Americium
Americium. A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
Plutonium
Plutonium. A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, atomic number 94, and atomic weight 242. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.
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Radium
Radium. A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra, atomic number 88, and atomic weight 226. Radium is the product of the disintegration of uranium and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.
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Dystonic Disorders
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.
Effect of I,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in renal osteodystrophy. (1/22)
A 23-year-old man with medullary cystic disease had been undergoing hemodialysis for 5 years and had become confined to a wheelchair because of renal osteodystrophy. He was treated with 125-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 2.0 mug (later 1.0 mug) three times a week, administered by way of the venous end of the dialysis machine. Within 1 month bone pain lessened and his ability to stand and walk improved. By 3 months he was walking short distances and by 5 months, long distances. Calcium balance was near zero before treatment and was strongly positive during treatment. Bone mineral content in the lower femur, measured by photon absorptiometry, increased at a rate of 32.2% per year. In contrast, 26 other patients on long-term hemodialysis had a mean loss of bone mineral content of 14.0% per year. Radiographs taken during treatment showed a decrease in subperiosteal bone resorption and healing of a pseudofracture. A significant decrease in the mean serum alkaline phosphatase value was noted during treatment, but no significant changes in mean serum calcium or phosphorus values were seen. (+info)Thenar muscle blood flow and bone mineral in the forearms of lumberjacks. (2/22)
Forty lumberjacks who had used a chain saw for 0-20 years and who had no general disease affecting the bones were studied by measuring the thenar muscle blood flow of both hands by the 133-Xe local clearance method. Bone mineral in the left forearm in the region of cancellous and cortical bone was assessed by the 241-Am gamma ray attenuation method. Virbration was found to decrease the blood flow in the saw-bearing left hand compared with the right hand of the lumberjacks. The bone mineral density (g/vm-3) was lower in the forearm bones of the lumberjacks than in controls of the same age with healthy bones. Moreover the poorer the thenar muscle blood flow, the greater was the decrease in the mineral density of the distal radius. Measurement of the mineral density of the forearm bones by the gramma ray attenuation method can be used for early detection of bone lesions in traumatic vasospastic disease. (+info)Bone mineral content determined by functional imaging. (3/22)
Quantitation of bone mineral by photon absorptiometry is a simple and accurate method for determining changes in bone volume and mineral content in serial studies. An extension of the scintillation camera method for studying such changes in the calcaneous is described. This technique is applicable to large areas of bone, thereby minimizing the effect of repositioning errors. Using a 40-mCi 241Am sheet source, a 2.1% reproducibility in bone phantoms and a 2.4% reproducibility in normal patients was achieved. Several case studies are presented to illustrate sensitivity and clinical application of the method. Although bone mineral determinations are now performed in a limited number of health care facilities, the scintillation camera method described in this report could increase the availability of these determinations significantly. (+info)Radiation hazards from 241Am sources used in thyroid studies. (4/22)
The neutron and gamma photon doses corresponding to the neck and eye level from an 241AmO2 source used in thyroid studies have been theoretically estimated. The radiation hazard to the patient is found to be not significant. (+info)Worldwide bioassay data resources for plutonium/americium internal dosimetry studies. (5/22)
Biokinetic models are the scientific underpinning of internal dosimetry and depend, ultimately, for their scientific validation on comparisons with human bioassay data. Three significant plutonium/americium bioassay databases, known to the authors, are described: (1) Sellafield, (2) Los Alamos and (3) the United States Transuranium Registry. A case is made for a uniform standard for database format, and the XML standard is discussed. (+info)A device for in vitro irradiation with alpha-particles using an alpha-emitting radioactive source. (6/22)
