Amino acid metabolism inborn errors. Medical search

Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.

Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present in the neonatal period with metabolic disturbances (e.g., ACIDOSIS) and neurologic manifestations. They are present at birth, although they may not become symptomatic until later in life.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Errors in the metabolism of LIPIDS resulting from inborn genetic MUTATIONS that are heritable.

Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The dynamic collection of metabolites which represent a cell's or organism's net metabolic response to current conditions.

Errors in metabolic processing of STEROIDS resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Rare congenital metabolism disorders of the urea cycle. The disorders are due to mutations that result in complete (neonatal onset) or partial (childhood or adult onset) inactivity of an enzyme, involved in the urea cycle. Neonatal onset results in clinical features that include irritability, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, NEONATAL HYPOTONIA; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; coma, and death. Survivors of the neonatal onset and childhood/adult onset disorders share common risks for ENCEPHALOPATHIES, METABOLIC, INBORN; and RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS due to HYPERAMMONEMIA.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Brain disorders resulting from inborn metabolic errors, primarily from enzymatic defects which lead to substrate accumulation, product reduction, or increase in toxic metabolites through alternate pathways. The majority of these conditions are familial, however spontaneous mutation may also occur in utero.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid in body fluids and severe HYPERAMMONEMIA. Clinical features of the neonatal onset of the disorder include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, tachypnea, coma, and death. Later onset results in milder set of clinical features including vomiting, failure to thrive, irritability, behavioral problems, or psychomotor retardation. Mutations in the ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE gene cause the disorder.

Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a "maple syrup" odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.

A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.

An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A mononuclear Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate, the third step in the pathway for the catabolism of TYROSINE. Deficiency in the enzyme causes ALKAPTONURIA, an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by homogentisic aciduria, OCHRONOSIS and ARTHRITIS. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.5 and EC 1.99.2.5.

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.

Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-galactosides including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans, and galactolipids.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA by transfer of the carbonyl group. It requires a cobamide coenzyme. A block in this enzymatic conversion leads to the metabolic disease, methylmalonic aciduria. EC 5.4.99.2.

Hereditary disorders of pyruvate metabolism. They are difficult to diagnose and describe because pyruvate is a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Some inherited metabolic disorders may alter pyruvate metabolism indirectly. Disorders in pyruvate metabolism appear to lead to deficiencies in neurotransmitter synthesis and, consequently, to nervous system disorders.

The chemical reactions that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism. These processes include both the biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) and the breakdown (CATABOLISM) of organic materials utilized by the living organism.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The stonecrop plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida that grow in warm, dry regions. The leaves are thick. The flower clusters are red, yellow, or white.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinic acid synthetase.

A ketone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to ACYL-CoA and CO2. The enzyme requires THIAMINE DIPHOSPHATE as a cofactor. Defects in genes that code for subunits of the enzyme are a cause of MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE. The enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.2.4.3.

A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A territory of Australia consisting of Canberra, the national capital and surrounding land. It lies geographically within NEW SOUTH WALES and was established by law in 1988.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A mitochondrial flavoprotein, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA using FAD as a cofactor. Defects in the enzyme, is associated with isovaleric acidemia (IVA).

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.

An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Acquired or inborn metabolic diseases that produce brain dysfunction or damage. These include primary (i.e., disorders intrinsic to the brain) and secondary (i.e., extracranial) metabolic conditions that adversely affect cerebral function.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A multifunctional pyridoxal phosphate enzyme. In the final step in the biosynthesis of cysteine it catalyzes the cleavage of cystathionine to yield cysteine, ammonia, and 2-ketobutyrate. EC 4.4.1.1.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Abstaining from all food.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.

Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

Glucose in blood.

A ZINC metalloenzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from BETAINE to HOMOCYSTEINE to produce dimethylglycine and METHIONINE, respectively. This enzyme is a member of a family of ZINC-dependent METHYLTRANSFERASES that use THIOLS or selenols as methyl acceptors.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

Enzymes of a subclass of TRANSFERASES that catalyze the transfer of an amidino group from donor to acceptor. EC 2.1.4.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for medium-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A flavoprotein enzyme that is responsible for the catabolism of LYSINE; HYDROXYLYSINE; and TRYPTOPHAN. It catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTARYL-CoA to crotonoyl-CoA using FAD as a cofactor. Glutaric aciduria type I is an inborn error of metabolism due to the deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

An autosomal recessive porphyria that is due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN III SYNTHASE in the BONE MARROW; also known as congenital erythropoietic porphyria. This disease is characterized by SPLENOMEGALY; ANEMIA; photosensitivity; cutaneous lesions; accumulation of hydroxymethylbilane; and increased excretion of UROPORPHYRINS and COPROPORPHYRINS.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

Hepatocyte gene therapy in a large animal: a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia. (1/411)

The development of gene-replacement therapy for inborn errors of metabolism has been hindered by the limited number of suitable large-animal models of these diseases and by inadequate methods of assessing the efficacy of treatment. Such methods should provide sensitive detection of expression in vivo and should be unaffected by concurrent pharmacologic and dietary regimens. We present the results of studies in a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia, an inborn error of urea-cycle metabolism characterized by deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase and consequent life-threatening hyperammonemia. Measurements of the flux of nitrogen from orally administered 15NH4 to [15N]urea were used to determine urea-cycle activity in vivo. In control animals, these isotopic measurements proved to be unaffected by pharmacologic treatments. Systemic administration of a first-generation E1-deleted adenoviral vector expressing human argininosuccinate synthetase resulted in transduction of hepatocytes and partial correction of the enzyme defect. The isotopic method showed significant restoration of urea synthesis. Moreover, the calves showed clinical improvement and normalization of plasma glutamine levels after treatment. The results show the clinical efficacy of treating a large-animal model of an inborn error of hepatocyte metabolism in conjunction with a method for sensitively measuring correction in vivo. These studies will be applicable to human trials of the treatment of this disorder and other related urea-cycle disorders. (+info)

Feasibility of DNA based methods for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection of propionic acidaemia. (2/411)

Propionic acidaemia (PA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a genetic deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). Defects in the PCCA and PCCB genes that code for the alpha and beta subunits of PCC, respectively, are responsible for PA. A proband with PA was previously shown to carry the c1170insT mutation and the private L519P mutation in the PCCB gene. Here we report the prenatal diagnosis of an affected fetus based on DNA analysis in chorionic villus tissue. We have also assessed the carrier status in this PCCB deficient family, which was not possible with biochemical analysis. (+info)

B and T cell immunity in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance. (3/411)

Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is characterized by defective cellular transport of the dibasic amino acids, secondary dysfunction of the urea cycle, aversion to dietary protein, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly and osteoporosis. Because several patients have suffered from recurrent respiratory infections and/or severe generalized varicella, and a few have developed systemic lupus, vasculitis or other autoimmune diseases, we have now evaluated the function of patients' immune systems. Serum concentrations of one to three IgG subclasses were decreased in 10 of the 12 patients studied. Antibody titres against diphtheria, tetanus and Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) were below the detection limit of the assay in four, three and eight of the 11 patients examined, respectively. (Re)vaccination of these 11 patients led to satisfactory responses against tetanus, but two patients still failed to develop measurable antibodies against diphtheria, two against Hib and six against one or more of the three serotypes of 23-valent pneumococcus vaccine. The proportions of T cells of all lymphocytes and the proliferative responses of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were normal. In conclusion, humoral immune responses in some patients with LPI are defective and these patients may benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. (+info)

An adult-onset case of argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency presenting with atypical citrullinemia. (4/411)

A 52-year-old heavy drinker presented with repeated episodes of disturbance of consciousness and an increase in serum ammonia level, triggered by excessive alcohol intake. He was diagnosed as having adult-onset citrullinemia with deficiency of hepatic argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) activity. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high-intensity lesions in the central pons and the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles on T2-weighted images. Although almost all cases of adult-onset citrullinemia have been reported to be enzymologically classified as type II, the serum amino acid pattern and serum level of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (hPSTI) were atypical for type II in the present case. (+info)

Efficient mitochondrial import of newly synthesized ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) and correction of secondary metabolic alterations in spf(ash) mice following gene therapy of OTC deficiency. (5/411)

BACKGROUND: The mouse strain sparse fur with abnormal skin and hair (spf(ash)) is a model for the human ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, an X-linked inherited urea cycle disorder. The spf(ash) mouse carries a single base-pair mutation in the OTC gene that leads to the production of OTC enzyme at 10% of the normal level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recombinant adenoviruses carrying either mouse (Ad.mOTC) or human (Ad.hOTC) OTC cDNA were injected intravenously into the spf(ash) mice. Expression of OTC enzyme precursor and its translocation to mitochondria in the vector-transduced hepatocytes were analyzed on an ultrastructural level. Liver OTC activity and mitochondrial OTC concentration were significantly increased (300% of normal) in mice treated with Ad.mOTC and were moderately increased in mice receiving Ad.hOTC (34% of normal). The concentration and subcellular location of OTC and associated enzymes were studied by electron microscope immunolocalization and quantitative morphometry. RESULTS: Cytosolic OTC concentration remained unchanged in Ad.mOTC-injected mice but was significantly increased in mice receiving Ad.hOTC, suggesting a block of mitochondria translocation for the human OTC precursor. Mitochondrial ATPase subunit c [ATPase(c)] was significantly reduced and mitochondrial carbamy delta phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) was significantly elevated in spf(ash) mice relative to C3H. In Ad.mOTC-treated mice, the hepatic mitochondrial concentration of ATPase(c) was completely normalized and the CPSI concentration was partially corrected. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we conclude that newly synthesized mouse OTC enzyme was efficiently imported into mitochondria following vector-mediated gene delivery in spf(ash) mice, correcting secondary metabolic alterations. (+info)

The molecular basis of a case of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency. (6/411)

Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalyzes the first step in glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of 2 subunits, heavy and light, with the heavy subunit serving as the catalytic subunit. A patient with hemolytic anemia and low red blood cell glutathione levels was found to have a deficiency of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity. Examination of cDNA from the patient and her mother showed that she was homozygous and that her mother was heterozygous for a A-->T transversion at nt1109 producing a deduced amino acid change of His370Leu. The partial genomic structure of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GLCLC) was determined, providing some intron/exon boundaries to make it possible to sequence an affected part of the coding region from genomic DNA. The 1109A-->T mutation was not present in the DNA of 38 normal subjects. In the course of these studies we found a diallelic polymorphism in nt +206 of an intron and another polymorphism that consisted of a duplication of a CAGC at cDNA nt1972-1975 in the 3' untranslated region. The 2 polymorphisms were found to be only in partial linkage disequilibrium. (+info)

Aberrations of ammonia metabolism in ornithine carbamoyltransferase-deficient spf-ash mice and their prevention by treatment with urea cycle intermediate amino acids and an ornithine aminotransferase inactivator. (7/411)

Sparse fur with abnormal skin and hair (spf-ash) mice are deficient in ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) activity, but their OCT protein is kinetically normal. We administered ammonium chloride to spf-ash mice, in order to analyze ammonia metabolism and to find a rationale for the therapy of OCT deficiency. Ammonia concentration in the liver of spf-ash mice increased to a level much higher than in the control. Ammonium chloride injection caused an increase in ornithine (Orn) 5 min after injection and an increase in the sum of Orn, citrulline (Cit) and arginine (Arg) for at least 15 min in the liver of control mice, but no increase in Orn, Cit and Arg in the liver of spf-ash mice. Treatment of spf-ash mice with Arg 5-20 min prior to the injection of ammonium chloride kept the hepatic ammonia concentration at a level comparable to that without the load. A significant reciprocal relationship between ammonia and Orn concentrations in the liver of spf-ash mice 5 min after an ammonium chloride load with or without Arg strongly suggests that ammonia disposal is dependent on the supply of Orn. In spf-ash mice loaded with tryptone as a nitrogen source, Arg supplementation showed a dramatic decrease in urinary orotic acid excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Similar effects were observed with Cit and Orn at the same dose, and a long-lasting effect with an ornithine aminotransferase inactivator, 5-(fluoromethyl)ornithine, at a much lower dose. The rate of urea formation in liver perfused with ammonium chloride was lower in spf-ash mice than in controls, but with the addition of Orn to the medium it increased to a similar level in control and spf-ash mice. These results indicate that OCT is not saturated with Orn in vivo under physiological conditions and that the administration or enrichment of the urea cycle intermediate amino acids enhances the OCT reaction so that the ammonia metabolism of OCT-deficient spf-ash mice is at least partially normalized. (+info)

Serine 19 of human 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase is phosphorylated by cGMP protein kinase II. (8/411)

6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) participates in tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis. We previously identified in a PTPS-deficient patient an inactive PTPS allele with an Arg(16) to Cys codon mutation. Arg(16) is located in the protein surface exposed phosphorylation motif Arg(16)-Arg-Ile-Ser, with Ser(19) as the putative phosphorylation site for serine-threonine protein kinases. Purification of recombinant PTPS-S19A from bacterial cells resulted in an active enzyme (k(cat)/K(m) = 6.4 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)), which was similar to wild-type PTPS (k(cat)/K(m) = 4.1 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)). In assays with purified enzymes, wild-type but not PTPS-S19A was a specific substrate for the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) type I and II. Upon expression in COS-1 cells, PTPS-S19A was stable but not phosphorylated and had a reduced activity of approximately 33% in comparison to wild-type PTPS. Extracts from several human cell lines, including brain, contained a kinase that bound to and phosphorylated immobilized wild-type, but not mutant PTPS. Addition of cGMP stimulated phosphotransferase activity 2-fold. Extracts from transfected COS-1 cells overexpressing cGKII stimulated Ser(19) phosphorylation more than 100-fold, but only 4-fold from cGKI overexpressing cells. Moreover, fibroblast extracts from mice lacking cGKII exhibited significantly reduced phosphorylation of PTPS. These results suggest that Ser(19) of human PTPS may be a substrate for cGKII phosphorylation also in vivo, a modification that is essential for normal activity. (+info)

List of amino acid metabolism disorders Inborn error of metabolism "Hyperprolinemia". Genetics Home Reference. National ... This enzyme helps to break down the pyrroline-5-carboxylate produced in the previous reaction, converting it to the amino acid ... Hyperprolinemia is a condition which occurs when the amino acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline ... In particular, individuals with conditions that cause elevated levels of lactic acid in the blood, such as lactic acidemia, are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolinemia

List of amino acid metabolism disorders inborn errors of metabolism Sarafoglou, Kyriakie; Hoffmann, Georg F.; Roth, Karl S. ( ... Standard evaluation for inborn errors of metabolism and other causes of this presentation does not reveal any abnormality (no ... After phenylketonuria, glycine encephalopathy is the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism. The disease is ... making it the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism, after phenylketonuria. It is caused by a defect in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_encephalopathy

Inborn errors of metabolism Imidazole Aromatic amino acids Recessive disorders Imaeda M, Wada Y (1998). "Urocanic aciduria ( ... The amino acid histidine, when catalyzed by the enzyme histidase, forms urocanic acid. Disruptions in this pathway, caused by a ... It is a secondary disorder of histidine metabolism. Urocanic aciduria is thought to be relatively benign. Although aggressive ... This results in reduced levels of skin and serum urocanic acid, the primary indicator of insufficient histidase activity.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urocanic_aciduria

... (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. ... The fact that CGMP is a peptide ensures that the absorption rate of its amino acids is prolonged compared to free amino acids ... This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) to the amino acid tyrosine (Tyr). When PAH activity ... The enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase normally converts the amino acid phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine. If this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylketonuria

1 in 50,000 Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism Tyrosinemia I (TYR I) < 1 in 100,000 Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) < 1 in ... Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism Tyrosinemia II Argininemia Benign hyperphenylalaninemia Defects of biopterin cofactor ... 1 in 100,000 Inborn errors of organic acid metabolism Glutaric acidemia type I (GA I) > 1 in 75,000 Hydroxymethylglutaryl lyase ... 1 in 100,000 Inborn errors of fatty acid metabolism Long-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD) > 1 in 75,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_disorders_included_in_newborn_screening_programs

... amino acid metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C18.452.648.066.102 - albinism MeSH C18.452.648.066.102.090 - albinism, ocular MeSH ... purine-pyrimidine metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C18.452.648.798.368 - gout MeSH C18.452.648.798.368.410 - arthritis, gouty ... amino acid transport disorders, inborn MeSH C18.452.648.088.400 - hartnup disease MeSH C18.452.648.088.600 - oculocerebrorenal ... fructose metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C18.452.648.202.251.221 - fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency MeSH C18.452.648.202. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C18)

... amino acid metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C16.320.565.066.102 - albinism MeSH C16.320.565.066.102.090 - albinism, ocular MeSH ... purine-pyrimidine metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C16.320.565.798.368 - gout MeSH C16.320.565.798.368.410 - arthritis, gouty ... amino acid transport disorders, inborn MeSH C16.320.565.088.400 - Hartnup disease MeSH C16.320.565.088.600 - oculocerebrorenal ... fructose metabolism, inborn errors MeSH C16.320.565.202.251.221 - fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency MeSH C16.320.565.202. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C16)

Inactive colon Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder Inborn branched chain aminoaciduria Inborn error of metabolism Inborn ... metabolic disorder Inborn renal aminoaciduria Inborn urea cycle disorder Incisors fused Inclusion-cell disease Inclusion ... Infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia Infantile recurrent chronic multifocal osteomyolitis Infantile sialic acid storage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(I)

... a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism in amino acid metabolisms involving branched-chain amino acids valine, ... methylmalonyl-CoA during the degradation of branched-chain amino acids, odd chain-length fatty acids, and other metabolites. In ... Several natural variants in amino acid sequences exist. The structure of the MCEE protein has been resolved by X-ray ... If the fatty acid began with an even number of carbons, this process could break down an entire saturated fatty acid into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylmalonyl_CoA_epimerase

... occurs as the result of an inborn error of metabolism that may result in either an inactive or a severely reduced ... Histidase is needed for the metabolism of the amino acid histidine. Although originally thought to be linked to multiple ... However, histidinemia is considered the most prevalent inborn error of metabolism with a reported incidence of 1:8600 (Quebec ... "Experience and problems of newborn mass screening for inborn errors of metabolism in Japan". Acta Paediatrica Japonica. 23 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidinemia

... the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to ... Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH) are a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which ... Each AAAH enzyme contains iron and catalyzes the ring hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids using tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as ... functional domains and evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (16): 5530-4. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopterin-dependent_aromatic_amino_acid_hydroxylase

Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism are metabolic disorders which impair the synthesis and degradation of amino acids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorders_of_amino_acid_metabolism

Alkaptonuria Inborn error of metabolism Ochronosis Shaw K, Bachur R (2016). Fleisher & Ludwig's Textbook of Pediatric Emergency ... usually inborn, in which the body cannot effectively break down the amino acid tyrosine. Symptoms of untreated tyrosinemia ... Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. 5 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1177/2326409817744230. Retrieved 12 March 2019. Grompe M (2016-12-20 ... Tyrosinemia or tyrosinaemia is an error of metabolism, ... "Disorders of Tyrosine Metabolism". www.uptodate.com. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinemia

... an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine Wolff also provided the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Herbert_Wolff

... amino acid metabolism, organic acid metabolism, or lysosomal storage diseases. In recent decades, hundreds of new inherited ... Inborn errors of metabolism form a large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of metabolism. The majority ... detects abnormal amino acid patterns) Guthrie test (detects excessive amounts of specific amino acids in blood) The dried blood ... Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism glycogen storage disease G6PD deficiency Disorders of amino acid metabolism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_metabolism

It is one of several inborn errors of metabolism included in the Garrod's tetrad. The disease is attributed to deficiency in ... amino acids: cystine, lysine, ornithine, arginine. Under normal circumstances, this protein allows certain amino acids, ... The other amino acids that are not reabsorbed do not create crystals in urine. The overall prevalence of cystinuria is ... transport and metabolism of amino acids. Blood: Routine hemogram along with blood sugar, urea, and creatinine. Urine: For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystinuria

