Amino acids diamino. Medical search

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.

A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

A family of gram-positive bacteria found in dairy products or in the intestinal tracts of animals.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Class of BACTERIA with diverse morphological properties. Strains of Actinobacteria show greater than 80% 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence similarity among each other and also the presence of certain signature nucleotides. (Stackebrandt E. et al, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:479-491)

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A genus of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic BACTERIA, in the family Cellulomonadaceae. It is found in the SOIL and capable of hydrolyzing CELLULOSE.

A family of bacteria which produce endospores. They are mostly saprophytes from soil, but a few are insect or animal parasites or pathogens.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain.

Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.

Organic chemicals which have two amino groups in an aliphatic chain.

The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS in the family Paenibacillaceae.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.

The immediate physical zone surrounding plant roots that include the plant roots. It is an area of intense and complex biological activity involving plants, microorganisms, other soil organisms, and the soil.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A family of bacteria ranging from free living and saprophytic to parasitic and pathogenic forms.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

Amino acids with side chains that are positively charged at physiological pH.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that accounts for most of the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid uptake by mammalian cells. The preferred substrates for this transporter system include ALANINE; SERINE; and GLUTAMINE.

Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

A sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AMINO ACIDS.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A CD98 antigen light chain that when heterodimerized with CD98 antigen heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) forms a protein that mediates sodium-independent L-type amino acid transport.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.

Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH.

The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

The meaning ascribed to the BASE SEQUENCE with respect to how it is translated into AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. The start, stop, and order of amino acids of a protein is specified by consecutive triplets of nucleotides called codons (CODON).

A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Disaccharides as a new class of nonaccumulated osmoprotectants for Sinorhizobium meliloti. (1/227)

Sucrose and ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid) are very unusual osmoprotectants for Sinorhizobium meliloti because these compounds, unlike other bacterial osmoprotectants, do not accumulate as cytosolic osmolytes in salt-stressed S. meliloti cells. Here, we show that, in fact, sucrose and ectoine belong to a new family of nonaccumulated sinorhizobial osmoprotectants which also comprises the following six disaccharides: trehalose, maltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, turanose, and palatinose. Also, several of these disaccharides were very effective exogenous osmoprotectants for strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars phaseoli and trifolii. Sucrose and trehalose are synthesized as endogenous osmolytes in various bacteria, but the other five disaccharides had never been implicated before in osmoregulation in any organism. All of the disaccharides that acted as powerful osmoprotectants in S. meliloti and R. leguminosarum also acted as very effective competitors of [14C]sucrose uptake in salt-stressed cultures of these bacteria. Conversely, disaccharides that were not osmoprotective for S. meliloti and R. leguminosarum did not inhibit sucrose uptake in these bacteria. Hence, disaccharide osmoprotectants apparently shared the same uptake routes in these bacteria. Natural-abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantification of cytosolic solutes demonstrated that the novel disaccharide osmoprotectants were not accumulated to osmotically significant levels in salt-stressed S. meliloti cells; rather, these compounds, like sucrose and ectoine, were catabolized during early exponential growth, and contributed indirectly to enhance the cytosolic levels of two endogenously synthesized osmolytes, glutamate and the dipeptide N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide. The ecological implication of the use of these disaccharides as osmoprotectants is discussed. (+info)

Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine. (2/227)

Strain CHR63 is a salt-sensitive mutant of the moderately halophilic wild-type strain Halomonas elongata DSM 3043 that is affected in the ectoine synthase gene (ectC). This strain accumulates large amounts of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate (NADA), the precursor of ectoine (D. Canovas, C. Vargas, F. Iglesias-Guerra, L. N. Csonka, D. Rhodes, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto, J. Biol. Chem. 272:25794-25801, 1997). Hydroxyectoine, ectoine, and glucosylglycerate were also identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as cytoplasmic organic solutes in this mutant. Accumulation of NADA, hydroxyectoine, and ectoine was osmoregulated, whereas the levels of glucosylglycerate decreased at higher salinities. The effect of the growth stage on the accumulation of solutes was also investigated. NADA was purified from strain CHR63 and was shown to protect the thermolabile enzyme rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase against thermal inactivation. The stabilizing effect of NADA was greater than the stabilizing effect of ectoine or potassium diaminobutyrate. A (1)H NMR analysis of the solutes accumulated by the wild-type strain and mutants CHR62 (ectA::Tn1732) and CHR63 (ectC::Tn1732) indicated that H. elongata can synthesize hydroxyectoine by two different pathways-directly from ectoine or via an alternative pathway that converts NADA into hydroxyectoine without the involvement of ectoine. (+info)

A cycle of deprotonation and reprotonation energizing amino-acid transport? (3/227)

Although lowering the pK2 of neutral amino acids only weakens their concentrative uptake by Ehrlich cells, the same change greatly enhances uptake of diamino acids. This effect does not arise merely from putting the distal amino group in its uncharged form, but depends on an enhanced deprotonation of the alpha-amino group. Parallel effects are seen for the transport system for basic amino acids, for which the assignment of pK values within the membrane is less ambiguous. To explain the paradoxical advantages of having the alpha-amino group protonated yet readily deprotonated, we propose that a proton withdrawn from that group is pumped over an intramembrane interval to energize amino-acid transport. (+info)

The contribution of a conformationally mobile, active site loop to the reaction catalyzed by glutamate semialdehyde aminomutase. (4/227)

The behavior of glutamate semialdehyde aminomutase, the enzyme that produces 4-aminolevulinate for tetrapyrrole synthesis in plants and bacteria, is markedly affected by the extent to which the central intermediate in the reaction, 4,5-diaminovalerate, is allowed to dissociate. The kinetic properties of the wild-type enzyme are compared with those of a mutant form in which a flexible loop, that reversibly plugs the entrance to the active site, has been deleted by site-directed mutagenesis. The deletion has three effects. The dissociation constant for diaminovalerate is increased approximately 100-fold. The catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, measured as k(cat)/K(m) in the presence of saturating concentrations of diaminovalerate, is lowered 30-fold to 2.1 mM(-1) s(-1). During the course of the reaction, which begins with the enzyme in its pyridoxamine form, the mutant enzyme undergoes absorbance changes not seen with the wild-type enzyme under the same conditions. These are proposed to be due to abortive complex formation between the pyridoxal form of the enzyme (formed by dissociation of diaminovalerate) and glutamate semialdehyde itself. (+info)

Purified NS2B/NS3 serine protease of dengue virus type 2 exhibits cofactor NS2B dependence for cleavage of substrates with dibasic amino acids in vitro. (5/227)

Dengue virus type 2 NS3, a multifunctional protein, has a serine protease domain (NS3pro) that requires the conserved hydrophilic domain of NS2B for protease activity in cleavage of the polyprotein precursor at sites following two basic amino acids. In this study, we report the expression of the NS2B-NS3pro precursor in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with a histidine tag at the N terminus. The precursor was purified from insoluble inclusion bodies by Ni(2+) affinity and gel filtration chromatography under denaturing conditions. The denatured precursor was refolded to yield a purified active protease complex. Biochemical analysis of the protease revealed that its activity toward either a natural substrate, NS4B-NS5 precursor, or the fluorogenic peptide substrates containing two basic residues at P1 and P2, was dependent on the presence of the NS2B domain. The peptide with a highly conserved Gly residue at P3 position was 3-fold more active as a substrate than a Gln residue at this position. The cleavage of a chromogenic substrate with a single Arg residue at P1 was NS2B-independent. These results suggest that heterodimerization of the NS3pro domain with NS2B generates additional specific interactions with the P2 and P3 residues of the substrates. (+info)

Ectoine, the compatible solute of Halomonas elongata, confers hyperosmotic tolerance in cultured tobacco cells. (6/227)

1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) functions as a compatible osmolyte in the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata OUT30018. Ectoine is biosynthesized by three successive enzyme reactions from aspartic beta-semialdehyde. The genes encoding the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, ectA, ectB, and ectC, encoding L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase, L-2, 4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase, and L-ectoine synthase, respectively, have been previously cloned. To investigate the function of ectoine as a compatible solute in plant cells, the three genes were individually placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and introduced together into cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv Bright Yellow 2 (BY2) cells. The transgenic BY2 cells accumulated a small quantity of ectoine (14-79 nmol g(-1) fresh weight) and showed increased tolerance to hyperosmotic shock (900 mOsm). Furthermore, the transgenic BY2 cells exhibited a normal growth pattern even under hyperosmotic conditions (up to 530 mOsm), in which the growth of the untransformed BY2 (wild type) cells was obviously delayed. These results suggest that genetically engineered synthesis of ectoine results in the increased hyperosmotic tolerance of cultured tobacco BY2 cells despite the low level of accumulation of the solute. (+info)