A device to irradiate a monolayer of cultured cells with alpha-particles using an Am-241 alpha-source (33.4 MBq) was designed to investigate RBEs of alpha-particles in cell killing, induction of chromosome aberration, mutagenic changes and transformation. This device can be used conveniently in a common laboratory by a small number of researchers without any limitation of machine time. The device performs as follows: (1) The energy of alpha-particles at the entrance of the cell layer is 3.20 MeV with a standard deviation of 0.25 MeV, (2) the incident angle to the cell layer is 82.8 degrees with a standard deviation of 3.2 degrees, (3) the fluence rate is 4.7 x 10(5) cm-2.min-1, (4) the average LET infinity for a cell layer 5 microns thick is 138 keV/micron, (5) the average dose rate for a cell layer 5 microns thick is 0.10 Gy/min., (6) a temperature and CO2 concentration conducive to cell cultivation are maintained during irradiation. (+info)Separation techniques for quantification of radionuclides in environmental samples. (7/22)
(+info)Investigation of activation rate uniformity in a prompt-gamma rays IVNAA facility. (8/22)
The preliminary design studies for developing a prompt-gamma rays in vivo neutron activation analysis facility are in construction at Neutron Activation Research Centre of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In this work, activation rate distribution is studied in different bilateral configurations in order to reduce the CV of activation rate distribution throughout the body to less than 10%. It means that the maximum RMS deviation from the mean value of distribution must be smaller than 0.5%. The best case includes two pairs of (241)Am-Be neutron sources. Each pair (with 70 cm distance between two sources) is positioned within up and down 40 x 110 cm(2) area graphite collimators. Also, four moderator/reflector objects are added to transversal body surfaces with 5 cm thick water and 3 cm thick graphite. The proper thickness of polyethylene pre-moderators is chosen 8 mm. The RMS deviation of distribution is 0.3% with the mean activation rate of 1.85 x 10(-6) cm(-3). (+info)
ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Americium
Plutonium and americium detected in air near Highway 240 at Hanford site
Americium
New isotope <sup>233</sup...
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A Retracable Method to Assess Uncertainties in Solubility Estimations Exemplified by some Americium Solids
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"Americium, Radioactive". TOXNET Toxicology Data Network. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Chen, A.; Dietrich, K. ... Elements found in trace amounts include americium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, boron, cobalt, europium, gallium, ...
Timeline of chemical element discoveries
"95 Americium". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12. Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. (1947). "The ...
Timeline of United States discoveries
1944 Americium Americium is a synthetic element that has the symbol Am and atomic number 95. A radioactive metallic element, ... Americium was co-discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph James, L. Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso during their work on the Manhattan ... "History of Americium". Travis Meuten. "Chemistry in its element - curium". Royal Society of Chemistry. "Jacob Marinsky; co- ... A radioactive metallic element in the actinide series, berkelium was first synthesized by bombarding americium with alpha ...
List of emerging technologies
"Americium Power Source". thefutureofthings.com. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 14 June ...
Organoactinide chemistry
Trivalent actinides form ionic compounds with COT ligands, this can be examplified by the reaction of americium triiodide with ... Baumgärtner, F.; Fischer, E. O.; Kanellakopulos, B.; Laubereau, P. (1966-01-07). "Tri-cyclopentadienyl-americium(III)". ...
Harold McCluskey
... was exposed to at least 37 MBq of americium-241 and nitric acid. He was hit on the right side by a mixture of ... At the time of his death he had 55 kBq of americium in his soft tissues (27.9 kBq in the liver), 470 kBq in the mineral ... As nitric acid was added to a column containing an ion-exchange resin and americium, the chemicals exploded, blowing out " ... Heid, K R; Palmer, B D; McMurray, B J; Wald, N (1979-01-01). "1976 Hanford americium accident". United States. doi:10.2172/ ...
Radionuclide
"Smoke Detectors and Americium". world-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 2010-11-12. Office of Radiation Protection - ... Smoke detectors use a very small quantity of 241Am (about 0.29 micrograms per smoke detector) in the form of americium dioxide ... The radionuclide used is americium-241, which is created by bombarding plutonium with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. It decays ...
Timeline of chemical element discoveries
Americium 1944 G. T. Seaborg, R. A. James, O. Morgan and A. Ghiorso Prepared by irradiating plutonium with neutrons during the ... "95 Americium". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12.. *^ "97 Berkelium". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09- ... Prepared by bombardment of americium with calcium[163] 113 Nihonium 2003-2004 Y. Oganessian et al. (JINR in Dubna) and K. ... Created by bombardment of americium with alpha particles.[143] 98 Californium 1950 S. G. Thompson, K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso ...
Spectral line
americium 95 Am curium 96 Cm berkelium 97 Bk californium 98 Cf ...
