The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). It is derived from the 7SL RNA component of the SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE and contains an RNA polymerase III promoter. Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases.
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. They also have an open reading frame that is related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses but they do not contain LTRs (long terminal repeats). Copies of the LINE 1 (L1) family form about 15% of the human genome. The jockey elements of Drosophila are LINEs.
Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. The primate Alu (ALU ELEMENTS) and the rodent B1 SINEs are derived from 7SL RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle. Most other SINEs are derived from tRNAs including the MIRs (mammalian-wide interspersed repeats).
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.
A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of the following five families: CHEIROGALEIDAE; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; LEMURIDAE; and LORISIDAE.
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.
The region of DNA which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.
Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).
Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.
The family of Old World monkeys and baboons consisting of two subfamilies: CERCOPITHECINAE and COLOBINAE. They are found in Africa and part of Asia.
Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.
Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.
Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.
Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 17 in the region 17q11.2. Mutation of these genes is thought to cause NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, Watson syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome.
This single species of Gorilla, which is a member of the HOMINIDAE family, is the largest and most powerful of the PRIMATES. It is distributed in isolated scattered populations throughout forests of equatorial Africa.
Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.
The asymmetrical segregation of genes during replication which leads to the production of non-reciprocal recombinant strands and the apparent conversion of one allele into another. Thus, e.g., the meiotic products of an Aa individual may be AAAa or aaaA instead of AAaa, i.e., the A allele has been converted into the a allele or vice versa.
A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.
A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Areas of increased density of the dinucleotide sequence cytosine--phosphate diester--guanine. They form stretches of DNA several hundred to several thousand base pairs long. In humans there are about 45,000 CpG islands, mostly found at the 5' ends of genes. They are unmethylated except for those on the inactive X chromosome and some associated with imprinted genes.
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.
A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.
A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Hereditary desmoid disease in a family with a germline Alu I repeat mutation of the APC gene. (1/466)

Two families with autosomal dominantly inherited desmoid tumors have recently been shown to have germline mutations at the 3' end of the APC gene. We subsequently identified an Amish family with autosomal dominantly inherited desmoid tumors. Genetic analysis performed on one family member, a 47-year-old man with multiple desmoid tumors and no colon polyps, revealed a protein truncating mutation in the middle of the APC gene. The truncating mutation is the result of a 337-bp insertion of an Alu I sequence into codon 1526 of the APC gene. The presence of a poly(A) tail at the 3' end of the insertion suggests that the Alu I sequence was inserted by a retrotranspositional event. Germline insertions of Alu I sequences have occasionally been reported to cause other genetic diseases including type I neurofibromatosis, hereditary site-specific breast cancer (BRCA2), and hemophilia B. However, this is the first report of a germline mutation of the APC gene resulting from an Alu I insertion.  (+info)

A novel human DNA-binding protein with sequence similarity to a subfamily of redox proteins which is able to repress RNA-polymerase-III-driven transcription of the Alu-family retroposons in vitro. (2/466)

In this study we identified a novel protein which may contribute to the transcriptional inactivity of Alu retroposons in vivo. A human cDNA clone encoding this protein (ACR1) was isolated from a human expression library using South-western screening with an Alu subfragment, implicated in the regulation of Alu in vitro transcription and interacting with a HeLa nuclear protein down-regulated in adenovirus-infected cells. Bacterially expressed ACR1 is demonstrated to inhibit RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-dependent Alu transcription in vitro but showed no repression of transcription of a tRNA gene or of a reporter gene under control of a Pol II promoter. ACR1 mRNA is also found to be down-regulated in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells, consistent with a possible repressor function of the protein in vivo. ACR1 is mainly (but not exclusively) located in cytoplasm and appears to be a member of a weakly characterized redox protein family having a central, highly conserved sequence motif, PGAFTPXCXXXXLP. One member of the family identified earlier as peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP)20 is known to interact in a sequence-specific manner with a yeast homolog of mammalian cyclosporin-A-binding protein cyclophilin, and mammalian cyclophilin A (an abundant ubiquitously expressed protein) is known to interact with human transcriptional repressor YY1, which is a major sequence-specific Alu-binding protein in human cells. It appears, therefore, that transcriptional silencing of Alu in vivo is a result of complex interactions of many proteins which bind to its Pol III promoter.  (+info)

Translational control of specific genes during differentiation of HL-60 cells. (3/466)

