html
A mammalian cell mutant with an altered alanyl-trna synthetase. Abstr by K SatoA mammalian cell mutant with an altered alanyl-trna synthetase. Abstr by K Sato
Sato, K, A mammalian cell mutant with an altered alanyl-trna synthetase. Abstr. (1976). Subject Strain Bibliography 1976. 2737 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1976/2737/
3D View - 2ZIN: Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase in complex with BocLys and an...3D View - 2ZIN: Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase in complex with BocLys and an...
2ZIN: Multistep Engineering of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase to Genetically Encode N(varepsilon)-(o-Azidobenzyloxycarbonyl) lysine for Site-Specific Protein Modification
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/jmol.do?structureId=2ZIN&bionumber=1
Amino Acids • Natural Amino Acid Supplements | iHerb - iHerbAmino Acids • Natural Amino Acid Supplements | iHerb - iHerb
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Amino Acids • Natural Amino Acid Supplements | iHerb - iHerbAmino Acids • Natural Amino Acid Supplements | iHerb - iHerb
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100% pH 5.5 Natural Amino Acid Base Bar : Skin care, GENESIS, cosmetic100% pH 5.5 Natural Amino Acid Base Bar : Skin care, GENESIS, cosmetic
100% pH 5.5 Natural Amino Acid Base Bar The GENESIS N-Amino Bar is especially effective for sensitive and tender baby or Atopic skin.. If you have a very sensitive skin, you should use a soap that is mild on the skin.. I bet N-amino bar can't be compared with others.. ...
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Advanced Facials - HealthAccel - HealthAccelAdvanced Facials - HealthAccel - HealthAccel
An Excellent first time treatment for both men and women looking for a relaxing treatment, and for those who do not want to experience peeling. PCA Skin products are customized to your needs and goals. It includes deep cleansing and exfoliating, a light enzyme treatment to even texture and minimize the appearance of pores, a deep hydrating antioxidant treatment to soothe and hydrate impaired skin conditions of all kinds while improving the skins overall appearance, a relaxing facial massage, toning, corrections, and moisturizing based on your skin type, leaving your skin looking healthy, dewy and beautiful. It comes with your choice of a Hand & arm, or Foot massage. Extractions are also included. ​(55 Minutes) ...
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Low level genome mistranslations deregulate the transcriptome and translatome and generate proteotoxic stress in yeast | BMC...Low level genome mistranslations deregulate the transcriptome and translatome and generate proteotoxic stress in yeast | BMC...
Organisms use highly accurate molecular processes to transcribe their genes and a variety of mRNA quality control and ribosome proofreading mechanisms to maintain intact the fidelity of genetic information flow. Despite this, low level gene translational errors induced by mutations and environmental factors cause neurodegeneration and premature death in mice and mitochondrial disorders in humans. Paradoxically, such errors can generate advantageous phenotypic diversity in fungi and bacteria through poorly understood molecular processes. In order to clarify the biological relevance of gene translational errors we have engineered codon misreading in yeast and used profiling of total and polysome-associated mRNAs, molecular and biochemical tools to characterize the recombinant cells. We demonstrate here that gene translational errors, which have negligible impact on yeast growth rate down-regulate protein synthesis, activate the unfolded protein response and environmental stress response pathways, and down
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-10-55
Background Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze the first step of protein synthesis. | ATR inhibitors VE-821 and VX-970...Background Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze the first step of protein synthesis. | ATR inhibitors VE-821 and VX-970...
Background Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze the first step of protein synthesis. We also established a strategy to check the natural activity of rhTyrRS by calculating aminoacylation and IL-8 launch in rhTyrRS-treated HL-60 cells. Conclusions The characterization of purified rhTyrRS indicated that proteins could be found in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research. and animal research could possibly be carried out to judge its toxic and pharmacologic results then. In this scholarly study, rhTyrRS was indicated at a higher level in and purified for potential preclinical testing. Strategies Cells and antibodies The skilled stress BL21 (F-ompT hsdS (rB-mB-) gal dcm; providded by aTyr Pharma) was utilized as the sponsor for rhTyrRS manifestation. This stress was transformed using the pET24a inducible manifestation vector where the His-tag series was deleted as well as the T7 promoter was changed having a Tac promoter. A mouse anti-human IL-8 monoclonal antibody ...
http://icrs-world-congress.org/background-aminoacyl-trna-synthetases-aarss-catalyze-the-first-step-of-protein-synthesis/
AARS Polyclonal Antibody | EpiGentekAARS Polyclonal Antibody | EpiGentek
Background The human alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) belongs to a family of tRNA synthases, of the class II enzymes. Class II tRNA synthases evolved early in evolution and are highly conserved. This is reflected by the fact...
https://www.epigentek.com/catalog/aars-polyclonal-antibody-p-81918.html
AARS1 Gene - GeneCards | SYAC Protein | SYAC AntibodyAARS1 Gene - GeneCards | SYAC Protein | SYAC Antibody
Complete information for AARS1 gene (Protein Coding), Alanyl-TRNA Synthetase 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=AARS1
LARS2 - Probable leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - LARS2 gene & proteinLARS2 - Probable leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - LARS2 gene & protein
mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrion, leucine-tRNA ligase activity, leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation, mitochondrial translation, tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q15031
Les problèmes, leurs expériences et leurs publics… - Sociologie et sociétés - ÉruditLes problèmes, leurs expériences et leurs publics… - Sociologie et sociétés - Érudit
Les problèmes, leurs expériences et leurs publics : une enquête pragmatiste. An article from journal Sociologie et sociétés (Problèmes, expériences, publics : enquêtes pragmatistes), on Érudit.
https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/socsoc/2019-v51-n1-2-socsoc05787/1074730ar/
Montiff Amino Starter 100 grams | MontiffMontiff Amino Starter 100 grams | Montiff
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Inolex Expands AminoSensyl Range - HAPPIInolex Expands AminoSensyl Range - HAPPI
Inolex is introducing two breakthrough products, AminoSensyl HC and AminoSensyl SC, to its 100% natural amino lipid technology platform. Both products are part of Inolexs patented AminoSensyl range, a portfolio of next generation conditioning
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One ancestor for two codes viewed from the perspective of two complementary modes of tRNA aminoacylation | Biology Direct |...
The genetic code is brought into action by 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes are evenly divided into two classes (I and II) that recognize tRNAs from the minor and major groove sides of the acceptor stem, respectively. We have reported recently that: (1) ribozymic precursors of the synthetases seem to have used the same two sterically mirror modes of tRNA recognition, (2) having these two modes might have helped in preventing erroneous aminoacylation of ancestral tRNAs with complementary anticodons, yet (3) the risk of confusion for the presumably earliest pairs of complementarily encoded amino acids had little to do with anticodons. Accordingly, in this communication we focus on the acceptor stem. Our main result is the emergence of a palindrome structure for the acceptor stems common ancestor, reconstructed from the phylogenetic trees of Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. In parallel, for pairs of ancestral tRNAs with complementary anticodons, we present updated evidence of concerted
https://0-biologydirect-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/1745-6150-4-4
In vitro studies on biodegradable chiral nanostructure poly(amide-imide)s containing different natural amino acids in green...In vitro studies on biodegradable chiral nanostructure poly(amide-imide)s containing different natural amino acids in green...
