Alum Compounds
Aluminum Hydroxide
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial
Pemphigoid, Bullous
Rivers
Egypt
Water
South Africa
Water Supply
Phosphines
Astringents
Cerium
Encyclopedias as Topic
Aluminum Oxide
Antistatic Agents
Gelatin
Surface-Active Agents
Silver
Anions
Halogens
Dictionaries as Topic
Chromium
Terminology as Topic
Criminology
Universities
Denture, Partial, Temporary
Compact Disks
Aneurysm, False
Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)
Aneurysm
Aneurysm, Infected
Cell Wall
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
Altitude
Love
Software
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Molecular Structure
Equipment and Supplies
Coordination Complexes
Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. A coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged.
Adjuvant-guided type-1 and type-2 immunity: infectious/noninfectious dichotomy defines the class of response. (1/209)
Traditionally, protein Ags have been injected in CFA (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with IFA (oil alone) to induce tolerance. We report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic Ag, in CFA-induced and IFA-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory T cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. This adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type-1 and type-2 immunity was observed with seven protein Ags and in a total of six mouse strains. Highly polarized type-1 and type-2 immunity are thus readily achievable through the choice of adjuvant, irrespective of the genetic bias of the host and of the nature of the protein Ag. This finding should have far-reaching implications for the development of vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, our demonstration that Ag injected with IFA is as strongly immunogenic for T cells as it is with CFA shows that the presence of the mycobacteria determines not the priming of naive T cells through the second-signal link but the path of downstream differentiation toward CD4 memory cells that express either type-1 or type-2 cytokines. (+info)Humoral response suppression observed with CD23 transgenics. (2/209)
CD23, also known as the low affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRII), has been hypothesized to have a role in IgE regulation. A new CD23 transgenic mouse was generated using the MHC class I promoter and IgH enhancer to further test the hypothesis that CD23 plays a role in the down-regulation of IgE. Study of three founder lines by FACS showed overexpression to varying extents on both B and T lymphocytes. No alterations in lymphocyte populations was observed. All three founder lines exhibited strong suppression of IgE in response to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin/alum and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection compared with that in parental or littermate controls. The founder line exhibiting the highest level of suppression also was less susceptible to Ag-induced systemic anaphylactic shock. Overall, the data support the concept that enhancing CD23 levels can be used to suppress IgE-mediated disease. The mechanism involves decreased IgE synthesis, because the serum half-life of IgE was not altered in transgenics, and enzyme-linked immunospot analysis demonstrated lower IgE-producing cells stimulated by injection of anti-IgD. Transgenics also exhibited significantly decreased IgG1 responses and exhibited lower levels of all Ig isotypes, although this was more variable in different founder lines. (+info)Effects of aluminum potassium sulfate on learning, memory, and cholinergic system in mice. (3/209)
AIM: To study the relationship between aluminum potassium sulfate (APS) and memory deficits of mice. METHODS: 30, 60, or 90 d after the mice were given daily APS i.g., the step-through latency (STL) was determined with a passive avoidance task. Aluminum (Al) contents in brain and blood were assayed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acetylcholine (ACh) content in brain was determined with chemiluminescent method and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was measured radiochemically. RESULTS: APS 1 g.kg-1 increased blood-Al only after 30 d. After 60 d, STL, ACh content and ChAT activity decreased by 46.4%, 8.5%, and 22.6%, respectively. These parameters decreased by 50%, 11.1%, and 27.8%, respectively, with increased Al in blood and brain, after 90 d. APS 0.25 g.kg-1 had no effects on mice except blood-Al. In ethylcholine mustard aziridium chloride (AF64A) treated mice, APS 1 g.kg-1 only increased blood and brain-Al. CONCLUSION: The intake of APS 1 g.kg-1.d-1 for 60 d induced learning and memory deficits in mice. (+info)Disturbance of cerebral function in people exposed to drinking water contaminated with aluminium sulphate: retrospective study of the Camelford water incident. (4/209)
OBJECTIVE: To establish whether people exposed to drinking water contaminated with 20 tonnes of aluminium sulphate in the Camelford area of Cornwall in the south west of England in July 1988 had suffered organic brain damage as opposed to psychological trauma only. DESIGN: Retrospective study of affected people. PARTICIPANTS: 55 affected people and 15 siblings nearest in age to one of the group but who had not been exposed to the contaminated water were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Various clinical and psychological tests to determine medical condition and anxiety levels in affected people. Assessment of premorbid IQ (pFSIQ) with the national adult reading test, a computerised battery of psychomotor testing, and measurement of the difference in latencies between the flash and pattern visual evoked potentials in all participants. RESULTS: The mean (SE) pFSIQ was above average at 114.4 (1.1). The most sensitive of the psychomotor tests for organic brain disease was the symbol digit coding (SDC) test (normal score 100, abnormal <85). PARTICIPANTS performed less well on this test (54.5 (6.0)) than expected from their pFSIQ (P<0.0001) and a little less poorly on the averaged less discriminating tests within the battery (86.1 (2.5), P<0.0001). In a comparison with the 15 sibling pairs (affected people's age 41.0 (3.3) years v sibling age of 42.7 (3.1) years (P=0.36) the exposed people had similar pFSIQ (114.7 (2.1)) to their siblings (116.3 (2.1), (P=0.59) but performed badly on the symbol digit coding test (51.8 (16.6)) v (87.5 (4.9) for siblings, P=0.03). The flash-pattern differences in exposed people were greater than in 42 unrelated control subjects of similar age (27.33 (1.64) ms v 18. 57 (1.47) ms, P=0.0002). The 15 unexposed siblings had significantly better flash-pattern differences than their affected siblings (13.4 (2.4) ms v 29.6 (2.9) ms, P=0.0002). No effect of anxiety could be shown on these measurements from the analysis of the anxiety scores of exposed people. CONCLUSION: People who were exposed to the contaminated water at Camelford suffered considerable damage to cerebral function, which was not related to anxiety. Follow up studies would be required to determine the longer term prognosis for affected individuals. (+info)Protective immunity using recombinant human IL-12 and alum as adjuvants in a primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (5/209)
Protection from cutaneous leishmaniasis, a chronic ulcerating skin lesion affecting millions, has been achieved historically using live virulent preparations of the parasite. Killed or recombinant Ags that could be safer as vaccines generally require an adjuvant for induction of a strong Th1 response in murine models. Murine rIL-12 as an adjuvant with soluble Leishmania Ag has been shown to protect susceptible mice. We used 48 rhesus macaques to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a vaccine combining heat-killed Leishmania amazonensis with human rIL-12 (rhIL-12) and alum (aluminum hydroxide gel) as adjuvants. The single s.c. vaccination was found to be safe and immunogenic, although a small transient s.c. nodule developed at the site. Groups receiving rhIL-12 had an augmented in vitro Ag-specific IFN-gamma response after vaccination, as well as increased production of IgG. No increase in IL-4 or IL-10 was found in cell culture supernatants from either control or experimental groups. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were not predictive of protection. Intradermal forehead challenge infection with 107 metacyclic L. amazonensis promastigotes at 4 wk demonstrated protective immunity in all 12 monkeys receiving 2 microgram rhIL-12 with alum and Ag. Partial efficacy was seen with lower doses of rhIL-12 and in groups lacking either adjuvant. Thus, a single dose vaccine with killed Ag using rhIL-12 and alum as adjuvants was safe and fully effective in this primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study extends the murine data to primates, and provides a basis for further human trials. (+info)Archaeosome vaccine adjuvants induce strong humoral, cell-mediated, and memory responses: comparison to conventional liposomes and alum. (6/209)
