Alum Compounds
Aluminum Hydroxide
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Adjuvant-guided type-1 and type-2 immunity: infectious/noninfectious dichotomy defines the class of response. (1/209)
Traditionally, protein Ags have been injected in CFA (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with IFA (oil alone) to induce tolerance. We report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic Ag, in CFA-induced and IFA-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory T cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. This adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type-1 and type-2 immunity was observed with seven protein Ags and in a total of six mouse strains. Highly polarized type-1 and type-2 immunity are thus readily achievable through the choice of adjuvant, irrespective of the genetic bias of the host and of the nature of the protein Ag. This finding should have far-reaching implications for the development of vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, our demonstration that Ag injected with IFA is as strongly immunogenic for T cells as it is with CFA shows that the presence of the mycobacteria determines not the priming of naive T cells through the second-signal link but the path of downstream differentiation toward CD4 memory cells that express either type-1 or type-2 cytokines. (+info)Humoral response suppression observed with CD23 transgenics. (2/209)
CD23, also known as the low affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRII), has been hypothesized to have a role in IgE regulation. A new CD23 transgenic mouse was generated using the MHC class I promoter and IgH enhancer to further test the hypothesis that CD23 plays a role in the down-regulation of IgE. Study of three founder lines by FACS showed overexpression to varying extents on both B and T lymphocytes. No alterations in lymphocyte populations was observed. All three founder lines exhibited strong suppression of IgE in response to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin/alum and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection compared with that in parental or littermate controls. The founder line exhibiting the highest level of suppression also was less susceptible to Ag-induced systemic anaphylactic shock. Overall, the data support the concept that enhancing CD23 levels can be used to suppress IgE-mediated disease. The mechanism involves decreased IgE synthesis, because the serum half-life of IgE was not altered in transgenics, and enzyme-linked immunospot analysis demonstrated lower IgE-producing cells stimulated by injection of anti-IgD. Transgenics also exhibited significantly decreased IgG1 responses and exhibited lower levels of all Ig isotypes, although this was more variable in different founder lines. (+info)Effects of aluminum potassium sulfate on learning, memory, and cholinergic system in mice. (3/209)
AIM: To study the relationship between aluminum potassium sulfate (APS) and memory deficits of mice. METHODS: 30, 60, or 90 d after the mice were given daily APS i.g., the step-through latency (STL) was determined with a passive avoidance task. Aluminum (Al) contents in brain and blood were assayed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acetylcholine (ACh) content in brain was determined with chemiluminescent method and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured radiochemically. RESULTS: APS 1 g.kg-1 increased blood-Al only after 30 d. After 60 d, STL, ACh content and ChAT activity decreased by 46.4%, 8.5%, and 22.6%, respectively. These parameters decreased by 50%, 11.1%, and 27.8%, respectively, with increased Al in blood and brain, after 90 d. APS 0.25 g.kg-1 had no effects on mice except blood-Al. In ethylcholine mustard aziridium chloride (AF64A) treated mice, APS 1 g.kg-1 only increased blood and brain-Al. CONCLUSION: The intake of APS 1 g.kg-1.d-1 for 60 d induced learning and memory deficits in mice. (+info)Disturbance of cerebral function in people exposed to drinking water contaminated with aluminium sulphate: retrospective study of the Camelford water incident. (4/209)
OBJECTIVE: To establish whether people exposed to drinking water contaminated with 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate in the Camelford area of Cornwall in the south west of England in July 1988 had suffered organic brain damage as opposed to psychological trauma only. DESIGN: Retrospective study of affected people. PARTICIPANTS: 55 affected people and 15 siblings nearest in age to one of the group but who had not been exposed to the contaminated water were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Various clinical and psychological tests to determine medical condition and anxiety levels in affected people. Assessment of premorbid IQ (pFSIQ) with the national adult reading test, a computerised battery of psychomotor testing, and measurement of the difference in latencies between the flash and pattern visual evoked potentials in all participants. RESULTS: The mean (SE) pFSIQ was above average at 114.4 (1.1). The most sensitive of the psychomotor tests for organic brain disease was the symbol digit coding (SDC) test (normal score 100, abnormal <85). PARTICIPANTS performed less well on this test (54.5 (6.0)) than expected from their pFSIQ (P<0.0001) and a little less poorly on the averaged less discriminating tests within the battery (86.1 (2.5), P<0.0001). In a comparison with the 15 sibling pairs (affected people's age 41.0 (3.3) years v sibling age of 42.7 (3.1) years (P=0.36) the exposed people had similar pFSIQ (114.7 (2.1)) to their siblings (116.3 (2.1), (P=0.59) but performed badly on the symbol digit coding test (51.8 (16.6)) v (87.5 (4.9) for siblings, P=0.03). The flash-pattern differences in exposed people were greater than in 42 unrelated control subjects of similar age (27.33 (1.64) ms v 18. 57 (1.47) ms, P=0.0002). The 15 unexposed siblings had significantly better flash-pattern differences than their affected siblings (13.4 (2.4) ms v 29.6 (2.9) ms, P=0.0002). No effect of anxiety could be shown on these measurements from the analysis of the anxiety scores of exposed people. CONCLUSION: People who were exposed to the contaminated water at Camelford suffered considerable damage to cerebral function, which was not related to anxiety. Follow up studies would be required to determine the longer term prognosis for affected individuals. (+info)Protective immunity using recombinant human IL-12 and alum as adjuvants in a primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (5/209)
Protection from cutaneous leishmaniasis, a chronic ulcerating skin lesion affecting millions, has been achieved historically using live virulent preparations of the parasite. Killed or recombinant Ags that could be safer as vaccines generally require an adjuvant for induction of a strong Th1 response in murine models. Murine rIL-12 as an adjuvant with soluble Leishmania Ag has been shown to protect susceptible mice. We used 48 rhesus macaques to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a vaccine combining heat-killed Leishmania amazonensis with human rIL-12 (rhIL-12) and alum (aluminum hydroxide gel) as adjuvants. The single s.c. vaccination was found to be safe and immunogenic, although a small transient s.c. nodule developed at the site. Groups receiving rhIL-12 had an augmented in vitro Ag-specific IFN-gamma response after vaccination, as well as increased production of IgG. No increase in IL-4 or IL-10 was found in cell culture supernatants from either control or experimental groups. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were not predictive of protection. Intradermal forehead challenge infection with 107 metacyclic L. amazonensis promastigotes at 4 wk demonstrated protective immunity in all 12 monkeys receiving 2 microgram rhIL-12 with alum and Ag. Partial efficacy was seen with lower doses of rhIL-12 and in groups lacking either adjuvant. Thus, a single dose vaccine with killed Ag using rhIL-12 and alum as adjuvants was safe and fully effective in this primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study extends the murine data to primates, and provides a basis for further human trials. (+info)Archaeosome vaccine adjuvants induce strong humoral, cell-mediated, and memory responses: comparison to conventional liposomes and alum. (6/209)