Electronic waste
"Americium, Radioactive". TOXNET Toxicology Data Network. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016.. ... Americium. The radioactive source in smoke alarms.. It is known to be carcinogenic.[90]. ... Elements found in small amounts include cadmium, mercury, and thallium.[88] Elements found in trace amounts include americium, ...
Standard atomic weight
Ameri-cium95Am[243] Curium96Cm[247] Berkel-ium97Bk[247] Califor-nium98Cf[251] Einstei-nium99Es[252] Fer-mium100Fm[257] ...
Category:Synthetic elements
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization ...
Smoke detector
Americium-241 is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 432.6 years. Alpha particle radiation, as opposed to beta (electron) and ... If the americium is left in the ionization chamber of the alarm the radiological risk is insignificant because the chamber acts ... "Smoke detectors and americium-241 fact sheet" (PDF). Canadian Nuclear Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-06. ... The americium-241 in ionizing smoke detectors poses a potential environmental hazard, albeit a very small one. Disposal ...
Actinides in the environment
Americium is stable in the +3 oxidation state, while the +4 oxidation state of plutonium can form in the human body. The most ... Americium released into the environment tends to remain in soil and water at relatively shallow depths and may be taken up by ... Americium often enters landfills from discarded smoke detectors. The rules associated with the disposal of smoke detectors are ... There have been cases of humans being exposed to americium. The worst case was that of Harold McCluskey, who was exposed to an ...
2019 in science
"UK generates usable electricity from americium". World Nuclear News. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019. "UK scientists generate ... and University of Leicester report the first generation of usable electricity from americium, which could lead to the ...
Curium(III) oxide
Norman M. Edelstein; James D. Navratil; Wallace W. Schulz (1984). Americium and curium chemistry and technology. D. Reidel Pub ...
Neptunium
Np(V) does not bond as readily to soil particles in mildly acidic conditions as its fellow actinides americium and curium by ... With a half-life of 432 years, the americium-241 in an ionization smoke detector includes about 3% neptunium after 20 years, ... In one study comparing the diffusion rates of neptunium(V), plutonium(IV), and americium(III) in sandstone and limestone, ... This makes it and its predecessors such as americium-241 candidates of interest for destruction by nuclear transmutation. Due ...
Boiling points of the elements (data page)
95 Am americium use. 2880 K. 2607 °C. 4725 °F WebEl. 2880 K. 2607 °C. 4725 °F ...
Curium
2): this was prepared from the beta decay of americium-242 in the americium(V) ion 242. AmO+. 2.[2] Failure to obtain Cm(VI) ... Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium ... Both americium and curium are present in solutions mostly in the +3 valence state; whereas americium oxidizes to soluble Am(IV ... Further neutron capture followed by β−-decay produces the 241Am isotope of americium which further converts into 242Cm: Pu. 94 ...
Transuranium element
Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium ... "Smoke Detectors and Americium", Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper, 35, May 2002, archived from the original on 11 September 2002, ... americium, Am, named because it is an analog to europium, and so was named after the continent where it was first produced ( ... the element americium is utilized in devices like smoke detectors and spectrometers.[9][10] ...
Glenn T. Seaborg
In addition to plutonium, he is credited as a lead discoverer of americium, curium, and berkelium, and as a co-discoverer of ... He held more than 40 patents-among them the only patents ever issued for chemical elements, americium and curium, and received ... His patent on curium never proved commercially viable because of the element's short half-life, but americium is commonly used ... Seaborg, G. T.; James, R.A.; Morgan, L.O. (January 1948). The New Element Americium (Atomic Number 95). US Atomic Energy ...
Ralph A. James
Similarly, americium (atomic number 95) was discovered in 1944-45 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan and ... The New Element Americium (Atomic Number 95).] Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, & Leon O.Morgan. NNES PPR (National Nuclear ... and americium (1944-1945). Later he worked at UCLA and at the Lawrence Livermore laboratory in California. He also worked on ... https://www.orau.org/ptp/Library/americiumdiscovery.pdf The New Element Americium (Atomic Number 95). Seaborg, G.T.; James, R.A ...
Perxenate
Sodium perxenate, Na4XeO6, can be used for the analytic separation of trace amounts of americium from curium. The separation ... ISBN 0-12-023646-X. Holcomb, H. P. (March 1965). "Analytical Oxidation of Americium with Sodium Perxenate". Analytical ...