SH3 domain recognition of a proline-independent tyrosine-based RKxxYxxY motif in immune cell adaptor SKAP55. (7/227)

Src-homology 3 (SH3) domains recognize PXXP core motif preceded or followed by positively charged residue(s). Whether SH3 domains recognize motifs other than proline-based sequences is unclear. In this study, we report SH3 domain binding to a novel proline-independent motif in immune cell adaptor SKAP55, which is comprised of two N-terminal lysine and arginine residues followed by two tyrosines (i.e. RKxxYxxY). Domains capable of binding to class I proline motifs bound to the motif, while the class II domains failed to bind. Peptide precipitation, alanine scanning and in vivo co-expression studies demonstrated a requirement for the arginine, lysine and tandem tyrosines of the motif. Two-dimensional NMR analysis of the peptide bound FYN-SH3 domain showed overlap with the binding site of a proline-rich peptide on the charged surface of the SH3 domain, while resonance signals for other residues (W119, W120, Y137) were not perturbed by the RKGDYASY based peptide. Expression of the RKGDYASY peptide potently inhibited TcRzeta/CD3-mediated NF-AT transcription in T cells. Our findings extend the repertoire of SH3 domain binding motifs to include a tyrosine-based motif and demonstrate a regulatory role for this motif in receptor signaling. (+info)

Apolipoprotein E;-low density lipoprotein receptor interaction. Influences of basic residue and amphipathic alpha-helix organization in the ligand. (8/227)

Conserved lysines and arginines within amino acids 140-150 of apolipoprotein (apo) E are crucial for the interaction between apoE and the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). To explore the roles of amphipathic alpha-helix and basic residue organization in the binding process, we performed site-directed mutagenesis on the 22-kDa fragment of apoE (amino acids 1-191). Exchange of lysine and arginine at positions 143, 146, and 147 demonstrated that a positive charge rather than a specific basic residue is required at these positions. Consistent with this finding, substitution of neutral amino acids for the lysines at positions 143 and 146 reduced the binding affinity to about 30% of the wild-type value. This reduction corresponds to a decrease in free energy of binding of approximately 600 cal/mol, consistent with the elimination of a hydrogen-bonded ion pair (salt bridge) between a lysine on apoE and an acidic residue on the LDLR. Binding activity was similarly reduced when K143 and K146 were both mutated to arginine (K143R + K146R), indicating that more than the side-chain positive charge can be important.Exchanging lysines and leucines indicated that the amphipathic alpha-helical structure of amino acids 140-150 is critical for normal binding to the low density lipoprotein receptor. (+info)

A specific family of amino acids called diamino acids was identified in the Murchison meteorite as well. The initial report ... decomposition or synthesis of amino acids to occur with protein amino acids but not with non-protein amino acids". In 1997, L- ... Later the amino acid alanine, which is also a protein amino acid, was found to have an excess of the L-configuration, which led ... The meteorite contained a mixture of left-handed and right-handed amino acids; most amino acids used by living organisms are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murchison_meteorite

... based on their amino acid or di-amino acid content. Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S (15 Mar 1992). " ... Wootton JC, Federhen S (June 2003). "Statistics of local complexity in amino acid sequences and sequence databases". Computers ... and calculation of amino acid frequencies. Furthermore, the union or intersection of the results of the search on a query ... Nucleic Acids Res. 37 (Web server issue): W435-W440. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp254. PMC 2703921. PMID 19389726. Harbi D, Kumar M, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_to_detect_low_complexity_regions_in_proteins

... β-amino acids, syn- and anti-2,3-diamino esters, α-amino aldehydes and ketones, β-amino ketones, α-amino phosphonates, ... Applications to the Synthesis of Nonracemic β-Amino acids and α-hydroxy-β-amino acids". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 57 (24): ... Davis, Franklin A; Srirajan, Vaidyanathan; Titus, Donald D. (1999). "Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Fluoro α-Amino Acids ... "Asymmetric synthesis of amino acids using sulfinimines (thiooxime S-oxides)". Chemical Society Reviews. 27: 13. doi:10.1039/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Sulfinyl_imine

... based on its amino acid or di-amino acid content. Wootton, John C. (September 1994). "Non-globular domains in protein sequences ... total amino acids of LCRs in a given proteome/total amino acids of that proteome) form LCRs whereas for five model eukaryotic ... The average size of a eukaryotic LCR is 42 amino acids long, whereas bacterial, archaeal and phage LCRs are 38, 36 and 33 amino ... Very similar trends for amino acids with a high (G, A, P, S, Q) and low (M, V, L, I, W, F, R, C) occurrence within LCRs have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_complexity_regions_in_proteins

2008). Amino acids and the asymmetry of life : caught in the act of formation. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-76885-2.. - ( ... Munoz Caro, G. M.; Bredehoft, J. H.; Jessberger, E. K.; Thiemann, W. H.-P. (11 June 2004). "Identification of diamino acids in ... They succeeded in synthesizing 16 amino acids. When the Rosetta spacecraft reached 67P in 2014, it detected similar organic ... "Amino acids from ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice analogues". Nature. 416 (6879): 403-406. Bibcode:2002Natur.416.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe_Meierhenrich

2-({2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}(carboxymethyl)amino)acetic acid. Drugi nazivi Diamino etan tetra acetatna kiselina. ... 2002). „Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)". Приступљено 25. 7. 2007.. *↑ „Home , Medical Reference , Complementary ... J. Roger Hart "Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Related Chelating Agents" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry ... F. Münz "Polyamino carboxylic acids to IG Farben, DE 718 981, 1935; US 2 130 505, 1938. ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilendiamintetrasirćetna_kiselina

Diamino acids belong to the class of amino acids. Asparagine, glutamine and lysine are proteinaceous diamino acids (i.e. they ... 6-diaminopimelic acid are non-proteinaceous diamino acids. In biochemistry, diamino acids are of particular interest. Diamino ... In chemistry, a diamino acid, also called a diamino carboxylic acid, is a molecule containing at least one carboxyl and two ... The corresponding diamino acids such as 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid were detected in the Murchison meteorite and in a simulated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamino_acid

A 1,2-diamino-diol is then formed after proton exchange and a nucleophilic attack of water to the former nitrile carbon. ... The Strecker amino acid synthesis, also known simply as the Strecker synthesis, is a method for the synthesis of amino acids by ... While usage of ammonium salts gives unsubstituted amino acids, primary and secondary amines also give substituted amino acids. ... Several methods exist to synthesize amino acids aside from the Strecker synthesis. The commercial production of amino acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strecker_amino_acid_synthesis

The benzyl group of 2-amino-5-benzyloxy-4-hydroxypyrimidine is removed by acid hydrolysis, yielding 2-amino-4,5- ... Divicine (2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine) is an oxidant and a base with alkaloidal properties found in fava beans and ... This intermediate is then treated with nitrous acid to yield the slightly soluble orange product 2-amino-6-nitrosopyrimidine-4, ... A common derivative is the diacetate form (2,6-diamino-1,6-dihydro-4,5-pyrimidinedione). Divicine is found in fava beans and in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divicine

Structurally, it is a derivative of trans-stilbene, containing amino and sulfonic acid functional groups on each of the two ... 4,4′-Diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid is the organic compound with the formula (H2NC6H3SO3H)2C2H2. It is a white, water- ... It is produced by reduction of 4,4′-dinitro-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid with iron powder. P. F. Vogt, J. J. Gerulis, "Amines, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4,4′-Diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic_acid

The attachment of the amino acid lysine slows down the relative amount of dextroamphetamine available to the blood stream. ... 6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl]hexanamide. The condensation reaction occurs with loss of water: (S)-PhCH 2CH(CH 3)NH ... Chemically, lisdexamfetamine is composed of the amino acid L-lysine, attached to dextroamphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine was ... and the biosynthetic enzyme aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Sulzer D, Cragg SJ, Rice ME (August 2016). "Striatal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine

The molecule is a tetracarboxylic acid with four -COOH groups. One section of the molecule is the amino acid aspartic acid. ... 3-diamino-propionic acid. [α]20°D at pH 7 is -48°.[contradictory] With nitrous acid aspergillomarasmine A is deaminated,[ ... Titration reveals changes in ionisation at pK 3.5 and 4.5 due to carboxylic acid groups, and pK 9.5 and 10 due to amino groups ... In P. teres, a biosynthetic precursor of aspergillomarasmine A, L,L-N-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-aspartic acid has also been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillomarasmine_A

... sugars and amino acids existed in space, via meteorites. This includes non-terrestrial amino acids. Multiple isotopes do not ... Meierhenrich, U; Muñoz Caro, G; Bredehöft, J; Jessberger, E; Thiemann, W (22 Jun 2004). "Identification of diamino acids in the ... The levels of amino acids are higher in CMs than CIs. Amino-like nitriles/cyanides and heterocycles are also found. These ... As amino acids are diverse but low, the discovery of meteoritic chirality had to await the separation of IOM. Handedness of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CM_chondrite

The N-terminal 77 amino acids of UNG1 seem to be required for mitochondrial localization, but the presence of a mitochondrial ... The most abundant lesions formed at guanine residues are 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) and 8-oxoguanine. ... The most N-terminal conserved region contains an aspartic acid residue which has been proposed, based on X-ray structures to ... Nucleic Acids Res. 32 (17): 5291-5302. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh859. PMC 521670. PMID 15466595. Wu P, Qiu C, Sohail A, Zhang X, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_glycosylase

I. The inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase in vitro and in vivo by U-7524 (amino- ... Kitagawa, Matsunosuke; Takani, A. (1936). "Studies on a Diamino Acid, Canavanin, IV. The Constitution of Canavanin and Canalin ... Reed, H.; Meltzer, J.; Crews, P.; Norris, C.; Quine, D.; Guth, P. (1985). "Amino-oxyacetic acid as a palliative in tinnitus". ... Blair, P.; Reed, H. (1986). "Amino-oxyacetic acid: A new drug for the treatment of tinnitus". Journal of the Louisiana State ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminooxyacetic_acid

... para-Aminobenzoic acid 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol 4-Amino-2-nitrophenol 2-Amino- ... 9 Dapsone Decabromodiphenyl oxide Deltamethrin Diacetylaminoazotoluene Diallate 1,2-Diamino-4-nitrobenzene 1,4-Diamino-2- ... Parasorbic acid Parathion Patulin Penicillic acid Pentachloroethane Permethrin Perylene Petasitenine Phenanthrene Phenelzine ... Hypochlorite salts Insulation glass wool Iron-dextrin complex Iron sorbitol-citric acid complex Isatidine Isonicotinic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_3_carcinogens

Lattanzio V, Bianco VV, Crivelli G, Miccolis V (May 1983). "Variability of Amino Acids, Protein, Vicine and Convicine in Vicia ... Despite these initial successes, the correct formula of vicine was determined only in 1953 and it is 2,4-diamino-6- ... Vicine was initially isolated in 1870 from the seeds of Vicia sativa by a method of extraction with sulfuric acid and ... 6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine). These aglycones have a strong oxidising capacity for glutathione. In healthy individuals, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicine

1,4-diamino-butane 1,5-diamino-pentane. MPMD. HMD. MXD. Nonane-diamine. Decane-diamine. Dodecane-diamine. bis-(para-amino- ... Sebacic acid (decanedioic acid): Castor oil → ricinoleic acid → sebacic acid. *Dodecanedioic acid: Butadiene → ... Most nylons are made from the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid with a diamine (e.g. PA66) or a lactam or amino acid with itself ... ricinoleic acid → methylricinoleate → methyl-11-undecenoate → undecenoic acid → 11-undecenoic acid → 11-bromoundecanoic acid → ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylon

Unlike related keto acids, it is not an intermediate or metabolite associated with amino acids and its origin is unknown. α- ... 2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene as a precolumn fluorescence derivatization reagent". Journal of Chromatography. 430 (2): ... Ketoisovaleric acid 3-Oxopentanoic acid (β-ketovaleric acid) Levulinic acid (γ-ketovaleric acid) Fu, X; Kimura, M; Iga, M; ... α-Ketovaleric acid is a keto acid that is found in human blood. ... liquid chromatographic determination of alpha-keto acids in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Ketovaleric_acid

"Amino acid studies. Part IV. Structure and synthesis of the plant amino acid willardiine [3-(1-uracyl)-L-alanine]". Acta ... Viso, Alma; Fernández de la Pradilla, Roberto; García, Ana; Flores, Aida (August 2005). "α,β-Diamino Acids: Biological ... Willardiine was first discovered in 1959 by R. Gmelin, when he isolated several free, non-protein amino acids from Acacia ... This final synthesis of willardiine from uracil-1-lyacetaldehyde is carried out under the conditions of Strecker amino acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willardiine

... of the 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid adipic acid. An important use of adipoyl chloride is polymerization with an organic di-amino ... carboxylic acids to form an organic acid anhydrides. In the above reactions, HX (hydrogen halide or hydrohalic acid) is also ... If the acid is a carboxylic acid, the compound contains a -COX functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group singly ... Billions of kilograms are generated annually in the production of acetic acid. The hydroxyl group of a sulfonic acid may also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl_halide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_3_Agents_-_Not_classifiable_as_to_its_carcinogenicity_to_humans

... sulphur-containing amino acids, indol-derivatives, and carbohydrates. In the Handbuch der biochemischen Arbeitsmethoden (1912- ... folyóirat 1909) "Synthese der inaktiven α,δ-Diamino valleriansäure und des Prolnis" (with Emil Fischer; Budapest, 1909; ... Folyóirat 1911) "Neue Synthese von Amino-oxysäuren u. von Piperidon-Derivaten" (with Emil Fischer; Budapest, 1910; Berichte der ... "Übers-Amino α-guanido-capronsäure" (Budapest) "Einige Derivate der Cellobiose" (with Emil Fischer; Budapest, 1911; Berichte der ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Géza_Zemplén

An artificial isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, is used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation. Cruciferous ... O'Reilly, RJ; Radom, L (2009). "Ab initio investigation of the fragmentation of 5,5-diamino-substituted 1,4,2-oxathiazoles". ... "Isothiocyanates from tosyl chloride mediated decomposition of in situ generated dithiocarbamic acid salts". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothiocyanate

acid α, ε diamino-capronic (lisină) După alte grupări incluseModificare. Aminoacizi hidroxilațiModificare. C. H. 2. −. C. H. − ... acid α-amino-propanoic (α-alanină) C. H. 3. −. C. H. −. C. H. −. C. O. O. H. ,. ,. C. H. 3. N. H. 2. {\displaystyle {\begin{ ... acid α amino β hidroxi propanoic (serină) Aminoacizi tioliciModificare. C. H. 2. −. C. H. −. C. O. O. H. ,. ,. S. H. N. H. 2. ... acid aminosuccinic (acid asparagic) H. O. O. C. −. C. H. −. C. H. 2. −. C. H. 2. −. C. O. O. H. ,. N. H. 2. {\displaystyle {\ ...

https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacid

L-amino-acid alpha-ligase EC 6.3.2.29: cyanophycin synthase (L-aspartate-adding) EC 6.3.2.30: cyanophycin synthase (L-arginine- ... 6-diamino-pimelate ligase EC 6.3.2.14: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-serine ligase EC 6.3.2.15: Deleted, due to EC 6.3.2.10 EC 6.3.2.16 ... long-chain-fatty-acid-luciferin-component ligase EC 6.2.1.20: long-chain-fatty-acid-(acyl-carrier-protein) ligase EC 6.2.1.21: ... hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) EC 6.3.5.10: adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)

Other names in common use include diamino-acid transaminase, and diamino acid aminotransferase. Roberts E (February 1954). " ... 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2,5-diaminopentanoate and 2-oxoglutarate, ... whereas its two products are 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate and L-glutamate. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. This enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,5-diaminovalerate_transaminase

States DJ, Walseth TF, Lee HC (December 1992). "Similarities in amino acid sequences of Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase and human ... amino-8-quinoline carboxamides and 2,4-diamino-8-quinazoline carboxamides". SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research. 30 (1): 21- ... Cassic acid (Rhein) CD38-IN-78c Chrysanthemin (Kuromanin) compound 1ai compound 1am Daratumumab A gradual increase in CD38 has ... When nicotinic acid is present under acidic conditions, CD38 can hydrolyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38