Ether glycerolipids extracted from various archaeobacteria were formulated into liposomes (archaeosomes) possessing strong adjuvant properties. Mice of varying genetic backgrounds, immunized by different parenteral routes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapped in archaeosomes ( approximately 200-nm vesicles), demonstrated markedly enhanced serum anti-BSA antibody titers. These titers were often comparable to those achieved with Freund's adjuvant and considerably more than those with alum or conventional liposomes (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol-cholesterol, 1. 8:0.2:1.5 molar ratio). Furthermore, antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b isotype antibodies were all induced. Association of BSA with the lipid vesicles was required for induction of a strong response, and >80% of the protein was internalized within most archaeosome types, suggesting efficient release of antigen in vivo. Encapsulation of ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme within archaeosomes showed similar immune responses. Antigen-archaeosome immunizations also induced a strong cell-mediated immune response: antigen-dependent proliferation and substantial production of cytokines gamma interferon (Th1) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (Th2) by spleen cells in vitro. In contrast, conventional liposomes induced little cell-mediated immunity, whereas alum stimulated only an IL-4 response. In contrast to alum and Freund's adjuvant, archaeosomes composed of Thermoplasma acidophilum lipids evoked a dramatic memory antibody response to the encapsulated protein (at approximately 300 days) after only two initial immunizations (days 0 and 14). This correlated with increased antigen-specific cell cycling of CD4(+) T cells: increase in synthetic (S) and mitotic (G(2)/M) and decrease in resting (G(1)) phases. Thus, archaeosomes may be potent vaccine carriers capable of facilitating strong primary and memory humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses to the entrapped antigen. (+info)Impaired affinity maturation in Cr2-/- mice is rescued by adjuvants without improvement in germinal center development. (7/209)
Cr2-/- mice have an impairment in humoral immunity, as shown by the decrease in the Ab titers against T cell-dependent Ags and abnormalities in germinal center formation. Germinal centers are present, but they are decreased in size and number, indicating problems in their development. In this study, we investigated whether this abnormality in germinal center development is associated with problems in the establishment of optimal affinity maturation and the generation of memory B cells, processes closely related to the germinal center reaction. We immunized the Cr2-/- animals with different Ags with or without adjuvants. We showed that, when immunized without adjuvants, complement receptors are absolutely required for optimal affinity maturation. Although limited affinity maturation is elicited in the Cr2-/- Ab response, it is decreased as compared with normal animals. Memory B cell generation is also impaired. In the presence of adjuvants, germinal center development in the Cr2-/- mice is still abnormal, as demonstrated by their decreased size and number. Surprisingly, adjuvants establish optimal affinity maturation and partially restore the amount of Ab produced during the primary response and memory B cell generation. However, adjuvants cannot improve the ability of follicular dendritic cells to retain Ags in the form of immune complexes. These observations indicate that immunization with inflammatory Ags offset some of the immunological abnormalities found in the Cr2-/- mice and show that optimal affinity maturation in the Cr2-/- mice can be achieved in the absence of normal germinal centers. (+info)Calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvant. (8/209)
Vaccination to protect against human infectious diseases may be enhanced by using adjuvants that can selectively stimulate immunoregulatory responses. In a murine model, a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant composed of calcium phosphate (CAP) was compared with the commonly used aluminum (alum) adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Results indicated that CAP was more potent as an adjuvant than alum, elicited little or no inflammation at the site of administration, induced high titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody and neutralizing antibody, and facilitated a high percentage of protection against HSV-2 infection. Additional benefits of CAP include (i) an insignificant IgE response, which is an important advantage over injection of alum compounds, and (ii) the fact that CAP is a natural constituent of the human body. Thus, CAP is very well tolerated and absorbed. These studies were performed with animal models. By virtue of the potency of this CAP adjuvant and the relative absence of side effects, we believe that this new CAP formulation has great potential for use as an adjuvant in humans. (+info)
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Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element
... alum' - compound substances with chemical structures containing aluminium; production technologies alum and areas of their ... Basic data on the structure of aluminium atoms; different compounds containing aluminium; chemical and physical properties; ...
E. R. Squibb
5, where a brief allusion appears under the appellation of Compound Alum Powder. Dr. F. R. Squibb, however, in a letter to the ...
Sequencing batch reactor
To remove phosphorus compounds from the liquor, aluminium sulfate (alum) is often added during this period. It reacts to form ... non-soluble compounds, which settle into the sludge in the next stage. The settling stage is usually the same length in time as ...
Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes
However, in the 19th century more effective chemical compounds were developed, and alum ceased to be a profitable mining ... Historically, alum was employed in a range of medicinal products, as a food preservative, to clarify water and to finish cloth ... In the first chamber, information is presented about the history of the mine - in the 16th to 19th centuries an alum shale mine ...
Immunologic adjuvant
Inorganic compounds: potassium alum, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide Oils: paraffin oil, ... A second mechanism depends on alum killing immune cells at the injection site although researchers aren't sure exactly how alum ... Alum can trigger dendritic cells and other immune cells to secrete Interleukin 1 beta (IL‑1β), an immune signal that promotes ... Alum was the first aluminium salt used for this purpose, but has been almost completely replaced by aluminium hydroxide and ...
Multiple isomorphous replacement
The alum compounds studied had the general formula A.B.(SO4)2.12H2O, where A was a monovalent metallic ion (NH4+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ ... Because the alum crystals were largely isomorphous when the heavy atoms were changed out, they could be phased by isomorphous ... replacement in crystallography came in 1927 with a paper reporting the x-ray crystal structures of a series of alum compounds ... The crystal structure of some of the alums". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4 ...
Baking powder
... a class of compounds involving double sulfates of aluminum. The use of various types of alum in medicines and dyes is mentioned ... Calcium compounds and aluminium compounds do not have that problem, though, since calcium compounds that deprotonate twice are ... Cooks also needed less alum-based baking powder to produce a comparable effect. As a result alum-based baking powders were ... However, the actual composition of alum was not determined until 1798, when Louis Vauquelin demonstrated that common alum is a ...
Keene's cement plaster
It is a calcined formulation of regular calcium sulfate plaster with an alum admixture. The compound gives a hard finish that ...
Little penguin
Let it remain in the sun till most of the fat is dried out of it, then rub with a compound of powdered alum, salt, and pepper ...