David Hahn
His intention was to obtain americium from them. In his mug shot, his face was covered with sores, which investigators believed ... Hahn diligently amassed radioactive material by collecting small amounts from household products, such as americium from smoke ... episode of the CBS series Young Sheldon features the protagonist attempting to build a nuclear reactor by extracting americium ...
1944 in science
Americium discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, et al. August 7 - IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the ...
Seznam chemických prvků - Wikipedie
americium. Americium. 243. 7 96. Cm. curium. Curium. 247. 7 97. Bk. berkelium. Berkelium. 247. 7 ...
Allotropy
Promethium, americium, berkelium and californium have three allotropes each. In 2017, the concept of nanoallotropy was proposed ...
Synthetic element
The synthesis of americium, berkelium, and californium followed soon. Einsteinium and fermium were created by a team of ...
Larned B. Asprey
He wrote his thesis on "Equilibria in the oxide systems of praseodymium and americium". The Aspreys moved to Los Alamos, New ... Elements 95 and 96, originally called "pandemonium" and "delirium", were eventually named americium and curium by analogy with ... "Equilibria in the oxide systems of praseodymium and americium". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved March 21, 2016. " ... fluoride-soluble oxidation state of americium was one of the keys to the subsequent discovery of element 97, berkelium, at ...
Bismuth-209
"Isotope data for americium-241 in the Periodic Table". "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved ...
Isotopes of americium - Wikipedia
Main article: Americium-241. Americium-241 is the most prevalent isotope of americium in nuclear waste.[8] It is the isotope ... Americium-243[edit]. Americium-243 has a mass of 243.06138 g/mol and a half-life of 7,370 years, the longest lasting of all ... Americium has an atomic number of 95 (the number of protons in the nucleus of the americium atom). ... Americium-242m[edit]. Transmutation flow between 238Pu and 244Cm in LWR.[9]. Fission percentage is 100 minus shown percentages. ...
Americium | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Exposure to very large amounts of radioactive americium may result in increased cancer risk. Americium has been found in at ... Very low levels of americium occur in air, water, soil, and food. ... What is americium?. Americium is a man-made radioactive chemical. Americium has no naturally occurring or stable isotopes. Two ... What happens to americium when it enters the environment?. *Americium released to the air (from nuclear weapon tests) will be ...
Americium | Toxicological Profile | ATSDR
Americium - Wikipedia
Americium(III) oxide is a red-brown solid with a melting point of 2205 °C. Americium(IV) oxide is the main form of solid ... Americium is used in the most common type of household smoke detector, which uses 241Am in the form of americium dioxide as its ... Borides of americium include AmB4 and AmB6. The tetraboride can be obtained by heating an oxide or halide of americium with ... Metallic americium is obtained by reduction from its compounds. Americium(III) fluoride was first used for this purpose. The ...
CDC Radiation Emergencies | Americium-241 (Am-241
Americium chloride - Wikipedia
CDC Radiation Emergencies | Radioisotope Brief: Americium-241 (Am-241)
Americium
- Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table
Element Americium (Am), Group 20, Atomic Number 95, f-block, Mass [243]. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, ... Thats because americium is used in many smoke detectors. A tiny quantity - less than a millionth of a gram - of americium 241 ... None of americiums isotopes are truly stable - the longest lasting, americium-243, has a half-life of 7370 years, while many ... The americium was produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. This produced isotope americium-241, ...
Americium - definition of americium by The Free Dictionary
americium synonyms, americium pronunciation, americium translation, English dictionary definition of americium. n. Symbol Am A ... americium. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. am·er·i·ci·um. (ăm′ə-rĭsh′ē-əm). n. ... Americium - definition of americium by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/americium ... americium. [ˌæməˈrɪsɪəm] N → americio m. Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William ...
Petition for Americium Emergency Stockpile
It carries the country name of my birth; Americium. A certain form of Americium is ideal for a type of nuclear solid fuel ... the original Tsolkovsky space train with a several hundred foot long slender skeleton mounting these one shot Americium ... It carries the country name of my birth; Americium.. A certain form of Americium is ideal for a type of nuclear solid fuel ... Petition for Americium Emergency Stockpile Posted by Gary Michael Church in categories: asteroid/comet impacts, business, ...
