Alum Compounds
Aluminum Hydroxide
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Adjuvant-guided type-1 and type-2 immunity: infectious/noninfectious dichotomy defines the class of response. (1/209)
Traditionally, protein Ags have been injected in CFA (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with IFA (oil alone) to induce tolerance. We report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic Ag, in CFA-induced and IFA-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory T cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. This adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type-1 and type-2 immunity was observed with seven protein Ags and in a total of six mouse strains. Highly polarized type-1 and type-2 immunity are thus readily achievable through the choice of adjuvant, irrespective of the genetic bias of the host and of the nature of the protein Ag. This finding should have far-reaching implications for the development of vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, our demonstration that Ag injected with IFA is as strongly immunogenic for T cells as it is with CFA shows that the presence of the mycobacteria determines not the priming of naive T cells through the second-signal link but the path of downstream differentiation toward CD4 memory cells that express either type-1 or type-2 cytokines. (+info)Humoral response suppression observed with CD23 transgenics. (2/209)
CD23, also known as the low affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRII), has been hypothesized to have a role in IgE regulation. A new CD23 transgenic mouse was generated using the MHC class I promoter and IgH enhancer to further test the hypothesis that CD23 plays a role in the down-regulation of IgE. Study of three founder lines by FACS showed overexpression to varying extents on both B and T lymphocytes. No alterations in lymphocyte populations was observed. All three founder lines exhibited strong suppression of IgE in response to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin/alum and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection compared with that in parental or littermate controls. The founder line exhibiting the highest level of suppression also was less susceptible to Ag-induced systemic anaphylactic shock. Overall, the data support the concept that enhancing CD23 levels can be used to suppress IgE-mediated disease. The mechanism involves decreased IgE synthesis, because the serum half-life of IgE was not altered in transgenics, and enzyme-linked immunospot analysis demonstrated lower IgE-producing cells stimulated by injection of anti-IgD. Transgenics also exhibited significantly decreased IgG1 responses and exhibited lower levels of all Ig isotypes, although this was more variable in different founder lines. (+info)Effects of aluminum potassium sulfate on learning, memory, and cholinergic system in mice. (3/209)
AIM: To study the relationship between aluminum potassium sulfate (APS) and memory deficits of mice. METHODS: 30, 60, or 90 d after the mice were given daily APS i.g., the step-through latency (STL) was determined with a passive avoidance task. Aluminum (Al) contents in brain and blood were assayed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acetylcholine (ACh) content in brain was determined with chemiluminescent method and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured radiochemically. RESULTS: APS 1 g.kg-1 increased blood-Al only after 30 d. After 60 d, STL, ACh content and ChAT activity decreased by 46.4%, 8.5%, and 22.6%, respectively. These parameters decreased by 50%, 11.1%, and 27.8%, respectively, with increased Al in blood and brain, after 90 d. APS 0.25 g.kg-1 had no effects on mice except blood-Al. In ethylcholine mustard aziridium chloride (AF64A) treated mice, APS 1 g.kg-1 only increased blood and brain-Al. CONCLUSION: The intake of APS 1 g.kg-1.d-1 for 60 d induced learning and memory deficits in mice. (+info)Disturbance of cerebral function in people exposed to drinking water contaminated with aluminium sulphate: retrospective study of the Camelford water incident. (4/209)
OBJECTIVE: To establish whether people exposed to drinking water contaminated with 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate in the Camelford area of Cornwall in the south west of England in July 1988 had suffered organic brain damage as opposed to psychological trauma only. DESIGN: Retrospective study of affected people. PARTICIPANTS: 55 affected people and 15 siblings nearest in age to one of the group but who had not been exposed to the contaminated water were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Various clinical and psychological tests to determine medical condition and anxiety levels in affected people. Assessment of premorbid IQ (pFSIQ) with the national adult reading test, a computerised battery of psychomotor testing, and measurement of the difference in latencies between the flash and pattern visual evoked potentials in all participants. RESULTS: The mean (SE) pFSIQ was above average at 114.4 (1.1). The most sensitive of the psychomotor tests for organic brain disease was the symbol digit coding (SDC) test (normal score 100, abnormal <85). PARTICIPANTS performed less well on this test (54.5 (6.0)) than expected from their pFSIQ (P<0.0001) and a little less poorly on the averaged less discriminating tests within the battery (86.1 (2.5), P<0.0001). In a comparison with the 15 sibling pairs (affected people's age 41.0 (3.3) years v sibling age of 42.7 (3.1) years (P=0.36) the exposed people had similar pFSIQ (114.7 (2.1)) to their siblings (116.3 (2.1), (P=0.59) but performed badly on the symbol digit coding test (51.8 (16.6)) v (87.5 (4.9) for siblings, P=0.03). The flash-pattern differences in exposed people were greater than in 42 unrelated control subjects of similar age (27.33 (1.64) ms v 18. 