Thus, adsorption of the TNT decomposition product 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) was greater than that for 4-amino-2,6- ... Nitric acid is consumed by the manufacturing process, but the diluted sulfuric acid can be reconcentrated and reused. After ... and then carefully nitrated with a mixture of fuming nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Towards the end of the nitration, the ... picric acid. hexanitrobenzene. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT

Some electron-rich iminoboranes form adducts with Lewis acids. The typical [2+3]-cycloaddition is the addition of B≡N and RN3 ... Die Kristall- und Molekularstruktur von Hexakis(trimethylsilyl)-2,4-diamino-1,3,2,4-diazadiboretidin" (PDF). Acta ... amino-boration) and R (alkyl-boration). One of these reactions are illustrated here. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iminoborane

3-{[(2'-{(5S,8S,9S,10R,13S)-15-{6-amino-2- [(1S)-3-amino-1-{[(2S)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl] -5- ... Nonribosomal peptides and polyketides are synthesized from amino acids and short carboxylic acids by NRPSs and PKSs, ... Claussen, C.A.; Long, E.C. (1999). "Nucleic Acid Recognition by Metal Complexes of Bleomycin". Chem. Rev. 99 (9): 2797-2816. ... megasynthetase-templated assembly of the bleomycin peptide/polyketide/peptide aglycon was proposed from nine amino acids and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleomycin

2-(aminometil)- 6-[4,6-diamino-3- [4-amino-3,5-dihidroksi-6-(hidroksimetil) tetrahidropiran-2-il]oksi- 2-hidroksi- ... A Comparative Study with Fusidic Acid". Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun 92: 647-654. ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanamicin

4,6-Diamino-3-({3-amino-6-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl}oxy)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-( ... Acid 4-aminosalicilic# • Dapsonă# • Clofazimină# • Etambutol# • Pirazinamidă# • Fusafungină • Xibornol • Acid mandelic • ... Amoxicilină/acid clavulanic# • Imipenem/cilastatin# • Piperacilină/tazobactam# • Ampicilină/flucloxacilină • Ampicilină/ ...

https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicină

2RS,3S,4S,5R)-5-Amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-((1R,2R,5R,6R)-3,5-diamino-2-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4, ... Neomycin belongs to aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds. ... Acetic acid. *Aluminium acetotartrate. *Aluminium triacetate (Burow's solution). *Boric acid. *Chloramphenicol. *Chlorhexidine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomycin

They can interact with cellular components including unsaturated lipids, amino acid residues and nucleic acids. If sufficient ... Diamino platinum porphyrins show high anti-tumour activity, demonstrating the combined effect of the cytotoxicity of the ... including amino acid residues in proteins, such as tryptophan; unsaturated lipids like cholesterol and nucleic acid bases, ... 5-Aminolaevulinic acid[edit]. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug used to treat and image multiple superficial cancers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy

"Pharmacological properties of N-(3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carbonyl)-N'-4-[4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]butyl-guanidine ... ArCO2- (not para-amino or Ph). *Amoproxan (3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl). *3-(p-Fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane ... Pheneturide; Fatty acids: Valproate. *Valpromide. *Valproate pivoxil; Carboxamides: Carbamazepine#. *Eslicarbazepine acetate. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker

... thymidylic acid, and certain amino acids. While the functional dihydrofolate reductase gene has been mapped to chromosome 5, ... 1kmv: HUMAN DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE COMPLEXED WITH NADPH AND (Z)-6-(2-[2,5-DIMETHOXYPHENYL]ETHEN-1-YL)-2,4-DIAMINO-5- ... Purification, properties, and amino acid sequence". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 254 (22): 11475-84. PMID 500653.. ... Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase

When the spacing of the amino acid residues participating in a hydrogen bond occurs regularly between positions i and i + 4, an ... V. Réaction anormale de la butanedione avec la diamino-1,2 anthraquinone; structure cristalline de la naphto \2,3-f] ... and also in the solid phase of many anhydrous acids such as hydrofluoric acid and formic acid at high pressure. It is also seen ... Viscosity of anhydrous phosphoric acid and of glycerol. *Dimer formation in carboxylic acids and hexamer formation in hydrogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bond

An artificial isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, is used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation. ... O'Reilly, RJ; Radom, L (2009). "Ab initio investigation of the fragmentation of 5,5-diamino-substituted 1,4,2-oxathiazoles". ... "Isothiocyanates from tosyl chloride mediated decomposition of in situ generated dithiocarbamic acid salts". The Journal of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothiocyanate

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Benserazide • کاربی‌دوپا • ژنیستئین • متیل‌دوپا. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase ... Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide • Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide • Methysergide; Phenethylamines: 25I-NBF • 25I-NBMD • 25I-NBOH • 25I ... Agonists: Lysergamides: ALD-52 • Ergometrine • Lisuride • Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide • ال‌اس‌دی • LSD-Pip • ... 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene • 2-Aminoindane • 2-Aminotetralin • 2-Benzylpiperidine • 4-Benzylpiperidine • 5-Iodo-2- ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/بازدارنده_آنزیم

... (Hyl) is an amino acid with the molecular formula C6H14N2O3. It was first discovered in 1921 by Donald Van Slyke ... 2S,5R)-2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid. Other names *5-Hydroxy-L-lysine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylysine

2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-2-{[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-{[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-2- ... However, there seems to be no indication that Tobramycin binds to natural RNAs or other nucleic acids. ... "Carbon Sources Tune Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Control". Cell Chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobramycin

NHCs are often strongly basic (the pKa value of the conjugate acid of an imidazol-2-ylidene was measured at ca. 24) and react ... Solé, Stéphane; Gornitzka, Heinz; Schoeller, Wolfgang W.; Bourissou, Didier; Bertrand, Guy (2001). "(Amino)(Aryl)Carbenes: ... 2-Diamino Enols (Breslow Intermediates)". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (49): 12370-12374. doi:10.1002/anie.201205878. PMID 23081675 ... pKa values for the conjugate acids of several NHC families have been examined in aqueous solution. pKa values of triazolium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_carbene

The vast majority of mutations conferring resistance are single amino acid residue substitutions (His274Tyr in N1) in the ... Karpf M, Trussardi R (March 2001). "New, azide-free transformation of epoxides into 1,2-diamino compounds: synthesis of the ... The enzyme cleaves the sialic acid which is found on glycoproteins on the surface of human cells that helps new virions to exit ... Rawat G, Tripathi P, Saxena RK (May 2013). "Expanding horizons of shikimic acid. Recent progresses in production and its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseltamivir

For example, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and trifluoroperacetic acid oxidises the nitroso-substituted pyrimidine 4,6-diamino ... Mansuy, Daniel; Valadon, Philippe; Erdelmeier, Irene; López Garcia, Pilar; Amar, Claudine; Girault, Jean-Pierre; Dansette, ... Trifluoroperacetic acid (trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, TFPAA) is an organofluorine compound, the peroxy acid analog of ... or by reacting iodobenzene with a combination of trifluoroperacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid: Trifluoroperacetic acid is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifluoroperacetic_acid

In the title mol-ecular salt-adduct, C5H8N3+·C6H7O2−·C6H8O2, the 2,3-diamino-pyridinium cation is essentially planar, with a ... For background to amino-pyridines, see: Peng et al. (2001. ); Leung et al. (2002. ); Banerjee & Murugavel (2004. ); Lautie & ... The carboxyl groups of the sorbic acid mol-ecules and the carboxyl-ate groups of the sorbate anions are connected via O-H⋯O ... In the crystal, the protonated N atom and one of the two amino-group H atoms are hydrogen bonded to the sorbate anion through a ...

http://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2012/01/00/hb6558/index.html

... methyl-amino]-benzoylamino}-nonanedioic acid , C24H30N8O5 , CID 14058546 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14058546

... amino]phenyl]arsonic acid , C9H11AsN6O3 , CID 79871 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/79871

4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-, sodium salt including: 2 synonyms/identifiers. ... This page contains information on the chemical L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2, ... L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl) methyl) amino) benzoyl)-, sodium salt. Identifications. *CAS Number: 31823- ... L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl) methyl) amino) benzoyl)-, sodium salt Related Resources. *USDOT Hazardous ...