Inborn error of amino acid metabolism (E70-E72, 270). K→acetyl-CoA. ... Inborn errors of metabolism. References[edit]. *^ Chambliss, K. L.; Hinson, D. D.; Trettel, F.; Malaspina, P.; Novelletto, A.; ... Saronwala, A.; Tournay, A.; Gargus, J. J. "Genetic inborn error of metabolism provides a unique window into molecular ... an inborn error of GABA metabolism". Neuropediatrics. 29: 14-22. doi:10.1055/s-2007-973527. PMID 9553943.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria

Inborn error of amino acid metabolism (E70-E72, 270). K→acetyl-CoA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinemia_II

Inborn error of amino acid metabolism (E70-E72, 270). K→acetyl-CoA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism

Inborn error of amino acid metabolism (E70-E72, 270). K→acetyl-CoA. ... People with this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that helps break down proteins containing the amino acid leucine ... Symptoms can be reduced through avoidance of leucine, an amino acid. Leucine is a component of most protein-rich foods; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA_carboxylase_deficiency

As an inborn error of metabolism, Tyrosinemia type I stems from a deficiency in the enzymatic catabolic pathway of ... These hydrolytic reactions are essential during aromatic amino acid human metabolism. Furthermore, FAH does not share known ... Mutations spread across the FAH gene observes clusters of amino acid residues such as alanine and aspartic acid residues. ... The FAH gene is thought to be involved in the catabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine in humans. Fumarylacetoacetate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarylacetoacetate_hydrolase

This may be caused by congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism, for example, phenylketonuria, or may be secondary to liver ... Crook, Martin Andrew (2012). "Chapter 27: Inborn errors of metabolism". Clinical biochemistry and metabolic medicine (8th ed ... of the filtered amino acids back into the blood. In overflow aminoaciduria, abnormally high concentrations of amino acids in ... the renal tubules are unable to reabsorb the filtered amino acids back into the blood, causing high concentrations of amino ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoaciduria

Carnitine is an important amino acid for fatty acid metabolism. When carnitine cannot be transported into tissues, fatty acid ... Systemic primary carnitine deficiency (SPCD) is an inborn error of fatty acid transport caused by a defect in the transporter ... newbornscreening.info Activation and Transportation of Fatty Acids for Metabolism via Carnitine Shuttle Hmr.fo - Faroe Islands ... Carnitine is needed to transport long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they can be broken down to produce acetyl- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_primary_carnitine_deficiency

Measurement of amino acids in plasma or serum is used in the evaluation of disorders of amino acid metabolism such as urea ... Full genome sequencing Inborn error of metabolism Predictive medicine "American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics". abmgg. ... These compounds are normally produced during bodily metabolism of amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids, but accumulate in ... Ammonia is an end product of amino acid metabolism and is converted in the liver to urea through a series of enzymatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_genetics

ISBN 978-0-07-182537-5. Broquist HP, Trupin JS (1966). "Amino Acid Metabolism". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 35: 231-247. doi ... and inborn errors". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 573: 137-154. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14992.x. PMID ... BCKDC catalyzes an irreversible step in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine ... 2-oxobutyrate and 2-oxobutyrate at comparable rates and with similar Km values as for its branched-chain amino acid substrates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain_alpha-keto_acid_dehydrogenase_complex

... disorders Peroxisomal disorder Glucose transporter defect Menkes disease Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Organic ... diabetes Hyperthermia Maternal hypothyroidism Placental insufficiency Craniosynostosis Genetic Inborn errors of metabolism ... Because some cases of microcephaly and its associated symptoms may be a result of amino acid deficiencies, treatment with amino ... PMID 18458003 de Koning, T. J. (2006). "Treatment with amino acids in serine deficiency disorders". Journal of Inherited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcephaly

The metabolism and conjugation of phenylacetate with glutamine in the liver involves amino acid acetylation carried out by the ... within patients with hyperammonemia and inborn errors in urea synthesis. Phenylacetylglutamine levels in the urine serves as a ... circulated and retained in the blood after microbial fermentation of certain proteins and amino acids in the gut. Blood serum ... High levels of phenylacetylglutamine in the urine following metabolism by the gut microbiota may also indicate early renal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylacetylglutamine

Nyhan WL (1997). "The recognition of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome as an inborn error of purine metabolism" (PDF). J. Inherit. Metab. ... Nyhan's areas of research span a variety of amino acid metabolism disorders, among them 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria, 3- ... "A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function". Am. J. Med. 36 (4): 561-70. doi:10.1016/0002- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Nyhan

... in various inborn errors of metabolism, and intentionally induced via a ketogenic diet, and in ketoacidosis (usually due to ... fatty acids, and amino acids in most vertebrates, including humans. Ketone bodies are elevated in the blood (ketosis) after ... Acid/base properties of ketonesEdit. Ketones are far more acidic (pKa ≈ 20) than a regular alkane (pKa ≈ 50). This difference ... Acids as weak as pyridinium cation (as found in pyridinium tosylate) with a pKa of 5.2 are able to serve as catalysts in this ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone

The insufficiency of L-xylulose reductase activity causes an inborn error of metabolism disease characterized by excessive ... The DCXR gene encodes a membrane protein that is approximately 34 kDa in size and composed of 224 amino acids. The protein is ... The enzyme is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, glucose metabolism, the uronate cycle and may play a role in the water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-xylulose_reductase

Almost any homeostatic component can malfunction either as a result of an inherited defect, an inborn error of metabolism, or ... 10 amino acids long) from a plasma α-2-globulin called angiotensinogen. This decapeptide is known as angiotensin I.[51] It has ... Main articles: Acid-base homeostasis and Acid-base imbalance. The plasma pH can be altered by respiratory changes in the ... An important function is the production and control of bile acids. Too much bile acid can be toxic to cells and its synthesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

The HGD enzyme in involved in the metabolism (chemical processing) of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. ... doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)78041-5. Garrod AE (1909). "Inborn errors of metabolism". Oxford University Press. OL 7116744M. La Du ... Garrod AE (1908). "The Croonian lectures on inborn errors of metabolism: lecture II: alkaptonuria". Lancet. 2: 73-79. ... Such commonly recommended treatments include large doses of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or dietary restriction of amino acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaptonuria

Index of inborn errors of metabolism. Description. *Metabolism. *Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle *enzymes ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Central_nervous_system_navs

An inborn error of metabolism leading to chronic metabolic acidosis". Arch Dis Child. 42: 492-504. doi:10.1136/adc.42.225.492. ... the body is unable to break down the amino acids methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine; as a result methylmalonic acid ... Because of the inability to properly break down amino acids completely, the byproduct of protein digestion, the compound ... then it may be possible for them to ingest substances that include small amounts of the problematic amino acids isoleucine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylmalonic_acidemia

... but also fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Note: other substances once thought to be vitamins were given numbers ... Multiple carboxylase deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism, can lead to biotin deficiency even when dietary biotin intake ... Coenzyme A, which can be synthesised from pantothenic acid, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, ketone ... which is involved in the transfer of single-carbon units in the metabolism of nucleic acids and amino acids. THF is involved in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B

Inborn errors of metabolism Chambliss, K. L.; Hinson, D. D.; Trettel, F.; Malaspina, P.; Novelletto, A.; Jakobs, C.; Gibson, K ... Taurine is a non-protein sulfur amino acid that is found in high concentrations in human milk. It has been shown to have ... Saronwala, A.; Tournay, A.; Gargus, J. J. "Genetic inborn error of metabolism provides a unique window into molecular ... an inborn error of GABA metabolism". Neuropediatrics. 29: 14-22. doi:10.1055/s-2007-973527. PMID 9553943. Parviz, M.; Vogel, K ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency

Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism: monosaccharide metabolism disorders (E73-E74, 271) Including glycogen storage diseases ... fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids (macronutrients). National Academies Press. p. 323. Archived from the ... Sucrose burns with chloric acid, formed by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate: 8 HClO3 + C12H22O11 → 11 H ... As the concentration of uric acid in the body increases, so does the concentration of uric acid in the joint liquid and beyond ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose

Familial types of disorders of fatty acid metabolism are generally classified as inborn errors of lipid metabolism. These ... has to be synthesized from the glucogenic amino acids and a few other gluconeogenic substrates, which do not include fatty ... of several inborn errors of metabolism that result from enzyme defects affecting the ability of the body to oxidize fatty acids ... Miller DN, Bazzano G; Bazzano (1965). "Propanediol metabolism and its relation to lactic acid metabolism". Ann NY Acad Sci. 119 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism

Jurecka A (2009). „Inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 32 (2): 247-63. PMID 19291420. ... Henrik RistNielsen; Kaare Nyhoim; Knud-ErikSjÃ¸Iin (1974). „Relationship between Urinary 3Aminoisobutyric Acid and Transfer RNA ... Nucleotide metabolism". Biochemistry (3 изд.). Wiley. ISBN 9780471193500.. *↑ Lloyd H. Smith (1973). „Pyrimidine Metabolism in ... Nyhan WL (2005). „Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism". Mol. Genet. Metab. 86 (1-2): 25-33. PMID 16176880. doi: ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/Biosinteza_pirimidina

It is one of several inborn errors of metabolism included in the Garrod's tetrad. The disease is attributed to deficiency in ... amino acids: Cystine, lysine, ornithine, arginine.[8] Under normal circumstances, this protein allows certain amino acids, ... Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive[1] disease that is characterized by high concentrations of the amino acid ... Mutations in either of these genes disrupt the ability of this transporter protein to reabsorb these amino acids, allowing them ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystinuria

... then spends some time developing the fact that the preceding sequence of amino acids had no bearing on what the next amino acid ... The "error" in the genetic message will be replicated with a high degree of fidelity. In the words of Monod "the same source of ... The rest of the chapter is a discussion of the principles that cell metabolism works by. Monod first brings up allosteric ... The author believes that we contain an inborn genetic need to search out the meaning of existence and that is responsible for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_and_Necessity

