Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.
A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Adjuvant-guided type-1 and type-2 immunity: infectious/noninfectious dichotomy defines the class of response. (1/209)

Traditionally, protein Ags have been injected in CFA (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with IFA (oil alone) to induce tolerance. We report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic Ag, in CFA-induced and IFA-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory T cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. This adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type-1 and type-2 immunity was observed with seven protein Ags and in a total of six mouse strains. Highly polarized type-1 and type-2 immunity are thus readily achievable through the choice of adjuvant, irrespective of the genetic bias of the host and of the nature of the protein Ag. This finding should have far-reaching implications for the development of vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, our demonstration that Ag injected with IFA is as strongly immunogenic for T cells as it is with CFA shows that the presence of the mycobacteria determines not the priming of naive T cells through the second-signal link but the path of downstream differentiation toward CD4 memory cells that express either type-1 or type-2 cytokines.  (+info)

Humoral response suppression observed with CD23 transgenics. (2/209)

CD23, also known as the low affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRII), has been hypothesized to have a role in IgE regulation. A new CD23 transgenic mouse was generated using the MHC class I promoter and IgH enhancer to further test the hypothesis that CD23 plays a role in the down-regulation of IgE. Study of three founder lines by FACS showed overexpression to varying extents on both B and T lymphocytes. No alterations in lymphocyte populations was observed. All three founder lines exhibited strong suppression of IgE in response to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin/alum and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection compared with that in parental or littermate controls. The founder line exhibiting the highest level of suppression also was less susceptible to Ag-induced systemic anaphylactic shock. Overall, the data support the concept that enhancing CD23 levels can be used to suppress IgE-mediated disease. The mechanism involves decreased IgE synthesis, because the serum half-life of IgE was not altered in transgenics, and enzyme-linked immunospot analysis demonstrated lower IgE-producing cells stimulated by injection of anti-IgD. Transgenics also exhibited significantly decreased IgG1 responses and exhibited lower levels of all Ig isotypes, although this was more variable in different founder lines.  (+info)

Effects of aluminum potassium sulfate on learning, memory, and cholinergic system in mice. (3/209)

AIM: To study the relationship between aluminum potassium sulfate (APS) and memory deficits of mice. METHODS: 30, 60, or 90 d after the mice were given daily APS i.g., the step-through latency (STL) was determined with a passive avoidance task. Aluminum (Al) contents in brain and blood were assayed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acetylcholine (ACh) content in brain was determined with chemiluminescent method and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured radiochemically. RESULTS: APS 1 g.kg-1 increased blood-Al only after 30 d. After 60 d, STL, ACh content and ChAT activity decreased by 46.4%, 8.5%, and 22.6%, respectively. These parameters decreased by 50%, 11.1%, and 27.8%, respectively, with increased Al in blood and brain, after 90 d. APS 0.25 g.kg-1 had no effects on mice except blood-Al. In ethylcholine mustard aziridium chloride (AF64A) treated mice, APS 1 g.kg-1 only increased blood and brain-Al. CONCLUSION: The intake of APS 1 g.kg-1.d-1 for 60 d induced learning and memory deficits in mice.  (+info)

Disturbance of cerebral function in people exposed to drinking water contaminated with aluminium sulphate: retrospective study of the Camelford water incident. (4/209)

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether people exposed to drinking water contaminated with 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate in the Camelford area of Cornwall in the south west of England in July 1988 had suffered organic brain damage as opposed to psychological trauma only. DESIGN: Retrospective study of affected people. PARTICIPANTS: 55 affected people and 15 siblings nearest in age to one of the group but who had not been exposed to the contaminated water were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Various clinical and psychological tests to determine medical condition and anxiety levels in affected people. Assessment of premorbid IQ (pFSIQ) with the national adult reading test, a computerised battery of psychomotor testing, and measurement of the difference in latencies between the flash and pattern visual evoked potentials in all participants. RESULTS: The mean (SE) pFSIQ was above average at 114.4 (1.1). The most sensitive of the psychomotor tests for organic brain disease was the symbol digit coding (SDC) test (normal score 100, abnormal <85). PARTICIPANTS performed less well on this test (54.5 (6.0)) than expected from their pFSIQ (P<0.0001) and a little less poorly on the averaged less discriminating tests within the battery (86.1 (2.5), P<0.0001). In a comparison with the 15 sibling pairs (affected people's age 41.0 (3.3) years v sibling age of 42.7 (3.1) years (P=0.36) the exposed people had similar pFSIQ (114.7 (2.1)) to their siblings (116.3 (2.1), (P=0.59) but performed badly on the symbol digit coding test (51.8 (16.6)) v (87.5 (4.9) for siblings, P=0.03). The flash-pattern differences in exposed people were greater than in 42 unrelated control subjects of similar age (27.33 (1.64) ms v 18. 57 (1.47) ms, P=0.0002). The 15 unexposed siblings had significantly better flash-pattern differences than their affected siblings (13.4 (2.4) ms v 29.6 (2.9) ms, P=0.0002). No effect of anxiety could be shown on these measurements from the analysis of the anxiety scores of exposed people. CONCLUSION: People who were exposed to the contaminated water at Camelford suffered considerable damage to cerebral function, which was not related to anxiety. Follow up studies would be required to determine the longer term prognosis for affected individuals.  (+info)

Protective immunity using recombinant human IL-12 and alum as adjuvants in a primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (5/209)

Protection from cutaneous leishmaniasis, a chronic ulcerating skin lesion affecting millions, has been achieved historically using live virulent preparations of the parasite. Killed or recombinant Ags that could be safer as vaccines generally require an adjuvant for induction of a strong Th1 response in murine models. Murine rIL-12 as an adjuvant with soluble Leishmania Ag has been shown to protect susceptible mice. We used 48 rhesus macaques to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a vaccine combining heat-killed Leishmania amazonensis with human rIL-12 (rhIL-12) and alum (aluminum hydroxide gel) as adjuvants. The single s.c. vaccination was found to be safe and immunogenic, although a small transient s.c. nodule developed at the site. Groups receiving rhIL-12 had an augmented in vitro Ag-specific IFN-gamma response after vaccination, as well as increased production of IgG. No increase in IL-4 or IL-10 was found in cell culture supernatants from either control or experimental groups. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were not predictive of protection. Intradermal forehead challenge infection with 107 metacyclic L. amazonensis promastigotes at 4 wk demonstrated protective immunity in all 12 monkeys receiving 2 microgram rhIL-12 with alum and Ag. Partial efficacy was seen with lower doses of rhIL-12 and in groups lacking either adjuvant. Thus, a single dose vaccine with killed Ag using rhIL-12 and alum as adjuvants was safe and fully effective in this primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study extends the murine data to primates, and provides a basis for further human trials.  (+info)

Archaeosome vaccine adjuvants induce strong humoral, cell-mediated, and memory responses: comparison to conventional liposomes and alum. (6/209)

Ether glycerolipids extracted from various archaeobacteria were formulated into liposomes (archaeosomes) possessing strong adjuvant properties. Mice of varying genetic backgrounds, immunized by different parenteral routes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapped in archaeosomes ( approximately 200-nm vesicles), demonstrated markedly enhanced serum anti-BSA antibody titers. These titers were often comparable to those achieved with Freund's adjuvant and considerably more than those with alum or conventional liposomes (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol-cholesterol, 1. 8:0.2:1.5 molar ratio). Furthermore, antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b isotype antibodies were all induced. Association of BSA with the lipid vesicles was required for induction of a strong response, and >80% of the protein was internalized within most archaeosome types, suggesting efficient release of antigen in vivo. Encapsulation of ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme within archaeosomes showed similar immune responses. Antigen-archaeosome immunizations also induced a strong cell-mediated immune response: antigen-dependent proliferation and substantial production of cytokines gamma interferon (Th1) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (Th2) by spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, conventional liposomes induced little cell-mediated immunity, whereas alum stimulated only an IL-4 response. In contrast to alum and Freund's adjuvant, archaeosomes composed of Thermoplasma acidophilum lipids evoked a dramatic memory antibody response to the encapsulated protein (at approximately 300 days) after only two initial immunizations (days 0 and 14). This correlated with increased antigen-specific cell cycling of CD4(+) T cells: increase in synthetic (S) and mitotic (G(2)/M) and decrease in resting (G(1)) phases. Thus, archaeosomes may be potent vaccine carriers capable of facilitating strong primary and memory humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses to the entrapped antigen.  (+info)

Impaired affinity maturation in Cr2-/- mice is rescued by adjuvants without improvement in germinal center development. (7/209)