https://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/chemicals/cn/L-Glutamic%A0acid%2C%A0N-%284-%28%28%282%2C4-diamino-6-pteridinyl%29methyl%29amino%29benzoyl%29-%2C%A0sodium%A0salt.html

4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl](methyl)amino}benzoyl)amino]-4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)b. ... 2S)-2-[(4-{[(2,4-Diamino-6-pt. eridinyl)methyl](methyl)amino}. benzoyl)amino]-4-(2H-tetrazol-. 5-yl)butanoic acid *Molecular ... amino-6-pteridinyl)m. ethyl](methyl)amino}. benzoyl)amino]-4-(2H. -tetrazol-5-yl)butan. oic acid ... butanoic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] (2S)-2-[(4-{[(2,4-D. iamino-6-pteridinyl. )methyl](methyl)ami. no}benzoyl)amino]-4. -(2H- ...

http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.115771.html

4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-, - chemical information, properties, structures, articles, patents and more ... amino]pentanedioic acid, 4-Amino-4-deoxypteroylglutamate, 4-Aminofolic acid, 4-Amino-PGA, 4-Aminopteroylglutamic acid, 4- ... Folic acid, 4-amino-, Glutamic acid, N-[p-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-, L-, KBio1_001939, KBio2_002391, ... amino]glutaric acid, 2-[[4-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid, … ...

http://www.chemindustry.com/chemicals/053676.html

Diamino-Amino Acids. 7 Results Catalog #. Product Name. CAS. Structure. E-6010. Nα-Boc-(+-)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid. 159002- ... Nα-Boc-(S)-2-amino-3-(dimethylamino)propionic acid. 94778-71-9. ... Nα-Boc-(S)-2-amino-6-(dimethylamino)hexanoic acid. 65671-53-6. ... Nα-Boc-(R)-2-amino-3-(dimethylamino)propionic acid. 110755-32-3. ... Nα-Boc-(+-)-2-amino-3-(dimethylamino)propionic acid. 851653-36-6. ...

http://cnhtechnologies.com/products/6/Diamino-Amino-Acids

4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)methylamino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid, molecular formula: C20H22N8O5. ... Amethopterin; (+)-4-Amino-10-methylfolic acid; N-(p-(((2,4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)methylamino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid. ...

https://www.chemblink.com/products/59-05-2.htm

Glutamic acid, N-[p-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-, L-, L-Glutamic acid, N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl) ... methyl]amino]benzoyl]-, N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid, N-[4-[[(2,4-Diamino-6- ... amino]benzoyl]-, 4-Aminofolic acid, 4-Aminopteroylglutamic acid, Acide N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L ... acido N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinil)metil]amino]benzoil]-L-glutamico, Aminopterin, AMINOPTERIN, Aminopterine, APGA, ...

http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=54-62-6

Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- Pharmacology A non-essential amino acid. Asparagine is critical for the production of ... Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- LogP -2.13 Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- Dosage Forms No information ... Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- Brand names, Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- Analogs *(-)-Asparagine ... Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- fda sheet Butanoic acid, 2,4-diamino-4-oxo-, (S)- msds (material safety sheet) http:// ...

https://pharmacycode.com/Butanoic_acid%2C_2%2C4-diamino-4-oxo-%2C_%28S%29-.html

3.3.2 Amino Acid Derivatives 98. 3.3.3 Amino Alcohols 103. 3.3.4 Diamino Derivatives 106 ... detailing complex syntheses using the amino group as templates and modern techniques focussing on the introduction of the amino ... Amino Group Chemistry: From Synthesis to the Life Sciences (US $266.00). -and- Heterocyclic Chemistry, 5th Edition (US $64.00) ... 6 Amino-Based Building Blocks for the Construction of Biomolecules 207. André Mann ...

http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-3527317414.html

... nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to ... Amino Acids, Basic. *Amino Acids, Diamino. *Amino Acids, Neutral. *Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins ... Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. , PMID:21059682 ...

https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/AHB

are China Amino Acids Products suppliers, provide Amino Acids Products products. ... Quality Amino Acids Products manufacturer, Nanjing Meisun Industry Co., Ltd. ... 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-mercapto-pyrimidin. Contact Supplier. 4-Fluoropyridinehydrochloride. ...

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4-diamino Butanoic Acid Patents and Patent Applications (Class 530/318) Filed with the USPTO ... Search for The Cyclisation Occurring Through The 4-amino Radical Of 2, ... 4-diamino Butanoic Acid Patents (Class 530/318) The Cyclisation Occurring Through The 4-amino Radical Of 2,4-diamino Butanoic ... the side-chain carboxy terminus of one amino acid in the peptide chain to the side-chain amino terminus of another amino acid ...

https://patents.justia.com/patents-by-us-classification/530/318

Amino Acids, Diamino / metabolism * Amino Acids, Diamino / toxicity * Cyanobacteria * Dementia / etiology* * Dementia / ... Keywords: Alzheimers disease; Beta-N-methyl amino-L-alanine (BMAA); Finland; Glutathione; Methylmercury; Mycotoxin. ... beta-N-methyl amino-L-alanine, known to cause dementia and related disorders 3) the aforementioned toxins can be potentiated by ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28687259/?dopt=Abstract

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamino_acid

α-amino acids are molecules, which contain an amine and carboxylic group that are separated by a single carbon (the α-carbon). ... Strecker synthesis is one of several means of producing α-amino acids. ... This produces a 1,2-diamino-diol. The acidic conditions of this step result in protonation of the amide and deprotonation of a ... the α-amino nitrile is broken down using acid (acid hydrolysis) to produce an α-amino carboxylic acid. Here, the α-amino ...

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Overview-of-Strecker-Amino-Acid-Synthesis.aspx

46-diamino-2-phenyl indole. EAA2. excitatory amino acid transporter 2. FA. formic acid. GABT. 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase ... 2010) The role of excitatory amino acid transporters in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem. Res. 35, 1224-1230. ... Oxidized methionine was considered as variable amino acid modification and carbamidomethylation of cysteines as fixed ... excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAA2 or GLT1, cat.#: NBP1-59632, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), GTPase KRas (RASK or ...

https://www.mcponline.org/content/17/1/175

1-amino-cyclohexane carboxylic acid; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; Dab, 2,3-diamino butyric acid; DIC, diisopropyl- ... Amino Acids 46, 873-882. doi: 10.1007/s00726-013-1650-6. Pubmed Abstract , Pubmed Full Text , CrossRef Full Text , Google ... Amino acid derivatives (Iris Biotech or Orpegen Pharma GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) were activated in situ with diisopropy- ... Effect of single amino acid substitution and glycosylation peptide reactivity in human serum. Pharmacol. Res. 10, 1268-1273. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2014.00093/full

2-({2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}(carboxymethyl)amino)acetic acid. Drugi nazivi Diamino etan tetra acetatna kiselina. ... 2002). „Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)". Приступљено 25. 7. 2007.. *↑ „Home , Medical Reference , Complementary ... J. Roger Hart "Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Related Chelating Agents" in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry ... F. Münz "Polyamino carboxylic acids to IG Farben, DE 718 981, 1935; US 2 130 505, 1938. ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilendiamintetrasir%C4%87etna_kiselina

alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Substances * Amino Acids, Diamino ... Agonist-stimulated PI-hydrolysis was attenuated (25 +/- 4% inhibition) by L-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid and partially ... 1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) was only 673 +/- 78% of the basal level. The relative order of potency was ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7690672/?dopt=Abstract

NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID, COMPD. WITH ETHYL[2-AMINO-6-[[(4-FLUOROPHENYL)METHYL]AMINO]-3-PYRIDINYL]CARBAMATE ... Comprehensive supplier list for Naphthalenesulfonic acid, calcium salt, ... Naphthalenesulfonic acid, diamino- (0 suppliers). IUPAC Name: 2,3-diaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid , CAS Registry Number: ... Synonyms: Stebbins acid, Oxy-Tobias acid, 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, beta-Naphtholsulfonic acid, AG-F-99629, BRN ...

https://www.chemicalregister.com/Companies/AName/Page1384/aidN.htm

4-amino-10-methylfolic acid. *Methotrexatum. *Méthotrexate. *N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-L- ... 2S)-2-[[4-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl-methyl-amino]phenyl]carbonylamino]pentanedioic acid. ... Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. , PMID:21059682 ...