S. Mallakpour; M. Iderli and M.R. Sabzalian. Designed Monomers and Polymers, 2013, 16, 509-514. In vitro studies on biodegradable chiral nanostructure poly(amide-imide)s containing different natural amino acids in green medium. S. Mallakpour; M. Iderli and M.R. Sabzalian. Designed Monomers and Polymers, 2013, 16, 509-514. In vitro studies on biodegradable chiral nanostructure
https://mallakpour.iut.ac.ir/content/vitro-studies-biodegradable-chiral-nanostructure-polyamide-imides-containing-different
Properties of the Functioning of the Promoter of the Microcin C51 Operon under Different Conditions of Escherichia coliCell...Properties of the Functioning of the Promoter of the Microcin C51 Operon under Different Conditions of Escherichia coliCell...
Read Properties of the Functioning of the Promoter of the Microcin C51 Operon under Different Conditions of Escherichia coliCell Growth, Russian Journal of Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/properties-of-the-functioning-of-the-promoter-of-the-microcin-c51-qwmqIzcEk8
OG 01 0005950 details
View comparative expression as heatmap: raw , row-normalized. Trees: OG0005950_tree (Phylogenetic Tree) Specific for Archaeplastida. GO Terms (top 5): tRNA aminoacylation, tRNA metabolic process, amino acid activation, ncRNA metabolic process, cellular amino acid metabolic process InterPro domains (top 3): aa-tRNA-synt_IIb, tRNA_SAD, Anticodon-bd ...
https://conekt.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/family/view/5951
Modeling with in vitro kinetic parameters for the elaboration of transfer RNA identity in vivoModeling with in vitro kinetic parameters for the elaboration of transfer RNA identity in vivo
A tRNA with double identity was created, and this tRNA was demonstrated in vitro to aminoacylate quantitatively with either of two amino acids. In contrast, acceptance of only one of these amino acids was observed in vivo, and a simple manipulation determined which one was accepted. Kinetic parameters were obtained for aminoacylation with each amino acid of the tRNA with double identity and of related tRNAs. Modeling with these parameters largely explains which amino acid specificity is observed in vivo. The results delineate some of the kinetic boundaries for the design and accommodation of tRNA sequence variations in the elaboration of identity in vivo ...
https://vivo.scripps.edu/display/endnote189060
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https://www.211quebecregions.ca/en/organization/tremplin-le-centre-pour-personnes-immigrantes-et-leurs-familles-QBC2130
Genetic code expansion in model organismsGenetic code expansion in model organisms
Expanding the Genetic Code using the PylRS/tRNACUA pair. A. An unnatural amino acid (blue star) is taken up by the cell. It is specifically recognized by an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and attached to the orthogonal amber suppressor tRNACUA (blue trident), which is decoded on the ribosome in response to an amber codon. Natural amino acids are shown as black ovals. B. Orthogonal synthetase tRNACUA pairs are generated in two steps: import of a heterologous tRNACUA into a host containing a set of natural synthetases (grey) that use natural amino acids, and the subsequent selection of a mutated active site in the orthogonal synthetase to recognize the unnatural amino acid. C. A large library of active site variants of the synthetase is subject to positive selection for activity with either natural or unnatural amino acids, by virtue of their ability to suppress a stop codon in a gene essential for survival. Synthetases using natural amino acids are subsequently removed by a negative ...
http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/ccsb/?page_id=55
Activation of the expression of the microcin C51 operon upon glucose starvation of cells at the exponential growth phase,...Activation of the expression of the microcin C51 operon upon glucose starvation of cells at the exponential growth phase,...
Read Activation of the expression of the microcin C51 operon upon glucose starvation of cells at the exponential growth phase, Russian Journal of Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/activation-of-the-expression-of-the-microcin-c51-operon-upon-glucose-HSmknuPnYj
MARS Full-Length MS Protein Standard - Creative Proteomics
MARS Full-Length MS Protein Standard (NP_004981), Labeled with [U- 13C6, 15N4]-L-Arginine and [U- 13C6, 15N2]-L-Lysine, was produced in human 293 cells (HEK293) with fully chemically defined cell culture medium to obtain incorporation efficiency at Creative-Proteomics. This gene encodes a member of the class I family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded protein is a component of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and catalyzes the ligation of methionine to tRNA molecules.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpfl302932_1443.htm
DARS2 - Aspartate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - DARS2 gene & proteinDARS2 - Aspartate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - DARS2 gene & protein
mitochondrial matrix, mitochondrion, nucleus, aspartate-tRNA ligase activity, aspartate-tRNA(Asn) ligase activity, ATP binding, protein homodimerization activity, tRNA binding, mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation, tRNA aminoacylation
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6PI48
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AARS Hot Topics - July 15, 2017 Issue | American Acne and Rosacea SocietyAARS Hot Topics - July 15, 2017 Issue | American Acne and Rosacea Society
July 15 2017 Issue The semi-monthly AARS online Hot Topics Newsletter is an exclusive AARS member benefit! You dont need to spend countless hours perusing your typical online sources when you have this! Stay informed today by becoming an AARS member and receiving the Hot Topics!
https://acneandrosacea.org/updates/newsletter/hot-topics-july-15-2017-issue
Wydział Chemii/Faculty of ChemistryWydział Chemii/Faculty of Chemistry
Dissolution enthalpies of several natural amino acids (l-α-asparagine, l-α-glutamine, l-α-aspartic acid, l-α-glutamic acid, l-α-arginine, l-α-lysine and l-α-histidine) were measured in aqueous solutions of potassium chloride ...
https://repozytorium.uni.lodz.pl/handle/11089/2
Higher Nature Arginine Capsules 120 | Landys ChemistHigher Nature Arginine Capsules 120 | Landys Chemist
Arginine Capsules can be taken for a healthy heart. Arginine is a natural amino acid which has powerful vasodilatory properties. It may help maintain healthy blood flow to the heart. ✓Authorised Higher Nature Stockist ✓Free Delivery on £15 Orders
https://www.landyschemist.com/higher-nature-arginine-capsules-120
The multiple roles of histidine in protein interactions | SpringerLinkThe multiple roles of histidine in protein interactions | SpringerLink
Background Among the 20 natural amino acids histidine is the most active and versatile member that plays the multiple roles in protein interactions, often the key residue in enzyme catalytic...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1752-153X-7-44
Fitness Tips Archives - Online Yoga, Fitness and Health Information
L-Arginine is a natural amino acid which during the process of digestion is converted into nitric oxide and released in blood stream. L-Arginine is … ...
http://puregarciniacambogiaonline.com/fitness-tips/
Menopause Relief - Deham CareMenopause Relief - Deham Care
The Ingredients that matter for Menoxcel Menopause symptoms are the result of imbalances within the body. Menoxcel works on the underlying cause of menopause symptoms by bringing the natural amino acids, vitamins & minerals into balance. While many supplements contain generic herbal ingredients, Menoxcel contains
https://www.dehamcare.com/pages/menopause-relief
Anti-Homosexuality In The Bible a Mistranslation?Anti-Homosexuality In The Bible a Mistranslation?
