Alzheimer disease. Medical search

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.

Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).

A single-pass type I membrane protein. It is cleaved by AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN SECRETASES to produce peptides of varying amino acid lengths. A 39-42 amino acid peptide, AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES is a principal component of the extracellular amyloid in SENILE PLAQUES.

Abnormal structures located in various parts of the brain and composed of dense arrays of paired helical filaments (neurofilaments and microtubules). These double helical stacks of transverse subunits are twisted into left-handed ribbon-like filaments that likely incorporate the following proteins: (1) the intermediate filaments: medium- and high-molecular-weight neurofilaments; (2) the microtubule-associated proteins map-2 and tau; (3) actin; and (4) UBIQUITINS. As one of the hallmarks of ALZHEIMER DISEASE, the neurofibrillary tangles eventually occupy the whole of the cytoplasm in certain classes of cell in the neocortex, hippocampus, brain stem, and diencephalon. The number of these tangles, as seen in post mortem histology, correlates with the degree of dementia during life. Some studies suggest that tangle antigens leak into the systemic circulation both in the course of normal aging and in cases of Alzheimer disease.

Accumulations of extracellularly deposited AMYLOID FIBRILS within tissues.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at only one residue 112 (cysteine is replaced by arginine), and exhibits a lower resistance to denaturation and greater propensity to form folded intermediates. Apo E4 is a risk factor for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Endopeptidases that are specific for AMYLOID PROTEIN PRECURSOR. Three secretase subtypes referred to as alpha, beta, and gamma have been identified based upon the region of amyloid protein precursor they cleave.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.

Integral membrane protein of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Its homodimer is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES precursors. PSEN1 mutations cause early-onset ALZHEIMER DISEASE type 3 that may occur as early as 30 years of age in humans.

A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.

Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.

An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

The delicate interlacing threads, formed by aggregations of neurofilaments and neurotubules, coursing through the CYTOPLASM of the body of a NEURON and extending from one DENDRITE into another or into the AXON.

A prodromal phase of cognitive decline that may precede the emergence of ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other dementias. It may include impairment of cognition, such as impairments in language, visuospatial awareness, ATTENTION and MEMORY.

A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Standardized clinical interview used to assess current psychopathology by scaling patient responses to the questions.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)

AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

Integral membrane proteins and essential components of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES precursors. Mutations of presenilins lead to presenile ALZHEIMER DISEASE with onset before age 65 years.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. Through basic and clinical biomedical research and training, it conducts and supports research into the nature of the aging process and diseases associated with the later stages of life. The Institute was established in 1974.

Tissue in the BASAL FOREBRAIN inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and ansa lenticularis. It contains the BASAL NUCLEUS OF MEYNERT.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Proteins that form the core of amyloid fibrils. For example, the core of amyloid A is formed from amyloid A protein, also known as serum amyloid A protein or SAA protein.

Postmortem examination of the body.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

Extracellular protease inhibitors that are secreted from FIBROBLASTS. They form a covalent complex with SERINE PROTEASES and can mediate their cellular internalization and degradation.

Clinical or physiological indicators that precede the onset of disease.

Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.

Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.

Aryl CYCLOPENTANES that are a reduced (protonated) form of INDENES.

Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias. These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. While no potent nootropic drugs have yet been accepted for general use, several are being actively investigated.

A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic, round to elongated inclusions found in vacuoles of injured or fragmented neurons. The presence of Lewy bodies is the histological marker of the degenerative changes in LEWY BODY DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE but they may be seen in other neurological conditions. They are typically found in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but they are also seen in the basal forebrain, hypothalamic nuclei, and neocortex.

A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.

The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.

A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.

Abnormal structures located chiefly in distal dendrites and, along with NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES and SENILE PLAQUES, constitute the three morphological hallmarks of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. Neuropil threads are made up of straight and paired helical filaments which consist of abnormally phosphorylated microtubule-associated tau proteins. It has been suggested that the threads have a major role in the cognitive impairment seen in Alzheimer disease.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

An enzyme the catalyzes the degradation of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides. It is inhibited by bacitracin, chelating agents EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, and by thiol-blocking reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide, but not phosphoramidon. (Eur J Biochem 1994;223:1-5) EC 3.4.24.56.

A 34-kDa glycosylated protein. A major and most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. Therefore, it is also known as apolipoprotein E (ApoE). In human, Apo E3 is a 299-amino acid protein with a cysteine at the 112 and an arginine at the 158 position. It is involved with the transport of TRIGLYCERIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and CHOLESTERYL ESTERS in and out of the cells.

A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A subclass of clathrin assembly proteins that occur as monomers.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

One of three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E2 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at one residue 158 where arginine is replaced by cysteine (R158--C). In contrast to Apo E3, Apo E2 displays extremely low binding affinity for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) which mediate the internalization and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in liver cells. ApoE2 allelic homozygosity is associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

A neurobehavioral syndrome associated with bilateral medial temporal lobe dysfunction. Clinical manifestations include oral exploratory behavior; tactile exploratory behavior; hypersexuality; BULIMIA; MEMORY DISORDERS; placidity; and an inability to recognize objects or faces. This disorder may result from a variety of conditions, including CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; infections; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PICK DISEASE OF THE BRAIN; and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.

A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.

Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.

Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.

A neuronal calcium sensor protein that is expressed as several isoforms and can interact with ACTIN; TUBULIN; and CLATHRIN.

A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.

A family of proteins that share sequence similarity with the low density lipoprotein receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL).

A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS CA1 FIELD and the HIPPOCAMPUS CA3 FIELD.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.

Persons who provide care to those who need supervision or assistance in illness or disability. They may provide the care in the home, in a hospital, or in an institution. Although caregivers include trained medical, nursing, and other health personnel, the concept also refers to parents, spouses, or other family members, friends, members of the clergy, teachers, social workers, fellow patients.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A serine-threonine kinase that plays important roles in CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MIGRATION; and CELL DEATH of NERVE CELLS. It is closely related to other CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES but does not seem to participate in CELL CYCLE regulation.

Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Cerebral cortex region on the medial aspect of the PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS, immediately caudal to the OLFACTORY CORTEX of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY.

A republic in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is Santo Domingo. With Haiti, it forms the island of Hispaniola - the Dominican Republic occupying the eastern two thirds, and Haiti, the western third. It was created in 1844 after a revolt against the rule of President Boyer over the entire island of Hispaniola, itself visited by Columbus in 1492 and settled the next year. Except for a brief period of annexation to Spain (1861-65), it has been independent, though closely associated with the United States. Its name comes from the Spanish Santo Domingo, Holy Sunday, with reference to its discovery on a Sunday. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p338, 506 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p151)

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.

Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

The area that lies between continental North and South America and comprises the Caribbean Sea, the West Indies, and the adjacent mainland regions of southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.

Normal cellular isoform of prion proteins (PRIONS) encoded by a chromosomal gene and found in normal and scrapie-infected brain tissue, and other normal tissue. PrPC are protease-sensitive proteins whose function is unknown. Posttranslational modification of PrPC into PrPSC leads to infectivity.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 7; CASPASE 8; and CASPASE 10. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The production of a dense fibrous network of neuroglia; includes astrocytosis, which is a proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a degenerative lesion.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolism of neurofilaments is disturbed in Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by the presence of neurofilament epitopes in the neurofibrillary tangles, as well as by the severe reduction of the expression of the gene for the light neurofilament subunit of the neurofilament triplet in brains of Alzheimer's patients. (Can J Neurol Sci 1990 Aug;17(3):302)

A progressive form of dementia characterized by the global loss of language abilities and initial preservation of other cognitive functions. Fluent and nonfluent subtypes have been described. Eventually a pattern of global cognitive dysfunction, similar to ALZHEIMER DISEASE, emerges. Pathologically, there are no Alzheimer or PICK DISEASE like changes, however, spongiform changes of cortical layers II and III are present in the TEMPORAL LOBE and FRONTAL LOBE. (From Brain 1998 Jan;121(Pt 1):115-26)

Small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by procedures that modify NUCLEIC ACIDS and contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein which is a major and necessary component. The abnormal (scrapie) isoform is PrPSc (PRPSC PROTEINS) and the cellular isoform PrPC (PRPC PROTEINS). The primary amino acid sequence of the two isoforms is identical. Human diseases caused by prions include CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME; GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER SYNDROME; and INSOMNIA, FATAL FAMILIAL.