... is a genetic disease that is autosomal recessive. It is an inborn error of metabolism that ... AMA J Dis Child. 1956 Mar;91(3):282-6. PMID 13301142 ... is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that ... Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL deficiency or LAL-D), also known as Wolman disease, ... Lysosomal acid lipase deficiencies occur when a person has defects (mutations) in both copies of the LIPA gene. Each parent of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesteryl_ester_storage_disease

... or hematin and glucose can abort attacks of acute intermittent porphyria in patients with an inborn error of metabolism of this ... The pathway is initiated by the synthesis of D-aminolevulinic acid (dALA or δALA) from the amino acid glycine and succinyl-CoA ... In addition, a unique sulfonamide ion linkage between the sulfur of a methionyl amino-acid residue and the heme 2-vinyl group ... The addition of peroxide with the glutamyl-375 and aspartyl-225 of lactoperoxidase forms ester bonds between these amino acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haem

Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening. 5: 232640981774423. doi:10.1177/2326409817744230.. ... Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y)[1] or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to ... It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it ... In addition to the common amino acid L-tyrosine, which is the para isomer (para-tyr, p-tyr or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine), there ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine

DHFR mutations cause a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of folate metabolism that results in megaloblastic anemia, ... thymidylic acid, and certain amino acids. While the functional dihydrofolate reductase gene has been mapped to chromosome 5, ... "Identification and characterization of an inborn error of metabolism caused by dihydrofolate reductase deficiency". American ... Purification, properties, and amino acid sequence". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 254 (22): 11475-84. PMID 500653.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase

At Caltech, a comparison of the amino acid content of normal and sickle cell hemoglobins showed that there were several ... Inborn errors of metabolism. *Genetic disorders by inheritance. Navigation menu. Personal tools *Not logged in ... paper suggests that the difference in electrophoretic mobility is probably due to a different number of ionizable amino acid ... After failing to find any differences in size, weight, or acid-base titration (despite the advanced instruments available at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_Cell_Anemia,_a_Molecular_Disease

Vianey-Liaud C, Divry P, Gregersen N, Mathieu M (1987). "The inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation". Journal of ... ETQ-QO links the oxidation of fatty acids and some amino acids to oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. Specifically, ... Oxidative phosphorylation Electron transport chain Microbial metabolism Metabolism Ghisla S, Thorpe C (Feb 2004). "Acyl-CoA ... Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 77 (1-2): 86-90. doi:10.1016/S1096-7192(02)00138-5. PMID 12359134. Olsen RK, Olpin SE, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-transferring-flavoprotein_dehydrogenase

People with certain rare inborn errors of metabolism have a propensity to accumulate crystal-forming substances in their urine ... Urinary excretion of excess sulfurous amino acids (e.g., cysteine and methionine), uric acid, and other acidic metabolites from ... an excessive amount of uric acid in the serum). They may also form in association with disorders of acid/base metabolism where ... An inborn error of renal tubular transport". The New England Journal of Medicine. 278 (26): 1407-13. doi:10.1056/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stones

Inborn error of purine-pyrimidine metabolism (E79, 277.2). Purine metabolism. Anabolism. *Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency ... Blue nodes: amino acid metabolism. Grey nodes: vitamin and cofactor metabolism. Brown nodes: nucleotide and protein metabolism. ... Nucleic acid metabolism is the process by which nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are synthesized and degraded. Nucleic acids are ... Protein metabolism. References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k Voet, Donald; Voet, Judith; Pratt, Charlotte (2008). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_metabolism

... and megavitamin therapies for a group of rare inborn errors of metabolism.[21] A review in the Annals of Internal Medicine ... amino acids, ω-3 fatty acids, ω-6 fatty acids, medium-chain triglycerides, dietary fiber, short and long chain fatty acids, ... and inborn errors of metabolism,[21][25][26] debuted in scientific papers early in the 20th century. ... amino acids, trace elements and fatty acids.[3][4][5] The notions behind orthomolecular medicine are not supported by sound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine

Metabolism. {{Amino acid metabolic pathology}}. Medicine. Inborn error of amino acid metabolism (E70-E72, 270). Metabolic ... Metabolism. {{Fatty-acid metabolism disorders}}. Medicine. Inborn error of lipid metabolism: fatty-acid metabolism disorders ( ... Metabolism. {{Inborn errors of purine-pyrimidine metabolism}}. Medicine. Inborn error of purine-pyrimidine metabolism (E79, ... Metabolism. {{Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism}}. Medicine. Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism: monosaccharide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Djd/sandbox/MedNav/Pathology_templates

Quality protein uptake is defined as the ratio of essential amino acids to daily dietary protein.[48] ... see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdominal_obesity& ... "Anabolic deficits underlie amino acid resistance of wasting, aging muscle". The FASEB Journal. 19 (3): 422-424. doi:10.1096/fj. ... It has also been shown that quality protein intake during a 24-hour period and the number of times the essential amino acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_obesity

Index of inborn errors of metabolism. Description. *Metabolism. *Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle *enzymes ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Toxicology_navs

Several classic inborn errors of metabolism can be detected by the accumulation of certain amino acids as metabolites in body ... The first inborn errors of metabolism, which have been described in the beginning of the 20th century by Sir Archibald Garrod, ... Inborn errors of metabolism are caused by changes in specific enzymatic reactions and hundreds of different such alterations, ... enzyme and metabolite tests from a single patient sample are needed for the efficient diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/metabolites-for-inborn-errors-of-amino-acid-metabolism.html

Study of Treatment and Metabolism in Patients With Urea Cycle Disorders. *Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ... 208 Studies found for: N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency OR Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ... N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency OR Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (208 records) ... Newborn Screening for Aromatic L-amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency. *Aromatic L-amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=%22N-acetylglutamate%20synthase%20deficiency%22%20OR%20%22Amino%20Acid%20Metabolism%2C%20Inborn%20Errors%22

Dr Lal PathLabs offers test service for Amino Acid Non Ketotic Hyperglycinemia Panel Test for checking Inborn Errors of ... Metabolism. View details of cost of test, pre-test information and report availability on Dr Lal PathLabs. ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism Specimen. 1 mL (0.5 mL min.) CSF in a sterile screw capped vial AND 2 mL (1 mL min.) plasma from 1 ... AMINO ACID, NON-KETOTIC HYPERGLYCINEMIA PANEL QUANTITATIVE, CSF & PLASMA. Report Availability. Sample by Mon / Wed 5 pm; Report ...

https://www.lalpathlabs.com/pathology-test/amino-acid-non-ketotic-hyperglycinemia-panel

NEUROMETABOLIC EFFECTS OF AN INBORN ERROR OF AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM DEMONSTRATED INVIVO BY H-1-NMR. MAGNET RESON MED , 3 (1) 150 ... NEUROMETABOLIC EFFECTS OF AN INBORN ERROR OF AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM DEMONSTRATED INVIVO BY H-1-NMR ... NEUROMETABOLIC EFFECTS OF AN INBORN ERROR OF AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM DEMONSTRATED INVIVO BY H-1-NMR. ...

http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/145621/

... - 25 Studies Found. Status. Study Suspended. Study Name: Ataluren for Nonsense Mutation ... Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Date: 2005-10-10. Recruiting. Study Name: A Clinical Trial for Treatment of Aromatic L- ... Condition: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Date: 1999-10-18. Interventions: *Behavioral: Protein and calorie controlled ... Condition: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Date: 2010-06-07. Interventions: Drug: Ataluren (PTC124) Ataluren (PTC124) ...

http://webhealthnetwork.com/clinicaltrials-search.php?q=Amino+Acid+Metabolism%2C+Inborn+Errors

Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present in the neonatal period ... Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors active profile. * ...

https://selfdecode.com/disease/amino-acid-metabolism-inborn-errors/

Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism are chiefly inherited as autosomal recessive conditions. Amino acid transport defects ... Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism Assignment Help & Homework Help - ... Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism Medical Assignment Help. - Diameties Mellitus and Other Desorder of Metabolism ... Home » Diameties Mellitus and Other Desorder of Metabolism » Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism ...

https://www.medassignments.com/inborn-errors-of-amino-acid-metabolism-8682

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn. Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Acidosis. Propionic Acidemia. ... Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn Inborn Errors of Metabolism Propionic Acidemia Methylmalonic Acidemia Carbamyl Phosphate ... Increasing Ureagenesis in Inborn Errors of Metabolism With N-Carbamylglutamate. The safety and scientific validity of this ... Hyperammonemia, which can cause brain damage, occurs in many different kinds of inborn errors of metabolism. The investigators ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01341379?cond=%22argininosuccinic+aciduria%22+OR+%22amino+acid+metabolism%2C+inborn+errors%22&rank=15

Make research projects and school reports about Inborn errors of metabolism easy with credible articles from our FREE, online ... and pictures about Inborn errors of metabolism at Encyclopedia.com. ... Amino acids- Proteins are made up of organic compounds called amino acids. The human body uses amino acids to build and repair ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Inborn errors of metabolism are inherited disorders in which the body cannot metabolize the ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/inborn-errors-metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Metabolism, Inborn Errors. 4-phenylbutyric acid. Glycerol. Antineoplastic Agents. ... Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Urea Cycle Disorders Inborn Amino Acid Metabolism Disorder ... Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn. Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn. Brain Diseases, Metabolic. Brain Diseases. Central Nervous ... Elevated phenylacetic acid levels do not correlate with adverse events in patients with urea cycle disorders or hepatic ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01347073?term=Taste+Disorders&rank=71

Genetic Diseases, Inborn. Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Metabolism, Inborn Errors. Skin Diseases, Genetic. Metabolic ... Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Piebaldism Albinism Inborn Amino Acid Metabolism Disorder ... Evaluation of Non-cultured Epidermal Cellular Grafting vs Hyaluronic Acid for Repigmenting Vitiligo and Piebaldism. The safety ... A Multicenter Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial of Non-cultured Epidermal Cellular Grafting Versus Hyaluronic Acid for ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02156427

Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. * Cardiopulmonary instability. * Hemophagocytic syndrome. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ... Kabiven and Perikabiven three-chamber bags contain amino acids with electrolytes, dextrose and lipids (Intralipid® 20%). The ... Kabiven and Perikabiven are intravenously infused solutions of lipids, dextrose, amino acids and electrolytes in three-chamber ... Preterm and low birth weight infants have poor clearance of intravenous lipid emulsion and increased free fatty acid plasma ...

