Amide synthases. Medical search

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of either ammonia or an amide with another molecule, in which the linkage is in the form of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.1.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides.

A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.

An enzyme that converts UDP glucosamine into chitin and UDP. EC 2.4.1.16.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.

A species of monogenetic, parasitic protozoa usually found in insects.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.

A suborder of monoflagellate parasitic protozoa that lives in the blood and tissues of man and animals. Representative genera include: Blastocrithidia, Leptomonas, CRITHIDIA, Herpetomonas, LEISHMANIA, Phytomonas, and TRYPANOSOMA. Species of this suborder may exist in two or more morphologic stages formerly named after genera exemplifying these forms - amastigote (LEISHMANIA), choanomastigote (CRITHIDIA), promastigote (Leptomonas), opisthomastigote (Herpetomonas), epimastigote (Blastocrithidia), and trypomastigote (TRYPANOSOMA).

The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

Written or other literary works whose subject matter is medical or about the profession of medicine and related areas.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).

Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p203)

All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in relieving pain and reducing fever. However, individuals who are hypersensitive to ASPIRIN may tolerate sodium salicylate. In general, this salicylate produces the same adverse reactions as ASPIRIN, but there is less occult gastrointestinal bleeding. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p120)

A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.

Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodiester bond. Acyl groups are bound as thiol esters to the pantothenyl group. Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system.

Low-molecular-weight compounds produced by microorganisms that aid in the transport and sequestration of ferric iron. (The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.

Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 2 molecules of glutamate from glutamine plus alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH. EC 1.4.1.13.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Using genomic information to investigate the function of ThiI, an enzyme shared between thiamin and 4-thiouridine biosynthesis. (1/66)

The gene thiI encodes a protein (ThiI) that plays a role in the transfer of sulfur from cysteine to both thiamin and 4-thiouridine, but the reaction catalyzed by ThiI remains undetermined. Based upon sequence alignments, ThiI shares a unique "P-loop" motif with the PPi synthetase family, four enzymes that catalyze adenylation and subsequent substitution of carbonyl oxygens. To test whether or not this motif is critical for ThiI function, the Asp in the motif was converted to Ala (D189A), and a screen for in vivo 4-thiouridine production revealed the altered enzyme to be inactive. Further scrutiny of sequence data and the crystal structures of two members of the PPi synthetase family implicated Lys321 in the proposed adenylation function of ThiI, and the critical nature of Lys321 has been demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis and genetic screening. Our results, then, indicate that ThiI catalyzes the adenylation of a substrate at the expense of ATP, a narrowing of possible reactions that provides a strong new basis for deducing the early steps in the transfer of sulfur from cysteine to both thiamin and 4-thiouridine. (+info)

Identification of the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces spheroides NCIB 11891. (2/66)

The novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces spheroides NCIB 11891 was cloned by using homologous deoxynucleoside diphosphate (dNDP)-glucose 4,6-dehydratase gene fragments as probes. Double-stranded sequencing of 25.6 kb revealed the presence of 23 putative open reading frames (ORFs), including the gene for novobiocin resistance, gyrB(r), and at least 11 further ORFs to which a possible role in novobiocin biosynthesis could be assigned. An insertional inactivation experiment with a dNDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase fragment resulted in abolishment of novobiocin production, since biosynthesis of the deoxysugar moiety of novobiocin was blocked. Heterologous expression of a key enzyme of novobiocin biosynthesis, i.e., novobiocic acid synthetase, in Streptomyces lividans TK24 further confirmed the involvement of the analyzed genes in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic. (+info)

Cloning, overexpression, and purification of novobiocic acid synthetase from Streptomyces spheroides NCIMB 11891. (3/66)

Novobiocic acid synthetase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic novobiocin, was cloned from the novobiocin producer Streptomyces spheroides NCIMB 11891. The enzyme is encoded by the gene novL, which codes for a protein of 527 amino acids with a calculated mass of 56,885 Da. The protein was overexpressed as a His(6) fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography and gel chromatography. The purified enzyme catalyzed the formation of an amide bond between 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (ring A of novobiocin) and 3-amino-4,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl coumarin (ring B of novobiocin) in an ATP-dependent reaction. NovL shows homology to the superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes, and indeed the formation of an acyl adenylate from ring A and ATP was demonstrated by an ATP-PP(i) exchange assay. The purified enzyme exhibited both activation and transferase activity, i.e. it catalyzed both the activation of ring A as acyl adenylate and the subsequent transfer of the acyl group to the amino group of ring B. It is active as a monomer as determined by gel filtration chromatography. The reaction was specific for ATP as nucleotide triphosphate and dependent on the presence of Mg(2+) or Mn(2+). Apparent K(m) values for ring A and ring B were determined as 19 and 131 micrometer respectively. Of several analogues of ring A, only 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and to a lesser extent 3-methyl-4-aminobenzoate were accepted as substrates. (+info)

Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata. (4/66)

Trypanothione [N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine] is a unique metabolite found only in trypanosomatids, where it subsumes many of the functions of GSH in other organisms. In Crithidia fasciculata, two distinct ATP-dependent ligases, glutathionylspermidine synthetase (GspS; EC 6.3.1.8) and trypanothione synthetase (TryS; EC 6.3.1.9), are involved in the synthesis of trypanothione from GSH and spermidine. Both enzymes have been cloned previously, but expression in Escherichia coli produced insoluble and inactive protein. Here we report on the successful expression of soluble (His)6-tagged C. fasciculata GspS in E. coli. Following purification using nickel-chelating affinity chromatography, the tag sequence was removed and the enzyme purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange chromatography. The kinetic parameters of the recombinant enzyme have been determined using a coupled enzyme assay and also by HPLC analysis of end-product formation. Under optimal conditions (0.1 M K+-Hepes, pH 7.3) GspS has synthetase activity with apparent K(m) values for GSH, spermidine and MgATP of 242, 59 and 114 microM respectively, and a k(cat) of 15.5 s(-1). Glutathionylspermidine is formed as end product and the enzyme lacks TryS activity. Like E. coli GspS, the recombinant enzyme also possesses amidase activity (EC 3.5.1.78), hydrolysing glutathionylspermidine to GSH and spermidine with a k(cat) of 0.38 s(-1) and a K(m) of 500 microM. GspS can also hydrolyse trypanothione at about 1.5% of the rate with glutathionylspermidine. A single amino acid mutation (Cys-79-->Ala) is shown to ablate the amidase activity without affecting the synthetase activity. (+info)

A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi. (5/66)

Protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida differ from other organisms in their ability to conjugate glutathione (l-gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) and spermidine to form trypanothione [N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine], a metabolite involved in defense against chemical and oxidant stress and other biosynthetic functions. In Crithidia fasciculata, trypanothione is synthesized from GSH and spermidine via the intermediate glutathionylspermidine in two distinct ATP-dependent reactions catalyzed by glutathionylspermidine synthetase (GspS; EC ) and trypanothione synthetase (TryS; EC ), respectively. Here we have cloned a single copy gene (TcTryS) from Trypanosoma cruzi encoding a protein with 61% sequence identity with CfTryS but only 31% with CfGspS. Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with TcTryS were able to synthesize glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione, suggesting that this enzyme is able to catalyze both biosynthetic steps, unlike CfTryS. When cultures were supplemented with aminopropylcadaverine, yeast transformants contained glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine and homotrypanothione [N(1),N(9)-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine], metabolites that have been previously identified in T. cruzi, but not in C. fasciculata. Kinetic studies on recombinant TcTryS purified from Escherichia coli revealed that the enzyme displays high-substrate inhibition with glutathione (K(m) and K(i) of 0.57 and 1.2 mm, respectively, and k(cat) of 3.4 s(-1)), but obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with spermidine, aminopropylcadaverine, glutathionylspermidine, and MgATP as variable substrate. The recombinant enzyme possesses weak amidase activity and can hydrolyze trypanothione, homotrypanothione, or glutathionylspermidine to glutathione and the corresponding polyamine. (+info)