List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (A)
Alum (chemical compound) Alum-(K) (IMA2007 s.p., 1951, 77 CE) 7.CC.20 [282] [283] [284] (IUPAC: potassium aluminium disulfate ... dodecahydrate) Alum-(Na) (IMA2007 s.p., 1951, 77 CE) 7.CC.20 [285] [286] [287] (IUPAC: sodium aluminium disulfate dodecahydrate ...
Alam (disambiguation)
Alum, chemical compound This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Alam. If an internal link led you ...
List of MeSH codes (D01)
... alum compounds MeSH D01.875.800.800.850.050 - ammonium sulfate MeSH D01.875.800.800.850.075 - barium sulfate MeSH D01.875. ...
Chromium
Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in ... such as in chrome alum and alum. Chromium(III) tends to form octahedral complexes. Commercially available chromium(III) ... This red brown compound is stable at room temperature but decomposes spontaneously at 150-170 °C. Compounds of chromium(IV) are ... Such compounds are susceptible to disproportionation reactions and are not stable in water. Most chromium(I) compounds are ...
Aluminium sulfate
Related compounds. See Alum Supplementary data page Structure and. properties. Refractive index (n),. Dielectric constant (εr ... Aluminium sulfate is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name "alum" is more ... From alum schists[edit]. The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, ... "Compound Summary for CID 24850 - Aluminum Sulfate Anhydrous". PubChem.. *^ Ilje Pikaar; Keshab R. Sharma; Shihu Hu; Wolfgang ...
List of inorganic compounds
Potash Alum - K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3·24H2O ... Aluminium potassium sulfate - AlK(SO4)2 potassium alum. NH3/4[ ... Although most compounds are referred to by their IUPAC systematic names (following IUPAC nomenclature), "traditional" names ... Inorganic Molecules made thinkable, an interactive visualisation showing inorganic compounds for an array of common metal and ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_inorganic_compounds&oldid=907095066" ...
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
... or iron alum, is a double salt in the class of alums, which consists of compounds with the general formula AB(SO4)2 · 12 H2O. ... "On the Cause of the Amethyst Color of Ferric Alum and of Mixed Crystals of Ferric and Manganic Alum". Chem. Lab. Roy. Vet. Agr ... Bonnell, Jane; Philip Perman, Edgar (1921). "CCXXIX.-The colour of iron alum". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 119: 1994-1997. doi: ... with some ascribing it to impurities in the compound, and others claiming it to be a property of the crystal itself. FAS is ...
Alum Rock
... may refer to: Alum rock, specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds. Alum Rock, California, United ... California Alum Rock, Birmingham, an area in the United Kingdom, two miles east of Birmingham's city centre Alum Rock (ward) ... States, formerly a town, now a neighborhood of San Jose, California Alum Rock Park in San Jose, ...
Alum Bay
The sands are coloured due to oxidised iron compounds formed under different conditions. Alum Bay Chine begins as a small ... Alum Bay: Geology of the Isle of Wight. Internet site: www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Alum-Bay.htm. School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, ... It is possible that Alum Bay was once fed by a Chine by this name, which has long since eroded away. Alum Bay sand includes ... Sand Shop Archived 7 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Needles Park website The Alum in Alum Bay Archived 15 May 2008 at the ...
Potassium alum
The compound is the most important member of the generic class of compounds called alums, and is often called simply alum. ... Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum and alum manufactured by himself, confirming Vauquelin's results. Potassium alum ... Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and ... "alum , chemical compound". Britannica.com. Retrieved 18 January 2016. Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is Alum?". About.com. ...
Isomorphism (crystallography)
Alums, such as KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, are another series of isomorphous compounds, though there are three series of alums with ... form a series of isomorphous compounds which were important in the nineteenth century in establishing the correct atomic ...
Alum
An alum (/ˈæləm/) is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula ... The most important alums are Potassium alum, KAl(SO 4) 2·12H, also called "potash alum" or simply "alum". Sodium alum, NaAl(SO ... Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum and alum manufactured by himself, confirming Vauquelin's result. Some alums occur as ... Other alums are named after the monovalent ion, such as sodium alum and ammonium alum. The name "alum" is also used, more ...
Index of chemistry articles
... alicyclic compound aliphatic compound Alkali Alkali metal Alkaline earth alkane alkene Allingite allotrope Allotropy alloy Alum ... Chemical compounds are listed separately at list of organic compounds, list of inorganic compounds or list of biomolecules. ... of elements named after places List of inorganic compounds List of inorganic compounds by element List of organic compounds ... Octane Odd Hassel Oganesson ohm Olivine Opal Optical isomerism Organic chemistry organic compound Organic nomenclature Organic ...
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硫酸铝,有时又被称为造纸矾(Papermaker's Alum),是一种在工业上常被误称为矾的物质。 Although reference to this compound as alum is quite common in industrial ... Potassium alum is the common alum of commerce, although soda alum, ferric alum, and ammonium alum are manufactured. ... does not form alums, and there is only one known sodium alum. In some cases, solid solutions of alums occur. ... Alum is an ingredient in some recipes for homemade modeling compounds intended for use by
Ammonium alum
"Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007 ... also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white ... Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful laboratory reagent, but it is cheap and effective, ... Ammonium alum is made from aluminium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. It forms a solid solution with potassium ...
Potassium dichromate
The main use is as a precursor to potassium chrome alum, used in leather tanning. Like other chromium(VI) compounds (chromium ... As with other Cr(VI) compounds, potassium dichromate is carcinogenic. The compound is also corrosive and exposure may produce ... There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... Chromium VI and compounds fact sheet NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards IARC Monograph "Chromium and Chromium compounds" ...
Guillaume-François Rouelle
... such as the alums and vitriols (i.e., sulfates), that had been previously excluded. In order to incorporate this extended ... but also to an increasing ability to distinguish between sodium and potassium compounds, and to a generalization of the concept ...
Aluminium
... and in production of other aluminium compounds.[131] Two kinds of alum, ammonium alum and potassium alum, were formerly used as ... The nature of alum remained unknown. Around 1530, Swiss physician Paracelsus suggested alum was a salt of an earth of alum.[62] ... The word "alumina" comes from "alum", the mineral from which it was collected. The word "alum" comes from alumen, a Latin word ... The history of aluminium has been shaped by usage of alum. The first written record of alum, made by Greek historian Herodotus ...
Metal aquo complex
Hexaaquo complexes in the solid state Tutton's salts are crystalline compounds with the generic formula (NH4)2M(SO4)2·(H2O)6 (M ... V2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+). Alums, MM′(SO4)2(H2O)12, are also double salts. Both sets of salts contain hexaaquo ... Metal aquo complexes are coordination compounds containing metal ions with only water as a ligand. These complexes are the ... compounds. With chromium(VI) and manganese (VII) only oxyanions are known. Some reactions considereed fundamental to the ...
Alkali metal
Compounds with the group 13 elementsEdit. The intermetallic compounds of the alkali metals with the heavier group 13 elements ( ... which yields pure rubidium alum after approximately 30 recrystallisations.[190][191] The limited applications and the lack of a ... CompoundsEdit. The alkali metals form complete series of compounds with all usually encountered anions, which well illustrate ... Caesium compounds are rarely encountered by most people, but most caesium compounds are mildly toxic. Like rubidium, caesium ...