Plutonium and Americium Aluminate Perovskites. | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®
Browsing Publications by Subject "Americium"
Periodic Table of Elements: Americium - Am (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
Comprehensive information for the element Americium - Am is provided by this page including scores of properties, element names ... Americium Menu. *Americium Page One*Overview of Americium*Americiums Name in Other Languages*Atomic Structure of Americium* ... Americium Menu. *Americium Page One*Overview of Americium*Americiums Name in Other Languages*Atomic Structure of Americium* ... Americiums Name in Other Languages. *Latin: Americium*Czech: Americium*Croatian: Americij*French: Américium*German: Amerizium ...
A series of dithiocarbamates for americium, curium, and californium (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
A series of dithiocarbamates for americium, curium, and californium Journal Article Cary, Samantha K. ; Su, Jing ; Galley, ... Accepted Manuscript: A series of dithiocarbamates for americium, curium, and californium. This content will become publicly ... COMPLEX FORMATION OF AMERICIUM, CURIUM, CALIFORNIUM, PROMETHIUM, AND EUROPIUM WITH 2-HYDROXYETHYLIMINODIACETEC ACID. ... title = {A series of dithiocarbamates for americium, curium, and californium},. author = {Cary, Samantha K. and Su, Jing and ...
按主题"Americium"浏览Publications
Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology | Springer for Research & Development
Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology at the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies in Honolulu, ... A Study on the Stability of Americium(V) and Americium(VI) in Nitrate Media ... Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology. Papers from a Symposium given at the 1984 International Chemical Congress of ... Thus, this volume is a review of the chemistry of americium and curium, and provides a perspective on the current research on ...
АРСЕНИДЫ АМЕРИЦИЯ (americium arsenides): Topics by WorldWideScience.org
Lithium reduction of americium dioxide to generate americium metal Usami T.; Kato T.; Kurata M.; Inoue T.; Sims H.E.; Beetham S ... Synthesis of americium trichloride by the reaction of americium nitride with cadmium chloride ... HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS OF NEUTRON ENERGY SPECTRA FROM AMERICIUM-BERYLLIUM AND AMERICIUM-BORON NEUTRON SOURCES (BERYLLIUM ... NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS AND HYPERFINE ANOMALIES OF RHENIUM-186, RHENIUM-188, AND AMERICIUM-241, AMERICIUM-242. ...
tris(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)americium(III)- 2(tributylphosphate) complex
9-79 Americium-241, which is used in some smoke detectors, has a half-life of 432 years and is an alpha emitter. What is the...
What is the decay product of americium-241, and approximately what percentage of the original americium-241 will be still ... What is the decay product of americium-241, and approximately what percentage of the original americium-241 will be still ... What is the decay product of americium-241, and approximately what percentage of the original americium-241 will be still ... 9 - 9-79 Americium-241, which is used in some smoke...Ch. 9 - 9-80 On rare occasions, a nucleus will capture a...Ch. 9 - 9-81 A ...
Americium binding to humic acid. - Lancaster EPrints
Scientist Marco Kalthofen's Presentation To The American Public Health Association: Americium (A Byproduct Of Plutonium Decay)...
The effect of sodium dibutylphosphate on the remobilization of americium and plutonium from Irish Sea sediments. - Lancaster...
Occupational contamination with americium and Ca-DTPA treatment | Radioprotection
Americium | PhysicsOpenLab
Americium mass and molar concentrations
Convert between mass and molar concentrations of Americium using its molecular weight. Materials mass and molar concentrations ... Americium weighs 13.67 gram per cubic centimeter or 13 670 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. density of americium is equal to 13 ... About this page: Concentration of Americium. **The units of amount of substance (e.g. mole) per milliliter, liter and deciliter ... Melting Point (MP), Americium changes its state from solid to liquid at 994°C (1821.2°F or 1267.15K) ...