Eukaryotic gene expression can be regulated through selective translation of specific mRNA species. Nevertheless, the limited number of known examples hampers the identification of common mechanisms that regulate translation of specific groups of genes in mammalian cells. We developed a method to identify translationally regulated genes. This method was used to examine the regulation of protein synthesis in HL-60 cells undergoing monocytic differentiation. A partial screening of cellular mRNAs identified five mRNAs whose translation was specifically inhibited and five others that were activated as was indicated by their mobilization onto polysomes. The specifically inhibited mRNAs encoded ribosomal proteins, identified as members of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine tract mRNA family. Most of the activated transcripts represented uncharacterized genes. The most actively mobilized transcript (termed TA-40) was an untranslated 1.3-kilobase polyadenylated RNA with unusual structural features, including two Alu-like elements. Following differentiation, a significant change in the cytoplasmic distribution of Alu-containing mRNAs was observed, namely, the enhancement of Alu-containing mRNAs in the polysomes. Our findings support the notion that protein synthesis is regulated during differentiation of HL-60 cells by both global and gene-specific mechanisms and that Alu-like sequences within cytoplasmic mRNAs are involved in such specific regulation.  (+info)

Human-specific insertion/deletion polymorphisms in Indian populations and their possible evolutionary implications. (4/466)

DNA samples from 396 unrelated individuals belonging to 14 ethnic populations of India, inhabiting various geographical locations and occupying various positions in the socio-cultural hierarchy, were analysed in respect of 8 human-specific polymorphic insertion/deletion loci. All loci, except Alu CD4, were found to be highly polymorphic in all populations. The levels of average heterozygosities were found to be very high in all populations and, in most populations, also higher than those predicted by the island model of population structure. The coefficient of gene differentiation among Indian populations was found to be higher than populations in most other global regions, except Africa. These results are discussed in the light of two possible scenarios of evolution of Indian populations in the broader context of human evolution.  (+info)

Y chromosomal polymorphisms reveal founding lineages in the Finns and the Saami. (5/466)

Y chromosomal polymorphisms were studied in 502 males from 16 Eurasian ethnic groups including the Finns, Saami (Inari Lake area and Skolt Saami), Karelians, Mari, Mokshas, Erzas, Hungarians (Budapest area and Csangos), Khanty, Mansi, Yakuts, Koryaks, Nivkhs, Mongolians, and Latvians. The samples were analysed for polymorphisms in the Y chromosome specific Alu insertion (YAP) and six microsatellites (DYS19, DYS389-I and II, DYS390, DYS392, DYS393). The populations were also screened for the recently described Tat polymorphism. The incidence of YAP+ type was highest in the Csangos and in other Hungarians (37.5% and 17.5%, respectively). In the Karelians and the Latvians it was present at approximately the same level as commonly found in other European populations, whilst absent in our further samples of Eurasian populations, including the Finns and the Saami. Aside from the Hungarians, the C allele of the Tat polymorphism was common in all the Finno-Ugric speaking populations (from 8.2% to 63.2%), with highest incidence in the Ob-Ugrian Khanty. The C allele was also found in the Latvians (29.4%). The haplotypes found associated with the Tat C allele showed consistently lower density than those associated with the T allele, indicating that the T allele is the original form. The computation of the age of the Tat C suggested that the mutation might be a relatively recent event giving a maximum likelihood estimate of 4440 years (95% confidence interval about 3140-6200 years). The distribution patterns of the 222 haplotypes found varied considerably among the populations. In the Finns a majority of the haplotypes could be assigned to two distinct groups, one of which harboured the C allele of the Tat polymorphism, indicating dichotomous primary source of genetic variation among Finnish males. The presence of a bottleneck or founding effect in the male lineages of some of the populations, namely in the Finns and the Saami, would appear to be one likely interpretation for these findings.  (+info)

Molecular analysis of an unstable genomic region at chromosome band 11q23 reveals a disruption of the gene encoding the alpha2 subunit of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (Pafah1a2) in human lymphoma. (6/466)

A region of 150 kb has been analysed around a previously isolated, lymphoma associated, translocation breakpoint located at chromosome band 11q23. This balanced and reciprocal translocation, t(11;14)(q32;q23), has been shown to result in the fusion between chromosome 11 specific sequence and the switch gamma4 region of the IGH locus. The LPC gene, encoding a novel proprotein convertase belonging to the furin family, has been identified in this region. In order to characterize further the region surrounding the translocation, we have determined the detailed structure of LPC. Here we show that LPC consists of at least 16 exons covering 25 kb, and that there is a partial duplication, involving mobile genetic elements and containing LPC exons 13-17 in a tail-tail configuration at 65 kb downstream. Since the chromosomal breakpoint lay between these two structures, the intervening region was further analysed and shown to contain at least two unrelated genes. The previously known SM22 gene was localized close to the 3' tail of LPC. Furthermore, we identified the gene encoding the alpha2 subunit of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (Pafah1a2) at the chromosomal breakpoint. The position of another previously identified breakpoint was also located to within the first intron of this gene. Altogether, our results give evidence of a genomic instability of this area of 11q23 and show that Pafah1a2 and not LPC is the gene disrupted by the translocation, suggesting that deregulated Pafah1a2 may have a role in lymphomagenesis.  (+info)

