Aluminum Oxide
Air Abrasion, Dental
Diamond
Cladocera
Aluminum Hydroxide
Materials Testing
Water Quality
Dental Porcelain
Ceramics
Porosity
Dental Bonding
Resin Cements
Silanes
Surface Properties
Dental Stress Analysis
Metal Nanoparticles
Shear Strength
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
In vitro comparison of the retention capacity of new aesthetic brackets. (1/393)
Tensile bond strength and bond failure location were evaluated in vitro for two types of aesthetic brackets (non-silanated ceramic, polycarbonate) and one stainless steel bracket, using bovine teeth as the substrate and diacrylate resin as the adhesive. The results show that metallic bracket had the highest bond strength (13.21 N) followed by the new plastic bracket (12.01 N), which does not require the use of a primer. The non-silanated ceramic bracket produced the lowest bond strength (8.88 N). Bond failures occurred mainly between bracket and cement, although a small percentage occurred between the enamel-cement interface with the metal and plastic brackets and within the cement for the plastic bracket. With the ceramic bracket all the failures occurred at the bracket-cement interface. This suggests that the problems of enamel lesions produced by this type of bracket may have been eliminated. The results also show that the enamel/adhesive bond is stronger than the adhesive/bracket bond in this in vitro study. (+info)Effects of magnesia and potassium sulfate on gypsum-bonded alumina dental investment for high-fusing casting. (2/393)
The purpose of this study was to improve the characteristics of gypsum-bonded alumina investments using magnesia and potassium sulfate as chemical additives. Magnesia content improved fluidity, delayed setting reaction, increased green strength, and decreased setting expansion, when mixed with distilled water. When the investment was mixed with potassium sulfate, the setting time and setting expansion were reduced, and the thermal expansion increased, however, the green strength decreased. Therefore, the investment with a small amount of magnesia mixed with potassium sulfate was considered a suitable composition, having adequate setting behavior, enough green strength and sufficient compensate expansion for casting. (+info)Thermal image analysis of electrothermal debonding of ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. (3/393)
This study used modern thermal imaging techniques to investigate the temperature rise induced at the pulpal well during thermal debonding of ceramic brackets. Ceramic brackets were debonded from vertically sectioned premolar teeth using an electrothermal debonding unit. Ten teeth were debonded at the end of a single 3-second heating cycle. For a further group of 10 teeth, the bracket and heating element were left in contact with the tooth during the 3-second heating cycle and the 6-second cooling cycle. The average pulpal wall temperature increase for the teeth debonded at the end of the 3-second heating cycle was 16.8 degrees C. When the heating element and bracket remained in contact with the tooth during the 6-second cooling cycle an average temperature increase of 45.6 degrees C was recorded. (+info)Super pulse CO2 laser for bracket bonding and debonding. (4/393)
A super pulse and a normal pulse CO2 laser were used to carry out enamel etching and bracket debonding in vitro and in vivo. The shear bond strength of the orthodontic brackets attached to laser-etched and conventional chemically-etched extracted premolars was measured. The pulp cavity temperature was also measured using the same laser irradiation conditions as the shear test. Both super pulse and normal pulse CO2 laser etching resulted in a lower shear bond strength (super pulse: 6.9 +/- 3.4 kg, normal pulse: 9.7 +/- 5.2 kg) than that of chemical etching (15.3 +/- 2.8 kg). Furthermore, the super pulse CO2 laser was able to create debonding at 2 watts within a period of less than 4 seconds (2.9 +/- 0.9 seconds). The super pulse, when irradiating the ceramic brackets from above, during debonding showed a 1.4 degrees C temperature increase in the dental pulp at 2 watts and an increase of 2.1 degrees C at 3 watts. While etching, directly irradiating the enamel surface at 3 watts, the dental pulp showed a temperature increase of 3.5 degrees C. These temperature increases were within the physiologically acceptable limits of the pulp. These results indicate that, in orthodontic treatments, super pulse CO2 laser debonding is more useful than laser etching. (+info)A laboratory investigation to compare enamel preparation by sandblasting or acid etching prior to bracket bonding. (5/393)
A laboratory investigation to compare the mean shear debonding force and mode of bond failure of metallic brackets bonded to sandblasted and acid-etched enamel is described. The buccal surfaces of 30 extracted human premolars were sandblasted for 5 seconds with 50 mu alumina and the buccal surfaces of a further 30 human premolars were etched with 37 per cent phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. Following storage for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in distilled water, shear debonding force was measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine with a cross-head speed of 10 mm/minute. Mean shear debonding force was significantly lower for brackets bonded to sandblasted enamel compared to acid etched enamel (P < 0.001). Weibull analysis showed that at a given stress the probability of failure was significantly greater for brackets bonded to sandblasted enamel. Brackets bonded to etched enamel showed a mixed mode of bond failure whereas following sandblasting, failure was adhesive at the enamel/composite interface (P < 0.01). (+info)Respiratory symptoms and lung function in alumina refinery employees. (6/393)
OBJECTIVES: Employees in alumina refineries are known to be exposed to a number of potential respiratory irritants, particularly caustic mist and bauxite and alumina dusts. To examine the prevalence of work related respiratory symptoms and lung function in alumina refinery employees and relate these to their jobs. METHODS: 2964 current employees of three alumina refineries in Western Australia were invited to participate in a cross sectional study, and 89% responded. Subjects were given a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, smoking, and occupations with additional questions on temporal relations between respiratory symptoms and work. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured with a rolling seal spirometer. Atopy was assessed with prick skin tests for common allergens. Associations between work and symptoms were assessed with Cox's regression to estimate prevalence ratios, and between work and lung function with linear regression. RESULTS: Work related wheeze, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and rhinitis were reported by 5.0%, 3.5%, 2.5%, and 9.5% of participants respectively. After adjustment for age, smoking, and atopy, most groups of production employees reported a greater prevalence of work related symptoms than did office employees. After adjustment for age, smoking, height, and atopy, subjects reporting work related wheeze, chest tightness, and shortness of breath had significantly lower mean levels of FEV(1) (186, 162, and 272 ml respectively) than subjects without these symptoms. Prevalence of most work related symptoms was higher at refinery 2 than at the other two refineries, but subjects at this refinery had an adjusted mean FEV(1) >60 ml higher than the others. Significant differences in FVC and FEV(1)/FVC ratio, but not FEV(1), were found between different process groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in work related symptoms and lung function between process groups and refineries, but these were mostly not consistent. Undefined selection factors and underlying population differences may account for some of these findings but workplace exposures may also contribute. The differences identified between groups were unlikely to be clinically of note. (+info)Extensive metallosis and necrosis in failed prostheses with cemented titanium-alloy stems and ceramic heads. (7/393)
We describe three prostheses with cemented titanium-alloy stems and Al2O3 ceramic femoral heads which had to be revised after a mean period of implantation of 78 months. In each case, the neck of the prosthesis had been so severely worn that the profile was elliptical rather than circular. There was severe metallosis of the periprosthetic tissues. Metal particles isolated from the tissues were approximately one nanometre in size and the ratios of titanium, aluminium and vanadium in the particles were the same as in the original alloy. Histologically, the high concentration of metal particles masked the presence of high-density polyethylene (HDP) debris, but again particles about one nanometre in size were isolated from the tissues. The severe necrobiosis and necrosis noted were consistent with other reports of the presence of extensive wear particles in periprosthetic tissues. Wear is presumed to have occurred as a result of mismatch between the shape or size of the taper cone and the femoral head, or to changes in the geometry of loading due to migration of the cup. To facilitate early intervention, patients with this design of prosthesis should be monitored radiologically. (+info)Cytotoxicity and macrophage cytokine release induced by ceramic and polyethylene particles in vitro. (8/393)
Although the response of macrophages to polyethylene debris has been widely studied, it has never been compared with the cellular response to ceramic debris. Our aim was to investigate the cytotoxicity of ceramic particles (Al2O3 and ZrO2) and to analyse their ability to stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators compared with that of high-density polyethylene particles (HDP). We analysed the effects of particle size, concentration and composition using an in vitro model. The J774 mouse macrophage cell line was exposed to commercial particles in the phagocytosable range (up to 4.5 microns). Al2O3 was compared with ZrO2 at 0.6 micron and with HDP at 4.5 microns. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using flow cytometry and macrophage cytokine release was measured by ELISA. Cell mortality increased with the size and concentration of Al2O3 particles. When comparing Al2O3 and ZrO2 at 0.6 micron, we did not detect any significant difference at the concentrations analysed (up to 2500 particles per macrophage), and mortality remained very low (less than 10%). Release of TNF-alpha also increased with the size and concentration of Al2O3 particles, reaching 195% of control (165 pg/ml v 84 pg/ml) at 2.4 microns and 350 particles per cell (p < 0.05). Release of TNF-alpha was higher with HDP than with Al2O3 particles at 4.5 microns. However, we did not detect any significant difference in the release of TNF-alpha between Al2O3 and ZrO2 at 0.6 micron (p > 0.05). We saw no evidence of release of interleukin-1 alpha or interleukin-1 beta after exposure to ceramic or HDP particles. (+info)Aluminum oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al2O3. It is also known as alumina and it is a white solid that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. Aluminum oxide is highly resistant to corrosion, has a high melting point, and is an electrical insulator.
In the medical field, aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications such as:
1. Dental crowns and implants: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of dental crowns and implants due to its strength and durability.
2. Orthopedic implants: Aluminum oxide is used in some types of orthopedic implants, such as knee and hip replacements, because of its biocompatibility and resistance to wear.
3. Medical ceramics: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of medical ceramics, which are used in various medical devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
4. Pharmaceuticals: Aluminum oxide is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical products, such as tablets and capsules, to improve their stability and shelf life.
5. Medical research: Aluminum oxide is used in medical research, for example, as a substrate material for growing cells or as a coating material for medical devices.
It's important to note that while aluminum oxide has many useful applications in the medical field, exposure to high levels of aluminum can be harmful to human health. Therefore, it is important to use aluminum oxide and other aluminum-containing materials safely and according to established guidelines.
Air abrasion, dental, is a method of removing decay and minor defects from teeth using a stream of air and fine particles. This technique is an alternative to the traditional drilling method and is often used in preventative dentistry and for preparing teeth for fillings or sealants. The process is generally considered to be more comfortable for patients as it typically does not require anesthesia, and it can be more precise and less invasive than drilling. However, air abrasion may not be suitable for all types of dental work and its use is determined by the dentist on a case-by-case basis.
I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or definition of the term "diamond" in a medical context. However, I should clarify that "diamond" is not a commonly used medical term for a specific disease, condition, or diagnostic feature. It's essential to provide more information if it relates to a particular medical concept or usage.
In general, the term "diamond" refers to a clear and colorless form of carbon with a crystalline structure in which each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape. It's widely known for its use as a valuable gemstone due to its exceptional hardness, brilliance, and fire.
However, there are some tangential medical connections to the term "diamond." For example:
1. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA): A rare congenital bone marrow failure disorder characterized by a decrease in red blood cell production. It is named after Drs. Louis Diamond and Kenneth Blackfan, who first described it.