Stable ammonia-specific NAD synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: purification, characterization, gene cloning, and applications. (6/66)

Bacillus stearothermophilus H-804 isolated from a hot spring in Beppu, Japan, produced an ammonia-specific NAD synthetase (EC 6.3.1.5). The enzyme specifically used NH3 as an amide donor for the synthesis of NAD as it formed AMP and pyrophosphate from deamide-NAD and ATP. None of the l-amino acids tested, such as l-asparagine or l-glutamine, or other amino compounds such as urea, uric acid, or creatinine was used instead of NH3. Mg2+ was needed for the activity, and the maximum enzyme activity was obtained with 3 mM MgCl2. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 50 kDa by gel filtration, and SDS-PAGE showed a single protein band at the molecular mass of 25 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity were from 9.0 to 10.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable at a pH range of 7.5 to 9.0 and up to 60 degrees C. The Km for NH3, ATP, and deamide-NAD were 0.91, 0.052, and 0.028 mM, respectively. The gene encoding the enzyme consisted of an open reading frame of 738 bp and encoded a protein of 246 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene had about 32% homology to those of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis NAD synthetases. We caused the NAD synthetase gene to be expressed in E. coli at a high level; the enzyme activity (per liter of medium) produced by the recombinant E. coli was 180-fold that of B. stearothermophilus H-804. The specific assay of ammonia and ATP (up to 25 microM) with this stable NAD synthetase was possible. (+info)

Molecular identification of human glutamine- and ammonia-dependent NAD synthetases. Carbon-nitrogen hydrolase domain confers glutamine dependency. (7/66)

NAD synthetase catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of NAD. In the present study, we obtained cDNAs for two types of human NAD synthetase (referred as NADsyn1 and NADsyn2). Structural analysis revealed in both NADsyn1 and NADsyn2 a domain required for NAD synthesis from ammonia and in only NADsyn1 an additional carbon-nitrogen hydrolase domain shared with enzymes of the nitrilase family that cleave nitriles as well as amides to produce the corresponding acids and ammonia. Consistent with the domain structures, biochemical assays indicated (i) that both NADsyn1 and NADsyn2 have NAD synthetase activity, (ii) that NADsyn1 uses glutamine as well as ammonia as an amide donor, whereas NADsyn2 catalyzes only ammonia-dependent NAD synthesis, and (iii) that mutant NADsyn1 in which Cys-175 corresponding to the catalytic cysteine residue in nitrilases was replaced with Ser does not use glutamine. Kinetic studies suggested that glutamine and ammonia serve as physiological amide donors for NADsyn1 and NADsyn2, respectively. Both synthetases exerted catalytic activity in a multimeric form. In the mouse, NADsyn1 was seen to be abundantly expressed in the small intestine, liver, kidney, and testis but very weakly in the skeletal muscle and heart. In contrast, expression of NADsyn2 was observed in all tissues tested. Therefore, we conclude that humans have two types of NAD synthetase exhibiting different amide donor specificity and tissue distributions. The ammonia-dependent synthetase has not been found in eucaryotes until this study. Our results also indicate that the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase domain is the functional domain of NAD synthetase to make use of glutamine as an amide donor in NAD synthesis. Thus, glutamine-dependent NAD synthetase may be classified as a possible glutamine amidase in the nitrilase family. Our molecular identification of NAD synthetases may prove useful to learn more of mechanisms regulating cellular NAD metabolism. (+info)

Eukaryotic NAD+ synthetase Qns1 contains an essential, obligate intramolecular thiol glutamine amidotransferase domain related to nitrilase. (8/66)

NAD+ is an essential co-enzyme for redox reactions and is consumed in lysine deacetylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. NAD+ synthetase catalyzes the final step in NAD+ synthesis in the well characterized de novo, salvage, and import pathways. It has been long known that eukaryotic NAD+ synthetases use glutamine to amidate nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide while many purified prokaryotic NAD+ synthetases are ammonia-dependent. Earlier, we discovered that glutamine-dependent NAD+ synthetases contain N-terminal domains that are members of the nitrilase superfamily and hypothesized that these domains function as glutamine amidotransferases for the associated synthetases. Here we show yeast glutamine-dependent NAD+ synthetase Qns1 requires both the nitrilase-related active-site residues and the NAD+ synthetase active-site residues for function in vivo. Despite failure to complement the lethal phenotype of qns1 disruption, the former mutants retain ammonia-dependent NAD+ synthetase activity in vitro, whereas the latter mutants retain basal glutaminase activity. Moreover, the two classes of mutants fail to trans-complement despite forming a stable heteromultimer in vivo. These data indicate that the nitrilase-related domain in Qns1 is the fourth independently evolved glutamine amidotransferase domain to have been identified in nature and that glutamine-dependence is an obligate phenomenon involving intramolecular transfer of ammonia over a predicted distance of 46 A from one active site to another within Qns1 monomers. (+info)

VibH Is an Amide Synthase Homologous to Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Condensation Domains". Biochemistry. 39: 15514. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriobactin

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-methylene-L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme ... Winter HC, Su TZ, Dekker EE (1983). "4-methyleneglutamine synthetase: a new amide synthetase present in germinating peanuts" ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-methyleneglutamate—ammonia_ligase

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-aspartate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate—ammonia_ligase

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-aspartate:[beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-aspartate_ligase

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:putrescine ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate—putrescine_ligase

Glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT) transfer the amide group onto a 2-oxoglutarate molecule producing two glutamates. ... Lea, P. J.; Miflin, B. J. (2003). "Glutamate synthase and the synthesis of glutamate in plants". Plant Physiology and ... In the chloroplasts, glutamine synthetase incorporates this ammonia as the amide group of glutamine using glutamate as a ... Ammonia (both absorbed and synthesized) is incorporated into amino acids via the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_assimilation

In all, rifA-E assemble a linear undecaketide and are followed by rifF, which encodes an amide synthase and causes the ... "RifH" encodes aminoDAHP synthase that catalyzes the condensation between 1-deoxy-1-imino-d-erythrose 4-phosphate and ... RifA through rifE encode a type I polyketide synthase module, with the loading module being a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase ... Other types of genes seem to perform post-synthase modifications of the original polyketide. Lepetit introduced Rifampicin, an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifamycin

... peptide-alpha-amide synthetase, synthase, peptide alpha-amide, peptide alpha-amidating enzyme, peptide alpha-amide synthase, ... Bradbury AF, Finnie MD, Smyth DG (1982). "Mechanism of C-terminal amide formation by pituitary enzymes". Nature. 298 (5875): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidylglycine_monooxygenase

... adenylosuccinate synthase MeSH D08.811.464.259.200 - amide synthases MeSH D08.811.464.259.200.200 - aspartate-ammonia ligase ... riboflavin synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.825 - spermidine synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.912 - spermine synthase MeSH D08.811. ... carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) MeSH D08.811.464.259.400 - carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amide-n-donor MeSH ... nitric oxide synthase type i MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.500 - nitric oxide synthase type ii MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.750 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutathionylspermidine:glutathione ligase (ADP-forming). The ... Targeting trypanothione synthase could be a novel way of preventing and curing these diseases through disruption of the ... Evidence for this regulation is that the residues which allow the synthase domain to block the amidase active site are highly ... The main function of trypanothione synthase is to use the free energy generated from ATP hydrolysis to conjugate glutathione ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypanothione_synthase

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine ligase (ADP- ... In enzymology, a glutathionylspermidine synthase (EC 6.3.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glutathione + ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathionylspermidine_synthase

