Amino acid motifs. Medical search

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Three regions (CDR1; CDR2 and CDR3) of amino acid sequence in the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION that are highly divergent. Together the CDRs from the light and heavy immunoglobulin chains form a surface that is complementary to the antigen. These regions are also present in other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, for example, T-cell receptors (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL).

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Commonly observed BASE SEQUENCE or nucleotide structural components which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE or a SEQUENCE LOGO.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

Amino acids with side chains that are positively charged at physiological pH.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

Protein modules with conserved ligand-binding surfaces which mediate specific interaction functions in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and the specific BINDING SITES of their cognate protein LIGANDS.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter that accounts for most of the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid uptake by mammalian cells. The preferred substrates for this transporter system include ALANINE; SERINE; and GLUTAMINE.

Amino acids with uncharged R groups or side chains.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

The first DNA-binding protein motif to be recognized. Helix-turn-helix motifs were originally identified in bacterial proteins but have since been found in hundreds of DNA-BINDING PROTEINS from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They are constructed from two alpha helices connected by a short extended chain of amino acids, which constitute the "turn." The two helices are held at a fixed angle, primarily through interactions between the two helices. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, p408-9)

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AMINO ACIDS.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

A CD98 antigen light chain that when heterodimerized with CD98 antigen heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) forms a protein that mediates sodium-independent L-type amino acid transport.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Huckebein repressor activity in Drosophila terminal patterning is mediated by Groucho. (1/11917)

The Groucho corepressor mediates negative transcriptional regulation in association with various DNA-binding proteins in diverse developmental contexts. We have previously implicated Groucho in Drosophila embryonic terminal patterning, showing that it is required to confine tailless and huckebein terminal gap gene expression to the pole regions of the embryo. Here we reveal an additional requirement for Groucho in this developmental process by establishing that Groucho mediates repressor activity of the Huckebein protein. Putative Huckebein target genes are derepressed in embryos lacking maternal groucho activity and biochemical experiments demonstrate that Huckebein physically interacts with Groucho. Using an in vivo repression assay, we identify a functional repressor domain in Huckebein that contains an FRPW tetrapeptide, similar to the WRPW Groucho-recruitment domain found in Hairy-related repressor proteins. Mutations in Huckebein's FRPW motif abolish Groucho binding and in vivo repression activity, indicating that binding of Groucho through the FRPW motif is required for the repressor function of Huckebein. Taken together with our earlier results, these findings show that Groucho-repression regulates sequential aspects of terminal patterning in Drosophila. (+info)

Two di-leucine-based motifs account for the different subcellular localizations of the human endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1) isoforms. (2/11917)

Endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1) is a type II integral membrane protein which plays a key role in the biosynthetic pathway of the vasoconstricting endothelins. Three ECE-1 isoforms, differing by their N-terminal cytoplasmic tails, are generated from a single gene. When expressed in CHO cells, they display comparable enzymatic activity but whereas ECE-1a is strongly expressed at the cell surface, ECE-1b is exclusively intracellular and ECE-1c presents an intermediate distribution. In the present study these different localizations were further described at the ultrastructural level, by electron microscope immunocytochemistry. To characterize the motifs responsible for the intracellular localization of ECE-1b we constructed chimeric proteins and point mutants. Two di-leucine-based motifs, contained in the N-terminal part of ECE-1b, were thus identified. One of these motifs (LV), displayed by both ECE-1b and ECE-1c, accounts for the reduced surface expression of ECE-1c as compared to ECE-1a. Mutation of both motifs (LL and LV) induces a very strong appearance of ECE-1b at the cell surface indicating that their presence in the N-terminal extremity of ECE-1b is critical for its exclusively intracellular localization. (+info)

An Arabidopsis cDNA encoding a DNA-binding protein that is highly similar to the DEAH family of RNA/DNA helicase genes. (3/11917)

A cDNA encoding a putative RNA and/or DNA helicase has been isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA libraries. The cloned cDNA is 5166 bases long, and its largest open reading frame encodes 1538 amino acids. The central region of the predicted protein is homologous to a group of nucleic acid helicases from the DEAD/H family. However, the N- and C-terminal regions of the Arabidopsis cDNA product are distinct from these animal DEIH proteins. We have found that the C-terminal region contains three characteristic sequences: (i) two DNA-binding segments that form a probe helix (PH) involved in DNA recognition; (ii) an SV40-type nuclear localization signal; and (iii) 11 novel tandem-repeat sequences each consisting of about 28 amino acids. We have designated this cDNA as NIH (nuclear DEIH-boxhelicase). Functional character-ization of a recombinant fusion product containing the repeated region indicates that NIH may form homodimers, and that this is the active form in solution. Based on this information and the observation that the sequence homology is limited to the DEAH regions, we conclude that the biological roles of the plant helicase NIH differ from those of the animal DEIH family. (+info)

A conserved motif N-terminal to the DNA-binding domains of myogenic bHLH transcription factors mediates cooperative DNA binding with pbx-Meis1/Prep1. (4/11917)

The t(1;19) chromosomal translocation of pediatric pre-B cell leukemia produces chimeric oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1, which contains the N-terminal transactivation domain of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, E2a, joined to the majority of the homeodomain protein, Pbx1. There are three Pbx family members, which bind DNA as heterodimers with both broadly expressed Meis/Prep1 homeo-domain proteins and specifically expressed Hox homeodomain proteins. These Pbx heterodimers can augment the function of transcriptional activators bound to adjacent elements. In heterodimers, a conserved tryptophan motif in Hox proteins binds a pocket on the surface of the Pbx homeodomain, while Meis/Prep1 proteins bind an N-terminal Pbx domain, raising the possibility that the tryptophan-interaction pocket of the Pbx component of a Pbx-Meis/Prep1 complex is still available to bind trypto-phan motifs of other transcription factors bound to flanking elements. Here, we report that Pbx-Meis1/Prep1 binds DNA cooperatively with heterodimers of E2a and MyoD, myogenin, Mrf-4 or Myf-5. As with Hox proteins, a highly conserved tryptophan motif N-terminal to the DNA-binding domains of each myogenic bHLH family protein is required for cooperative DNA binding with Pbx-Meis1/Prep1. In vivo, MyoD requires this tryptophan motif to evoke chromatin remodeling in the Myogenin promoter and to activate Myogenin transcription. Pbx-Meis/Prep1 complexes, therefore, have the potential to cooperate with the myogenic bHLH proteins in regulating gene transcription. (+info)

Drosophila and human RecQ5 exist in different isoforms generated by alternative splicing. (5/11917)

Members of the RecQ helicase superfamily have been implicated in DNA repair, recombination and replication. Although the genome of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes only a single member of this family, there are at least five human RecQ-related genes: RecQL, BLM, WRN, RecQ4 and RecQ5. Mutations in at least three of these are associated with diseases involving a predisposition to malignancies and a cellular phenotype that includes increased chromosome instability. Metazoan RecQ helicases are defined by a core region with characteristic helicase motifs and sequence similarity to Escherichia coli RecQ protein. This core region is typically flanked by extensive, highly charged regions, of largely unknown function. The recently reported human RecQ5, however, has only the core RecQ-homologous region. We describe here the identification of the Drosophila RecQ5 gene. We recovered cDNAs corresponding to three alternative splice forms of the RecQ5 transcript. Two of these generate nearly identical 54 kDa proteins that, like human RecQ5, consist of the helicase core only. The third splice variant encodes a 121 kDa isoform that, like other family members, has a C-terminal extension rich in charged residues. A combination of RACE and cDNA analysis of human RECQ5 demonstrates extensive alternative splicing for this gene also, including some forms lacking helicase motifs and other conserved regions. (+info)

The acidic domain and first immunoglobulin-like loop of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 modulate downstream signaling through glycosaminoglycan modification. (6/11917)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are membrane-spanning tyrosine kinases that have been implicated in a variety of biological processes including mitogenesis, cell migration, development, and differentiation. We identified a unique isoform of FGFR2 expressed as a diffuse band with an unusually large molecular mass. This receptor is modified by glycosaminoglycan at a Ser residue located immediately N terminal to the acidic box, a stretch of acidic amino acids. The acidic box and the glycosaminoglycan modification site are encoded by an alternative exon of the FGFR2 gene. The acidic box appears to play an important role in glycosaminoglycan modification, and the presence of this domain is required for modification by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan. Moreover, the presence of the first immunoglobulin-like domain encoded by another alternative exon abrogated the modification. The high-affinity receptor with heparan sulfate modification enhanced receptor autophosphorylation, substrate phosphorylation, and ternary complex factor-independent gene expression. It also sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and increased eventual DNA synthesis, a long-term response to fibroblast growth factor stimulation, at physiological ligand concentrations. We propose a novel regulation mechanism of FGFR2 signal transduction through glycosaminoglycan modification. (+info)