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/) is any non-penile/vaginal copulation-like act, such as oral or anal sex, or sex between a person and an animal. Dont sodomize my mouth!
http://www.thethinkingatheist.com/forum/Thread-Anti-Homosexuality-In-The-Bible-a-Mistranslation?page=2
Natural Amino - Supplement WarehouseNatural Amino - Supplement Warehouse
Serving Size: 1 ScoopServings per Container: 30 Amount Per Serving %Daily ValueCalories 12g Calories from Fat 0Total Fat 0 0%Carbohydrates 3g 1% Sugar 1g Fiber
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Calendar - TalitresCalendar - Talitres
Calendar , second long format de Motorama, fut le premier à bénéficier dune distribution commerciale. Très largement reconnus chez eux, faisant preuve dune soif dautonomie à toute épreuve, les musiciens éditaient auparavant eux même leurs CDs, réalisaient leurs vidéos clips, photos de presse, organisaient en interne leurs concerts dont une tournée européenne en 2011 et quelques festivals dimportance (Afisha Picnic, Exit).. Soit dix compositions pop aux cicatrices saillantes, dix perles addictives où lon retrouve cette spontanéité, cette douceur et cette fragilité à la tension sous-jacente qui habitent leurs titres. Si lon pense bien sûr aux fantômes de Joy Division, à The National, Interpol voire la pop rêveuse de Belle & Sebastian, leur musique demeure délicieusement moderne et insaisissable. ...
http://www.talitres.com/fr/albums/calendar.html
EnglishEnglish
Apr 20, 2017 , Mistranslations. We have all seen how translation blunders can be humorous at times. While some may be entertaining, others cause quite a stir. There are entire websites dedicated to pointing out these translation errors on objects such as clothing or signs. Equally, you can discover ...
https://lifesciences.csoftintl.com/blog/tags/mistranslation/
Aminoacylation and translational quality control strategy employed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase from a human pathogen with genetic...
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases should ensure high accuracy in tRNA aminoacylation. However, the absence of significant structural differences between amino acids always poses a direct challenge for some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, such as leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), which require editing function to remove mis-activated amino acids. In the cytoplasm of the human pathogen Candida albicans, the CUG codon is translated as both Ser and Leu by a uniquely evolved CatRNASer(CAG). Its cytoplasmic LeuRS (CaLeuRS) is a crucial component for CUG codon ambiguity and harbors only one CUG codon at position 919. Comparison of the activity of CaLeuRS-Ser919 and CaLeuRS-Leu919 revealed yeast LeuRSs have a relaxed tRNA recognition capacity. We also studied the mis-activation and editing of non-cognate amino acids by CaLeuRS. Interestingly, we found that CaLeuRS is naturally deficient in tRNA-dependent pre-transfer editing for non-cognate norvaline while displaying a weak tRNA-dependent pre-transfer editing ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/nar/gkt741
PRIME PubMed | Inhibition of selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec aminoacylation provides evidence that aminoacylation is required for...PRIME PubMed | Inhibition of selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec aminoacylation provides evidence that aminoacylation is required for...
PubMed journal article Inhibition of selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec aminoacylation provides evidence that aminoacylation is required for regulatory methylation of this tRN were found in PRIME PubMed. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21624347/Inhibition_of_selenocysteine_tRNA%5BSer%5DSec_aminoacylation_provides_evidence_that_aminoacylation_is_required_for_regulatory_methylation_of_this_tRNA_
Leucyl‐tRNA synthetase from the ancestral bacterium Aquifex aeolicus contains relics of synthetase evolution | The EMBO Journal
Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) comprise an ancient, diverse enzyme family that catalyzes specific attachment of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and ensures the accurate translation of the genetic code in the first step of protein synthesis (Carter, 1993; Martinis and Schimmel, 1996). The aminoacylation reaction is accomplished by a two‐step process: (a) activation of amino acids with ATP, forming aminoacyl adenylate, and (b) transfer of the aminoacyl residue to the 3′‐end of tRNA (Ibba and Söll, 2000). In this two‐step reaction, each tRNA synthetase molecule must select and activate its cognate amino acid from the cellular pool of 20 different proteinaceous amino acids. Because of the structural similarity of some amino acids, aaRSs really have difficulties in accurately discriminating cognate substrate from others (Baldwin and Berg, 1966; Loftfield and Vanderjagt, 1972). High fidelity in the amino‐acid selection process, which in some cases depends on hydrolytic editing to ...
http://emboj.embopress.org/content/24/7/1430.share
Chemistry Seminars for Spring 2013Chemistry Seminars for Spring 2013
Tuesday, January 8. Special Interest Seminar, Host: Christian Melander. Dr. Herman Sintim, University of Maryland. Nucleotide signaling in bacteria-important second messengers in bacteria, which biologists ignored for almost three decades.. Please Note: Seminar will be held in Dabney 220 at 3:40 pm. Friday, January 11. Host: Alex Deiters. Stephen C. Miller, University of Massachusetts Medical School. Building better luciferins and fluorophores for live cell imaging [ View Abstract (PDF) ]. Wednesday, January 16. Host: Alex Deiters. Wenshe Liu, Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry. Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase: a mediocre enzyme could be a gift from nature. Please Note: Seminar will be held in Dabney 220 at 3:40 pm. Friday, January 18. Host: David Shultz. Vince Rotello, University of Massachusetts Amherst. Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedicine: Delivery and Sensing [ View Abstract (PDF) ]. Wednesday, January 23. Special Interest Seminar: Inorganic Series, Host: Elon Ison. Timothy ...
https://chemistry.sciences.ncsu.edu/news/seminars-spring-2013.html
Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase - Proteopedia, life in 3DAminoacyl tRNA Synthetase - Proteopedia, life in 3D
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) or tRNA ligase catalyzes the esterification of a specific amino acid to its cognate tRNA to form an aminoacyl-tRNA. The amino acid is transferred by the ribosome from the aminoacylated-tRNA onto a growing polypeptide chain. Class I of aaRS is a monomer or dimer, it has 2 highly conserved sequence motifs and it aminoacylates at the 2-OH of an adenosine nucleotide. Class II of aaRS is a dimer or tetramer, it has 3 highly conserved sequence motifs and it aminoacylates at the 3-OH of an adenosine nucleotide. CP1 domain of RS edits a mischarged aa-tRNA. Some of the crystal structures are complexes of the RS with their reactant analog: amino acid-sulfamoyl adenine (aa-SA).[1]. ...