Ether glycerolipids extracted from various archaeobacteria were formulated into liposomes (archaeosomes) possessing strong adjuvant properties. Mice of varying genetic backgrounds, immunized by different parenteral routes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapped in archaeosomes ( approximately 200-nm vesicles), demonstrated markedly enhanced serum anti-BSA antibody titers. These titers were often comparable to those achieved with Freund's adjuvant and considerably more than those with alum or conventional liposomes (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol-cholesterol, 1. 8:0.2:1.5 molar ratio). Furthermore, antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b isotype antibodies were all induced. Association of BSA with the lipid vesicles was required for induction of a strong response, and >80% of the protein was internalized within most archaeosome types, suggesting efficient release of antigen in vivo. Encapsulation of ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme within archaeosomes showed similar immune responses. Antigen-archaeosome immunizations also induced a strong cell-mediated immune response: antigen-dependent proliferation and substantial production of cytokines gamma interferon (Th1) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (Th2) by spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, conventional liposomes induced little cell-mediated immunity, whereas alum stimulated only an IL-4 response. In contrast to alum and Freund's adjuvant, archaeosomes composed of Thermoplasma acidophilum lipids evoked a dramatic memory antibody response to the encapsulated protein (at approximately 300 days) after only two initial immunizations (days 0 and 14). This correlated with increased antigen-specific cell cycling of CD4(+) T cells: increase in synthetic (S) and mitotic (G(2)/M) and decrease in resting (G(1)) phases. Thus, archaeosomes may be potent vaccine carriers capable of facilitating strong primary and memory humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses to the entrapped antigen. (+info)Impaired affinity maturation in Cr2-/- mice is rescued by adjuvants without improvement in germinal center development. (7/209)
Cr2-/- mice have an impairment in humoral immunity, as shown by the decrease in the Ab titers against T cell-dependent Ags and abnormalities in germinal center formation. Germinal centers are present, but they are decreased in size and number, indicating problems in their development. In this study, we investigated whether this abnormality in germinal center development is associated with problems in the establishment of optimal affinity maturation and the generation of memory B cells, processes closely related to the germinal center reaction. We immunized the Cr2-/- animals with different Ags with or without adjuvants. We showed that, when immunized without adjuvants, complement receptors are absolutely required for optimal affinity maturation. Although limited affinity maturation is elicited in the Cr2-/- Ab response, it is decreased as compared with normal animals. Memory B cell generation is also impaired. In the presence of adjuvants, germinal center development in the Cr2-/- mice is still abnormal, as demonstrated by their decreased size and number. Surprisingly, adjuvants establish optimal affinity maturation and partially restore the amount of Ab produced during the primary response and memory B cell generation. However, adjuvants cannot improve the ability of follicular dendritic cells to retain Ags in the form of immune complexes. These observations indicate that immunization with inflammatory Ags offset some of the immunological abnormalities found in the Cr2-/- mice and show that optimal affinity maturation in the Cr2-/- mice can be achieved in the absence of normal germinal centers. (+info)Calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvant. (8/209)
Vaccination to protect against human infectious diseases may be enhanced by using adjuvants that can selectively stimulate immunoregulatory responses. In a murine model, a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant composed of calcium phosphate (CAP) was compared with the commonly used aluminum (alum) adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Results indicated that CAP was more potent as an adjuvant than alum, elicited little or no inflammation at the site of administration, induced high titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody and neutralizing antibody, and facilitated a high percentage of protection against HSV-2 infection. Additional benefits of CAP include (i) an insignificant IgE response, which is an important advantage over injection of alum compounds, and (ii) the fact that CAP is a natural constituent of the human body. Thus, CAP is very well tolerated and absorbed. These studies were performed with animal models. By virtue of the potency of this CAP adjuvant and the relative absence of side effects, we believe that this new CAP formulation has great potential for use as an adjuvant in humans. (+info)
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Alum (disambiguation)
Look up alum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alum is a species and class of chemical compound. Potassium alum, the ... surname Alum Bay Alum Creek (disambiguation) Alum Rock (disambiguation) Alum Springs (disambiguation) This disambiguation page ... Alum may also refer to: Alum, Texas, a community in the US Alumnus, a graduate of a particular institution Alum Pot, a pothole ... lists articles associated with the title Alum. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point ...
Alum Cliffs
The Alum Cliffs are made of Permian mudstone, containing pyrite. Once oxidised, the pyrite produces the chemical compound alum ... What Is Alum?". Retrieved 20 August 2022. "Alum Cliffs Track (6.0km)". trailhiking.com.au. Retrieved 20 August 2022. "Alum ... The Alum Cliffs track is accessible via Tyndall Beach at Kingston Beach and the Channel Highway. "Alum Cliffs, Taroona". ... The Alum Cliffs are a section of cliffed coast facing the Derwent Estuary and Storm Bay along the suburbs of Taroona, Bonnet ...
Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element
... alum' - compound substances with chemical structures containing aluminium; production technologies alum and areas of their ... Basic data on the structure of aluminium atoms; different compounds containing aluminium; chemical and physical properties; ...
E. R. Squibb
5, where a brief allusion appears under the appellation of Compound Alum Powder. Dr. F. R. Squibb, however, in a letter to the ...