Senarai reka cipta pada zaman pertengahan Islam Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas
Aqua regia, alum, dan garam dan spirits merkuri: Dipisahkan oleh Geber.[8] ... Kochmann, W. (2004). "Nanowires in ancient Damascus steel". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 372: L15-L19. doi:10.1016/j. ... "Yemeni alum") dan (thalj al-Sīn, atau "salji China," oleh kerana umat Islam mendapatkan orenya dari China, di kalangan tempat ...
അലൂമിനിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Related compounds Other anions Aluminium fluoride. Aluminium bromide. Aluminium iodide Other cations Boron trichloride. Gallium ... Alums. *(NH4)Al(SO4)2. *KAl(SO4)2. *NaAl(SO4)2 ...
Aluminium nitride
Organoaluminium(III) compounds. *(Al(CH3)3)2. *(Al(C2H5)3)2 ... Alums. *(NH4)Al(SO4)2. *KAl(SO4)2. *NaAl(SO4)2 ...
Seafood
Most commercial crustaceans are decapods, that is they have ten legs, and have compound eyes set on stalks. Their shell turns ... The umbrella and oral arms are then treated with a mixture of table salt and alum, and compressed. Processing reduces ... a highly toxic organic compound of mercury. Species of fish that are high on the food chain, such as shark, swordfish, king ...
Eutrophication
Toxic compounds can make their way up the food chain, resulting in animal mortality.[31] Freshwater algal blooms can pose a ... alum, aluminium sulfate,[65]) minerals, natural clays and local soils, industrial waste products, modified clays (e.g. ... Elevated levels of atmospheric compounds of nitrogen can increase nitrogen availability. Phosphorus is often regarded as the ... because plants have high nitrogen requirements so that additions of nitrogen compounds will stimulate plant growth. Nitrogen is ...
Ammonium aluminium sulfate
... , also known as ammonium alum or just alum, is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered ... "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007 ... "Alum", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Ithaca, NY: Columbia University Press, 2004, retrieved 2009-11-23. . ... Ammonium alum is made from aluminium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. It forms a solid solution with potassium ...
Antoine Lavoisier Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas
"Experiments on the Combustion of Alum with Phlogistic Substances, and on the Changes effected on Air in which the Pyrophorus ... Who was the first to classify materials as "compounds"? - Fred Senese. *Cornell University's Lavoisier collection ...
Water purification
... adsorbs many compounds including many toxic compounds. Water passing through activated carbon is commonly used in municipal ... The addition of inorganic coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (or alum) or iron (III) salts such as iron(III) chloride cause ... with respect to perchlorate and chloride compounds, has seen success as perchlorate compounds are highly soluble making it ... Iron (III) hydroxides can form over a larger pH range including pH levels lower than are effective for alum, typically: 5.0 to ...
Marine shrimp farming
Such problems were compounded by poor ecological practices that caused a degradation of common resources (such as excessive use ... "The use of lime, gypsum, alum and potassium permanganate in water quality management" (PDF). Aquaculture Asia. 2 (2): 12-14. ...
Chromium
radius 50 pm), and they can replace each other in some compounds, such as in chrome alum and alum. ... Because chromium compounds were used in dyes, paints, and leather tanning compounds, these compounds are often found in soil ... Uses of compoundsEdit. *Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO2) is a magnetic compound. Its ideal shape anisotropy, which imparts high ... Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in ...
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Seven vitriols (AL-ZAJAT) : alum (al-shabb الشب), and white (qalqadis القلقديس), black, red (suri السوري), and yellow (qulqutar ... He also discovered numerous compounds and chemicals including alcohol and sulfuric acid.[12][13] ... Gilding and silvering of other metals (alum, calcium salts, iron, copper, and tutty) are also described, as well as how colors ...
Klor bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
... and alum: dry each and combine simultaneously; distill off the water [i.e., liquid]. That [distillate] is nothing else than ... as it appears to us that they are still better explained by regarding oxygenated muriatic acid as a compound body.") For a full ...
Baopuzi
In the compounding, no fire is required. All that needs to be done is to have the mixture in a Hua Ch'ih (Flower Pond) for the ... and alum; Ware 1966:273) and huizhi 灰汁 "limewater". The description of one process deserves special discussion, for it ... The compounding of the Gold Fluid is much easier. There the only thing which is difficult is to get the gold. One pound in the ... Furthermore, in the compounding of the medicines, the fires should be tended for tens of days and nights with industrious ...
Jahn-Teller effect
In such compounds the eg orbitals involved in the degeneracy point directly at the ligands, so distortion can result in a large ... Van Vleck, J. H. (1939). "On the Magnetic Behavior of Vanadium, Titanium and Chrome Alum". J. Chem. Phys. 7 (1): 61-71. Bibcode ... Cs3C60 can be superconducting at temperatures up to 38K under applied pressure,[35] whereas compounds of the form A4C60 are ... Kanamori, J. (1960). "Crystal Distortion in Magnetic Compounds". J. Appl. Phys. 31 (5): S14-S23. Bibcode:1960JAP....31S..14K. ...
Aluminium sulfate
Related compounds. See Alum Supplementary data page Structure and. properties. Refractive index (n),. Dielectric constant (εr ... Aluminium sulfate is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name "alum" is more ... The product can be applied as a granular product or as "Liquid Alum" which is water + dissolved ALum (48.6% Alum dry basis). pH ... From alum schistsEdit. The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, aluminium ...
Great Smoky Mountains
This fog is caused by the vegetation exhaling volatile organic compounds, chemicals that have a high vapor pressure and easily ... and a peregrine falcon eyrie is known to have existed near Alum Cave Bluffs throughout the 1930s.[33] Red-tailed hawks, the ...
Chester French
They took on jobs at Harvard's Quad Studios, where R&B producer and fellow Harvard Alum Ryan Leslie also got his start.[6] ... "Out At The Compound," their yet-to-be-released remix of Lady Gaga's "Love Game" and "What A World," the Common song produced by ...
Kromium bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
... dan mereka dapat saling menggantikan dalam beberapa senyawa seperti dalam krom alum dan alum. Jika sejumlah renik Cr3+ ... Methods to Develop Inhalation Cancer Risk Estimates for Chromium and Nickel Compounds. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. ... Alum krom adalah kromium(III) kalium sulfat dan digunakan sebagai mordan (yaitu zat fiksasi) untuk pewarna kain dan penyamakan. ... 2005), "Chromium Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_067 ...
Rubidium
... compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color.[38] Rubidium has also been considered for use ... The fractional crystallization of a rubidium and caesium alum (Cs,Rb)Al(SO4)2·12H2O yields after 30 subsequent steps pure ... Chemical compound. Precautions and biological effects[edit]. Rubidium reacts violently with water and can cause fires. To ... 2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed ...