https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/MTX

A) HPLC-FD separation of non-hydrolyzed AQC derivatized amino and diamino acids: tyrosine (Try), valine (Val), methionine (Met ... A) HPLC-FD separation of non-hydrolyzed AQC derivatized amino and diamino acids: tyrosine (Try), valine (Val), methionine (Met ... Separation of the derivatized amino and diamino acids was optimized on a C18 column. ... Figure 1A illustrates the HPLC-FD separation of the standard amino acids, BMAA and its isomers N-2(amino)ethylglycine (AEG) and ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/2/509/htm

It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important ... A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. ... 2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. *(2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid ... L-alpha-amino acid / Fatty acid / Amino acid / Carboximidic acid / Carboximidic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid / ...

https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00130

Uwe J. Meierhenrich et al., "Identification of diamino acids in the Murchison meteorite" [abstract], Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA ... Amino acids in meteorites..... 2003, February 12: Amino acids in the Murchison meteorite.... 2002, March 12: More on amino acid ... Amino Acids in Meteorites, by Narcinda R. Lerner, NASA Ames Research Center, 1997.. 1997, October 23: The amino acids in the ... Some unusual amino acids present in the Murchison Meteorite apparently do have small excesses of the L enantiomers.... - ...

https://panspermia.org/chiral.htm

Comprehensive supplier list for ASPARTIC ACID, 2,3-DIMETHYL-N-(PHENYLMETHYL)-3-[(PHENYLMETHYL)AMINO]-,ASPARTIC ACID, 2-( ... Aspartic acid, 3-amino-2,3-dimethyl- (1 supplier). IUPAC Name: (3S)-2,3-diamino-2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid , CAS Registry ... Synonyms: 2,3-diaminosuccinic acid, meso-2,3-Diaminosuccinic acid, 3-Aminoaspartic acid, NSC146876, DL-2,3-diaminosuccinic acid ... Aspartic acid, 2-phenyl- (1 supplier). IUPAC Name: (2R)-2-amino-2-phenylbutanedioic acid , CAS Registry Number: 60760-07-8. ...

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Diamino acids are used for the synthesis of specific peptide nucleic acids, such as daPNA. (wikipedia.org)
Strecker synthesis is one of several means of producing α-amino acids. (news-medical.net)
This makes it a favourable means of α-amino acid synthesis. (news-medical.net)
As such, it offers a possible method for the synthesis of α-amino acids on primitive Earth. (news-medical.net)
Overall, Strecker synthesis converts an aldehyde or ketone, and ammonia into an α-amino acid using a metal cyanide, acid catalyst and water. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on February 25, 2021 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Overview-of-Strecker-Amino-Acid-Synthesis.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Many studies, including nucleic and amino acid derivatives, showed that 2-mercaptopyrimidine and 2-mercapto-4-aminopyrimidine are able to inhibit the synthesis of t -RNA [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
This amino acid-sugar conjugate was prepared by solution synthesis in analogy to the natural fructosyl-amino acids. (springer.com)
Campo VL, Carvalho I, Allman S, Davis BG, Field RA (2007) Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycosyl-amino acids and glycopeptides related to Trypanosoma cruzi mucins. (springer.com)
Kumar V, Ramesh NG (2007) A versatile strategy for the synthesis of N-linked glycoamino acids from glycals. (springer.com)
l -3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -DOPA) uptake in renal epithelial cells is promoted through the type 2 L-type amino acid transporter (LAT2), and this might rate-limit the synthesis of renal dopamine. (ahajournals.org)
4,15,16 Recently, l -DOPA uptake in renal epithelial cells was found to be promoted through the Na + -independent and pH-sensitive type 2 L-type amino acid transporter (LAT2), 17 the activity of which might rate-limit the synthesis of renal dopamine. (ahajournals.org)
We will then highlight the transfer of asymmetry from chiral photons to racemic amino acids and elucidate current experimental data on the photochemical synthesis of amino and diamino acid structures in simulated interstellar and circumstellar ice environments. (rsc.org)
The efficient asymmetric synthesis of new chiral gamma-chloro-alpha,beta-diamino acid derivatives via highly diastereoselective Mannich-type reactions of N-(diphenylmethylene) glycine esters across a chiral alpha-chloro-N-p-toluenesulfinylimine was developed. (ugent.be)
Callebaut G, Mangelinckx S, Kiss L, Sillanpaa R, Fulop F, De Kimpe N. Asymmetric synthesis of α,β-diamino acid derivatives with an aziridine-, azetidine- and γ-lactone-skeleton via Mannich-type additions across α-chloro-N-sulfinylimines. (ugent.be)
It is auxotrophic for biotin and requires biotin or intermediates of biotin synthesis such as 7-keto-8-amino-pelargonic acid (KAPA) or 7,8-diamino-pelargonic acid (DAPA) in the medium ( 21 ). (asm.org)

Asparagine, glutamine and lysine are proteinaceous diamino acids (i.e. they are components of proteins), and are accordingly coded by codons of the genetic material. (wikipedia.org)
The initial report stated that the amino acids were racemic and therefore formed in an abiotic manner, because amino acids of terrestrial proteins are all of the L-configuration. (wikipedia.org)
α-amino acids are essential building blocks of proteins, and there are a variety of ways in which they may be synthesized. (news-medical.net)
Like other amino acids, glutamine is biochemically important as a constituent of proteins. (drugbank.ca)
In particular embodiments, the labeled molecules may be peptides or proteins, although other types of molecules including but not limited to aptamers, oligonucleotides and nucleic acids may be labeled and utilized for such imaging studies. (freepatentsonline.com)
DNA is shaped as a double helix and is made up of nucleic acid-sugar complexes loosely bound to proteins. (mssociety.ca)
Mutation analysis of the two cystinuria disease genes revealed one SLC7A9 mutation (A217T) and two SLC3A1 mutations (I192V and S698G) in French and English Bulldogs that affect nonconserved amino acid residues, arguing against functional impact on the proteins. (diva-portal.org)

It also can react with 2-methylamino-benzoic acid to get N-methyl-N-(2- nitro -phenyl)- anthranilic acid . (phrmg.org)

The primary structure is simply the order, or sequence, of the amino-acid residues along the polypeptide chains. (todayinsci.com)
this chain is folded into a uniquely defined configuration, in which it is held by hydrogen bonds between the peptide nitrogen and oxygen atoms and also between the free amino and carboxyl groups of the diamino and dicarboxyl amino acid residues. (todayinsci.com)
The substrate specificity of an endopeptidase consists in the ability of a given enzyme to hydrolyze the peptide bonds between certain amino acid residues with the greatest speed. (thefreedictionary.com)
they possess a five-motif amino acid sequence signature, and conserved dicarboxylic amino acid residues are probably elements of the glycosyl transferase catalytic center. (asm.org)
In addition, trypsin targets the same residues as amino-reactive cross-linkers, and cleavage will not occur at these cross-linker-modified residues. (mcponline.org)
Cross-linking analysis provides the distance between two cross-linked amino acid residues, whereas mass spectrometry provides information on which residues are connected. (mcponline.org)

F. Clerici, E. Erba, M.L. Gelmi, S. Pellegrino, Non-standard amino acids and peptides: From self-assembly to nanomaterials, Tetrahedron Letters 57 (2016) 5540-5550. (unimi.it)

Solvatochromic Effects in the Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Indazole and Its Amino Derivatives," J. Photochem. (patentgenius.com)
Coupling of the core molecule with the protected amino acid, then deprotection and guanidinylation generated the novel a,a-trehalose derivatives. (paper.edu.cn)
The gamma-chloro-alpha,beta-diamino acid derivatives proved to be excellent building blocks for ring closure towards optically pure anti-and syn-beta,gamma-aziridino-alpha-amino esters, and subsequent ring transformation into trans-3-aminoazetidine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives and alpha,beta-diamino-gamma-butyrolactones. (ugent.be)

Propionates were shown to transesterify with the labelled acetic acid (Fig. 7). (docme.ru)
Transesterificationof esters of propionic acid with [14C]-acetic acid. (docme.ru)

Murchison contains common amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and glutamic acid as well as unusual ones such as isovaline and pseudoleucine. (wikipedia.org)
The simplest and smallest amino acid is glycine , for which the R group is a single hydrogen. (news-medical.net)
Here, we quantify the DLIPS performance using a Raman scattering probe in classification of basic constituents of collagenous tissues, namely, the amino acids glycine, L -proline, and L -alanine, and the dipeptides glycine-glycine, glycine-alanine and glycine-proline and compare the performance to a traditional Raman spectroscopy probe via several multivariate analyses. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
In Noopept's case, the two amino acids are Glycine and Proline . (priceplow.com)