https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Aminoacyl_tRNA_Synthetase
Maturation of the Translation Inhibitor Microcin C | Journal of BacteriologyMaturation of the Translation Inhibitor Microcin C | Journal of Bacteriology
FIG. 4. The aminopropyl group increases the efficiency of AspRS inhibition by processed McC. (A) E. coli S30 extracts were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of McC or the McC derivative lacking the aminopropyl group for a time period sufficient for complete processing. Next, the tRNAAsp aminoacylation reaction was carried out. The amounts of aminoacylated tRNAAsp (measured by determining the incorporation of [C14]Asp in trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material) are shown. See reference 10 for experimental details. The curves are representative of curves obtained in three independent experiments. (B) Structural modeling of the interaction of processed McC with E. coli AspRS: surface representation of E. coli AspRS (PDB code 1c0a) (4) residues within 10 Å of bound aspartyl-AMP and modeled processed McC (both shown using ball-and-stick representation). Distances between the modeled position of the propylamine nitrogen atom and side chain oxygen atoms of Glu482 and Asp475 are ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/191/7/2380/figures-only
ASMscience | Bacterial Proteins
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are modular enzymes globally conserved in the three kingdoms of life. All catalyze the same two-step reaction, i.e., the attachment of a proteinogenic amino acid on their cognate tRNAs, thereby mediating the correct expression of the genetic code. In addition, some aaRSs acquired other functions beyond this key role in translation. Genomics and X-ray crystallography have revealed great structural diversity in aaRSs (e.g., in oligomery and modularity, in ranking into two distinct groups each subdivided in 3 subgroups, by additional domains appended on the catalytic modules). AaRSs show huge structural plasticity related to function and limited idiosyncrasies that are kingdom or even species specific (e.g., the presence in many Bacteria of non discriminating aaRSs compensating for the absence of one or two specific aaRSs, notably AsnRS and/or GlnRS). Diversity, as well, occurs in the mechanisms of aaRS gene regulation that are not conserved in evolution, notably ...
http://www.asmscience.org/content/concept/Entity/ASM/Microbiology/Bacteria_and_Archaea/Bacteria/Bacterial_Proteins
Two Separate Strategies Bluff Bug Into Allowing Incorporation Of Non- Natural Amino Acid Into Its Proteins | BioWorldTwo Separate Strategies Bluff Bug Into Allowing Incorporation Of Non- Natural Amino Acid Into Its Proteins | BioWorld
BioWorld Online is the news service of record for the biotechnology industry and is updated every business morning. BioWorld Online will keep you up to date on all of the industrys business, science and regulatory news -- mergers and collaborations, FDA hearings and results, breakthroughs in research and much more.
http://www.bioworld.com/content/two-separate-strategies-bluff-bug-allowing-incorporation-non-natural-amino-acid-its-proteins
Internally deleted human tRNA synthetase suggests evolutionary pressure for repurposingInternally deleted human tRNA synthetase suggests evolutionary pressure for repurposing
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, AARSs also have critical extracellular and nuclear functions. Evolutionary pressure for new functions might be manifested by splice variants that skip only an internal catalytic domain (CD) and link n …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958643/
Les Primitifs Et Leurs Signatures - AbeBooksLes Primitifs Et Leurs Signatures - AbeBooks
Les primitifs et leurs signatures. [Tome 1] Les miniaturistes. Ebook by Mely Fernand de and a great selection of similar Used, New and Collectible Books available now at AbeBooks.com.
https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/les-primitifs-et-leurs-signatures/
I PILOT DEAMON - Hapilly Depressed - Vox Project - Label & DistroI PILOT DEAMON - Hapilly Depressed - Vox Project - Label & Distro
I PILOT DEAMON - Hapilly Depressed |2007]Les quatre types de I Pilot Dæmon viennent de Toulouse, ont beaucoup écouté Breach, Botch, Converge et autre Unsane, et après avoir fait leurs premières armes dans diverses formations, ont décidé daccoucher sur disque de toutes leurs influences, laissant apparaître toutes leurs aspirations. Bien leur en a pris !Ce tout premier EP dans la discographie du quatuor suinte de toutes parts lénergie botchienne. Cela nest en aucun cas un reproche: I Pilot Dæmon fait létalage dune débauche de puissance toute caractéristique du combo culte de Seattle. Nous voici donc avec Happily Depressed plongés au sein dun hardcore féroce et compact. X-SILENCEHappily Depressed by I Pilot Dæmon
http://www.voxproject.fr/products/693787-i-pilot-deamon-hapilly-depressed
News aggregated by AARSS.comNews aggregated by AARSS.com
Our free easy to use news RSS Aggregator brings content to websites, easier than ever before and its FREE! Nothing to install! Nothing to download! No popups or banners from us on your site!
https://www.aarss.com/redir.php?siteref=&aarsslink=http://ocrvmotorsports.org/
Catherine Jivora
Site de lassociation Professionnels de limage et des archives de la francophonie, qui réunit tous les professionnels - documentalistes recherchistes et chercheurs dimages, responsables de fonds audiovisuels, cinéastes, monteurs, historiens... qui sintéressent aux images darchives et à leurs usages.