The net repressor is regulated by nuclear export in response to anisomycin, UV, and heat shock. (7/11917)

The ternary complex factors (TCFs) are targets for Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. They integrate the transcriptional response at the level of serum response elements in early-response genes, such as the c-fos proto-oncogene. An important aim is to understand the individual roles played by the three TCFs, Net, Elk1, and Sap1a. Net, in contrast to Elk1 and Sap1a, is a strong repressor of transcription. We now show that Net is regulated by nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in response to specific signalling pathways. Net is mainly nuclear under both normal and basal serum conditions. Net contains two nuclear localization signals (NLSs); one is located in the Ets domain, and the other corresponds to the D box. Net also has a nuclear export signal (NES) in the conserved Ets DNA binding domain. Net is apparently unique among Ets proteins in that a particular leucine in helix 1, a structural element, generates a NES. Anisomycin, UV, and heat shock induce active nuclear exclusion of Net through a pathway that involves c-Jun N-terminal kinase kinase and is inhibited by leptomycin B. Nuclear exclusion relieves transcriptional repression by Net. The specific induction of nuclear exclusion of Net by particular signalling pathways shows that nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of transcription factors can add to the specificity of the response to signalling cascades. (+info)

Regulation of RelA subcellular localization by a putative nuclear export signal and p50. (8/11917)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) represents a family of dimeric DNA binding proteins, the pleotropic form of which is a heterodimer composed of RelA and p50 subunits. The biological activity of NF-kappaB is controlled through its subcellular localization. Inactive NF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm by physical interaction with an inhibitor, IkappaBalpha. Signal-mediated IkappaBalpha degradation triggers the release and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. It remains unknown whether the NF-kappaB shuttling between the cytoplasm and nucleus is subjected to additional steps of regulation. In this study, we demonstrated that the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB exhibits strong cytoplasmic localization activity even in the absence of IkappaBalpha inhibition. The cytoplasmic distribution of RelA is largely mediated by a leucine-rich sequence homologous to the recently characterized nuclear export signal (NES). This putative NES is both required and sufficient to mediate cytoplasmic localization of RelA as well as that of heterologous proteins. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic distribution of RelA is sensitive to a nuclear export inhibitor, leptomycin B, suggesting that RelA undergoes continuous nuclear export. Interestingly, expression of p50 prevents the cytoplasmic expression of RelA, leading to the nuclear accumulation of both RelA and p50. Together, these results suggest that the nuclear and cytoplasmic shuttling of RelA is regulated by both an intrinsic NES-like sequence and the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB. (+info)

v t e (Amino acids, Amino acid motifs, All stub articles, Molecular biology stubs). ... any amino acid X- any amino acid ER retention KDEL (amino acid sequence) COPI Signal peptide Protein targeting Martin J. ... KKXX and for some proteins XKXX is a target peptide motif located in the C terminus in the amino acid structure of a protein ... The abbreviation KKXX is formed by the corresponding standard abbreviations for lysine (K) and any amino acid (X). This letter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKXX_(amino_acid_sequence)

Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Amino acids, Amino acid motifs, Peptide sequences). ... H-Histidine D-Aspartic acid E-Glutamic acid L-Leucine Three letter code is: His-Asp-Glu-Leu. ER retention KKXX (amino acid ... KDEL is a target peptide sequence in mammals and plants located on the C-terminal end of the amino acid structure of a protein ... The abbreviation KDEL is formed by the corresponding letters to each amino acid. This letter system was defined by the IUPAC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDEL_(amino_acid_sequence)

v t e (Protein pages needing a picture, Amino acid motifs, All stub articles, Molecular biology stubs). ... The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) is a 35-amino acid sequence motif. Pentatricopeptide-repeat-containing proteins are a family ... They are distinguished by the presence of tandem degenerate PPR motifs and by the relative lack of introns in the genes coding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentatricopeptide_repeat

Peifer M, Berg S, Reynolds AB (March 1994). "A repeating amino acid motif shared by proteins with diverse cellular roles". Cell ... Liu J, Xing Y, Hinds TR, Zheng J, Xu W (June 2006). "The third 20 amino acid repeat is the tightest binding site of APC for ... First, they might reach or even surpass the length of 30 amino acids in length, and contact the ARM domain on an excessively ... There is one requirement, though: substrates of GSK3 need to be pre-phosphorylated four amino acids downstream (C-terminally) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin_beta-1

The last three amino acids of the CaaX motif are removed later. There are four binding pockets in FTase, which accommodate the ... is an aliphatic amino acid, and 'X' is variable). The carboxyl-terminal amino acid (X) discriminates FTase's targets from those ... last four amino acids on the carboxyl-terminus of a protein. Only those with a suitable CaaX motif can bind ('C' is Cysteine, ' ... Farnesyltransferase (FTase) adds a 15-carbon isoprenoid called a farnesyl group to proteins bearing a CaaX motif: a four-amino ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesyltransferase

The WH2 domain is an ~18-21 amino acids actin-binding motif. This domain was first recognized as an essential element for the ... The human COBL gene encodes a 1261-amino acid protein with a mass of about 136 kDa. The mouse protein is 1337 amino acids long ... Cobl Homology domains contain three motifs following the consensus KrRAPpPP (first described as "KRAP" motif of unknown ... The WH2 motif in WASp recruits ATP-G-actin that binds to either Arp2 or Arp3 to complete the formation of a trimeric actin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordon-bleu_protein

It has a motif domain between the amino acids 35 and 43. Due to the alternative splicing, two isoforms of this same protein ... Isoform 2 consists just of 151 amino acids, having a mass of 16,667 Da. Small GTPases of the RAB superfamily are recognized as ... Even though these RAB family proteins are highly homologous to each other (RAB2A and RAB2B have 85.8% amino acid identity), the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAB2B

Peifer M, Berg S, Reynolds AB (1994). "A repeating amino acid motif shared by proteins with diverse cellular roles". Cell. 76 ( ... Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_Bipartite_1 Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoCore_ ... 2 Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoExtC_3 Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_NLS_MonoExtN ... An armadillo repeat is the name of a characteristic, repetitive amino acid sequence of about 40 residues in length that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo_repeat

Members of this enzyme family typically share two conserved amino acid motifs. The first motif, or string of consecutive amino ... The second conserved motif is DFGWG (Aspartic acid, Phenylalanine, Glycine, Tryptophan, Glycine) and it is typically found near ... Phylogenetic analysis using full-length amino acid sequences of functionally characterized BAHD enzymes by D'Auria (2006) and ... Aspartic acid) and it is typically found in the central region of the protein. The Histidine in this motif has also been shown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAHD_acyltransferase

SMG stands for the conserved amino acid motif of Ser-Met-Gly. Upon closure, these residues interact with L-ornithine. The ... Orotic acid is a product of this pathway. Increased levels of orotic acid in urine can be an indicator that a patient is ... Postranscriptional modification leaves the mature peptide with 322 amino acids and a weight of 36.1 kD. The protein is located ... Anabolic OTC facilitates the sixth step in the biosynthesis of the amino acid arginine in prokaryotes. In contrast, mammalian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine_transcarbamylase

For example, RNP in snRNPs have an RNA-binding motif in its RNA-binding protein. Aromatic amino acid residues in this motif ... they provide a rough model of the structure which allows for predictions of the identity of significant amino acids and ... This nucleic acid binding is strengthened by electrostatic attraction between the positive lysine side chains and the negative ... Lysine residues in the helical portion of RNA-binding proteins help to stabilize interactions with nucleic acids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein

UBA domains have a common sequence motif of approximately 45 amino acid residues. They fold into three-helix bundle structures ... Hofmann K, Bucher P (May 1996). "The UBA domain: a sequence motif present in multiple enzyme classes of the ubiquitination ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBA_protein_domain

There is also a predicted sumoylation motif from amino acid 212 to 221. C19orf44 is predicted to be localized in the nucleus or ... The amino acid sequence for C19orf44 was found to be serine rich using tools on EMBL-EBI. Additionally, there is a domain of ... It contains 10 exons that code for a 657 amino acid protein. There are 7 splice variants that exist for C19orf44. C19orf44 is ... located from amino acid 474 to 641. C19orf44 has experimentally determined phosphorylation sites at the S114 and S213 positions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19orf44

These proteins have either an EAL or an HD-GYP amino acid motif. Processes that are known to be regulated by cyclic di-GMP, at ... These proteins typically have a characteristic GGDEF motif, which refers to a conserved sequence of five amino acids. ... 1987). "Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid". Nature. 325 (6101): 279-281. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_di-GMP