A genus of the family Lemuridae consisting of five species: L. catta (ring-tailed lemur), L. fulvus, L. macaco (acoumba or black lemur), L. mongoz (mongoose lemur), and L. variegatus (white lemur). Most members of this genus occur in forested areas on Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.

The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)

The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and collateral sulci.

An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.

An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; prolonged inactivity due to illness; and other conditions.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES that plays a role in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.

A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.

Licensed physicians trained in OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE. An osteopathic physician, also known as D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy), is able to perform surgery and prescribe medications.

A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Enzyme that is a major constituent of kidney brush-border membranes and is also present to a lesser degree in the brain and other tissues. It preferentially catalyzes cleavage at the amino group of hydrophobic residues of the B-chain of insulin as well as opioid peptides and other biologically active peptides. The enzyme is inhibited primarily by EDTA, phosphoramidon, and thiorphan and is reactivated by zinc. Neprilysin is identical to common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA Antigen), an important marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is no relationship with CALLA PLANT.

Uncrossed tracts of motor nerves from the brain to the anterior horns of the spinal cord, involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

Capacity that enables an individual to cope with and/or recover from the impact of a neural injury or a psychotic episode.

Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. This can include administration of immunopotentiating agents such as BCG vaccine and Corynebacterium parvum as well as biological response modifiers such as interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors in order to directly stimulate the immune system.

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.

A scale comprising 18 symptom constructs chosen to represent relatively independent dimensions of manifest psychopathology. The initial intended use was to provide more efficient assessment of treatment response in clinical psychopharmacology research; however, the scale was readily adapted to other uses. (From Hersen, M. and Bellack, A.S., Dictionary of Behavioral Assessment Techniques, p. 87)

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.

A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.

Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (1/11292)

Presenilin mutations give rise to familial Alzheimer's disease and result in elevated production of amyloid beta peptide. Recent evidence that presenilins act in developmental signalling pathways may be the key to understanding how senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and apoptosis are all biochemically linked. (+info)

Parametric mapping of cerebral blood flow deficits in Alzheimer's disease: a SPECT study using HMPAO and image standardization technique. (2/11292)

This study assessed the accuracy and reliability of Automated Image Registration (AIR) for standardization of brain SPECT images of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Standardized cerebral blood flow (CBF) images of patients with AD and control subjects were then used for group comparison and covariance analyses. METHODS: Thirteen patients with AD at an early stage (age 69.8+/-7.1 y, Clinical Dementia Rating Score 0.5-1.0, Mini-Mental State Examination score 19-23) and 20 age-matched normal subjects (age 69.5+/-8.3 y) participated in this study. 99mTc-hexamethyl propylenamine oxime (HMPAO) brain SPECT and CT scans were acquired for each subject. SPECT images were transformed to a standard size and shape with the help of AIR. Accuracy of AIR for spatial normalization was evaluated by an index calculated on SPECT images. Anatomical variability of standardized target images was evaluated by measurements on corresponding CT scans, spatially normalized using transformations established by the SPECT images. Realigned brain SPECT images of patients and controls were used for group comparison with the help of statistical parameter mapping. Significant differences were displayed on the respective voxel to generate three-dimensional Z maps. CT scans of individual subjects were evaluated by a computer program for brain atrophy. Voxel-based covariance analysis was performed on standardized images with ages and atrophy indices as independent variables. RESULTS: Inaccuracy assessed by functional data was 2.3%. The maximum anatomical variability was 4.9 mm after standardization. Z maps showed significantly decreased regional CBF (rCBF) in the frontal, parietal and temporal regions in the patient group (P < 0.001). Covariance analysis revealed that the effects of aging on rCBF were more pronounced compared with atrophy, especially in intact cortical areas at an early stage of AD. Decrease in rCBF was partly due to senility and atrophy, however these two factors cannot explain all the deficits. CONCLUSION: AIR can transform SPECT images of AD patients with acceptable accuracy without any need for corresponding structural images. The frontal regions of the brain, in addition to parietal and temporal lobes, may show reduced CBF in patients with AD even at an early stage of dementia. The reduced rCBF in the cortical regions cannot be explained entirely by advanced atrophy and fast aging process. (+info)

Proteolytic processing of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein within its cytoplasmic domain by caspase-like proteases. (3/11292)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neurodegeneration and deposition of betaA4, a peptide that is proteolytically released from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Missense mutations in the genes coding for APP and for the polytopic membrane proteins presenilin (PS) 1 and PS2 have been linked to familial forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Overexpression of presenilins, especially that of PS2, induces increased susceptibility for apoptosis that is even more pronounced in cells expressing presenilin mutants. Additionally, presenilins themselves are targets for activated caspases in apoptotic cells. When we analyzed APP in COS-7 cells overexpressing PS2, we observed proteolytic processing close to the APP carboxyl terminus. Proteolytic conversion was increased in the presence of PS2-I, which encodes one of the known PS2 pathogenic mutations. The same proteolytic processing occurred in cells treated with chemical inducers of apoptosis, suggesting a participation of activated caspases in the carboxyl-terminal truncation of APP. This was confirmed by showing that specific caspase inhibitors blocked the apoptotic conversion of APP. Sequence analysis of the APP cytosolic domain revealed a consensus motif for group III caspases ((IVL)ExD). Mutation of the corresponding Asp664 residue abolished cleavage, thereby identifying APP as a target molecule for caspase-like proteases in the pathways of programmed cellular death. (+info)

Microvessels from Alzheimer's disease brains kill neurons in vitro. (4/11292)

Understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is of widespread interest because it is an increasingly prevalent disorder that is progressive, fatal, and currently untreatable. The dementia of Alzheimer's disease is caused by neuronal cell death. We demonstrate for the first time that blood vessels isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients can directly kill neurons in vitro. Either direct co-culture of Alzheimer's disease microvessels with neurons or incubation of cultured neurons with conditioned medium from microvessels results in neuronal cell death. In contrast, vessels from elderly nondemented donors are significantly (P<0.001) less lethal and brain vessels from younger donors are not neurotoxic. Neuronal killing by either direct co-culture with Alzheimer's disease microvessels or conditioned medium is dose- and time-dependent. Neuronal death can occur by either apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. The microvessel factor is neurospecific, killing primary cortical neurons, cerebellar granule neurons, and differentiated PC-12 cells, but not non-neuronal cell types or undifferentiated PC-12 cells. Appearance of the neurotoxic factor is decreased by blocking microvessel protein synthesis with cycloheximide. The neurotoxic factor is soluble and likely a protein, because its activity is heat labile and trypsin sensitive. These findings implicate a novel mechanism of vascular-mediated neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. (+info)

Specific regional transcription of apolipoprotein E in human brain neurons. (5/11292)

In central nervous system injury and disease, apolipoprotein E (APOE, gene; apoE, protein) might be involved in neuronal injury and death indirectly through extracellular effects and/or more directly through intracellular effects on neuronal metabolism. Although intracellular effects could clearly be mediated by neuronal uptake of extracellular apoE, recent experiments in injury models in normal rodents and in mice transgenic for the human APOE gene suggest the additional possibility of intraneuronal synthesis. To examine whether APOE might be synthesized by human neurons, we performed in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded and frozen brain sections from three nondemented controls and five Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using digoxigenin-labeled antisense and sense cRNA probes to human APOE. Using the antisense APOE probes, we found the expected strong hybridization signal in glial cells as well as a generally fainter signal in selected neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In hippocampus, many APOE mRNA-containing neurons were observed in sectors CA1 to CA4 and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. In these regions, APOE mRNA containing neurons could be observed adjacent to nonhybridizing neurons of the same cell class. APOE mRNA transcription in neurons is regionally specific. In cerebellar cortex, APOE mRNA was seen only in Bergmann glial cells and scattered astrocytes but not in Purkinje cells or granule cell neurons. ApoE immunocytochemical localization in semi-adjacent sections supported the selectivity of APOE transcription. These results demonstrate the expected result that APOE mRNA is transcribed and expressed in glial cells in human brain. The important new finding is that APOE mRNA is also transcribed and expressed in many neurons in frontal cortex and human hippocampus but not in neurons of cerebellar cortex from the same brains. This regionally specific human APOE gene expression suggests that synthesis of apoE might play a role in regional vulnerability of neurons in AD. These results also provide a direct anatomical context for hypotheses proposing a role for apoE isoforms on neuronal cytoskeletal stability and metabolism. (+info)