... amide synthases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is deamido-NAD+:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common ... In enzymology, a NAD+ synthase (EC 6.3.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3 ⇌ {\ ... use include NAD+ synthetase, NAD+ synthase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase, and diphosphopyridine nucleotide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD _synthase

The hydroperoxy ligand deprotonates the amide which then closes the β-lactam ring by a nucleophilic attack at the thioaldehyde ... L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase (ACV synthase). This allows for the binding of the substrate ACV to the deprotonated thiol group ... Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a non-heme iron-dependent enzyme belonging to the oxidoreductase family. This enzyme ... The active sites of most isopenicillin N synthases contain an iron ion. This enzyme is also called isopenicillin N synthetase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopenicillin_N_synthase

It is composed of a nitrothiazole-ring and a salicylic acid moiety which are linked together by an amide bond ... NTZ is ... In enzymology, a pyruvate synthase (EC 1.2.7.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. It ... Gehring U, Arnon DI (1972). "Purification and properties of -ketoglutarate synthase from a photosynthetic bacterium". J. Biol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_synthase

... which is where the catalysis of amide bond formation takes place. This structure is positioned similarly to the aminoacyl ... Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) are a newly defined family of peptide-bond forming enzymes that are responsible for the ... "Cyclodipeptide synthases, a family of class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like enzymes involved in non-ribosomal peptide ... "Cyclodipeptide synthases are a family of tRNA-dependent peptide bond-forming enzymes". Nature Chemical Biology. 5 (6): 414-420 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodipeptide_synthases

It is then converted with 8-methyl-6-nonenoic acid into capsaicin by the enzyme capsaicin synthase. Acylation of vanillylamine ... using Schotten-Baumann reactions can provide amide derivatives. Examples include nonivamide (a component of some pepper sprays ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanillylamine

Nid is coordinated to two cysteine molecules and two backbone amide compounds, and is in a square-planar coordination. The ... Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), not to be confused with Acetyl-CoA synthetase or Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP forming), is a nickel- ... Acetyl-CoA Synthase (ACS) and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) are integral enzymes in this one pathway and can perform ... The recommended name for this enzyme is CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase. In nature, there are six different pathways where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO-methylating_acetyl-CoA_synthase

... synthase, glutamate synthase (NADPH), glutamate synthetase (NADP), glutamine amide-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase ( ... Glutamate synthase (NADH) Glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) Temple SJ, Vance CP, Gantt JS (1998). "Glutamate synthase and ... NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase, NADPH-glutamate synthase, and NADPH-linked glutamate synthase. As of late 2007, only one ... In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC 1.4.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-glutamine + 2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_synthase_(NADPH)

It has no degrading action on amide, plasminogen and casein. In addition, hementerin inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ... Inhibition is probably achieved by enhanced nitric oxide synthase activity. Calcium is a cofactor (ligand) in this activity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hementerin

"Structure of an amide bond forming F(420):gamma-glutamyl ligase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus -- a member of a new family of non- ... ribosomal peptide synthases". Journal of Molecular Biology. 372 (2): 456-69. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.063. PMC 2678844. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_F420-0:L-glutamate_ligase

... is an orally active thromboxane synthase inhibitor. It has shown a significant clinical improvement in patients with ... Hydrolysis of the amide function completes the synthesis of dazoxiben. Belch, J. J.; Cormie, J.; Newman, P.; McLaren, M.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazoxiben

Nickel amide, Ni(NH2)2 is a deep red compound that contains Ni6 clusters surrounded by 12 NH2 groups. Nickel amide also forms a ... CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase contains two active nickel atoms, one is held in a square planar coordination by two ... Other homoleptic nickel amides derived by substituting the hydrogen atoms are Ni[N(C6H5)2]2 (diphenyl) and boryl amides Ni[ ... cysteine and two amide groups, and the other nickel is held by three sulfur atoms. It is used to catalyse the reduction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_compounds

The gene ann1 encode for an ATP-dependent amide synthetase and is predicted to condense the amine of the C5N group with the ... The ann2 gene encode for a 5-aminolevulinate synthase which condenses glycine and succinyl-CoA in a Claisen-like reaction to ... Genes ann4 and ann5 are the polyketide synthase part of the biosynthesis. Gene ann4 is organized in four modules, including the ... Annimycin (4-(Z)-annimycin) is a polyenoic acid amide natural product produced by Streptomyces calvus. Annimycin inhibits the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annimycin

This enzyme is also called 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate synthase. Hersh LB (1970). "5-hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate ... specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate methylamidohydrolase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate_hydrolase

... lanosterol synthase and squalene-hopene cyclase microsomal prostaglandin E synthase carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 There ... are also structures of integral monotopic domains of transmembrane proteins: monoamine oxidases A and B fatty acid amide ... "A Computational Protocol for the Integration of the Monotopic Protein Prostaglandin H2 Synthase into a Phospholipid Bilayer". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_monotopic_protein

As a cofactor, RLA is covalently attached by an amide bond to a terminal lysine residue of the enzyme's lipoyl domains. One of ... Two hydrogens of octanoate are replaced with sulfur groups via a radical SAM mechanism, by lipoyl synthase. As a result, lipoic ... The octanoate is transferred as a thioester of acyl carrier protein from fatty acid biosynthesis to an amide of the lipoyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoic_acid

PEA is metabolized by the cellular enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine acid amide hydrolase (NAAA ... PEA reduces the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and prevents IkB-alpha ... This was found to be a result of a combination of a hypomorphic single nucleotide polymorphism of fatty acid amide hydrolase ( ... Levi-Montalcini and coworkers presented evidence in 1993 that lipid amides of the N-acylethanolamine type, such as PEA, are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide

McGeoch, J.E.M.; McGeoch, M.W. (11 September 2007). "Entrapment of water by subunit c of ATP synthase". Journal of the Royal ... W.; Samoril, Tomas; Zapotok, David; McGeoch, Julie E. M. (28 July 2017). "Polymer amide as a carrier of 15N in Allende and ... McGeoch, J.E.M.; McGeoch, M.W. (21 July 2014). "Polymer Amide as an Early Topology". PLOS One. 9 (7): e103036. Bibcode: ... McGeoch, J.E.M.; McGeoch, M.W. (2015). "Polymer amide in the Allende and Murchison meteorites". Meteoritics & Planetary Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolithin

... including fatty acid synthase and the acyl-CoA thioesterases Some phospholipases, including phospholipase A2 and platelet ... including fatty acid amide hydrolase Some peptidases, including dipeptidyl peptidase 4, fibroblast activation protein, and ... prolylendopeptidase Activity based proteomics Alpha/beta hydrolase fold Amide Enzyme Ester List of enzymes Thioester Simon GM, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine_hydrolase

Side chain H-bond donors at the N-termini of even-numbered β-strands often form H-bonds with main chain amide hydrogens in ... In another study involving the S. solfataricus indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase TIM barrel protein, a conserved βαβαβ ... These clamps (or hydrophobic side chain bridge analogs) are conserved in 3 indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase TIM barrel ... indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry and Gō model simulation". Journal of Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIM_barrel

Activate the Asn amide nitrogen atom for the actual transfer of oligosaccharide. ... Lactose synthase. *B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase. *Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharyltransferase

Activation of CB1 enhances AMT activity through increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and subsequent increase of NO ... A Personal Retrospective: Elevating Anandamide (AEA) by Targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and the Fatty Acid Binding ... FABP inhibitors attenuate the breakdown of anandamide by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in cell culture.[6] One ... Uptake Is Consistent with Rate-limited Diffusion and Is Regulated by the Degree of Its Hydrolysis by Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter

positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity. Sources:Amigo / QuickGO. Orthologs. Species. Human. Mouse. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2

Glycolysis → Pyruvate decarboxylation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + ATP synthase) ... proteins are not stable unless they contain oligosaccharides linked at the amide nitrogen of certain asparagine residues. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylated

Inosine monophosphate synthase. *DCMP deaminase. *GTP cyclohydrolase I. *Cytidine deaminase *AICDA. *Activation-induced ... 3.5.2: Cyclic amides/. Amidohydrolases. *Barbiturase. *Beta-lactamase. 3.5.3: Linear amidines/. Ureohydrolases. *Arginase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTP_cyclohydrolase_II

... specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate ... Inosine monophosphate synthase. *DCMP deaminase. *GTP cyclohydrolase I. *Cytidine deaminase *AICDA. *Activation-induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinyl-diaminopimelate_desuccinylase

SAM is then converted to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) by the enzyme ACC synthase (ACS). The activity of ACS ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اتیلن?match=en

Chirala SS, Wakil SJ (November 2004). "Structure and function of animal fatty acid synthase". 》Lipids》 39 (11): 1045-53. doi: ... Fezza F, De Simone C, Amadio D, Maccarrone M (2008). "Fatty acid amide hydrolase: a gate-keeper of the endocannabinoid system ... Nowicki M, Müller F, Frentzen M (April 2005). "Cardiolipin synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana". 》FEBS Letters》 579 (10): 2161-5. ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/지질_

Biotin is covalently attached through an amide bond to the long side chain of a lysine reside in BB. As BB is between BC and CT ... Fatty acid synthase. *Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase. *Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase. *3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_carboxylase

... (GlcNAc) is an amide derivative of the monosaccharide glucose. It is a secondary amide between glucosamine ... N-Acetyllactosamine synthase. *Wheat germ agglutinin, a plant lectin that binds to this substrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetylglucosamine

... uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration.[4] The amide ... regeneration of methionine: Methionine synthase/Homocysteine methyltransferase. *Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamine_synthetase

Glycolysis → Pyruvate decarboxylation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + ATP synthase) ... which forces the CO-NH amide moiety into a fixed conformation.[1] The side chains of the standard amino acids, detailed in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_protein

The fatty amides include N-acyl ethanolamines, such as the cannabinoid neurotransmitter anandamide.[27] ... Chirala SS, Wakil SJ (November 2004). "Structure and function of animal fatty acid synthase". Lipids. 39 (11): 1045-53. doi: ... Nowicki M, Müller F, Frentzen M (April 2005). "Cardiolipin synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana". FEBS Letters. 579 (10): 2161-5. ... Ceramides (N-acyl-sphingoid bases) are a major subclass of sphingoid base derivatives with an amide-linked fatty acid. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

Figure 2). The organization of CepA, CepB, and Cep C closely resembles other peptide synthases such as those for surfactin ( ... peptide synthesis occurs through distinct modules that can load and extend the protein by one amino acid through the amide bond ... Vancomycin biosynthesis occurs via different nonribosomal protein synthases (NRPSs).[39] The enzymes determine the amino acid ... A set of multienzymes (peptide synthase CepA, CepB, and CepC) are responsible for assembling the heptapeptide. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin_hydrochloride

The name is derived from the Sanskrit word for bliss and -amide. It has a pharmacology similar to THC, although its structure ... Next, CBGA is independently converted to either CBG, THCA, CBDA or CBCA by four separate synthase, FAD-dependent dehydrogenase ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid

... β-lactam amide bond and therefore remove the resonance stabilisation normally found in these chemical bonds.[23] ... G is the oxidative conversion of linear ACV into the bicyclic intermediate isopenicillin N by isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/پروتئین?match=en

Chirala S, Wakil S. Structure and function of animal fatty acid synthase. Lipids. 2004, 39 (11): 1045-53. PMID 15726818. doi: ... Fezza F, De Simone C, Amadio D, Maccarrone M. Fatty acid amide hydrolase: a gate-keeper of the endocannabinoid system. ... Nowicki, M. and Frentzen, M. Cardiolipin synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Letters. 2005, 579 (10): 2161-2165. PMID ... Nowicki, M. Characterization of the Cardiolipin Synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Ph.D. thesis, RWTH-Aachen University. 2006. ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/脂类

Harvison PJ, Egan RW, Gale PH, Nelson SD (1986). "Acetaminophen as a cosubstrate and inhibitor of prostaglandin H synthase". ... "Conversion of acetaminophen to the bioactive N-acylphenolamine AM404 via fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent arachidonic acid ... Its clinical pharmacologic characteristics reflect its inhibition of the two prostaglandin H2 synthases". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther ...

https://hr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol

Category:EC 3.5.2 (In cyclic amides) *Beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6) ... Inositol-3-phosphate synthase EC 5.5.1.5. Carboxy-cis,cis- ... EC 2.9.1.2: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Sec):L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase ... 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase EC 2.2.1.9 ... EC 6.2.1.38: (2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes

The peptide backbone also provides donor groups; these include deprotonated amides and the amide carbonyl oxygen centers. Lead( ... such as the reaction carried out by methionine synthase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloprotein

Koeberle A, Werz O (2009). "Inhibitors of the microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1 as alternative to non steroidal anti- ... enhance endocannabinoid signaling by blocking the anandamide-degrading membrane enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).[78] ... "A binding site for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in fatty acid amide hydrolase". J Am Chem Soc. 135 (1): 22-25. doi ... in the acute pain caused by gout because they inhibit urate crystal phagocytosis besides inhibition of prostaglandin synthase.[ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity. • negative regulation of mast cell activation. • cannabinoid signaling ... "Cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are selectively overexpressed in neuritic plaque-associated glia in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CB2_receptor

Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide • Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide • Methysergide; Phenethylamines: 25I-NBF • 25I-NBMD • 25I-NBOH • 25I ... Thymidylate synthase. * 2.4 PARP. * 2.5 Dihydropteroate synthetase. * Farnesyltransferase. * 2.6 GABA transaminase. * 2.7 ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/بازدارنده_آنزیم

2014). "Synthesis, Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity of Salinomycin N-Benzyl Amides". Molecules. 19 (12): 19435-19459. doi: ... This has shown that the polyketide backbone of salinomycin is synthesised on an assembly line of nine polyketide synthase) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinomycin

Thymidylate synthase. *2.4 PARP. *2.5 Dihydropteroate synthetase. *Farnesyltransferase. *2.6 GABA transaminase. *2.7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine-kinase_inhibitor

An amidotransferase then converts the acid side chain of the glutamate to the amide, forming the correctly charged gln-tRNA-Gln ... Citrate synthase. *Aconitase. *Isocitrate dehydrogenase. *Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. *Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_Rna

The most important hydrogen bonds are the lactone carbonyl oxygen at C-21 to the backbone NH of Ile56, amide carbonyl at C-15 ... Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Raltitrexed. *Pemetrexed). Purine. *Adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Pentostatin). *Halogenated/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR_inhibitor

Amide Hydrolysis of a Novel Chemical Series of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Inhibitors Induces Kidney Toxicity in the ... Amide Hydrolysis of a Novel Chemical Series of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Inhibitors Induces Kidney Toxicity in the ... Amide Hydrolysis-Induced Kidney Toxicity. Johan Bylund, Anita Annas, Dennis Hellgren, Sivert Bjurström, Håkan Andersson and ... Amide Hydrolysis-Induced Kidney Toxicity. Johan Bylund, Anita Annas, Dennis Hellgren, Sivert Bjurström, Håkan Andersson and ...

https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/41/3/634

Amide Synthases / genetics* * Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase / genetics* * Cytochrome P450 Family 2 * European Continental ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20418485/?dopt=Abstract

... member of ATP-dependent class of ligases forming an amide linkage ... spermidine synthase and trypanothione synthetase, f) some of ... member of ATP-dependent class of ligases forming an amide linkage ... spermidine synthase (SpdS), trypanothione synthetase (TryS or ... spermidine synthase and trypanothione synthetase; D) Inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK ... TSA), trypanothione reductase (TryR or TR), tryparedoxin peroxidase (TXNPx), deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC064407-trypanothione-synthetase.do

Amide Synthases (antagonists & inhibitors, genetics, metabolism) *Animals. *Antiprotozoal Agents (chemistry, pharmacokinetics, ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/pubmed19828449.do

Acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases). BRITE hierarchy. Sysname. L-cysteine:1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D- ...

https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:6.3.1.13

6] Wiegand TW, Janssen RC, and Eaton BE, Selection of RNA amide synthases. Chem Biol, 4: 675-83, 1997 ...