http://piafimages.org/index.php/les-adherents/documentalistes-recherchistes/133-catherine-jivora
AminoacylationAminoacylation
... is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound. Acylation tRNA aminoacylation Transfer RNA-like ... structures Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi; Kim, Sung-Hoon; Sonenberg, Nahum (9 January 2018). "Aminoacylation of Proteins: New Targets ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacylation
Hypercycle (chemistry)Hypercycle (chemistry)
A transaminoacylator described in 2013 has five nucleotides, which is sufficient for a trans-amino acylation reaction and makes ... "Ribozyme-catalyzed tRNA aminoacylation". Nature Structural Biology. 7 (1): 28-33. doi:10.1038/71225. PMID 10625423. S2CID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercycle_(chemistry)
Paul SchimmelPaul Schimmel
Francklyn, C.; Shi, J. P.; Schimmel, P. (1992-02-28). "Overlapping nucleotide determinants for specific aminoacylation of RNA ... Francklyn, C.; Schimmel, P. (1989-02-02). "Aminoacylation of RNA minihelices with alanine". Nature. 337 (6206): 478-481. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Schimmel
Amino acid activationAmino acid activation
Swanson R, Hoben P, Sumner-Smith M, Uemura H, Watson L, Söll D (December 1988). "Accuracy of in vivo aminoacylation requires ... Amino acid activation (also known as aminoacylation or tRNA charging) refers to the attachment of an amino acid to its ... Pang YL, Poruri K, Martinis SA (2014). "tRNA synthetase: tRNA aminoacylation and beyond". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. 5 (4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_activation
Tyrosine-tRNA ligaseTyrosine-tRNA ligase
These latter enzymes link amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNA) in aminoacylation reactions that establish the ... Bonnefond L, Giegé R, Rudinger-Thirion J (Sep 2005). "Evolution of the tRNA(Tyr)/TyrRS aminoacylation systems". Biochimie. 87 ( ... the first step of the aminoacylation reaction) and for transferring the amino-acid moiety from tyrosyl-adenylate to the 3'OH- ... CCA terminus of the cognate tRNA(Tyr) (the second step of the aminoacylation reaction). The other domains are responsible (i) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine—tRNA_ligase
Transfer RNA-like structuresTransfer RNA-like structures
tRNA-like structures mimic some tRNA function, such as aminoacylation. There are three aminoacylation specificities, valine, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA-like_structures
Diabetes and deafnessDiabetes and deafness
... structure also results in decreased aminoacylation. The mutation has also been shown to result in decreased function of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_and_deafness
William H. McClainWilliam H. McClain
"The selective tRNA aminoacylation mechanism based on a single G•U pair". Nature. 510 (7506): 507-511. Bibcode:2014Natur.510.. ... "The importance of tRNA backbone-mediated interactions with synthetase for aminoacylation". Proceedings of the National Academy ... importance of tRNA backbone-mediated interactions with synthetase in mediating molecular recognition conferring aminoacylation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._McClain
RARS (gene)RARS (gene)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in ... "Precursor of pro-apoptotic cytokine modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RARS_(gene)
Kinetic proofreadingKinetic proofreading
Hopfield JJ, Yamane T, Yue V, Coutts SM (April 1976). "Direct experimental evidence for kinetic proofreading in amino acylation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_proofreading
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, class IAminoacyl tRNA synthetases, class I
Perona JJ, Steitz TA, Rould MA (1993). "Structural basis for transfer RNA aminoacylation by Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetases,_class_I
RibozymeRibozyme
Metal Ion Requirements in Artificial Ribozymes that Catalyze Aminoacylation and Redox Reactions". Metal ion requirements in ... artificial ribozymes that catalyze aminoacylation and redox reactions. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 9. pp. 277-97. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribozyme
Transfer RNATransfer RNA
Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound. It covalently links an amino acid to the CCA 3′ end ... Interference with aminoacylation may be useful as an approach to treating some diseases: cancerous cells may be relatively ... Hence, inhibition of aminoacylation of specific tRNA species is considered a promising novel avenue for the rational treatment ... vulnerable to disturbed aminoacylation compared to healthy cells. The protein synthesis associated with cancer and viral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA
YARSYARS
Wakasugi K, Quinn CL, Tao N, Schimmel P (1998). "Genetic code in evolution: switching species-specific aminoacylation with a ... Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA) by their cognate amino acid. Because of their ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YARS
SCYE1SCYE1
1999). "Precursor of pro-apoptotic cytokine modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (24): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCYE1
Glycine-tRNA ligaseGlycine-tRNA ligase
Hipps D, Shiba K, Henderson B, Schimmel P (Jun 1995). "Operational RNA code for amino acids: species-specific aminoacylation of ... Wide divergence of primary structure from bacterial counterpart and species-specific aminoacylation". The Journal of Biological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine—tRNA_ligase
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, class IIAminoacyl tRNA synthetases, class II
Perona JJ, Steitz TA, Rould MA (1993). "Structural basis for transfer RNA aminoacylation by Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetases,_class_II
VARSVARS
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VARS
WARS2WARS2
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WARS2
Expanded genetic codeExpanded genetic code
Thus far, this system has only been shown to work in an in-vitro translation setting where the aminoacylation of the orthogonal ... Ohuchi M, Murakami H, Suga H (October 2007). "The flexizyme system: a highly flexible tRNA aminoacylation tool for the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_genetic_code
IARSIARS
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IARS
2-Aminoisobutyric acid2-Aminoisobutyric acid
Ohuchi, Masaki; Murakami, Hiroshi; Suga, Hiroaki (2007). "The flexizyme system: a highly flexible tRNA aminoacylation tool for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Aminoisobutyric_acid
TARS (gene)TARS (gene)
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TARS_(gene)
QARSQARS
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QARS
Aminoacyl-tRNAAminoacyl-tRNA
Swanson R, Hoben P, Sumner-Smith M, Uemura H, Watson L, Söll D (December 1988). "Accuracy of in vivo aminoacylation requires ... It is thermodynamically favorable that the aminoacylation process yield a stable aa-tRNA molecule, thus providing for the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl-tRNA
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetaseAminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Swanson R, Hoben P, Sumner-Smith M, Uemura H, Watson L, Söll D (December 1988). "Accuracy of in vivo aminoacylation requires ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase
Susan A. MartinisSusan A. Martinis
Structural dynamics of the aminoacylation and proofreading functional cycle of bacterial leucyl-tRNA synthetase., Nat. Struct. ... "Structural dynamics of the aminoacylation and proofreading functional cycle of bacterial leucyl-tRNA synthetase". Nature ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_A._Martinis
Transfer-messenger RNATransfer-messenger RNA
Functional evidence, i.e., mt-tmRNA Aminoacylation with alanine, is available for Jakoba libera. More recently, ssrA was also ... including the acceptor stem with elements like those in alanine tRNA that promote its aminoacylation by alanine-tRNA ligase. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-messenger_RNA
LARS2LARS2
Each of the twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyzes the aminoacylation of a specific tRNA or tRNA isoaccepting family with ... decreases the efficiency of aminoacylation". Biochemistry. 42 (4): 958-64. doi:10.1021/bi026882r. PMID 12549915. Yao YN, Wang L ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LARS2
Leucyl-tRNA synthetaseLeucyl-tRNA synthetase
"A single residue in leucyl-tRNA synthetase affecting amino acid specificity and tRNA aminoacylation". Biochemistry. 46 (15): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucyl-tRNA_synthetase
IMSEAR at SEARO: Influence of monovalent cations on aminoacylation of transfer RNA.
Influence of monovalent cations on aminoacylation of transfer RNA. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 1976 Mar; 13(1 ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/27457
Network Portal - Function mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation
mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation. id: GO:0070154. name: mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation. namespace: biological_ ... In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2- or the 3- ...
http://networks.systemsbiology.net/function/GO:0070154/
Glu-Q-tRNA(Asp) synthetase coded by the yadB gene, a new paralog of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that glutamylates tRNA(Asp)...Glu-Q-tRNA(Asp) synthetase coded by the yadB gene, a new paralog of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that glutamylates tRNA(Asp)...
... which activate Glu only in presence of the cognate tRNA before aminoacylation of the 3-end of tRNA. Biochemical approaches and ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16164993/
The Origin of Life
Protein synthesis requires the aminoacylation of RNA, and it is in this step that L-amino acids could have been selected for, ... Tamura K, Schimmel P (2004) Chiral-selective aminoacylation of an RNA minihelix. Science 305:1253 [Pubmed] ... Tamura K, Schimmel P (2006) Chiral-selective aminoacylation of an RNA minihelix: Mechanistic features and chiral suppression. ...