Increased phosphoglycerate kinase in the brains of patients with Down's syndrome but not with Alzheimer's disease. (6/11292)

Impaired glucose metabolism in Down's syndrome (DS) has been well-documented in vivo, although information on the underlying biochemical defect is limited and no biochemical studies on glucose handling enzymes have been carried out in the brain. Through gene hunting in fetal DS brain we found an overexpressed sequence homologous to the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene. This finding was studied further by investigating the activity levels of this key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism in the brains of patients with DS. PGK activity was determined in five brain regions of nine patients with DS, nine patients with Alzheimer's disease and 14 controls. PGK activity was significantly elevated in the frontal, occipital and temporal lobe and in the cerebellum of patients with DS. PGK activity in corresponding brain regions of patients with Alzheimer's disease was comparable with controls. We conclude that our findings complement previously published data on impaired brain glucose metabolism in DS evaluated by positron emission tomography in clinical studies. Furthermore, we show that in DS, impaired glucose metabolism, represented by increased PGK activity, is a specific finding rather than a secondary phenomenon simply due to neurodegeneration or atrophy. These observations are also supported by data from subtractive hybridization, showing overexpressed PGK in DS brains at the transcriptional level early in life. (+info)

Translation of the alzheimer amyloid precursor protein mRNA is up-regulated by interleukin-1 through 5'-untranslated region sequences. (7/11292)

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) because APP is processed into the beta-peptide that accumulates in amyloid plaques, and APP gene mutations can cause early onset AD. Inflammation is also associated with AD as exemplified by increased expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in microglia in affected areas of the AD brain. Here we demonstrate that IL-1alpha and IL-1beta increase APP synthesis by up to 6-fold in primary human astrocytes and by 15-fold in human astrocytoma cells without changing the steady-state levels of APP mRNA. A 90-nucleotide sequence in the APP gene 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) conferred translational regulation by IL-1alpha and IL-1beta to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Steady-state levels of transfected APP(5'-UTR)/CAT mRNAs were unchanged, whereas both base-line and IL-1-dependent CAT protein synthesis were increased. This APP mRNA translational enhancer maps from +55 to +144 nucleotides from the 5'-cap site and is homologous to related translational control elements in the 5'-UTR of the light and and heavy ferritin genes. Enhanced translation of APP mRNA provides a mechanism by which IL-1 influences the pathogenesis of AD. (+info)

Early phenotypic changes in transgenic mice that overexpress different mutants of amyloid precursor protein in brain. (8/11292)

Transgenic mice overexpressing different forms of amyloid precursor protein (APP), i.e. wild type or clinical mutants, displayed an essentially comparable early phenotype in terms of behavior, differential glutamatergic responses, deficits in maintenance of long term potentiation, and premature death. The cognitive impairment, demonstrated in F1 hybrids of the different APP transgenic lines, was significantly different from nontransgenic littermates as early as 3 months of age. Biochemical analysis of secreted and membrane-bound APP, C-terminal "stubs," and Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) peptides in brain indicated that no single intermediate can be responsible for the complex of phenotypic dysfunctions. As expected, the Abeta(42) levels were most prominent in APP/London transgenic mice and correlated directly with the formation of amyloid plaques in older mice of this line. Plaques were associated with immunoreactivity for hyperphosphorylated tau, eventually signaling some form of tau pathology. In conclusion, the different APP transgenic mouse lines studied display cognitive deficits and phenotypic traits early in life that dissociated in time from the formation of amyloid plaques and will be good models for both early and late neuropathological and clinical aspects of Alzheimer's disease. (+info)

Alzheimer's disease, a type of dementia, is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that affects an estimated 5.7 million Americans. (cdc.gov)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. (medlineplus.gov)
He said of the disease - the most common form of dementia, affecting roughly five million Americans - that, 'I am being treated with medications under the supervision of some of the finest doctors in the field. (newsday.com)
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a strong risk factor for dementia, both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
Osman is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of Sheffield studying the impact of cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) on neurovascular function in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease using pre-clinical models and neuroimaging techniques. (news-medical.net)
"Our data show that while former footballers had higher dementia rates, they had lower rates of death due to other major diseases. (scotsman.com)
Alzheimer 's Disease and its History, Symptoms, and Treatments Alzheimer's is a form of dementia and is a progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age. (ipl.org)
More commonly addressed in its chronic form, dementia is associated with a range of diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, the most common form of dementia (making up to 70% of cases), Parkinson's Disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and frontotemporal dementia. (ipl.org)
Dementia is a mental process disorder caused by a brain disease (like dementia) or a severe injury to the head. (ipl.org)
Dementia is one of the most feared diseases and expensive to society currently. (ipl.org)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, affecting around six in every 10 people with the condition in the UK. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Despite decades of research, Alzheimer's disease remains a debilitating and eventually fatal dementia with no effective treatment options. (medicalxpress.com)
About 560,000 Canadians suffer from some type of dementia (mental deterioration), and more than 60% of these have Alzheimer's disease. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
many conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels (e.g., high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity) are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
The blueberry fruit is loaded with healthful antioxidants that could help prevent devastating effects of Alzheimer's disease dementia. (disabled-world.com)
The primary efficacy variables were the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input (CIBIC-Plus) and the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory modified for severe dementia (ADCS-ADLsev). (unboundmedicine.com)
That they seem to be essential for lowering the risk of brain disorders, from the forgetfulness of senior moments to the more serious memory loss and cognitive decline of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, may convince the Franklins of the world that sleep is not for the lazy. (time.com)
BioChain's neurological diseased frozen tissue panels are designed for studying Alzheimer, Parkinson's Disease, Dementia, Multiple Sclerosis, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), and Depression diseases. (biochain.com)
BAN2401-G000-201, a randomized double-blind clinical trial, utilized a Bayesian design with response-adaptive randomization to assess 3 doses across 2 regimens of lecanemab versus placebo in early Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild AD dementia. (quanterix.com)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of Dementia, with over 70 percent of all Dementia cases occurring as a result of Alzheimer's. (momscareplan.com)
But, there are different kinds of dementia that are caused by different diseases and disorders of the brain including frontotemporal, Lewy Body, and vascular diseases. (bimari.pk)
Differentiating between Alzheimer's disease as well as other types of dementia with respect to clinical presentation and diagnosis could be challenging and could necessitate extensive testing in specialist centers. (bimari.pk)
Researchers have realized that a lot of these conditions and diseases may co-exist in the brain and combine to trigger the development of dementia. (bimari.pk)
In the United States, the cost of providing care for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia is estimated to be 203 billion dollars in 2013. (bimari.pk)
It is the most common type of dementia (a group of diseases which results in memory impairment). (yourchennai.com)
There are nearly 55 million people affected with dementia all over the world and nearly 70-80% of them have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. (yourchennai.com)
Alzheimer's disease, the most common type o f dementia , is becoming more prevalent as the average life expectancy continues to increase. (lcbseniorliving.com)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. (thehealthfact.com)
Other kinds of dementia include Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (thehealthfact.com)
Dementia only appears when our brains are impaired by neurodegenerative diseases. (kcl.ac.uk)
The most known neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (kcl.ac.uk)
There are still no effective treatments for the neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia, and many questions remain as to the root causes. (kcl.ac.uk)
The UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) is the single biggest investment the UK has ever made in neurodegenerative diseases, thanks to £290 million from founding funders the Medical Research Council (MRC), Alzheimer's Society and Alzheimer's Research UK. (kcl.ac.uk)
Our major disease interest is on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). (kcl.ac.uk)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia in the elderly. (lidsen.com)
We are looking at an example of the usefulness of multidisciplinary research to tackle diseases as complex and devastating as dementia. (healthwnews.com)
Multiple neuropathologic processes may underlie dementia, including both neurodegenerative diseases and vascular disease. (medscape.com)
2] All dementia share common molecular mechanisms responsible for disease etiology and progression, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier permeability. (medscape.com)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease responsible for dementia. (medscape.com)
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive form of dementia that affects nearly 6.5 million people in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent form of dementia that affects elderly people and it is defined as a progressive and persistent loss of multiple areas of intellectual functions. (bvsalud.org)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, which contributes to a decline in memory, thinking, and social. (medlineplus.gov)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by increasing dementia. (mbexc.de)
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is estimated to make up 50-80% of all cases. (ucl.ac.uk)
We hypothesized that periodontitis would be associated with increased dementia severity and a more rapid cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease . (bvsalud.org)
We aimed to determine if periodontitis in Alzheimer's disease is associated with both increased dementia severity and cognitive decline , and an increased systemic pro inflammatory state . (bvsalud.org)
In 1998 Alzheimer's disease ranked 12th among leading causes of death but jumped to 8th in 1999, due mainly to the inclusion of a cause of death formerly classified separately as "presenile dementia," which accounted for a substantial number of additional Alzheimer's deaths in 1999. (cdc.gov)
The presentation of degenerative disease in focal areas of the cerebral cortex is the hallmark of the family of diseases referred to as frontotemporal dementia (also termed frontotemporal lobar degeneration). (medscape.com)