Cr2-/- mice have an impairment in humoral immunity, as shown by the decrease in the Ab titers against T cell-dependent Ags and abnormalities in germinal center formation. Germinal centers are present, but they are decreased in size and number, indicating problems in their development. In this study, we investigated whether this abnormality in germinal center development is associated with problems in the establishment of optimal affinity maturation and the generation of memory B cells, processes closely related to the germinal center reaction. We immunized the Cr2-/- animals with different Ags with or without adjuvants. We showed that, when immunized without adjuvants, complement receptors are absolutely required for optimal affinity maturation. Although limited affinity maturation is elicited in the Cr2-/- Ab response, it is decreased as compared with normal animals. Memory B cell generation is also impaired. In the presence of adjuvants, germinal center development in the Cr2-/- mice is still abnormal, as demonstrated by their decreased size and number. Surprisingly, adjuvants establish optimal affinity maturation and partially restore the amount of Ab produced during the primary response and memory B cell generation. However, adjuvants cannot improve the ability of follicular dendritic cells to retain Ags in the form of immune complexes. These observations indicate that immunization with inflammatory Ags offset some of the immunological abnormalities found in the Cr2-/- mice and show that optimal affinity maturation in the Cr2-/- mice can be achieved in the absence of normal germinal centers.  (+info)

Calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvant. (8/209)

Vaccination to protect against human infectious diseases may be enhanced by using adjuvants that can selectively stimulate immunoregulatory responses. In a murine model, a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant composed of calcium phosphate (CAP) was compared with the commonly used aluminum (alum) adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Results indicated that CAP was more potent as an adjuvant than alum, elicited little or no inflammation at the site of administration, induced high titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody and neutralizing antibody, and facilitated a high percentage of protection against HSV-2 infection. Additional benefits of CAP include (i) an insignificant IgE response, which is an important advantage over injection of alum compounds, and (ii) the fact that CAP is a natural constituent of the human body. Thus, CAP is very well tolerated and absorbed. These studies were performed with animal models. By virtue of the potency of this CAP adjuvant and the relative absence of side effects, we believe that this new CAP formulation has great potential for use as an adjuvant in humans.  (+info)