57 (1.47) ms, P=0.0002). The 15 unexposed siblings had significantly better flash-pattern differences than their affected siblings (13.4 (2.4) ms v 29.6 (2.9) ms, P=0.0002). No effect of anxiety could be shown on these measurements from the analysis of the anxiety scores of exposed people. CONCLUSION: People who were exposed to the contaminated water at Camelford suffered considerable damage to cerebral function, which was not related to anxiety. Follow up studies would be required to determine the longer term prognosis for affected individuals. (+info)Protective immunity using recombinant human IL-12 and alum as adjuvants in a primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (5/209)
Protection from cutaneous leishmaniasis, a chronic ulcerating skin lesion affecting millions, has been achieved historically using live virulent preparations of the parasite. Killed or recombinant Ags that could be safer as vaccines generally require an adjuvant for induction of a strong Th1 response in murine models. Murine rIL-12 as an adjuvant with soluble Leishmania Ag has been shown to protect susceptible mice. We used 48 rhesus macaques to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a vaccine combining heat-killed Leishmania amazonensis with human rIL-12 (rhIL-12) and alum (aluminum hydroxide gel) as adjuvants. The single s.c. vaccination was found to be safe and immunogenic, although a small transient s.c. nodule developed at the site. Groups receiving rhIL-12 had an augmented in vitro Ag-specific IFN-gamma response after vaccination, as well as increased production of IgG. No increase in IL-4 or IL-10 was found in cell culture supernatants from either control or experimental groups. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were not predictive of protection. Intradermal forehead challenge infection with 107 metacyclic L. amazonensis promastigotes at 4 wk demonstrated protective immunity in all 12 monkeys receiving 2 microgram rhIL-12 with alum and Ag. Partial efficacy was seen with lower doses of rhIL-12 and in groups lacking either adjuvant. Thus, a single dose vaccine with killed Ag using rhIL-12 and alum as adjuvants was safe and fully effective in this primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study extends the murine data to primates, and provides a basis for further human trials. (+info)Archaeosome vaccine adjuvants induce strong humoral, cell-mediated, and memory responses: comparison to conventional liposomes and alum. (6/209)
Ether glycerolipids extracted from various archaeobacteria were formulated into liposomes (archaeosomes) possessing strong adjuvant properties. Mice of varying genetic backgrounds, immunized by different parenteral routes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapped in archaeosomes ( approximately 200-nm vesicles), demonstrated markedly enhanced serum anti-BSA antibody titers. These titers were often comparable to those achieved with Freund's adjuvant and considerably more than those with alum or conventional liposomes (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol-cholesterol, 1. 8:0.2:1.5 molar ratio). Furthermore, antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b isotype antibodies were all induced. Association of BSA with the lipid vesicles was required for induction of a strong response, and >80% of the protein was internalized within most archaeosome types, suggesting efficient release of antigen in vivo. Encapsulation of ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme within archaeosomes showed similar immune responses. Antigen-archaeosome immunizations also induced a strong cell-mediated immune response: antigen-dependent proliferation and substantial production of cytokines gamma interferon (Th1) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (Th2) by spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, conventional liposomes induced little cell-mediated immunity, whereas alum stimulated only an IL-4 response. In contrast to alum and Freund's adjuvant, archaeosomes composed of Thermoplasma acidophilum lipids evoked a dramatic memory antibody response to the encapsulated protein (at approximately 300 days) after only two initial immunizations (days 0 and 14). This correlated with increased antigen-specific cell cycling of CD4(+) T cells: increase in synthetic (S) and mitotic (G(2)/M) and decrease in resting (G(1)) phases. Thus, archaeosomes may be potent vaccine carriers capable of facilitating strong primary and memory humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses to the entrapped antigen. (+info)Impaired affinity maturation in Cr2-/- mice is rescued by adjuvants without improvement in germinal center development. (7/209)