There have been a number of rumors and some press reaching out to me,' the Brooklyn-born Lawrence, 83, said in a statement to Newsday through his representative, Howard Bragman, 'and I feel it's important that I tell my own truth: I have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and it's in the early stages. (newsday.com)
Tony was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2015, and Josie followed a year later. (denverpost.com)
For example, if an individual had undergone a serious accident and had head trauma, this could play an important role in being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. (ipl.org)
Tony Bennett has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease - but it hasn't quieted his legendary voice.The singer's wife and son revealed in the latest edition of AARP The Magazine that Bennett was first diagnosed with the irreversible neurological disorder in 2016. (wbaltv.com)
Tony Bennett has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease - but it hasn't quieted his legendary voice. (wbaltv.com)
What are the most important things individuals recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease should know? (agingresearch.org)
This forgetfulness progressed until, eventually, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. (dragoosoilblends.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, Surveillance Branch. (cdc.gov)
The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
I'm Commander Ibad Khan, and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA, with the Emergency Risk Communication Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

Neuroinflammation has been known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative disease in general, and in AD in particular. (nih.gov)
Led by consultant neuropathologist Dr Willie Stewart, honorary clinical associate Professor at the University of Glasgow, the FIELD study found that former professional footballers had an approximately three and a half times higher rate of death due to neurodegenerative disease than expected. (scotsman.com)
Dr Stewart, said: "This is the largest study to date looking in this detail at the incidence of neurodegenerative disease in any sport, not just professional footballers. (scotsman.com)
A strength of our study design is that we could look in detail at rates of different neurodegenerative disease subtypes. (scotsman.com)
Although footballers had higher risk of death from neurodegenerative disease, they were less likely to die of other common diseases, such as heart disease and some cancers, including lung cancer. (scotsman.com)
As such, whilst every effort must be made to identify the factors contributing to the increased risk of neurodegenerative disease to allow this risk to be reduced, there are also wider potential health benefits of playing football to be considered. (scotsman.com)
The association between contact sport participation and neurodegenerative disease has been subject to debate in recent years. (scotsman.com)
However, until this study, it was not clear whether there was any evidence of an increase in neurodegenerative disease rate in former footballers. (scotsman.com)
Rod Petrie, Scottish FA President: "We welcome the findings of this important study - the most comprehensive one ever commissioned into neurodegenerative disease in former professional footballers anywhere in the world. (scotsman.com)
Our study clearly demonstrates that these non-replicating cells are going through the deterioration process of senescence and that it is directly related to neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease," says co-corresponding author and Professor Rusty Gage, president of the Salk Institute and holder of the Vi and John Adler Chair for Research on Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease. (medicalxpress.com)
Alzheimer''s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting memory and thinking and making the person increasingly dependent on others. (medindia.net)
Experts in the field of Alzheimer's are especially excited, since there are currently no treatments for the neurodegenerative disease, and sleep-based strategies might open new ways to slow its progression in some and even prevent it in others. (time.com)
At the cellular level, which proteins in the human body are affected by neurodegenerative disease - what are the causes and consequences? (kcl.ac.uk)
Can we use gene therapy to prevent or half the progression of neurodegenerative disease, and can we improve the way they are delivered? (kcl.ac.uk)

Her research focuses on medical genetics and stem cell modeling to unlock disease mechanisms and pathways leading to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and related disorders, and to develop new therapeutic strategies to advance precision medicine. (stanford.edu)
During her neurology internship from 2001 to 2002 at Medical University of Lübeck with Prof. Christine Klein, Dr. Schüle studied genes for inherited forms of Parkinson's disease and dystonia. (stanford.edu)
He is a senior anatomic neuropathologist with considerable experience in the evaluation and assessment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. (stanford.edu)
This analysis revealed that risk ranged from a 5-fold increase in Alzheimer's disease, through an approximately 4 fold increase in motor neurone disease, to a 2 fold Parkinson's disease in former professional footballers compared to population controls. (scotsman.com)
Dr. Horn added that DBS is best understood in Parkinson's disease, "where a noise signature in a specific frequency band can be observed in a specific circuit in the brain. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
Over the last seven years, we have created a detailed map of the epigenetic alterations that occur in the brain of people affected by Alzheimer's and other dementias such as those associated with the so-called Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease. (healthwnews.com)

FDA approves aducanumab to treat Alzheimer's disease June 07, 2021, 05:38 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
Mayo researchers, collaborators identify 'instigator' gene associated with Alzheimer's disease April 19, 2021, 03:00 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)

It is important to note that not all large-scale studies have shown a significant correlation between sleep disruption and Alzheimer's disease, either in the pre-clinical stage or after symptoms develop. (news-medical.net)
Because the disease develops later in life a patient will die before symptoms become severe. (ipl.org)
There are also many symptoms of Alzheimer 's. (ipl.org)
The trial involved 891 people who already had mild or moderate symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. (newscientist.com)
If further tests confirm that taking LMTX on its own really does slow the progression of the disease, this would suggest that tau tangles might be the main cause of Alzheimer's symptoms instead. (newscientist.com)
About 5% of people with the disease get symptoms in their 30s, 40s, or 50s. (webmd.com)
While certain treatments can help against Alzheimer's symptoms, "there's no current way to stop or slow" the disease itself, says Heather M. Snyder, PhD, of the Alzheimer's Association. (webmd.com)
Johns Hopkins researchers say that by measuring levels of certain proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), they can predict when people will develop the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease years before the first symptoms of memory loss appear. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
But it has been hard to see Alzheimer's disease coming, even though we believe it begins developing in the brain a decade or more before the onset of symptoms," she adds. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
One of the most recognizable symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is a speech problem, such as a person choosing the wrong words, or not understanding simple sentences. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Depressive symptoms are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
In 2005, the FDA added a black box warning on the use of all atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic agents in the treatment of secondary symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, such as agitated or aggressive behavior. (medscape.com)
Over 90% of those suffering from this disease, the symptoms do appear after 60. (bimari.pk)
Researchers from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin have discovered DBS helps lessen symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
In a recent study, researchers from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin found that DBS may help reduce symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). (beyondfitnessforever.com)
The electrodes create electric pulses that interrupt abnormal signals the brain may receive, causing symptoms of a disease such as tremors or movement difficulties. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
Certainly Alzheimer's disease involves a substantial loss of the elements of the cholinergic system and it is generally accepted that the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are related to this cholinergic deficit, particularly in the cerebral cortex and other areas of the brain. (pharmaapis.com)
Common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include memory loss, language problems, and impulsive or unpredictable behavior. (thehealthfact.com)
But people with Alzheimer's disease exhibit some ongoing behaviors and symptoms that worsen over time. (thehealthfact.com)
Symptoms change according to the stage of the disease. (thehealthfact.com)
Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, which means that symptoms will progressively deteriorate over the long run. (thehealthfact.com)