Sequencing batch reactor
To remove phosphorus compounds from the liquor, aluminium sulfate (alum) is often added during this period. It reacts to form ... non-soluble compounds, which settle into the sludge in the next stage. The settling stage is usually the same length in time as ...
Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes
However, in the 19th century more effective chemical compounds were developed, and alum ceased to be a profitable mining ... Historically, alum was employed in a range of medicinal products, as a food preservative, to clarify water and to finish cloth ... In the first chamber, information is presented about the history of the mine - in the 16th to 19th centuries an alum shale mine ...
History of aluminium
However, the compound alum has been known since the 5th century BCE and was used extensively by the ancients for dyeing. During ... Small alum mines were worked in Catholic Europe but most alum came from the Middle East. Alum continued to be traded through ... He also synthesized alum as a reaction product between sulfates of potassium and earth of alum, demonstrating that alum was a ... discovering a rich source of alum at Tolfa near Rome The history of aluminium was shaped by the usage of its compound alum. The ...
Potassium alum
The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum. ... Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum and alum manufactured by himself, confirming Vauquelin's results. Potassium alum ... Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and ... Potassium alum may be a weak irritant to the skin. Ammonium aluminium sulfate Alum "Alum-(K) Mineral Data". Mineralogy Database ...
Immunologic adjuvant
Inorganic compounds: potassium alum, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide Oils: paraffin oil, ... A second mechanism depends on alum killing immune cells at the injection site although researchers aren't sure exactly how alum ... Alum can trigger dendritic cells and other immune cells to secrete Interleukin 1 beta (IL‑1β), an immune signal that promotes ... Alum was the first aluminium salt used for this purpose, but has been almost completely replaced by aluminium hydroxide and ...
Alum
An alum (/ˈæləm/) is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula ... The most important alums are Potassium alum, KAl(SO 4) 2·12 H 2O, also called "potash alum" or simply "alum" Sodium alum, NaAl( ... Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum, and an alum manufactured by himself, confirming Vauquelin's result. Some alums occur as ... Other alums are named after the monovalent ion, such as sodium alum and ammonium alum. The name "alum" is also used, more ...
Sodium alum
Aluminium compounds, Sodium compounds, Sulfates, Double salts, E-number additives, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs) ... Alum-(Na), WebMineral.com, retrieved 2009-11-28.Alum-(Na), Mindat.org, retrieved 2009-11-28. Mendozite, WebMineral.com, ... Sodium alum is also used as an acidity regulator in food, with E number E521. Sodium alum is also a common mordant for the ... Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food ...
Multiple isomorphous replacement
The alum compounds studied had the general formula A.B.(SO4)2.12H2O, where A was a monovalent metallic ion (NH4+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ ... Because the alum crystals were largely isomorphous when the heavy atoms were changed out, they could be phased by isomorphous ... replacement in crystallography came in 1927 with a paper reporting the x-ray crystal structures of a series of alum compounds ... The crystal structure of some of the alums". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4 ...
Baking powder
... a class of compounds involving double sulfates of aluminium.: 68 The use of various types of alum in medicines and dyes is ... Calcium compounds and aluminium compounds do not have that problem, though, since calcium compounds that deprotonate twice are ... Cooks also needed less alum-based baking powder to produce a comparable effect. As a result, alum-based baking powders were ... However, the actual composition of alum was not determined until 1798, when Louis Vauquelin demonstrated that common alum is a ...
Eudyptula novaehollandiae
Let it remain in the sun till most of the fat is dried out of it, then rub with a compound of powdered alum, salt, and pepper ...
Alum Rock
... may refer to: Alum rock, a specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds Alum Rock, California, US, ... California Alum Rock, Pennsylvania Alum Rock, Birmingham, an area in the UK, two miles east of Birmingham's city centre Alum ... formerly a town, now a neighborhood of San Jose, California Alum Rock Park, in San Jose, ...
List of MeSH codes (D01)
... alum compounds MeSH D01.875.800.800.850.050 - ammonium sulfate MeSH D01.875.800.800.850.075 - barium sulfate MeSH D01.875. ...
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
... or iron alum, is a double salt in the class of alums, which consists of compounds with the general formula AB(SO4)2 · 12 H2O. ... "On the Cause of the Amethyst Color of Ferric Alum and of Mixed Crystals of Ferric and Manganic Alum". Chem. Lab. Roy. Vet. Agr ... Ammonium compounds, Iron(III) compounds, Sulfates, Double salts). ... Bonnell, Jane; Philip Perman, Edgar (1921). "CCXXIX.-The colour of iron alum". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 119: 1994-1997. doi: ...
List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (A)
Alum (chemical compound) Alum-(K) (IMA2007 s.p., 1951, 77 CE) 7.CC.20 [282] [283] [284] (IUPAC: potassium aluminium disulfate ... dodecahydrate) Alum-(Na) (IMA2007 s.p., 1951, 77 CE) 7.CC.20 [285] [286] [287] (IUPAC: sodium aluminium disulfate dodecahydrate ...
Alam (disambiguation)
Alum, chemical compound This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Alam. If an internal link led you ...
Keene's cement plaster
It is a calcined formulation of regular calcium sulfate plaster with an alum admixture. The compound gives a hard finish that ...
Chromium
Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in ... such as in chrome alum and alum. Chromium(III) tends to form octahedral complexes. Commercially available chromium(III) ... Organic compounds containing Cr(IV) state such as chromium tetra t-butoxide are also known. Most chromium(I) compounds are ... This red brown compound is stable at room temperature but decomposes spontaneously at 150-170 °C. Compounds of chromium(IV) are ...
Alum Bay
The sands are coloured due to oxidised iron compounds formed under different conditions. Alum Bay Chine begins as a small ... Alum Bay: Geology of the Isle of Wight. Internet site: www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Alum-Bay.htm. School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, ... It is possible that Alum Bay was once fed by a Chine by this name, which has long since eroded away. Alum Bay sand includes ... The Alum in Alum Bay Archived 15 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Isle of Wight Industrial Archaeology Society report Marconi ...