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Potassium aluminium sulphate, commonly known as Alum is one of a group of chemicals known as a mordant. A mordant acts like a bridge between fibre and dye and fixes the dye to the fibre. It deepens and enriches the colours for most dyes and improves light and washfastness. Alum is the safest mordant to use but I recommend that gloves are worn to protect the hands when using a mordant bath.. . A standard recipe for wool and silk is 10% of the Weight of Fibres (WoF) in Alum and 8% WoF Cream of Tartar, which acts as an assistant. Mordant baths can be reused. Just add half as much again of Alum and cream of tartar.. For cotton and other cellulose fibres Alum is part of a two or three day process combined with washing soda. For more information on how to use Alum read my book Colours of the Earth Natural Dye recipes now available as digital download.. Spent mordant baths can be disposed of down the sink or around acid loving plants such as hydrangeas .. ...
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Aluminium sulphate has zero basicity whereas that of the polymerized aluminium salts varies from about 50% for Al 2 (OH) 3 Cl 3 (i.e. 10% w/w Al 2 O 3) to about 85% for ACH (24% w/w Al 2 O 3). The H + ions produced by aluminium sulphate, PACl (10% w/w Al 2 O 3) and ACH are 6, 3 and 1, respectively. High basicity coagulants therefore depress the pH of the treated water less than aluminium ...
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Aluminum sulphate (Al-2(SO4)(3)) is used as a coagulant in treatment of water in many areas of the world. However, careful evaluation of the effects of aluminium compounds on health is necessary. With this aim, two doses of Al-2(SO4)(3) (10 and 20 mu g/mL) were used in human blood cultures. Apple, kiwi, melon, pear, rose hip, strawberry, tomato and watermelon juices were used as examples of foods (1 and 2 mg/mL) and their effectiveness were assessed in vitro following exposure to Al-2(SO4)(3) for the first time. ...
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Thus we questioned whether IL-4-producing CD8 T cells would be induced in vivo in response to primary immunization with alum-precipitated protein. The approach has been to compare the polarization of transgenic naïve ovalbumin-specific CD4 (OTII) and CD8 (OTI) T cells during their response to alum-precipitated ovalbumin (alumOVA). By addressing this question we have obtained further insight into the way early Th2-features are acquired by CD4 T cells in vivo in response to alum-precipitated protein.. Although both CD4 and CD8 OVA-specific T cells proliferate (30) in response to alumOVA, the acquisition of Th2-features, such as IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA up-regulation, is exclusively confined to CD4 T cells (Fig. 2). In addition, we confirm that mRNA specific for IL-17RB is strongly induced in vivo in alumOVA-responding OTII cells, but not in OTI cells responding to the same antigen (Fig. 2).. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the induction of IL-17RB expression is a selective feature of CD4 T ...
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By carefully studying the kinetics and distribution of the innate and adaptive T cell immune response after i.p. injection of OVA in alum, we have uncovered a previously unappreciated role for monocyte-derived DCs in mediating the adjuvant effects of alum on cellular and humoral immunity. This is underscored by the fact that inflammatory monocytes and DCs were attracted to the peritoneum after injection of OVA-alum; that they took up and processed the Ag on their way to the MLNs; that they acquired a functional phenotype of mature DCs once in the LN; and, finally, that removal of CD11c+ DCs abolished T cell proliferation in OVA-alum-immunized mice, an effect that was restored by adoptive transfer of Ly6Chi monocytes.. One of the aspects of our study that allowed us to uncover this new mechanism of action of alum was the assessment of the precise localization where Ag presentation occurred after i.p. injection. The peritoneal route is easily accessible and often used as a site for immunization to ...
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Abstract. Aluminum-based adjuvants (aluminum salts or alum) are widely used in human vaccination, although their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we report that, in mice, alum causes cell death and the subsequent release of host cell DNA, which acts as a potent endogenous immunostimulatory signal mediating alum adjuvant activity. Furthermore, we propose that host DNA signaling differentially regulates IgE and IgG1 production after alum-adjuvanted immunization. We suggest that, on the one hand, host DNA induces primary B cell responses, including IgG1 production, through interferon response factor 3 (Irf3)-independent mechanisms. On the other hand, we suggest that host DNA also stimulates canonical T helper type 2 (TH2) responses, associated with IgE isotype switching and peripheral effector responses, through Irf3-dependent mechanisms. The finding that host DNA released from dying cells acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern that mediates alum adjuvant activity may ...
Alum, any of a group of hydrated double salts, usually consisting of aluminum sulfate, water of hydration, and the sulfate of another element. 12H 2 O are considered to be an alum. How to use alumnus in a sentence. Meaning of Alum. The Latin term for a former school is alma mater, meaning nourishing mother; therefore, an alumnus can be seen as the foster son (pupil) of the nourishing mother (the school). 12H 2 O.Other alums are named after the monovalent ion, such as sodium alum and ammonium alum. Alumnus or Alumna? Alum (Fitkari) is an amazing ingredient with wonderful uses. Sometimes alum is seen in its crystalline form, although it is most often sold as a powder. ni A male graduate or former student of a school, college, or university. Alumni is a plural noun referring either to a group male graduates or to a group of both male and female graduates. Alumni and Alumnae A group of male graduates are alumni and a group of female graduates are formally called alumnae. A double sulfate of ...
res in response to alumOVA in vivo. The responding cells were analyzed for cytokine production after ex vivo restimulation. CD4 T cells were induced to produce Th2 cytokines by this antigen. A subset of 2% of OTII cells differentiating into IL-4-producing effector cells in responses to alumOVA (Fig. 2). This is consistent with other studies assessing the proportion of IL-4-containing OTII cells in response to the same antigen (8, 11, 12). On the other hand, neither IL-4, nor IL-13 and nor IL-5 was induced in vivo in OTI cells responding to alumOVA in LN. Nevertheless, the OTI cells did respond to alumOVA by proliferating and producing IFN-g -a classical feature of Th1 immune responses. These results show that OTI cells responding to alumOVA in vivo fail to mimic the Th2 response of OTII cells responding to this same antigen, but acquire Th1-related features.. Conclusions. The study shows that the Th2-cytokines ‑ IL-4, IL-13, IL-5 (mRNA and/or protein) ‑ as well as the transcription factor ...
Define alum. alum synonyms, alum pronunciation, alum translation, English dictionary definition of alum. n. Any of various double sulfates of a trivalent metal such as aluminum, chromium, or iron and a univalent metal such as potassium or sodium, especially...
Aluminium (Al) is a ubiquitous metal that is potentially toxic to the brain. Its effects on other fundamental organs are not completely understood. This morphological in vivo study sought to compare sublethal hepatotoxic changes and Al deposition in adult mice that orally ingested Al sulphate daily for 10 months, in age matched control mice that drank tap water and in senescent mice (24 months old). Livers were examined for collagen deposition using Sirius red and Masson, for iron accumulation using Perls stain. Light, electron microscopy and morphometry were used to assess fibrosis and vascular changes. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and EDX microanalysis were used to detect in situ elemental Al. Iron deposition, transferrin receptor expression were significantly altered following Al exposure and in the aged liver but were unaffected in age matched control mice. In Al treated mice as in senescent ...
Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Al 2 (SO 4) 3.It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purifi ion of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found e.g. in volcanic ... ...
There is disclosed a continuous process for the manufacture of aluminum sulfate by the reaction of sulfuric acid with an alumina-containing solid in an aqueous suspension. The reaction stream is passed into a continuous flow reaction zone that is maintained at a temperature controlled from 225° to 260° F. and under superatmospheric pressure. ...
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well, its a bit nitpicky and just depends on naming but it could be either depending on how you define 1 molecule of potassium alum and how exactly the right side of the equation is written. If potassium alum is defined as [tex]2KAl(SO_{4})_{2} * 12H_{2}O[/tex] then it would be 2 moles of aluminum equating with 1 mole of potassium alum. If potassium alum is defined as [tex]KAl(SO_{4})_2*12H_{2}O[/tex] then it would be 2 moles of aluminum equating with 2 moles of potassium alum ...
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Cytokines have important roles in the control of bacterial and viral infections such as HIV-1. Interleukin 17 which is secreted by Th17 is one of these cytokines with a special role in controlling microbial infections. In the present study, adjuvant activity of Alum and Naloxone mixture has been studied on immune responses, especially IL-17 cytokine. Naloxone and Alum adjuvant are mixed with 10 µg of recombinant vaccine HIV-1-gag-pol-tat-env. Experimental groups, consisting of 36 inbred male Balb/c mice divided into six groups, were injected subcutaneouslyat days 0, 14 and 28 with total volume of 200 µl. 2 weeks after final injection, mouse spleens were removed in sterile conditions and used to prepare suspensions. Lymphocyte proliferation responses were evaluated with Brdu test and evaluation of cytokines IL-4, IL-17 and INF-γ were completed using ELISA kit, plus total antibody and antibody isotopes IgG1 and IgG2a using ELISA test. All results show that the mixture of Alum with Naloxone
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The immune system represents a promising novel target for prevention of atherosclerosis. Several pilot vaccines that reduce atherosclerosis in experimental animals have been developed. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant Alum has been shown to have antiatherogenic properties in itself, suggesting that it may be a suitable adjuvant in possible future atherosclerosis vaccines. To characterize the immune pathways mediating this protection, we treated wild-type C57BL/6 and Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice with Alum or PBS. Analyses of splenocytes isolated from 12-week-old mice demonstrated that Alum increased the presence of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells and downregulated the expression of T cell activation markers CD28 and ICOS in Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice but not in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. A similar immunosuppressive phenotype was found also in 25-week-old Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice and was associated with reduced atherosclerosis. Alum precipitates recovered from the injection site of Apoe(-)(/)(-) mice contained ...