At present, the US Food and Drug Administration has not approved any psychotropic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
Learn more about the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
Its main therapeutic use is in the palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (pharmaapis.com)
Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. (pharmaapis.com)

Recent studies have shown that lack of sleep, for even one night, can significantly increase levels of beta-amyloid in the brain - one of the main toxic proteins that are linked to Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)

Researchers found that during MRI scans, personalized music activated regions in the brain typically spared from Alzheimer's disease. (aarp.org)
What they found during MRI scans is that personalized music, as opposed to background music or similar rhythms, activated regions in the brain typically spared from Alzheimer's disease and that the "functional connectivity" continued even after the music was played. (aarp.org)

This may not be the pattern of sleep seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, however. (news-medical.net)
Previously, a phase 2b trial showed no significant difference between lecanemab and placebo at 12 months in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (physiciansweekly.com)
According to some studies, depression is present in up to 50% of patients with Alzheimer's disease, the onset of which typically occurs prior to the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
Results of several studies indicate that anticonvulsants (eg, gabapentin, valproic acid ) may have a role in the treatment of behavioral problems in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
2. The precise mechanism of action of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood. (pharmaapis.com)

The known genetics of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease are reviewed, including APOE, which is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic components leading to disease. (semanticscholar.org)
Researchers probing the complexities of Alzheimer's disease have detected issues involving cellular energy production, and those problems may be an important contributor to the late-onset form of the illness. (harvard.edu)

Alois Alzheimer, gave information on a 51-year-old woman who underwent a brain disorder. (ipl.org)

Although most caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease are women, male caregivers are equally at risk for strain during long term caregiving. (utoledo.edu)
What are some common difficulties faced by caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease? (agingresearch.org)
Alzheimer's disease can be very demanding and overwhelming for caregivers. (agingresearch.org)
Neurocognitive decline with aging and in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease represents a substantial public health concern that will produce suffering in patients and caregivers and enormous expenditures of health care resources. (disabled-world.com)
To help those who are dealing with Alzheimer's today, we have launched a targeted awareness campaign to help people with Alzheimer's and their caregivers find resources that can help them manage the disease. (archives.gov)
Antiglutamatergic treatment reduced clinical deterioration in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease, a phase associated with distress for patients and burden on caregivers, for which other treatments are not available. (unboundmedicine.com)
In order to understand the economic and personal impact of Alzheimer's disease and its related dementias on people suffering from the disease family members and caregivers as well as the federal and state governments, figures on Alzheimer's disease and related diseases are included in the state-wide plan. (bimari.pk)

WASHINGTON - The FDA approved aducanumab, a drug for treating Alzheimer's disease, Monday under its Accelerated Approval Program. (wtsp.com)
According to Biogen, aducanumab removes the amyloid-beta peptide-protein from an Alzheimer's patient's brain, which has shown in clinical trials to reduce the clinical decline of the disease. (wtsp.com)

Cite this: Fast Five Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on Key Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease - Medscape - Feb 09, 2023. (medscape.com)

We have found a very high prevalence of OSA in the World Trade Center responder population, and the present work will evaluate the impact of OSA on early markers of Alzheimer 's Disease using plasma biomarkers, PET/MR and cognition using a visual-spatial memory test. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we investigate and describe both well-established and recently discovered AD biomarkers that could potentially be used to detect AD at early stages and allow the monitoring of disease progression. (ucl.ac.uk)
In addition, we explore the most recent molecular strategies for an AD therapeutic approach and nanomedicine-based technologies, used to both target drugs to the brain and serve as devices for tracking disease progression diagnostic biomarkers. (ucl.ac.uk)

What Are the Signs of Alzheimer's Disease? (medlineplus.gov)
Padilla notes that because this recent research was an observational study, the findings don't actually prove that high blood pressure caused the signs of Alzheimer's disease. (healthline.com)
Blueberries and strawberries have a major role to play in keeping your brain functioning at its best and may help slow down signs of Alzheimer's disease. (hindustantimes.com)
Memory problems are one of the first warning signs of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and people with the disease can eventually lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. (cdc.gov)

The causes of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias are not completely understood, but researchers believe they include a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. (cdc.gov)
The causes of Alzheimer's disease aren't fully understood, however, researchers believe that they are a result of a mix of environmental, genetic, or lifestyle variables. (bimari.pk)

These methods allowed her group to understand how some brains cells are vulnerable to the impact of Alzheimer's disease while others are resilient. (agingresearch.org)

The person with Alzheimer's disease must rely on others to assist in the most basic tasks of daily life including eating. (bimari.pk)
The caregiver plays an important role in the management of person with Alzheimer's disease along with the help of other family members. (yourchennai.com)
Ultimately, a person with Alzheimer's disease may require full-time support. (thehealthfact.com)

New computational model proposed for Alzheimer's disease March 28, 2022, 03:30 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)