2. Turner syndrome with XY sex chromosomes: A rare genetic condition where an individual has only one functional X chromosome instead of the typical pair (XX) found in females. Occasionally, these individuals may have a Y chromosome fragment, often referred to as "mosaic Turner syndrome with XY cells" or "XY gonadal dysgenesis." In this context, the term "XY" is sometimes metaphorically described as a "genetic male's 'diamond in the rough'" due to its rarity and unique characteristics.
If you have more information about how the term "diamond" is being used in your specific medical context, I would be happy to help further clarify or provide additional details.
Cladocera is a order of small, freshwater crustaceans that are characterized by their compound eyes and leaf-like appendages. They are also known as water fleas due to their jumping motion in the water. Cladocerans are an important part of the aquatic food chain, serving as a food source for larger animals such as fish. They are often used as bioindicators of water quality due to their sensitivity to environmental changes.
Aluminum compounds refer to chemical substances that are formed by the combination of aluminum with other elements. Aluminum is a naturally occurring metallic element, and it can combine with various non-metallic elements to form compounds with unique properties and uses. Some common aluminum compounds include:
1. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3): Also known as alumina, this compound is formed when aluminum combines with oxygen. It is a white, odorless powder that is highly resistant to heat and corrosion. Aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications, including ceramics, abrasives, and refractories.
2. Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3): This compound is formed when aluminum combines with sulfuric acid. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. Aluminum sulfate is used as a flocculant in water treatment, as well as in the manufacture of paper and textiles.
3. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3): This compound is formed when aluminum combines with chlorine. It is a white or yellowish-white solid that is highly deliquescent, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air. Aluminum chloride is used as a catalyst in chemical reactions, as well as in the production of various industrial chemicals.
4. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): This compound is formed when aluminum combines with hydroxide ions. It is a white, powdery substance that is amphoteric, meaning it can react with both acids and bases. Aluminum hydroxide is used as an antacid and as a fire retardant.
5. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): This compound is formed when zinc oxide is combined with aluminum hydroxide. It is a white, powdery substance that is used as a filler in rubber and plastics, as well as in the manufacture of paints and coatings.
It's important to note that some aluminum compounds have been linked to health concerns, particularly when they are inhaled or ingested in large quantities. For example, aluminum chloride has been shown to be toxic to animals at high doses, while aluminum hydroxide has been associated with neurological disorders in some studies. However, the risks associated with exposure to these compounds are generally low, and they are considered safe for most industrial and consumer uses when used as directed.
Aluminum hydroxide is a medication that contains the active ingredient aluminum hydroxide, which is an inorganic compound. It is commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn. Aluminum hydroxide works by reacting with the acid in the stomach to form a physical barrier that prevents the acid from backing up into the esophagus.
In addition to its use as an antacid, aluminum hydroxide is also used as a phosphate binder in patients with kidney disease. It works by binding to phosphate in the gut and preventing it from being absorbed into the bloodstream, which can help to control high phosphate levels in the body.
Aluminum hydroxide is available over-the-counter and by prescription in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid suspensions. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and to talk to a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.
I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.
In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.
Water quality, in the context of public health and environmental medicine, refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water that determine its suitability for various uses, such as drinking, recreation, or industrial processes. The term encompasses a wide range of parameters, including but not limited to:
1. Microbial contaminants: Presence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms that can cause waterborne diseases.
2. Chemical contaminants: Including heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), disinfection byproducts, and other potentially harmful substances.
3. Physical parameters: Such as temperature, turbidity (cloudiness), color, taste, and odor, which can affect the water's acceptability for different uses.
4. Radiological contaminants: Exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive elements present in water sources.
Regulatory agencies establish guidelines and standards for water quality to protect public health and minimize potential adverse effects associated with exposure to contaminated water. Regular monitoring, treatment, and management of water sources are essential to ensure safe and reliable water supplies.
Dental polishing is a procedure in dentistry that is performed to smooth and clean the surfaces of teeth after professional dental cleaning (prophylaxis), restoration, or other dental treatments. It is usually done using a slow-speed handpiece with a soft, rubber cup attached to it, which holds a polishing paste or a slurry of pumice and water. The polishing paste may contain an abrasive agent, fluoride, or a flavoring agent. The dental professional moves the handpiece in a circular motion over the tooth surface to remove stains, plaque, and minor surface roughness, leaving the teeth smooth and shiny. Dental polishing helps to prevent the buildup of plaque and tartar, reduce the risk of decay and gum disease, and improve the overall oral hygiene and aesthetics of the teeth.
Dental porcelain is a type of biocompatible ceramic material that is commonly used in restorative and cosmetic dentistry to create tooth-colored restorations such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays, and bridges. It is made from a mixture of powdered porcelain and water, which is heated to high temperatures to form a hard, glass-like substance. Dental porcelain has several desirable properties for dental restorations, including:
1. High strength and durability: Dental porcelain is strong enough to withstand the forces of biting and chewing, making it suitable for use in load-bearing restorations such as crowns and bridges.
2. Natural appearance: Dental porcelain can be matched closely to the color, translucency, and texture of natural teeth, allowing for highly aesthetic restorations that blend seamlessly with the surrounding dentition.
3. Biocompatibility: Dental porcelain is biologically inert and does not cause adverse reactions or toxicity in the body, making it a safe choice for dental restorations.
4. Chemical resistance: Dental porcelain is resistant to staining and chemical attack from substances such as coffee, tea, red wine, and acidic foods and drinks.
5. Low thermal conductivity: Dental porcelain has low thermal conductivity, which means it does not transmit heat or cold readily, reducing the risk of temperature sensitivity in dental restorations.
Overall, dental porcelain is a versatile and reliable material for creating high-quality, natural-looking, and durable dental restorations.