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/abioprob/abioprob.html

Aromatic reduced amide bond peptidomimetics as selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. ... Novel inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase with antioxidant properties.. Salerno L, Modica MN, Romeo G, Pittalà V, Siracusa MA, ... Reduced amide bond peptidomimetics. (4S)-N-(4-amino-5-[aminoakyl]aminopentyl)-N-nitroguanidines, potent and highly selective ... Nitric oxide synthase isoform inhibition before whole body ischemia reperfusion in pigs: vital or protective? ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=22318159

6.3.1 Acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases) 6.3.2 Acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases) ... 6.3.5.9 hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) 6.3.5.10 adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine- ... 6.3.5.7 glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) BAMEG_0380 gatA; glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase, A subunit BAMEG_ ... 6.3.5.6 asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) BAMEG_0380 gatA; glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase, A subunit BAMEG ...

https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?bah01000+BAMEG_0379

Vibriobactin biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae: VibH is an amide synthase homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetase ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Keating+TA%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

VibH Is an Amide Synthase Homologous to Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Condensation Domains". Biochemistry. 39: 15514. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriobactin

2004) Structural basis for dipeptide amide isoform‐selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Nature Structural & ... NO is produced endogenously by three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and can also be formed from nitrates and nitrites. Several ... Feron O, Michel JB, Sase K and Michel T (1998) Dynamic regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: complementary roles of ... Fisslthaler B, Loot AE, Mohamed A, Busse R and Fleming I (2008) Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by ...

http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000634.html

Amide derivatives as glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta inhibitors WO2003047516A2 (en) 2003-06-12. Pyrimidine compounds ... Heteroaryl amines as glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors (GSK3 inhibitors) US5656629A (en) 1997-08-12. 6-substituted ... Heteroaryl amines as glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibitors(GSK inhibitors) ES2312749T3 (en) 2002-02-01. 2009-03-01. ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5705502?oq=5%2C815%2C488

Keating, T. A., C. G. Marshall, and C. T. Walsh. 2000., Vibriobactin biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae: VibH is an amide synthase ...

https://aem.asm.org/content/70/3/1297

6.3.1 Acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases) 6.3.2 Acid-D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases) ...

https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?ahp01000+V429_18585

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypanothione_synthase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-methyleneglutamate%E2%80%94ammonia_ligase

C2 act as ester synthases rather than as amide synthases. For this function, the location of the C domains, designated as C*, ... The C5 domain of nocardicin NRPS (NocB) not only fulfills its canonical function by forming the corresponding amide bond in the ... Balibar, C. J., Walsh, C. T. From thioesters to amides and back: condensation domain reversibility in the biosynthesis of ... Xue, Y., Sherman, D.H. Alternative modular polyketide synthase expression controls macrolactone structure. Nature. 403, 571-575 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep10637?error=cookies_not_supported&code=5f56607c-4102-4dd0-86e1-a7f4f5abdcd8

Abbreviations used: CPS, carbamoyl phosphate synthase; CTPS, CTP synthase; GAT, glutamine amide transfer; GF-HPLC, gel- ... within the synthase domain of Escherichia coli CTP synthase. Mutant K102A CTP synthase exhibited wild-type activity with ... CTP synthase catalyses the ATP-dependent formation of CTP from UTP using either NH3 or l-glutamine as the nitrogen source. GTP ... L109F CTP synthase was prepared to block totally the putative NH3 tunnel; however, this enzymes rate of glutamine-dependent ...

http://www.biochemj.org/content/369/3/497

... or uncoupled NO synthases.1 Especially O2•− undergoes an avid reaction with NO• to yield peroxynitrite (ONOO−), one of the most ... originating from activated nicotine amide dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, a dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain, ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/66/5/933

Acid--ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases). All UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to class 6.3.1.-.. The ... Glutathionylspermidine synthase 6.3.1.9 Trypanothione synthase 6.3.1.10 Adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase 6.3.1.11 ... 8-demethylnovobiocic acid synthase 6.3.1.16 Transferred entry: 6.3.3.6 6.3.1.17 Beta-citrylglutamate synthase 6.3.1.18 Gamma- ... glutamylanilide synthase 6.3.1.19 Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein ligase 6.3.1.20 Lipoate--protein ligase ...

https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/6.3.1.-

... glutamate synthase [glutamine(amide) 2-oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT)], and (iv) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), the ... No isotopic fractionation is associated with GOGAT, because practically all of the amide N in gln is transferred to 2- ... 2000) The evolution of glutamate synthase. Mol Biol Rep 27(3):141-148. ... 2011) Expression and functional analysis of glutamate synthase small subunit-like proteins from archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/110/21/8696?ijkey=b3d7c48250d7ab8f96ed8118cdcbddda4c0da54e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... was used to unravel the diversity and phylogeny of genes encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthases (ALASs, hemA gene products) ... was used to unravel the diversity and phylogeny of genes encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthases (ALASs, hemA gene products) ... cyclizing 5-aminolevulinate synthase (cALAS encoded by a hemA homolog), amide synthase (AMS) and aminolevulinate-CoA ligase ( ... Organization of the C5N biosynthetic gene triad, encoding amide synthase (AMS), cALAS, and aminolevulinate ligase (ALL), ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00814/full

6. 3. 1.- Acid--ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases). 6. 3. 2.- Acid--amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases). 6. 3. 3.- ... 3. 5. 1.- In linear amides. 3. 5. 2.- In cyclic amides. 3. 5. 3.- In linear amidines. 3. 5. 4.- In cyclic amidines. 3. 5. 5.- ... 4. 3. 2.- Lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. 4. 3. 3.- Amine-lyases. 4. 3.99.- Other carbon-nitrogen lyases. 4. 4. -.- ... 6. 1. 2.- Acid--alcohol ligases (ester synthases). 6. 1. 3.- Cyclo-ligases. 6. 2. -.- Forming carbon-sulfur bonds. 6. 2. 1.- ...

https://enzyme.expasy.org/enzyme-byclass.html

Keating TA, Marshall CG, Walsh CT (2000) Vibriobactin biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae VibH is an amide synthase homologous to ... Brachmann AO, Joyce SA, Jenke-Kodama H, Schwär G, Clarke DJ, Bode HB (2007) A type II polyketide synthase is responsible for ...