Americium Dream Distractions: July 2009
Americium Dream Documents: February 2010
Americium Dream Distractions: May 2010
CuriumUraniumToxicological Profile for AmericiumIsotopes of americPlutonium and americiumEuropiumPentavalent americium1944NeutronsCompounds241Am and 243AmChemistryNuclearIonsAmericaChlorideATSDRThoriumRadioactive metalElectronsAqueousProtonsLiverDecayRadiationAbsorptionDiscoveryPreparation7370NaturallyElementsSoilBonesSmokeYearsAtomicChemicalHalf-life
Curium16
- Following the lighter neptunium, plutonium, and heavier curium, americium was the fourth transuranium element to be discovered. (wikipedia.org)
- The separation of curium and americium was so painstaking that those elements were initially called by the Berkeley group as pandemonium (from Greek for all demons or hell) and delirium (from Latin for madness). (wikipedia.org)
- Other radioactive components, such as plutonium, americium , and curium, with half-lives of "thousands of years," were not addressed at all (House of Commons, 2013). (thefreedictionary.com)
- The papers included in this volume were presented at the symposium on "Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology" at the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies in Honolulu, Hawaii, December 16-21, 1984. (springer.com)
- This symposium commemorated forty years of research on americium and curium. (springer.com)
- Accordingly, the papers included in this volume begin with historical perspectives on the discovery of americium and curium and the early characterization of their chemical properties, and then cover a wide range of subjects, such as thermodynamic properties, electronic structure, nuclear reactions, analytic chemistry, high pressure phase transitions, and technological aspects. (springer.com)
- Thus, this volume is a review of the chemistry of americium and curium, and provides a perspective on the current research on these elements forty years after their discovery. (springer.com)
- The following report analyzes results from studies made while applying chelating agents to ion exchange separations of the elements americium and curium. (unt.edu)
- A procedure for separating curium from americium and the preparation of terbium tetrafluoride, which lead to its discovery, is also included. (unt.edu)
- The following report presents data and conclusions from investigations of the chemical properties of elements 95 (americium, Am) and 96 (curium, Cu) by means of tracer techniques. (unt.edu)
- Americium and Curium ( Wolfgang Runde ). (wiley.com)
- Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology: Papers from a by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg (auth. (sandifeet.com)
- The papers integrated during this quantity have been offered on the symposium on "Americium and Curium Chemistry and expertise" on the foreign Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies in Honolulu, Hawaii, December 16-21, 1984. (sandifeet.com)
- This symposium venerated 40 years of study on americium and curium. (sandifeet.com)
- as a result, the papers integrated during this quantity start with historic views at the discovery of americium and curium and the early characterization in their chemical homes, after which conceal a variety of topics, similar to thermodynamic houses, digital constitution, nuclear reactions, analytic chemistry, excessive strain part transitions, and technological elements. (sandifeet.com)
- hence, this quantity is a overview of the chemistry of americium and curium, and gives a point of view at the present study on those components 40 years after their discovery. (sandifeet.com)
Uranium4
- Most americium is produced by uranium or plutonium being bombarded with neutrons in nuclear reactors - one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 100 grams of americium. (wikipedia.org)
- Americium occurs naturally in uranium minerals, but only in trace amounts. (rsc.org)
- Americium doesn't have the same name recognition as a plutonium and uranium, but researchers have been trying to remove it from nuclear waste for decades. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The regulations in 10 CFR 31.5 require certain general licensees who possess devices containing at least 370 MBq (10 mCi) of cesium-137, 3.7 MBq (0.1 mCi) of strontium-90, 37 MBq (1 mCi) of cobalt-60, or 37 MBq (1 mCi) of americium-241 and radium-226, 3.7 MBq (.1mCi), or any other transuranic (i.e., element with atomic number greater than uranium [92]) to register with the NRC. (nrc.gov)
Toxicological Profile for Americium2
Isotopes of americ1
- Two important isotopes of americium are americium 241 ( 241 Am) (read as americium two-forty-one) and 243 Am. Both isotopes have the same chemical behavior in the environment and the same chemical effects on your body. (cdc.gov)
Plutonium and americium1
- Plutonium and Americium Aluminate Perovskites. (americanelements.com)
Europium5