Cr2-/- mice have an impairment in humoral immunity, as shown by the decrease in the Ab titers against T cell-dependent Ags and abnormalities in germinal center formation. Germinal centers are present, but they are decreased in size and number, indicating problems in their development. In this study, we investigated whether this abnormality in germinal center development is associated with problems in the establishment of optimal affinity maturation and the generation of memory B cells, processes closely related to the germinal center reaction. We immunized the Cr2-/- animals with different Ags with or without adjuvants. We showed that, when immunized without adjuvants, complement receptors are absolutely required for optimal affinity maturation. Although limited affinity maturation is elicited in the Cr2-/- Ab response, it is decreased as compared with normal animals. Memory B cell generation is also impaired. In the presence of adjuvants, germinal center development in the Cr2-/- mice is still abnormal, as demonstrated by their decreased size and number. Surprisingly, adjuvants establish optimal affinity maturation and partially restore the amount of Ab produced during the primary response and memory B cell generation. However, adjuvants cannot improve the ability of follicular dendritic cells to retain Ags in the form of immune complexes. These observations indicate that immunization with inflammatory Ags offset some of the immunological abnormalities found in the Cr2-/- mice and show that optimal affinity maturation in the Cr2-/- mice can be achieved in the absence of normal germinal centers. (+info)Calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvant. (8/209)
Vaccination to protect against human infectious diseases may be enhanced by using adjuvants that can selectively stimulate immunoregulatory responses. In a murine model, a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant composed of calcium phosphate (CAP) was compared with the commonly used aluminum (alum) adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Results indicated that CAP was more potent as an adjuvant than alum, elicited little or no inflammation at the site of administration, induced high titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody and neutralizing antibody, and facilitated a high percentage of protection against HSV-2 infection. Additional benefits of CAP include (i) an insignificant IgE response, which is an important advantage over injection of alum compounds, and (ii) the fact that CAP is a natural constituent of the human body. Thus, CAP is very well tolerated and absorbed. These studies were performed with animal models. By virtue of the potency of this CAP adjuvant and the relative absence of side effects, we believe that this new CAP formulation has great potential for use as an adjuvant in humans. (+info)Alum compounds are a type of double sulfate salt, typically consisting of aluminum sulfate and another metal sulfate. The most common variety is potassium alum, or potassium aluminum sulfate (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O). Alum compounds have a wide range of uses, including water purification, tanning leather, dyeing and printing textiles, and as a food additive for baking powder and pickling. They are also used in medicine as astringents to reduce bleeding and swelling, and to soothe skin irritations. Alum compounds have the ability to make proteins in living cells become more stable, which can be useful in medical treatments.
Aluminum hydroxide is a medication that contains the active ingredient aluminum hydroxide, which is an inorganic compound. It is commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn. Aluminum hydroxide works by reacting with the acid in the stomach to form a physical barrier that prevents the acid from backing up into the esophagus.
In addition to its use as an antacid, aluminum hydroxide is also used as a phosphate binder in patients with kidney disease. It works by binding to phosphate in the gut and preventing it from being absorbed into the bloodstream, which can help to control high phosphate levels in the body.
Aluminum hydroxide is available over-the-counter and by prescription in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid suspensions. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and to talk to a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.
Immunologic adjuvants are substances that are added to a vaccine to enhance the body's immune response to the antigens contained in the vaccine. They work by stimulating the immune system and promoting the production of antibodies and activating immune cells, such as T-cells and macrophages, which help to provide a stronger and more sustained immune response to the vaccine.