Concerted evolution of the tandem array encoding primate U2 snRNA (the RNU2 locus) is accompanied by dramatic remodeling of the junctions with flanking chromosomal sequences. (7/466)

The genes encoding primate U2 snRNA are organized as a nearly perfect tandem array (the RNU2 locus) that has been evolving concertedly for >35 Myr since the divergence of baboons and humans. Thus the repeat units of the tandem array are essentially identical within each species, but differ between species. Homogeneity is maintained because any change in one repeat unit is purged from the array or fixed in all other repeats. Intriguingly, the cytological location of RNU2 has remained unchanged despite concerted evolution of the tandem array. We had found previously that junction sequences between the U2 tandem array and flanking DNA were subject to remodeling over a region of 200-300 bp during the past 5 Myr in the hominid lineage. Here we show that the junctions between the U2 tandem array and flanking DNA have undergone dramatic rearrangements over a region of 1 to >10 kbp in the 35 Myr since divergence of the Old World Monkey and hominid lineages. We argue that these rearrangements reflect the high level of genetic activity required to sustain concerted evolution, and propose a model to explain why maintenance of homogeneity within a tandemly repeated multigene family would lead to junctional diversity.  (+info)

Expressed sequence tag (EST) phenotyping of HT-29 cells: cloning of ser/thr protein kinase EMK1, kinesin KIF3B, and of transcripts that include Alu repeated elements. (8/466)

To study the mechanisms that control epithelial commitment and differentiation we have used undifferentiated HT-29 colon cancer cells and a subpopulation of mucus secreting cells obtained by selection of HT-29 cells in 10-6 M methotrexate (M6 cells) as experimental models. We isolated cDNAs encoding transcripts overexpressed in early confluent M6 cells regarding steady-state levels in HT-29 cells by subtractive hybridisation. Fifty-one cDNA clones, corresponding to 34 independent transcripts, were isolated, partially sequenced by their 5' end, and classified into four groups according to their identity: transcripts that included a repeated sequence of the Alu family (10 clones, among them those encoding ribonucleoprotein RNP-L and E-cadherin), transcripts encoded by the mitochondrial genome (nine clones), transcripts encoding components of the protein synthesis machinery (23 clones, including the human ribosomal protein L38 not previously cloned in humans) and nine additional cDNAs that could not be classified in the previous groups. These last included ferritin, cytokeratin 18, translationally controlled human tumour protein (TCHTP), mt-aldehyde dehydrogenase, as well as unknown transcripts (three clones), and the human homologues of the molecular motor kinesin KIF3B and of the ser/thr protein kinase EMK1. Spot dot and Northern blot analyses showed that ser/thr protein kinase EMK1 was differentially expressed in M6 cells when compared with parental HT-29 cells. Steady-state levels of EMK1 were higher in proliferating, preconfluent, M6 and HT-29 cells than in 2 days post confluence (dpc) and 8dpc M6 and HT-29 cells. Transcripts that included an Alu repeat were also shown to be differentially expressed and accumulated in differentiating M6 cells when analysed by Northern blot. The significance of the transcripts cloned is discussed in the context of the commitment and differentiation of the M6 cells to the mucus secreting lineage of epithelial cells.  (+info)

When a chromosome breaks, it can lead to genetic instability and potentially contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer. Chromosome breakage can also result in the loss or gain of genetic material, which can further disrupt normal cellular function and increase the risk of disease.

There are several types of chromosome breakage, including:

1. Chromosomal aberrations: These occur when there is a change in the number or structure of the chromosomes, such as an extra copy of a chromosome (aneuploidy) or a break in a chromosome.
2. Genomic instability: This refers to the presence of errors in the genetic material that can lead to changes in the function of cells and tissues.
3. Chromosomal fragile sites: These are specific regions of the chromosomes that are more prone to breakage than other regions.
4. Telomere shortening: Telomeres are the protective caps at the ends of the chromosomes, and their shortening can lead to chromosome breakage and genetic instability.

Chromosome breakage can be detected through cytogenetic analysis, which involves staining the cells with dyes to visualize the chromosomes and look for any abnormalities. The detection of chromosome breakage can help diagnose certain diseases, such as cancer, and can also provide information about the risk of disease progression.