This protein contains a conserved 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGS18

Calmodulin contains 148 amino acids and has 4 calcium-binding EF hand motifs. Its functions include roles in growth and the ... Li Z, Sacks DB (Feb 2003). "Elucidation of the interaction of calmodulin with the IQ motifs of IQGAP1". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmodulin_1

It contains a divalent cation tolerance protein CutA motif from amino acids 57-88. No transmembrane domains or N-terminal ... Chemically significant amino acid changes in conserved regions of the c4orf36 protein were found with NCBI SNPGeneView. GRCh38 ... C4orf36 encodes a 117 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 13.28 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.54. ... "GenomeNet MOTIF Search". GenomeNet. Archived from the original on 2011-08-17. "PSORTII Prediction". PSORTII. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4orf36

This recruitment takes place via a 4 amino acid motif in the Ste5 phosphosites. Ptc1 is also involved in regulating the osmotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptc1

A coronavirus cleavage site is predicted at the 235 amino acid position. There are also tyrosine motif locations between amino ... The full C16orf46 protein is 417 amino acids long. It has no isoforms, and its most distant ortholog, Rhincodon typus (whale ... acids 42-45 and 251-252. mRNA folding on the 5' UTR predicts a stem loop twice in the area between base pairs 47-90. C16orf46 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C16orf46

The amino acid sequence of Cl6a contains the NaSpTx family 1 motif KHKWCK. Cl6a highly resembles a similar sequence with other ... Toxins of NaSpTx family 1 are characterized by containing the following motif present in the amino acid sequence of the toxins ... For instance, the amino acid sequence of Cl6a shows 67% sequence similarity with Hainantoxin (HNTX) III and 97% with huwentoxin ... Cl6a is a 33 amino acid residue peptide toxin with a molecular weight of 3775.6 Dalton. Its molecular structure encompasses six ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl6a

... identification of amino acid sequence motifs governing subunit stoichiometry". Neuron. 11 (6): 1049-56. doi:10.1016/0896-6273( ... The receptor can be activated by a range of simple amino acids including glycine, β-alanine and taurine, and can be selectively ... The glycine receptor (abbreviated as GlyR or GLR) is the receptor of the amino acid neurotransmitter glycine. GlyR is an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_receptor

DUF 4587 is usually between 64 and 79 amino acids long and contains the two sequence motifs QNAQ and HHH. PRR29 is predicted to ... It contains one proline-rich region motif that extends from amino acid 39 to 107. The secondary structure is characterized by ... Its name is derived from the chain of 5 proline amino acids located toward the end of the protein. The primary domain within ... PRR29 contains a proline rich region within its sequence from amino acids 73 to 166. A domain of unknown function, DUF 4587, is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRR29

McLachlan A, Cullis PG, Cornell HJ (October 2002). "The use of extended amino acid motifs for focussing on toxic peptides in ... The IRP lies within a 25 amino-acid long region that is resistant to pancreatic proteases. The 25mer is also resistant to Brush ... HLA-DQ proteins present polypeptide regions of proteins of about 9 amino acids and larger in size (10 to 14 residues in ... Α2-gliadin differs from the other α-gliadins, specifically because it contains an insert of 14 amino acids. This particular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten_immunochemistry

These amino acids form the DDE motif that coordinate divalent metal ions (Mg2+ or Mn2+). These metal ions are essential for the ... A loop containing amino acid residues 140-149 is located in the catalytic-core domain and is important for IN function as ... 2. The catalytic core domain (CCD), which encompasses amino acids 51- 212, contains the active site of IN but it can't catalyze ... 3. The C-terminal domain (CTD), which encompasses amino acids 213-288, binds DNA nonspecifically and its interaction with NTD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_integrase_inhibitors

The Sac1 phosphatase domain encompasses approximately 400 amino acids and consists of seven conserved motifs. It harbors the ... In humans, the FIG4 gene localizes on chromosome 6 and encodes a Sac3 protein of 907 amino acids. Sac3 is characterized as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig4

As predicted amino acids in the conserved WRKYGQK signature motif contact the W-box DNA. WRKY Transcription Factor Family at ... The W box is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cis-regulatory element sequence, (T)TGAC(C/T), which is recognized by the family of ... Nucleic Acids Research. 41 (21): 9764-9778. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt732. PMC 3834811. PMID 23975197. Yamasaki, K.; Kigawa T; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-box

This motif is composed of four amino acids at the end of the protein sequence. The most common retention sequences are KDEL for ... The N-terminus (one end) of a polypeptide chain (i.e., a protein) contains a few amino acids that work as an address tag, which ... The first 5-30 amino acids polymerized encode a signal peptide, a molecular message that is recognized and bound by a signal ... either secreted constitutively with no tag or secreted in a regulatory manner involving clathrin and paired basic amino acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum

Bernad A, Blanco L, Salas M (September 1990). "Site-directed mutagenesis of the YCDTDS amino acid motif of the phi 29 DNA ... Involvement of two amino acid residues highly conserved in proofreading DNA polymerases". EMBO J. 15 (5): 1182-92. doi:10.1002/ ... His61 and Phe69 of the highly conserved ExoII motif are essential for interaction with the terminal protein". Nucleic Acids Res ... Truniger V, Blanco L, Salas M (1999). "Role of the "YxGG/A" motif of Phi29 DNA polymerase in protein-primed replication". J Mol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Φ29_DNA_polymerase

The putative 622-amino acid protein has a leucine-zipper motif at its N-terminus. Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive ... Blom E, van de Vrugt HJ, de Vries Y, de Winter JP, Arwert F, Joenje H (January 2004). "Multiple TPR motifs characterize the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FANCG

... whose members have certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. The IL-2 receptor belongs to this chain, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_receptor

PelB (an amino acid signal sequence that targets the protein to the periplasm where a signal peptidase then cleaves off PelB) ... "Comparison of bacterial and phage display peptide libraries in search of target-binding motif". Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 127 ... Usually peptides that can be fused to pVIII are 6-8 amino acids long. The size restriction seems to have less to do with ... Moreover, pIII allows for the insertion of larger protein sequences (>100 amino acids) and is more tolerant to it than pVIII. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

In SARS-CoV, the causative agent of SARS, the N protein is 422 amino acid residues long and in SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent ... Parts of the IDR, particularly a conserved sequence motif rich in serine and arginine residues (the SR-rich region), may also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein

... denotes any amino acid except for those in the string. For example, {ST} denotes any amino acid other than S or T. If a pattern ... signifies a single amino acid or a gap, and each * indicates one member of a closely related family of amino acids. The authors ... each denoting a specific amino acid or a set of amino acids; a string of characters drawn from the alphabet denotes a sequence ... In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_motif

2800 amino acids. Teneurins are highly conserved within and between species. The primary structure, or amino acid sequence ... two EF-hand-like motifs near the centre, and a number of conserved tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The proline-rich stretches ... There are 41 amino acids in TCAPs, except for TCAP-3 from Ten-m3, which has 40. TCAPs show structural homology to the CRF ... The linker region is made up of ~200 amino acid residues and is found immediately distal to the transmembrane domain. This is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TENM3

GFP's fluorophore is made up of three cyclized amino acids within the beta-barrel structure: Serine65-Tyrosine66-Glycine67. ... Spinach is an 84-nucleotide-long structure with two helical strands and an internal bulge with a G-quadruplex motif. It is at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinach_aptamer

... identification of a repeated basic amino acid motif within the C-terminal binding region". Journal of Virology. 66 (9): 5347-56 ... amino acid analysis and amino terminal amino acid sequence". Science. 207 (4430): 525-6. Bibcode:1980Sci...207..525K. doi: ... Bruce Merrifield, using solid phase peptide synthesis, one amino acid at a time. He later won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. ... Tan YH, Barakat F, Berthold W, Smith-Johannsen H, Tan C (August 1979). "The isolation and amino acid/sugar composition of human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Some examples also contain stretches of basic amino acids, or stretches of aromatic amino acids thought to reside in the ... Class II viroporins possess a helix-turn-helix motif with both helices crossing the membrane; in class IIA both termini are ... Viroporins are usually small - under 100 or 120 amino acid residues - and contain at least one region capable of folding into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroporin

... spans 110,720 base pairs, and contains 827 amino acids. There are two isoforms of the gene transcript that exist by ... LRSAM1 is also known as leucine rich repeat and sterile alpha motif protein 1. The value for the protein is .29 and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM178B