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environmental potash feldspar impact crusher in Torino, Aug 26, 2019·Potash feldspar crushersinclude jawcrusher, conecrusher, andimpact crusher. Potassium rock crushing process The raw materials are fed into the silo via a dump truck, and the materials are evenly fed into the jawcrusherthrough a vibrating feeder to prevent the material from impacting the crushing cavity to cause damage to the equipment.potash feldspar powder jaw crusher for gold ore, Crusher Machine For FeldsparCrusher Machine For Feldspar. Feldspar processing equipment used mainly for large ore milling, production yield, low investment cost Potash Feldspar Powder Tin Ore Crusher Mining Heavy We have potash feldspar powder tin ore ...equipment used in a potash plant, equipment potash flotation - Mineral Processing EPC 2018-5-3 Iron Ore Processing Plant Gold Mining Equipment Main Equipments potash feldspar jaw crusher used jaw crusher for sale complete processing plant Quotation More Air Classifier Air ClassifierPotash Feldspar ...
Potash (especially potassium carbonate) has been used in bleaching textiles, making glass, and making soap, since about AD 500. Potash was principally obtained by leaching the ashes of land and sea plants. Beginning in the 14th century potash was mined in Ethiopia. One of the worlds largest deposits, 140 to 150 million tons, is located in the Tigrays Dallol area.[16] Potash was one of the most important industrial chemicals. It was refined from the ashes of broadleaved trees and produced primarily in the forested areas of Europe, Russia, and North America. The first U.S. patent of any kind was issued in 1790 to Samuel Hopkins for an improvement in the making of Pot ash and Pearl ash by a new Apparatus and Process.[17] Pearl ash was a purer quality made by calcination of potash in a reverberatory furnace or kiln. Potash pits were once used in England to produce potash that was used in making soap for the preparation of wool for yarn production. As early as 1767, potash from wood ashes was ...
Vaccines are frequently administered together with an adjuvant, a compound that boosts the immune response to the vaccines active ingredient. One of the most popular adjuvants is aluminium hydroxide, or alum, which has been used for 80 years or so, because it works. How it works was not known - until now. Aluminium salts are shown to activate the Nalp3 inflammasome, an intracellular innate immune response system active in macrophages. Understanding how this widely used adjuvant acts could help in the design of more powerful, more specific adjuvants working in the same way. The mechanism by which the widely used vaccine adjuvant alum acts on the immune system has been unclear to-date. This paper shows that alum-mediated stimulation of the adaptive immune response requires activation of the Nalp3 inflammasome in antigen presenting cells. Aluminium adjuvants, typically referred to as alum, are the most commonly used adjuvants in human and animal vaccines worldwide, yet the mechanism underlying the
http://ca.reuters.com/. RANKFURT (Reuters) - Shares in German potash miner K+S SDFGn.DE leapt almost 40 percent on Friday after a takeover proposal from Canadas Potash Corp POT.TO which sources close to the matter said was worth more than 7 billion euros ($7.8 billion).. K+S, which would become the first German blue-chip firm in a decade to be bought by a foreign company, said it was assessing its options after announcing the approach late Thursday. Two sources close to the matter said K+S would likely reject the proposal as too low.. K+S believes Potash Corp wants to take capacity out of an over-supplied market to boost its profitability, the sources said, adding the Canadian firm might also look to close some of K+Ss high cost German mines and sell its salt business.. Potash Corp is currently operating well below full capacity because of weak potash prices.. The sources said Potash Corp proposed to pay just over 40 euros a share, a 38 percent premium to K+Ss closing price on Thursday and 44 ...
Project Profile on Ferric Alum - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Project Profile on Ferric Alum How to prepare ferric alum & financial reports
Este estudo avaliou a redução da taxa de kerma no ar, o espectro de energia dos raios X e alterações na qualidade da imagem radiográfica. Comparações com várias espessuras do filtro de liga de alumínio-cobre em três diferentes porcentagens foram feitas com o filtro de alumínio. Os experimentos foram feitos utilizando-se um aparelho de raios X odontológico convencional, obtendo radiografias com auxílio de um fantoma de segmento de mandíbula e de uma escala de densidade confeccionada com alumínio laminado. Dependendo da espessura da filtração da liga de alumínio-cobre, o feixe de raios X pôde ser endurecido em relação ao filtro de alumínio. O uso do filtro de liga de alumínio-cobre resultou em 8,40% a 47,33% de redução da taxa média de kerma no ar e indicou contraste da imagem radiográfica sem alteração, quando comparado com a filtração de alumínio, mostrando que os filtros de liga de alumínio-cobre tornam-se alternativas aceitáveis em relação aos filtros de ...
There are no studies available on terrestrial plants for the registered substance reaction mass of aluminium hydroxide and aluminium nitrate and aluminium sulphate. Nevertheless, aluminium is the most abundant metallic element in the Earths crust. Based on its ubiquitous occurrence the present natural background concentration far outweighs anthropogenic contributions of aluminium to the terrestrial environment. As detailed in the endpoint summary on terrestrial toxicity in general further toxicity testing on terrestrial organisms is considered unjustified and waiving based on exposure consideration is applied. However, for reasons of completeness existing data on the terrestrial toxicity of aluminium are provided in addition and summerised here. Kinraide & Parker (1987) in a test with Triticum aestivum determined an EC50 of 1.2 µM referring to the inhibition of root elongation of shoots after 2 days exposure. In a study investigating the same effect but using Alium cepa as test organism and a ...
Various receptors transduce signals in immune cells by associating with G proteins, and the signals modulate cellular motility (e.g., S1P and chemokine receptors; refs. 12, 13). PTX from Bordetella pertussis is an ADP-ribosylating toxin that prevents G protein-coupled receptor activation and consequently disrupts the signal transduction cascade for lymphocyte egress (14, 15). In order to clarify whether G protein-coupled receptors are involved in the migration of lymphocytes from aLNs to peripheral lymphoid tissues in SCID mice, aLNs were produced in BALB/c mice that had been immunized with alum-precipitated NP-OVA. The aLNs were then cultured in vitro for 3 hours in medium containing PTX before transplantation into SCID mice. After 2 i.v. immunizations with NP-OVA as described above, aLNs, spleens, and BM cells of recipient mice were collected. The number of IgG1 NP-specific AFCs in aLNs was greatly increased by treatment with PTX before transfer into SCID mice (Figure 8A). Conversely, the ...
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Medication and surgery simply treats the symptoms not the root cause of the condition, which is rarely cured. Surgeons are usually paid hansomely for each operation they perform. Therefore it would be wise to get another opinion before you accept surgery! - * * * * * The Pharmaceutical industry is slow to change, even under pressure, and will continue to use the cheapest ingredients if you let them. It was recently reported in the Irish Independent newspaper an 11-year-old girls experiment went tragically wrong, when she died right after sniffing her mothers deodorant while playing in the bed room. - It is a well-known fact that some odours can cause respiratory asphyxiation, nevertheless it is not generally known that antiperspirant deodorants contain aluminium sulphate, which can gradually poison the bodys lymphatic system and increase the risk of breast cancer - see toxic toiletries article. - Discomfort killers: If youre such as many people who suffer with chronic pain - from ...
Stops scratching instantly. Contains no toxic chemicals, aluminium sulphate, papain or hydrocortisone. 100% natural and herbal. Safe for children. Reapply as often as needed.
Alum is the most common mordant. If you are not sure what you want to do, mordant with alum, and use the others as additives. Order aluminum sulfate today.
Alum is the most common mordant. If you are not sure what you want to do, mordant with alum, and use the others as additives. Order aluminum sulfate today.
Yes. Multiply the weight of a gallon of water by the specific gravity of your wanna be alum solution to get the weight of a gallon of 48% w/w alum sulfate. Multiply that by. 48 and multiply that answer by 8000 ...
IMMEDIATE RELEASE. June 27, 2021. Contact: Avi D. Gordon, Executive Director Alums for Campus Fairness. 917-512-4585, [email protected]. Alums for Campus Fairness (ACF) is outraged and appalled by the recent antisemitic incident at San Diego State University (SDSU), in which the large menorah in front of the Chabad House was vandalized. ACF will not stand by as Jewish spaces at our alma mater are targeted.. On Friday, June 25th, the Chabad House was vandalized for the third time in two months. Rabbi Chalom Boudjnah stated that two students broke a branch off the Menorah in front of the house, ripped the banner with Jewish students pictures on it, and laughed while running off with the broken pieces. We are appalled by the senseless antisemitism that has once again cropped up at SDSU.. ACF Chapter Leader Michelle Golan states, For me the biggest message Id like to pass along is that this type of behavior is not indicative of what SDSU and our community stands for. We should be holding the ...
Duck Dynasty alum Jase Robertson shaves beard for charity. Duck Dynasty alum Jase Robertson has shaved off his signature beard to raise money for the Mia Moo Fund, which helps people with cleft lips and palates.
From cleaning supplies to bath-and-body goodies, Alum Rock Pharmacy in San Jose satisfies all your drugstore needs.When you are commuting to this store by car, take advantage of the nearby parking options. When you live a life in the fast lane, you deserve a store that can keep up with you. Pick up your basic home goods with efficiency and quality at Alum Rock Pharmacy in San Jose.
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TORONTO--(Marketwired - Jun 11, 2013) - IC Potash Corp. (ICP or the Company) (TSX: ICP) (OTCQX: ICPTF) today announced that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) has issued the Company a Jurisdictional Determination confirming that there are no Waters of the United States on the Ochoa Sulphate of Potash...
Continued good demand for potash and magnesium products, the further stabilisation of potash prices on a low level and a positive special item of about € 30 million characterised the business development of the K+S Group from April to June 2014. EBIT I for the quarter was only slightly below the figure of a year ago, but down significantly when adjusted for the extraordinary effect.. Giving the starting position on global potash markets, we had a solid first half of the year, says Norbert Steiner, chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of K+S Aktiengesellschaft. The good salt business in North America and the positive development of our fertilizer specialties were particularly pleasing. We are making good progress on Fit for the Future and our Legacy Project.. In the first half of the year, the K+S Group saw revenues fall by about 8% to € 1.97 billion. Higher sales volumes in the Salt business unit in the wake of the severe winter in North America could only partially offset ...
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Cyco Potash Plus strengthens plants and aids in water retention which improves yields and transportability. Cyco Potash Plus also makes a positive