In summary, chromosome breakage is a type of genetic alteration that can occur as a result of various factors, including exposure to radiation or chemicals, errors during cell division, or aging. It can lead to genetic instability and increase the risk of diseases such as cancer. Detection of chromosome breakage through cytogenetic analysis can help diagnose certain diseases and provide information about the risk of disease progression.

Alu elements in primates form a fossil record that is relatively easy to decipher because Alu element insertion events have a ... The Alu family is a family of repetitive elements in primate genomes, including the human genome. Modern Alu elements are about ... Alu elements are retrotransposons and look like DNA copies made from RNA polymerase III-encoded RNAs. Alu elements do not ... Alu) restriction endonuclease. Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements, containing over one million copies ...
October 2003). "Alu elements and hominid phylogenetics". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (22): 12787-91. doi:10.1073/pnas. ... The analysis of SINEs - Short INterspersed Elements - LINEs - Long INterspersed Elements - or truncated LTRs - Long Terminal ... The target sites are relatively unspecific so that the chance of an independent integration of exactly the same element into ... Kriegs JO, Churakov G, Kiefmann M, Jordan U, Brosius J, Schmitz J (April 2006). "Retroposed elements as archives for the ...
Alu elements, short-interspersed nuclear element of about 300 nucleotides, are the most common SINE in humans, with >1,000,000 ... Alu element copy number differences can be used to distinguish between and construct phylogenies of primate species. Canines ... Insertion of Alu elements in the human genome is associated with breast cancer, colon cancer, leukemia, hemophilia, Dent's ... Jurka J (December 2004). "Evolutionary impact of human Alu repetitive elements". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 14 ...
325 L V T T P V S P A P T T P V T P L G T T P P S S 359 An Alu element was identified in the 3`-UTR of the longest mRNA ... Häsler J, Strub K (2006). "Alu elements as regulators of gene expression". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (19): 5491-7. doi:10.1093 ... Also, an Alu segment in the 3 prime untranslated region of the mature mRNA could serve as a potential translational regulatory ... but there is existing evidence for Alu-mediated protein translation regulation, so this cannot be ruled out in c10orf76. The N- ...
Häsler J, Strub K (November 2006). "Alu elements as regulators of gene expression". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (19): 5491-7. ... They are usually caused by transposable elements, or errors during replication of repeating elements. Insertions in the coding ... For example, more than a million copies of the Alu sequence are present in the human genome, and these sequences have now been ... Insertions can be reversed by excision of the transposable element. Deletions remove one or more nucleotides from the DNA. Like ...
Jurka J (December 2004). "Evolutionary impact of human Alu repetitive elements". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 14 ... This sort of competition for regulatory elements by RNAs that are endogenous to the genome has given rise to the term ceRNA. ... Pseudogene sequences may be transcribed into RNA at low levels, due to promoter elements inherited from the ancestral gene or ... For example, somewhere between 30 and 44% of the human genome consists of repetitive elements such as SINEs and LINEs (see ...
... including the discovery of the major families of Alu elements. He also proposed the mechanism of Alu proliferation and ... June 2002). "Active Alu elements are passed primarily through paternal germlines". Theoretical Population Biology. 61 (4): 519- ... The Erdős Project, "Paths to Erdős" Jurka J, Smith T (July 1988). "A fundamental division in the Alu family of repeated ... In 2006 they reported a study of a new, self-synthesizing transposable element called Polinton or Maverick, which is present ...
SVA elements are present at lower levels than SINES and LINEs in humans. The starts of SVA and Alu elements are similar, ... SVA elements are the exception between the two as they share similarities with both LINEs and SINEs, containing Alu elements ... Copy and pasting Alu RNA requires the Alu's adenine-rich end and the rest of the sequence bound to a signal. The signal-bound ... The insertion rates for LINE1, Alu and SVA elements are 1/200 - 1/20, 1/20 and 1/900 respectively. The LINE1 insertion rates ...
Alu alone is estimated to make up 15-17% of the human genome. Mariner-like elements are another prominent class of transposons ... Porphyria Insertion of Alu element into the PBGD gene leads to interference with the coding region and leads to acute ... Mustajoki S, Ahola H, Mustajoki P, Kauppinen R (June 1999). "Insertion of Alu element responsible for acute intermittent ... Transposable elements represent one of several types of mobile genetic elements. TEs are assigned to one of two classes ...
Polymerase chain reaction studies have found Alu element insertions, small pieces of genetic code in genomes, can infer primate ... based on Alu elements". Gene. 448 (2): 242-249. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.05.013. PMC 2783879. PMID 19497354. Hodges, J. K.; ...