34 amino acids long) and TPR2 which spans from amino acids 626 to 659 (also 34 amino acids long). TTC39B contains three ... TPR motifs that are arranged one in front of another create a right-handed helical structure with an amphipathic channel which ... It is located from amino acid 142 until 568 (a length of 427 amino acids). Proteins of this family also contain a TPR_2 domain ... It is located from amino acid 600 until 658 (a length of 59 amino acids). The TPR domains are found in many proteins that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetratricopeptide_repeat_protein_39B

... motif with a conserved Histidine-Aspartic acid-XXY motif in the catalytic center. The following 28 species are assigned to the ... that have amino acid sequences that are at least 85% identical to those encoded by all other members of the species. Marmots ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocaparvovirus

On the other hand, the substitution rate of mt-proteins is very low, thus amino acid changes accumulate slowly (with ... new insights into the role of non-canonical DNA structures and sequence motifs". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e59907. Bibcode:2013PLoSO... ... Schatz G, Haslbrunner E, Tuppy H (March 1964). "Deoxyribonucleic acid associated with yeast mitochondria". Biochemical and ... Nucleic Acids Research. 47 (D1): D29-D32. doi:10.1093/nar/gky843. PMC 6324066. PMID 30247677. Gu Z, Li J, Gao S, Gong M, Wang J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

Along with Isabella Karle, a frequent collaborator, he has also pioneered the use of alpha-amino isobutyric acid to induce and ... and has investigated structural elements playing a key role in the formation of secondary structural motifs such as helices, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padmanabhan_Balaram

Other mutations observed include a nonsense mutation, an in-frame deletion of amino acids and an entire gene deletion. De novo ... SON contains various domains such as the RS-rich domain, a G-patch domain and a double-stranded RNA-binding motif. The presence ... SON is a large protein consisting of 2426 amino acids and repeat sequences. SON is located within the human chromosomal region ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTTK_syndrome

Trp is an amino acid named tryptophan. The Trp ring obtains its name from the high levels of tryptophan found in the C-terminal ... The GIN domain is a head domain named after its sequence motif GIN (Glycine-Isoleucine-Asparagine) motif. It has an all-beta ... It contains sequence motifs, of which there is a strong similarity with other TAA heads. This indicates that there is a lot of ... The YadA head domain has eight repeat motifs, each fourteen residues in length. The Trp ring is the second-most-common TAA head ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeric_autotransporter_adhesin

... is a 101-amino acid integral membrane protein likely with a topology such that both the N-terminus and the C-terminus ... Biochemical studies have shown that a conserved sequence motif D-Y-L-S-F at the C-terminus, as well as the overall length of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEN-2

SNO donors target specific amino acids motifs; post-translational modification leads to changes in protein activity, protein ... The addition of a nitroso group to a sulfur atom of an amino acid residue of a protein is known as S-nitrosylation or S- ... S-Nitrosothiols may arise from condensation from nitrous acid and a thiol: RSH + HONO ⟶ RSNO + H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {RSH ... upon treatment with acids: RSNO + H + ⟶ RSH + NO + {\displaystyle {\ce {RSNO + H+ -> RSH + NO+}}} and they can transfer nitroso ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Nitrosothiol

Uncharacterized protein C17orf78 isoform 2 (C17orf78-203) has a span of 159 amino acids, constituted from 5 exon regions, which ... "Motif Scan". myhits.sib.swiss. Retrieved 2020-05-21. "Human BLAT Search". genome.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-18. (CS1 errors: ... Uncharacterized protein C17orf78 isoform 1 (C17orf78-204) has a span of 275 amino acids, including all 7 exons. C17orf78 ... Myristolyation has been predicted to occur on C17orf78 by the ExPASy tool Motif Scan. C17orf78 orthologs have been identified ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17orf78

This approach uses protein sequence data and the chemical and physical interactions of the encoded amino acids to predict the 3 ... It has been predicted that at least 16,000 protein structures will need to be determined in order for all structural motifs to ... Highly accurate modeling is considered to require at least 50% amino acid sequence identity between the unknown protein and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_genomics

... which has 76 amino acid residues arranged into a "beta-grasp" protein fold consisting of a five-strand antiparallel beta sheet ... UBLs that are capable of conjugation (sometimes known as Type I) have a characteristic sequence motif consisting of one to two ... Nucleic Acids Research. 46 (D1): D447-D453. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx1041. PMC 5753239. PMID 29106644. Hochstrasser M (March 2009). " ... Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (8): 3204-23. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1228. PMC 3082918. PMID 21169198. Hennell James R, Caceres EF, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin-like_protein

MHC-β is a 223 kDa protein composed of 1935 amino acids. MHC-β is a hexameric, asymmetric motor forming the bulk of the thick ... that dimerize and multimerize into a coiled-coil motif to form the light meromyosin (LMM), thick filament rod. The 9 nm alpha- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYH7

Of the twenty common naturally occurring amino acids, only proline is likely to adopt the cis isomer of the peptide bond, ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Protein structural motifs, Helices). ... However, peptide bonds that replace proline with another N-substituted amino acid (such as sarcosine) are also likely to adopt ... This PPII conformation is also common in proteins and polypeptides with other amino acids apart from proline. Similarly, a more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyproline_helix

... binds to three conserved amino acids through hydrogen bonds. These amino acids include three Aspartate residues. NAD+ and NADP+ ... due to its characteristics this ncRNA resembles previous regulatory motifs called riboswitches, icd-II ncRNA motif has been ... Isocitrate binds within the active site to a conserved sequence of about eight amino acids through hydrogen bonds. These acids ... Two aspartate amino acid residues (below left) are interacting with two adjacent water molecules (w6 and w8) in the Mn2+ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase

... glycine refers to the amino acid glycine; however, the watch company is named for the Wisteria genus of plant (fleur de Glycine ... when plant-inspired motifs and floral designs were in fashion. Fleur de Glycine was chosen due to its vining growth structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_(watch)

... both are phosphorylation sites with locations at amino acid 210 and 224. A natural variant is found at amino acid 110 (Glutamic ... C3orf62 has a KKXX-like motif and is predicted to be localized in the nucleus. Expression of C3orf62 remains highest in whole ... C3orf62 human protein (Q6ZUJ4) is 267 amino acids long, and has a molecular mass of 30,194 Daltons. The isoelectric point of ... C3orf62 has a KKXX-like motif in the C-terminus meaning C3orf62 may be responsible for retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3orf62

... including many proteins of over 2500 amino acids. A number of the members of this family have been designated adhesins, ... A bacterial adhesin formed as a 50-nm monomeric rigid rod based on a 19-residue repeat motif rich in beta strands and turns". J ... Its sequence contains two regions of tandem 19-residue repeats, where the repeat motif consists of short beta-strands separated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemagglutination_activity_domain

Fourthly, a six amino acid insert in the twenty-first spectrin motif with unknown function has been reported. Alpha II-spectrin ... Thirdly, an insert of five amino acids in the fifteenth spectrin motif bears a highly antigenic epitope resembling an ankyrin- ... First, a cardiac-specific, 21 amino acid sequence insert in the 21st spectrin repeat, termed alpha II-cardi+, was identified as ... Secondly, another insert of 20 amino acids in the 10th spectrin repeat, termed SH3i+, contains protein kinase A and protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPTAN1

The DNA-Pkcs protein is a serine/threonine protein kinase comprising a single polypeptide chain of 4,128 amino acids. DNA-PKcs ... Ko L, Cardona GR, Chin WW (May 2000). "Thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein, an LXXLL motif-containing protein, functions ... Nucleic Acids Res. 27 (17): 3494-502. doi:10.1093/nar/27.17.3494. PMC 148593. PMID 10446239. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-PKcs

Szczepanek T, Lazowska J (July 1996). "Replacement of two non-adjacent amino acids in the S.cerevisiae bi2 intron-encoded RNA ... based in their shared structural motifs: H1: LAGLIDADG family - H2: GIY-YIG family - H3: H-N-H family - H4: His-Cys box family ... "Two homologous mitochondrial introns from closely related Saccharomyces species differ by only a few amino acid replacements in ... Perler FB (January 2002). "InBase: the Intein Database". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (1): 383-4. doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.383. PMC 99080 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_homing_endonuclease_cutting_sites

It is a protein with 148 amino acids and a molecular weight of 16 kDa that comprises four ankyrin repeats. The name of p16 is ... Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D (December 1993). "A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P16

The fifth ORF codes for nucleic-acid binding protein. This is the protein that helps the DNA or RNA connect with amino acids. ... The first ORF codes for a 194 kDa polypeptide with conserved motifs of replication related proteins of positive strand RNA ... Nucleic acid hybridizationis also used to detect GVA. In this method, a small sample of the infected plant is taken and then ... "Nucleic Acid Hybridization - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 16 November 2020. Wang, Qiaochun; Mawassi, Munir; Li ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapevine_virus_A