We are very encouraged with the results from the Phase 1 resource delineation drilling at Mariana that confirmed our belief in the potential of this multi-commodity potash-lithium-boron brine project. The observed extent of high grade potash brine encountered provides ILC the support and confidence to continue to advance our plans towards development. The objective for the next stage of exploration is to complete the remaining 10 to 12 holes needed for delineation drilling in conjunction with hydrogeological testing required to produce a reportable resource. Drilling will be designed to test structures that may control higher grade potash, lithium or boron zones states Kirill Klip, President of the Company.The Company has received analytical results for Phase 1 of the Resource Delineation drilling program at the Companys 100% owned Mariana potash-lithium-boron brine project. Four (4) widely spaced drill holes (totalling 444 metres), were positioned approximately 5 km apart to characterize the ...
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View Notes - Discussion 1 from ECON 4428 at Drew. In this lab, scraps of aluminum foil were turned into common alum. This is a common process that industries use, in which aluminum is chemically
Double-Blind Randomized Efficacy Field Trial of Alum Precipi¬tated Autoclaved Leishmania major (Alum-ALM) Vaccine Mixed With BCG Plus Imiquimod Vs. Placebo Control Group
A kinetic study of the dehydrations of the alums KCr(SO4)2. 12H2O and KAl(SO4)2. 12H2O in water vapour atmospheres is reported. The product-yield-time data are described by the Avrami-Erofeev (n = 2) and contracting cube equations. The observed kinetic behaviour differed from expectation for this reaction, which is known to proceed through the growth of three-dimensional nuclei. The retention of the volatile product (water) in the vicinity of the reactant solid influences the course of interface generation and development during the early stages of dehydration. Later there is a first order approach to the establishment of equilibrium between water vapour and the solid reactant/product mixture. This pattern of kinetic behaviour is confirmed by a parallel thermal analysis (DSC) study in dry nitrogen. Evidence was obtained that an appreciable quantity of water was retained by the solids throughout these reactions. This is consistent with the view that water, temporarily retained at the active ...
Bachelorette alum Michael Nances cause of death was revealed in an autopsy report revealed on Friday, August 25 - read more
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Heuchera maxima (Island Alum Root) is a rhizomatous perennial, up to 3 feet (90 cm) tall, growing a broad patch of large, up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) wide…. ...
MaxiAids: All Terrain Cane - 4-Section Alum. Folding- 52-in. The All Terrain Cane was designed to help the blind navigate more safely and ea...
MaxiAids: All Terrain Cane - 4-Section Alum. Folding- 54-in. The All Terrain Cane was designed to help the blind navigate more safely and ea...
American Idol alum Tori Kelly tied the knot with basketball player André Murillo in 2018. Get to know the singers husband with details from André Murillos wiki.
phosphate mining in south africa and its effect on aids Cheap High Potash, find High Potash deals on line at phosphate mining in south africa and its effect on aids Find the cheap High Potash, Find the best High Potash deals, Sourcing the right Gold potash+ is one of the most advanced root based phosphorus boosters in the ... ...
4 ± 88.4 (log10 2.45 ± 1.95). YC-Brij700chitosan-gp140 but not YC-SDS-gp140 nor YC-NaMA-gp140 promoted significant specific-gp140 IgA titers (P < 0.05) after three immunizations (90 days). Such effect was comparable to that of Alum at the same time point (P < 0.05). However, the effect of NP as a whole on serum specific-gp140 IgA after i.d. immunization was low because the kinetics and magnitude of specific-gp140 IgA responses promoted by Alum after the first boost (60 days) was significantly superior to those of NP ( Fig. 4C). To test whether YC-wax NP modulated T-helper cell responses, the gp140 specific IgG1/IgG2a. ratio was also determined by ELISA. Of note, gp140 alone induced an IgG response that was biased selleck screening library towards a Th2 phenotype. Such a response did not appear to be modulated by Alum, YC-wax NaMA or YC-wax Brij700-chitosan (Fig. 4D). However, YC-wax SDS appeared to induce a more balanced Th1/Th2 response. (Fig. 4D). To test whether NP were also capable of ...
PBS (Gibco). Alhydrogel (Alum; InvivoGen, vac-alu-250). Shake well before use. OVA (InvivoGen, vac-pova-100). Dissolve the OVA power in PBS (2 mg/ml) to make the OVA-Alum solution (below). A solution of 20 μg/ml OVA in PBS will be needed for the ELISA. OVA-Alum solution. *** Always make OVA solution fresh the day of the injection***. Mix equal parts the OVA solution and Alum. For example, for one mouse mix 100 μl OVA solution (2 mg/ml) and 100 μl of the Alum together. Mix well by pipetting up and down for at least 5 minutes.. Goat anti-IgE antibody HRP conjugated (SouthernBiotech, 1110-05). 1 ml Syringes (BD). 96 wells plate (Thermo). 1.5 ml tubes (Fisher). Lanset. ELISA washing buffer (0.1% TWEEN 20 in PBS). ELISA blocking buffer (0.1% Tween 20+1% BSA in PBS). TMB SureBlue reagent (KPL, 52-00-01). TMB Stop Solution (KPL, 50-85-05). Recombinant OVA-specific IgE (Biolegend, CST-090514JI-UTS). Mouse IgE ELISA Ready-SET-Go! (eBiocience, 88-50460-77). ...
To prepare the crystals of the given substances (Copper sulphate,Potash alum ,Benzoic acid) form their impure samples through crystallization.
To prepare the crystals of the given substances (Copper sulphate,Potash alum ,Benzoic acid) form their impure samples through crystallization.
The separate effects of size dependent growth and size dispersion can be evaluated from batch crystallization tests using seeds with a bimodal size distribution. Size dependency of growth is evaluated from the separation of the means of each peak, and size dispersion by the spreading of the peaks. Results are given for sucrose and potash alum ...
Look up alum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alum is a species and class of chemical compound. Potassium alum, the ... surname Alum Bay Alum Creek (disambiguation) Alum Rock (disambiguation) Alum Springs (disambiguation) This disambiguation page ... Alum may also refer to: Alum, Texas, a community in the US Alumnus, a graduate of a particular institution Alum Pot, a pothole ... lists articles associated with the title Alum. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...
The Alum Cliffs are made of Permian mudstone, containing pyrite. Once oxidised, the pyrite produces the chemical compound alum ... What Is Alum?". Retrieved 20 August 2022. "Alum Cliffs Track (6.0km)". trailhiking.com.au. Retrieved 20 August 2022. "Alum ... The Alum Cliffs track is accessible via Tyndall Beach at Kingston Beach and the Channel Highway. "Alum Cliffs, Taroona". ... The Alum Cliffs are a section of cliffed coast facing the Derwent Estuary and Storm Bay along the suburbs of Taroona, Bonnet ...
... alum' - compound substances with chemical structures containing aluminium; production technologies alum and areas of their ... Basic data on the structure of aluminium atoms; different compounds containing aluminium; chemical and physical properties; ...
5, where a brief allusion appears under the appellation of Compound Alum Powder. Dr. F. R. Squibb, however, in a letter to the ...
To remove phosphorus compounds from the liquor, aluminium sulfate (alum) is often added during this period. It reacts to form ... non-soluble compounds, which settle into the sludge in the next stage. The settling stage is usually the same length in time as ...
However, in the 19th century more effective chemical compounds were developed, and alum ceased to be a profitable mining ... Historically, alum was employed in a range of medicinal products, as a food preservative, to clarify water and to finish cloth ... In the first chamber, information is presented about the history of the mine - in the 16th to 19th centuries an alum shale mine ...
However, the compound alum has been known since the 5th century BCE and was used extensively by the ancients for dyeing. During ... Small alum mines were worked in Catholic Europe but most alum came from the Middle East. Alum continued to be traded through ... He also synthesized alum as a reaction product between sulfates of potassium and earth of alum, demonstrating that alum was a ... discovering a rich source of alum at Tolfa near Rome The history of aluminium was shaped by the usage of its compound alum. The ...
The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum. ... Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum and alum manufactured by himself, confirming Vauquelin's results. Potassium alum ... Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and ... Potassium alum may be a weak irritant to the skin. Ammonium aluminium sulfate Alum "Alum-(K) Mineral Data". Mineralogy Database ...
Inorganic compounds: potassium alum, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide Oils: paraffin oil, ... A second mechanism depends on alum killing immune cells at the injection site although researchers aren't sure exactly how alum ... Alum can trigger dendritic cells and other immune cells to secrete Interleukin 1 beta (IL‑1β), an immune signal that promotes ... Alum was the first aluminium salt used for this purpose, but has been almost completely replaced by aluminium hydroxide and ...
An alum (/ˈæləm/) is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula ... The most important alums are Potassium alum, KAl(SO 4) 2·12 H 2O, also called "potash alum" or simply "alum" Sodium alum, NaAl( ... Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum, and an alum manufactured by himself, confirming Vauquelin's result. Some alums occur as ... Other alums are named after the monovalent ion, such as sodium alum and ammonium alum. The name "alum" is also used, more ...
Aluminium compounds, Sodium compounds, Sulfates, Double salts, E-number additives, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs) ... Alum-(Na), WebMineral.com, retrieved 2009-11-28.Alum-(Na), Mindat.org, retrieved 2009-11-28. Mendozite, WebMineral.com, ... Sodium alum is also used as an acidity regulator in food, with E number E521. Sodium alum is also a common mordant for the ... Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food ...
The alum compounds studied had the general formula A.B.(SO4)2.12H2O, where A was a monovalent metallic ion (NH4+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ ... Because the alum crystals were largely isomorphous when the heavy atoms were changed out, they could be phased by isomorphous ... replacement in crystallography came in 1927 with a paper reporting the x-ray crystal structures of a series of alum compounds ... The crystal structure of some of the alums". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4 ...
... a class of compounds involving double sulfates of aluminium.: 68 The use of various types of alum in medicines and dyes is ... Calcium compounds and aluminium compounds do not have that problem, though, since calcium compounds that deprotonate twice are ... Cooks also needed less alum-based baking powder to produce a comparable effect. As a result, alum-based baking powders were ... However, the actual composition of alum was not determined until 1798, when Louis Vauquelin demonstrated that common alum is a ...
Let it remain in the sun till most of the fat is dried out of it, then rub with a compound of powdered alum, salt, and pepper ...
... may refer to: Alum rock, a specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds Alum Rock, California, US, ... California Alum Rock, Pennsylvania Alum Rock, Birmingham, an area in the UK, two miles east of Birmingham's city centre Alum ... formerly a town, now a neighborhood of San Jose, California Alum Rock Park, in San Jose, ...
... alum compounds MeSH D01.875.800.800.850.050 - ammonium sulfate MeSH D01.875.800.800.850.075 - barium sulfate MeSH D01.875. ...