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10295-018-02124-8

NAD; via amide nitrogenBy similarity. 1. Binding sitei. 289. SpermidineBy similarity. 1. ... IPR002773 Deoxyhypusine_synthase. IPR036982 Deoxyhypusine_synthase_sf. IPR029035 DHS-like_NAD/FAD-binding_dom. ... IPR002773 Deoxyhypusine_synthase. IPR036982 Deoxyhypusine_synthase_sf. IPR029035 DHS-like_NAD/FAD-binding_dom. ... Belongs to the deoxyhypusine synthase family.Curated. Family and domain databases. Gene3D Structural and Functional Annotation ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6RJS2

DXP; via amide nitrogenUniRule annotation. ,p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic ... Thiazole synthaseUniRule annotation. ,p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic ... sp,B2HUU9,THIG_ACIBC Thiazole synthase OS=Acinetobacter baumannii (strain ACICU) OX=405416 GN=thiG PE=3 SV=1 ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B2HUU9

PR amide, and PR acid, based on conditions available reflects unstability and degradative aspects. Since the PR toxin-induced ... PR amide (EreE), through reactions with amino group of the amino acids and catalyzed by PR amide synthase (Figure 1; Chang et ... Chang, S. C., Cheng, M. K., and Wei, Y. H. (2004a). Production of PR-imine, PR acid, and PR-amide relative to the metabolism of ... Indeed, in these cases, PR oxidase, PR-amide synthetase and eremofortin C oxidase from P. roqueforti catalyze the conversion of ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00288/full

In a continuing effort to unravel the structural basis for isoform-selective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by ... Rat neuronal NOS heme domain with D-lysine-D-nitroarginine amide bound. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1RS6/pdb ... In a continuing effort to unravel the structural basis for isoform-selective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by ... The novel binding mode of N-alkyl-N-hydroxyguanidine to neuronal nitric oxide synthase provides mechanistic insights into NO ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1RS6

Structural role for a conserved region in the CTP synthetase glutamine amide transfer domain.. J. Bacteriol. 169 3023-8 1987 ... CTP synthase GATase domain (IPR033828). Short name: GATase1_CTP_Synthase Domain relationships *Glutamine amidotransferase ( ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR033828

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopenicillin_N_synthase

3,5-Disubstituted indole derivatives as selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors. (nih.gov)
Novel, druglike 1,7-disubstituted 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-based selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). (nih.gov)
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors. (nih.gov)
The most potent of these new agents, such as 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), its methyl ester (CDDO-ME), and CDDO-Imidazolide (CDDO-IM), are some of the strongest known inhibitors of the de novo synthesis of inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase 2 ( 3 - 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The responses were inhibited by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (0.01-1mM) and 7-nitroindazole(0.01-10 micro M). These results suggest the possible role of NO in mediating the relaxant activity of parathyroid polyhormones. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) were thus designed to target cancers with hyperactive signaling pathways involving the G-proteins. (eurekaselect.com)
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L- citrilline and nitric oxide (NO). Selective inhibition of the isoforms of NOS could have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of certain disease states arising from pathologically elevated synthesis of NO. Recently, we reported dipeptide amides containing a basic amine side chain as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal NOS (Huang, H. (northwestern.edu)

Keating TA, Marshall CG, Walsh CT (2000) Vibriobactin biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae VibH is an amide synthase homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetase condensation domains. (springer.com)
Structural role for a conserved region in the CTP synthetase glutamine amide transfer domain. (ebi.ac.uk)
Ammonia (both absorbed and synthesized) is incorporated into amino acids via the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
In the chloroplasts, glutamine synthetase incorporates this ammonia as the amide group of glutamine using glutamate as a substrate. (wikipedia.org)
4-methyleneglutamine synthetase: a new amide synthetase present in germinating peanuts" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Polyketide synthase (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPSs) are large multimodular enzymes involved in biosynthesis of polyketide and peptide toxins produced by fungi. (mdpi.com)
Polyketide synthase (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPSs) are large multimodular enzymes involved in biosynthesis of polyketide and peptide secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. (mdpi.com)

A combined approach, comprising PCR screening and genome mining, was used to unravel the diversity and phylogeny of genes encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthases (ALASs, hemA gene products) in streptomycetes-related strains. (frontiersin.org)
A common variant in exon 7 of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene: Identification by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. (thefreedictionary.com)
Disruption of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene affects ovulation, fertilization and early embryo survival in a knockout mouse model," Reproduction, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
the sequence of the product of this gene, ainS , shows no similarity with members of the LuxI family of acyl-HSL synthases. (asm.org)
4. The sorghum hybrid of claim 1, wherein said sorghum hybrid germplasm that confers resistance to inhibition by one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides comprises an acetolactate synthase gene, wherein said gene comprises one or more amino acid substitutions from the group consisting of Val 531 Ile and Trp 545 Leu. (freepatentsonline.com)
8. The sorghum hybrid of claim 1, wherein said sorghum hybrid germplasm that confers resistance to inhibition by one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides comprises mutations in the acetolactate synthase gene as found in ATCC No. PTA-7999. (freepatentsonline.com)
9. The sorghum hybrid of claim 8, wherein said acetolactate synthase gene as found in ATCC No. PTA-7999 is introduced into said sorghum hybrid by introgression. (freepatentsonline.com)
PZA is a prodrug of the pharmacologically active agent pyrazinoic acid (POA), which is formed upon hydrolysis of the amide by a mycobacterial pyrazinamidase encoded by the pncA gene ( 21 ). (asm.org)
The present invention relates to recombinant Gram-positive host cells containing a Gram-negative glycosaminoglycan synthase gene, and methods of producing glycosaminoglycans using such recombinant host cells. (freepatentsonline.com)
The system is a modified strain of E. coli engineered to express a biosynthetic pathway composed of four components: 1) biosynthetic genes from one species encoding enzymes for the assembly of a nonribosomal molecule, 2) biosynthetic genes from a second species encoding enzymes for the assembly of a different nonribosomal molecule, 3) a gene encoding an amide synthase, and 4) exogenously supplied building blocks. (mit.edu)
The putative aminotransferase (pAMT) and Pungent gene 1 (Pun1) proteins are believed to catalyze the second to last and the last steps in the pathway, respectively, making the Pun1 protein the putative capsaicin synthase. (biomedcentral.com)
A deletion in the gltA gene coding citrate synthase prevents acetyl‐CoA flux into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and thus necessitates the addition of glutamate. (nationalballetconservatory.com)

In particular, the present invention provides for sorghum plants, plant tissues and plant seeds that contain altered acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes and proteins that are resistant to inhibition by herbicides that normally inhibit the activity of the ALS protein. (freepatentsonline.com)
1. A sorghum hybrid wherein said sorghum hybrid germplasm confers resistance to inhibition by one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides at levels of said one or more herbicides that would normally inhibit the growth of a sorghum hybrid. (freepatentsonline.com)
3. The sorghum hybrid of claim 1, wherein said resistance to inhibition by one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides is introduced into said sorghum hybrid germplasm by introgression. (freepatentsonline.com)
The results demonstrated significant inhibition of leukotriene-C 4 -synthase, leukotriene-A 4 -hydrolase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities by the EtOAc fraction of B. monnieri, suggesting a plausible mechanism of action for the management of asthma. (eurekaselect.com)

originating from activated nicotine amide dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, a dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain, or uncoupled NO synthases. (ahajournals.org)

Brachmann AO, Joyce SA, Jenke-Kodama H, Schwär G, Clarke DJ, Bode HB (2007) A type II polyketide synthase is responsible for anthraquinone biosynthesis in Photorhabdus luminescens . (springer.com)
The 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III proteins are one of the most abundant enzymes in nature, as they are involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and natural products. (rsc.org)
Those include enzymes that are responsible for a head-to-head condensation reaction, the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA in mevalonate biosynthesis, tailoring processes via C-O bond formation or esterification, as well as amide formation. (rsc.org)
The results suggest that a trans -acting enoyl reductase (FSL5) assists the polyketide synthase FSL1 in biosynthesis of a polyketide product, which is released by hydrolysis by a trans -acting thioesterase (FSL2). (mdpi.com)

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases). (wikipedia.org)

It is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which is found in main three isoforms, namely endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS). (intechopen.com)
Is Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase a Target for Chemoprevention? (aacrjournals.org)
The isoform most consistently associated with neoplasia is the inducible form, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (aacrjournals.org)
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (i NOS ) has previously been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation and protein nitration . (rsc.org)
The transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) is activated by a network of proinflammatory signaling pathways. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
the endothelial, neuronal, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Ii produces feel- amide derivative of kanamydn inactivation by renal inducible no-synthase plays a critical role in terms of product quality even the acceleration following generation. (wisc.edu)