- it was thus by analogy named after the Americas: "The name americium (after the Americas) and the symbol Am are suggested for the element on the basis of its position as the sixth member of the actinide rare-earth series, analogous to europium, Eu, of the lanthanide series. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, we could rather quickly disp·el the notion that americium had an attainable divalent state by observing that the trivalent absorption persisted in spite of reducing agents that yielded both europium(II) and samarium(II). (sandifeet.com)
- from the early tracer studies, and reinforced by the location of americium in the new actinide series as a homolog of europium. (sandifeet.com)
- EXAFS studies of the dicomplexes of CyMe4-BTBP with americium(III) and europium(III) in nitrobenzene, cyclohexanone, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol and malonamide (DMDOHEMA) in 1-octanol have been carried out to get a deeper understanding of the parameters responsible for the separation. (slu.se)
- The separation of americium(III) from europium(III) with CyMe4-BTBP as extraction agent will increase with decreasing relative permittivity of the solvent, and thereby also with decreasing solubility of CyMe4-BTBP. (slu.se)
Pentavalent americium2
- From abstract: 'A compound that is shown to be KAmO₂F₂ is prepared by the addition of a saturated solution of KF to an acid solution of pentavalent americium. (unt.edu)
- tetravalent americium was demonstrated in the dioxide, pentavalent americium as the potassium carbonate salt of unknown composition. (sandifeet.com)
19444
- Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, as part of the Manhattan Project. (wikipedia.org)
- Although americium was likely produced in previous nuclear experiments, it was first intentionally synthesized, isolated and identified in late autumn 1944, at the University of California, Berkeley, by Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon O. Morgan, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso. (wikipedia.org)
- Americium was first made late in 1944 at the University of Chicago by a team which included Glenn Seaborg, Ralph James, Leon Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso. (rsc.org)
- The discovery of americium was made in 1944, as just recounted in the first paper of this session by one of the discoverers, Glenn T. Seaborg. (sandifeet.com)
Neutrons3
- Americium-241 was directly obtained from plutonium upon absorption of two neutrons. (wikipedia.org)
- The americium was produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. (rsc.org)
- How many protons neutrons and electrons does Americium have? (answers.com)
Compounds3
- In chemical compounds, americium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, especially in solutions. (wikipedia.org)
- Americium chloride can refer to: Americium(II) chloride, AmCl2 Americium(III) chloride, AmCl3 This set index page lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
- The following report describes x-ray diffraction patterns of various compounds of americium and its crystal structures. (unt.edu)
241Am and 243Am1
- The long-range availability of Americium looks attractive since increasing quantities of 241Am and 243Am could be expected from Plutonium recycle either in light-water power reactors or fast breeder reactors. (thefreedictionary.com)
Chemistry3
- 28 R. A. PENN EM AN Los Alamos work began to focus on the new americium chemistry itself by 1950. (sandifeet.com)
- This was the status of americium chemistry when the Los Alamos work began. (sandifeet.com)
- They include the first major isolation of americium from impure plutonium, and significant expansion of americium chemistry. (sandifeet.com)
Nuclear6
- Americium released to the air (from nuclear weapon tests) will be associated with particles and will settle to the soil and water in rain or snow. (cdc.gov)
- They may also be exposed to very low levels of americium radiation from smoke detectors and fallout from nuclear weapons testing. (cdc.gov)
- People working at sites where transuranic waste from nuclear weapons efforts or spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants are stored may be exposed to higher levels of americium. (cdc.gov)
- Higher-than-normal levels of americium may be in soil near a nuclear waste site, nuclear reactor, or plant that manufactures ionization smoke detectors. (cdc.gov)
- A certain form of Americium is ideal for a type of nuclear solid fuel rocket. (lifeboat.com)
- The use of americium-241 and radium-226 is authorized in calibration or reference sources by any person in a non-Agreement State or any government agency that holds a specific license authorizing the receipt, possession, use, and transfer of byproduct material, source material, or special nuclear material. (nrc.gov)
Ions1
- Neutron-deficient americium isotopes 233,234,235,236 Am were produced in the bombardment of multiple thin targets of 233 U and 235 U with 7.6-10.5 MeV/nucleon 6 Li ions. (elsevier.com)
America1
- Americium is named for America where it was first made. (rsc.org)
Chloride1
- The following document focuses on the study of the absorption spectra of americium chloride. (unt.edu)