... or iron alum, is a double salt in the class of alums, which consists of compounds with the general formula AB(SO4)2 · 12 H2O. ... "On the Cause of the Amethyst Color of Ferric Alum and of Mixed Crystals of Ferric and Manganic Alum". Chem. Lab. Roy. Vet. Agr ... Ammonium compounds, Iron(III) compounds, Sulfates, Double salts). ... Bonnell, Jane; Philip Perman, Edgar (1921). "CCXXIX.-The colour of iron alum". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 119: 1994-1997. doi: ...
Alum (chemical compound) Alum-(K) (IMA2007 s.p., 1951, 77 CE) 7.CC.20 [282] [283] [284] (IUPAC: potassium aluminium disulfate ... dodecahydrate) Alum-(Na) (IMA2007 s.p., 1951, 77 CE) 7.CC.20 [285] [286] [287] (IUPAC: sodium aluminium disulfate dodecahydrate ...
Alum, chemical compound This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Alam. If an internal link led you ...
It is a calcined formulation of regular calcium sulfate plaster with an alum admixture. The compound gives a hard finish that ...
Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in ... such as in chrome alum and alum. Chromium(III) tends to form octahedral complexes. Commercially available chromium(III) ... Organic compounds containing Cr(IV) state such as chromium tetra t-butoxide are also known. Most chromium(I) compounds are ... This red brown compound is stable at room temperature but decomposes spontaneously at 150-170 °C. Compounds of chromium(IV) are ...
The sands are coloured due to oxidised iron compounds formed under different conditions. Alum Bay Chine begins as a small ... Alum Bay: Geology of the Isle of Wight. Internet site: www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Alum-Bay.htm. School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, ... It is possible that Alum Bay was once fed by a Chine by this name, which has long since eroded away. Alum Bay sand includes ... The Alum in Alum Bay Archived 15 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Isle of Wight Industrial Archaeology Society report Marconi ...
... such as in chrome alum and alum. Chromium(III) tends to form octahedral complexes. Commercially available chromium(III) ... Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in ... Organic compounds containing Cr(IV) state such as chromium tetra t-butoxide are also known. Most chromium(I) compounds are ... This red brown compound is stable at room temperature but decomposes spontaneously at 150-170 °C. Compounds of chromium(IV) are ...
Alums, such as KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, are another series of isomorphous compounds, though there are three series of alums with ... These compounds, both of D3 symmetry have very similar shapes, as determined by bond lengths and bond angles. Isomorphous ... In crystallography, compounds are isomorphous if their symmetry is the same and their unit cell parameters are similar ... form a series of isomorphous compounds which were important in the nineteenth century in establishing the correct atomic ...
Aluminium compounds, Ammonium compounds, Sulfates, Double salts, Astringent flavors, E-number additives). ... also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white ... Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful laboratory reagent, but it is cheap and effective, ... Ammonium alum is made from aluminium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. It forms a solid solution with potassium ...
PoO3 Potash Alum - K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O Potassium alum - AlK(SO4)2 Potassium aluminium fluoride - KAlF4 Potassium amide - KNH2 ... of compounds List of copper salts List of inorganic compounds named after people List of minerals List of organic compounds ... and related compounds, not hydroxides, carbonates, acids, or other compounds listed elsewhere) Palladium(II) chloride - PdCl2 ... Lists of chemical compounds, Chemistry-related lists, Inorganic compounds). ...
The main use is as a precursor to potassium chrome alum, used in leather tanning. Like other chromium(VI) compounds (chromium ... As with other Cr(VI) compounds, potassium dichromate is carcinogenic. The compound is also corrosive and exposure may produce ... There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... Chromium VI and compounds fact sheet NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards IARC Monograph "Chromium and Chromium compounds" ...
5, where a brief allusion appears under the appellation of Compound Alum Powder. Dr. F. R. Squibb, however, in a letter to the ...
... alicyclic compound aliphatic compound Alkali Alkali metal Alkaline earth alkane alkene Allingite allotrope Allotropy alloy Alum ... Chemical compounds are listed separately at list of organic compounds, list of inorganic compounds or list of biomolecules. ... of elements named after places List of inorganic compounds List of inorganic compounds by element List of organic compounds ... Brown Hermann Emil Fischer Hermann Staudinger heterocyclic compound Hexane Hiddenite Hideki Shirakawa High performance liquid ...
The chemistry portion also included how to deal with metallic compounds such as Gold, Silver, Tin, and Iron. Furthermore, the ... The book also featured the chemical ingredients that produced smoke bombs, phosphorus of lime, alum Phosphorus and a technique ... It described how to mix the chemical compounds. ... section listed the chemical compounds to prove spirits, glue ...
... into a strange sort of compound, for which it is difficult to find a name". Modern Cookery remained in print until 1918, when ... which included the addition of alum and what she called "other deleterious substances". The food writer Elizabeth Ray observes ...
NLRP3 can be activated and give rise to NLRP3 inflammasome by ATP, bacterial pore-forming toxins, alum and crystals. Alongside ... among many other compounds. There are several subgroups of PRRs. They are classified according to their ligand specificity, ...
Potassium compounds, Aluminates, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ... Potassium aluminate can be used to produce potassium alum with sulfuric acid in this reaction. KAlO2 + 2 H2SO4 ⇌ KAl(SO4)2 + 2 ... Potassium aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula KAlO2, which in aqueous solution exists as K[Al(OH)4]. ...
"Alum shale may contain natural gas - Total E&P Denmark B.V." Skifergas.dk. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. " ... "Ban on use of BTEX compounds in CSG activities". NSW Trade & Investment. 6 September 2014. "Victoria moves to ban coal seam gas ...
alum Alum (aluminum sulfate) is a naturally occurring basic mordant widely used in the ancient world. añil Añil (Indigofera ... dye Dyes are color-bearing organic compounds that can be dissolved in water or another liquid so that they will penetrate ... alum, and a solution of tin." Turkey red was developed in India and spread to Turkey. Greek workers familiar with the methods ... N O P Q R S T U W Y References Kendal green Kendal green is a coarse gray-green woolen cloth created by mordanting wool in alum ...
Spangler, Todd (March 31, 2022). "Harry and Meghan's Archewell Taps Sony Pictures Alum Fara Taylor as Head of Marketing ( ... compounded with the English word 'well'. The National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) is a classification system for non- ...
To the lye extract, alum is added (or to the alum extract, lye) in order to fix the color, which will precipitate from the ... Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, ECHA InfoCard ID from ... Alum is added to help develop and fix the color, which can then be used as a transparent ink or paint. As with hematein, ... Then, the powder can be soaked in lye (which produces a deep, purplish red) or a hot solution of alum (which produces an orange ...
Ware 1966: 177). Sixth, the method of Wu Chengzi (務成子) compounds alchemical gold from realgar, yellow sand, and mercury, and ... purified potassium alum, laminar malachite, and magnetite (Needham et al. 1976: 86). Each mineral is put through five ... The Modern Standard Chinese lexicon uses chu in many compound words, for instance, chúfáng (廚房 with 房 "room", "kitchen"), ...
... and during 1950-1989 alum shale was used in Sweden for the same purpose. Oil shale gas can also be used as a substitute for ... a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds), from which liquid hydrocarbons can be manufactured. The industry has developed ...
It comes from high soft leather, tanned with alum. The cap is 10-13 mm in diameter, conical to convex in shape, somewhat sticky ... As a blueing member of the genus Psilocybe it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin. Psilocybe alutacea ...
... with water and alum (KAl(SO4)2) or vitriol (FeSO4). 2KNO3 + H2O + FeSO4 → FeO + K2SO4 + 2HNO3 Nitric acid, after distillation ... and Gold Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_499. ISBN 3527306730. Yannopoulos ...
Alum springs contained alum. Sulfur springs contained hydrogen sulfide gas (see also fumeroles). Salt (saline) springs ... Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage ... Chaybeate springs may deposit iron compounds such as limonite. Some such deposits were large enough to be mined as iron ore. ...
... is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name "alum" is more ... 21 CFR 182.1125, 2020-04-01, retrieved 2021-02-22 "Compound Summary for CID 24850 - Aluminum Sulfate Anhydrous". PubChem. Ilje ... The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, aluminium silicate and various ... 2 PbSO 4 The compound decomposes to γ-alumina and sulfur trioxide when heated between 580 and 900 °C. It combines with water ...
She compounds the mistake in "I Kissed a Girl" when she sleeps with him, and Shelby resigns from McKinley in the eighth episode ... Goldberg, Lesley (July 10, 2013). "'Glee' Books 'Idol' Alum Adam Lambert for Season 5". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July ...
... is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Cr2O7. In this compound, as in all chromates and ... It is also used as a mordant for dyeing pigments, in manufacturing of alizarin, chrome alum, leather tanning and oil ... The compound is also used in the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in ZrCl4/wet SiO2 ... At room temperature and pressure, the compound exists as orange, acidic crystals soluble in water and alcohol. It is formed by ...
"QC Alum and Deceased 9/11 Hero Salman Hamdani Memorialized With New Scholarship That Honors His Medical School Dream" (Press ... "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Trivalent Amino Acid Derived Chiral Phosphorus Compounds". J. Org. Chem., 69 (6), ...
Not a compound of several chemicals, as this would violate No. 7. From practical experience "6" and "9" were usually ... Giovanni Battista della Porta is credited with the first recipe for a sympathetic ink, derived from alum and vinegar, as well ... a chemical compound extracted from pills for constipation, were used as invisible ink. It is colorless but turns pink when ...
S01AE07 Moxifloxacin S01AE08 Besifloxacin S01AX01 Mercury compounds S01AX02 Silver compounds S01AX03 Zinc compounds S01AX04 ... hypertonic S01XA04 Potassium iodide S01XA05 Sodium edetate S01XA06 Ethylmorphine S01XA07 Alum S01XA08 Acetylcysteine S01XA09 ...
Inside the compound, they find that Ra's is wiping the hard drives clean, preventing data recovery. As his parting gift, he has ... Bryant, Jacob (March 2, 2017). "'Gotham' Casts 'Star Trek' Alum Alexander Siddig as Ra's al Ghul". Variety. Los Angeles, ...
Already alums of HubSpot hold prominent roles as founders or executives at InsightSquared, Quantopian, Wechsler, Pat (2015-03- ... "Companies with more than one woman on the board have returned a compound 3.7% a year over those that have none..." and yet ...
... and the waste water from the two alum smelters[3]. The Alaunbach now served as an open sewage ditch for the harmful sulphate, i ... which is reddish-brown due to iron compounds and which escaped from the alumina and lignite deposits that were also mined there ...