In chemistry, a diamino acid, also called a diamino carboxylic acid, is a molecule containing at least one carboxyl and two amine functional groups. (wikipedia.org)
Here, the α-amino nitrile is protonated by an acid, undergoes a proton transfer step and is subsequently attacked by a molecule of water. (news-medical.net)
2,3-Diaminopropionic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. (hmdb.ca)
The molecule is a tetracarboxylic acid with four -COOH groups. (wikipedia.org)
One section of the molecule is the amino acid aspartic acid. (wikipedia.org)

It's also needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids. (lifebridgehealth.org)
It is a cofactor of many enzymes involved in carboxylation reactions, such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism ( 21 ). (asm.org)
From the work of Elliott (1932, a, b ), it would appear that the enzyme is not concerned with general oxidative katabolism since it does not attack the majority of amino-acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

To do so, the α-amino nitrile is broken down using acid (acid hydrolysis) to produce an α-amino carboxylic acid. (news-medical.net)
Also, the effect of 2-mercaptopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid and S-analogy of pyrimidinic bases on oral epidermoid human carcinoma (KB) have been reported [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Titration reveals changes in ionisation at pK 3.5 and 4.5 due to carboxylic acid groups, and pK 9.5 and 10 due to amino groups. (wikipedia.org)

Our findings, in which substitution of a conserved dibasic amino acid pair in the activation loop of PpPIPK1 completely prevented plasma membrane targeting and abolished enzymatic activity, demonstrate its critical role in these processes. (aber.ac.uk)
Placing our results in the context of studies of eukaryotic PIPKs led us to conclude that the function of the dibasic amino acid pair in the activation loop in type I/II PIPKs is plant specific. (aber.ac.uk)
The present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular genetic basis of cystinuria in patients from Sweden and to correlate genetic findings with phenotypes produced regarding cystine and dibasic amino acid excretion. (diva-portal.org)

Il s'agit d'une source d'informations unique sur les substances chimiques fabriquées et importées en Europe. (europa.eu)

A 2010 study using high resolution analytical tools including spectroscopy, identified 14,000 molecular compounds, including 70 amino acids, in a sample of the meteorite. (wikipedia.org)
Ammonia (formed by nitrogen fixation) is assimilated into organic compounds by converting glutamic acid to glutamine. (drugbank.ca)
Glutamine can then be used as a nitrogen donor in the biosynthesis of many compounds, including other amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines. (drugbank.ca)
A significantly higher anticancer effect of Lac-L-TTA with respect to the fructose analogue emerged from our study suggesting that the anti-metastatic potential of fructosyl-amino acids can be enhanced by increasing the polarity of the compounds, for example by introducing disaccharide moieties in place of fructose. (springer.com)
The invention features compounds and methods relating to hydroxy-proline analog inhibitors of the ASCT1 and ASCT2 neutral amino acid transporters useful for diagnostic purposes. (freepatentsonline.com)
2,3-Diaminopropionic acid, also known as L-2,3-diaminopropanoate or Dpr, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
The production of colours by the action of the enzyme peroxidase on various amino and phenolic compounds has been recorded from time to time, but such reactions have, in general, been regarded merely as tests for the presence of peroxidase, and the nature of the coloured products has been determined only in a few instances. (royalsocietypublishing.org)

When heated, aspergillomarasmine A decomposes between 225° and 236 °C. Hydrolysis produces L-aspartic acid and racemic[why? (wikipedia.org)

Three NPAAs of concern are the neurotoxins Beta-oxalyl-diamino-propionic acid (Beta-ODAP) ( L. sativus ), Diamino-butyric acid (DABA) ( L. sylvestris ) and the nitrile containing beta-amino-propionitrile (BAPN) ( L. odoratus ). (westnet.com.au)

The corresponding diamino acids such as 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid were detected in the Murchison meteorite and in a simulated comet. (wikipedia.org)
A specific family of amino acids called diamino acids was identified in the Murchison meteorite as well. (wikipedia.org)
Amino Acid Asymmetry in the Murchison Meteorite! (panspermia.org)
Now two biochemists at the University of Arizona have reported in Science that they found more left-handed than right-handed versions of certain amino acids in the Murchison meteorite (3) . (panspermia.org)
Other scientists, before 1997, have demonstrated that there are more left-handed than right-handed versions of some amino acids found in the Murchison meteorite (5) . (panspermia.org)
Now we can be even more confident that the excess of left-handed amino acids in the Murchison meteorite was there before it struck Earth. (panspermia.org)
The results increase the weight of the previous argument for panspermia based on biological amino acids from Murchison. (panspermia.org)

5-[(2-Aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, a fluorophor usually coupled to the Nω of a diamino acid (e.g. (bachem.com)

Amino acids and the asymmetry of life. (wikipedia.org)
In 1997, L-excesses also were found in a non-protein amino acid, isovaline, suggesting an extraterrestrial source for molecular asymmetry in the solar system. (wikipedia.org)

14 The proximal tubules, but not distal segments of the nephron, are endowed with high aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activity, and epithelial cells of proximal tubules have been demonstrated to synthesize dopamine from circulating or filtered l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -DOPA). (ahajournals.org)

Cystinuria is defined as an inherited disorder characterized by increased urinary excretion of cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine. (diva-portal.org)
Lysine Other name(s): a,e-diamino-n-caproic acid General information Lysine is an essential amino acid. (lifebridgehealth.org)

Mechanism of L-ascorbic acid uptake by rabbit corneal epithelial cells: evidence for the involvement of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2. (biomedsearch.com)
PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of L-ascorbic acid uptake by rabbit corneal epithelial cells and to functionally characterize the specific transporter involved in this translocation process. (biomedsearch.com)
METHODS: Uptake studies were carried out with SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea) and rPCEC (rabbit Primary corneal epithelial cell culture) in 12-well plates using [14C] Ascorbic acid (AA). (biomedsearch.com)
Uptake was done in the presence of L-ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid to delineate stereospecificity. (biomedsearch.com)
RESULTS: Uptake of AA was inhibited by about 90% and 50% respectively in the presence of L-ascorbic acid and D-isoascorbic acid in both SIRC and rPCEC. (biomedsearch.com)
A saturable, sodium dependent, and pH sensitive transporter with high specificity for L-ascorbic acid was functionally characterized and was identified as SVCT2. (biomedsearch.com)

of glutamate and related excitatory amino acids suggest that excitotoxic injury may be a contributory factor. (jneurosci.org)
Glucarpidase is a recombinant form of carboxypeptidase G2, a bacterial enzyme that rapidly cleaves methotrexate to form the amino acid glutamate and 2,4-diamino-N 10 -methylpteroic acid. (dovepress.com)

From the culture medium of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas corrugata, a lipopeptide siderophore was isolated that comprises interesting structural elements such as cyclic condensation products of the two amino groups of 2,4-diamino butyric acid with the carboxyl group of a second amino acid, and the rarely encountered L-threo-B-hydroxy histidine. (usda.gov)
Methionine Other name(s): a-amino-g-methylthiol-n-butyric acid Overview Methionine is an amino acid. (lifebridgehealth.org)

The scientific design of this mission will therefore be presented in the context of analysing the formation of amino acid structures within interstellar ice analogues as a means towards furthering understanding of the origin of asymmetric biological molecules. (rsc.org)

The carboxyl groups of the sorbic acid mol-ecules and the carboxyl-ate groups of the sorbate anions are connected via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. (iucr.org)

A team of chemists in Sweden demonstrated in 2005 that this homochirality could have been triggered or catalyzed, by the action of a left-handed amino acid such as proline. (wikipedia.org)
However, even before the new work by Cronin and Pizarello was reported, analyses of isotope ratios showed that the excess of left-handed amino acids in the meteorite was not the result of earthly contamination (7) . (panspermia.org)
Cronin and Pizarello do not mention the possibility that the left-handed amino acids could be byproducts of biological processes in the meteorite's parent body. (panspermia.org)
NASA has found left-handed amino acids in many more carbon-rich meteorites. (panspermia.org)