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140826005602/en/Fresenius-Kabi-Receives-FDA-approval-Kabiven%C2%AE-Perikabiven%C2%AE

... maple syrup urine disease and fatty acid oxidation disorders. ... about many aspects of rare inborn errors of metabolism such as ... Information on clinics, patient organisations, travelling and other support for people with inborn errors of metabolism. ...

http://www.nutrition4me.com.au/terms-conditions

keywords = "Amino acid analysis, Amino acid derivatization, Inborn errors of metabolism, Inherited metabolic diseases, Liquid ... Amino and organic acid analysis : Essential tools in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. / Phipps, William S.; Jones ... Amino and organic acid analysis: Essential tools in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. In Advances in Clinical ... Amino and organic acid analysis : Essential tools in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. Advances in Clinical ...

https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/amino-and-organic-acid-analysis-essential-tools-in-the-diagnosis-

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood , Amino Acids/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Diagnosis, ... Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Amino Acids / Indicators and Reagents Language: English Journal: Southeast Asian J Trop ... Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Amino Acids / Indicators and Reagents Language: English Journal: Southeast Asian J Trop ... HPLC analysis of amino acids in inborn errors of metabolism. HPLC analysis of amino acids in inborn errors of metabolism. ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/sea-31924

... suggesting that amino acid and organic acid biochemical screenings should be performed in these newborns routinely at admission ... The analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines in blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry has the potential to significantly ... Disorders of amino acid and organic acid metabolism collectively represent a group of over 70 inherited diseases that are most ...

https://serval.unil.ch/fr/notice/serval:BIB_190D9A6441AD

ClinicalTrials.gov: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors (National Institutes of Health) Journal Articles References and ... Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders (March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation) * Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism (Merck & Co., ... your body may have trouble breaking down certain amino acids. Or there may be a problem getting the amino acids into your cells ... One group of these disorders is amino acid metabolism disorders. They include phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine ...

https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html

... amino acid ), called methionine, in the blood. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition. ... Inborn errors of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. J Nutr. 2006 Jun;136(6 Suppl):1750S-1754S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.6. ... Biochemistry (fifth edition, 2002): Methionine Metabolism. *Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME. The sulfur-containing amino acids: an ... The reactions involved help supply some of the amino acids needed for protein production. These reactions are also involved in ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypermethioninemia/

Amino Acids, Electrolytes, Dextrose and Lipid Injectable Emulsion for Intravenous Use) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, ... Inborn error of amino acid metabolism. *Cardiopulmonary instability (including pulmonary edema, cardiac insufficiency, ... In some patients this may indicate hepatic insufficiency or the presence of an inborn error of amino acid metabolism [see ... Protein is provided as amino acids. When infused intravenously amino acids are metabolized and utilized as the building blocks ...

https://www.rxlist.com/perikabiven-drug.htm

People who have Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) - Amino Acid cannot break down specific amino acids in protein. They are ... Metabolic Dietary Disorders Association needs your help with "Tony Abbott, Sussan Ley: Reinstate the Inborn Error of Metabolism ... Metabolic Dietary Disorders Association needs your help with "Tony Abbott, Sussan Ley: Reinstate the Inborn Error of Metabolism ... Tony Abbott, Sussan Ley: Reinstate the Inborn Error of Metabolism (IEM) Food Grant ...

https://www.change.org/p/tony-abbott-sussan-ley-reinstate-the-inborn-error-of-metabolism-iem-food-grant

Homocystinuria is a rare inherited condition characterized by increased levels of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood and ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders that hamper the bodys metabolism resulting in ... Homocystinuria / Amino Acid Metabolism Disorder Homocystinuria is a genetic condition marked by build-up of aminoacids ... Homocystinuria , Amino Acid Metabolism Disorder - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Do you wish to consult Geneticist ...

https://www.medindia.net/patientinfo/homocystinuria-amino-acid-metabolism-disorder.htm

Errors in amino acid metabolism, inborn or. *Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)-Should not be used in patients with these ... Chemical Class: Amino Acid. Uses for Clinimix E 5/15. Amino acids and electrolytes with calcium injection is used as dietary ... This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain amino acids and electrolytes in ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of amino acids in ...

https://www.drugs.com/cons/clinimix-e-5-15.html

Errors in amino acid metabolism, inborn or * Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)-Should not be used in patients with these ... Amino acids and electrolytes with calcium injection is used as dietary supplement for patients who are unable to get enough ... www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amino-acids-and-electrolytes-in-dextrose-with-calcium-intravenous-route/side-effects/drg- ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of amino acids in ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amino-acids-and-electrolytes-in-dextrose-with-calcium-intravenous-route/side-effects/drg-20406455?p=1

... metabolism, physiology, immunology, reproduction, pathology, and cell biology. In the last half-century, there have been many ... Amino acid biochemistry and nutrition spans a broad range of fields including biochemistry, ... regulation of amino acid metabolism, physiological functions of amino acids, and inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. The ... Dietary Requirements of Amino Acids! I also appreciated the section on what constitutes an essential amino acid (Dr. Wu was ...

https://www.routledge.com/Amino-Acids-Biochemistry-and-Nutrition/Wu/p/book/9781439861899

"Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Part 1.". Amino Acid Disorders. There is no one prototypical disorder of amino acid metabolism; ... When an amino acid disorder is suspected, measurement of plasma amino acids generally is sufficient to make the diagnosis. ... Assessment of urine amino acids can be helpful for homocystinuria and some abnormalities of amino acid transport (cystinuria, ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Part 2: Specific Disorders. Paul A. Levy. Pediatrics in Review April 2009, 30 (4) e22-e28; DOI: ...

https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/30/4/e22

Professional guide for Amino Acid Formulations for Renal Failure. Includes: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, ... inborn errors of amino acid metabolism ( NephrAmine only); hypersensitivity to 1 or more amino acids in the solution ( ... Amino Acid Formulations for Renal Failure. Pronunciation: a-MEE-noe AS-id. Class: Amino acid combinations ... Elevated plasma amino acid levels (eg, hypermethionemia) and hyperammonemia may occur; consider amino acid formulations ...

https://www.drugs.com/ppa/amino-acid-formulations-for-renal-failure.html

Homocystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive defect in methionine metabolism that is caused by a deficiency in ... Inborn errors of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. J Nutr. 2006 Jun. 136(6 Suppl):1750S-1754S. [Medline]. ... 3] Two other enzymes involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism have been mapped: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and L-homocysteine S- ... is the most frequent inborn error of vitamin B-12 metabolism. The gene responsible for cblC, MMACHC, has been identified. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1115062-overview

Known hypersensitivity to one or more amino acids (4). •. Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. (4). •. Patients with ... Patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism due to risk of severe metabolic or neurologic complications.. •. Patients ... In some patients, this may indicate hepatic insufficiency or the presence of an inborn error of amino acid metabolism [see ... PROSOL 20% (amino acids) injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of essential and nonessential amino acids ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=cc2ace81-5881-43f1-ba94-41b674adc2fc

Finkelstein JD (2006) Inborn errors of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. J Nutr 136:1750-1754Google Scholar ... Other inborn errors of metabolism with transient neonatal cholestasis or hepatopathy are, e.g. mannose phosphate isomerase-CDG ... Assays of plasma amino acids revealed isolated marked hypermethioninemia ranging from 400 to 1247 μmol/L (ref. range 13-45). ... Barić I, Fowler B (2014) Sulphur amino acids. In: Blau N, Duran M, Gibson KM, Dionisi-Vici C (eds) Physicians guide to the ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10545-016-9972-7

inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. *inborn errors. *© 1974 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society ... although the values obtained for homoarginine indicate that the defect in amino acid transport also affects this amino acid. ... 6. In the design of models for the tubular reabsorption of amino acids in health and disease, the presence of homoarginine and ... in addition to the normal ninhydrin reaction for amino acids, homoarginine, a guanidino homologue of arginine, was found in the ...

http://www.clinsci.org/content/46/2/173

To determine whether brief (3 day) treatment with N-carbamylglutamate can improve ureagenesis in adult healthy controls and patients with the following inborn errors of metabolism: N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, carbamylphosphate synthase deficiency, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and the syndrome of hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (HHH Syndrome). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Kabiven and Perikabiven may be used to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency or treat negative nitrogen balance in adult patients. (businesswire.com)
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in a human: a genetic disorder of methionine metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
Homocystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive defect in methionine metabolism that is caused by a deficiency in cystathionine synthase. (medscape.com)
The Inborn Errors of Metabolism Map identifies the site of over 100 metabolic deficiency diseases that are named on the sides of the map. (bionity.com)
Sometimes the opposite can happen and an IEM can result in the deficiency of an amino acid, for example some disorders of the urea cycle result in arginine deficiency. (allbest.ru)
Monitor for signs/symptoms of infection and essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Classical homocystinuria is a rare, inherited genetic disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), which is critical for methionine metabolism. (biospace.com)
Hyperargininemia, or arginase-1 deficiency is a rare, inherited disorder of the urea cycle caused by a mutation in the arginase-1 gene, resulting in the accumulation of toxic levels of the amino acid arginine in the blood. (biospace.com)
Extract: Pharmacologie doses of pyridoxine corrected plasma amino acid abnormalities in two boys (JK and EY) with homocystinuria caused by cystathionine synthase deficiency. (semanticscholar.org)
Homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency: the metabolism of L-methionine. (semanticscholar.org)
MS/MS technology expands the metabolic disorder screening panel (i.e., the number of disorders that can be detected) by incorporating an acylcarnitine profile, which enables detection of fatty acid oxidation disorders (e.g., medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [MCAD] deficiency) ( 7-10 ) and other organic acid disorders. (cdc.gov)
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by deficiency of certain enzymes (branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex) required to break down (metabolize) the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) [Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine] in the body. (rarediseases.org)
Fat emulsion coadministration should be considered when prolonged (more than 5 days) parenteral nutrition is required in order to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (E.F.A.D.). Serum lipids should be monitored for evidence of E.F.A.D. in patients maintained on fat free TPN . (rxlist.com)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common disorder of amino acid metabolism. (encyclopedia.com)
Phenylketonuria, a disorder of phenylalanine metabolism, leads to intellectual disability if untreated. (aappublications.org)
citation needed] Glycine encephalopathy has an estimated incidence of 1 in 60,000, making it the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism, after phenylketonuria. (wikipedia.org)
In this home work I try to explain such amino acid disorder diseases as phenylketonuria, maple syrup disease, homocystinuria, cystinuria, glycine encephalopathy. (allbest.ru)
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism (about 1:10,000-1:15,000) and was the first successfully treated inborn error of metabolism. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
Indicanuria is also present in other inborn errors of metabolism like phenylketonuria. (renalandurologynews.com)
Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
Phenylketonuria is a defect in phenylalanine metabolism resulting in the excretion of phenylketones and severe intellectual disability. (bireme.br)

Several classic inborn errors of metabolism can be detected by the accumulation of certain amino acids as metabolites in body fluids like serum and urine. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Urinary excretion of the branched chain amino acids leucine, valine and isoleucine is an indicator for maple syrup urine disease, N-acetylaspartic acid for Canavan disease and tyrosine and N-acetyltyrosine for tyrosinemia type I. The identification of new amino acid biomarkers for metabolic disorders is of major importance to biomedical research, and a generic approach for the large-scale prediction of specific biomarkers has been described. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a disorder in which the body is unable to use the amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine in a normal way. (encyclopedia.com)
Excessive amounts of these amino acids and their metabolites will build up in the blood and spill into the urine and perspiration, giving them the odor of maple syrup (which is how this disorder got its name). (encyclopedia.com)
Analysis of amino acids in blood or urine is a valuable diagnostic tool in cases of suspected metabolic disorders. (bvsalud.org)
It is characterized by increased levels of the amino acid homocysteine in blood and urine. (medindia.net)
Maple syrup urine disease involves an enzyme common to the degradation of the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). (aappublications.org)
Assessment of urine amino acids can be helpful for homocystinuria and some abnormalities of amino acid transport (cystinuria, dicarboxylic amino aciduria) that affect the kidneys and for detecting generalized amino aciduria found with some kidney disease and mitochondrial disorders. (aappublications.org)
1. By using ion-exchange columns coupled to a sensitive automated Sakaguchi reaction, in addition to the normal ninhydrin reaction for amino acids, homoarginine, a guanidino homologue of arginine, was found in the plasma and urine of both normal and cystinuric individuals. (clinsci.org)
Defects in cobalamin metabolism lead to disorders characterized by the accumulation of methylmalonic acid and/or homocysteine in blood and urine. (nih.gov)
It is characterized by inadequate reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the kidney that results in excessive urine excretion of cystine and the dibasic amino acids lysine, arginine, and ornithine due to defective transepithelial transport of these amino acids in the proximal tubule and the small intestine. (frontiersin.org)
The raised phenylalanine in the blood results in increased phenylpyruvic acid which is excreted in the urine in PKU, this is useful in diagnosis. (allbest.ru)
Therefore, amino acids disorders are biochemically characterized by abnormal levels of single or several amino acids and their downstream plasma and/or urine metabolites ( Tables 2 - 6 ). (intechopen.com)
1 a benign, transient condition of the newborn, especially premature infants, in which an excessive amount of the amino acid tyrosine is found in the blood and urine. (thefreedictionary.com)
Patients are unable to fully metabolize the amino acid methionine, an essential amino acid found in food, which leads to the accumulation of homocysteine and methionine in the blood and urine. (biospace.com)
Jones PM and Bennett MJ (2010) Urine organic acid analysis for inherited metabolic disease using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. (els.net)

Inborn errors of metabolism are inherited disorders in which the body cannot metabolize the components of food ( carbohydrates , proteins , and fats). (encyclopedia.com)
Chromatography ( HPLC ) systems for amino acid analysis of proteins are available that can be modified for use with physiological samples. (bvsalud.org)
Amino acids are "building blocks" that join together to form proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Amino acids and electrolytes with calcium injection is used as dietary supplement for patients who are unable to get enough calories, proteins, and electrolytes in their diet, usually because of certain illnesses or a recent surgery. (drugs.com)
The prescribed amino acid supplement replaces essential proteins and nutrients that normally come from food. (change.org)
The text begins with the discoveries and basic concepts of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, and then moves to protein digestion and absorption of peptides and amino acids. (routledge.com)
Phenylalanine , an amino acid present in the mixture obtained upon hydrolysis of common proteins . (britannica.com)
Furthermore, amino acids derived from the dietary proteins serve as energy source since while catabolized in our body, amino acids form organic acids that can replenish Krebs cycle and ammonia that eliminates through urea cycle [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Furthermore, a general de-ubiquitination in ρ 0 cells was observed, for example, 80S ribosomal proteins were in average threefold and SLC amino acid transporters fivefold de-ubiquitinated. (mcponline.org)
Specific proteins in the body control the chemical reactions of metabolism, and each chemical reaction is coordinated with other body functions. (kidshealth.org)
After food is eaten, molecules in the digestive system called enzymes break proteins down into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and carbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g., glucose). (kidshealth.org)
or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined together by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

Hyperammonemia probably refractory to N-carbamylglutamate: other urea cycle disorders (UCD), lysinuric protein intolerance, mitochondrial disorders, congenital lactic acidemia, fatty acid oxidation defects or primary liver disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Kabiven and Perikabiven are each indicated as a source of calories, protein, electrolytes and essential fatty acids for adult patients requiring parenteral nutrition when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated. (businesswire.com)
The reactions involved help supply some of the amino acids needed for protein production. (medlineplus.gov)
People who have Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) - Amino Acid cannot break down specific amino acids in protein. (change.org)
They are treated by a low protein diet using special medical foods, a prescribed amino acid supplement and, for some more rare IEMs, a medication. (change.org)
Administration of essential amino acids to uremic patients results in the utilization of retained urea in protein synthesis. (drugs.com)
The book also details protein synthesis and degradation, regulation of amino acid metabolism, physiological functions of amino acids, and inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. (routledge.com)
It covers the history, chemistry, and the integrated physiology of the major amino acids, going far beyond their use in protein synthesis to include a full description of non-protein functions and the role of amino acids as signaling molecules. (routledge.com)
In a protein, hydrophobic amino acids are likely to be found in the interior, whereas h. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The high affinity and sodium-independent transport of cystine and neutral and dibasic amino acids is the role of the protein [b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1] that is encoded by SLC7A9 ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The conversion between proline and glutamine, and the reverse reaction controlled by different enzymes, are important factors required to maintain proper metabolism and protein production. (wikipedia.org)
Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid that derives from dietary sources, the hydroxylation of phenylalanine, or protein breakdown. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
Categorization of IEM can be simply made on the basis of the affected metabolic network: fatty acids oxidation disorders, protein/amino acids metabolism disorders, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, lysosomal storage diseases, peroxisomal disorders, and mitochondrial diseases. (intechopen.com)
Amino acids ( Figure 1 ) play multiple important roles in our body: they are basic structural protein units and precursors of neurotransmitters, porphyrins, and nitric oxide. (intechopen.com)
To provide a source of calories, protein, electrolytes, and essential fatty acids in adults requiring parenteral nutrition when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
may respond to a low-protein diet and the administration of synthetic amino acids. (thefreedictionary.com)
Pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed a nonuniform down-regulation of the respiratory electron chain, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pyruvate metabolism in ρ 0 cells. (mcponline.org)
The clinical manifestations in many of these disorders can be prevented if diagnosis is achieved early and necessary treatment with dietary protein or amino acid restriction is instituted immediately. (wellmark.com)
For some of the inborn errors of metabolism, special formulas and medical foods have been developed which eliminate the amino acid that cannot be metabolized from the protein context of the food. (wellmark.com)
There are three major categories of IEMs: protein disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, and carbohydrate disorders. (wellmark.com)
Similarly, we are interested in inborn errors of biogenesis and function of the peroxisome, a ubiquitous sub-cellular organelle whose protein components participate in numerous metabolic pathways. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In the postabsorptive state there is a net loss of amino acids from muscle, whereas in the fed state there is net uptake, reflecting the changes in net Further Reading protein deposition and loss. (yudu.com)
Thus, there is a well-recognized glucose- protein and amino acid requirements. (yudu.com)
Glycine is an Amino Acid that is the product of normal protein metabolism. (healthtap.com)
Infection, psychological stress, fasting, trauma, fasting or indeed any major change in dietary habits all cause a change in the metabolism of protein resulting in more of the BCAAs requiring to be metabolized. (rarediseases.org)
Each 1000 mL provides a total of 15.3 g of nitrogen in 97 g of amino acids equal to 95.6 grams of protein equivalent. (rxlist.com)
Central venous infusion should be considered when amino acid solutions are to be admixed with hypertonic dextrose to promote protein synthesis in hypercatabolic or severely depleted patients, or those requiring long-term parenteral nutrition . (rxlist.com)
In well-nourished, mildly catabolic patients such as routine postsurgical patients who require only short-term parenteral nutrition , protein sparing can be achieved by peripheral infusion of amino acid solutions with or without dextrose. (rxlist.com)
The total daily dose of 10% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) depends on daily protein requirements and on the patient's metabolic and clinical response. (rxlist.com)
Daily amino acid doses of approximately 1.5 g/kg of body weight for adults and 2 to 3 g/kg of body weight for infants with adequate calories are generally sufficient to satisfy protein needs and promote positive nitrogen balance. (rxlist.com)
For protein sparing in well-nourished patients not receiving significant additional calories, amino acid dosages of 1.0 to 1.7 g/kg/day significantly reduce nitrogen losses and spare body protein. (rxlist.com)
Resumo em inglês The amino acids composition of the muscle tissue of pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) was determined with basis on the ideal protein concept. (worldwidescience.org)

Simultaneous enzyme and metabolite tests from a single patient sample are needed for the efficient diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in an individual. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Two essential tools required for the diagnosis of these categories of disorders are amino acid and organic acid profiling. (elsevier.com)
In this chapter, we will provide an overview of various methodologies employed for amino acid and organic acid profiling as well as specific examples to demonstrate how these techniques are applied in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of IEMs. (elsevier.com)
The presence of a characteristic pattern of elevated amino acids is very useful in the diagnosis of these rare disorders. (bvsalud.org)
When an amino acid disorder is suspected, measurement of plasma amino acids generally is sufficient to make the diagnosis. (aappublications.org)
This chapter will overview amino acid metabolism-related inherited disorders and amino acid analysis for the diagnosis and routine monitoring of this category of IEMs. (intechopen.com)
This test is useful for the diagnosis of a broad range of inborn errors of metabolism related to amino acid metabolism. (bcm.edu)
Dietzen DJ and Weindel AL (2010) Comprehensive determination of amino acids for diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. (els.net)
5 The proponents of this technology contend that other inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism can be detected and that improved prognosis may be achieved by early diagnosis. (bmj.com)
Screening infants for increased levels of amino acids can lead to early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)

In this disorder the body cannot use the amino acid phenylalanine normally, and excess amounts build up in the blood. (encyclopedia.com)
It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by a defect in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which converts the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Cognitive Impairment: Metabolism Defects of Phenylalanine, Homocysteine and Methionine, Purine and Pyrimidine, and Creatine. (bireme.br)

The most common inborn error of cobalamin metabolism, combined methylmalonic acidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia, cblC type, is caused by mutations in MMACHC. (nih.gov)

an aminoacidopathy consisting of defective metabolism of tyrosine and its buildup in the body, as well as urinary excretion of related metabolites. (thefreedictionary.com)
ty·ro·sin·e·mia/ ( ti″ro-sĭ-ne´me-ah ) an aminoacidopathy of tyrosine metabolism with elevated blood levels of tyrosine and urinary excretion of tyrosine and related metabolites. (thefreedictionary.com)
Metabolites of the TCA cycle were dysregulated, such as a reduction of citric acid and cis -aconitic acid (six and 2.5-fold), and an increase of lactic acid, oxalacetic acid (both twofold), and succinic acid (fivefold) in ρ 0 cells. (mcponline.org)

Additional chapters cover cell-, tissue-, and species-specific synthesis and catabolism of amino acids and related nitrogenous substances, as well as the use of isotopes to study amino acid metabolism in cells and the body. (routledge.com)
Classical organic acidurias including methylmalonic aciduria (MMA), propionic aciduria (PA) and isovaleric aciduria (IVA) are severe inborn errors of the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids and odd-numbered chain fatty acids, presenting with severe complications. (nih.gov)
when does amino acid catabolism occur? (brainscape.com)
Catabolism (pronounced: kuh-TAB-uh-lih-zem), or destructive metabolism , is the process that produces the energy required for all activity in the cells. (kidshealth.org)

Amino acid transport defects can be congenital or acquired. (medassignments.com)
Goal is to determine whether a 3 day trial of N-carbamylglutamate increases ureagenesis in patients with urea cycle defects and other inborn errors of metabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a large class of genetic disorders that result from defects in enzymes involved in energy production and metabolism of nutrients. (elsevier.com)
Amino acids accumulate in body fluids when there are genetic defects i.e. inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), that affect their metabolism or transport. (allbest.ru)
Primary (PKU) and secondary (defects of BH4 metabolism) hyperphenylalaninemia can cause abnormally low levels of tyrosine. (mayomedicallaboratories.com)
Defects in metabolism of amino acids. (mountsinai.org)
Amino acids disorders (also called aminoacidopathies) are a group of inborn errors of metabolism diseases, caused by the inherited defects in pathways involved in amino acids metabolism. (intechopen.com)
Thus new classes of disorders such as inherited defects of mitochondrial β-oxidation, peroxisomal metabolism, and of the respiratory chain are now known. (bmj.com)

People with this condition cannot break down the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. (mountsinai.org)
For infants, the diet includes a formula with low levels of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. (mountsinai.org)

Cobalamin C (Cbl-C) defect is the most common inborn error of cobalamin metabolism causing methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria. (tripdatabase.com)
Dr. Jan Kraus is interested in inborn errors of metabolism, homocystinuria, and propionic acidemia in particular. (ucdenver.edu)
Homocystinuria is a metabolic disorder of the aminoacid methionine. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid transport manifested with childhood onset of intermittent attacks (usually in the spring/early summer) of photosensitive dermatitis and neurologic symptoms: ataxia, spasticity, photophobia and personality and mood changes. (renalandurologynews.com)

Glycine encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
This is a heterogenic autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SLC6A19 gene that encodes the B 0 AT1 neutral amino acid transporter. (renalandurologynews.com)
Hartnup's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder due to defective transport of Neutral aminoacids( monoamino monocarboxylic ) in the small intestine and kidneys. (ispub.com)
Hartnup's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder due to defective transport of Neutral aminoacids( monoamino monocarboxylic ) in the small intestine and kidneys.Patients usually present with skin lesions, cerebellar ataxia and gross amino aciduria.Heterozygotes are normal. (ispub.com)

There is defective tubular reabsorption and jejunal absorption of cystine and the dibasic amino acids lysine, ornithine and arginine. (medassignments.com)

Chamber 3 contains Intralipid® 20% (a 20% Lipid Injectable Emulsion), prepared for intravenous administration as a source of calories and essential fatty acids . (rxlist.com)
contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that abound in neutral fats . (rxlist.com)
Safe, well-tolerated, 1,2 and administered to over 6 million patients worldwide, SMOFlipid provides energy and essential fatty acids. (fresenius-kabi.com)
SMOFlipid is indicated in adults as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for parenteral nutrition (PN) when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated. (fresenius-kabi.com)
Like sugar, amino acids and fatty acids can be used as energy sources by the body when needed. (kidshealth.org)

Kabiven and Perikabiven are intravenously infused solutions of lipids, dextrose, amino acids and electrolytes in three-chamber parenteral nutrition bags that efficiently deliver these nutrients in volumes and concentrations that meet the nutritional needs of most patients. (businesswire.com)
Many biosynthetic and breakdown pathways of metabolism such as those concerning carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids are associated with this pathway and are differentiated by differences in color. (bionity.com)
Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecule: amino acids, carbohydrates , nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)

Elimination of the respiratory electron chain by depleting the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, ρ 0 cells) has therefore one of the most severe impacts on the energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. (mcponline.org)
The mitochondrial energy metabolism is necessary for the generation of more than 90% of cellular energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ( 1 , 2 ). (mcponline.org)

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of amino acids with electrolytes in dextrose with calcium injection in the pediatric population. (drugs.com)
For moderately catabolic or depleted patients in whom the central venous route is not indicated, diluted amino acid solutions mixed with 5% dextrose solutions may be infused by peripheral vein, supplemented, if desired, with fat emulsion. (rxlist.com)

Disorders of amino acid metabolism, organic acid metabolism and the urea cycle comprise a large portion of IEMs. (elsevier.com)
Sodium phenylbutyrate decreases plasma branched-chain amino acids in patients with urea cycle disorders. (kegg.jp)

Derivatives of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) are essential cofactors for enzymes required in intermediary metabolism. (nih.gov)
Hyperprolinemia is a condition which occurs when the amino acid proline is not broken down properly by the enzymes proline oxidase or pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, causing a buildup of proline in the body. (wikipedia.org)
As a result of mutation, the inherited defect is reflected downstream as a lack or a partial biological activity of enzymes involved in amino acids metabolism. (intechopen.com)
The disorder is caused by an anomaly in amino acid metabolism, usually delayed development of the enzymes necessary to metabolize tyrosine, and is controlled by dietary measures and vitamin C therapy. (thefreedictionary.com)
For example, we have conducted extensive molecular, biochemical and structural studies of the enzymes of proline and ornithine metabolism defining the biochemical and molecular bases of several. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. (wikipedia.org)

These HPLC systems have some advantages over LPLC systems, including lower equipment cost , less caustic buffer systems and improved separation of certain amino acids . (bvsalud.org)
If you have one of these disorders, your body may have trouble breaking down certain amino acids. (medlineplus.gov)
Even with dietary treatment, stressful situations and illness can still cause high levels of certain amino acids. (mountsinai.org)

On the other hand, the clearance of arginine exceeded that for homoarginine in the majority of cystinuric subjects although the values obtained for homoarginine indicate that the defect in amino acid transport also affects this amino acid. (clinsci.org)
Renal D-amino acid oxidase mediates chiral inversion of N(G)-nitro-D-arginine. (semanticscholar.org)
Role of arginine 285 in the active site of Rhodotorula gracilis D-amino acid oxidase. (semanticscholar.org)

Frequent laboratory and clinical monitoring is strongly recommended, especially in very young patients, to avoid clinically significant elevations of serum ammonia and plasma amino acid levels. (drugs.com)
The degradation of amino acids results in their deamination, generating ammonia as the waste nitrogen. (aappublications.org)
Each amino acid is further broken down into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. (allbest.ru)

The symptoms are exclusively neurological in nature, and clinically this disorder is characterized by abnormally high levels of the amino acid glycine in bodily fluids and tissues, especially the cerebrospinal fluid. (wikipedia.org)

The phenylpyruvic acid has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase in brain. (allbest.ru)
Much of the The liver is responsible for most of the deamination glutamine is metabolized to pyruvate, which is then of amino acids, except for the branched-chain amino transaminated and exported to the liver as alanine. (yudu.com)