... as alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. They are also found in consumer products such as ... Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, ... Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, as ... alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. They are also found in consumer products such as ...
Sir Humphrey Davy, the Cornish chemist who discovered the metal, called it aluminum, after one of its source compounds, alum ...
The Dancing with the Stars alum shares the joys of visiting the compound as a guest. Because of the beautiful desert weather ... Suzanne, who had initially purchased the compound as an escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles, believes that when ... Whomever is fortunate enough to acquire this compound will eventually feel that it was one of their lifestyles best decisions ... Tour Suzanne Somers decadent Palm Springs compound, complete with magical views of the desert The entertainers California ...
... set 4 for the Aluminium Show and Record Launch from Rob Jones and XL Records Rain Triptych Physicians of ancient Rome used alum ... Physicians of ancient Rome used alum, a natural compound of aluminium, as an effective styptic. 3 Colour signed and numbered ...
2) Ammonium chrome alum: a green crystalline compound used as a mordant in dyeing. ... potassium chrome alum; ammonium chrome alum Resources and Citations. *Richard S. Lewis, Hawleys Condensed Chemical Dictionary ... 1) Potassium chrome alum: a violet crystalline compound used in tanning, photography and dyeing textiles. ... Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Chrome_alum&oldid=86516" ...
Mordants are metal compounds like alum and iron. Iron oxide leaves a gray residue on fiber, but theres nothing you can do to ... alum is non-toxic and is traditionally used as a pickling (sp?) preserve- you can buy it at the supermarket! while youre there ... Oh, and on the alum front. Most literature I found said that in the amounts you need it is non-toxic. But it wouldnt say that ... Is an alum mordant toxic though? Does anyone know about those types of mordants? ...
Mysterious Idaho student killings compounded by police contradictions, experts say. USA TODAY ... On Dec 3, the Baywatch alum shared a steamy snapshot from her latest, holiday-themed campaign with Alexander Wang, a designer ... I dont leave my house: Billings Central alum still in Idaho after murders. ...
... is a chemical compound of aluminium and sulphur found in nature and has been used in a large variety of ways since ancient ... Alum Alum is a chemical compound of aluminium and sulphur found in nature and has been used in a large variety of ways since ... Alum refers to astringent crystalline double sulfate of an alkali. K2SO4AL2 (SO4)3 24H2O. Used in the processing of pickles and ...
Alum Compounds - Preferred Concept UI. M0000823. Scope note. Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and ... use ALUM COMPOUNDS to search ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE & ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE 1975-93. ... 91; was see under ALUMINUM 1975-90; ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE & ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE were see ALUM COMPOUNDS 1975-93. ... 91(75); was see under ALUMINUM 1975-90; ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE & ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE were see ALUM COMPOUNDS 1975-93 ...
Alum Compounds (‎1)‎. Ambulatory Care (‎1)‎. Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (‎1)‎. Amebiasis (‎1)‎. ...
... founder of Compound; and Linda Xie, also a Coinbase alum who co-founded Scalar Capital. ... The ability to insure their USDC deposits on Compound might now be unusually attractive. ...
Other aluminum compounds are applied in paper production. In a second experiment, river water pH was adjusted at different pHs ... Experimental resuhs for alum (5 X 10"^ M Al) in deionized water at two temperatures Figure 4.1. Alum has a demand for hydroxide ... Alum doesnt purify water. The optimum pH range for turbidity removal was found to be 7 for alum and 6-8 for chitin, ... Of alum remained almost constant within the dosage range for good coagulation was almost wide in study! Of alum, it essentially ...
phate compounds, is often inferior. in taste and texture; many of the. highest food authorities have de. clared alum baking ... Royal Contains No Alum. Leaves No Bitter Taste. among which was strength, the ulti. mate end to be attained by individuals. in ...
Alum is aluminum sulfate and Alum USP can be obtained from a compounding pharmacy or grocery stores. (Its usually with the ... Alum Dip. The Alum dip is more for killing microscopic bugs. Use at 1 tablespoon per gallon of water. Soak the plant for at ... Permanganate, Bleach, Alumn.. Plant Dips/Baths to treat snails and algae.. Some different methods for dipping your plants to ... Alum isnt nearly as effective as the prior two for killing algae. ...
A chemical compound, potassium aluminum sulfate that was once used for pickling to add crispness. ... What is Alum?. A chemical compound, potassium aluminum sulfate that was once used for pickling to add crispness. ... Substitute for Alum. If called for in a pickling recipe, just omit ...
Alum Compounds (‎1)‎. Ambulatory Care (‎1)‎. Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (‎1)‎. Amebiasis (‎1)‎. ...
The compounds of greatest importance are aluminum oxide, the sulfate, and the soluble sulfate with potassium (alum). The oxide ... Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is the fourth mostabundant compound found on Earth, with a weight of 69,900 ppm. Another alum- ... It is found as a part of compounds,especially compounded with oxygen as in aluminum oxide (Al2O3). In its purified form, ... mercury and mercury compounds, nitrates, sulfates, halogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons to form compounds that are sensitive ...
In chemical treatment, compounds such as polymers and alum bind small clay particles and other pollutants, making their removal ... Alum1. Aluminum sulfate material widely used in water treatment industry. Often more efficient than gypsum but can acidify ... 1Alum and aluminum and iron chlorides are also frequently used in Minnesota to coagulate soluble phosphorus out of stormwater ... Chemicals such as polymers and alum destabilize the small suspended particles and cause them to flocculate into larger masses ...
Dance Moms Alum Maddie Ziegler Leaps Into Revamped Hollywood Hills Traditional Actors Bumper in Berlin Star Jameela Jamil, ... Dance Moms Alum Maddie Ziegler Leaps Into Revamped Hollywood Hills Traditional Dec 7, 2022 11:10 am PT ... Grammy Winner Merv Warren Lists Architectural Hollywood Hills Compound. By James McClain ... Miramax CEO Reels Into Sunset Strip Compound With Jetliner Views Dec 6, 2022 10:00 am PT ...
HYDE AND SEEK: Passions alum to play man with secret connection to Y&Rs Diane Jenkins ...
2. Try using alum. Alum is a chemical compound that has effective properties. These properties allow the minerals to settle ... Alum will make the water soft and reduce the minerals. Some people also add it to drinking water for the same reason. ...
Aluminium Sulphate Alum, Sodium Bicarbonate Based Powder OR Soda, Citric Acid Anhydrous and Sodium Carbonate Soda Ash Dense ... Citric acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CH???CO???H)???. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It ... Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO It is a ... Offering you a complete choice of products which include Aluminium Sulphate Alum, Sodium Bicarbonate Based Powder OR Soda, ...
Airborne particles, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and/or specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored ... Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. A few new adjuvants have been licensed for use in human ... QS-21, a mixture of saponin compounds, was included in the AS01-adjuvanted Shingrix vaccine. Here, we investigated the adjuvant ... Through the high-content screening (HCS) system, two antiviral compounds, ribavirin and favipiravir, which previously reported ...
... was to dehydrate them using the chemical compound alum. But alum is considered toxic for human consumption and its use doesnt ... Her team overcame the drying challenge by using calcium salts instead of alum and went on to experiment with dried, fresh, and ...
Alum Compounds. *Aluminum Hydroxide. *Amino Acid Sequence. *Analgesics, Opioid. *Analysis of Variance ...
Aluminum potassium sulphate is a vital chemical compound which is popularly known as Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate ( ... alum). It is a natural source of mineral that is used in many industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food and beverage, ... Aluminum potassium sulphate is a vital chemical compound which is popularly known as Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate ( ... alum). It is a natural source of mineral that is used in many industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food and beverage, ...
sulphates, alum, naphtha, organic compounds, sulphuric acid and iron, while main imports included crude oil, soy beans, fuel ...
I did a little more reading and it turns out there are several compounds called "alum". The alum you get in the garden store, ... The magic amount of alum to use is 1/4 weight of fiber. That means 1 oz. of alum for 4 oz. fiber, 4 oz. alum for 1 lb. fiber, ... I like Aluminum Sulfate (commonly referred to as alum by dyers and the like) because it is the least harsh as a chemical and it ... Tip: You can get alum from dye suppliers, but the cheapest way to get it is from your local nursery, if they have it. ( ...
The material, a sulfate-containing compound called alum, wont incorporate into the glass. But in the lab, Shortland and ... which can leach out stabilizing compounds and turn glass to flaky powder. ...
  • Potassium alum, KAl(SO4)2 12H2O, is the most common and is used in water purification, paper manufacturing and as a mordant in dyeing. (labproinc.com)
  • In this experiment we will perform a series of chemical reactions which lead to the synthesis of the ionic compound potassium alum. (labproinc.com)
  • While the ancient Egyptians didn't use aluminum in metal-working, researchers have found that they used potassium alum, a chemical compound containing aluminum, to reduce cloudiness in drinking water. (blogspot.com)
  • Commercially available potassium aluminium sulfate is called potassium alum, potash alum, alum flour, or alum meal. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • How is potassium alum different than aluminum in antiperspirants? (gaiaguy.com)
  • Potassium alum works by forming a physical barrier on the surface of the skin, which can help to reduce sweat and odor, while aluminum compounds in antiperspirants work by temporarily blocking sweat glands. (gaiaguy.com)
  • 2) Ammonium chrome alum: a green crystalline compound used as a mordant in dyeing. (mfa.org)
  • XRD analysis indicated formation of stable ammonium compounds in the sample digested with alum. (doctorpenguin.com)
  • a violet crystalline compound used in tanning, photography and dyeing textiles. (mfa.org)
  • Alum refers to astringent crystalline double sulfate of an alkali . (top500.de)
  • 12H 2 O. Potassium aluminium sulfate, commonly known as potash alum, is a white crystalline double sulfate compound with formula AlK(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O. It is soluble in water. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. (bvsalud.org)
  • alum (aluminum sulfate) or as sodium aluminate from clarification or precipitation softening. (jakesonline.org)
  • Alum is aluminum sulfate and Alum USP can be obtained from a compounding pharmacy or grocery stores. (aquariumplants.com)