Amino Acid Motifs * Amino Acid Sequence * Animals * Cell Line * Female * Hepatocytes / parasitology* ... Two proteins with 6-cys motifs are required for malarial parasites to commit to infection of the hepatocyte Mol Microbiol. 2005 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16313615/?dopt=Abstract

Amino acid/motif. Phenotypic consequences. Hemagglutinin. Cleavage site motif: -RRKR¯G-. Polybasic cleavage motif sequence ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/12/20-1201-t2

AMINO ACID MOTIFS SECUENCIAS DE AMINOACIDOS MOTIVOS EF HAND EF HAND MOTIFS MOTIVOS EF HAND ... AMINO ACID TRANSPORT DISORDERS, INBORN TRASTORNOS INNATOS DEL TRANSPORTE DE AMINOACIDOS TRANSTORNOS CORÉICOS CHOREATIC ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2000pie.htm

... cNLSs are short linear motifs, rich in basic amino acids. Monopartite cNLSs are comprised of one basic cluster, typified by the ... Sequence motif analysis Is the Subject Area "Sequence motif analysis" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ... and X represents any amino acid) [39].Thus, all TNRC6A P3 and/ or P5 cavity mutants adhere to this general monopartite ... motifs (termed GW repeats) that are located throughout the length of the protein (Fig 1A); while the N-terminal GW motifs ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0183587

Amino Acid Motifs. 1. 2014. 980. 0.030. Why? HIV Infections. 1. 2017. 15382. 0.030. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/124855/network/researchareas/details

Betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids are the most medicinally important TAs and are mainly found in plants of the mint ... Triterpenic acids (TAs), a large group of natural compounds with diverse biological activity, are produced by several plant ... Every colored box represents a specific motif. The amino acid sequences of motifs used to design primers are shown with an ... en-28-oic acid, BA), oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, OA), and ursolic acid (3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-52090-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=6ad752eb-0ce8-4163-813e-dbb0aa665720

O-fucosylation stabilizes the TSR3 motif in thrombospondin-1 by interacting with nearby amino acids and protecting a disulfide ... Galectins compose a protein family defined by a conserved sequence motif conferring affinity for β-galactose-containing glycans ... Thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSRs) are small protein motifs containing six conserved cysteines forming three disulfide bonds ... motifs. Here we report that heparin and tetrasaccharide fragments of heparin are able to inhibit CCL5-CCR1 binding, with IC50 ...

https://www.jbc.org/Glycobiology-Extracellular-Matrices?startPage=&ContribAuthorRaw=Woods%2C%20Robert%20J

Recent results show that GPCRs are characterized with structural motifs that preferentially associate with cholesterol. An ... Putative cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) motifs in human GPCRs. (a) CRAC motifs in ... cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus) motif [89, 90], CCM (cholesterol consensus motif) [29], SSD (sterol- ... represents between one and five residues of any amino acid [90]. We recently reported the presence of CRAC motifs in ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ab/2014/143023/

HIERARCHICAL MOTIF VECTORS FOR AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT. Bilge Karaçalı Izmir. doi: 10.2316/J.2012.216.764-0055 Abstract ... AN EVALUATION OF MOTIF DETECTION TOOLS. Alin G. Voina, Petre G. Pop, Mircea F. Vaida Technical University of Cluj Napoca,. doi ...

https://www.actapress.com/Content_of_Journal.aspx?journalID=198

... along the length of the insulin receptor and at least six insulin-binding sequence motifs. The amino acid sequence motifs ... We also discuss the potential of sequence motifs, and the insulin-binding scoring matrix, to diagnose insulin binding to other ... identify putative insulin-binding sequence motifs *develop a preliminary insulin-binding scoring matrix that could be used in ... Identification of putative insulin binding motifs of the insulin receptor. Steve Bottomley1, Jessica Mitchell2, Brian Plewright ...

https://www.iscb.org/cms_addon/conferences/ismb2003/posters/S.BottomleyATcurtin.edu.au_142.html

Distinct amino acid motifs carrying multiple positive charges regulate membrane targeting of dysferlin and MG53. PLoS One 2018; ... aa, amino acid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CaV3.2, calcium channels 3.2; ICa3.1, CaV3.1 current; ICa3.2, CaV3.2 current; I ... aa, amino acid; AAV, adeno-associated virus; CaV3.2, calcium channels 3.2; DEPP, disorder-enhanced phosphorylation predictor; ... PONDR-FIT: a meta-predictor of intrinsically disordered amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010;1804:996-1010.. * Cited Here , ...

https://journals.lww.com/pain/Fulltext/2022/12000/Targeting_intrinsically_disordered_regions.23.aspx?context=FeaturedArticles&collectionId=2

Immunogenic amino acid motifs and linear epitopes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asthma+OR+%27allerg%2A%27+OR+%27immune%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=154&RecNo=154&View=b&

involved_in cellular response to amino acid starvation IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype. more info ... DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif. cl21453. Location:262 → 495. PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain. ... HIV-1 Tat, specifically amino acids 49-57, increases activation of PKR in Leishmania-infected macrophages. PubMed ... DSRM; Double-stranded RNA binding motif. cd14047. Location:260 → 536. STKc_EIF2AK2_PKR; Catalytic domain of the Serine/ ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5610

... and T-cell receptor amino acid sequences and motifs. Bioinformatics 2019, 35, 2974-2981. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green ... such as hydrophobicity of amino acids at certain positions or common motifs [26,27,28]. ... the nucleotide-to-amino acid (nt:aa) ratio found in individual mice; (b) as in (a), but for degree of sharedness and with boxes ... the nucleotide-to-amino acid (nt:aa) ratio found in individual mice; (b) as in (a), but for degree of sharedness and with boxes ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/8/650/htm

the 10-amino acid LC8 binding motif is capitalized. †non-native residues added to the N-terminus of each peptide to increase ... d-g) The I/I0 data are alternatively plotted as the average intensity ratio for each 10-amino acid motif versus the molar ratio ... Plots of the average peak intensity (I/I0) for each 10-amino acid motif in dLBD, and in each of QT2-4 and QT4-6 constructs ... "Plots of the average peak intensity (I/I0) for each 10-amino acid motif in dLBD, and in each of QT2-4 and QT4-6 constructs ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/36258v2

... amino acids Q226 and G228 by H3 numbering). Avian consensus sequences at other motifs/amino acid positions in proteins of ... multiple arginine amino acids in this motif would be predicted to result in a highly pathogenic phenotype in chickens. ... Besides the multibasic cleavage site, the virus had typical avian consensus amino acid residues in the HA protein at positions ... Although there were several amino acid differences compared with older North American H7 HA1 protein sequences (27-32 changes ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/9/13-0087_article

Each match receives a score, indicating how well it fits the motif. OPTIONS (DEFAULT SETTINGS) -h Show all options and their ... GLAM2 is a software package for finding motifs in sequences, typically amino-acid or nucleotide sequences. A motif is a re- ... glam2scan - finds a GLAM2 motif in a database SYNOPSIS. glam2scan [options] alphabet my_motif.glam2 my_seqs.fa An alphabet ... Each match receives a score, indicating how well it fits the motif. OPTIONS (DEFAULT SETTINGS) -h Show all options and their ...

https://www.unix.com/man-page/debian/1/glam2scan

Biochemical properties of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and identification of amino acid sequence motifs ...

https://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/zentrum-fuer-infektiologie/molecular-virology/about-us/research-teams/ag-lohmann/selected-articles-selected-reviews

Candidate PAs are reported in species with predicted (VXXXD) and unexpected (IXXXN) amino acid motifs in their homospermidine ... A parallel sequence proceeding via the stereoisomeric epoxide 44 led to the necic acid segment 75 of the alkaloid (+)-usaramine ... Results: Monoesters of retronecine with senecioic, hydroxysenecioic or syringic acids were identified in roots of Alafia cf. ... The first, starting from methyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, proceeded in 19 steps to integerrinecic acid lactone (5) ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317837914_Sex_drugs_and_pupusas_Disentangling_relationships_in_Echiteae_Apocynaceae

The H5N1 Inventory is an inclusive compilation of amino acid changes and/or motifs identified within each viral protein that ... H5N1 virus (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) amino acid numbering for the mature proteins has been used throughout. ... has developed an inventory of amino acid mutations in H5N1 viruses that is intended to be used by the influenza surveillance ... mutations or motifs that were introduced into HPAI H5N1 viruses by reverse genetics or arose through repeated passage in the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h5n1/inventory-preamble.htm