Aluminium hydroxide
Precursor to Al compoundsEdit. Aluminium hydroxide is a feedstock for the manufacture of other aluminium compounds: speciality ... Aluminium hydroxide is sometimes called "alum", a term generally reserved for one of several sulfates.[citation needed] ... This compound is also used to control hyperphosphatemia (elevated phosphate, or phosphorus, levels in the blood) in people and ... These compounds together are the major components of the aluminium ore bauxite. ...
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
New elements and compoundsEdit. In addition to his joint recognition for the discovery of oxygen, Scheele is argued to have ... Silica, Alumina, and Alum. *Urinary Calculi. *(1777) Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire ... While Scheele's experiments generated substances which have long since been found to be hazardous, the compounds and elements ... as well as several chemical compounds, including citric acid,[11] lactic acid,[12] glycerol,[13] hydrogen cyanide (also known, ...
Chlorine
About 15000 chlorine-containing compounds are commercially traded, including such diverse compounds as chlorinated methanes and ... and alum: dry each and combine simultaneously; distill off the water [i.e., liquid]. That [distillate] is nothing else than ... Chemistry and compounds. Halogen bond energies (kJ/mol)[30] X XX HX BX3 AlX3 CX4 ... and related compounds. Chlorine adds to the multiple bonds on alkenes and alkynes as well, giving di- or tetra-chloro compounds ...
Lead poisoning
... but such compounds are still used in industrial settings.[20] Organic lead compounds, which cross the skin and respiratory ... "Alum Wins Investigative Reporting Award with Post Team". University of Maryland. February 25, 2005. Archived from the original ... Some lead compounds are colorful and are used widely in paints,[93] and lead paint is a major route of lead exposure in ... Grant, L.D. (2009). "Lead and compounds". In Lippmann, M. Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects ( ...
Staining
Electron-dense compounds of heavy metals are typically used.. Phosphotungstic acid[edit]. Phosphotungstic acid is a common ... Carmine is an intensely red dye used to stain glycogen, while Carmine alum is a nuclear stain. Carmine stains require the use ... The other eosin compound is eosin B (eosin bluish or imperial red); it has a very faint bluish cast. The two dyes are ... Hoechst is a bis-benzimidazole derivative compound that binds to the minor groove of DNA. Often used in fluorescence microscopy ...
Sulfate
Major compounds include: *Gypsum, the natural mineral form of hydrated calcium sulfate, is used to produce plaster. About 100 ... Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K2Al2(SO4)4·24H2O, figured in the development of the ... Organic sulfate esters, such as dimethyl sulfate, are covalent compounds and esters of sulfuric acid. The tetrahedral molecular ... However, the bonding representation of Pauling for sulfate and other main group compounds with oxygen is still a common way of ...
Category:Alum - Wikimedia Commons
... chemical compound (en) alumbres (es); 白礬, Alum (yue); ကျောက်ချဥ် (my); Kalialun, Alumen, Aluminiumkaliumsulfat, E 522, ... alum (ca); Alaun (de); زاج (fa); สารส้ม (th); 矾 (zh-hans); alum (sco) composto chimico (it); terme générique désignant les ... Media in category "Alum". The following 38 files are in this category, out of 38 total. ... Sandsend Alum Workings - geograph.org.uk - 218000.jpg 640 × 480; 95 KB. ...
alum facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about alum
Make research projects and school reports about alum easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... or potash alum, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O, a colorless-to-white, crystalline compound. It is used in water purification, leather tanning ... alum (ăl´əm), any one of a series of isomorphous double salts that are hydrated sulfates of a univalent cation (e.g., potassium ... Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, is also called alum. A pseudoalum is a double sulfate salt of a divalent cation (e.g., ...
Alphabetical Browse | Britannica
potash alum (chemical compound). alum: …aluminum sulfate, also known as potassium alum or potash alum, has a molecular formula ... potassium alum (chemical compound). alum: …aluminum sulfate, also known as potassium alum or potash alum, has a molecular ... potassium hexachloroplatinate (chemical compound). coordination compound: History of coordination compounds: …of a sparingly ... potassium cyanoaurate (chemical compound). gold: Compounds: Potassium cyanoaurate, K[Au(CN)2], is the basis for most gold- ...
Evaluation of a high IgE-responder mouse model of allergy to bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG): development of sandwich...
GAD65: a prospective vaccine for treating Type 1 diabetes?
Alum Compounds / chemistry * Clinical Trials as Topic * Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / immunology ... Expert opinion: GAD-alum treatment is safe, tolerable and easy for the patients and healthcare. It seems probable that ... Areas covered: In this review the author reviews the literature and registered ongoing trials using GAD-alum put in relation to ... Keywords: GAD65-alum; Type 1 diabetes; children; combination therapy; immune intervention; intra-lymphatic treatment; ...
Recalcitrant cicatrizing conjunctivitis. Treatment of nine patients with rituximab.
Alum - The Full Wiki
Alum (pronounced /ˈæləm/) is both a specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds. The specific compound is the ... Potassium alum is the common alum of commerce, although soda alum, ferric alum, and ammonium alum are manufactured. ... Soon after, J.A. Chaptal published the analysis of four different kinds of alum, namely, Roman alum, Levant alum, British alum ... Alum solubility. The solubility of the various alums in water varies greatly, sodium alum being readily soluble in water, while ...
Patent US4440649 - Well drilling and completion fluid composition - Google Patents
Process for producing purified cesium compound from cesium alum. US6017856 *. Dec 4, 1998. Jan 25, 2000. Verdugt B.V.. Well ... The anionic portions of the compounds are non-reactive with clays, are non-toxic and do not form insoluble compounds with ... Process for producing a predetermined cesium compound. US6484821 *. Nov 10, 2000. Nov 26, 2002. M-I L.L.C.. Shale hydration ... Other potassium compounds such as potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate have been utilized in well treatment fluids, ...
Aluminum alloys facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Aluminum alloys
Aluminum was named for one its most important compounds, alum. Alum is a compound of potassium, aluminum, sulfur, and oxygen. ... No one is sure when alum was first used by humans. The ancient Greeks and Romans were familiar with the compound alum. It was ... Aluminum was named for one of its most important compounds, alum, a compound of potassium, aluminum, sulfur, and oxygen. The ... formation on the type of magnesia, potassa, soda for the earth of alum, aluminium oxide. f. L. alūmen, alūmin- ALUM.. So ...
Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element - Wikipedia
Dual Diaphragm Pump & Chemical Feed Sensor | WWD
Alum is a chemical compound. It is a hydrated double sulfate of aluminum and potassium used to remove turbidity. When used ... However, there had been concern that the amount of pressure needed to inject the alum is too high for use with M-3 peristaltic ... In addition, by installing the feed sensor, Suez can quickly verify the exact amount of alum injected into the application, and ... Suez Water Treatment Plant in Toms River needed to precisely meter a low concentration of alum at a high pressure. ...
Military Toxins, Autoimmune Disorders, The Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) and the Aluminum Adjuvant Vaccine Connection - Global...
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to ... the sole factor that can solubilize alum particles. Brain translocation of alum particles is linked to a Trojan horse mechanism ... Biopersistence of alum may be linked to its lysosome-destabilizing effect, which is likely due to direct crystal-induced ... To examine whether these compounds might contribute to neuronal deficits associated with GWI, an animal model for examining the ...