Chromium compounds
... such as in chrome alum and alum. Chromium(III) tends to form octahedral complexes. Commercially available chromium(III) ... Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in ... Organic compounds containing Cr(IV) state such as chromium tetra t-butoxide are also known. Most chromium(I) compounds are ... This red brown compound is stable at room temperature but decomposes spontaneously at 150-170 °C. Compounds of chromium(IV) are ...
Isomorphism (crystallography)
Alums, such as KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, are another series of isomorphous compounds, though there are three series of alums with ... These compounds, both of D3 symmetry have very similar shapes, as determined by bond lengths and bond angles. Isomorphous ... In crystallography, compounds are isomorphous if their symmetry is the same and their unit cell parameters are similar ... form a series of isomorphous compounds which were important in the nineteenth century in establishing the correct atomic ...
Ammonium alum
Aluminium compounds, Ammonium compounds, Sulfates, Double salts, Astringent flavors, E-number additives). ... also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white ... Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful laboratory reagent, but it is cheap and effective, ... Ammonium alum is made from aluminium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. It forms a solid solution with potassium ...
List of inorganic compounds
PoO3 Potash Alum - K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O Potassium alum - AlK(SO4)2 Potassium aluminium fluoride - KAlF4 Potassium amide - KNH2 ... of compounds List of copper salts List of inorganic compounds named after people List of minerals List of organic compounds ... and related compounds, not hydroxides, carbonates, acids, or other compounds listed elsewhere) Palladium(II) chloride - PdCl2 ... Lists of chemical compounds, Chemistry-related lists, Inorganic compounds). ...
Potassium dichromate
The main use is as a precursor to potassium chrome alum, used in leather tanning. Like other chromium(VI) compounds (chromium ... As with other Cr(VI) compounds, potassium dichromate is carcinogenic. The compound is also corrosive and exposure may produce ... There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... Chromium VI and compounds fact sheet NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards IARC Monograph "Chromium and Chromium compounds" ...
Bristol Myers Squibb
5, where a brief allusion appears under the appellation of Compound Alum Powder. Dr. F. R. Squibb, however, in a letter to the ...
Index of chemistry articles
... alicyclic compound aliphatic compound Alkali Alkali metal Alkaline earth alkane alkene Allingite allotrope Allotropy alloy Alum ... Chemical compounds are listed separately at list of organic compounds, list of inorganic compounds or list of biomolecules. ... of elements named after places List of inorganic compounds List of inorganic compounds by element List of organic compounds ... Brown Hermann Emil Fischer Hermann Staudinger heterocyclic compound Hexane Hiddenite Hideki Shirakawa High performance liquid ...
George Marshall (gunner)
The chemistry portion also included how to deal with metallic compounds such as Gold, Silver, Tin, and Iron. Furthermore, the ... The book also featured the chemical ingredients that produced smoke bombs, phosphorus of lime, alum Phosphorus and a technique ... It described how to mix the chemical compounds. ... section listed the chemical compounds to prove spirits, glue ...
Eliza Acton
... into a strange sort of compound, for which it is difficult to find a name". Modern Cookery remained in print until 1918, when ... which included the addition of alum and what she called "other deleterious substances". The food writer Elizabeth Ray observes ...
Pattern recognition receptor
NLRP3 can be activated and give rise to NLRP3 inflammasome by ATP, bacterial pore-forming toxins, alum and crystals. Alongside ... among many other compounds. There are several subgroups of PRRs. They are classified according to their ligand specificity, ...
Potassium aluminate
Potassium compounds, Aluminates, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ... Potassium aluminate can be used to produce potassium alum with sulfuric acid in this reaction. KAlO2 + 2 H2SO4 ⇌ KAl(SO4)2 + 2 ... Potassium aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula KAlO2, which in aqueous solution exists as K[Al(OH)4]. ...
Fracking by country
"Alum shale may contain natural gas - Total E&P Denmark B.V." Skifergas.dk. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. " ... "Ban on use of BTEX compounds in CSG activities". NSW Trade & Investment. 6 September 2014. "Victoria moves to ban coal seam gas ...
Glossary of dyeing terms
alum Alum (aluminum sulfate) is a naturally occurring basic mordant widely used in the ancient world. añil Añil (Indigofera ... dye Dyes are color-bearing organic compounds that can be dissolved in water or another liquid so that they will penetrate ... alum, and a solution of tin." Turkey red was developed in India and spread to Turkey. Greek workers familiar with the methods ... N O P Q R S T U W Y References Kendal green Kendal green is a coarse gray-green woolen cloth created by mordanting wool in alum ...
Archewell
Spangler, Todd (March 31, 2022). "Harry and Meghan's Archewell Taps Sony Pictures Alum Fara Taylor as Head of Marketing ( ... compounded with the English word 'well'. The National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) is a classification system for non- ...
Brazilin
To the lye extract, alum is added (or to the alum extract, lye) in order to fix the color, which will precipitate from the ... Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, ECHA InfoCard ID from ... Alum is added to help develop and fix the color, which can then be used as a transparent ink or paint. As with hematein, ... Then, the powder can be soaked in lye (which produces a deep, purplish red) or a hot solution of alum (which produces an orange ...
Chu (Taoism)
Ware 1966: 177). Sixth, the method of Wu Chengzi (務成子) compounds alchemical gold from realgar, yellow sand, and mercury, and ... purified potassium alum, laminar malachite, and magnetite (Needham et al. 1976: 86). Each mineral is put through five ... The Modern Standard Chinese lexicon uses chu in many compound words, for instance, chúfáng (廚房 with 房 "room", "kitchen"), ...
Oil shale industry
... and during 1950-1989 alum shale was used in Sweden for the same purpose. Oil shale gas can also be used as a substitute for ... a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds), from which liquid hydrocarbons can be manufactured. The industry has developed ...
Psilocybe alutacea
It comes from high soft leather, tanned with alum. The cap is 10-13 mm in diameter, conical to convex in shape, somewhat sticky ... As a blueing member of the genus Psilocybe it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin. Psilocybe alutacea ...