Localization of multiple Alu sequences and putative cis-acting elements". European Journal of Biochemistry. 209 (1): 459-66. ...
"Cellular inhibitors of long interspersed element 1 and Alu retrotransposition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... LINEs are a group of genetic elements that are found in abundant quantities in eukaryotic genomes. LINE-1 is the most common ... It is composed of the read-through Helitron element and its downstream genomic regions, flanked by a random DNA site, serving ... But since the L1 element was present in neither the retrotransposed segment nor the original sequence the mobilization of the ...
"Alu elements mediate MYB gene tandem duplication in human T-ALL". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 204 (13): 3059-3066. doi: ... "An oncogenic super-enhancer formed through somatic mutation of a noncoding intergenic element". Science. 346 (6215): 1373-1377 ...
Martins, A. M. G.; Amorim, N.; Carneiro, J. C.; de Mello Affonso, P. R. A.; Sampaio, I.; Schneider, H. (2015). "Alu elements ...
The Alu element is the most common SINE found in primates. It is about 350 base pairs and occupies about 11% of the human ... and Penelope-like elements (PLEs). In Dictyostelium discoideum, there is another DIRS-like elements belong to Non-LTRs. Non- ... The interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), and endogenous retroviruses. These elements have a big potential to modify the ... Transposable elements (TEs) are sequences of DNA with a defined structure that are able to change their location in the genome ...
Repetitive Alu sequences represent approximately 10% of the human genome. The presence of Alu elements in flanking introns of ... RNA editing occurs mainly in Alu elements of protein-coding genes. A-to-I RNA editing in up- and downstream intronic Alu ... It is important that the flanking intronic Alu elements are complementary, as this enables RNA pairing, which in turn ... Daniel, Chammiran; Silberberg, Gilad; Behm, Mikaela; Öhman, Marie (2014-02-03). "Alu elements shape the primate transcriptome ...
Higher degree of parallelism indicates a highly parallel ALU or processing element. Average parallelism depends on both the ...
The 5' region of the RNA defines one domain and consists of Alu repeat elements. The other two structural domains are a central ... "BRAIN CYTOPLASMIC RNA 1; BCYRN1." "Alu elements: know the SINEs" "The Long Non-Coding RNA BC200 (BCYRN1) Is Critical for Cancer ... The 5' region (left arm) of monomeric Alu short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) allows for BC200 RNA transposition and ... a Neural RNA Polymerase III Product Encoded by a Monomeric Alu Element". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...
Daniel, Chammiran; Behm, Mikaela; Öhman, Marie (2015). "The role of Alu elements in the cis-regulation of RNA processing". ... and more non-coding DNA elements compared to others in the same genus, but there was no evidence for long-term low effective ...
Alu elements are known as the most abundant type of transposable elements. Some studies have used Alu elements as a way to ... Alu elements are CpG-rich in a longer amount of sequence, unlike LINEs and ERVs. Alus can work as a methylation center, and the ... Distal promoter elements also frequently contain CpG islands. An example is the DNA repair gene ERCC1, where the CpG island- ... However, this is a result that is analyzed over time because older Alus elements show more CpG loss in sites of neighboring DNA ...
Alu sequences, classified as a short interspersed nuclear element, are the most abundant mobile elements in the human genome. ... Regulatory elements are sites that control the transcription of a nearby gene. They are almost always sequences where ... This means that 98-99 % of the human genome consists of non-coding DNA and this includes many functional elements such as non- ... They contain short elements that control the initiation of translation (5'-UTRs) and transcription termination (3'-UTRs) as ...
There are about 300 to 500 thousand copies of Alu repetitive element in human genome, which means one Alu element exists in 4 ... Alu element can be used for genome fingerprinting based on PCR, which is also called Alu PCR. There are several ways to analyze ... Alu repetitive element is member of Short Interspersed Elements (SINE) in mammalian genome. ... that is why it is called Alu repetitive element. By using special Alu sequence as target locus, specific human DNA can be ...
The chip area is 5.8x5.25 mm^2, 16 thousand elements. УУП provided operation with virtual memory up to 4 GB. It contains a data ... КА1845ВС1 contained ALU, 8x32 stack, matrix shifter, 16x32 register block, and status flag multiplexers. The amount of ... УУП chip contains 102 thousands elements and has area of 9.1x7.3 mm^2. The Kronos software included:[citation needed] Versions ... It contains 199 thousands elements and has area of 8.55x8.1 mm^2. The maximum clock frequency is 10 MHz. ...