The amino acid motifs for binding to the erythrocyte DARC reside in region II. PkDBP is encoded by an α-gene and therefore ... These forms, known as Fya and Fyb, are the result of a single amino acid substitution [7] in the domain that binds with PkDBP ... can be explained by the fact that PkDBPαII and PvDBPII are orthologues which have similar critical domain and amino acid ...

https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-018-3118-8

Recognition of conserved amino acid motifs of common viruses and its role in autoimmunity. M Sospedra, Y Zhao, H Hausen, PA ...

https://scholar.google.ch/citations?user=SA1_3pIAAAAJ&hl=de&oi=ao

The short N-terminal domains share ,20% identical amino acids, but contain conserved motifs. A fusion protein consisting of the ... containing several essential motifs, which is followed by the kinase catalytic domain comprising the C-terminus of the protein ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/9102632.html

Aciniform (or wrapping) silk is the toughest spider silk and is devoid of the short amino acid sequence motifs characteristic ... Aciniform (or wrapping) silk is the toughest spider silk and is devoid of the short amino acid sequence motifs characteristic ... Using solution-state NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the 200 amino acid Argiope trifasciata AcSp1 repeat unit contrasts ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2mu3

For example, the helix-turn-helix motif comprises two coiled sequences of amino acids, ... with the protein sequence of amino acids to indicate how the amino acids at different points along a protein chain fold ... The researchers carried out a blind test on NMR data from a 70-amino acid protein called mth1743 from the microbe ... Wheres the motif? Although nature can create almost unlimited variations on protein sequences, a limited number of motifs ...

https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/nmr-and-the-3d-world-of-proteins/3004708.article

The MADS domain and core motifs of the sweet potato MADS-box genes were identified by motif analysis. We identified 19 MADS-box ... The MADS domain and K domain of the sweet potato MADS-box genes were identified by motif analysis. We identified 19 MADS-box ... conjugated phenolic acids and minerals, which has high edible, forage and medicinal value, and is also an important energy crop ... conjugated phenolic acids, and minerals, which have high edible, forage, and medicinal value, and is also an important energy ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.750137/full

Although this simple amino acid motif is commonly found throughout nature, it does not generally result in fluorescence. What ... The packing of amino acid residues inside the beta barrel is extremely stable, which results in a very high fluorescence ... More than 30 amino acid alterations to the structure were required for the creation of the first-generation monomeric DsRed ... It is remarkable that the principle fluorophore is derived from a triplet of adjacent amino acids: the serine, tyrosine, and ...

https://www.microscopyu.com/techniques/fluorescence/introduction-to-fluorescent-proteins

... and numerous genes involved in amino acid metabolism were down-regulated. Further, the observed repression of ftsL and murF, ... Moreover, their annotation is based on the presence of conserved amino acid motifs and structural features or limited homology. ... and is decreased in glucose minimal media enriched with amino acids [44]. The repression of genes involved in amino acid ... based on the presence of conserved amino acid motifs, structural features or limited identity, have not yet been fully ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-017-3957-2

Lauberth SM, Rauchman M. A conserved 12-amino acid motif in Sall1 recruits the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase ... Our studies have demonstrated that TTP regulates glucose, fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the liver and ... mechanism of TTP regulation of branched-chain amino acid levels and 4) role of TTP in cardiac metabolism. ... Future goals are to refine the use of ALDH and fatty acid desaturases inhibitors to target cancer stem cells residual after ...

https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/sites/dgp/research-interests/cancer-biology/signal-transduction.html

Analysis of repetitive amino acid motifs reveals the essential features of spider dragline silk proteins. AD Malay, K Arakawa, ...

https://scholar.google.com.co/citations?user=sjwP0HkAAAAJ&hl=en&oe=ASCII

The results indicate at least seven putative insulin-binding regions (R1 to R7) along the length of the insulin receptor and at least six insulin-binding sequence motifs. (iscb.org)
We also discuss the potential of sequence motifs, and the insulin-binding scoring matrix, to diagnose insulin binding to other peptides or proteins. (iscb.org)
If you use GLAM2, please cite: MC Frith, NFW Saunders, B Kobe, TL Bailey (2008) Discovering sequence motifs with arbitrary insertions and deletions, PLoS Computational Biology (in press). (unix.com)
Biochemical properties of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and identification of amino acid sequence motifs essential for enzymatic activity. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Motif e-value is an indicative of the motif co-occurences between the members of the module.Smaller e-values are indicative of significant sequence motifs. (systemsbiology.net)

The chart shows the underlying distribution of phospho-peptide motifs in a PhosphoScan ® LC-MS/MS experiment using 581 nonredundant Lys-C/tryptic peptides generated from 293T cells treated with Calyculin A #9902 (10 nM, 30 min) and immunoprecipitated with PTMScan ® Phospho-Ser/Thr Motif [pS/T] Immunoaffinity Beads. (cellsignal.com)
Peptides are then subjected to immunoaffinity purification using a PTMScan ® Motif Antibody conjugated to protein A agarose beads. (cellsignal.com)
Unbound peptides are removed through washing, and the captured PTM-containing peptides are eluted with dilute acid. (cellsignal.com)
GYISTRVGM) of NS3 of dengue virus types 1 and 3 (named DENV-1/3), and their respective modified epitope peptides, DENV-2/4-9L (GYISTRVE L ) and DENV-1/3-9L (GYISTRVG L ), in which the C-terminal residue M of the original epitope peptide was replaced by L, in order to provide the complete H-2Kd- binding motif. (who.int)
[ 52 ] Based on these findings, short (28-33 amino acids) synthetic peptides were designed, which represent portions of these longer B-cell epitopes. (medscape.com)

while the N-terminal GW motifs confer binding to Ago proteins [ 5 , 8 , 9 ], the C-terminal GW repeats are important for the recruitment of the PAN2-PAN3 and CCR4-NOT deadenylase complexes [ 10 - 15 ] for poly(A) tail removal, a process termed deadenylation. (plos.org)
Like most proteins, transcription factors are made up of chains of amino acids that fold into a specific three-dimensional (3D) structurewith a region that recognizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence. (elifesciences.org)
A few prominent kinases targeting a handful of substrate consensus motifs account for a majority of the tens of thousands of known and predicted sites on more than 13,000 human proteins (1-3). (cellsignal.com)
These motifs allow molecules of melanocyte inducing transcription factor to interact with each other or with other proteins that have a similar structure, creating a two-protein unit (dimer) that functions as a transcription factor. (medlineplus.gov)
Proteins arising from the Avh superfamily have very different amino acid sequences but share two common motifs at one end of the protein (N-terminus). (phys.org)
The readily identified RXLR and dEER motifs (single letter code for amino acids) are required for entry of the proteins into plant host cells. (phys.org)
Similar motifs are also found in the effector proteins produced by the malarial parasite Plasmodium as it invades red blood cells. (phys.org)
The team also detected some conserved amino acid motifs (W, Y and L) at the other end (C terminus) of some of the proteins that have been selected over years of evolution. (phys.org)
Furthermore, while the first motif occurs in almost all EnvZ homologues, the second motif is only found in species that have MzrA, indicating co-evolution of the two proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)
Proteins of the TFF family are characterized by obtaining a minimum of 1 copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains 3 conserved disulfides. (prospecbio.com)
Trefoil Factors are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa which protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium.TFF2 inhibits gastric acid motility & secretion. (prospecbio.com)
Viral proteins evade host immune function by molecular mimicry, often achieved by short linear motifs (SLiMs) of three to ten consecutive amino acids (AAs). (sri.com)
We survey viral uses of SLiMs to mimic host proteins, and information resources available for motif discovery. (sri.com)
However, the same motif may occur in proteins or enzymes with different functions. (bvsalud.org)
MYMV was found to be closely related to KA27 DNA B in amino acid sequence identity of BV1 (94.1%) and BC1 (97.6%) proteins and in the organization of nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear export signal (NES) and phosphorylation sites. (who.int)
2013}. However, the proteins in our Serpentinomonas strains lack the specific motif in the c-rings that is proposed to be critica! (tudelft.nl)
Proteins are large biomolecules consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. (iisc.ac.in)
The binding of intrinsically disordered proteins to globular ones can require the folding of motifs into α-helices. (upf.edu)

Nucleic Acids Res. (pseudomonas.com)