Reitech Corporation - Covering the Printing Inks, Coatings and Allied Industries - Ink World
Gallium (Element) | Infoplease
Patent US4251626 - Silver halide photographic materials containing gelatin reactive antistatic ... - Google Patents
... and inorganic compounds such as chromium alum, chromium acetate, etc.. Depending on the number of amino groups in the gelatin ... Compound (11) (invention) A A26 Compound (14) (invention) A A27 Compound A (comparison) A D28 Compound B (comparison) A D29 ... Compound (11) (invention) A A35 Compound (14) (invention) A A36 Compound A (comparison) A D37 Compound B (comparison) A D38 ... Compound (4) (invention) A A15 Compound (8) (invention) A B16 Compound (13) (invention) A A17 Compound A (comparison) B D18 ...
E. R. Squibb - Wikipedia
List of inorganic compounds - Wikipedia
Potash Alum - K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3·24H2O ... Aluminium potassium sulfate - AlK(SO4)2 potassium alum. NH3/4[ ... Although most compounds are referred to by their IUPAC systematic names (following IUPAC nomenclature), "traditional" names ... Inorganic Molecules made thinkable, an interactive visualisation showing inorganic compounds for an array of common metal and ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_inorganic_compounds&oldid=907095066" ...
Spicey Pickled Dogs or Homemade Bahama Mama's: 4 Steps
Preparation Of Filtering Or Clarifying Powders Or Compounds
The best known remedies for these purposes are, calcined alum and m... ... A clarifying powder or compound is employed for separating and precipitating the resinous matter of essential oils or essences ... Alum and magnesia appear frequently combined as " Double Clarifying Powder or Compound". Finely powdered calcined alum has an ... Calcined alum is prepared by melting the commercial alum; it loses thereby its water of crystallization, expands, and then ...
Alum - definition of alum by The Free Dictionary
alum synonyms, alum pronunciation, alum translation, English dictionary definition of alum. n. Any of various double sulfates ... alum. (ˈæləm) n. 1. (Elements & Compounds) Also called: potash alum a colourless soluble hydrated double sulphate of aluminium ... alum - a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the ammonium double sulfate of aluminum. ammonia alum, ammonium alum ... alum - a white crystalline double sulfate of aluminum: the potassium double sulfate of aluminum. potash alum, potassium alum ...
Lab #3 - Recycling Aluminum - Results and Discussion Aluminum was converted into alum Alum is a name for a group of compounds...
Alum is a name for a group of compounds with the general ... Results and Discussion: Aluminum was converted into alum. ... Results and Discussion: Aluminum was converted into alum. Alum is a name for a group of compounds with the general formula MM( ... In this experiment the alum was specifically potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 . 12H 2 O). 1. 50ml of KOH ... This is due to the fact that when the alum was massed there was still a lot of ...
MATH 1105 : College Algebra - Palm Beach Community College
Ayyubid dynasty: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article
Effect of Incorporation of Mahua Extract, Fining Agent and Ageing on the Quality Characteristics of Red Wine | SpringerLink
Potassium alum - DrugBank
Potassium alum is formed by large, transparent crystals that are used in different products like food or drugs as a buffer, ... Potassium alum is considered by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance.It is an inorganic salt, also called ... Inorganic compounds. Super Class. Mixed metal/non-metal compounds. Class. Post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds. Sub Class ... What is alum? [Link] External Links. PubChem Compound. 24856. PubChem Substance. 310265014. ChemSpider. 23239. ChEBI. 86463. ...
Aluminum | Toxic Substances | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
... as alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. They are also found in consumer products such as ... Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, ... Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, as ... alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. They are also found in consumer products such as ...
Aluminum | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Dye Like a Natural: Chemistry & Color Science Activity | Exploratorium Teacher Institute Project
Dyes are typically organic compounds that contain double bonds where electrons can be delocalized, such as a benzene ring or ... One or more mordants-copper sulfate, tin(II) chloride, alum (available in grocery stores), or any other polyvalent metal ... Aluminum: 2g alum and 1g cream of tartar in 100 ml water ...
What is a pseudo aneurysm?
In Elements and Compounds What is pseudo alum? A pseudo alum is a double sulfate of the typical formula ASO4·B2(SO4)3·22H2O, ... i.e. class of alums in which the usual monovalent metal of a true alum is replaced by a bivalent metal ... halotrichite or feather alum), and B is a trivalent metal ion. ...
Synthesis of a Coordination Compound: PASCO
Use a series of reactions to synthesize a coordination compound, potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (alum), and calculate ... Students synthesize a coordination compound, potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (alum), and calculate the theoretical and ... Home / Products / Lab Manuals / College Chemistry Instructor Guide / Synthesis of a Coordination Compound ... Carrying out a series of reactions that result in the synthesis of alum. ...
Potash13
- The name alum commonly refers to potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, or potash alum, KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O, a colorless-to-white, crystalline compound. (encyclopedia.com)
- Potash, various potassium compounds, chiefly crude potassium carbonate. (britannica.com)
- alum: …aluminum sulfate, also known as potassium alum or potash alum, has a molecular formula of K2(SO4)·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O or KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. (britannica.com)
- potash alum a colourless soluble hydrated double sulphate of aluminium and potassium used in the manufacture of mordants and pigments, in dressing leather and sizing paper, and in medicine as a styptic and astringent. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aluminum potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt that has several names such as aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, potash alum, potassium alum, and kalinite. (naturalpedia.com)
- The chemical compound can be mined and purified to acquire potash alum, where the minerals are available. (naturalpedia.com)
- Potash alum is also used in the paper-making industry. (naturalpedia.com)
- It is also known as aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, potash alum, potassium alum, and kalinite. (naturalpedia.com)
- In vitro antimicrobial activity of potash alum. (bvsalud.org)
- This study reports the bactericidal activity of potash alum when added to water , against various epidemic causing enteric pathogens like Vibrio cholerae 01, V. cholerae 0139 and Shigella dysenteriae 1 by lowering the pH of water (from 6.0 to 4.0). (bvsalud.org)
- Growth of the enteric pathogens was monitored in vitro by inoculating broth cultures of the different organisms in distilled water containing increasing concentrations of potash alum and quantitatively determining the concentration of viable organisms over a 48 h period by the standard plate count method . (bvsalud.org)
- Controls constituted cultures of each organism grown in the absence of potash alum . (bvsalud.org)
- Potash alum was found to inhibit growth (10(5) viable count per ml) of most of the organisms examined, particularly V. cholerae 01 and V. cholerae 0139 in a dose dependent fashion. (bvsalud.org)
Baking powder1
- Sodium aluminum sulfate, or soda alum, NaAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O, is also used in baking powder. (encyclopedia.com)