Some specific interspersed elements have been characterized, such as the Alu repeat and LINE1. While tandem and interspersed ... Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are typically 3-7 kilobases in length. Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) ... Some repetitive elements are neutral and occur when there is an absence of selection for specific sequences depending on how ... When a transposable element does not proceed through RNA as an intermediate, it is called a DNA transposon. Other ...
In eukaryotes and archaea, eight helical elements fold into the Alu and S domains, separated by a long linker region. The Alu ... The UGU(NR) motif connects helices 3 and 4 in the small (Alu) SRP domain. Fungal SRP RNAs lacking helices 3 and 4 contain the ... It is now understood that Alu DNA originated from SRP RNA by excision of the central SRP RNA-specific (S) fragment, followed by ... SRP9 and SRP14 are structurally related and form the SRP9/14 heterodimer which binds to the SRP RNA of the small (Alu) domain. ...
The ALU performs addition, subtraction, and operations such as AND or OR. Each operation of the ALU sets one or more flags in a ... A single operation code might affect many individual data paths, registers, and other elements of the processor. As integrated ... The Four-Phase Systems AL1 was an 8-bit bit slice chip containing eight registers and an ALU. It was designed by Lee Boysel in ... A minimal hypothetical microprocessor might include only an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and a control logic section. ...
"An Alu element-associated hypermethylation variant of the POMC gene is associated with childhood obesity". PLOS Genetics. 8 (3 ... It allows T3 to bind to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR), which then binds to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the ...
"Genetic admixture estimates by Alu elements in Afro-Colombian and Mestizo populations from Antioquia, Colombia". Annals of ... nor that it is the only or predominant element among those that do, as is proven by the Paisas' descent from other groups like ... and a smaller Sephardic Jewish element) and female Amerindians. Subsequently, within the emerging Paisa colonial society, a ...
For example, repetitive elements of the Alu and LINE1 families cause polymorphisms in human genome. Microsatellites are repeats ... Polymorphic repetitive elements. Active transposable elements can also cause polymorphism by inserting themselves in new ...
Alu Like, Inc. OCLC 309392477. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2013. Media related to Maria Beckley Kahea at ... AC with 0 elements, 1847 births, 1909 deaths, People from Hawaii (island), Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla), Native Hawaiian people ...
Photographs and text by Luvera, Amy Howard, Arshak Lanin, Bengy S, Bernie Howard, Cecelia Stower, Dualeh Alu Dualeh, Jason Reid ... ACArt with 2 suppressed elements, LGBT artists from Australia, 21st-century Australian artists, Date of birth missing (living ...
Then-Chechen President Alu Alkhanov criticized Kadyrov in 2007 for growing a personality cult. Kadyrov denied all such ... Saddam's personality cult reflected his efforts to appeal to the various elements in Iraqi society. This was seen in his ...
Enock is six years old when he is taken to a Confucian Buddhist orphanage and given the Chinese name Alu. He becomes extremely ... AC with 0 elements, South African documentary films, Films about Buddhism, Buddhism in Africa, 2019 documentary films). ... The film follows the story of Enock Alu, a Malawian orphan from a rural village growing up between the contrasting African ...
Using a one-bit serial arithmetic logic unit (ALU) allowed the PDP-8/S to be smaller and less expensive, although slower than ... The MQ register and the extended arithmetic element (EAE) instructions are optional and only exist when EAE option was ... For faster math, the Extended Arithmetic Element (EAE) provides multiply and divide instructions with an additional register, ... Extended Arithmetic Element Type 182". PDP-8 User's Handbook. Digital Equipment Corporation. 1966. p. 41. "Chapter 4: System ...
... a cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA". Cell. 39 (1): 27-38. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90188-0. PMID ... "Identification of nucleotides responsible for enhancer activity of sterol regulatory element in low density lipoprotein ...
ALU (in Japanese). Retrieved July 10, 2022. また、僕の担当作のひとつ『HEART GEAR』は、フランスの出版社が日本の3倍以上の冊数を初版で出してくれることが決まったんですよ。 Lillaz, ... However, Erkael also felt that the story uses too many common elements of shōnen manga. Faustine Lillaz from Planete BD liked ... he also favorably compared several elements of the
C. A. Rosetti, ilustrulu directore alu díariului Romanulu", in Albina, Nr. 23/1872, p.2 (digitized by the Babeș-Bolyai ... AC with 0 elements, 1857 establishments in Romania, 1905 disestablishments in Romania, Publications established in 1857, ...
A key concept in the Busicom design was that the program control and ALU were not aimed specifically at the calculator market, ... providing for the first time all the fundamental elements of a general purpose computer with LSI integrated circuits. Federico ... Their initial proposal had seven ICs, program control, arithmetic unit (ALU), timing, program ROM, shift registers for ...