There are three GW182 paralogs in vertebrates, namely, TNRC6A (also known as GW182), TNRC6B and TNRC6C, which share a characteristic architecture of a central ubiquitin associated domain (UBA) domain and a C-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) that are flanked by long stretches of sequences of intrinsic disorder ( Fig 1A ) [ 16 ]. (plos.org)
GLAM2 is a software package for finding motifs in sequences, typically amino-acid or nucleotide sequences. (unix.com)
The scientists probed the recently published genome sequences of both organisms using bioinformatic tools that can look for specific amino acid sequences or motifs. (phys.org)
Based on their partial amino acid sequences, full-length cDNAs were cloned. (biologists.com)
Sequences of ARF-GAP domains show no recognizable similarity to those of other GAPs, and contain a characteristic Cys-X(2)-Cys-X(16-17)-Cys-X(2)-Cys motif. (embl.de)
We characterize variant diversity, amino acid mutation frequency, functionality and associations with COVID-19 infections in one of the largest datasets of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences collected from wastewater in the New York metropolitan area. (bvsalud.org)
The peptide sequences were used to isolate BnSCE3 cDNA, which was shown to contain an open reading frame of 1170 bp encoding a protein of 389 amino acids, including a leader peptide of 25 amino acids. (rhea-db.org)
The main module page also shows the location of these motifs within the upstream sequences of the module member genes. (systemsbiology.net)
cMonkey tries to identify two motifs per modules in the upstream sequences of the module member genes. (systemsbiology.net)

PKR activity modulation by phosphomimetic mutations of serine residues located three aminoacids upstream of double-stranded RNA binding motifs. (nih.gov)
T, changing serine to cysteine at amino acid position 1218. (bl.uk)
The enzymes belong to the SGNH protein family, which use a catalytic triad of Ser-Asp-His, with serine as the nucleophile of the GDSL motif. (rhea-db.org)

The transcription factor ASCIZ (ATMIN, ZNF822) has an unusually high number of recognition motifs for the product of its main target gene, the hub protein LC8 (DYNLL1). (elifesciences.org)

GYISTRVEM) spinning the amino acid residues 298-306 of NS3 of dengue virus types 2 and 4 was substituted for L to prepare the peptide Den2.4-9L with a complete H-2Kd-binding motif. (who.int)

Immunogenic amino acid motifs and linear epitopes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Detailed knowledge of the Mamu-B*08 peptide-binding motif enabled us to identify six additional novel Mamu-B*08-restricted SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell immune responses directed against epitopes in Gag, Vpr, and Env. (omicsdi.org)
All seven regions encoding Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes also exhibit amino acid replacements typically seen only in the presence of Mamu-B*08, suggesting that the variation we observe is indeed selected by CD8+ T cell responses. (omicsdi.org)

The deleted genes include amino acids and sugar transporters, RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor, and fatty acids metabolisms. (tudelft.nl)
Improvement of phi29 DNA polymerase amplification performance by fusion of DNA binding motifs. (neb.com)

Peptide (C)DSRPGPEDGENTAQWR, corresponding to amino acid residues 33-48 of rat Presenilin-2 (Accession O88777 ). (alomone.com)

XV" YOL105C 1 15 18 YOL105C "Putative integral membrane protein containing novel cysteine motif. (davidson.edu)

The libraries are comprised of stabilized, alpha-helical polypeptides having a similar tertiary structure but different amino acid residues at specific, "variable" positions in the sequence. (justia.com)

Two of the regions, called the helix-loop-helix motif and the leucine-zipper motif, are critical for protein interactions. (medlineplus.gov)
Some MITF gene variants change the amino acids used to make melanocyte inducing transcription factor, which alters the helix-loop-helix or leucine-zipper motif. (medlineplus.gov)
This mutation is in the granin site at the amino acid positions 1214-1223 and the leucine zipper at amino acid positions 1209-1230. (bl.uk)

The structure of BRCA1 is not strikingly homologous to other known molecules apart from the presence of a ring zinc finger domain and a 10 amino acid granin motif which are thought to be significant due to fact that they both are conserved in humans and other species studied. (bl.uk)

Thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSRs) are small protein motifs containing six conserved cysteines forming three disulfide bonds that can be modified with an O -linked fucose. (jbc.org)
Confirmation that HUS and TTP are clearly different diseases, despite their clinical similarities, followed the discovery of the von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving metalloprotease ADAMTS13 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). (medscape.com)

The second novel missense mutation was g.1380 G>A, changing glutamic acid to lysine at the amino acid position 421. (bl.uk)
The candidate cysteines are part of a motif that is conserved in the RNase E protein family, and mutation of these residues causes the partial loss of zinc, the complete disruption of the tetramer into dimers, and effective catalytic inactivation. (ox.ac.uk)

The WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza Reference and Research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, with input from many influenza subject matter experts from around the world, has developed an inventory of amino acid mutations in H5N1 viruses that is intended to be used by the influenza surveillance and research community as a tool to inform the influenza knowledge base for surveillance and public health preparedness. (cdc.gov)
Motif mimicry tolerates mutations, evolves quickly to modify interactions with the host, and enables modular interactions with protein complexes. (sri.com)

Similarly, the peptide Den1.3-9L with the binding motif was prepared from dengue virus types 1 and 3. (who.int)
Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice with Den1.3-9L emulsified with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) induced the CTLs which lysed the target cells (P815) pulsed with peptide Den1.3-9L as well as those pulsed with peptide Den1.3 corresponding to the amino acid residues 299-307 (GYISTRVGM) of NS3 of dengue virus serotypes 1 and 3. (who.int)
CTL epitope peptide for providing the complete MHC class I binding motif augments the immunogenicity to induce specific CTLs. (who.int)
1] They with a binding motif, which is determined by recognize specific structures on the surface of peptide length, and a.a. residues called anchor target cells as their antigens, which are composed residues. (who.int)
Mice were immunized by subcutaneous motif induced CTLs more efficiently than the injection with 1 n mole of the peptide original ones of dengue viruses, which did not emulsified with complete Freund adjuvant possess complete binding motif. (who.int)
We therefore defined a detailed peptide-binding motif for Mamu-B*08 and investigated binding similarities between the macaque and human MHC class I molecules. (omicsdi.org)
The remarkable similarity of the peptide-binding motifs and repertoires for Mamu-B*08 and HLA-B*2705 suggests that the nature of the peptide bound by the MHC class I molecule may play an important role in control of immunodeficiency virus replication. (omicsdi.org)
Peptide confirmation Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry. (alomone.com)

The gene from Y. pestis KIM possesses a unique second transversion (G·C→T·A) at amino acid 146 causing substitution of aspartic acid (encoded by GAU) with tyrosine (encoded by UAU). (microbiologyresearch.org)

The ARF-GAP domain comprises a central three-stranded beta-sheet flanked by five alpha-helices, with a Zn(2+) ion coordinated by the four cysteines of the cysteine-rich motif. (embl.de)

The other region, known as the basic motif, binds to specific areas of DNA, allowing the dimer to control gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
The MITF gene variants that cause Tietz syndrome either delete or change a single protein building block (amino acid) in the basic motif region of the melanocyte inducing transcription factor structure. (medlineplus.gov)
Sequence homology analysis of these genes with other species threonyl-tRNA synthetase showed that the shorter gene did not possess motif-2 and motif-3 of catalytic core that were conserved in class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (archive.org)
On the other hand, the longer gene had almost all amino acids that were expected to be involved in substrate binding and catalytic activity. (archive.org)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
SLC10A7, encoded by the so-called SLC10A7 gene, is the seventh member of a human sodium/bile acid cotransporter family, known as the SLC10 family. (bvsalud.org)
The only known distinction between most sequenced isolates of aspA from Y. pestis and the active gene in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (the immediate progenitor of Y. pestis ) is a single base transversion (G·C→T·A) causing replacement of leucine (encoded by UUG) for valine (encoded by GUG) at amino acid position 363. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Dengue viruses, of which there are four acids. (who.int)

TFF2 Human Recombinant includes a 40-amino acid trefoil motif containing three conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds and was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. (prospecbio.com)

Dr. Duckett earned his PhD degree in Biochemistry from the University of Dundee under the mentorship of Professor David M. J. Lilley, a Member of Royal Society and the Director of the Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, where Derek had a remarkable string of studies that defined the structures for DNA and RNA four-way helical junctions, and how these interact with resolving enzymes (Duckett, et al. (moffitt.org)

In strain O26 21765 , the expression of genes connected with nitrate metabolism and nitrite detoxification, DNA repair , iron and nickel acquisition and carbohydrate metabolism, and numerous genes involved in amino acid metabolism were down-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)