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/abioprob/originoflife.html
Protein translation, steroide kaufen ohne zoll anabolika kur wie lange | Profil
Term: trna aminoacylation for protein translation. Definition: the synthesis of aminoacyl trna by the formation of an ester ... The effects of ca2+ depletion have not been traceable to changes in amino acid uptake, aminoacylation of transfer rna, rna ...
https://www.brimborion.net/profile/saensowensm/profile
MT-TS1 gene: MedlinePlus GeneticsMT-TS1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
The 7472insC mitochondrial DNA mutation impairs the synthesis and extent of aminoacylation of tRNASer(UCN) but not its ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/mt-ts1/
Jack Szostak | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystJack Szostak | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
A Potential Role for Aminoacylation in Primordial RNA Copying Chemistry. Biochemistry. 2021 02 16; 60(6):477-488. PMID: ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/50664
SMART: Arg tRNA synt N domain annotationSMART: Arg tRNA synt N domain annotation
arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation (GO:0006420). GO component:. cytoplasm (GO:0005737). GO function:. nucleotide binding (GO:0000166 ...
http://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=Arg_tRNA_synt_N&BLAST=DUMMY
Leucine-rich diet alters the eukaryotic translation initiation factors expression in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing rats |...Leucine-rich diet alters the eukaryotic translation initiation factors expression in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing rats |...
Involvement of tRNA aminoacylation in the regulation. J Biol Chem. 1999, 274: 1092-1099. 10.1074/jbc.274.2.1092. ...
https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-7-42
YRC Public Data Repository - Protein Overview - SES1 / YDR023WYRC Public Data Repository - Protein Overview - SES1 / YDR023W
seryl-tRNA aminoacylation [IDA. ] Molecular Function:. serine-tRNA ligase activity [IDA. ] Sequence:. ...
https://www.yeastrc.org/pdr/viewProtein.do?id=529362
Triple-negative breast cancer cells respond to T cells severely at the alternative splicing layer | Zhao | Electronic Journal...
Biological pathway analyses showed that translation initiation and tRNA aminoacylation pathways were most disturbed with T cell ...
http://ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/2021.01.001
Gene rearrangements in gekkonid mitochondrial genomes with shuffling, loss, and reassignment of tRNA genes | BMC Genomics |...Gene rearrangements in gekkonid mitochondrial genomes with shuffling, loss, and reassignment of tRNA genes | BMC Genomics |...
Kumazawa Y, Himeno H, Miura K, Watanabe K: Unilateral aminoacylation specificity between bovine mitochondria and eubacteria. J ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-15-930
Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Network and Pathway AnalysisIdentification of Candidate Genes Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Network and Pathway Analysis
... tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation, tRNA aminoacylation, and tRNA metabolic process). ... In addition, terms such as ensheathment of neurons, axon ensheathment, myelination, tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation ... The main mechanisms proposed consist of reduction of aminoacylation activity, alteration of dimerization or localization, ... peripheral nervous system development, tRNA aminoacylation, amino acid activation, selective autophagy, Schwann cell ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/1353516/
Research: Prof. Dr. Beat Suter - Institute of Cell BiologyResearch: Prof. Dr. Beat Suter - Institute of Cell Biology
Ho, Manh Tin; Lu, Jiongming; Brunssen, Dominique Yvonne; Suter, Beat (2021). An aminoacylation independent activity of PheRS/ ... In order to assess the importance of aminoacylation fidelity in multicellular organisms, we generated an amino-acid double- ... Interestingly, many aaRSs also perform additional functions in the cell, unrelated to their aminoacylation function. It is ...
https://www.izb.unibe.ch/research/prof_dr_beat_suter/index_eng.html
IJMS | Special Issue : Protein Synthesis and DiseaseIJMS | Special Issue : Protein Synthesis and Disease
... which is necessary for aminoacylation. It was recently discovered that partial loss-of-function mutations in TRNT1 are ... which is necessary for aminoacylation. It was recently discovered that partial loss-of-function mutations in TRNT1 are ...
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/Protein_Synthesis_and_Disease
6pom - Proteopedia, life in 3D6pom - Proteopedia, life in 3D
T-boxes directly bind tRNAs, assess their aminoacylation state, and regulate the transcription or translation of downstream ... In the absence of aminoacylation, T-boxes clutch tRNAs and form a continuously stacked central spine, permitting ... and interrogates its aminoacylation state using a steric filter fashioned from a wobble base pair. ...
https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/6pom
MH DELETED MN ADDED MNMH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Aminoacylation G2.111.87.19.55 G2.111.12.55 G2.111.87.675.50 G2.111.660.50 G2.149.115.19.55 G2.607.63.526 G2.149.115.675.50 ... Transfer RNA Aminoacylation G2.111.87.19.55.860 G2.111.12.55.860 G2.111.87.675.50.860 G2.111.660.50.860 G2.111.87.675.871.850 ...
https://decs.bvs.br/E/mnchg2017.txt
Solyc07g020710.3.1 details
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. IEP. Neighborhood. BP. GO:0006464. cellular protein modification process. IEP. ...
https://evorepro.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/sequence/view/365548
Patrick Pierre Lestienne - CV - Director of Research INSERM
Studies on the aminoacylation of plant viral RNA. Enzymatic properties, and inhibition of porcine and human leukocyte elastases ... Strasbourg "Studies on the aminoacylation of plant viral RNA". Dir. J.H. Duranton ...
https://cvscience.aviesan.fr/cv/494/patrick-pierre-lestienne
Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial (P38714) - Yeast Metabolome Database
tRNA aminoacylation. tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation. macromolecule biosynthetic process. cellular macromolecule ...
http://www.ymdb.ca/proteins/P38714
Mehanizam diskriminacije leucina u mjestu za popravak pogreške leucil-tRNA-sintetaze | Repository of Faculty of ScienceMehanizam diskriminacije leucina u mjestu za popravak pogreške leucil-tRNA-sintetaze | Repository of Faculty of Science
aminoacylation kinetics *Search similar. Language. croatian. URN:NBN. urn:nbn:hr:217:773199. ...
https://repozitorij.pmf.unizg.hr/en/islandora/object/pmf:440
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Aminoacylation. Polarity of Translation. Gene Expression. G07 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Growth and Embryonic Development. ...
https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/I/del_i2005.htm
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Aminoacylation. Polarity of Translation. Gene Expression. G07 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Growth and Embryonic Development. ...
https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/I/del_i2005.htm
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Aminoacylation. Polarity of Translation. Gene Expression. G07 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Growth and Embryonic Development. ...
https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/del_i2005.htm
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Aminoacylation. Polarity of Translation. Gene Expression. G07 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Growth and Embryonic Development. ...
https://decs2008.bvsalud.org/I/del_i2005.htm
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Aminoacylation. Polarity of Translation. Gene Expression. G07 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Growth and Embryonic Development. ...