Immunologic adjuvants can be derived from various sources, including bacteria, viruses, and chemicals. Some common examples include aluminum salts (alum), oil-in-water emulsions (such as MF59), and bacterial components (such as lipopolysaccharide or LPS).
The use of immunologic adjuvants in vaccines can help to improve the efficacy of the vaccine, particularly for vaccines that contain weak or poorly immunogenic antigens. They can also help to reduce the amount of antigen needed in a vaccine, which can be beneficial for vaccines that are difficult or expensive to produce.
It's important to note that while adjuvants can enhance the immune response to a vaccine, they can also increase the risk of adverse reactions, such as inflammation and pain at the injection site. Therefore, the use of immunologic adjuvants must be carefully balanced against their potential benefits and risks.
Alum (disambiguation)
Alum Cliffs
Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element
E. R. Squibb
Sequencing batch reactor
Potassium alum
Immunologic adjuvant
Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes
History of aluminium
Alum
Alum Rock
Sodium alum
Multiple isomorphous replacement
Baking powder
Eudyptula novaehollandiae
List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (A)
Alam (disambiguation)
List of MeSH codes (D01)
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
Chromium
Alum Bay
Keene's cement plaster
Chromium compounds
Isomorphism (crystallography)
Ammonium alum
List of inorganic compounds
Potassium dichromate
Bristol Myers Squibb
Index of chemistry articles
George Marshall (gunner)
ALUM-325 White Alumina Abrasive Powder 1 Lb. | Bayland Products Inc. Buffing Wheels, Buffing Compounds
Alum (disambiguation) - Wikipedia
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Aluminum15
- Allum, surname Allums, surname Alum Bay Alum Creek (disambiguation) Alum Rock (disambiguation) Alum Springs (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Alum All pages with titles containing Alum Aluminium (disambiguation) Aluminum (disambiguation) Alumina This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Alum. (wikipedia.org)
- They infused loaves of bread with alum, a chalky aluminum-based compound commonly used today in laundry detergents. (tastingtable.com)
- Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, as alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. (cdc.gov)
- Sir Humphrey Davy, the Cornish chemist who discovered the metal, called it 'aluminum', after one of its source compounds, alum. (chemistryworld.com)
- Aluminum (in compounds combined with other elements) has been found in at least 596 of the 1,699 National Priority List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
- Alum is a compound of several metals, including aluminum. (aramcoworld.com)
- This is because potassium alum molecules have a negative ionic charge, and the aluminum is unable to pass through cell walls. (aramcoworld.com)
- who discovered aluminum and in what year did they discover it?Aluminum was named for one its most important compounds, alum. (askaluminium.com)
- All of the earth\'s aluminum has combined with other elements to form compounds. (askaluminium.com)
- Two of the most common compounds are alum, such as potassium aluminum sulfate (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). (askaluminium.com)
- Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for naturally high. (cdc.gov)
- example, as alums in water-treatment and alumina in · Eating substances containing high levels of aluminum abrasives and furnace linings. (cdc.gov)
- In this lab, two tests are used to determine whether or not the clear crystal is indeed, aluminum potassium sulfate (alum). (studymode.com)
- The average experimental value of the melting point of aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) is 91.2 oC, approximately 1.8% error. (studymode.com)
- Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. (cdc.gov)
Potassium alum10
- Potassium alum, the prototypical member of the class, is often referred to simply as alum. (wikipedia.org)
- u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emore deets\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eingredients: mineral salts (potassium alum)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eto use: wet the crystal stone and generously apply to underarm area. (helloatlo.com)
- Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Potassium alum is commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, dyeing, fireproof textiles, and baking powder as E number E522. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Potassium alum was known to the Ancient Egyptians, who obtained it from evaporites in the Western desert and reportedly used it as early as 1500 BCE to reduce the visible cloudiness (turbidity) in the water. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Potassium alum was described under the name alumen or salsugoterrae by Pliny, and it is clearly the same as the stupteria described by Dioscorides. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Aluminium potassium sulfate production of potassium alum from alunite is archaeologically attested on the island Lesbos. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Potassium alum is mentioned in some Ayurvedic texts with the name such as sphaṭika kṣāra, phitkari or saurashtri. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Potassium alum was imported into England mainly from the Middle East, and, from the late 15th century onwards, the Papal States for hundreds of years. (atamanchemicals.com)
- Historically, potassium alum was used extensively in the wool industry from Classical antiquity, during the Middle Ages, and well into 19th century as a mordant or dye fixative in the process of turning wool into dyed bolts of cloth. (atamanchemicals.com)
Aluminium1
- Other parts of the ore are now insufficiently soluble, such as the compounds of aluminium and iron. (turito.com)
Adjuvant5
- preparation-which is prepared by processing raw PR with licorice, lime, and alum as adjuvant materials-promotes sleep and sedation in mice by increasing REM sleep. (hindawi.com)
- Metabolic profiling and compound-class identification reveal alterations in serum triglyceride levels in mice immunized with human vaccine adjuvant Alum. (uams.edu)
- Herein, we applied mass spectrometry (LCMS)-based metabolic and lipid profiling to monitor the effects of Alum adjuvant on mouse serum at 6, 24, 72 and 168 h post-vaccination. (uams.edu)
- To our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of the human vaccine adjuvant Alum on host metabolome, and may provide new insights into the mechanism of action of Alum. (uams.edu)
- The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on improving vaccine efficacy after prime immunization were evident as shown by significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and enhanced homologous protection compared to those by QS-21 and Alum adjuvants. (cdc.gov)
Powder7
- ALUM-325 White Alumina Abrasive Powder 1 Lb. (baylandproducts.com)
- ALUM-325 White Alumina Abrasive Powder 12 oz jar. (baylandproducts.com)
- Alum-325 White Alumina Powder Medium 12 oz. (baylandproducts.com)
- One remedy consisted of drinking a goblet of wine containing a powder compounded from rubber, alum and garden crocuses. (bible.org)
- The dose of the compound powder of alum to be increafed to a drachm. (meatrition.com)
- Sodium bicarbonate powder is mainly applied as food additive in food stuff industry, feed additives for animals, foaming agent in rubber industry, acidifying agent in medicine industry, compounding ingredient in detergent making, detergent in movie making, carbon Dioxide (CO2) reactor in beer,drinks,etc. (fengbaigroup.com)
- Bicarbonate of soda can be compounded with alum to make alkaline fermentation powder, and can also be compounded with soda ash to make civil lime. (fengbaigroup.com)
Bioactive compounds2
- Our resarch aim to understand of metabolic pathways of different bioactive compounds, including lipids. (slu.se)
- Wang's dissertation research with associate professor Yangchao Luo focused on creating nano-sized delivery vesicles for bioactive compounds using natural biomaterials like lipids and proteins. (uconn.edu)
Lipids1
- We propose a new strategy termed Subclass Identification and Annotation for Metabolomics (SIAM) for class-wise identification of untargeted metabolomics data generated from high-resolution MS. Using this approach, we identified and validated the levels of several lipids in mouse serum that were significantly altered following Alum administration. (uams.edu)
Sulfate1
- Detennine the percent sulfate of a sample of alum. (studymode.com)
Crystals4
- u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ecrystal deodorant is a mineral compound made up of alum and potassium crystals. (helloatlo.com)
- crystal deodorant is a mineral compound made up of alum and potassium crystals. (helloatlo.com)
- Marggraf also showed that perfect crystals with properties of alum can be obtained by dissolving alumina in sulfuric acid and adding potash or ammonia to the concentrated solution. (atamanchemicals.com)
- By determining the melting point of alum, and by determining the water of hydration in alum crystals by comparing the molar ratio between moles of AlK(SO4)2 and moles of H2O, the structure of the compound could be found. (studymode.com)