Nonetheless, it still performs proapoptotic activity, mediated by the encoded Alu element, though the exact mechanisms remain ... completely lacking the BH domains 1 through 3 due to an in-frame stop codon inserted by an Alu element. Without the TM domain, ... a special splicing variant with an insertion of an Alu-like cassette, promotes etoposide- and Taxol-induced cell death". FEBS ...
Some of the modern units incorporate an electrical heating element in the steam generating pot that makes for very convenient ... OY Alu AB, Hackmann, Opa, Victorio, Lehmann, Norpro) over the years. The same style of juicer has also been historically made ...
The Alto has a bit-slice arithmetic logic unit (ALU) based on the Texas Instruments 74181 chip, a ROM control store with a ... Alto both blurred and ignored the lines between functional elements. Rather than a distinct central processing unit with a well ... electrical interface (e.g., system bus) to storage and peripherals, the Alto ALU interacts directly with hardware interfaces to ...
Sharief FS, Li SS (1994). "Nucleotide sequence of human prostatic acid phosphatase ACPP gene, including seven Alu repeats". ... identification of putative androgen response elements". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202 (1): 49-57. doi:10.1006/bbrc. ...
Alu (2019) Anantha (2016) Awasan Inima (2018) Ayomi (2021) Bol Vi Ahuru (2007) Bopath Ella (2001) Dadayam Bambaru (2019) Damini ... AC with 0 elements, Living people, 1959 births, Sri Lankan male film actors, Sinhalese male actors, Sri Lankan male television ...
A form of RNA called Alu RNA (the RNA transcripts of alu elements)) was found to be elevated in patients with insufficient ... However, with insufficient Dicer levels, the accumulation of alu RNA leads to the degeneration of RPE as a result of ... "DICER1 loss and Alu RNA induce age-related macular degeneration via the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88". Cell. 149 (4): 847-59. ...
Alu Kurumbas The Alu Kurumbas of Tribal Nilgiris, apart from decorating the walls of their dwelling huts with their indigenous ... It aims to raise awareness about the various intangible cultural heritage elements from different states of India at national ...
Genetics (USSR/Russia), 25,1111-1118 Shakhmuradov IA, Kapitonov VV, Kolchanov NA, Omelyanchuk LV (1989). Evolution of Alu ... Some structural elements in DNA sequence from Balbiani ring of IV Chromosome of Chironomus thummi. Proceedings of Academy of ... Bioinformatics, 19, 1964-1971 Kapitonov VV, Shakhmuradov IA, Kolchanov NA (1989) Evolution of Alu repeats: Imitation model. ... The existence of the sites homological to the regulatory site of heat-shock in mobile genetic elements. Genetics (USSR/Russia ...
The Armenian Elements in the Language and Onomastics of Urartu. Aramazd: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 2010. (https ... an example of its use is alu-šə tu-l-(e)yə "whoever destroys it". 3. Finally, a desiderative, which may express the wish of ... "The Armenian Elements in the Language and Onomastics of Urartu" Aramazd Vol V. Issue 1 (2010): 133-140 [1]. Hrach Martirosyan ( ... www.academia.edu/2939663/The_Armenian_Elements_in_the_Language_and_Onomastics_of_Urartu) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture ...
For example, miR16 contains a sequence complementary to the AU-rich element found in the 3'UTR of many unstable mRNAs, such as ... RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes some miRNAs, especially those with upstream Alu sequences, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and ... "microRNA response elements" on genes and pseudogenes and may provide another explanation for the persistence of non-coding DNA ... "Involvement of microRNA in AU-rich element-mediated mRNA instability". Cell. 120 (5): 623-34. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.038. ...
The WFM and the ALU then cooperated to found the IWW. The IWW was conceived as a global union with the goal of organizing the ... 6th struck a warning note: "There is an element in Western Canada that is somewhat akin to the I.W.W. if not actually ... The solution was organizing western labourers and western unions into a new umbrella-like federation (i.e., the WLU, the ALU, ... The WLU's rebranding in 1902 as the American Labor Union (ALU) was a direct response to actions by (AFL) President Samuel ...
Later documents also reference the construction of a "new city" (alu eššu) during this time, adding to the earlier "inner city ... there are no obvious Assyrian elements in the settlement itself, apart from the tablets and seals. The houses in the colony can ...
... generates the control and sequencing signals for internal CPU elements (ALU, registers, etc.). This is in contrast with ... A side of the ALU Connect register 7 to the B side of the ALU Set the ALU to perform two's-complement addition Set the ALU's ... These elements could often be brought together as a single chip. This chip comes in a fixed width that would form a "slice" ... The AMD Am2900 family is one of the best known examples of bit slice elements. The parts of the execution units and the whole ...
Many retroelements such as human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) and Alu elements are located in the cluster. The region ...