Gold parting
... with water and alum (KAl(SO4)2) or vitriol (FeSO4). 2KNO3 + H2O + FeSO4 → FeO + K2SO4 + 2HNO3 Nitric acid, after distillation ... and Gold Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_499. ISBN 3527306730. Yannopoulos ...
Mineral spring
Alum springs contained alum. Sulfur springs contained hydrogen sulfide gas (see also fumeroles). Salt (saline) springs ... Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage ... Chaybeate springs may deposit iron compounds such as limonite. Some such deposits were large enough to be mined as iron ore. ...
Aluminium sulfate
... is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name "alum" is more ... 21 CFR 182.1125, 2020-04-01, retrieved 2021-02-22 "Compound Summary for CID 24850 - Aluminum Sulfate Anhydrous". PubChem. Ilje ... The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, aluminium silicate and various ... 2 PbSO 4 The compound decomposes to γ-alumina and sulfur trioxide when heated between 580 and 900 °C. It combines with water ...
List of Glee characters
She compounds the mistake in "I Kissed a Girl" when she sleeps with him, and Shelby resigns from McKinley in the eighth episode ... Goldberg, Lesley (July 10, 2013). "'Glee' Books 'Idol' Alum Adam Lambert for Season 5". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July ...
Ammonium dichromate
... is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Cr2O7. In this compound, as in all chromates and ... It is also used as a mordant for dyeing pigments, in manufacturing of alizarin, chrome alum, leather tanning and oil ... The compound is also used in the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in ZrCl4/wet SiO2 ... At room temperature and pressure, the compound exists as orange, acidic crystals soluble in water and alcohol. It is formed by ...
Mohammad Salman Hamdani
"QC Alum and Deceased 9/11 Hero Salman Hamdani Memorialized With New Scholarship That Honors His Medical School Dream" (Press ... "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Trivalent Amino Acid Derived Chiral Phosphorus Compounds". J. Org. Chem., 69 (6), ...
Invisible ink
Not a compound of several chemicals, as this would violate No. 7. From practical experience "6" and "9" were usually ... Giovanni Battista della Porta is credited with the first recipe for a sympathetic ink, derived from alum and vinegar, as well ... a chemical compound extracted from pills for constipation, were used as invisible ink. It is colorless but turns pink when ...
ATC code S01
S01AE07 Moxifloxacin S01AE08 Besifloxacin S01AX01 Mercury compounds S01AX02 Silver compounds S01AX03 Zinc compounds S01AX04 ... hypertonic S01XA04 Potassium iodide S01XA05 Sodium edetate S01XA06 Ethylmorphine S01XA07 Alum S01XA08 Acetylcysteine S01XA09 ...
Ra's al Ghul
Inside the compound, they find that Ra's is wiping the hard drives clean, preventing data recovery. As his parting gift, he has ... Bryant, Jacob (March 2, 2017). "'Gotham' Casts 'Star Trek' Alum Alexander Siddig as Ra's al Ghul". Variety. Los Angeles, ...
Karen Rubin
Already alums of HubSpot hold prominent roles as founders or executives at InsightSquared, Quantopian, Wechsler, Pat (2015-03- ... "Companies with more than one woman on the board have returned a compound 3.7% a year over those that have none..." and yet ...
Alaunbach
... and the waste water from the two alum smelters[3]. The Alaunbach now served as an open sewage ditch for the harmful sulphate, i ... which is reddish-brown due to iron compounds and which escaped from the alumina and lignite deposits that were also mined there ...
Aluminum | Toxic Substances | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
... as alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. They are also found in consumer products such as ... Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, ... Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, as ... alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. They are also found in consumer products such as ...
Periodic Table: Podcast
Suzanne Somers' house - tour her Palm Springs compound | Homes & Gardens
The Dancing with the Stars alum shares the joys of visiting the compound as a guest. Because of the beautiful desert weather ... Suzanne, who had initially purchased the compound as an escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles, believes that when ... Whomever is fortunate enough to acquire this compound will eventually feel that it was one of their lifestyles best decisions ... Tour Suzanne Somers decadent Palm Springs compound, complete with magical views of the desert The entertainers California ...
Aluminium Triptych 4
Chrome alum - CAMEO
2) Ammonium chrome alum: a green crystalline compound used as a mordant in dyeing. ... potassium chrome alum; ammonium chrome alum Resources and Citations. *Richard S. Lewis, Hawleys Condensed Chemical Dictionary ... 1) Potassium chrome alum: a violet crystalline compound used in tanning, photography and dyeing textiles. ... Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Chrome_alum&oldid=86516" ...
Make Natural Non Toxic Dye in Hot Pink
Mordants are metal compounds like alum and iron. Iron oxide leaves a gray residue on fiber, but theres nothing you can do to ... alum is non-toxic and is traditionally used as a pickling (sp?) preserve- you can buy it at the supermarket! while youre there ... Oh, and on the alum front. Most literature I found said that in the amounts you need it is non-toxic. But it wouldnt say that ... Is an alum mordant toxic though? Does anyone know about those types of mordants? ...
'I don't leave my house:' Billings Central alum still in Idaho after...
Mysterious Idaho student killings compounded by police contradictions, experts say. USA TODAY ... On Dec 3, the Baywatch alum shared a steamy snapshot from her latest, holiday-themed campaign with Alexander Wang, a designer ... I dont leave my house: Billings Central alum still in Idaho after murders. ...
Alum
... is a chemical compound of aluminium and sulphur found in nature and has been used in a large variety of ways since ancient ... Alum Alum is a chemical compound of aluminium and sulphur found in nature and has been used in a large variety of ways since ... Alum refers to astringent crystalline double sulfate of an alkali. K2SO4AL2 (SO4)3 24H2O. Used in the processing of pickles and ...