Alumina1
- The error was soon corrected by Johann Pott and Andreas Marggraf, who showed that the precipitate obtained when an alkali is poured into a solution of alum, namely alumina, is quite different from lime and chalk, and is one of the ingredients in common clay. (atamanchemicals.com)
Alunite3
- The Alum Mountain, in Bulahdelah, Australia, is the only known above-ground outcrop of alum stone (alunite) in the world. (aramcoworld.com)
- In the 13th and 14th centuries, alum (from alunite) was a major import from Phocaea (Gulf of Smyrna in Byzantium) by Genoans and Venetians (and was a cause of war between Genoa and Venice) and later by Florence. (atamanchemicals.com)
- After the fall of Constantinople, alunite (the source of alum) was discovered at Tolfa in the Papal States (1461). (atamanchemicals.com)
Mineral compound1
- One such hidden gem is alum, a mineral compound that has been cherished for centuries for its incredible beauty benefits. (ayurdeva.com.au)
Proteins1
- Others, and in particular the life science industry, assert that DNA and proteins are simply chemical compounds, albeit complex ones. (lu.se)
Chemical6
- Alum is a species and class of chemical compound. (wikipedia.org)
- Not merely to salvage H2O but it is besides of import that the H2O required for human existences must be of good criterion means it should non incorporate any harmful bacteriums or chemical compounds or any other unwanted drosss. (love-pet.net)
- Some chemical compound and alum were used by them for colonies of partials. (love-pet.net)
- To avoid suspicion, Teddy had asked his subordinates to replace the stolen meth with the chemical compound alum. (coconuts.co)
- In this blog post, we'll delve into the chemical composition of alum, its natural sources, and why Ayurveda considers it a beauty elixir. (feedspot.com)
- Verify the chemical fonnula of a sample of alum. (studymode.com)
Mass spectrometry1
- Furthermore, we identified a total of 32 component compounds via chromatography and mass spectrometry. (hindawi.com)
Ingredient1
- It is the main ingredient in many different compounds. (baylandproducts.com)
Irrigation2
- The advantage of alum irrigation compared to other treatment methods for haemorrhagic cystitis is that it is generally safe, effective, well-tolerated, and cost-effective. (oncpracticemanagement.com)
- Persistent hematuria can be treated with bladder irrigation, using carboprost, 1-2% alum, or silver nitrate. (medscape.com)
North Yorkshire2
- Alum may also refer to: Alum, Texas, a community in the US Alumnus, a graduate of a particular institution Alum Pot, a pothole in Simon Fell, North Yorkshire, England Ålum Runestones, four Viking age runestones located in Ålum, Denmark Robert Alum (died 1417), an English medieval bishop and university chancellor Search for "alum" or "alums" on Wikipedia. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the oldest historic sites for the production of alum from shale and human urine are the Peak alum works in Ravenscar, North Yorkshire. (atamanchemicals.com)
Molecules1
- In procedure #2, the ratio between alum and water is determined by dehydrating the water molecules from the AlK(SO4)2.12H2O. (studymode.com)
Vaccine1
- QS-21, a mixture of saponin compounds, was included in the AS01-adjuvanted Shingrix vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Bladder4
- Patients and physicians were adversely affected by the reduction in high-risk compounding at hospitals, and a change in the treatment of diffuse bleeding in the bladder (eg, hemorrhagic cystitis [HC]) is a prime example of one of these negative effects. (oncpracticemanagement.com)
- Because the bladder is a sterile internal body cavity, compounds used for administration (an internal "wash") could be expected to meet the USP standards for sterile products. (oncpracticemanagement.com)
- INTRODUCTION: The En-bloc Resection of Bladder Tumors (ERBT) is a method that offers more benefits compared to the traditional Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) (1, 2). (bvsalud.org)
- As previously discussed, mesna binds to the urotoxic cyclophosphamide metabolite acrolein, creating stable thioester compounds with no bladder toxicity. (medscape.com)
Ferrous1
- Some alternate compound like Ca hypochloride and ferrous chloride were used together for disinfecting and deposit of imbibing H2O in some states like Belgium. (love-pet.net)
Physicians1
- In ancient Babylon, physicians used alum in a mouthwash, as a styptic, as a pessary for menorrhagia, as a nasal douche, and as a treatment for itchy scabs, gonorrhea and purulent ophthalmia. (aramcoworld.com)