In the field of medicine, ceramics are commonly referred to as inorganic, non-metallic materials that are made up of compounds such as oxides, carbides, and nitrides. These materials are often used in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high temperatures. Some examples of medical ceramics include:
1. Bioceramics: These are ceramic materials that are used in medical devices and implants, such as hip replacements, dental implants, and bone grafts. They are designed to be biocompatible, which means they can be safely implanted into the body without causing an adverse reaction.
2. Ceramic coatings: These are thin layers of ceramic material that are applied to medical devices and implants to improve their performance and durability. For example, ceramic coatings may be used on orthopedic implants to reduce wear and tear, or on cardiovascular implants to prevent blood clots from forming.
3. Ceramic membranes: These are porous ceramic materials that are used in medical filtration systems, such as hemodialysis machines. They are designed to selectively filter out impurities while allowing essential molecules to pass through.
4. Ceramic scaffolds: These are three-dimensional structures made of ceramic material that are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They provide a framework for cells to grow and multiply, helping to repair or replace damaged tissues.
Overall, medical ceramics play an important role in modern healthcare, providing safe and effective solutions for a wide range of medical applications.
In the context of medical terminology, "porosity" is not a term that is frequently used to describe human tissues or organs. However, in dermatology and cosmetics, porosity refers to the ability of the skin to absorb and retain moisture or topical treatments.
A skin with high porosity has larger pores and can absorb more products, while a skin with low porosity has smaller pores and may have difficulty absorbing products. It is important to note that this definition of porosity is not a medical one but is instead used in the beauty industry.
Dental bonding is a cosmetic dental procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material (a type of plastic) is applied and hardened with a special light, which ultimately "bonds" the material to the tooth to improve its appearance. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), dental bonding can be used for various purposes, including:
1. Repairing chipped or cracked teeth
2. Improving the appearance of discolored teeth
3. Closing spaces between teeth
4. Protecting a portion of the tooth's root that has been exposed due to gum recession
5. Changing the shape and size of teeth
Dental bonding is generally a quick and painless procedure, often requiring little to no anesthesia. The surface of the tooth is roughened and conditioned to help the resin adhere properly. Then, the resin material is applied, molded, and smoothed to the desired shape. A special light is used to harden the material, which typically takes only a few minutes. Finally, the bonded material is trimmed, shaped, and polished to match the surrounding teeth.
While dental bonding can be an effective solution for minor cosmetic concerns, it may not be as durable or long-lasting as other dental restoration options like veneers or crowns. The lifespan of a dental bonding procedure typically ranges from 3 to 10 years, depending on factors such as oral habits, location of the bonded tooth, and proper care. Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices can help extend the life of dental bonding.
Resin cements are dental materials used to bond or cement restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances, to natural teeth or implants. They are called "resin" cements because they are made of a type of synthetic resin material that can be cured or hardened through the use of a chemical reaction or exposure to light.
Resin cements typically consist of three components: a base, a catalyst, and a filler. The base and catalyst are mixed together to create a putty-like consistency, which is then applied to the restoration or tooth surface. Once the cement is in place, it is exposed to light or allowed to chemically cure, which causes it to harden and form a strong bond between the restoration and the tooth.
Resin cements are known for their excellent adhesive properties, as well as their ability to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. They can also be color-matched to natural teeth, making them an aesthetically pleasing option for dental restorations. However, they may not be suitable for all patients or situations, and it is important for dental professionals to carefully consider the specific needs and conditions of each patient when choosing a cement material.
Silanes are a group of chemical compounds that contain silicon and hydrogen. The general formula for silanes is Si_xH_(2x+2), where x is a positive integer. Silanes are named after their parent compound, silane (SiH4), which contains one silicon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
Silanes are colorless and highly flammable gases at room temperature. They are typically prepared by the reaction of metal silicides with acids or by the reduction of halogenated silanes. Silanes have a variety of industrial applications, including as intermediates in the production of silicon-based materials such as semiconductors and polymers.
In medical contexts, silanes are not typically used directly. However, some silane-containing compounds have been investigated for their potential therapeutic uses. For example, some organosilanes have been shown to have antimicrobial properties and may be useful as disinfectants or in the development of medical devices. Other silane-containing materials have been studied for their potential use in drug delivery systems or as imaging agents in diagnostic procedures.
It is important to note that some silanes can be hazardous if not handled properly, and they should only be used by trained professionals in a controlled environment. Exposure to silanes can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects.
Composite resins, also known as dental composites or filling materials, are a type of restorative material used in dentistry to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure. They are called composite resins because they are composed of a combination of materials, including a resin matrix (usually made of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate) and filler particles (commonly made of silica, quartz, or glass).
The composite resins are widely used in modern dentistry due to their excellent esthetic properties, ease of handling, and ability to bond directly to tooth structure. They can be used for a variety of restorative procedures, including direct and indirect fillings, veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns.
Composite resins are available in various shades and opacities, allowing dentists to match the color and translucency of natural teeth closely. They also have good wear resistance, strength, and durability, making them a popular choice for both anterior and posterior restorations. However, composite resins may be prone to staining over time and may require more frequent replacement compared to other types of restorative materials.
Surface properties in the context of medical science refer to the characteristics and features of the outermost layer or surface of a biological material or structure, such as cells, tissues, organs, or medical devices. These properties can include physical attributes like roughness, smoothness, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity, as well as chemical properties like charge, reactivity, and composition.
In the field of biomaterials science, understanding surface properties is crucial for designing medical implants, devices, and drug delivery systems that can interact safely and effectively with biological tissues and fluids. Surface modifications, such as coatings or chemical treatments, can be used to alter surface properties and enhance biocompatibility, improve lubricity, reduce fouling, or promote specific cellular responses like adhesion, proliferation, or differentiation.