DeCS
Alum Compounds - Preferred Concept UI. M0000823. Scope note. Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and ... use ALUM COMPOUNDS to search ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE & ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE 1975-93. ... 91; was see under ALUMINUM 1975-90; ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE & ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE were see ALUM COMPOUNDS 1975-93. ... 91(75); was see under ALUMINUM 1975-90; ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE & ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE were see ALUM COMPOUNDS 1975-93 ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Search
xmlui.Discovery.AbstractSearch.type mesh
DeFi Hedging Startup Opyn Raises $2.16M Seed Round Led by Dragonfly Capital - CoinDesk
effect of alum on ph of water
Other aluminum compounds are applied in paper production. In a second experiment, river water pH was adjusted at different pHs ... Experimental resuhs for alum (5 X 10"^ M Al) in deionized water at two temperatures Figure 4.1. Alum has a demand for hydroxide ... Alum doesnt purify water. The optimum pH range for turbidity removal was found to be 7 for alum and 6-8 for chitin, ... Of alum remained almost constant within the dosage range for good coagulation was almost wide in study! Of alum, it essentially ...
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, May 29, 1919, Image 7 « Chronicling America « Library of Congress
Dipping you Plants for Snails/Algae: Dips using Pot. Permanganate, Bleach, Alumn.
Alum is aluminum sulfate and Alum USP can be obtained from a compounding pharmacy or grocery stores. (Its usually with the ... Alum Dip. The Alum dip is more for killing microscopic bugs. Use at 1 tablespoon per gallon of water. Soak the plant for at ... Permanganate, Bleach, Alumn.. Plant Dips/Baths to treat snails and algae.. Some different methods for dipping your plants to ... Alum isnt nearly as effective as the prior two for killing algae. ...
Alum : Substitutes, Ingredients, Equivalents - GourmetSleuth
xmlui.Discovery.AbstractSearch.type mesh
Cas 7429-90-5,Aluminium | lookchem
The compounds of greatest importance are aluminum oxide, the sulfate, and the soluble sulfate with potassium (alum). The oxide ... Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is the fourth mostabundant compound found on Earth, with a weight of 69,900 ppm. Another alum- ... It is found as a part of compounds,especially compounded with oxygen as in aluminum oxide (Al2O3). In its purified form, ... mercury and mercury compounds, nitrates, sulfates, halogens, and halogenated hydrocarbons to form compounds that are sensitive ...
Difference between revisions of "Construction stormwater treatment - dewatering, including chemical treatment and sediment...
In chemical treatment, compounds such as polymers and alum bind small clay particles and other pollutants, making their removal ... Alum1. Aluminum sulfate material widely used in water treatment industry. Often more efficient than gypsum but can acidify ... 1Alum and aluminum and iron chlorides are also frequently used in Minnesota to coagulate soluble phosphorus out of stormwater ... Chemicals such as polymers and alum destabilize the small suspended particles and cause them to flocculate into larger masses ...
Grammy Winner Merv Warren Lists Hollywood Hills Compound - DIRT
Dance Moms Alum Maddie Ziegler Leaps Into Revamped Hollywood Hills Traditional Actors Bumper in Berlin Star Jameela Jamil, ... Dance Moms Alum Maddie Ziegler Leaps Into Revamped Hollywood Hills Traditional Dec 7, 2022 11:10 am PT ... Grammy Winner Merv Warren Lists Architectural Hollywood Hills Compound. By James McClain ... Miramax CEO Reels Into Sunset Strip Compound With Jetliner Views Dec 6, 2022 10:00 am PT ...
My big fat Greek compound (GH Two Scoops Commentary for October 11, 2021) | Soap Central
Saving your hair from hard water. - kerrato
Industrial Chemicals - Aluminium Sulphate Alum Manufacturer from Jodhpur
Aluminium Sulphate Alum, Sodium Bicarbonate Based Powder OR Soda, Citric Acid Anhydrous and Sodium Carbonate Soda Ash Dense ... Citric acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CH???CO???H)???. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It ... Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO It is a ... Offering you a complete choice of products which include Aluminium Sulphate Alum, Sodium Bicarbonate Based Powder OR Soda, ...
Science Clips - Volume 14, Issue 41, October 11, 2022
Airborne particles, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and/or specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored ... Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. A few new adjuvants have been licensed for use in human ... QS-21, a mixture of saponin compounds, was included in the AS01-adjuvanted Shingrix vaccine. Here, we investigated the adjuvant ... Through the high-content screening (HCS) system, two antiviral compounds, ribavirin and favipiravir, which previously reported ...
The Quest to Make Jellyfish Delicious - Gastro Obscura
David Dowling, Ph.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Market Size, Industry Trends & Forecast Report, 2028
Aluminum potassium sulphate is a vital chemical compound which is popularly known as Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate ( ... alum). It is a natural source of mineral that is used in many industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food and beverage, ... Aluminum potassium sulphate is a vital chemical compound which is popularly known as Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate ( ... alum). It is a natural source of mineral that is used in many industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food and beverage, ...
Bilbao Port Community offers its wide range of logistics services to South American shippers - Port of Bilbao
Dyeing with Black Beans (& Mordanting with Alum) - Osborn Fiber Studio
I did a little more reading and it turns out there are several compounds called "alum". The alum you get in the garden store, ... The magic amount of alum to use is 1/4 weight of fiber. That means 1 oz. of alum for 4 oz. fiber, 4 oz. alum for 1 lb. fiber, ... I like Aluminum Sulfate (commonly referred to as alum by dyers and the like) because it is the least harsh as a chemical and it ... Tip: You can get alum from dye suppliers, but the cheapest way to get it is from your local nursery, if they have it. ( ...