  • A chemical compound, potassium aluminum sulfate that was once used for pickling to add crispness. (gourmetsleuth.com)
  • Another alum-typecompound is potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2?12H2O]. (lookchem.com)
  • Aluminum potassium sulphate is a vital chemical compound which is popularly known as Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate (alum). (adroitmarketresearch.com)
  • I like Aluminum Sulfate (commonly referred to as alum by dyers and the like) because it is the least harsh as a chemical and it is reasonably priced in bulk. (osbornfiber.com)
  • Alum is a chemical compound which is the hydrated form of potassium aluminum sulfate. (nigerianlazychef.com)
  • For example, in the paper industry, "alum" can be known as aluminum sulfate (or papermaker's alum) while in the medical industry, alum is referred as aluminium hydroxide. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • Chemicals such as polymers and alum destabilize the small suspended particles and cause them to flocculate into larger masses that settle out in a treatment tank or that can be removed through filtration. (mn.us)
  • WARNING: Motor vehicles contain fuel, oils and fluids, battery posts, terminals and related accessories which contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. (jegs.com)
  • Physicians of ancient Rome used alum, a natural compound of aluminium, as an effective styptic. (richardgoodallgallery.com)
  • Alum is a chemical compound of aluminium and sulphur found in nature and has been used in a large variety of ways since ancient times. (top500.de)
  • Offering you a complete choice of products which include Aluminium Sulphate Alum, Sodium Bicarbonate Based Powder OR Soda, Citric Acid Anhydrous and Sodium Carbonate Soda Ash Dense Light. (indiamart.com)
  • Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. (cdc.gov)
  • While alum and ferric-based coagulants are acidic in nature and produce a drop in pH when added to wastewater, their main purpose is to neutralize electrical charges of fine particles in water and clump them together. (jakesonline.org)
  • Alum is acidic with light tan to grey in color and available in blocks, lumps and powder with a density of 1000 -1100 kg/ m3 and specific gravity of 1.25 to 1.36. (jakesonline.org)
  • Alum is also acidic. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • In chemical treatment, compounds such as polymers and alum bind small clay particles and other pollutants, making their removal easier. (mn.us)
  • Alum is a chemical compound that has effective properties. (kerrato.com)
  • Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO It is a salt composed of a sodium cation and a bicarbonate anion. (indiamart.com)
  • Citric acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CH? (indiamart.com)
  • Then, however, the use of uranium hexafluoride in the separation of uranium isotopes, along with the development of organic fluorine compounds of industrial importance, created fluorine an industrial chemical of considerable use. (toto.help)
  • Fluorine "readily types compounds with most other components," 1 chemical analysis notes. (toto.help)
  • The eastern portion of the lake was treated with alum - a chemical compound that binds with phosphorous and sinks it to the bottom, essentially capping it. (monalakewatershed.org)
  • To process this chemical, we use finest quality compounds, sourced from trusted and reliable vendors. (alphachemikaindia.com)
  • Sodium & potassium compounds, exc. (nz24.biz)
  • E-coating contains minimal VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), very low HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants) and produces minimal solid waste. (maglin.com)
  • The advantage of alum irrigation compared to other treatment methods for haemorrhagic cystitis is that it is generally safe, effective, well-tolerated, and cost-effective. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • One newly designated "high-risk" compound was alum irrigation for HC and its absence left physicians and patients with limited options to effectively manage this condition. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • Persistent hematuria can be treated with bladder irrigation, using carboprost, 1-2% alum, or silver nitrate. (medscape.com)
  • A completely natural product, crystal deodorant is a mineral compound made up of alum and potassium crystals. (lowwaste.shop)
  • The mineral bauxite or clays are used to obtain alum by gentle calcination. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • Compounding sterile dosage forms that included nonsterile ingredients, or that were exposed to nonsterile pathways, were categorized as "high-risk. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • defined "high-risk" compounding as sterilizing drugs compounded from nonsterile ingredients. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • These concerns arise mainly from the use of antiperspirants which all contain an aluminum-based compound as their main ingredient. (allnaturalbeauty.com)
  • 2008), is still the official version of sterile compounding standards, although a 2021 revised version is under review. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • In other words, results showed that alum dosage range for good coagulation was almost wide in this study. (jakesonline.org)
  • [4] , [5] Leachate is persistent and highly polluted due to the formation of its hazardous compounds. (advbiores.net)
  • The optimum pH for alum coagulation is 6 to 7.5 whereas 5.0 to 8.0 are for iron. (jakesonline.org)
  • Effect of system chemistry on alum flocculation under high-energy conditions (G = 60 sec"', constant e) Figure 3.25. (jakesonline.org)
  • It's also treated with alum, a compound of aluminum and potassium that gives it excellent resistance to heat. (vendingproservice.com)
  • When used with rosin which imparts moisture resistance in paper, alum precipitates the rosin size on the pulp fibers before paper formation. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • Patients and physicians were adversely affected by the reduction in high-risk compounding at hospitals, and a change in the treatment of diffuse bleeding in the bladder (eg, hemorrhagic cystitis [HC]) is a prime example of one of these negative effects. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • Because the bladder is a sterile internal body cavity, compounds used for administration (an internal "wash") could be expected to meet the USP standards for sterile products. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • Mesna binds to the urotoxic cyclophosphamide metabolite acrolein, creating stable thioester compounds with no bladder toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Release of these toxic compounds into the natural environment poses a significant environmental problem associated with the disposal of solid waste. (advbiores.net)
  • It is the alums from the conventional counterpart, are helping preserve the role to natural dyes is essential that make the increasing each dye on natural pigment. (guaranteedsubpoenasettlement.com)
  • additional 12 tons of chlorine gas and four tons of Alum have been delivered to main Diwania water project to overcome the huge shortage in chlorine. (who.int)
  • As a consequence of alum treatment, levels of aluminum in treated water are often higher than those in raw water. (jakesonline.org)
  • Simple treatment methods include adding lime to soften the water, or adding alum as a coagulant, followed by settlement. (jakesonline.org)
  • Trygstad watched as HAB Aquatic Solutions, a company out of Lincoln, Nebraska, operated a barge filled with barrels of alum loaded off of three waiting tanker trucks finally gave the lake the treatment it needed. (monalakewatershed.org)
  • Following the Michigan Tech study, alum was determined to be the best treatment and the council went through a lengthy process to receive state approvals to apply it, Trygstad said. (monalakewatershed.org)
  • As a flocculent, alum is also helpful in the purification and treatment of water, as the negatively charged colloids clump together to form "flocs" which can be easily separated from water. (paper-chemicals.biz)
  • Skin damage or irritation may result in a significant reduction of the no-effect level for a specific compound. (cdc.gov)
  • Alum can be bought in liquid form or in dry form. (jakesonline.org)
  • Although aluminum is notfound in its free metallic state, it is the most widely distributed metal (in compound form) onEarth. (lookchem.com)
  • All of the earth's aluminum has combined with other elements to form compounds. (foleyforsenate.com)
  • 2.5, Al and Fe intermetallic compounds tend to form coarse. (aluminumfoilroll.com)
  • Aluminum foil is prone to pinhole when calendering, Fe and Si will interact to form a firm compound. (aluminumfoilroll.com)
  • Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is the fourth mostabundant compound found on Earth, with a weight of 69,900 ppm. (lookchem.com)
  • Alum has a demand for hydroxide and alkalinity and only works within a certain pH range. (jakesonline.org)
  • Check out our range of Compounds products at your local Bunnings Warehouse. (ittfafrica.com)
  • Doctors would take the sap from a plant with white flowers, blend it with alum (a colorless metallic compound), and then apply it to strips of cloth. (hertlsport.sk)
  • Other aluminum compounds are applied in paper production. (jakesonline.org)
  • The production procedure of a high-purity fluorine gas of the present invention is described in detail below by referring to the case applying K3NiF7 as a fluoronickel compound having occluded therein fluorine. (toto.help)
  • Here is every "Breaking Bad" alum we could find that pops up in "El Camino" (listed by order of appearance). (thewrap.com)
  • Overtreatment with alum can cause a dramatic decrease in pH, possibly to levels more dangerous than the original high pH problem. (jakesonline.org)
  • 2008) defined risk levels for compounding that were based on the possible likelihood of patient harm from microbial contamination of a compounded sterile preparation. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on improving vaccine efficacy after prime immunization were evident as shown by significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and enhanced homologous protection compared to those by QS-21 and Alum adjuvants. (cdc.gov)
  • Led by Acorns alums, Hedgehog will use the fresh $1.6 million to build a robo-advisor for cryptocurrency investing. (coindesk.com)
  • The study revealed high potential of alum in reducing the ammonia volatilisation and enhancing the agronomical value of nutrients in the thermal digestion process. (doctorpenguin.com)
  • Some of the more common iron compounds, of especial interest and relevance to drinking water, are the iron oxides. (knowyourh2o.com)
  • Alum will make the water soft and reduce the minerals. (kerrato.com)
  • The SEM-EDX images confirmed enhanced N (2.25%) in the alum treated end product compared to blank (N - 1.8%) and thus reveals alum induced mineralization of nutrients. (doctorpenguin.com)
  • Cost benefit analysis of the alum aided digestion revealed that it enhances the nutrient retention and overall cost of N in the end product by ₹626/tonne. (doctorpenguin.com)
  • The preparation of medications and drug combinations to create a customized product for the specific needs of individual patients is referred to as compounding. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • Preparing compounded sterile preparations can present a far greater risk to patients than preparing compounded nonsterile preparations. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
  • So after trying to settle on the exact story before making the scenes, I was getting so caught up that I decided to take a break from it and start building assets for one location that will definitely be present, which is the compound in which I lived in Togo for the second year I was there. (kevings.com)