Similarly, in the field of cell biology, understanding surface properties is essential for studying cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, and cell behavior. Cells can sense and respond to changes in their environment, including variations in surface properties, which can influence cell shape, motility, and function. Therefore, characterizing and manipulating surface properties can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cellular processes and offer new strategies for developing therapies and treatments for various diseases.
Dental stress analysis is a method used in dentistry to evaluate the amount and distribution of forces that act upon teeth and surrounding structures during biting, chewing, or other functional movements. This analysis helps dental professionals identify areas of excessive stress or strain that may lead to dental problems such as tooth fracture, mobility, or periodontal (gum) disease. By identifying these areas, dentists can develop treatment plans to reduce the risk of dental issues and improve overall oral health.
Dental stress analysis typically involves the use of specialized equipment, such as strain gauges, T-scan occlusal analysis systems, or finite element analysis software, to measure and analyze the forces that act upon teeth during various functional movements. The results of the analysis can help dentists determine the best course of treatment, which may include adjusting the bite, restoring damaged teeth with crowns or fillings, or fabricating custom-made oral appliances to redistribute the forces evenly across the dental arch.
Overall, dental stress analysis is an important tool in modern dentistry that helps dental professionals diagnose and treat dental problems related to occlusal (bite) forces, ensuring optimal oral health and function for their patients.
Medical definitions generally refer to terms and concepts within the medical field. The term "metal nanoparticles" is more commonly used in materials science, chemistry, and physics. However, I can provide a general scientific definition that could be relevant to medical applications:
Metal nanoparticles are tiny particles with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), composed of metals or metal compounds. They have unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties due to their small size and high surface-to-volume ratio, making them useful in various fields, including medical research. In medicine, metal nanoparticles can be used in drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications such as photothermal therapy and radiation therapy. Examples of metals used for nanoparticle synthesis include gold, silver, and iron.
Shear strength is a property of a material that describes its ability to withstand forces that cause internal friction and sliding of one portion of the material relative to another. In the context of human tissues, shear strength is an important factor in understanding how tissues respond to various stresses and strains, such as those experienced during physical activities or injuries.
For example, in the case of bones, shear strength is a critical factor in determining their ability to resist fractures under different types of loading conditions. Similarly, in soft tissues like ligaments and tendons, shear strength plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of these structures during movement and preventing excessive deformation or injury.
It's worth noting that measuring the shear strength of human tissues can be challenging due to their complex structure and anisotropic properties. As such, researchers often use specialized techniques and equipment to quantify these properties under controlled conditions in the lab.
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) is a group of enzymes that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. There are three distinct isoforms of NOS, each with different expression patterns and functions:
1. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS or NOS1): This isoform is primarily expressed in the nervous system and plays a role in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory processes.
2. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS or NOS2): This isoform is induced by various stimuli such as cytokines, lipopolysaccharides, and hypoxia in a variety of cells including immune cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. iNOS produces large amounts of NO, which functions as a potent effector molecule in the immune response, particularly in the defense against microbial pathogens.
3. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS or NOS3): This isoform is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells and produces low levels of NO that play a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and preventing smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Overall, NOS plays an essential role in various physiological processes, including neurotransmission, immune response, cardiovascular function, and respiratory regulation. Dysregulation of NOS activity has been implicated in several pathological conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a type of electron microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and produce a high-resolution image. In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of a specimen, and secondary electrons are emitted from the sample due to interactions between the electrons and the atoms in the sample. These secondary electrons are then detected by a detector and used to create an image of the sample's surface topography. SEM can provide detailed images of the surface of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and electronics for the examination and analysis of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (NOS2), also known as Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Unlike other isoforms of NOS, NOS2 is not constitutively expressed and its expression can be induced by various stimuli such as cytokines, lipopolysaccharides, and bacterial products. Once induced, NOS2 produces large amounts of NO, which plays a crucial role in the immune response against invading pathogens. However, excessive or prolonged production of NO by NOS2 has been implicated in various pathological conditions such as inflammation, septic shock, and neurodegenerative disorders.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "oxides" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Oxides are a class of chemical compounds that contain at least one oxygen atom and one other element. They can be formed through the process of oxidation, which involves the combination of oxygen with another substance.
In a broader sense, you might encounter the term "oxide" in a medical context when discussing various materials or substances used in medical devices, treatments, or research. For instance, titanium dioxide is a common ingredient in medical-grade sunscreens due to its ability to block and scatter UV light. However, it's important to note that the term "oxides" itself doesn't have a direct connection to medicine or human health.
Catalyst support
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide oxide
William A. Spinks
William Hoskins (inventor)
Aluminium dross recycling
Activated alumina
Aluminum cycle
1,4-Oxathiane
Arthur W. Thomas
Corundum
Gibbsite
Bicon Dental Implants
Thermite
Superfinishing
Anodic aluminium oxide
Photogeochemistry
Surface grinding
Cuajinicuilapa
Hexamethylbenzene
Pedalfer
Alcohol fuel
Hind Al-Abadleh
Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier
Topical gels
Aluminate
Filler (materials)
Solid state ionics
Mass finishing
Bridge (dentistry)
Transparent ceramics
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Ceramcut A-CK300 Aluminum Oxide Mounted Points - Henry Schein Zahn
In-Line Sputtered Gallium and Aluminum Codoped Zinc Oxide Films for Organic Solar Cells
4' X 9' ALUMINUM OXIDE PUMP SLEEVES
Quality Aluminum Oxide Grinding Belt » ChippingAway
Bosch 1/4 in. Aluminum Oxide Grinding Point Cylinder for Grinding and Shaping Metal GP710 - The Home Depot
POWERTEC 6 in. x 48 in.120-Grit Aluminum Oxide Sanding Belt (3-Pack) - Yahoo Shopping
Photomechanical Ablation of 304L Stainless Steel, Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Thin Film, and Pure Silicon
aluminum oxide hiphopgalaxy.com | Nanomaterials, Chemical Product
Aluminum Oxide powder The latest Qatar News,Qatar Technology,Qatar Indus
Norton Bear-Tex No. 796 Scouring Pad, Aluminum Oxide, Green | Quill.com
Klingspor Abrasives Aluminum Oxide Sanding Sleeves, 5/8'X 6' 100 Grit, 2pk
E1652 Standard Specification for Magnesium Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Powder and Crushable Insulators Used in the Manufacture...