Rat liver showed the highest specific activities (4.4 +/- 0.3 and 4.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/mg protein) for the hydrolase and synthase, respectively. (nih.gov)
However, small intestine showed a relatively high synthase/hydrolase ratio of about 5.0 (1.0 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/mg protein). (nih.gov)
To gain insights about whether AinS and LuxM represent a second family of acylhomoserine lactone synthases, we have purified AinS as a maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion protein. (asm.org)
Subunit-c of the ATP synthase is an integral membrane protein consisting of two helices, 1 and 2, which span the inner mitochondrial membrane ( Fig. 1 ). (pnas.org)
AHLs are produced from acylated acyl-carrier protein (acyl-ACP) and S -adenosyl- l -methionine by the AHL synthase enzyme. (asm.org)
The intrinsic specificity of the AHL synthase for subsets of acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) substrates is an important factor in the production of particular AHLs. (asm.org)
Here, crystal structures, in three distinct forms, of recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa β -ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase II (FabF) are presented. (iucr.org)
DNA-sequence analysis of LIP5 revealed that it encodes a protein homologous to lipoic acid synthase of E. coli . (plantphysiol.org)
Moreover, the analysis of the plaque region revealed a change in the spectral position of the amide I band, which may be indicative of protein nitration in the Apo E −/− mouse, correlating with a more ordered (β-sheet) structure, while a less ordered structure was apparent for the Apo E −/− i NOS −/− mouse, in which protein nitration is attenuated. (rsc.org)
The individual FAS component enzymes are ac(et)yltransferase (AC), malonyl/acetyl- or malonyl/palmitoyl-transacylase (AT, MPT), ketoacyl synthase (KS) ketoacyl reductase (KR), dehydratase (DH), enoyl reductase (ER), acyl carrier protein (ACP), and thioesterase (TE). (asm.org)
This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag. (cusabio.com)

Discovery of N-(3-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indol-6-yl) thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a selective inhibitor of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) for the treatment of pain. (nih.gov)
Discovery of cis-N-(1-(4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl)indolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide: a 1,6-disubstituted indoline derivative as a highly selective inhibitor of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) without any cardiovascular liabilities. (nih.gov)

In vitro and in vivo metabolic profiling generated a working hypothesis that a bis-sulfonamide metabolite (determined M1) formed by amide hydrolysis caused this toxicity. (aspetjournals.org)
To test this hypothesis, rats were subjected to a 7-day study and were administered the suspected metabolite and two low-potency mPGES-1 inhibitor analogs, where amide hydrolysis was undetectable in rat hepatocyte experiments. (aspetjournals.org)
The results suggested that compounds with a reduced propensity to undergo amide hydrolysis, thus having less ability to form M1, reduced the risk of inducing kidney toxicity. (aspetjournals.org)
To circumvent rat kidney toxicity, we identified a potent mPGES-1 inhibitor with a low propensity for amide hydrolysis and superior rat pharmacokinetic properties. (aspetjournals.org)
In the presence of GTP, the k cat values for glutamine hydrolysis by the D107A and L109A enzymes were identical with that of wild-type CTP synthase. (biochemj.org)
Overall, the kinetic properties of L109A CTP synthase were consistent with an uncoupling of glutamine hydrolysis from CTP formation that occurs because an NH 3 tunnel has its normal structure altered or fails to form. (biochemj.org)

Glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT) transfer the amide group onto a 2-oxoglutarate molecule producing two glutamates. (wikipedia.org)
Determination of the midpoint potential of the FAD and FMN flavin cofactors and of the 3Fe-4S cluster of glutamate synthase. (semanticscholar.org)

A novel microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor induced kidney injury at exposures representing less than 4 times the anticipated efficacious exposure in man during a 7-day toxicity study in rats. (aspetjournals.org)
Oligomycin has been recognized as a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase since 1958 when it was reported by Henry Lardy et al. (pnas.org)

In an attempt to identify nucleotide-binding sites, scanning alanine mutagenesis was conducted on a highly conserved region of amino acid sequence (residues 102-118) within the synthase domain of Escherichia coli CTP synthase. (biochemj.org)
The Arabidopsis LIP1 cDNA was isolated using an expressed sequence tag homologous to the lipoic acid synthase of Escherichia coli . (plantphysiol.org)

CTP synthase catalyses the ATP-dependent formation of CTP from UTP using either NH 3 or l -glutamine as the nitrogen source. (biochemj.org)
In addition, we observed that mutation of amino acids located between residues 102 and 118 in the synthase domain can affect the enzyme's glutaminase activity, suggesting that these residues interact with residues in the glutamine amide transfer domain because they are in close proximity or via a conformationally dependent signalling mechanism. (biochemj.org)

During inflammatory setting, both COX-2 and the induc-ible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are detected in a variety of cells, resulting in the production of large amounts of pro-inflammatory PGs and cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) molecules. (alliedacademies.org)

An analog of pyrazinamide (PZA), 5-chloropyrazinamide (5-Cl-PZA), has previously been shown to inhibit mycobacterial fatty acid synthase I (FASI). (asm.org)
The observations that 5-Cl-PZA inhibits fatty acid synthase I (FASI) in M. smegmatis and that both 5-Cl PZA and PZA inhibit M. tuberculosis FASI (albeit with the proviso that PZA requires acidic conditions) ( 32 ) suggest that FASI is a potential antituberculosis drug target. (asm.org)
Thus, the enzyme system involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FAS), is one of the household enzymes of the cell. (asm.org)
According to the textbook reaction mechanism, fatty acid synthase is an "iterative" multienzyme, performing several successive cycles of a distinct reaction sequence in combination with a specific initiation and termination reaction at the beginning and end of the overall process, respectively. (asm.org)

We report the high-resolution (1.9 Å) crystal structure of oligomycin bound to the subunit c 10 ring of the yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase. (pnas.org)
1 ). Studies in the 1960s from the laboratory of Efraim Racker demonstrated that the mitochondrial ATP synthase can be separated into two parts, coupling factor 1, or F 1 , which contains the catalytic site for ATP synthesis, and coupling factor o, or F o , which is able to confer sensitivity to oligomycin ( 2 ⇓ - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Despite more than 50 y of studies on mitochondrial F 1 F o ATP synthase, the binding site of oligomycin on F o has been elusive. (pnas.org)
Western analysis with an antibody against lipoic acid synthase demonstrated that this enzyme is located in the mitochondrial compartment in Arabidopsis cells as a 43-kD polypeptide. (plantphysiol.org)
Citrate synthase (CS) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the citric acid cycle (1,2). (nationalballetconservatory.com)

In enzymology, a NAD+ synthase (EC 6.3.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3↔ AMP + diphosphate + NAD+. (creative-enzymes.com)
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) catalyzes the transfer of a glycosyl group from an activated donor sugar, such as uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc), to a saccharide acceptor d -fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), resulting in the formation of UDP and d -sucrose-6′-phosphate (S6P). (plantcell.org)

Incorporation of protecting groups at the N- terminus of the dipeptide amide 1 (compounds 4 and 5) resulted in dramatic decreases in the inhibitory potency of nNOS. (northwestern.edu)

In the present work, it has been shown for the first time, that the membrane-binding domain of cytochrome P450 en- zymes determines the complexation process of the binary P450:reductase system. (mpg.de)

The two molecule intermediates and one building block molecule are condensed via the aforementioned amide synthase to generate one hybrid nonribosomal molecule. (mit.edu)

The linear tripeptide δ-(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV) must first be assembled from its component amino acids by N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase (ACV synthase). (wikipedia.org)
The reaction starts when oxaloacetate binds to the binding site in citrate synthase at amino acids His274, His320, and Asp275. (nationalballetconservatory.com)