These analogs are potent and selective inhibitors of ASCT2 and ASCT1-mediated amino acid transport as evidenced by significantly reduced glutamine or alanine transport-associated currents or radiolabeled substrate (amino acid) uptake in Xenopus oocytes expressing ASCT2 or ASCT1. (freepatentsonline.com)

α-amino acids are molecules, which contain an amine and carboxylic group that are separated by a single carbon (the α-carbon). (news-medical.net)

Artificial peptide nucleic acids are capable of forming duplex structures with individual DNA- and RNA-strands and are, therefore, not only called DNA-analog, but also they are considered as candidates for the first genetic material on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleic Acids Res. (rcsb.org)

The two neutral amino acids examined had rate coefficients for efflux which were similar, and approximately equal to rate coefficients for the nonsaturable component of entry of this category of substrates. (arvojournals.org)
the difference may be due to lower levels of endogenous, competing diamino acids compared with the neutral amino acids. (arvojournals.org)

E. A. Bell, K. P. W. C. Perera, P. B. Nunn, M. S. J. Simmonds and W. M. Blaney, "Non-Protein Amino Acids of Lathyrus Latifolius as Feeding Deterrents and Phago-stimulants in Spodoptera Littoralis," Phytochemistry, Vol. 43, No. 5, 1996, pp. 1003-1007. (scirp.org)

The monofunctional penicillin-binding dd -peptidases and penicillin-hydrolyzing serine β-lactamases diverged from a common ancestor by the acquisition of structural changes in the polypeptide chain while retaining the same folding, three-motif amino acid sequence signature, serine-assisted catalytic mechanism, and active-site topology. (asm.org)
The present invention relates to a method for providing bacterial or yeast cells with the capacity to produce a protein, the amino acid sequence of which comprises at least one unconventional amino acid. (patentgenius.com)

Agonist-stimulated PI-hydrolysis was attenuated (25 +/- 4% inhibition) by L-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid and partially blocked (44 +/- 7%) by pertussis toxin treatment. (nih.gov)
Inhibition studies were performed in the presence of D-glucose a substrate for GLUT and also para amino hippuric acid (PAHA) a substrate for organic anion transporter. (biomedsearch.com)

In P. teres, a biosynthetic precursor of aspergillomarasmine A, L,L-N-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-aspartic acid has also been isolated and found to contribute to the phytotoxic properties of this microbe. (wikipedia.org)
contradictory] With nitrous acid aspergillomarasmine A is deaminated,[clarification needed] and isoserine with aspartic acid is formed. (wikipedia.org)

When HY is an amino compound, NH 2 -R 3 , the carbonyl donor is transpeptidated and the product of enzyme deacylation is R 1 -CO-NH-R 3 . (asm.org)

It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. (drugbank.ca)
iii) acyl side chain derived from malic acid, succinic acid, their mono amides, α-ketoglutaric acid, or glutamic acid. (chromatographyonline.com)

Selectivity has been established in the same manner whereby reduced substrate associated current or substrate uptake is unobserved in Xenopus oocytes expressing ATA2, SN1, or EAAT(s) (excitatory amino acid transporter). (freepatentsonline.com)

6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, and glycolic acid. (google.com.au)
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid is citric acid. (google.com.au)
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, and glycolic acid. (google.com.au)
20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid is citric acid. (google.com.au)

Tryptophan Other name(s): a-amino-b-[3-indollyl]-propionic acid Unsubstantiated claims Please note that this section reports on claims that have not yet been substantiated through studies. (lifebridgehealth.org)
Serine Other name(s): a-amino-b-hydroxy-propionic acid General description Phosphatidylserine is a fat-soluble phospholipid. (lifebridgehealth.org)
2,3-diamino-propionic acid. (wikipedia.org)

trypsin does the same with diamino acids. (thefreedictionary.com)

Meso-diaminopimelic acid and meso-lanthionine, amino acids specific to bacterial peptidoglycans, activate human epithelial cells through NOD1. (invivogen.com)

Anhydroaspergillomarasmine A, a lactam of aspergillomarasmine A, chemically called [1-(2-amino-2carboxyethyl)-6-carboxy-3-carboxymethyl-3-piperazinone], can also be found in Pyrenophora teres. (wikipedia.org)

Stage 1: Addition of ammonia and hydrogen cyanide to an aldehyde to form an α-amino nitrile. (news-medical.net)
Stage 2: hydrolysis of the α-amino nitrile to produce an α-amino acid. (news-medical.net)

Gruner SAW, Locardi E, Lohof E, Kessler H (2002) Carbohydrate-based mimetics in drug design: sugar amino acids and carbohydrate scaffolds. (springer.com)

most amino acids used by living organisms are left-handed in chirality, and most sugars used are right-handed. (wikipedia.org)
2,3-Diaminopropionic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. (hmdb.ca)

In biochemistry, diamino acids are of particular interest. (wikipedia.org)
Biochemistry scientific background with amino acids. (news-medical.net)

Catalyzes the transfer of the alpha-amino group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) to form 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA). (uniprot.org)

1.5E6 OH/cm3) Half-Life = 24.287 Min Ozone Reaction: No Ozone Reaction Estimation Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 1 (Junge,Mackay) Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66): Koc : 3335 Log Koc: 3.523 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]: Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure! (chemspider.com)
Hydrolysis of the resultant product yields the α-amino acid. (news-medical.net)
In contrast, the maximal stimulation of PI-hydrolysis by (1S,3R)-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) was only 673 +/- 78% of the basal level. (nih.gov)

The primordial appearance of chiral amino acids was an essential component of the asymmetric evolution of life on Earth. (rsc.org)

Blakley RL, Ramasastri BV, McDougall BM (1963) The biosynthesis of thymidylic acid. (springer.com)

The genetic basis of the disorder is best characterized in humans and is caused by mutations in one of the amino acid transporter genes SLC3A1 or SLC7A9 , which results in hyperexcretion of cystine and the dibasic amino acids in the urine and subsequent precipitation of cystine due to its low solubility in urine. (diva-portal.org)

The use of ammonium salts results in the production of unsubstituted amino acids. (news-medical.net)

Anatomy11

Organisms20

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care8

Geographicals4

Disaccharides as a new class of nonaccumulated osmoprotectants for Sinorhizobium meliloti. (1/227)

Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine. (2/227)

A cycle of deprotonation and reprotonation energizing amino-acid transport? (3/227)

The contribution of a conformationally mobile, active site loop to the reaction catalyzed by glutamate semialdehyde aminomutase. (4/227)

Purified NS2B/NS3 serine protease of dengue virus type 2 exhibits cofactor NS2B dependence for cleavage of substrates with dibasic amino acids in vitro. (5/227)

Ectoine, the compatible solute of Halomonas elongata, confers hyperosmotic tolerance in cultured tobacco cells. (6/227)

SH3 domain recognition of a proline-independent tyrosine-based RKxxYxxY motif in immune cell adaptor SKAP55. (7/227)

Apolipoprotein E;-low density lipoprotein receptor interaction. Influences of basic residue and amphipathic alpha-helix organization in the ligand. (8/227)

Amino Acids, Diamino

Amino Acids

Actinomycetales

Renal Aminoacidurias

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Diaminopimelic Acid

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Amino Acid Sequence

Phylogeny

DNA, Ribosomal

Base Composition

Amino Acid Substitution

DNA, Bacterial

Cloning, Molecular

Molecular Sequence Data

Vitamin K 2

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Genes, rRNA

Fatty Acids

Amino Acids, Essential

Soil Microbiology

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Amino Acid Transport Systems

Propionibacteriaceae

Peptidoglycan

Sequence Alignment

Actinobacteria

Species Specificity

Amino Acid Motifs

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Base Sequence

Escherichia coli

Mutation

Binding Sites

Cellulomonas

Bacillaceae

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

DNA, Complementary

Amino Acids, Aromatic

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain

Diamines

Amination

Peptide Fragments

Amino Acids, Sulfur

Korea

Kinetics

Lysine

Recombinant Proteins

Leucine

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Protein Conformation

Models, Molecular

Paenibacillus

Sodium Chloride

Ornithine

Rhizosphere

Structure-Activity Relationship

Phenotype

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Meteoroids

Substrate Specificity

DNA

Molecular Weight

Peptides

Quinones

Protein Binding

Bacterial Proteins

Micrococcaceae

Restriction Mapping

Cell Wall

Geologic Sediments

Cell Line

Alanine

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Genes, Bacterial

RNA, Bacterial

Proteins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

RNA, Messenger

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic