Amino acid chloromethyl ketones. Medical search

Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process.

An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.

An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.

A substance that is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract and may be carcinogenic.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

The metabolic substances ACETONE; 3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; and acetoacetic acid (ACETOACETATES). They are produced in the liver and kidney during FATTY ACIDS oxidation and used as a source of energy by the heart, muscle and brain.

A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Chemical compounds derived from acids by the elimination of a molecule of water.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.

Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.

Derivatives of acetic acid with one or more fluorines attached. They are almost odorless, difficult to detect chemically, and very stable. The acid itself, as well as the derivatives that are broken down in the body to the acid, are highly toxic substances, behaving as convulsant poisons with a delayed action. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An enzyme that catalyzes the release of a N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a polypeptide provided the next residue is not proline. It is inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents and occurs in mammalian tissues, microorganisms, and plants. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.19.3.

A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.

An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.

Physiologically inactive substances that can be converted to active enzymes.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the BACTEROIDES genus. This bacterium produces a cell-bound, oxygen-sensitive collagenase and is isolated from the human mouth.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

Salts and derivatives of acetoacetic acid.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 kinase in calphostin C-induced apoptosis requires caspase-3-like proteases but is dispensable for cell death. (1/1161)

Apoptosis was induced in human glioma cell lines by exposure to 100 nM calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. Calphostin C-induced apoptosis was associated with synchronous down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL as well as activation of caspase-3 but not caspase-1. The exposure to calphostin C led to activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 kinase and concurrent inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Upstream of ERK, Shc was shown to be activated, but its downstream Raf1 and ERK were inhibited. The pretreatment with acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde, a relatively selective inhibitor of caspase-3, or benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD.fmk), a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, similarly inhibited calphostin C-induced activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase as well as apoptotic nuclear damages (chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation) and cell shrinkage, suggesting that caspase-3 functions upstream of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase, but did not block calphostin C-induced surface blebbing and cell death. On the other hand, the inhibition of SAPK/JNK by transfection of dominant negative SAPK/JNK and that of p38 kinase by SB203580 induced similar effects on the calphostin C-induced apoptotic phenotypes and cell death as did z-VAD.fmk and acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde, but the calphostin C-induced PARP cleavage was not changed, suggesting that SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase are involved in the DNA fragmentation pathway downstream of caspase-3. The present findings suggest, therefore, that the activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase is dispensable for calphostin C-mediated and z-VAD.fmk-resistant cell death. (+info)

Role of hypoxia-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release in reoxygenation injury. (2/1161)

We investigated mechanisms of cell death during hypoxia/reoxygenation of cultured kidney cells. During glucose-free hypoxia, cell ATP levels declined steeply resulting in the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria. Concurrently, there was cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Cells that leaked cytochrome c underwent apoptosis after reoxygenation. ATP depletion induced by a mitochondrial uncoupler resulted in similar alterations even in the presence of oxygen. Moreover, inclusion of glucose during hypoxia prevented protein translocations and reoxygenation injury by maintaining intracellular ATP. Thus, ATP depletion, rather than hypoxia per se, was the cause of protein translocations. Overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented cytochrome c release and reoxygenation injury without ameliorating ATP depletion or Bax translocation. On the other hand, caspase inhibitors did not prevent protein translocations, but inhibited apoptosis during reoxygenation. Nevertheless, they could not confer long-term viability, since mitochondria had been damaged. Omission of glucose during reoxygenation resulted in continued failure of ATP production, and cell death with necrotic morphology. In contrast, cells expressing Bcl-2 had functional mitochondria and remained viable during reoxygenation even without glucose. Therefore, Bax translocation during hypoxia is a molecular trigger for cell death during reoxygenation. If ATP is available during reoxygenation, apoptosis develops; otherwise, death occurs by necrosis. By preserving mitochondrial integrity, BCL-2 prevents both forms of cell death and ensures cell viability. (+info)

Anti-apoptotic role of telomerase in pheochromocytoma cells. (3/1161)

Telomerase is a protein-RNA enzyme complex that adds a six-base DNA sequence (TTAGGG) to the ends of chromosomes and thereby prevents their shortening. Reduced telomerase activity is associated with cell differentiation and accelerated cellular senescence, whereas increased telomerase activity is associated with cell transformation and immortalization. Because many types of cancer have been associated with reduced apoptosis, whereas cell differentiation and senescence have been associated with increased apoptosis, we tested the hypothesis that telomerase activity is mechanistically involved in the regulation of apoptosis. Levels of telomerase activity in cultured pheochromocytoma cells decreased prior to cell death in cells undergoing apoptosis. Treatment of cells with the oligodeoxynucleotide TTAGGG or with 3,3'-diethyloxadicarbocyanine, agents that inhibit telomerase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by staurosporine, Fe2+ (an oxidative insult), and amyloid beta-peptide (a cytotoxic peptide linked to neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease). Overexpression of Bcl-2 and the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk protected cells against apoptosis in the presence of telomerase inhibitors, suggesting a site of action of telomerase prior to caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Telomerase activity decreased in cells during the process of nerve growth factor-induced differentiation, and such differentiated cells exhibited increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Our data establish a role for telomerase in suppressing apoptotic signaling cascades and suggest a mechanism whereby telomerase may suppress cellular senescence and promote tumor formation. (+info)

Monocytic cell necrosis is mediated by potassium depletion and caspase-like proteases. (4/1161)

Apoptosis is a physiological cell death that culminates in mitochondrial permeability transition and the activation of caspases, a family of cysteine proteases. Necrosis, in contrast, is a pathological cell death characterized by swelling of the cytoplasm and mitochondria and rapid plasma membrane disruption. Necrotic cell death has long been opposed to apoptosis, but it now appears that both pathways involve mitochondrial permeability transition, raising the question of what mediates necrotic cell death. In this study, we investigated mechanisms that promote necrosis induced by various stimuli (Clostridium difficile toxins, Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin, ouabain, nigericin) in THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, and in monocytes. All stimuli induced typical features of necrosis and triggered protease-mediated release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and CD14 in both cell types. K+ depletion was actively implicated in necrosis because substituting K+ for Na+ in the extracellular medium prevented morphological features of necrosis and IL-1beta release. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, prevented morphological features of necrosis, plasma membrane destruction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, IL-1beta release, and CD14 shedding induced by all stimuli. Thus, in monocytic cells, necrosis is a cell death pathway mediated by passive K+ efflux and activation of caspase-like proteases. (+info)

Identification of megalin/gp330 as a receptor for lipoprotein(a) in vitro. (5/1161)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein of unknown physiological function. The mechanism of Lp(a) atherogenicity as well as its catabolic pathways are only incompletely understood at present. In this report, we show that the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family member megalin/glycoprotein (gp) 330 is capable of binding and mediating the cellular uptake and degradation of Lp(a) in vitro. A mouse embryonic yolk sac cell line with native expression of megalin/gp330 but genetically deficient in LDLR-related protein (LRP) and a control cell line carrying a double knockout for both LRP and megalin/gp330 were compared with regard to their ability to bind, internalize, and degrade dioctadecyltetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-fluorescence-labeled Lp(a) as well as equimolar amounts of 125I-labeled Lp(a) and LDL. Uptake and degradation of radiolabeled Lp(a) by the megalin/gp330-expressing cells were, on average, 2-fold higher than that of control cells. This difference could be completely abolished by addition of the receptor-associated protein, an inhibitor of ligand binding to megalin/gp330. Mutual suppression of the uptake of 125I-Lp(a) and of 125I-LDL by both unlabeled Lp(a) and LDL suggested that Lp(a) uptake is mediated at least partially by apolipoprotein B100. Binding and uptake of DiI-Lp(a) resulted in strong signals on megalin/gp330-expressing cells versus background only on control cells. In addition, we show that purified megalin/gp330, immobilized on a sensor chip, directly binds Lp(a) in a Ca2+-dependent manner with an affinity similar to that for LDL. We conclude that megalin/gp330 binds Lp(a) in vitro and is capable of mediating its cellular uptake and degradation. (+info)

Caspase-dependent activation of calpain during drug-induced apoptosis. (6/1161)

We have previously demonstrated that calpain is responsible for the cleavage of Bax, a proapoptotic protein, during drug-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells (Wood, D. E., Thomas, A., Devi, L. A., Berman, Y., Beavis, R. C., Reed, J. C., and Newcomb, E. W. (1998) Oncogene 17, 1069-1078). Here we show the sequential activation of caspases and calpain during drug-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Time course experiments using the topoisomerase I inhibitor 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin revealed that cleavage of caspase-3 substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the retinoblastoma protein as well as DNA fragmentation occurred several hours before calpain activation and Bax cleavage. Pretreatment with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin blocked calpain activation and Bax cleavage but did not inhibit PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, or 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin-induced morphological changes and cell death. Pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk) inhibited PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, calpain activation, and Bax cleavage and increased cell survival by 40%. Interestingly, Z-VAD-fmk-treated cells died in a caspase- and calpain-independent manner that appeared morphologically distinct from apoptosis. Our results suggest that excessive or uncontrolled calpain activity may play a role downstream of and distinct from caspases in the degradation phase of apoptosis. (+info)

Essential role of caspase-3 in apoptosis of mouse beta-cells transfected with human Fas. (7/1161)

Several recent studies have indicated that the Fas-Fas ligand system may be critical for pancreatic beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Although the fundamental roles of caspases in the mammalian apoptotic machinery have been elucidated, it is not known which caspase or caspases play a major role in Fas-mediated apoptosis of beta-cells. In this study, we transfected human Fas cDNA into a mouse beta-cell line (betaTC1) and established a beta-cell clone expressing human Fas. This clone, designated hFas/betaTC1, underwent apoptosis when exposed to anti-Fas, showing hallmarks of apoptosis (chromatin condensation, nucleolar disintegration, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and annexin V staining), indicating that the mouse beta-cell line has the intact machinery of Fas-mediated apoptosis. The cross-linking of Fas by anti-Fas resulted in the elevation of caspase-3-like, but not caspase-1-like, protease activity 2-12 h after the addition of the anti-Fas. A caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone, attenuated the Fas-mediated beta-cell apoptosis, while a caspase-1 inhibitor, acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone, failed to suppress the apoptosis. Thus the Fas-induced death signal apparently bypassed caspase-1 in the cells. Furthermore, an antisense caspase-3 construct blocked caspase-3 activation and substantially suppressed Fas-triggered apoptosis of hFas/betaTC1 cells. These observations suggest the essential role of caspase-3 in Fas-mediated apoptosis of the beta-cell line. (+info)

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis of NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons is a reversible event. (8/1161)

During apoptosis induced by various stimuli, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into the cytosol where it participates in caspase activation. This process has been proposed to be an irreversible consequence of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, which leads to mitochondrial swelling and rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Here we present data demonstrating that NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons protected from apoptosis by caspase inhibitors possess mitochondria which, though depleted of cytochrome c and reduced in size, remained structurally intact as viewed by electron microscopy. After re-exposure of neurons to NGF, mitochondria recovered their normal size and their cytochrome c content, by a process requiring de novo protein synthesis. Altogether, these data suggest that depletion of cytochrome c from mitochondria is a controlled process compatible with function recovery. The ability of sympathetic neurons to recover fully from trophic factor deprivation provided irreversible caspase inhibitors have been present during the insult period, has therapeutical implications for a number of acute neuropathologies. (+info)

The phenylalanine moiety is bound to the enzyme because of specificity for aromatic amino acid residues at the active site (as ... Tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) is a protease inhibitor. Its structural formula is 1-chloro-3-tosylamido-4-phenyl ... The chloromethyl group reacts with the active site cysteine to form a covalent bond with the loss of the chlorine. TPCK is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosyl_phenylalanyl_chloromethyl_ketone

It is a popular method of producing β-amino acids from α-amino acids. Aside from the acid chloride substrate, three reagents ... Not taking diazomethane in excess results in HCl reacting with the diazoketone to form chloromethyl ketone and N2. Mild ... Acid anhydrides can be used in place of acid chloride. The reaction yields a 1:1 mixture of the homologated acid and the ... The preparation of the beta-amino acid from phenylalanine illustrates the Arndt-Eistert synthesis carried out with the Newman- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arndt–Eistert_reaction

TAILS is also compatible with Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). COFRADIC was the earliest ... Zymogen/enzyme discrimination using peptide chloromethyl ketones J. Biol. Chem., 264 (13) 7536-7545 (1989). Kidd D., Liu Y., ... Standard peptides synthesized from amino acids labeled with stable isotope atoms serve as internal standards for serial ... enzymatic activity profiling in complex proteomes Amino Acids, 30 (4) 333-350 (2006). Greenbaum D.C., Baruch A., Grainger M., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradomics

... cuts peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine. It is used for numerous ... The activity of trypsin is not affected by the enzyme inhibitor tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, TPCK, which deactivates ... This means that trypsin predominantly cleaves proteins at the carboxyl side (or "C-terminal side") of the amino acids lysine ... The peptide products are then further hydrolyzed into amino acids via other proteases, rendering them available for absorption ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsin

... ester Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, O-(4- ... chloromethyl) ketone Bitoscanate Boron trichloride Boron trifluoride Boron trifluoride compound with dimethyl ether (1:1) ... Chlormequat chloride Chloroacetic acid 2-chloroethanol Chloroethyl chloroformate Chloroform Chloromethyl ether Chloromethyl ... 4-amino- Pyridine, 4-nitro-, 1-oxide Pyriminil Ricin Salcomine Sarin Selenious acid Semicarbazide hydrochloride Silane, (4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPA_list_of_extremely_hazardous_substances