Sodium1
- The sodium dichromate compound, which contains seven oxygen atoms, is a powerful oxidising agent because it has plenty of oxygen to give to other species to oxidize them by reducing itself. (turito.com)
Incorporate1
- We will also explore various ways that I incorporate alum into my daily beauty routine. (feedspot.com)
Patients2
- The preparation of medications and drug combinations to create a customized product for the specific needs of individual patients is referred to as compounding. (oncpracticemanagement.com)
- The preparation of compounded sterile preparations can present a far greater risk to patients than compounded nonsterile preparations. (oncpracticemanagement.com)
Metals1
- structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system). (cbseacademic.in)
Pharmacy2
- Kathy Quarles Moore , '86, clinical associate professor and director of Community and Compounding Laboratories received the Bowl of Hygeia, presented to an SCPhA member with an outstanding record of community service that reflects well on the profession of pharmacy, who is well known throughout the state for their contributions to the profession through volunteerism within pharmacy, involvement in SCPhA activities and who provides encouragement of professional development of young pharmacists. (sc.edu)
- Brandi specializes in traditional pharmacy as well as compounding. (sc.edu)
Chemicals1
- WARNING: Motor vehicles contain fuel, oils and fluids, battery posts, terminals and related accessories which contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. (jegs.com)
Sulfuric acid1
- In the early 1700s, Georg Ernst Stahl claimed that reacting sulfuric acid with limestone produced a sort of alum. (atamanchemicals.com)
Main2
- Creating chromium compounds is its main use. (turito.com)
- additional 12 tons of chlorine gas and four tons of Alum have been delivered to main Diwania water project to overcome the huge shortage in chlorine. (who.int)
Water3
- 1. When measuring the melting point, it is best to heat up the sample slowly so that the alum sample would be the same temperature as the water. (studymode.com)
- Detennine the water of hydration of a sample of alum. (studymode.com)
- In Ghamas area of Diwaniya also, four water purification compound units are still out of service due to low river water level. (who.int)
Reduction1
- Skin damage or irritation may result in a significant reduction of the no-effect level for a specific compound. (cdc.gov)
Natural1
- Citrates are organic compounds of trace elements with natural citric acid. (ecowellnessstore.com)
Mice1
- During exposures, mice were sensitized to the experimental allergen ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal injections (5 µg OVA, 2 mg Alum in 200 µl PBS) on days 1 and 8 of inhalation exposures, and by intratracheal instillations on days 19 and 31 (60 µg OVA in 60 µl PBS). (cdc.gov)
Make3
- The Turks used the compound to make a beautiful dye known as Turkey red. (askaluminium.com)
- The textile dyeing industry in Bruges, and many other locations in Italy, and later in England, required alum to stabilize the dyes onto the fabric (make the dyes 'fast') and also to brighten the colors. (atamanchemicals.com)
- It is used to make chrome alum, chrome yellow, and chrome red, additional chromium compounds. (turito.com)
Treatment1
- Greek and then Arab medical authorities continued these practices, and went on to use alum for the treatment of leprosy, bad gums, pustules and ear trouble. (aramcoworld.com)
Agent1
- Can be used as an alternative floccing agent to Alum compounds. (legendproducts.com.au)
Industry1
- Fused filament fabrication 3D printing is a new and emerging industry that uses a variety of filament materials capable of producing ultrafine particulates and volatile organic compounds. (cdc.gov)
Free2
- Look up alum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. (wikipedia.org)
- Paper -Since poor quality folders and envelopes can hasten the deterioration of photographs and negatives, it is essential that paper be free of acidic compounds such as those found in alum-rosin sizing and unpurified wood pulp. (gaylord.com)
Refer1
- Typically, we refer to the compounds containing this anion as a single group using this term. (turito.com)
Preparation2
- USP standards provide guidance for the preparation of compounded sterile preparations and are deferred to as authoritative by many states' professional authorities and accreditation bodies. (oncpracticemanagement.com)
- 2008) defined risk levels for compounding that were based on the possible likelihood of patient harm from microbial contamination of a compounded sterile preparation. (oncpracticemanagement.com)