Alumina Oxide, calcined 325 - The Ceramic Shop
PSA 6 inch Sanding Discs | Aluminum Oxide | Cloth Backed | 5/pack
Airgas - RAD64004960 - RADNOR® 3" Coarse Grade Aluminum Oxide RADNOR™ Brown Disc
Method for the preparation of α-aluminum oxide powder - Patent US-5284809-A - PubChem
10pc Mounted Stone Set 1/4\" & 1/8\" Shank Aluminum Oxide #12010 for Sale - BlackBerryForums.com
Aluminum Oxide powder Robot,Robot Tech,Robot Industry,Environment,Low Ca
Aluminum Oxide powder Robot,Robot Tech,Robot Industry,Environment,Low Ca
Hot Pressed Silicon Carbide and Aluminum Oxide Ceramics
2" W x 80 Grit Standard Abrasivesâ„¢ Aluminum Oxide Handy Rolls | U.S. Plastic Corp.
One-step synthesis of aluminum magnesium oxide nanocomposites for simultaneous removal of arsenic and lead ions in water - RSC...
Wide Applicability High Pressure Sandblasting Equipment For Aluminum Oxide Products for sale of sand-blastingmachine
Murdoch's - DEWALT - 4-1/2' 80 Grit Aluminum Oxide Fiber Resin Disc 5-Pack
5/32 inch Loose Ceramic Balls Al2O3 Alumina Oxide Bearing Balls - VXB Ball Bearings
3M Hookit Hook & Loop Disc 36142, Ceramic Aluminum Oxide, 3 in, 80 | RSHughes.com
3M Scotch-Brite CP-UW Deburring Wheel 01584, Aluminum Oxide, 6 in, Fine | RSHughes.com
36 Grit 7' x 7/8' Resin Fiber Aluminum Oxide Grain Abrasive Disc - Kimball Midwest
Grit3
- Built with a proprietary material mix that ensures long life, DEWALT's 4-1/2" 80 Grit Aluminum Oxide Fiber Resin Discs feature high-performance aluminum oxide grain, allowing discs to quickly expose new grain for fast material removal. (murdochs.com)
- 3M incorporates this ceramic aluminum oxide material into the hook & loop disc forming a grit of 80. (rshughes.com)
- 3M 261X Aluminum Oxide lapping film, 9' x 6.5' sheet, grit 3µm. (fiberoptics4sale.com)
Abrasive4
- 3M Hookit hook & loop disc uses ceramic aluminum oxide as the abrasive material and has a diameter of 3 in. (rshughes.com)
- 3M Scotch-Brite CP-UW unitized deburring wheel uses aluminum oxide as the abrasive material and has a diameter of 6 in. (rshughes.com)
- Aluminum oxide is a hard compound that's commonly used as an abrasive (think sandpaper). (pleasefireme.com)
- Aluminum Oxide Powder - Al 2 O 3 These are abrasive powders that are prepared from aluminum oxide, offering excellent coarse and intermediate polishing, with fast results. (yaffacafe.com)
Powder15
- Purity: 99.5%Particle Size: 2-10 microns Aluminium oxide powder - December 19 - Major Dutch energy suppliers are raising prices for next year, with Eneco, Vattenfall and EnNatuurlijk nearly doubling heating prices. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
- Fumed Alumina can be used in flow aids, as anti-adhesion for PET film, fluorescent tube, and lightbulb, as well as as an environment-friendly powder coating to protect and bond. (actionext.com)
- Purity: 99.9%Shape: Spherical About Powder of Spherical Aluminium Oxide Al2O3 : The formula for aluminum oxide is Al2O3. (actionext.com)
- Purity: 99.5%Particle Size: 2-10 microns Aluminium oxide powder: Al2O3 is the aluminum oxide form Metal 3D Printing Metal 3D printing, an ingenuous manufacturing process, uses layers to form the solid component. (actionext.com)
- What is Spherical Aluminum Oxide Al2O3 Powder? (actionext.com)
- Rising gold prices may also have an impact on the Spherical Aluminum Oxide Powder prices. (tatayoung.com)
- TRUNNANO provides high quality Spherical Aluminum Oxide Powder with reasonable price. (tatayoung.com)
- Aluminum oxide powder is used in some CD/DVD polishing and scratch repair kits. (jatujakguide.com)
- Spherical aluminum oxide is a kind of aluminum oxide powder material which is calcined by high temperature melt injection of irregular high purity aluminum oxide, and then obtained by screening and purification. (jatujakguide.com)
- Brown Aluminum Oxide Powder Blue Aluminum Oxide Powder White Aluminum Oxide Powder Black Silicon Carbide. (yaffacafe.com)
- We are known for our premium quality aluminum oxide that is used as polishing powder to polish the diamond and help it retain its shine. (yaffacafe.com)
- Aluminum Powder, Spherical *Prices are subject to change without notice due to market conditions. (yaffacafe.com)
- Aluminum oxide powder, -100 mesh, 99.9% Synonym: Alumina CAS Number 1344-28-1. (yaffacafe.com)
- PremaLox Aluminum Oxide Powder is a high purity fused Aluminum Oxide. (yaffacafe.com)
- Business listings of Aluminum Oxide Powder, Aluminium Oxide Powder manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Chennai, Tamil Nadu along with their contact details & address. (yaffacafe.com)
Abrasives1
- Structured aluminum oxide abrasives feature an eningeered surface of microscopic three-dimensional structures resembling pyramids. (chippingaway.com)
Inorganic3
- Aluminum oxide is a kind of inorganic with the chemical formula Al2O3. (jatujakguide.com)
- Aluminum oxide is a typical amphoteric oxide, soluble in inorganic acid and alkaline solutions, almost insoluble in water and non-polar organic solvents. (jatujakguide.com)
- MSHA has not adopted PELs for the following pneumoconiotic agents: tin oxide dust/fume, inorganic dusts of tin, insoluble tungsten dusts/fumes, and welding fumes (total particulate). (cdc.gov)
Aluminium oxide2
- Inhalation of aluminium oxide dust should be avoided, but there is no evidence of significant harm to the lungs associated with the inhalation of aluminium oxide dust. (pleasefireme.com)
- Our organization is engaged in offering a vast range of Aluminium Oxide. (yaffacafe.com)
Grain3
- Made with open coat Aluminum Oxide (A/O) grain, they act as a multi-purpose tool best used for wood sanding, shaping, stripping and giving a smooth finish to many of your woodworking applications. (yahoo.com)