Potassium AlumAmmoniumCrystallineSulfateChemicalsAluminiumSaltsAcidicChemicalSodiumOrganicIrrigationMineralIngredientsAntiperspirants2021DosageHazardousCoagulationFlocculationResistanceBladderNaturalMainTreatmentReductionFormFoundWidelyWorksWashProductsWhiteEffectiveFoodProductionFindLevelsFreshStudyIronReduceProductPresent
Potassium Alum6
- Potassium alum, KAl(SO4)2 12H2O, is the most common and is used in water purification, paper manufacturing and as a mordant in dyeing. (labproinc.com)
- In this experiment we will perform a series of chemical reactions which lead to the synthesis of the ionic compound potassium alum. (labproinc.com)
- While the ancient Egyptians didn't use aluminum in metal-working, researchers have found that they used potassium alum, a chemical compound containing aluminum, to reduce cloudiness in drinking water. (blogspot.com)
- Commercially available potassium aluminium sulfate is called potassium alum, potash alum, alum flour, or alum meal. (paper-chemicals.biz)
- How is potassium alum different than aluminum in antiperspirants? (gaiaguy.com)
- Potassium alum works by forming a physical barrier on the surface of the skin, which can help to reduce sweat and odor, while aluminum compounds in antiperspirants work by temporarily blocking sweat glands. (gaiaguy.com)
Ammonium2
- 2) Ammonium chrome alum: a green crystalline compound used as a mordant in dyeing. (mfa.org)
- XRD analysis indicated formation of stable ammonium compounds in the sample digested with alum. (doctorpenguin.com)
Crystalline3
- a violet crystalline compound used in tanning, photography and dyeing textiles. (mfa.org)
- Alum refers to astringent crystalline double sulfate of an alkali . (top500.de)
- 12H 2 O. Potassium aluminium sulfate, commonly known as potash alum, is a white crystalline double sulfate compound with formula AlK(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O. It is soluble in water. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Sulfate9
- Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. (bvsalud.org)
- alum (aluminum sulfate) or as sodium aluminate from clarification or precipitation softening. (jakesonline.org)
- Alum is aluminum sulfate and Alum USP can be obtained from a compounding pharmacy or grocery stores. (aquariumplants.com)
- A chemical compound, potassium aluminum sulfate that was once used for pickling to add crispness. (gourmetsleuth.com)
- Another alum-typecompound is potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2?12H2O]. (lookchem.com)
- Aluminum potassium sulphate is a vital chemical compound which is popularly known as Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate (alum). (adroitmarketresearch.com)
- I like Aluminum Sulfate (commonly referred to as alum by dyers and the like) because it is the least harsh as a chemical and it is reasonably priced in bulk. (osbornfiber.com)
- Alum is a chemical compound which is the hydrated form of potassium aluminum sulfate. (nigerianlazychef.com)
- For example, in the paper industry, "alum" can be known as aluminum sulfate (or papermaker's alum) while in the medical industry, alum is referred as aluminium hydroxide. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Chemicals2
- Chemicals such as polymers and alum destabilize the small suspended particles and cause them to flocculate into larger masses that settle out in a treatment tank or that can be removed through filtration. (mn.us)
- WARNING: Motor vehicles contain fuel, oils and fluids, battery posts, terminals and related accessories which contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. (jegs.com)
Aluminium3
- Physicians of ancient Rome used alum, a natural compound of aluminium, as an effective styptic. (richardgoodallgallery.com)
- Alum is a chemical compound of aluminium and sulphur found in nature and has been used in a large variety of ways since ancient times. (top500.de)
- Offering you a complete choice of products which include Aluminium Sulphate Alum, Sodium Bicarbonate Based Powder OR Soda, Citric Acid Anhydrous and Sodium Carbonate Soda Ash Dense Light. (indiamart.com)
Salts1
- Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. (cdc.gov)
Acidic3
- While alum and ferric-based coagulants are acidic in nature and produce a drop in pH when added to wastewater, their main purpose is to neutralize electrical charges of fine particles in water and clump them together. (jakesonline.org)
- Alum is acidic with light tan to grey in color and available in blocks, lumps and powder with a density of 1000 -1100 kg/ m3 and specific gravity of 1.25 to 1.36. (jakesonline.org)
- Alum is also acidic. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Chemical8
- In chemical treatment, compounds such as polymers and alum bind small clay particles and other pollutants, making their removal easier. (mn.us)
- Alum is a chemical compound that has effective properties. (kerrato.com)
- Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO It is a salt composed of a sodium cation and a bicarbonate anion. (indiamart.com)
- Citric acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOC(CH? (indiamart.com)
- Then, however, the use of uranium hexafluoride in the separation of uranium isotopes, along with the development of organic fluorine compounds of industrial importance, created fluorine an industrial chemical of considerable use. (toto.help)
- Fluorine "readily types compounds with most other components," 1 chemical analysis notes. (toto.help)
- The eastern portion of the lake was treated with alum - a chemical compound that binds with phosphorous and sinks it to the bottom, essentially capping it. (monalakewatershed.org)
- To process this chemical, we use finest quality compounds, sourced from trusted and reliable vendors. (alphachemikaindia.com)
Sodium1
- Sodium & potassium compounds, exc. (nz24.biz)
Organic1
- E-coating contains minimal VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), very low HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants) and produces minimal solid waste. (maglin.com)
Irrigation3
- The advantage of alum irrigation compared to other treatment methods for haemorrhagic cystitis is that it is generally safe, effective, well-tolerated, and cost-effective. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- One newly designated "high-risk" compound was alum irrigation for HC and its absence left physicians and patients with limited options to effectively manage this condition. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Persistent hematuria can be treated with bladder irrigation, using carboprost, 1-2% alum, or silver nitrate. (medscape.com)
Mineral2
- A completely natural product, crystal deodorant is a mineral compound made up of alum and potassium crystals. (lowwaste.shop)
- The mineral bauxite or clays are used to obtain alum by gentle calcination. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Ingredients2
- Compounding sterile dosage forms that included nonsterile ingredients, or that were exposed to nonsterile pathways, were categorized as "high-risk. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- defined "high-risk" compounding as sterilizing drugs compounded from nonsterile ingredients. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
Antiperspirants1
- These concerns arise mainly from the use of antiperspirants which all contain an aluminum-based compound as their main ingredient. (allnaturalbeauty.com)
20211
- 2008), is still the official version of sterile compounding standards, although a 2021 revised version is under review. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