The mechanism requires zinc and acetic acid as catalysts. It will proceed at room temperature. Because α-amino-ketones self- ... The 5-methyl group can be variously oxidized to chloromethyl, aldehyde, or carboxylic acid functionality by the use of ... The method involves the reaction of an α-amino-ketone (1) and a compound containing an electron-withdrawing group (e.g. an ... and tertiary-butyl groups can be removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, or boiling aqueous acetic acid. R1 and R3 (as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorr_pyrrole_synthesis

... chloromethyl ketone formation (4) with hydrochloric acid, organic reduction of chlorine to methylketone (5), ketone ... Has been used to convert β-amino esters from α-amino esters through an ynolate intermediate. Seyferth-Gilbert homologation in ... pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with 2 carbon atoms less. The original ... Arndt-Eistert reaction is a series of chemical reactions designed to convert a carboxylic acid to a higher carboxylic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologation_reaction

... and trypsin with amino acid and peptide thioesters: development of new sensitive substrates". Biochemistry. 20 (25): 7196-206. ... "Synthesis of tripeptide chloromethyl ketones and examination of their inhibitory effects on plasmin and plasma kallikrein". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_kallikrein

... iodoacetic acid, EDTA or by other serine protease inhibitors like Nα-Tosyl-Lys Chloromethyl Ketone (TLCK) and Nα-Tosyl-Phe ... the enzyme digests proteins preferentially after hydrophobic amino acids (aliphatic, aromatic and other hydrophobic amino acids ... N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethyl-ketone (TLCK), or N-alpha-Tosyl-l-phenylalanine Chloromethyl Ketone (TPCK), although ... Jany KD, Lederer G, Mayer B (1986). "Amino acid sequence of proteinase K from the mold Tritirachium album Limber". FEBS Lett. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinase_K

... tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone MeSH D12.125.067.500 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.067.500.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH ... 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate MeSH D12.125.072.050 - amino acids, aromatic MeSH D12.125.072.050.342 - dextrothyroxine MeSH ... 2-aminoadipic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170 - aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.150 - d-aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.119.170.275 - ... aspartic acid MeSH D12.125.427.300 - glutamic acid MeSH D12.125.481.100 - allylglycine MeSH D12.125.481.700 - n-substituted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.125)

The amino acid serine is a source of natural formaldehyde according to this reaction, which produces glycine: HOCH2CH(NH2)CO2H ... Transition metal complexes of aldehydes and ketones includes several complexes of formaldehyde. 1,3-Dioxetane DMDM hydantoin ... the product is the chloromethyl compound, as described in the Blanc chloromethylation. If the arene is electron-rich, as in ... It is formed in the metabolism of the amino acids serine and threonine and is found in the bloodstream of humans and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde

In the next step the vinyl silane 11 reacts with peracetic acid in acetic acid in a radical substitution to the dilactone 12 ... The newly formed ketone group then forms another C-C bond by photochemical Norrish reaction to 19 whose alcohol group is ... Amino-dodecahedranes comparable to amantadine have been prepared, but were more toxic and with weaker antiviral effects. ... with the immediate reaction product trapped with chloromethyl phenyl ether, the other chlorine atom in 17 is simply reduced. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecahedrane

Other unsaturated functional groups-alkynes, imines, ketones, and aldehydes. An example is the hydrosilation of phenylacetylene ... More specialized derivatives that find commercial applications include dichloromethylphenylsilane, trichloro(chloromethyl) ... Synthesis and Structure of a Base-Stabilized C-Phosphino-Si-Amino Silyne. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49: 6585- ... reaction for the synthesis of this compound class is by heating hexaalkyldisiloxanes R3SiOSiR3 with concentrated sulfuric acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosilicon_compound

... tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone MeSH D02.455.426.559.389.832.710 - tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone MeSH D02.455.426.559. ... trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid MeSH D02.640.600.200 - 5-amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole MeSH D02.640.600.290 - ... tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone MeSH D02.886.590.887.660 - tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone MeSH D02.886.640.150 - ... quinic acid MeSH D02.241.511.852 - shikimic acid MeSH D02.241.511.902 - sugar acids MeSH D02.241.511.902.107 - ascorbic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones Concept ...

https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/vocab-mesh-amino-acid-chloromethyl-ketones

... which undergoes proteolysis at specific pairs of basic amino acids to yield bigET-1. Production of ET-1 then proceeds by ... Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / pharmacology * Amino Acid Sequence * Animals * Cattle * Endothelin-1 ... which undergoes proteolysis at specific pairs of basic amino acids to yield bigET-1. Production of ET-1 then proceeds by ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7729512/?dopt=Abstract

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones Entry term(s). Chloromethyl Ketones, Peptide Ketones, Peptide Chloromethyl Peptide Chloromethyl ... Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones - Preferred Concept UI. M0000915. Scope note. Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and ... specific amino acid (1966-1976). Public MeSH Note:. 77; TOSYLLYSINE CHLOROMETHYL KETONE was see under LYSINE 1975-76; ... Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones [D12.125.065] Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones * Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone [D12.125. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=594