https://decs2012.bvsalud.org/I/del_i2005.htm
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Aminoacylation. Polarity of Translation. Gene Expression. G07 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Growth and Embryonic Development. ...
https://decs2010.bvsalud.org/I/del_i2005.htm
DeCSDeCS
Amino Acylation. Amino Acylations. Aminoacylations. Tree number(s):. G02.111.012.055. G02.111.660.050. G02.607.063.526. G03.040 ... Aminoacylation - Preferred Concept UI. M0463735. Scope note. A reaction that introduces an aminoacyl group to a molecule. ... TRANSFER RNA AMINOACYLATION is the first step in GENETIC TRANSLATION.. Annotation:. not for activation of enzymes, receptors, ... Aminoacylation Entry term(s):. Acids Activation, Amino. Acids Activations, Amino. Activation of Amino Acids. Acylation, Amino. ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=38854
TRNATranslationActivationTransferArginyl-tRNAMitochondrialSynthetasePhenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylationAcceptor stemEffects on aminoacylationCatalyzes the aminoacylationSpecific aminoacylationTRNAsPathwaysBiologicalNucleotideCognateSpecificityAlaRSEfficientAnticodonAmino acidsModificationStructuralCrucialSecondaryDevelopmentFunctionSenseDomains
TRNA13
  • In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. (systemsbiology.net)
  • The functional properties of YadB contrast with those of the canonical glutamyl-tRNA synthetases, which activate Glu only in presence of the cognate tRNA before aminoacylation of the 3'-end of tRNA. (nih.gov)
  • Biological pathway analyses showed that translation initiation and tRNA aminoacylation pathways were most disturbed with T cell treatment. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • The T-box forms a U-shaped molecular vise that clamps the tRNA, captures its 3' end using an elaborate 'discriminator' structure, and interrogates its aminoacylation state using a steric filter fashioned from a wobble base pair. (proteopedia.org)
  • The model has so far been applied on 998 prokaryotic genomes, and results include ~400000 specific annotations with the estimated Precision of 90%, ~19000 of which are highly specific-e.g. "penicillin binding," "tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation," or "pathogenesis"-and are freely available at http://gorbi.irb.hr/ . (irb.hr)
  • Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of aspartic acid to its cognate tRNA by the aminoacylation reaction during the initiation of the protein biosynthesis process. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the second step of the aminoacylation reaction, known as the charging step, the aspartate moiety is transferred from aspartyl-adenylate to the 3'-OH of A76 of tRNA through a proton transfer process. (bvsalud.org)
  • This process is highly dependent on the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and relies primarily on sets of identities within tRNA molecules composed of determinants and antideterminants preventing mischarging by non-cognate synthetases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since then, the panel of identity elements governing the accuracy of tRNA aminoacylation has expanded considerably, but the increasing number of reported functional idiosyncrasies has led to some confusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • In parallel, the description of other processes involving tRNAs, often well beyond aminoacylation, has progressed considerably, greatly expanding their interactome and uncovering multiple novel identities on the same tRNA molecule. (bvsalud.org)
  • The tRNA molecules, in addition to translating the genetic code into protein and defining the second genetic code via their aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, act in many other cellular functions and dysfunctions. (cnrs.fr)
  • Determining the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation via microarrays. (uchicago.edu)
  • Cross-species aminoacylation experiments showed that threonyl-tRNA synthetase from A. pernix threonylated not only Escherichia coli threonine tRNA having A73 as a discriminator base, but also an extreme halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii threonine tRNA possessing U73. (archive.org)
Translation3
  • T-boxes directly bind tRNAs, assess their aminoacylation state, and regulate the transcription or translation of downstream genes to maintain nutritional homeostasis. (proteopedia.org)
  • In the absence of aminoacylation, T-boxes clutch tRNAs and form a continuously stacked central spine, permitting transcriptional readthrough or translation initiation. (proteopedia.org)
  • TRANSFER RNA AMINOACYLATION is the first step in GENETIC TRANSLATION . (bvsalud.org)
Activation1
  • The aminoacylation response usually starts using the activation of proteins to create aminoacyl-adenosine monophosphate (AMP), accompanied by the charging of tRNA8. (bioinf.org)
Transfer1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Influence of monovalent cations on aminoacylation of transfer RNA. (who.int)
Arginyl-tRNA1
  • Nevertheless, the deletion from the C-terminus of hcLeuRS didn't influence the aminoacylation activity, but affected its discussion with arginyl-tRNA synthetase in the mammalian macromolecular complicated (42). (cp-724714.com)
Mitochondrial3
  • Nitrosative stress inhibits aminoacylation and editing activities of mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase by S-nitrosation. (cas.cn)
  • Hearing impairment-associated KARS mutations lead to defects in aminoacylation of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA Lys . (cas.cn)
  • They found that in the fibroblasts, the vital step for correct mitochondrial protein synthesis catalyzed by GatCAB - aminoacylation of glutamyl tRNA - was perturbed, thus affecting the levels of the amino acid glutamine (the amino acid specific to glutamyl tRNA). (mitochondrialdiseasenews.com)
Synthetase4
  • 12. Human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase binds with heme to enhance its aminoacylation activity. (nih.gov)
  • A single non-Watson-Crick base pair in the tRNA for alanine, G3·U70, ensures correct aminoacylation by the synthetase (AlaRS). (natureasia.com)
  • EPRS is a bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the aminoacylation of glutamic acid and proline tRNA species. (ptglab.com)
  • However, the aminoacylation of tRNA(Ile2) by methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS), before the modification by TilS, might lead to the misincorporation of methionine in response to isoleucine codons. (survivinpathway.com)
Phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation1
  • Predicted to be involved in phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation. (nih.gov)
Acceptor stem4
  • However, the anticodon stem-loop microhelix did not enhance aminoacylation of the acceptor stem microhelix. (illinois.edu)
  • Efficient aminoacylation of the tRNA(Ala) acceptor stem: dependence on the 2:71 base pair. (irbbarcelona.org)
  • tRNALeu, its amino acidity acceptor stem as well as the elbow area at the part of L-shaped tRNA make immediate connections with LeuRS and so are named two important models for aminoacylation and editing and enhancing (16C20). (cp-724714.com)
  • For example, almost all known alanine tRNA (tRNAAla) isoacceptors contain a G3:U70 wobble base pair in the acceptor stem that identifies tRNAAla for aminoacylation with alanine. (ncu.edu.tw)
Effects on aminoacylation1
  • This has been exploited in a systematic analysis of the effects on aminoacylation of nine pathology-related mutations described so far. (nih.gov)
Catalyzes the aminoacylation1
  • WARS catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA(trp) with tryptophan and is induced by INF. (prospecbio.com)
Specific aminoacylation2
  • This mechanism explains how a small number of nucleotides distant from the catalytic site can determine the reactivity of specific aminoacylation. (natureasia.com)