Learn how Alzheimer's disease affects the brain. (alz.org)
They contribute anonymous autopsy data to the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center , and prepare a brain autopsy report for a participant's next of kin. (stanford.edu)
She is currently applying single-cell methods to human brain to dissect the contributions of distinct cell types to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and investigate the mechanisms of tau-mediated neurodegeneration in human brain. (stanford.edu)
More recently, progressive degenerative brain disease (chronic traumatic encephalopathy [CTE] has been recognized in athletes with a history of multiple concussions, as well as milder blows to the head that do not cause concussion. (medscape.com)
Music has long been thought to soothe the soul, but a new study published in The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease shows how personalized music playlists can activate regions of the brain typically untouched by early Alzheimer's disease and may offer a new way to approach anxiety, depression and agitation in patients. (aarp.org)
The two have five children, and worry which of the siblings might also develop the degenerative brain disease. (denverpost.com)
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder that slowly degrades a person's memory and thinking skills. (denverpost.com)
The scientists, led by Lukas Kunz of the German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Bonn, say the high risk group navigated the maze differently and had reduced functioning of a type of brain cell involved in spatial navigation. (bbc.com)
She added: 'Although we don't know whether the young people in this study will go on to develop Alzheimer's, characterising early brain changes associated with genetic risk factors is important to help researchers better understand why some people may be more susceptible to the disease later in life. (bbc.com)
Improving Brain Health for Populations Disproportionately Affected by Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. (cdc.gov)
This is pertinent to Anatomy and Physiology because Alzheimer's disease leads to tissue loss and nerve cell damage throughout the brain. (ipl.org)
Alzheimer's Disease impacts an individual's memory and other vital brain functions. (ipl.org)
Although it's not confirmed scientist believe for most people, Alzheimer's disease results from a combination of genetic, life styles and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. (ipl.org)
The trial was the first major test of a drug that targets tau tangles - abnormal protein clumps that accumulate and spread in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, disrupting brain function. (newscientist.com)
It also contains the preservative thimerosal, a derivative of mercury, a known neurotoxin linked to brain damage and autoimmune diseases. (rense.com)
People with genetic forms are more likely to go on to develop the disease and will have the hallmark features such as amyloid protein build-up which damages our brain cells. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Her expertise in looking at how brain cells connect and communicate can then be used with this new model to understand how different cells in the brain react to amyloid build-up, and what processes are disrupted at different points in Alzheimer's disease. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Her work has the potential to unlock the cascade of events in the brain that cause Alzheimer's and create a new model to better understand and ultimately treat the disease in the future. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Unlike the mild memory loss that can happen with aging, Alzheimer's disease takes a growing toll on the brain . (webmd.com)
Now, new research suggests that hypertension can also seriously affect your brain - perhaps to the point of developing some of the primary markers of Alzheimer's disease. (healthline.com)
The Gage team found that senescent neurons are a source of the late-life brain inflammation observed in Alzheimer's disease. (medicalxpress.com)
More work still needs to be conducted on how senescent neurons lead to Alzheimer's disease as well as the consequences of removing these neurons from the brain. (medicalxpress.com)
We also contributed to research in the journal, Science , describing how brain function in Alzheimer's disease is altered at the level of neurons in later stages of the disease. (agingresearch.org)
Those who already have the disease do better if they keep mentally active - an unused brain may deteriorate faster. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
some scientists speculate that prions , tiny infectious particles made of protein, may be involved in Alzheimer's disease by infecting the brain. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Eating certain foods can slow brain ageing and reduce the chances of developing Alzheimer's disease. (hindustantimes.com)
Here's expert-approved diet to keep this brain disease at bay. (hindustantimes.com)
Alzheimer's disease , a neurological disorder, can make your brain shrink or brain cells die over the period of time. (hindustantimes.com)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease of the aging population characterized by the progressive and slow brain decay due to the formation of extracellular plaques in the hippocampus. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, the emerging nanomedicines for managing brain diseases like AD could promote the booming growth of research and their clinical availability. (frontiersin.org)
peptide, which makes up the characteristic brain plaques of Alzheimer's disease, is not secreted by neurons from mice that lack the BACE1 secretase. (the-scientist.com)
Overall, this study found that in persons with early Alzheimer's disease, lecanemab was associated with reduced brain amyloid levels as well as moderately less decline in clinical measures of cognition and function than placebo at 18 months. (physiciansweekly.com)
Alzheimer's is a particular brain disease that was first identified over 100 years ago, however the research into its causes, the risk factors, and possible treatments only started to gain momentum over the past 30 years. (bimari.pk)
The most prominent signs of this disease are the buildup of abnormal brain proteins such as clumps of beta-amyloid (called amyloid plaques) and tangled bundles of tau filaments (called neurofibrillary knots). (bimari.pk)
The swelling caused by a byproduct of amyloid plaques in the brain may be the true cause of Alzheimer's disease, say researchers. (androidizer.com)
The formation of amyloid plaques in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease . (androidizer.com)
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a slow and progressive brain disorder which results in the gradual worsening of memory and thinking skills, eventually resulting in an inability to do even simple things over time. (yourchennai.com)
These changes initially involve the nerve cells in the brain which are responsible for memory and learning, but as the disease progresses it will involve other parts of the brain. (yourchennai.com)
It is a focal stimulation that needs to be targeted to a specific brain structure in each disease. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
In Alzheimer's disease, nerve cells and brain tissue are destroyed and the brain shrinks significantly over the course of several years causing a progressive loss of memory. (dragoosoilblends.com)
Swelling and oxidative stress cause and contribute to several biological processes in the body which lead to the destruction of brain tissue and Alzheimer's Disease. (dragoosoilblends.com)
Alzheimer's disease is a condition that affects the brain. (thehealthfact.com)
These diseases cause a loss of functions in brain cells. (kcl.ac.uk)
Our research looks at the similarities and differences between these diseases to find the keys to slow or halt loss of brain cells at the earliest stages. (kcl.ac.uk)
How does disease affect the functions of brain cells such as the communication between neurons or the structural integrity of the neurons? (kcl.ac.uk)
Recent research has shown that posttraumatic amnesia and chronic vascular lesions caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) increase risk for subsequent Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)
Quitting smoking now may help maintain brain health and can reduce your risk of heart disease, cancer, lung disease, and other smoking-related illnesses. (cdc.gov)
Our goal is to understand the structural and functional properties of excitable cells in the heart and brain across multiple length scales in order to decipher disease-relevant, nanoscale functional units in heart and nerve cells. (mbexc.de)
His case study "On the relationship between aphasia and senile atrophy of the brain" still serves as a frame of reference for apparently focal brain syndromes in diffuse or generalized degenerative diseases of the brain. (medscape.com)

The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) works in four key areas or domains: epidemiology and surveillance, environmental approaches, health care system interventions, and community programs linked to clinical services. (cdc.gov)
With $4.5 million in FY 2018 funding, CDC's Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Aging Program supports these efforts by focusing its activities in two of NCCDPHP's four domains: epidemiology and surveillance and community programs linked to clinical services. (cdc.gov)
Read more about Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's disease clinical trials opportunities here . (mayoclinic.org)
A drug that has failed in a large clinical trial may still show promise for halting the progression of Alzheimer's disease. (newscientist.com)
So it was possible to tell at what stage they progressed from this mild cognitive impairment stage to the clinical Alzheimer's disease stage. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Studies that have predicted conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease have not really focused on a time frame, and for use in a clinical setting, this is what is really needed. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The drug is the first treatment that could potentially reduce the 'clinical decline' of those who have the disease. (wtsp.com)
The primary endpoint was Bayesian analysis of 12-month clinical change on the Alzheimer's Disease Composite Score (ADCOMS) for the ED90 dose, which required an 80% probability of ≥25% clinical reduction in decline versus placebo. (quanterix.com)
Although distinct in the areas of the nervous system affected, these diseases do share common clinical pathological features. (kcl.ac.uk)
OBM Geriatrics is an Open Access journal published quarterly online by LIDSEN Publishing Inc. The journal takes the premise that innovative approaches - including gene therapy, cell therapy, and epigenetic modulation - will result in clinical interventions that alter the fundamental pathology and the clinical course of age-related human diseases. (lidsen.com)
With the changing emphasis from genetic to epigenetic understandings of pathology (including telomere biology), with the use of gene delivery systems (including viral delivery systems), and with the use of cell-based therapies (including stem cell therapies), a fatalistic view of age-related disease is no longer a reasonable clinical default nor an appropriate clinical research paradigm. (lidsen.com)
whoever possesses the variation has a greater probability of suffering from Alzheimer's disease, so people carrying these variants could be excellent candidates for clinical prevention trials of the disease in the future," adds Esteller. (healthwnews.com)
14, 15, 16] Cholinesterase inhibitors, approved for Alzheimer disease, are sometimes used in this condition, but there is no evidence that FTD involves a cholinergic deficit, and there is no clinical evidence of benefit. (medscape.com)

Targeting senescent cells could thus be a useful approach for slowing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (medicalxpress.com)
This study has the potential to identify the mechanisms by which sleep disruption contributes to Alzheimer's Disease neurodegeneration and guide therapeutic interventions in the future in the aging WTC responder population. (cdc.gov)
Eli Lilly and Company pain and neurodegeneration vice-president Mark Mintun said: "We are extremely pleased about these positive findings for donanemab as a potential therapy for people living with Alzheimer's disease, the only leading cause of death without a treatment that slows disease progression. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
Previous research links neurodegeneration of the fornix to Alzheimer's disease. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
Several studies have shown that the APOE gene, the best-known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, may have a stronger association with neurodegeneration in women, which could be due how the gene interacts with estrogen. (lcbseniorliving.com)

Modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and related dementias among adults aged ≥ 45 years-United States, 2019. (cdc.gov)

In support of research on Alzheimer disease and related disorders, the Neuropathology Core analyzes tissues and other biological samples from volunteers in the Stanford Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC). (stanford.edu)
Some chronic sleep disorders can also increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
Alzheimer disease and associated disorders / Western Geriatric Research Institute. (bvs.br)
Definition of neurology: a science involved in the study of the nervous systems, especially of the diseases and disorders affecting them. (neurosciencenews.com)

Her research program combines her background in diagnostic neuropathology, knowledge of developmental neuroscience, and state-of-the-art cellular and molecular technologies to advance the understanding of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. (stanford.edu)
Helping to promote awareness of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, including the importance of early diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
One of the reasons we sleep, it now seems, might be to keep a range of illnesses-including cognitive diseases like Alzheimer's and other dementias-at bay. (time.com)
Alzheimer's disease is among numerous dementias. (bimari.pk)
The phrase "Alzheimer's disease and related dementias" is often used to describe it and its related neurodegenerative conditions. (bimari.pk)
HHS Emphasizes Healthy Aging to Delay Onset of Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementias. (cdc.gov)
Did you know that Black and Latino adults are at much higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) than White adults? (cdc.gov)