Amylin blocks the activation of glycogen synthase by insulin. (bioquote.com)
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) can negatively regulate several aspects of insulin signaling, and elevated levels of GSK-3 have been reported in skeletal muscle from diabetic rodents and humans. (diabetesjournals.org)
These low molecular weight compounds activated glycogen synthase at ∼100 nmol/l in cultured CHO cells transfected with the insulin receptor and in primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, and at 500 nmol/l in isolated type 1 skeletal muscle of both lean Zucker and ZDF rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
At other times, glycogen formation in resting cells is suppressed via phosphorylation and inactivation of the rate-limiting enzyme glycogen synthase (GS) ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Polyketide synthases can be categorized into three different types (I, II and III), which have the same enzymatic functions, but difference in quaternary structure and chain initiation and termination. (mdpi.com)

If mice were fed either the methyl ester or the ethyl amide derivative of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-ME and CDDO-EA, respectively), beginning 1 week after dosing with carcinogen, the number, size, and severity of lung carcinomas were markedly reduced. (aacrjournals.org)
Modifications at the C-terminus of the peptide included converting the amide to the methyl ester (12), tert-butyl ester (13), and carboxylic acid (14) and also descarboxamide analogues (15-17), which revealed less restricted binding requirements for the C-terminus of the dipeptide. (northwestern.edu)

Here we report the oligomycin-binding site on subunit-c of the F o portion of the ATP synthase. (pnas.org)
Subunit-c assembles as a homomeric ring consisting of 10 subunits in the yeast ATP synthase and eight subunits in the bovine ATP synthase ( 5 , 6 ). (pnas.org)

The rapid conversion of PR toxin to the other derivatives such as PR imine, PR amide, and PR acid, based on conditions available reflects their unstability and degradative aspects. (frontiersin.org)
Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study. (thefreedictionary.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)
Known also as Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase elisa. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)
During the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed towards the relevance of endocannabinoids, another group of bioactive lipids including amides and esters of arachidonic acid, in both female and male fertility (Park et al. (420magazine.com)
2. The recombinant host cell of claim 1, wherein the purified nucleic acid segment encodes the Pasteurella multocida chondroitin synthase of SEQ ID NO:2. (freepatentsonline.com)
9. The method of claim 8 wherein, in the step of providing a purified nucleic acid segment encoding an enzymatically active Pasteurella chondroitin synthase, the purified nucleic acid segment encodes the Pasteurella multocida chondroitin synthase of SEQ ID NO:2. (freepatentsonline.com)
We report here the isolation and characterization of LIP1 cDNA for lipoic acid synthase of Arabidopsis. (plantphysiol.org)
This cDNA was shown to code for Arabidopsis lipoic acid synthase by its ability to complement a lipA mutant of E. coli defective in lipoic acid synthase. (plantphysiol.org)
Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of E. coli and yeast lipoic acid synthase homologs showed a high degree of sequence similarity and the presence of a leader sequence presumably required for import into the mitochondria. (plantphysiol.org)
Lipoic acid is covalently bound to these proteins via an amide linkage to the ε-amino group of specific Lys residues ( Reed and Hackert, 1966 ). (plantphysiol.org)
lipA encodes a lipoic acid synthase that is required for an insertion of the first sulfur atom into the octanoate backbone ( Reed and Cronan, 1993 ). (plantphysiol.org)
The present review focuses on microbial type I fatty acid synthases (FASs), demonstrating their structural and functional diversity. (asm.org)
Due to its N-erminus consensus sequence, eNOS becomes cotranslationally myristoylated through an amide bond between the first Gly residue and myristic acid. (ucm.es)
The aim of this research was to verify the pharmacological activity in a new series of amides of arachidonic acid. (alliedacademies.org)
Capsaicin and its analogs are called capsaicinoids, and the fundamental structure of most capsaicinoids is a branched-chain fatty acid amide of vanillylamine. (biomedcentral.com)

Influence of acylation of the peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal region of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase on the interaction with model membranes. (ucm.es)

The molecular messenger nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized endogenously from l -arginine by three isoforms of the enzyme NO synthase. (aacrjournals.org)
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) is unique among the NOS isoforms in its being dually acylated by the fatty acids myristate and palmitate. (ucm.es)

Some α-Proteobacteria, fungi, and animals form ALA through condensation of glycine and succinyl-CoA by hemA -encoded aminolevulinate synthase in so called C4 or Shemin pathway. (frontiersin.org)

Tryptophan synthase is a model system for understanding allosteric regulation within enzyme complexes. (elsevier.com)

The aim of the following studies was to identify whether the uptake, synthesis and recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the essential co-factor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), could in uence oxidative stress in human vasculature. (avhandlingar.se)
Thus, as with the isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes, the presence of either citrate synthase activity is sufficient for glutamate synthesis. (nationalballetconservatory.com)

Acute amelioration of diabetic endothelial dysfunction with a derivative of the nitric oxide synthase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. (thefreedictionary.com)

The EtOAc partition of the extracts inhibited the activity of leukotriene-C 4 -synthase by 69%, and down-regulated the expression of the mRNA of this enzyme in HL-60 cells. (eurekaselect.com)

ET-1 increases superoxide production in human coronary artery bypass grafts via a receptor-driven mechanism involving, the largest contributor of superoxide in the vascular wall, nicotine amide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. (avhandlingar.se)

An Unusual Cation-Binding Site and Distinct Domain-Domain Interactions Distinguish Class II Enolpyruvylshi KIM ate-3-Phosphate Synthases. (virginia.edu)

The anandamide, or arachidonoiletanolammide (AEA), is part of a new class of lipid mediators, acting predomi-nantly olocrina and paracrine, collectively known as en-docannabinoids. (alliedacademies.org)

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes4

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Using genomic information to investigate the function of ThiI, an enzyme shared between thiamin and 4-thiouridine biosynthesis. (1/66)

Identification of the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces spheroides NCIB 11891. (2/66)

Cloning, overexpression, and purification of novobiocic acid synthetase from Streptomyces spheroides NCIMB 11891. (3/66)

Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata. (4/66)

A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi. (5/66)

Stable ammonia-specific NAD synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: purification, characterization, gene cloning, and applications. (6/66)

Molecular identification of human glutamine- and ammonia-dependent NAD synthetases. Carbon-nitrogen hydrolase domain confers glutamine dependency. (7/66)

Eukaryotic NAD+ synthetase Qns1 contains an essential, obligate intramolecular thiol glutamine amidotransferase domain related to nitrilase. (8/66)

Amide Synthases

Amides

Polyketide Synthases

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases

Chitin Synthase

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Amidohydrolases

Spermidine

Crithidia fasciculata

Glutathione

NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases

Trypanosomatina

Trypanosoma cruzi

Probability

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PubMed

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Salicylates

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Sodium Salicylate

Rotavirus

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Siderophores

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Cytidine Triphosphate

Glutamine

Glutaminase

Hydrolysis

Escherichia coli Proteins

Nitrogen Isotopes

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Glutamate Synthase

Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase

Nitrogen

Carbon Isotopes

Fatigue

Databases, Protein

Sequence Analysis, Protein

Systems Integration

Using genomic information to investigate the function of ThiI, an enzyme shared between thiamin and 4-thiouridine biosynthesis. (1/66)

Identification of the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces spheroides NCIB 11891. (2/66)

Cloning, overexpression, and purification of novobiocic acid synthetase from Streptomyces spheroides NCIMB 11891. (3/66)

Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata. (4/66)

A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi. (5/66)

Stable ammonia-specific NAD synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: purification, characterization, gene cloning, and applications. (6/66)

Molecular identification of human glutamine- and ammonia-dependent NAD synthetases. Carbon-nitrogen hydrolase domain confers glutamine dependency. (7/66)

Eukaryotic NAD+ synthetase Qns1 contains an essential, obligate intramolecular thiol glutamine amidotransferase domain related to nitrilase. (8/66)

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