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones. 1. + 651. Arbutin. 1. + 652. MAP Kinase Kinase 4. 1. + ...

https://lookfordiagnosis.com/results.php?symptoms=Melanoma%3B%20Malignant%20Melanoma&lang=1&parent=%2F&mode=F&therapy_ap=1

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones. *Amino Acids, Acidic. *Amino Acids, Basic. *Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ... "Amino Acids, Neutral" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Amino Acids, Neutral" was a major or minor ... "Amino Acids, Neutral" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Amino%20Acids,%20Neutral

The deduced amino-acid sequence shows extensive similarity to cysteine proteases of other parasitic protozoa, as well as papain ... Both peptidyl chloromethyl ketones and peptidyl phosphonate diphenyl esters inhibited trypsin-like peptidases of the parasites ... Instead, it had activity toward substrates of trypsin-like enzymes, particularly those that have basic amino acids in both P(1 ... The enzyme has trypsin-like specificity since it cleaved fluorogenic peptides that have basic amino acid residues (Arg or Lys) ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Eccles,+J+D

Ketones, Methyl Propyl use Pentanones Ketones, Peptide Chloromethyl use Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ... Ketone, Tosyllysine Chloromethyl use Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone Ketone, Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl use ... Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Ketol-Isomerase, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose-6-Phosphate use Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate ... Ketone, Methyl n-Butyl use Methyl n-Butyl Ketone ... Kainic Acid Receptor use Receptors, Kainic Acid Kainic Acid ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2018_Alfab-K.htm

Comparison of the amino acid composition of TR-1 fractions from normal and CF individuals revealed no significant differences, ... with trypsin-L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, three fractions (TR-1, TR-2 and TR-3) were observed upon ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/26918

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones. Apoptosis. Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins. Blotting, Western. Caspase Inhibitors ...

https://isharonline.org/tags/acetylcysteine/

Crystal Structure of Glu-Gly-Arg-Chloromethyl Ketone-Factor VIIa/Soluble Tissue Factor Complex. ... amino]-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-benzoic acid. ... 2017) Nucleic Acids Res doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx922. Letunic et al ... Crystal structure of human FXA in complex with methyl (2Z)-3-[(3-chloro-1H-indol-7-yl)amino]-2-cyano-3-{[(3S)-2-oxo-1-(2-oxo-2- ... Mg2+ Is Required for Optimal Folding of the Gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla) Domains of Vitamin K-Dependent Clotting Factors At ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=EGF_like&START=1056&END=1096&E_VALUE=3.04e1&TYPE=SMART&BLAST=LCDLQPDFCLNDGKCDIMPGHGAICRCRVGSNWWYRGQHCE

Ketones, Monoterpene use Monoterpene Aldehydes and Ketones Ketones, Peptide Chloromethyl use Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ... Ketone, Tosyllysine Chloromethyl use Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone Ketone, Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl use ... Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Ketol-Isomerase, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose-6-Phosphate use Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate ... Ketone, Methyl n-Butyl use Methyl n-Butyl Ketone ... Kainic Acid Receptor use Receptors, Kainic Acid Kainic Acid ...

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/I/DeCS2020_Alfab-K.htm

Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, methyl ester (C8H9NO2) ... Phenyl tert-butyl ketone (C11H14O). *Benzamide, N-methyl- (C8H9 ... Oxirane, (chloromethyl)- (C3H5ClO). *Naphthalene, 2-chloro- (C10H7Cl) ... Benzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-butyl ester (C11H14O3) ... Acetic acid, methyl ester (C3H6O2). *Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Source=1996ZEN%2FCHU656-666&Units=CAL&Mask=2000

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/DeCS2019_Alfab-K.htm

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/DeCS2017_Alfab-K.htm

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/DeCS2017_Alfab-K.htm

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/I/DeCS2017_Alfab-K.htm

It is derived from a 34kDa inactive precursor zymogen, trypsinogen, after enzymatic removal of an n-termial 6-amino acid leader ... It is derived from a 34kDa inactive precursor zymogen, trypsinogen, after enzymatic removal of an n-termial 6-amino acid leader ... The GenDEPOTs Sequencing Grade Trypsin is treated with L-(tosylamido-2-phenyl) ethyl chloromethyl ketone to inhibit ...

https://gendepot.net/products/trypsin-mass-sequencing-grade

Separation of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins by high-performance liquid chromatography on phenylalkyl support ... I. Reaction with the chloromethyl ketones of phenylalanine and lysine and with phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride ... Amino acid sequence analysis of reverse transcriptase subunits from avian myeloblastosis virus ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37680247