The Metabolic Dietary Disorders Association ( MDDA ) - the national patient support group for families living with an Inborn Error of Metabolism (IEM) - has been advised by the Department of Health today that the IEM food grant (a grant supporting individuals living with rare metabolic diseases) will finish in December 2015 and will no longer be funded by the government. (change.org)
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a group of inherited diseases in which genetic defect leads to the block on a metabolic pathway, resulting in a single enzyme dysfunction. (intechopen.com)
Over the years, his laboratory has discovered the genetic causation for more than 20 diseases, including those responsible for inborn errors of metabolism, inherited retinal degeneration, disorders of cellular organelle biogenesis and genetic variations that contribute risk for common disorders such as schizophrenia. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Along with elevated homocysteine levels, the levels of methionine (another essential amino acid in humans) are also increased as the body is unable to process the methionine. (medindia.net)

Finkelstein JD (1990) Methionine metabolism in mammals. (yudu.com)

The final chapter discusses dietary requirements of amino acids by humans and other animals. (routledge.com)

Hundreds of genes have been associated with respiratory chain disease (RCD), the most common inborn error of metabolism so far. (mcponline.org)
They occur at an estimated prevalence of one in 5000 live births and are collectively the most common inborn error of metabolism ( 6 ). (mcponline.org)
PKU is the most common inborn error in amino acid metabolism of clinical importance (1 in 50 individuals carry the disease trait, with an average incidence of 1 in 10,000 for Caucasians). (bu.edu)

It is a source of niacin used in tissue respiration, lipid metabolism, and glycogenolysis. (medscape.com)
Severe hyperlipidemia or severe disorders of lipid metabolism characterized by hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride >1000mg/dL). (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Twenty amino acids, including nine that cannot be synthesized in humans and must be obtained through food, are involved in metabolism. (allbest.ru)
Hartnup's disease has a prevalence rate of one per 24,000 population and is one of the most common amino acid disorders in humans. (ispub.com)

Baylor Genetics assumes no responsibility for billing errors due to reliance on the CPT codes listed. (bcm.edu)
The Section of Genetics and Metabolism pursues basic research on numerous inherited conditions. (ucdenver.edu)

Daily folic acid supplementation was added 1 year later because his plasma folate level was low. (medscape.com)
The remethylation pathway comprises 2 intersecting biochemical pathways and results in the transfer of a methyl group (CH 3 ) to homocysteine from methylcobalamin, which receives its methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (an active form of folic acid), or from betaine (trimethylglycine). (medscape.com)
Folic Acid. (yudu.com)

Inborn errors of metabolism often require diet changes, with the type and extent of the changes dependant on the specific metabolic disorder. (encyclopedia.com)
Cystinuria is an inherited metabolic disorder affecting the dibasic amino acid transporter in the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidneys ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

May result in plasma amino acid imbalances, hyperammonemia, or CNS deterioration. (drugs.com)

HPLC analysis of amino acids in inborn errors of metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
In the last half-century, there have been many conceptual and technical advancements, from analysis of amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to molecular cloning of transporters for amino acids and small peptides. (routledge.com)
This test provides quantitative analysis of amino acids in Plasma. (bcm.edu)

A group of autosomal recessively inherited disorders of tyrosine metabolism associated with elevated blood concentration of tyrosine, and enhanced urinary excretion of tyrosine and tyrosyl compounds. (thefreedictionary.com)
2 a hereditary disorder involving an inborn error of metabolism of the amino acid tyrosine. (thefreedictionary.com)
Inherited disorders of tyrosine metabolism associated with elevated blood concentration of tyrosine and enhanced urinary excretion of tyrosine and tyrosyl compounds. (thefreedictionary.com)

There is defective tubular reabsorption and jejunal absorption of most neutral amino acids but not their peptides. (medassignments.com)
Neutral amino acid transport in epithelial cells and its malfunction in Hartnup disorder. (medscape.com)
Hartnup disorder is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19. (medscape.com)
Bröer A, Klingel K, Kowalczuk S, Rasko JE, Cavanaugh J, Broer S. Molecular cloning of mouse amino acid transport system B0, a neutral amino acid transporter related to Hartnup disorder. (medscape.com)
Bröer A, Juelich T, Vanslambrouck JM, Tietze N, Solomon PS, Holst J. Impaired Nutrient Signaling and Body Weight Control in a Na+ Neutral Amino Acid Cotransporter (Slc6a19)-deficient Mouse. (medscape.com)
Broer S. Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology. (medscape.com)
The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases SGK1-3 stimulate the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19. (medscape.com)
SLC3A1 encodes the type II membrane glycoprotein (rBAT), which transports neutral and basic amino acids in the renal tubule and intestinal tract. (frontiersin.org)
Also, neutral amino acids that are not transported are retained within the intestinal lumen where they are converted by bacteria to indolic compounds that can be toxic to the central nervous system. (renalandurologynews.com)
It is a sodium dependant and chloride independent neutral amino acid transporter seen predominantly in kidneys and intestine. (ispub.com)

Hereditary pellagra-like skin rash with temporary cerebellar ataxia, constant renal amino-aciduria, and other bizarre biochemical features. (medscape.com)

The amino acid serine, which is a downstream metabolite generated from betaine via the homocysteine remethylation pathway is another necessary step. (medscape.com)
Neu-Laxova syndrome, an inborn error of serine metabolism, is caused by mutations in PHGDH. (nih.gov)
This study shows that NLS represents the extreme end of a known inborn error of serine metabolism and highlights the power of genomic sequencing in revealing the unsuspected allelic nature of apparently distinct clinical entities. (nih.gov)

This screening is intended to detect inborn disorders that can result in early mortality or lifelong disability. (cdc.gov)
The Guthrie test is done as a newborn screening test to detect inborn errors of aminoacid metabolism. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

Chamber 2 contains the Amino Acid solution with Electrolytes, which comprises essential and nonessential amino acids provided with electrolytes. (rxlist.com)
Contains a sterile solution of amino acids and electrolytes in water for injection. (rxlist.com)

Microorganisms synthesize it from glucose and pyruvic acid (products of the breakdown of carbohydrates ). (britannica.com)

NBS, newborn metabolic screening, tests for inborn errors of metabolism. (thefreedictionary.com)

Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)

The first inborn errors of metabolism, which have been described in the beginning of the 20th century by Sir Archibald Garrod, dealt with alkaptonuria, pentosuria, cystinuria and albinism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
6. In the design of models for the tubular reabsorption of amino acids in health and disease, the presence of homoarginine and its excessive loss in cystinuria must be accounted for. (clinsci.org)
Cystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism that manifests with renal stones due to defective renal epithelial cell transport of cystine which resulted from pathogenic variants in the SLC3A1 and/or SLC7A9 genes. (frontiersin.org)

Methodologies for amino acid analysis in physiological fluids range from the very simple thin layer chromatography to automated low pressure or high pressure chromatography . (bvsalud.org)
Low pressure chromatography using a Beckman analyzer or similar instrument is the most common methodology for physiological amino acid analysis . (bvsalud.org)
Confirmatory testing varies depending on the initial screen and can include fatty acid oxidation probe tests on skin samples, enzyme uptake testing of skin or muscle tissue samples, enzyme assays of blood samples, DNA testing, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry. (thefreedictionary.com)
None the less, the concept of a generic technology capable of detecting several disorders by a single procedure is attractive, and single dimension paper and thin layer chromatography with ninhydrin staining has been used successfully for many years in some centres in the UK for the detection of PKU and other inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism. (bmj.com)
Chromatography is used to determine the amino acids levels in the blood. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)

To determine if such treatment improves other indicators of abnormal nitrogen metabolism such as elevated blood levels of glutamine, glycine and alanine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Treatment might include restriction of specific amino acids, restriction of total nitrogen intake, or supplementation of certain substances. (wellmark.com)
Glutamine is the major energy source for the Waterlow JC and Stephen JML (1981) Nitrogen Metabolism in small intestine, and at least part of the glutamine is Man London: Applied Science. (yudu.com)

However, patients with severe abnormalities of the genes responsible for copper metabolism may receive no benefit from copper replacement. (bioportfolio.com)

This is derived from one of the organic acids that accumulate along with the BCAAs as the disorder spirals out of control. (rarediseases.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms12

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs100

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care2

Geographicals1

Hepatocyte gene therapy in a large animal: a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia. (1/411)

Feasibility of DNA based methods for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection of propionic acidaemia. (2/411)

B and T cell immunity in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance. (3/411)

An adult-onset case of argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency presenting with atypical citrullinemia. (4/411)

Efficient mitochondrial import of newly synthesized ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) and correction of secondary metabolic alterations in spf(ash) mice following gene therapy of OTC deficiency. (5/411)

The molecular basis of a case of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency. (6/411)

Aberrations of ammonia metabolism in ornithine carbamoyltransferase-deficient spf-ash mice and their prevention by treatment with urea cycle intermediate amino acids and an ornithine aminotransferase inactivator. (7/411)

Serine 19 of human 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase is phosphorylated by cGMP protein kinase II. (8/411)

Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Amino Acids

Amino Acids, Sulfur

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Amino Acid Sequence

Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Amino Acids, Essential

Liver

Lipid Metabolism

Neonatal Screening

Amino Acids, Aromatic

Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Mutation

Metabolome

Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Energy Metabolism

Fatty Acids

Leucine

Molecular Sequence Data

Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors

Amino Acid Substitution

Metabolic Networks and Pathways

Nitrogen

Cloning, Molecular

Metabolomics

Glutamine

Base Sequence

Methionine

Alanine

Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn

Ammonia

Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn

Kinetics

Glucose

Argininosuccinic Aciduria

Hyperammonemia

Urea

Sequence Alignment

Phenylalanine

Carbon Isotopes

Transaminases

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Bacterial Proteins

Keto Acids

Phenylketonurias

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Escherichia coli

Dietary Proteins

Gene Expression Profiling

Oxidation-Reduction

Isoleucine

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Glycine

Carbon

Models, Biological

Arginine

Amino Acid Transport Systems

RNA, Messenger

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

Proteins

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Proteome

Aspartic Acid

Phenotype

Ornithine

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Mass Spectrometry

Time Factors

Carbon Radioisotopes

Aminoisobutyric Acids

Infant, Newborn

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Biological Transport

Carnitine

Citric Acid Cycle

Amino Acid Motifs

Binding Sites

Phylogeny