Salts4
- To date, the only adjuvants licensed for use in human vaccines are compounds of alum - complex salts of aluminum. (bioworld.com)
- This mineral salts (Alum) fights with the bacteria that cause the odor. (iherb.com)
- While sindoor was the ancient name given to the very toxic, red, mercury oxide, as a cosmetic its most common base is turmeric powder which becomes red when mixed with lime juice or lime powder (calcium compound), moistened in water, or with alum, iodine and camphor, or with oil and sea shell powder (calcium salts), or aguru, chandan and kasturi. (hinduismtoday.com)
- Alum is made up of a variety of mineral salts which, when combined, form an entirely new mineral compound. (healthy.co.nz)
Adjuvant9
- The main functions of potassium alum in drugs are as an astringent, antiseptic or adjuvant agent. (drugbank.ca)
- Pulendran says for almost a century, scientists relied on a compound called alum to act as an adjuvant. (wunc.org)
- As an adjuvant it may elicit stronger antibody and cellular responses than alum. (bioworld.com)
- Many molecules have been considered for use as an adjuvant, including mineral compounds (e.g. (immunology.org)
- Authors: Romain Kroum Gherardi*, Housam Eidi, Guillemette Crépeaux, François Jerome Authier and Josette Cadusseau Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. (sanevax.org)
- Alum has been used as an adjuvant to increase the efficacy of vaccines since the 1920s. (wikipedia.org)
- A number of carbohydrate compounds from plant, bacterial, yeast and synthetic sources have emerged as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates. (nih.gov)
- Above all, the Holy Grail of human adjuvant development is to identify a compound that combines potent vaccine enhancement with maximum tolerability and safety. (nih.gov)
- Metabolic Profiling and Compound-Class Identification Reveal Alterations in Serum Triglyceride Levels in Mice Immunized with Human Vaccine Adjuvant Alum. (gu.se)
Sulfate25
- Ammonium aluminum sulfate, or ammonia alum, NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O, is used in tanning, in dyeing and fireproofing textiles, in vegetable glues and porcelain cements, and in water purification. (encyclopedia.com)
- Chromium potassium sulfate, or chrome alum, KCr(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O, is used as a mordant in dyeing, in tanning, and in photographic fixing baths to harden gelatin films and plates. (encyclopedia.com)
- Aluminum sulfate, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, is also called alum. (encyclopedia.com)
- a colorless astringent compound, AlK(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, a hydrated double sulfate of aluminum and potassium, used in solution medicinally and in dyeing and tanning. (encyclopedia.com)
- Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. (bioportfolio.com)
- Aluminium sulfate is sometimes called alum in informal contexts, but this usage is not regarded as technically correct. (thefullwiki.org)
- A pseudo alum is a double sulfate of the typical formula ASO4·B2(SO4)3·22H2O, where A is a divalent metal ion, such as cobalt (wupatkiite), manganese (apjohnite), magn … esium (pickingerite) or iron (halotrichite or feather alum), and B is a trivalent metal ion. (answers.com)
- Use a series of reactions to synthesize a coordination compound, potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (alum), and calculate the theoretical and percent yields. (pasco.com)
- Students synthesize a coordination compound, potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (alum), and calculate the theoretical and percent yields. (pasco.com)
- It belongs to the family of compounds known as the alums, which refers to a double salt that consists of aluminum, the sulfate group (SO 4 ), and one other metal. (naturalpedia.com)
- Other compounds that belong to alums include aluminum ammonium sulfate and aluminum sodium sulfate. (naturalpedia.com)
- On the other hand, if the minerals are not available, the chemical compound can be produced synthetically by mixing together aqueous aluminum sulfate with aqueous potassium sulfate. (naturalpedia.com)
- These two compounds react with each other in solution to form the aluminum potassium sulfate that can be extracted through allowing the solutions to evaporate and and crystallize. (naturalpedia.com)
- The body organs that can be harmed by aluminum potassium sulfate are minimal - negative effects to the body are mostly due to contact with the chemical compound. (naturalpedia.com)
- Aluminum potassium sulfate is a chemical compound that is odorless and crystallized. (naturalpedia.com)
- Aluminum is a metal that makes up 8% of the planet's crust in a compound called alum or potassium aluminum sulfate. (workawesome.com)
- A chemical compound, potassium aluminum sulfate that was once used for pickling to add crispness. (gourmetsleuth.com)
- Aluminum Sulfate(Alum) is a widely-used and versatile industrial chemical, playing an important role in the production of many essentials seen and used every day in the home and industry. (rohloff-hls.de)
- Aluminum Sulfate- The Chemical Company.Description.Aluminum sulfateis a water-soluble, odorless, white crystalline compound with the chemical formula Al 2 (SO 4) 3 and CAS 10043-01-3. (rohloff-hls.de)
- Alum is a natural crystal made up of the hydrated double sulfate salt compound of potassium and potassium aluminum sulfate. (energybalance.com)
- That means that alum contains a natural aluminum sulfate compound, which, however, is not harmful like aluminum chloride. (energybalance.com)
- The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, aluminium silicate and various bituminous substances, and are found in upper Bavaria, Bohemia, Belgium, and Scotland. (skrineperfekt.cz)
- Aluminum Sulfate: Formula, Properties and Uses He aluminum sulfate Is a chemical compound of formula 2 (SO4) 3 Prone to hydrolyzing. (skrineperfekt.cz)
- Alum is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium. (zdravnitza.com)
- Alum, a potassium or aluminum sulfate, is the most important mordant. (reason.com)
Ferric alum1
- Potassium alum is the common alum of commerce, although soda alum , ferric alum , and ammonium alum are manufactured. (thefullwiki.org)
Substances1
- It is a naturally occurring compound and one of the most abundant substances on earth, just behind oxygen and silicon. (beautynaturals.com)
Dodecahydrate2
- Potassium alum is found in its dodecahydrate form that produces a very large molecule. (drugbank.ca)
- This chemical compound occurs in the form of the dodecahydrate, which means that each molecule of the compound is linked with twelve molecules of water. (naturalpedia.com)
Alumina2
- In the mid-1700s, German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709-82) claimed to have found a new " earth " called alumina in alum. (encyclopedia.com)
- Aluminum compounds have many different uses, for example, as alums in water-treatment and alumina in abrasives and furnace linings. (cdc.gov)
Sulfates2
- [ citation needed ] From the name schistos, and the mode of formation, it appears that this species was the salt which forms spontaneously on certain salty minerals, as alum slate and bituminous shale , and which consists chiefly of sulfates of iron and aluminium. (thefullwiki.org)
- Native alumen from Melos appears to have been a mixture mainly of alunogen (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .17H 2 O) with alum and other minor sulfates [ 4 ] . (thefullwiki.org)
Astringent1
- These early people used alum as an astringent and as a mordant. (encyclopedia.com)
Chemical14
- Alum (pronounced /ˈæləm/ ) is both a specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds. (thefullwiki.org)
- Alum is a chemical compound. (wwdmag.com)
- The chemical properties of alum we described at length, also its application for the purification of water , in Part First . (chestofbooks.com)