Residue substitution R374I (B numbering) is only 3 amino acids long and does have a proven effect on NAI susceptibility. To ... 2 mL/well minimal essential medium supplemented with 2 mg/mL tosyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone trypsin was added. Cells ... B/Morocco/CP10/2015 harboured amino acid substitution K371N (B numbering) located among the highly conserved catalytic NA ... and are associated with amino acid substitutions at the conserved NA residues or in surrounding locations (8). ...

http://www.emro.who.int/ar/emhj-volume-22-2016/volume-22-issue-7/detection-of-influenza-b-viruses-with-reduced-sensitivity-to-neuraminidase-inhibitor-in-morocco-during-201415-season.html

The amino acid polymorphisms in positions 299 and 399 determine the differences in the structure of the extracellular domain ... l-lysine chloromethyl ketone), not only reduced NF-κB activation in sciatic nerves of diabetic rats, but also improved nerve ... They lead to amino acid exchanges in positions 299 (Asp299Gly) and 399 (Thr399Ile). It has been shown that the presence of ... Vinik AI, Leichter SB, Pittenger GL, Stansberry KB, Holland MT, Powers AC, Suwanwalaikorn S: Phospholipid and glutamic acid ...

https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/27/1/179/26639/Asp299Gly-and-Thr399Ile-Genotypes-of-the-TLR4-Gene

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones. *Amino Acids, Acidic. *Amino Acids, Basic. *Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ... An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. ... Effects of a drink containing creatine, amino acids, and protein combined with ten weeks of resistance training on body ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/display/6207

Compound (II) was synthesized through the inter-mediate chloro-methyl hydroxyl 7 (Fig.?2 ?). Chloro-methyl ketone 6 (860?mg, ... 2-Chloro-4-nitro-benzoic acid (52?mg, 0.256?mmol), 3-[3-(di-methyl-amino)-prop-yl]-1-ethyl-carbodi-imide hydro-chloride (49?mg ... Posted in: Acid sensing ion channel 3 ⋅ Tagged: 135/120 kDa, Epothilone D, expressed on normal platelets and megakaryocytes. ... One compound has a 3-amino-2-hy-droxy-4-(phenyl-sulfan-yl)butyl group with this position (CSD refcode QONJUY; Inaba HCl (2?ml ...

http://healthweblognews.info/tag/expressed-on-normal-platelets-and-megakaryocytes-cd41-antigen-acts-as-a-receptor-for-fibrinogen/

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones [D12.125.065] + Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones + * Amino Acids, Acidic [D12.125.067] + ... A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by ... A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by ... It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=412&filter=ths_exact_term&q=Alanina

The turkey isolates and A/swine/NC/29974/02 differed at only seven amino acids, two of which (residues 137 and 226) were in the ... ethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)-treated trypsin. Briefly, the samples were add to monolayers of MDCK cells and incubated for 1 ... To investigate the possible mechanisms of avian adaptation, we compared the amino acid sequences of the HA1 proteins of the ... Ongoing reverse genetics experiments will help to identify the relative contributions of these amino acids to avian adaptation. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/12/04-0581_article

... adipic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, dimeric fatty acids, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and azelaic ... ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, or chlorinated aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as ... amino, urethane and (thio)urea groups. Polymers which can be employed include both condensation polymers and addition polymers. ... chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide, the bis(2,5-epoxypropyl) ether of diphenylolpropane or ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/20030208026

2-[(4-cyanophenyl)amino]acetic acid. 42288-26-6. 3-[[[2-[[(4-Cyanophenyl)amino]methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbonyl] ... "4-Chloro-4-fluoro-butyrophenone (OR) 3-Chloropropyl-4-fluorophenyl ketone". 3874-54-2. ... 3,4 Dimethoxy-2-chloromethyl pyridine Hydrochloride. 72830-09-2. 5-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-mercapto-1H- benzimidazole. 97963-62-7. ... Ethyl 4-amino-3-methoxypiperidine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride. 83863-71-2. 4-Amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(3-methoxy-piperidin-4- ...

https://mumglobal.com/intermediates/

The GenDEPOT's Sequencing Grade Trypsin is treated with L-(tosylamido-2-phenyl) ethyl chloromethyl ketone to inhibit contaminating chymotryptic activity, chemically modified to promote stability and further purified to remove autolysis fragments, resulting in a highly stable trypsin product resistant to autolysis while retaining specificity. (gendepot.net)
We isolated influenza viruses from each farm by using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells supplemented with 1 μg/mL L-(tosylamido-2-phenyl) ethyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK)-treated trypsin. (cdc.gov)
2) Glucose was easily converted into ethyl glucoside (EG) through Brønsted acid sites and then formed EMF. (biomedcentral.com)