- ALL PURPOSE ALUMINUM OXIDE GRAIN - Tough aluminum oxide grain is ideal for general purpose use on metals, plastic, wood and fiberglass. (kimballmidwest.com)
- The 1A-X portable sander belt has a semi-friable aluminum oxide grain and x-weight cotton backing. (weldfabulous.com)
Coatings3
- Aluminum oxide flakes are used in coatings to produce a reflective decorative effect, for example in the automotive or cosmetic industries. (jatujakguide.com)
- Aluminum oxide coatings are recommended for chemical and textile industry applications due to its wear properties and chemical inertness. (industrialplating.com)
- Pristine, as-produced multi-walled carbon nanotube s (AP-MW) are modified with coatings such as polymers (PC-MW) or aluminum oxide (AL-MW) for varied commercial applications. (cdc.gov)
Purity1
- Ferro is a leading global manufacturer of high-purity, alumina-based plastic lens polishing compounds that deliver the excellent polishing performance and high-quality finished surfaces required for optical lens surfacing. (yaffacafe.com)
Nanoparticles3
- Aluminum nanoparticles are genotoxic in vitro. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aluminum nanoparticles are more neurotoxic than micrometer aluminum. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aluminum oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized using laser ablation of an aluminum target in deionized water. (yaffacafe.com)
Chromium oxide2
- Recent studies have also observed that the passive oxide film formed on stainless steel consists primarily of chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) as the inner and outer layers, respectively. (scirp.org)
- The Phillips catalyst, consisting of chromium oxide supported on silica, is activated by a stream of hot air. (wikipedia.org)
Hardness2
- Aluminum oxide is used for its hardness and strength. (jatujakguide.com)
- 2021-1-4 · Note however, it is the same hardness as brown fused aluminum oxide. (yaffacafe.com)
Material3
- Is aluminum oxide a hazardous material? (pleasefireme.com)
- Aluminum Oxide is an engineered ceramic material that is widely used across many applications. (industrialplating.com)
- Aluminum is the main material to produce aluminum metals that are mostly used for construction and industries. (nanografi.com)
Spherical2
- 98% Fumed Alumina Fumed Alkyl Oxide Alumina (also known as Spherical allumina exhibits high sphericity with high levels of a-phase, which makes it a great filler for rubber, plastics, ceramics and other raw materials. (actionext.com)
- Spherical aluminum oxide is widely used in thermal interface materials, thermal engineering plastics and aluminum base copper clad plate filler. (jatujakguide.com)
Iron oxide1
- Thermite is a mixture of powdered or granular aluminum and powdered iron oxide. (medscape.com)
Nanomaterials2
- Aluminum oxide nanomaterials are genotoxic in rat peripheral blood cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aluminum oxide nanomaterials have the potential to cause genetic damage. (greenmedinfo.com)
Ceramic3
- 98% Fumed Alumina Fumed Alkyl Oxide Alumina (or aluminum The formula for aluminum oxide is Al2O3, which means that it's a thermally stable and highly insoluble source of Aluminum suitable to be used in glass, optic, ceramic, etc. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
- Loose Ceramic Balls 5/32" Al2O3 (Alumina Oxide), this is a popular size that could be used in many Bicycle, Balls are made of Ceramic Al2O3. (vxb.com)
- Aluminum Oxide ceramic spiked J weight cotton cloth backed resin bond, extremely smooth butt joint. (trugrit.com)
Particles5
- Nano-alumina particles induced Alzheimer disease neuropathology by enhancing the amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid beta production and aggregation. (greenmedinfo.com)
- The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a high-volume evacuation and a conventional intraoral suction system and aspirating tips for capturing aluminum oxide particles during use of an air-abrasion device. (bvsalud.org)
- Petri plates were fixed to the shafts at distances of 20, 40 and 60 cm from the center of the oral cavity of the phantom head to collect the aluminum oxide particles spread over during air abrasion. (bvsalud.org)
- The greatest deposition of aluminum oxide particles occurred at the shortest distance between the operator and the center of the oral cavity, while using the high-volume evacuation system associated to the conventional suction tip. (bvsalud.org)
- The particles generated regardless of composition were poorly soluble, complex metal oxides and mostly arranged as chain-like agglomerates and similar in size distribution as determined by micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). (cdc.gov)
Zinc4
- Gallium and aluminum codoped zinc oxide (GAZO) films were deposited at different temperatures by in-line sputtering. (hindawi.com)
- The aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) and gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO) have been most widely used in impurity doped ZnO [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Gallium and aluminum codoped zinc oxide (GAZO) films were fabricated and expected to obtain the benefits of both AZO and GZO films. (hindawi.com)
- [ 2 , 3 ] Various alloys of magnesium (eg, aluminum/zinc/magnesium alloy found in US M126 round) are mechanically sturdier but also can be ignited easily. (medscape.com)
Nitric1
- Many trap passivation methods have been researched as a solution and currently, nitridation of the interface via processes such as nitric oxide (NO) annealing is the most reliable approach. (auburn.edu)
Suitable2
- It's a thermally stable, highly insoluble Aluminum source, suitable for use in glass and optics. (actionext.com)
- Alumina Al2O3 is suitable for a variety of wet and dry treatment processes. (tatayoung.com)
Fume1
- Hazardous Decomposition Products: Aluminum oxide fume. (pleasefireme.com)
Powders1
- This specification covers the requirements for magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) powders and crushable insulators used to manufacture metal-sheathed platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs), noble metal thermocouples, base metal thermocouples, and their respective cables. (astm.org)
Silicon3
- In this work, the energy from a CO 2 laser was used to ablate three different materials, namely, stainless steel 304L, a thin film of amorphous aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and pure silicon, due to their wide use in MEMS technology. (scirp.org)
- Special grades of high density hot pressed silicon carbide and aluminum oxide are available in very large sizes. (mkt-intl.com)
- Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposited (PEALD) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) thin film were investigated with respect to their application in silicon solar cells where not only excellent surface passivation but also excellent electrical insulation properties are required. (fraunhofer.de)
Grinding1
- 8 inch / 230mm / 250mm / 12 inch Interchangeable Aluminum Platens A versatile compact, convertible design grinding/polishing machine can be configured, as required, with an 8 inch. (yaffacafe.com)
Widely2
- Transparent conductive oxides (TCO) are widely used in fabricating transparent electrodes of solar cells, touch panel displays, organic light emitting devices, and transparent thin films transistors [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Aluminum oxide is widely used to remove water from the air stream. (jatujakguide.com)
Catalyst2
- In its largest application, aluminum oxide is used as a catalyst in the Krauss process to convert hydrogen sulfide exhaust gas into elemental sulfur in refineries. (jatujakguide.com)
- Aluminum oxide can be used as catalyst carrier for many industrial catalysts, such as those used for hydrodesulfurization and some Ziegler-Natta polymerization reactions. (jatujakguide.com)
Thermally1
- Aluminum is thermally unstable compared to other elements in GAZO films. (hindawi.com)
Ingredient2
- Aluminum oxide is a common ingredient in sunscreen and is sometimes found in cosmetics such as blush, lipstick and nail polish. (jatujakguide.com)
- Many glass formulations contain aluminum oxide as an ingredient. (jatujakguide.com)
Belt1
- Introducing the 6 x 48 inch Aluminum Oxide Sanding Belt by POWERTEC. (yahoo.com)
Silica2
- Typical supports include various kinds of activated carbon, alumina, and silica. (wikipedia.org)
- NIOSH has no full-shift RELs for the following pneumoconiotic agents: aluminum oxide, emery, synthetic graphite, rouge, fused respirable silica dust, titanium dioxide, and welding fumes (total particulate). (cdc.gov)
Substances1
- Aluminium oxides rank amongst the less toxic substances and only exhibit toxic effects in high concentrations. (pleasefireme.com)
Thickness1
- We report on the influence of oxygen partial pressure for the development of surface oxides covering the industrial aluminum alloy standard 6063 at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 500° C. Using an array of synchrotron-based techniques, we followed the change in oxide thickness, chemical composition, and the lateral distribution of alloying elements. (lu.se)
Metals1
- The aluminum oxide sputtering target is a perfect combination to prevent metals from deteriorating. (nanografi.com)
Metal3
- A significant challenge in 4H-SiC metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is the poor channel conductance due to the trapping of carriers by high-density of near-interface traps at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface. (auburn.edu)
- Aside from being a great option to produce aluminum metal, aluminum oxide can be easily weakened by oxygen through a catalyze corrosion reaction. (nanografi.com)
- Magnesium, a silvery white metal of atomic weight 24.32, ignites at 632°C and burns at 1982°C, with magnesium oxide (MgO) as its combustion product. (medscape.com)
Temperatures2
- They have a melting and boiling point at high temperatures of 2054 deg C. Diaspore and bauxite are used as raw materials to make ind In the absence of new countries to replace China's declining aluminum demand, the era high profit in alumina is expected. (hiphopgalaxy.com)
- The impact of the oxygen chemical potential is most visible at high temperatures where the oxide composition changes from mostly Al based to mostly Mg based. (lu.se)
Type1
- Aluminosilicate glass is a common type of glass that usually contains 5 to 10 percent aluminum oxide. (jatujakguide.com)
Reaction1
- This reaction produces aluminum oxide, elemental iron, and sufficient heat to melt the iron. (medscape.com)
Chemical1
- Alumina thin films have attracted a lot of interest because of their physical and chemical properties. (scirp.org)
Protective2
- However, bonding oxygen with aluminum can create protective coating forms that could prevent corrosion from getting worse. (nanografi.com)
- Protective armors for military industries are also produced using aluminum oxide sputtering targets to keep them strong and prevent oxidation. (nanografi.com)