On Friday (Jan 6), the US Food and Drink Administration (FDA) granted a licence for another anti-amyloid drug - lecanemab - to treat Alzheimer's disease. (outsourcing-pharma.com)

They also explored senescence markers and gene expression of post-mortem brains from 20 people with Alzheimer's disease and matched healthy controls. (medicalxpress.com)
This dance between viral particles and cellular APP results in changes in cellular architecture and the distribution of APP, the major component of senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. (medindia.net)
But when that process fails, misfolded proteins can form the gummy amyloid plaques often found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Most patients with Alzheimer's develop sleep problems which worsen as the disease progresses. (news-medical.net)
While this is a valuable approach for many research questions, animals can't perfectly replicate how the disease develops and progresses in people. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Each case of Alzheimer's usually affects at least two lives: the person with the condition, and the patient's spouse or child who gradually becomes a full-time caregiver as the disease progresses. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Periodontitis is common in the elderly and may become more common in Alzheimer's disease because of a reduced ability to take care of oral hygiene as the disease progresses. (bvsalud.org)

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 Activation During Exposure to Novelty Stress Protects Against Alzheimer's Disease-Like Cognitive Decline in AßPP/PS1 Mice , Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. (alz.org)
Re-activation and growth of HSV1 infections contribute to cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. (medindia.net)
Researches and studies reveal that consuming a Mediterranean diet can majorly reduce the risk of decline from cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. (hindustantimes.com)
Such a malfunction, he said, could damage or kill nerve cells and help explain the cognitive decline associated with the disease. (harvard.edu)
Overall, this study demonstrates that lecanemab was associated with reduced markers of amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease and resulted in less decline in cognitive and functional measures than placebo at 18 months but was associated with significant adverse effects. (physiciansweekly.com)
However, a trial of 313 patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease found that 24 months of treatment with valproate did not delay emergence of agitation or psychosis, did not slow cognitive or functional decline, and was associated with significant toxic effects. (medscape.com)
Eli Lilly and Company has reported that data from Phase II TRAILBLAZER-ALZ study of its investigational antibody, donanemab, showed a significant slowing of decline in patients with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
Donanemab showed significant slowing of decline in patients with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
Data from the trial showed that donanemab slowed decline by 32% versus placebo, thereby meeting the primary endpoint of change from baseline to 76 weeks in the Integrated Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (iADRS). (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
Can exercise slow or prevent cognitive decline in older people who are at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease? (medlineplus.gov)
Periodontitis and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. (bvsalud.org)
Elsewhere raised serum pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with an increased rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease . (bvsalud.org)
Our data showed that periodontitis is associated with an increase in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease , independent to baseline cognitive state , which may be mediated through effects on systemic inflammation . (bvsalud.org)

Apparently, their research indicated that individuals who receive annual flu vaccines were likely to demonstrate a 17% lower prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. (ileanaberman.com)
The expansion in the prevalence of this disease due to the increase in life expectancy is a worldwide socioeconomic challenge. (lidsen.com)
early-onset Alzheimer's disease has a higher prevalence of TBI . (medscape.com)

Researchers at Mayo Clinic study Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment , and other conditions that affect your memory and thinking skills. (mayoclinic.org)
Also watch Dr. Petersen discuss a Mayo Clinic mild cognitive impairment study and a Mayo Clinic study regarding the most effective methods to predict Alzheimer's disease on YouTube. (mayoclinic.org)
The tool revolves around examining mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is often a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. (cosmosmagazine.com)
We used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [a US-based longitudinal study], and we focused only on people who had mild cognitive impairments, for many years, with multiple assessments. (cosmosmagazine.com)
One study involved 47 adults aged 68 and older, who had mild cognitive impairment , a risk condition for Alzheimer's disease. (disabled-world.com)
The present study furthered the research by analyzing data from electrodes implanted in the same area of the fornix in 46 people with mild Alzheimer's disease. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
In a six month observational cohort study 60 community dwelling participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease were cognitively assessed and a blood sample taken for systemic inflammatory markers. (bvsalud.org)
These conditions occur for patients with severe disease but also for patients who had mild or even asymptomatic acute infection. (cdc.gov)

The study has limitations, though, says Lisa Barnes , a cognitive neuropsychologist at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center in Chicago, who wrote an accompanying editorial. (tpr.org)
Nevertheless, these findings are significant, as they demonstrate that lecanemab may provide cognitive and functional benefits in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. (physiciansweekly.com)

Researchers study risk factors, predictors, diagnostic techniques, and potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other conditions. (mayoclinic.org)
Researchers sometimes work to better understand Alzheimer's by studying animals bred to develop specific features of the disease. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Researchers have known that these proteins were in the spinal fluid of patients with advanced disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The researchers also discovered that targeting the deteriorating neurons with therapeutics could be an effective strategy for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease. (medicalxpress.com)
A method by Rice University researchers to model the way proteins fold - and sometimes misfold - has revealed branching behavior that may have implications for Alzheimer's and other aggregation diseases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers say PLD3 may be used as a marker in diagnosing the risk of Alzheimer's disease and provide a target for future therapies. (androidizer.com)

Phase 3 clinicial trial results show that this treatment can meaningfully change the course of the disease for people in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease. (alz.org)
ntly, findings were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease that may help explain why people who are susceptible to stress are at more risk of developing Alzheimer's and why - increasingly - we are finding evidence that physical activity, which reduces stress levels, may reduce the chances of developing Alzheimer's . (alz.org)
Interestingly, previous studies have shown that people with Alzheimer's disease have a reduced level of CRF. (alz.org)
Advocacy organisation, Voices of Alzheimer's, (VOA) is led by people with lived experience of the disease. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
Dr Laura Phipps of Alzheimer's Research , said the latest study focused on healthy younger people at higher genetic risk of Alzheimer's, suggesting they may already show alterations in spatial navigation several decades before the disease could start. (bbc.com)
This incurable, degenerative, and terminal disease is usually diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although the less-prevalent early-onset AD can occur much earlier. (springer.com)
In the United States, more than five million people are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (Marsa). (ipl.org)
People often wonder, where did Alzheimer 's get its name from? (ipl.org)
In this pilot project, Dr Afia Ali will lead her team in developing the technique needed to successfully grow stem cells from people living with rare genetic forms of Alzheimer's disease. (alzheimersresearchuk.org)
Most people with Alzheimer 's are 65 and older. (webmd.com)
Dealing with Alzheimer's disease can take a toll on people emotionally and financially. (kunm.org)
Now, scientists from the Salk Institute have found that neurons from people with Alzheimer's disease show deterioration and undergo a late-life stress process called senescence. (medicalxpress.com)
In this study, Gage and his team took skin samples from people with Alzheimer's disease and converted those cells directly into neurons in the lab. (medicalxpress.com)
In the later stages, people with Alzheimer's disease begin to have trouble caring for themselves and recognizing friends or loved ones. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
For instance, people viewing substances are generally most interested in viewing diseases that these substances have shown to have positive influences. (greenmedinfo.com)
Scientists don't yet fully understand what causes Alzheimer's disease in most people. (hindustantimes.com)
The number of people with Alzheimer's disease doubles about every 5 years beyond age 65. (hindustantimes.com)
About one-third of all people age 85 and older may have Alzheimer's disease," says the NIA report. (hindustantimes.com)
Alzheimer's Disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States killing more people than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. (pbs.org)
This is a truly national plan, based on a strong partnership with every part of the Alzheimer's community, including scientists, patient advocates, and people living with the disease. (archives.gov)
These steps in research and education are the cornerstones of an ambitious and aggressive agenda to improve the lives of people living with Alzheimer's disease and their families. (archives.gov)
Up to 5% of people diagnosed with Alzheimer's are under age 65-usually in their 40s or 50s-and are considered to have Early-Onset Alzheimer's disease. (momscareplan.com)
If all people suffering from Alzheimer's disease in Illinois resided in one city this would be the second-largest city in the state. (bimari.pk)