  • Maturation of tRNA to a functional RNA requires processing of the extensional sequences and post-transcriptional chemical modifications, which ensures the specific aminoacylation of tRNA by the cognate aaRS. (elsevier.com)
TRNAs4
  • One step that's crucial is aminoacylation, the attachment of amino acids to their proper tRNAs. (nih.gov)
  • Remarkably, the T-boxes directly sense the aminoacylation states of bound tRNAs to gauge intracellular amino acid availability, and direct a transcriptional or translational switch to regulate amino acid biosynthesis, transport, and tRNA aminoacylation. (nih.gov)
  • It is increasingly clear that the aminoacylation state of tRNAs can serve as crucial indicators of overall cellular well-being in both bacteria and eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
  • For efficient aminoacylation, tRNAs carry the conserved 3'-terminal sequence C-C-A, which is synthesized by highly specific tRNA nucleotidyltransferases (CCA-adding enzymes). (omicsdi.org)
Pathways1
  • Biological pathway analyses showed that translation initiation and tRNA aminoacylation pathways were most disturbed with T cell treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Biological1
  • Dr. Paul R. Schimmel and his team at The Scripps Research Institute conducted a series of molecular studies and deciphered a high-resolution chemical structure that reveals how the compound jams the process of aminoacylation, a crucial biological process that allows organisms to synthesize the proteins they require to live. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide1
  • Identification from the elbow area is very important to effective leucylation because nucleotide mutations within this domains distorted tRNALeu orientation and impacted upon aminoacylation and editing reactions (19). (cp-724714.com)
Cognate1
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. (antikoerper-online.de)
Specificity1
  • 2'- Versus 3'-OH specificity in tRNA aminoacylation. (elsevier.com)
AlaRS1
  • CMT2N-causing aminoacylation domain mutants enable Nrp1 interaction with AlaRS. (uchicago.edu)
Efficient1
  • Thus, transduction of the anticodon identity signal may require covalent continuity of the tRNA chain to trigger efficient aminoacylation. (illinois.edu)
Anticodon1
  • Our data show that the tRNACAG(Ser) emerged from insertion of an adenosine in the middle position of the 5'-CGA-3'anticodon of a tRNACGA(Ser) ancestor, producing the 5'-CAG-3' anticodon of the tRNACAG(Ser), without altering its aminoacylation properties. (nih.gov)
Amino acids1
  • In the November 26, 2009, issue of Nature , the team described a new method that can measure the accuracy of aminoacylation for 6 of the 20 amino acids. (nih.gov)
Modification1
  • Laurino, P.* Evolutionary repair reveals an unexpected role of the tRNA modification m1G37 in aminoacylation. (oist.jp)
Structural1
  • Battaglia, R. A. , Grigg, J. C. , and Ke, A. (2019) Structural basis for tRNA decoding and aminoacylation sensing by T-box riboregulators . (cornell.edu)
Crucial1
  • Today's work exposed a crucial part from the bacterial LeuRS-CTD in tRNA binding and its own reputation in both aminoacylation and editing. (cp-724714.com)
Secondary1
  • The sole mutation located in a loop of the tRNA secondary structure, A8344G, does not affect aminoacylation efficiency. (nih.gov)
Development2
  • Potential for interdependent development of tRNA determinants for aminoacylation and ribosome decoding. (jefferson.edu)
  • Interestingly, three independent forward-genetic studies in zebrafish showed a role for SerRS in vascular development that is independent of aminoacylation ( 2-4 ). (stanford.edu)
Function1
  • Mutational research on the tRNA 3-CCA76 end uncovered its function in orientating the CP1 domains in accordance with the LeuRS artificial domains in aminoacylation. (cp-724714.com)
Sense1
  • The antiterminator domain detects the molecular volume of the tRNA 3' end to sense aminoacylation. (nih.gov)
Domains2
  • Out of eight mutations located in helical domains converting canonical Watson-Crick pairs into G-U pairs or C.A mismatches, six have no effect on aminoacylation (A8296G, U8316C, G8342A, U8356C, U8362G, G8363A), and two lead to drastic decreases (5000- to 7000-fold) in lysylation efficiencies (G8313A and G8328A). (nih.gov)
  • As the tree of life was ascended, tRNA synthetases added new domains, which are generally dispensable for aminoacylation, in a progressive and accretive manner. (stanford.edu)
Kars1 (lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1) - Rat Genome Database
Kars1 (lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1) - Rat Genome Database (rgd.mcw.edu)
MT-TS1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
MT-TS1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)
Basenpaar - Wikipedia
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Jack Szostak | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Jack Szostak | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst (connects.catalyst.harvard.edu)
Leucine-rich diet alters the eukaryotic translation initiation factors expression in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing rats |...
Leucine-rich diet alters the eukaryotic translation initiation factors expression in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing rats |... (bmccancer.biomedcentral.com)
YRC Public Data Repository - Protein Overview - SES1 / YDR023W
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Gene rearrangements in gekkonid mitochondrial genomes with shuffling, loss, and reassignment of tRNA genes | BMC Genomics |...
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Research: Prof. Dr. Beat Suter - Institute of Cell Biology
Research: Prof. Dr. Beat Suter - Institute of Cell Biology (izb.unibe.ch)
IJMS | Special Issue : Protein Synthesis and Disease
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Connection | Profiles RNS
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Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial (P38714) - Yeast Metabolome Database
Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial (P38714) - Yeast Metabolome Database (ymdb.ca)
Mehanizam diskriminacije leucina u mjestu za popravak pogreške leucil-tRNA-sintetaze | Repository of Faculty of Science
Mehanizam diskriminacije leucina u mjestu za popravak pogreške leucil-tRNA-sintetaze | Repository of Faculty of Science (repozitorij.pmf.unizg.hr)
GCN2 eIF2 kinase promotes prostate cancer by maintaining amino acid homeostasis | eLife
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カスタムRNA合成
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Genetic associations with polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of the mitochondrial genome; a systematic review and meta...
Genetic associations with polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of the mitochondrial genome; a systematic review and meta... (jcp.bmj.com)
During Transcription The Genetic Information Is Rewritten
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Voet's Biochemistry, Adapted ed 2021
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Find Research outputs - Waseda University
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Samba virus: a novel mimivirus from a giant rain forest, the Brazilian Amazon | Virology Journal | Full Text
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Biblio | Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Group
Biblio | Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Group (mmb.irbbarcelona.org)
EuRBPDB
EuRBPDB (eurbpdb.gzsys.org.cn)
SustainPineDB
SustainPineDB (scbi.uma.es)
Network Portal - Gene VNG2505G
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ARCHS4
ARCHS4 (maayanlab.cloud)
ISMARA results: CEBPB
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Bio2Vec
Bio2Vec (bio2vec.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa)
ISMARA results: BARHL1
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ISMARA results: TBX15_MGA
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ISMARA results: LHX6
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