Amino Acids, Neutral" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Advances for EMF synthesis over homogeneous (i.e. inorganic acids and soluble metal salts), heterogeneous catalysts (i.e. zeolites, heteropolyacid-based hybrids, sulfonic acid-functionalized catalysts, and others) or mixed-acid catalysts were performed as well. (biomedcentral.com)

It is derived from a 34kDa inactive precursor zymogen, trypsinogen, after enzymatic removal of an n-termial 6-amino acid leader sequence resulting in the 23.8kDa trypsin molecule. (gendepot.net)
Amino acid sequence of p15 from avian myeloblastosis virus complex. (wikidata.org)

It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (bvsalud.org)

At present, EMF is usually synthesized from biomass sugars (i.e. glucose, fructose, inulin) over the acid catalyst in ethanol. (biomedcentral.com)

An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. (ouhsc.edu)
A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. (bvsalud.org)

Effects of a drink containing creatine, amino acids, and protein combined with ten weeks of resistance training on body composition, strength, and anaerobic performance. (ouhsc.edu)

You will learn how to model acid-base equilibria in Reaction Lab using pKa values, how to model pH dependent reactions, how to fit pKa values to a titration curve, and how Reaction Lab handles charged compounds, radicals and carbenes. (scale-up.com)

The frequency of the amino acid substitution D222G in the hemagglutinin (HA) of 2009 H1N1 viruses isolated from severe but not mild human cases represents the first molecular marker associated with enhanced disease. (cdc.gov)

2R)-2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-2-methyl-D-erythropentonic Acid γ-Lactone 3,5-Dibenzoate is a reactant used in the synthesis of 1'-C-cyano-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl pyrimidine nucleosides as HCV polymerase inhibitors. (globalchemmall.com)

The peptide is initially synthesized as an inactive precursor (proET-1) which undergoes proteolysis at specific pairs of basic amino acids to yield bigET-1. (nih.gov)

Comparison of the amino acid composition of TR-1 fractions from normal and CF individuals revealed no significant differences, while the TR-2 fractions from these mucins showed noticeable differences. (who.int)

A sequence of about forty amino-acid residues found in epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown [ ( PUBMED:2288911 ) ( PUBMED:6334307 ) ( PUBMED:3534958 ) ( PUBMED:6607417 ) ( PUBMED:3282918 ) ] to be present in a large number of membrane-bound and extracellular, mostly animal, proteins. (embl.de)

Peptidases from larval instars were active from 10°C to 60°C, with optimal activity at temperatures between 37°C and 50°C. The proteolytic profile of both the larval and pupal stages was inhibited by phenyl-methyl sulfonyl-fluoride (PMSF) and Nα-Tosyl L-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride (TLCK), indicating that the main peptidases expressed during these developmental stages are trypsin-like serine peptidases. (biomedcentral.com)

For metabolized to reactive electro- icity in humans, but the classification bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME), the philes. (who.int)

Borates, such as Trimethyl borate, behave similarly to esters in that they react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. (lookchem.com)

The type of death was apoptotic by several criteria, including induction by Fas, inhibition by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk (zVal-Ala-Asp-fluoro-methyl ketone), activation of DEVDase activity (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp protease), specific cleavage of caspase-3, DNA fragmentation, and increased Annexin-V labeling. (nih.gov)

Although sulfonation has traditionally been thought of as involving the reaction of an organic compound with an inorganic sulfonating agent, a number of important sulfonated materials are made by reaction of a sulfonic acid with an organic compound t o yield a new sulfonic acid with markedly different properties. (datapdf.com)

The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. (uams.edu)
Both enantiomers of the major diastereomer of 2-(1--phenyl)ethylamino-4-thioxo-4-phenoxy-1,3,4-thiazaphosphol-2-ine were obtained in optically pure form by the reaction of O--phenyl(chloromethyl)isothiophosphonate with ( R)-(+)- and ( S)-(-)-(1-phenyl)ethylamine. (nationallizenzen.de)
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. (lookchem.com)

L-Glutamic acid compd. (nih.gov)

0004] Polydiorganosiloxane polyamides have been prepared by condensation reactions of amino terminated polydiorganosiloxanes with short-chained dicarboxylic acids. (epo.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Amino Acids, Branched-Chain" by people in this website by year, and whether "Amino Acids, Branched-Chain" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Amino Acids, Branched-Chain" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
The Role of Elevated Branched-Chain Amino Acids in the Effects of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy to Reduce Weight and Improve Glucose Regulation. (ucdenver.edu)
Preconception Micronutrient Supplementation Reduced Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids at 12 Weeks Gestation in an Open Trial of Guatemalan Women Who Are Overweight or Obese. (ucdenver.edu)

Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. (ucdenver.edu)
As previously d e k e d by Lisk (223), the formation of sulfonic acids (sulfur-to-carbon bond) and sulfamic acids (sulfur-tonitrogen bond) is the subject of primary consideration. (datapdf.com)

The common name of this substance comes from its similarity and relation to formic acid . (cloudfront.net)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)

It has been shown that, in presence of alkali-metal alkoxides, dialkylphosphorous acids readily add to maleic acid and to maleic and fumaric esters. (nationallizenzen.de)

yield (dialk-oxyphosphinylsuccinic acids and their eskers). (nationallizenzen.de)

Abbreviations em CC /em 50Compound focus necessary to decrease cell viability by 50%CPECytopathic effectHAHemagglutininIC50Compound focus necessary to inhibit trojan plaque creation by 50%MDCKMadin-Darby canine kidney cellsNANeuraminidaseS.D.Regular deviationsSISelectivity indexTPCKl-1-Tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone Supplementary Components Supplementary materials are available at www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/8/1700/s1, references [56,57,58,59,60,61,62] are cited in the supplementary components. (inno-406.info)

A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure. (bvsalud.org)

indications are that high fat levels lead to production of bile acids (17), which may have a cocarcinogenic effect. (nih.gov)

Anatomy2

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes15

Information Science3

Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 kinase in calphostin C-induced apoptosis requires caspase-3-like proteases but is dispensable for cell death. (1/1161)

Role of hypoxia-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release in reoxygenation injury. (2/1161)

Anti-apoptotic role of telomerase in pheochromocytoma cells. (3/1161)

Monocytic cell necrosis is mediated by potassium depletion and caspase-like proteases. (4/1161)

Identification of megalin/gp330 as a receptor for lipoprotein(a) in vitro. (5/1161)

Caspase-dependent activation of calpain during drug-induced apoptosis. (6/1161)

Essential role of caspase-3 in apoptosis of mouse beta-cells transfected with human Fas. (7/1161)

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis of NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons is a reversible event. (8/1161)

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones

Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone

Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone

Ketones

Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether

Protease Inhibitors

Serine Proteinase Inhibitors

Ketone Bodies

Isoflurophate

Amino Acids

Anhydrides

Peptide Hydrolases

Trifluoroacetic Acid

Dansyl Compounds

Fluoroacetates

Serine Endopeptidases

Kinetics

Amino Acid Sequence

Pyroglutamyl-Peptidase I

Pancreatic Elastase

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Endopeptidases

p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid

Substrate Specificity

Molecular Weight

Binding Sites

Chymotrypsin

Tosyl Compounds

Trypsin Inhibitors

Cysteine Endopeptidases

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Treponema

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Substitution

Leupeptins

Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride

Enzyme Precursors

Peptide Fragments

Structure-Activity Relationship

Thrombin

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Hydrolysis

Cloning, Molecular

Trypsin

Affinity Labels

Cell Line

Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors

Cysteine

Oligopeptides

Cycloheximide

Bacteroides

NF-kappa B

Protein Precursors

Amino Acids, Essential

Cattle

Methyl n-Butyl Ketone

Amino Acid Transport Systems

Acetoacetates

Sequence Alignment

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid

Enzyme Activation

Fluorescent Dyes

Base Sequence

Amino Acid Motifs

Cells, Cultured

Protein Conformation

Escherichia coli

Mutation

Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 kinase in calphostin C-induced apoptosis requires caspase-3-like proteases but is dispensable for cell death. (1/1161)

Role of hypoxia-induced Bax translocation and cytochrome c release in reoxygenation injury. (2/1161)

Anti-apoptotic role of telomerase in pheochromocytoma cells. (3/1161)

Monocytic cell necrosis is mediated by potassium depletion and caspase-like proteases. (4/1161)

Identification of megalin/gp330 as a receptor for lipoprotein(a) in vitro. (5/1161)

Caspase-dependent activation of calpain during drug-induced apoptosis. (6/1161)

Essential role of caspase-3 in apoptosis of mouse beta-cells transfected with human Fas. (7/1161)

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis of NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons is a reversible event. (8/1161)

Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK (General Caspase Inhibitor) - Antibodies & Reagents Flow Cytometry Reagents, Recombinant Proteins, PCR Reagents

benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone Summary Report | CureHunter

Plus it

$Gentaur Molecular :Biovis \ Z ATAD FMK5 mg \ 1152-5$ Gentaur Molecular :Biovis \ Z ATAD FMK5 mg \ 1152-5

$Gentaur Molecular :Biovis \ Z VEID FMK1 mg \ 1146-1$ Gentaur Molecular :Biovis \ Z VEID FMK1 mg \ 1146-1

Z-VAD-FMK | カスパーゼ阻害剤&活性剤