ATSDR1
- For more information about Am-241, see the Public Health Statement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html , or visit the Environmental Protection Agency at http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/americium.html external icon . (cdc.gov)
Thorium1
- The book examines the effect of distribution of alkaline earth, of plutonium, of thorium, of americium, and of phosphorus in bone growth. (elsevier.com)
Radioactive metal2
- Americium is a relatively soft radioactive metal with silvery appearance. (wikipedia.org)
- Americium is a silvery, shiny radioactive metal. (rsc.org)
Electrons1
- Americium has 95 protons and electrons. (answers.com)
Aqueous2
- Of course, trivalent americium was demonstrated to be a very stable aqueous ion. (sandifeet.com)
- it was believed (erroneously) that americium also possessed an attainable aqueous divalent state. (sandifeet.com)
Protons1
- Americium has an atomic number of 95 (the number of protons in the nucleus of the americium atom). (wikipedia.org)
Liver2
Decay2
- The effect of americium α-decay on this material has been followed by XRD and Al MAS NMR analyses. (americanelements.com)
- What is the decay product of americium-241, and approximately what percentage of the original americium-241 will be still around after 1000 years? (bartleby.com)
Radiation4
- People producing or handling americium in smoke detectors or other devices may be exposed to higher levels of radiation. (cdc.gov)
- The radiation from exposure to americium is the primary cause of adverse health effects from americium. (cdc.gov)
- The radiation given off by americium can change the genetic material of the bone cells and this could result in the formation of bone cancers. (cdc.gov)
- In the past Americium was used as a source of radiation for radiography. (environmentalchemistry.com)
Absorption1
- A drug named 'Medetopect' consisting of apple pectins, vitamin C and calcium phosphate reduces absorption of Plutonium-239 and Americium-241 from the gastrointestinal tract of animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
Discovery1
- It followed the pioneer work on americium which Cunningham, Werner and Perlman had provided in the half-dozen years following its discovery. (sandifeet.com)
Preparation1
- Research progress is reported on studies of the transplutonium elements including recovery and purification of americium, preparation of /sup 238/Pu, extraction studies using diethylhexyl phosphate. (osti.gov)
73701
- These ceased to function a billion years ago, and as the longest lived isotope is americium-247, with a half-life of 7370 years, none has survived to the present day. (rsc.org)
Naturally1
- Americium has no naturally occurring or stable isotopes. (cdc.gov)
Elements2
- Periodic Table of Elements - Americium - Am. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. (environmentalchemistry.com)
- This report applies the method to an investigation of the corresponding reaction of americium, representing a part of a systematic program of investigation of the thermodynamic properties of analogous reactions of lanthanide and actinide elements. (unt.edu)
Soil4
- Very low levels of americium occur in air, water, soil, and food, as well as in smoke detectors. (cdc.gov)
- Americium strongly sticks to soil particles and does not travel very far into the ground. (cdc.gov)
- Plants may take up small amounts of americium from the soil. (cdc.gov)
- The general population may be exposed to very small amounts of americium in air, water, soil, and food. (cdc.gov)
Bones2
Smoke6
- 241 Americium is used in ionization smoke detectors. (cdc.gov)
- Americium is commonly used in smoke alarms, but has few other uses. (rsc.org)
- Americium is used as a source of alpha particles for smoke detectors and gamma rays for industrial gauges. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 9-79 Americium-241, which is used in some smoke detectors, has a half-life of 432 years and is an alpha emitter. (bartleby.com)
- Americium from smoke detectors? (physicsforums.com)
- Did you get the Americium from a smoke detector? (scienceforums.net)
Years2
- Nineteen radioisotopes of americium- 223 Am, 229 Am, 230 Am, and those ranging from 232 Am to 247 Am-have been characterized, with the most stable being 243 Am with a half-life of 7,370 years, and 241 Am with a half-life of 432.2 years. (wikipedia.org)
- This produced isotope americium-241, which has a half-life of this is 432 years. (rsc.org)
Atomic2
- Americium ( 95 Am) is an artificial element , and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. (wikipedia.org)
- Americium is a synthetic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Am and atomic number 95. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical2
- Americium is a man-made radioactive chemical. (cdc.gov)
- The chemical symbol of americium is Am. (answers.com)
Half-life1
- This report calculates the alpha half-life of americium-243 and reporting a measurement error. (unt.edu)