Your gift could help fund the researcher who finds the cure for Alzheimer's disease once and for all. (brightfocus.org)
Currently there is no permanent cure for Alzheimer's disease anywhere in the world. (yourchennai.com)

The aim of this study is to use classification methods to predict future onset of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal subjects through automated linguistic analysis. (thelancet.com)
What May Prevent or Delay the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease? (bimari.pk)

To gather and assess information on Alzheimer's disease and its treatment from published studies to depict the overall treatment effect, a thorough understanding of the disease's natural history was able to develop appropriate trial designs and outcomes for the various stages of Alzheimer's disease. (semanticscholar.org)

When they used gene therapy to remove PLD3 from neurons in mice with a condition resembling Alzheimer's disease, they found that this led to a dramatic reduction of axonal swelling. (androidizer.com)

The finding "implies that the biological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease may be very different in [different] racial groups," says Dr. John Morris , an author of the paper and director of the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis. (tpr.org)
Here, it is described as the use of simple animal models such as worms, fishes, flies, Ascidians and sea urchins, have facilitated the understanding of several biochemical mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most diffuse neurodegenerative pathologies. (springer.com)

These are the most reliable signs of early-stage Alzheimer's disease. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

What Do We Know about Diet and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease? (medlineplus.gov)

The progression of Alzheimer's disease can be divided into 3 stages. (yourchennai.com)

Depression is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). (medscape.com)

According to the amyloid hypothesis cascade, the beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposits are the fundamental cause of the disease [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
1. Lecanemab was associated with reduced amyloid markers in early Alzheimer's disease as compared to placebo. (physiciansweekly.com)

Evaluation of neurological effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles doped with different amounts of zirconium following inhalation exposure in mouse models of Alzheimer's and vascular disease. (openrepository.com)

The incidence of the disease increases with age and doubles every 5 years beyond age 65. (cdc.gov)
Aluminum is another flu vaccine ingredient and is also a toxic heavy metal that has been associated with an increased incidence of Alzheimer's Disease. (rense.com)
Incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a rural community in India: the Indo-US study. (greenmedinfo.com)
The incidence of the disease is increasing as you age. (bimari.pk)
The Considerable Toll of HZO Is Also Avoidable Dr Christopher Rapuano explains how the rising incidence of this debilitating eye disease can be combated by ophthalmologists and other clinicians. (medscape.com)

He is based in the Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease in the Faculty of Medicine at Sheffield. (news-medical.net)

It is now increasingly accepted that sleep loss may indeed be an important risk factor and symptom of Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
An example of a symptom of Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is memory loss. (ipl.org)

Fast Five Quiz: Alzheimer's Disease - Medscape - May 06, 2022. (medscape.com)

In particular, model organisms are widely used to explore potential causes and treatments for human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. (springer.com)
Myth No. 4: There are treatments that stop the disease from getting worse. (webmd.com)
No evidence shows they're useful treatments for the disease. (webmd.com)
Early treatments keep heart disease patients from getting worse, and it's possible the same may be true for those with pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's," says Marilyn Albert, Ph.D., a professor of neurology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging, and scientists are working to understand its causes and develop effective treatments. (cdc.gov)

This holiday season, your donation gives help and hope to the millions of families facing Alzheimer's - while also advancing critical research to end the disease. (alz.org)
His research interests include mitochondrial diseases, nerve and muscle pathology, pediatric neuro-oncology, and transgenic mouse pathology. (stanford.edu)
Specifically, the program provides data and resources to practitioners in the areas of healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease prevention and awareness, supports applied public health research, and helps national organizations share information and tools with the aging population. (cdc.gov)
Our results could provide a new basic framework for preclinical research on Alzheimer's disease and may provide a neurocognitive explanation of spatial disorientation in Alzheimer's disease,' they report in Science. (bbc.com)
The risk factors for Alzheimer's are diverse, including age, genetics and lifestyle, and research is vital to allow us to unpick how each of these factors could contribute to a person's risk of the disease. (bbc.com)
A key priority in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is the identification of early intervention strategies that will decrease the risk, delay the onset, or slow the progression of disease. (thelancet.com)
Read more about the focus of Alzheimer's disease research at Mayo Clinic here . (mayoclinic.org)
The Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center is jointly based in Rochester, Minnesota, and Jacksonville, Florida. (mayoclinic.org)
Science Saturday: In neurodegenerative diseases, Mayo Clinic research finds shared gene patterns, widespread damage May 28, 2022, 11:00 a.m. (mayoclinic.org)
Some research suggests it might be related to health conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. (webmd.com)
In honor of National Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Month, the Alliance for Aging Research is spotlighting BrightFocus Foundation, a member of the ACT-AD coalition. (agingresearch.org)
BrightFocus funds exceptional scientific research worldwide to defeat Alzheimer's disease, macular degeneration, and glaucoma and provides expert information on these heartbreaking diseases. (agingresearch.org)
What is the goal of the BrightFocus Alzheimer's Disease Research Program? (agingresearch.org)
What are some recent notable findings from Alzheimer's disease research sponsored by BrightFocus? (agingresearch.org)
BrightFocus research funding is also being used to support new discoveries about how the processes that cells use to destroy misfolded proteins, like the ones that create plaques and tangles, can go wrong in Alzheimer's disease (described in Neuroscience letters in April). (agingresearch.org)
Your tax-deductible gift to Alzheimer's Disease Research will go TWICE as far today. (brightfocus.org)
By providing your email address, you will receive periodic communications from Alzheimer's Disease Research. (brightfocus.org)
As Guest Editor for this Special Issue of the journal OBM Geriatrics, it is my pleasure to invite you to submit a feature article, which may be either a review or a research paper, on the topic of Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer's Disease. (lidsen.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms3

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology22

Phenomena and Processes22

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science3

Named Groups2

Health Care18

Geographicals2

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (1/11292)

Parametric mapping of cerebral blood flow deficits in Alzheimer's disease: a SPECT study using HMPAO and image standardization technique. (2/11292)

Proteolytic processing of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein within its cytoplasmic domain by caspase-like proteases. (3/11292)

Microvessels from Alzheimer's disease brains kill neurons in vitro. (4/11292)

Specific regional transcription of apolipoprotein E in human brain neurons. (5/11292)

Increased phosphoglycerate kinase in the brains of patients with Down's syndrome but not with Alzheimer's disease. (6/11292)

Translation of the alzheimer amyloid precursor protein mRNA is up-regulated by interleukin-1 through 5'-untranslated region sequences. (7/11292)

Early phenotypic changes in transgenic mice that overexpress different mutants of amyloid precursor protein in brain. (8/11292)

No images available that match "alzheimer disease"

Alzheimer Disease

Amyloid beta-Peptides

tau Proteins

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Plaque, Amyloid

Brain

Apolipoprotein E4

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases

Cognition Disorders

Dementia

Presenilin-1

Amyloid

Atrophy

Dementia, Vascular

Neuropsychological Tests

Neurofibrils

Mild Cognitive Impairment

Apolipoproteins E

Presenilin-2

Peptide Fragments

Mental Status Schedule

Hippocampus

Cognition

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Lewy Body Disease

Memantine

Age of Onset

Presenilins

Aging

Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases

Aniline Compounds

Neurons

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Mice, Transgenic

National Institute on Aging (U.S.)

Substantia Innominata

Memory Disorders

Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Longitudinal Studies

Amyloidogenic Proteins

Autopsy

Brain Chemistry

Positron-Emission Tomography

Disease Progression

Nerve Degeneration

Protease Nexins

Prodromal Symptoms

Phenylcarbamates

Disease Models, Animal

Tauopathies

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Indans

Nootropic Agents

Down Syndrome

Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Lewy Bodies

Clioquinol

Thiazoles

Frontotemporal Dementia

Biological Markers

Amnesia

Genotype

Temporal Lobe

Psychomotor Agitation

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Neuropil Threads

Case-Control Studies

Cohort Studies

Insulysin

Apolipoprotein E3

Tacrine

Memory

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21

Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins

Phosphorylation

Reference Values

Parkinson Disease

Mutation