2. The library of claim 1, which contains at least 10.sup.3 members, and amino acid variations occur in at least three different residue positions in the exposed region of the at least one polypeptide. (justia.com)
3. The library of claim 1, wherein amino acid variations occur at contiguous residue positions in the exposed region of the at least one polypeptide. (justia.com)
4. The library of claim 1, wherein amino acid variations occur at residue positions in the exposed regions of two adjacent.alpha. (justia.com)
5. The library of claim 1, wherein amino acid variations occur in a total of at least two different residue positions in the exposed regions of each polypeptide. (justia.com)
6. The library of claim 1, wherein the first polypeptide contains a terminal bridge segment linking an end of the first polypeptide to an adjacent end of the second polypeptide, the first exposed region further includes this bridge segment and amino acid variations occur in this bridge segment. (justia.com)
Ankyrin repeats are about 33 amino acids long and occur in at least four consecutive copies. (embl.de)
Although distinct amino acid motifs containing consecutive prolines (polyP) cause ribosome stalling, which necessitates recruitment of the translation elongation factor P (EF-P), they occur strikingly often in bacterial proteomes. (uni-muenchen.de)

Opacity-associated protein A LysM-like domain, Opacity-associated protein A N-terminal motif [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

Motifs are typically the most conserved regions of PROTEIN DOMAINS and are critical for domain function. (bvsalud.org)

Crafting these residues, which are located in loop regions between TPR motifs, onto the monomeric consensus TPR protein CTPR3 induced the formation of oligomers. (ox.ac.uk)

These forms, known as Fy a and Fy b , are the result of a single amino acid substitution [ 7 ] in the domain that binds with PkDBPαII. (biomedcentral.com)
The MADS domain and core motifs of the sweet potato MADS-box genes were identified by motif analysis. (frontiersin.org)
30 amino acid motif that precedes the kinase domain in types I and II TGF beta receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Moreover, the prediction of GluP structure revealed interesting signatures: a rhomboid domain and two tetracopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that the I PPPL motif in the HAMP domain is required for dimerization of EnvZ. (uni-muenchen.de)
The second motif, VVPPA, which is located in the periplasmic domain, was found to be required for interaction with the modulator protein MzrA. (uni-muenchen.de)

The main innovation of GLAM2 is that it allows insertions and deletions in motifs. (unix.com)
In previous A(H5N1) outbreaks and zoonosis the NA stalk region often had deletions (e.g., a 20 amino acid deletion at positions 49-68 relative to A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) that enhances replication and/or pathogenesis in terrestrial poultry and mice ( 4-6 ). (cdc.gov)

Homology Mouse, human - 13/14 amino acid residues identical. (alomone.com)

Computational modelling of diatom silicic acid transporters predicts a conserved fold with implications for their function and evolution. (semanticscholar.org)

Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids. (embl.de)

11. The library of claim 1, wherein each polypeptide contains a heptad of amino acid residues with positions denoted abcdefg, where a and d are said hydrophobic residues. (justia.com)
TFF-2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 106 amino acids (24-129) and having a total molecular mass of 12 kDa. (prospecbio.com)

Here we have investigated the roles of two polyP motifs in the osmosensor and histidine kinase EnvZ. (uni-muenchen.de)

Return of valine for leucine at position 363 of the Y. pestis enzyme restored normal turnover ( k cat 86±2 s −1 ) provided that the amino acid substitution at position 146 was also reversed. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Galectins compose a protein family defined by a conserved sequence motif conferring affinity for β-galactose-containing glycans. (jbc.org)

CXCL12/SDF-1 alpha is 89 amino acids (aa) in length with a predicted molecular weight of 10 kDa, CXCL12/SDF-1 beta is 93 aa in length with a predicted molecular weight of 10.6 kDa, and CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma is 119 aa in length with a predicted molecular weight of 13.7 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
Eight StCRK members were identified, with amino acid size from 459 to 686 aa, molecular weight of 50.75-77.50 kD, and isoelectric point of 5.84-8.75. (chinacrops.org)

The H5N1 Inventory is an inclusive compilation of amino acid changes and/or motifs identified within each viral protein that affect one or more biological properties, provided in broad categories. (cdc.gov)

The 7.8 kb mRNA encodes a protein of 1863 amino acids. (bl.uk)

As a food source, casein supplies essential amino acids as well as some carbohydrates and the inorganic elements calcium and phosphorus. (wordpress.com)

Recent results show that GPCRs are characterized with structural motifs that preferentially associate with cholesterol. (hindawi.com)

Differences in the predicted protein functional domains encoded among SIT clades suggest that the divergence of clades resulted in functional diversification among S ITs, and suggests that diatoms' dominant ability to take up silicic acid from seawater in diverse environmental conditions may have been affected. (semanticscholar.org)

9. The library of claim 1, wherein the unique variation of amino acid residues in the exposed region is accomplished using representative amino acids that display the basic physico-chemical properties associated with naturally occurring amino acids, but exclude many of these naturally occurring amino acids. (justia.com)
Twenty-two amino acids are naturally incorporated into polypeptides and are called proteinogenic or natural amino acids. (homologacion-itv.com)

20% identical amino acids, but contain conserved motifs. (wikigenes.org)
Shiga toxin type 1 (Stx1) is identical to the toxin produced by Shigella spp or differs by only one amino acid. (medscape.com)

After purification to near homogeneity, the products were subjected to biochemical analysis and found to exhibit similar secondary, tertiary and quaternary (tetrameric) structures as well as comparable Michaelis constants for l -aspartic acid. (microbiologyresearch.org)

High resolution HLA analysis reveals independent class I haplotypes and amino-acid motifs protective for multiple sclerosis. (cdc.gov)

Transcription factor binding motifs help to elucidate regulatory mechanism. (systemsbiology.net)
MethMotif: an integrative cell specific database of transcription factor binding motifs coupled with DNA methylation profiles. (bioinfogenome.net)

A consequence of having odd number of transmembrane passes is that the amino and carboxy terminals are localized on opposite sides of the cellular membrane. (hindawi.com)

It is established that cells of Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of bubonic plague, excrete l -aspartic acid at the expense of exogenous l -glutamic acid during expression of the low-calcium response. (microbiologyresearch.org)

This integrated motif prediction and comparative analysis provides an additional checkpoint for regulatory motif prediction confidence. (systemsbiology.net)

Variable Consequences of Membrane Targeting Motifs for Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators Biophysical Journal . (neurotree.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment41

Phenomena and Processes87

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science6

Health Care1

Huckebein repressor activity in Drosophila terminal patterning is mediated by Groucho. (1/11917)

Two di-leucine-based motifs account for the different subcellular localizations of the human endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1) isoforms. (2/11917)

An Arabidopsis cDNA encoding a DNA-binding protein that is highly similar to the DEAH family of RNA/DNA helicase genes. (3/11917)

A conserved motif N-terminal to the DNA-binding domains of myogenic bHLH transcription factors mediates cooperative DNA binding with pbx-Meis1/Prep1. (4/11917)

Drosophila and human RecQ5 exist in different isoforms generated by alternative splicing. (5/11917)

The acidic domain and first immunoglobulin-like loop of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 modulate downstream signaling through glycosaminoglycan modification. (6/11917)

The net repressor is regulated by nuclear export in response to anisomycin, UV, and heat shock. (7/11917)

Regulation of RelA subcellular localization by a putative nuclear export signal and p50. (8/11917)

Amino Acid Motifs

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Amino Acids

Base Sequence

Conserved Sequence

Cloning, Molecular

Sequence Alignment

Binding Sites

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Amino Acid Substitution

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Protein Binding

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

DNA, Complementary

Mutation

Recombinant Proteins

Phylogeny

Structure-Activity Relationship

Escherichia coli

Models, Molecular

Protein Conformation

DNA Primers

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Peptide Fragments

Cell Line

Bacterial Proteins

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Consensus Sequence

Peptides

DNA

Multigene Family

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Plasmids

Transfection

Amino Acids, Essential

Protein Structure, Secondary

Plant Proteins

Mutagenesis

Carrier Proteins

Substrate Specificity

Sequence Deletion

Membrane Proteins

Amino Acid Transport Systems

DNA-Binding Proteins

Open Reading Frames

Sequence Analysis, Protein

RNA, Messenger

Complementarity Determining Regions

COS Cells

Transcription Factors

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Species Specificity

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Transcription, Genetic

Cercopithecus aethiops

Evolution, Molecular

Viral Proteins

Cell Membrane

Protein Processing, Post-Translational

Restriction Mapping

Nucleotide Motifs

Epitopes

HeLa Cells

Kinetics

Leucine

Amino Acids, Aromatic

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain

Nuclear Proteins

Cells, Cultured

Amino Acids, Sulfur

Aspartic Acid

Arabidopsis

Proteins

Signal Transduction

Phosphoproteins

Molecular Weight