Dosage1
- In other words, results showed that alum dosage range for good coagulation was almost wide in this study. (jakesonline.org)
Hazardous1
- [4] , [5] Leachate is persistent and highly polluted due to the formation of its hazardous compounds. (advbiores.net)
Coagulation1
- The optimum pH for alum coagulation is 6 to 7.5 whereas 5.0 to 8.0 are for iron. (jakesonline.org)
Flocculation1
- Effect of system chemistry on alum flocculation under high-energy conditions (G = 60 sec"', constant e) Figure 3.25. (jakesonline.org)
Resistance2
- It's also treated with alum, a compound of aluminum and potassium that gives it excellent resistance to heat. (vendingproservice.com)
- When used with rosin which imparts moisture resistance in paper, alum precipitates the rosin size on the pulp fibers before paper formation. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Bladder3
- Patients and physicians were adversely affected by the reduction in high-risk compounding at hospitals, and a change in the treatment of diffuse bleeding in the bladder (eg, hemorrhagic cystitis [HC]) is a prime example of one of these negative effects. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Because the bladder is a sterile internal body cavity, compounds used for administration (an internal "wash") could be expected to meet the USP standards for sterile products. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Mesna binds to the urotoxic cyclophosphamide metabolite acrolein, creating stable thioester compounds with no bladder toxicity. (medscape.com)
Natural2
- Release of these toxic compounds into the natural environment poses a significant environmental problem associated with the disposal of solid waste. (advbiores.net)
- It is the alums from the conventional counterpart, are helping preserve the role to natural dyes is essential that make the increasing each dye on natural pigment. (guaranteedsubpoenasettlement.com)
Main1
- additional 12 tons of chlorine gas and four tons of Alum have been delivered to main Diwania water project to overcome the huge shortage in chlorine. (who.int)
Treatment5
- As a consequence of alum treatment, levels of aluminum in treated water are often higher than those in raw water. (jakesonline.org)
- Simple treatment methods include adding lime to soften the water, or adding alum as a coagulant, followed by settlement. (jakesonline.org)
- Trygstad watched as HAB Aquatic Solutions, a company out of Lincoln, Nebraska, operated a barge filled with barrels of alum loaded off of three waiting tanker trucks finally gave the lake the treatment it needed. (monalakewatershed.org)
- Following the Michigan Tech study, alum was determined to be the best treatment and the council went through a lengthy process to receive state approvals to apply it, Trygstad said. (monalakewatershed.org)
- As a flocculent, alum is also helpful in the purification and treatment of water, as the negatively charged colloids clump together to form "flocs" which can be easily separated from water. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Reduction1
- Skin damage or irritation may result in a significant reduction of the no-effect level for a specific compound. (cdc.gov)
Form5
- Alum can be bought in liquid form or in dry form. (jakesonline.org)
- Although aluminum is notfound in its free metallic state, it is the most widely distributed metal (in compound form) onEarth. (lookchem.com)
- All of the earth's aluminum has combined with other elements to form compounds. (foleyforsenate.com)
- 2.5, Al and Fe intermetallic compounds tend to form coarse. (aluminumfoilroll.com)
- Aluminum foil is prone to pinhole when calendering, Fe and Si will interact to form a firm compound. (aluminumfoilroll.com)
Found1
- Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is the fourth mostabundant compound found on Earth, with a weight of 69,900 ppm. (lookchem.com)
Widely1
- Alum serves as food preservative, and is widely applied in pickled food. (paper-chemicals.biz)
Works1
- Alum has a demand for hydroxide and alkalinity and only works within a certain pH range. (jakesonline.org)
Wash2
- Or you could use the alum method to wash off the slime. (nigerianlazychef.com)
- soak alum and fish in some warm water and wash gently with your hands. (nigerianlazychef.com)
Products1
- Check out our range of Compounds products at your local Bunnings Warehouse. (ittfafrica.com)
White1
- Doctors would take the sap from a plant with white flowers, blend it with alum (a colorless metallic compound), and then apply it to strips of cloth. (hertlsport.sk)
Effective1
- Alum isn't nearly as effective as the prior two for killing algae. (aquariumplants.com)
Food1
- Bioactive compounds with applications in various industries like food cosmetic. (guaranteedsubpoenasettlement.com)
Production2
- Other aluminum compounds are applied in paper production. (jakesonline.org)
- The production procedure of a high-purity fluorine gas of the present invention is described in detail below by referring to the case applying K3NiF7 as a fluoronickel compound having occluded therein fluorine. (toto.help)
Find1
- Here is every "Breaking Bad" alum we could find that pops up in "El Camino" (listed by order of appearance). (thewrap.com)
Levels3
- Overtreatment with alum can cause a dramatic decrease in pH, possibly to levels more dangerous than the original high pH problem. (jakesonline.org)
- 2008) defined risk levels for compounding that were based on the possible likelihood of patient harm from microbial contamination of a compounded sterile preparation. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on improving vaccine efficacy after prime immunization were evident as shown by significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and enhanced homologous protection compared to those by QS-21 and Alum adjuvants. (cdc.gov)
Fresh1
- Led by Acorns alums, Hedgehog will use the fresh $1.6 million to build a robo-advisor for cryptocurrency investing. (coindesk.com)
Study1
- The study revealed high potential of alum in reducing the ammonia volatilisation and enhancing the agronomical value of nutrients in the thermal digestion process. (doctorpenguin.com)
Iron1
- Some of the more common iron compounds, of especial interest and relevance to drinking water, are the iron oxides. (knowyourh2o.com)
Reduce1
- Alum will make the water soft and reduce the minerals. (kerrato.com)
Product3
- The SEM-EDX images confirmed enhanced N (2.25%) in the alum treated end product compared to blank (N - 1.8%) and thus reveals alum induced mineralization of nutrients. (doctorpenguin.com)
- Cost benefit analysis of the alum aided digestion revealed that it enhances the nutrient retention and overall cost of N in the end product by ₹626/tonne. (doctorpenguin.com)
- The preparation of medications and drug combinations to create a customized product for the specific needs of individual patients is referred to as compounding. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
Present2
- Preparing compounded sterile preparations can present a far greater risk to patients than preparing compounded nonsterile preparations. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- So after trying to settle on the exact story before making the scenes, I was getting so caught up that I decided to take a break from it and start building assets for one location that will definitely be present, which is the compound in which I lived in Togo for the second year I was there. (kevings.com)