- The chemical compound is also used as a food additive to control the acidity of a product, in manufacturing matches, for waterproofing of fabrics, tanning of leather, to add hardness and toughness to cement, and in the production of fireworks. (naturalpedia.com)
- Aluminum alloy is a chemical compound consisting of other elements to increase its strength and durability. (workawesome.com)
- In this experiment we will perform a series of chemical reactions which lead to the synthesis of the ionic compound potassium alum. (wardsci.com)
- In chemistry, a compound is a substance created when atoms from chemical elements join together. (vocabulary.com)
- Aluminum chloride is a chemical compound that is used primarily in making aluminum metal, but it has other uses, as well. (skrineperfekt.cz)
- The money pays for chlorine and alum (the latter is a chemical compound used since Roman times to purify water), pump operators like Ms Nansubuga, who get 10% of sales, and contributes to a savings account designed to provide maintenance for the next 20 years. (pulitzercenter.org)
- Conversely, topoisomerase inhibitors are chemical compounds that induce strand breaks. (thevarsity.ca)
- Its use as a tanning chemical has largely been superseded by chrome alum and other agents. (sciencemadness.org)
- Compounded is a game about building chemical compounds through careful management of elements, a fair bit of social play and trading, and just a bit of luck. (kickstarter.com)
- By the Middle Ages, alum mining, production, and trade were big businesses-the first international chemical industry. (reason.com)
- A chemical compound commonly used in water purification. (watercorporation.com.au)
Sodium1
- For example, unlike the other alkali metals the smallest one, lithium , does not form alums, and there is only one known sodium alum. (thefullwiki.org)
Trivalent1
- 2. (Elements & Compounds) any of a group of isomorphic double sulphates of a monovalent metal or group and a trivalent metal. (thefreedictionary.com)
Crystals3
- Potassium alum is formed by large, transparent crystals that are used in different products like food or drugs as a buffer, neutralizing or forming agent. (drugbank.ca)
- 2. To introduce the lesson, display the crystals you have grown, along with saucers or petri dishes of salt, sugar, and alum granules. (iit.edu)
- Alum) is an inorganic salt with white, odorless and sweet tasted crystals that are soluble in water and insoluble in most organic solvents. (rohloff-hls.de)
Chemistry2
- Chemistry therefore examines the conditions and general laws of the interactions of elements and compounds. (google.co.in)
- Remember, backers who pledge for a copy of Compounded (CHEMISTRY 101 pledge level and above) receive ALL stretch goals - so pledge early and rest easy in knowing you'll never have to upgrade your pledge to get more goodies. (kickstarter.com)
Amount of alum2
- In addition, by installing the feed sensor, Suez can quickly verify the exact amount of alum injected into the application, and that information is automatically sent to the SCADA system. (wwdmag.com)
- At present, a new type of polymer coagulant, poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) is widely used for coagulation and sedimentation in water supply plants locally and internationally, and produce a large amount of alum sludge every year. (iwaponline.com)
Crystal of alum1
- As a test, make up an aluminum solution by adding a piece of styptic pencil or a crystal of alum to a tumbler of water. (modernmechanix.com)
Adjuvants4
- Chemically, the adjuvants are a highly heterogenous group of compounds with only one thing in common: their ability to enhance the immune response - their adjuvanticity. (inoz.com)
- Adjuvants, molecules that can enhance and/or regulate the fundamental immunogenicity of an antigen, comprise a wide range of diverse compounds. (hindawi.com)
- To this day, alum-based adjuvants, alone or combined with additional immune activators, remain the only adjuvants approved for use in the USA. (nih.gov)
- Carbohydrates are readily biodegradable and therefore unlikely to cause problems of long-term tissue deposits seen with alum adjuvants. (nih.gov)
Alunite2
- They certainly knew how to produce alum from alunite , as this process is archaeologically attested on the island Lesbos [ 3 ] . (thefullwiki.org)
- The typical alum operation mined alunite, a mineral found in volcanic areas, then heated the rocks in a kiln and repeatedly poured water over them until they formed a paste. (reason.com)
Alumnus1
- For the colloquial term "alum" meaning "graduate", see Alumnus . (thefullwiki.org)
Chemists2
- Over time, chemists gradually began to realize that alum might contain a new element. (encyclopedia.com)
- However, it was not until the 19th century that chemists recognized that alum was a variety of compounds of alum. (naturalpedia.com)
Vaccines3
- 1993) showed that the antitoxin response to tetanus and diphtheria was increased by injection of these vaccines, together with other compounds such as agar, tapioca, lecithin, starch oil, saponin or even breadcrumbs. (inoz.com)
- Aluminum compounds like powder and salt are also used in medicine to treat ulcers, kidney infections, and in various vaccines. (workawesome.com)
- Despite its long record of successful use in human vaccines, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of alum are not fully understood. (qub.ac.uk)
Chloride1
- Alum sludge is the sludge discharged from a sedimentation tank in a drinking water treatment plant when polymerized with poly-aluminum chloride (PAC). (iwaponline.com)
Soluble1
- it loses thereby its water of crystallization, expands, and then crystallizes as a white, light and porous mass, which is called calcined alum, and is but slowly and with difficulty soluble in water. (chestofbooks.com)
Organic4
- Other bromine compounds of significance include hydrogen bromide (HBr), a colourless gas used as a reducing agent and a catalyst in organic reactions. (britannica.com)
- Dyes are typically organic compounds that contain double bonds where electrons can be delocalized, such as a benzene ring or nitro group, called chromophores . (exploratorium.edu)
- Due to controversial discussions concerning deodorants containing alum, EnergyBalance decided to make organic deodorants that do not contain crystal alum. (energybalance.com)
- Activated Carbon - A form of elemental carbon whose particles have large surface area with adsorptive qualities, primarily used to remove chlorine, objectionable tastes and odors and numerous toxic organic compounds from water. (femyers.com)
Atoms1
- Not much was done to advance the applications of the 274 atomic theory, after Newton, until in the early years of the present century Dalton made a serious attempt to determine the conditions under which the atoms of elementary bodies unite to form the atoms of compound bodies. (google.co.in)
Crispness1
- Alum powder, found in the spice section of many grocery stores, may be used in pickling recipes as a preservative to maintain fruit and vegetable crispness. (wikipedia.org)
Naturally1
- Aluminum occurs naturally only in compounds, never as a pure metal. (encyclopedia.com)
Substitutes1
- The western desert of Egypt was a major source of alum substitutes in antiquity. (thefullwiki.org)
Immune3
- Applied to the humoral response in mice sensitized with BLG adsorbed on alum, these assays proved to be a very useful tool for monitoring high IgE-responder mice following BLG immunization, and for an immunotherapy directed at polarizing the immune response. (nih.gov)
- Areas covered: In this review the author reviews the literature and registered ongoing trials using GAD-alum put in relation to the high number of published different immune interventions. (nih.gov)
- However, the contribution of IL-1 to alum-induced innate and adaptive immune responses is controversial and the role of IL-1α following alum injection has not been addressed. (qub.ac.uk)
Alumen1
- The alumen of the ancients, then, was not always the same as the alum of the moderns. (thefullwiki.org)
Ions1
- The formation of alum ions neutralize the charges on plasma proteins, causing the blood to coagulate. (drugbank.ca)