Slack-key guitar (kī ho`alu in Hawaiian) is a fingerpicked playing style, named for the fact that the strings are most often " ... The western swing style, popular on the mainland since the 1930s, employed the steel guitar as a key element and was therefore ... Loyal Garner also embraced Hawaiian elements in her Vegas-style lounge act and in the songs she recorded. A third notable ... Ho's style often combined traditional Hawaiian elements and older 1950s and 1960s-style crooner music with an easy listening ...
... (once known as Alu) is the largest island of the Shortland Islands archipelago, in the Western Province of the ... v t e (Coordinates on Wikidata, AC with 0 elements, Islands of the Solomon Islands, Western Province (Solomon Islands), All ...
Diana also obtained an Executive MBA awarded by the ALU Business School, in Kigali, Rwanda. She also holds a Group Coaching ... AC with 0 elements, Living people, 1979 births, 21st-century Kenyan economists, Kamba people, University of Nairobi alumni, ...
ELEMENTOS ALU. ALU ELEMENTS. ELEMENTOS ALU. ELEMENTOS NUCLEOTÍDIOS CURTOS E DISPERSOS. SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS. ... LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS. ELEMENTOS DE NUCLEOTIDO ESPARCIDO LARGO. ELEMENTOS RESPONDEDORES. RESPONSE ELEMENTS. ... FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. ANALISIS DE ELEMENTO FINITO. ANÁLISE DE SEQUÊNCIA COM SÉRIES DE OLIGONUCLEOTÍDIOS. OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ...
How glazing bead saws for sahs elements can cut twice as much as before without losing time. Urban digital industrie. 4.0. ... Alu automatic hardware assembly units. Maximum flexibility with the new sash hardware assembly units. Automatic glass logistics ... FLexible element storing can be so easy, PVC / Timber / ... FE-Buffer , Ready element buffer. *FLR 16 , Cut-to-measure rack ... PVC / TIMBER / ALU / AUTOMATIC HARDWARE ASSEMBLY UNITS. Maximum flexibility with the new sash hardware assembly units.. Find ...
In fact, there are about 1.1 million Alu copies in the human genome (roughly 12% of the human genome). Alu sequences contain a ... This class of junk DNA belongs to a category of sequences known as transposable elements-pieces of DNA that jump around the ... SINES range in size from 100 to 300 base pairs (genetic letters). In primates, the most common SINES are the so-called Alu ... Molecular biologists believe that these DNA elements duplicate and move around the genome through an RNA intermediate and the ...
... an Alu element contains a number of sequences resembling splice sites (and are therefore cryptic splice sites). Such an Alu ... 2013) Alu elements: at the crossroads between disease and evolution Biochemical Society Transactions 41:1532-1535. ... This is often the case with Alu elements (retrotransposons that make up over 10% of the human genome). When inserted in an ... 2011) Using positional distribution to identify splicing elements and predict pre-mRNA processing defects in human genes PNAS ...
Conceiço Pereira, M., Loureiro, J. L., Pinto-Basto, J., Brando, E., et al. (2012). Alu elements mediate large SPG11 gene ...
... we examined the expression of various classes of repeat elements. Our analysis identifies dynamic regulation of LINE1 and SINE ... complexity of gene expression in long-term synaptic plasticity involving the dynamic regulation of lncRNAs and repeat elements ... complexity of gene expression in long-term synaptic plasticity involving the dynamic regulation of lncRNAs and repeat elements ... we examined the expression of various classes of repeat elements. Our analysis identifies dynamic regulation of LINE1 and SINE ...
Alu elements, a major class of genomic repeats, had previously been identified as prime drivers of SD formation. We also ... The Alu, L1, and SVA mobile element families are still duplicating, generating variation between individual genomes. Mobile ... The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project aims to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The ... Identification of novel functional elements in the human genome 67th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology Lian ...
... internal anti-vibration element) ... ... thermal-acoustic insulationPOLIMURO ALU polyethylene polyester ...
Methylation of Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) is a well-established measure of DNA methylation often ... We measured Alu and LINE-1 methylation by pyrosequencing bisulfite-treated DNA isolated from whole blood samples collected from ... Yet, few studies have examined the effects of host factors on LINE-1 and Alu methylation in children. We characterized the ... Our data suggest that repeat element methylation can be an informative marker of epigenetic differences by age and sex and that ...
... highly resilient aluminium panels are pre-designed for all concrete elements of the building s superstructure. Alu-Form ... The Alu-Form Construction This focus has logically led to an increasing adoption of technologies such as the Alu-Form ... Alu-Form construction technology involves extremely efficient, light-weight and flexible materials and cuts down on the need ... Significantly, Alu-Form technology puts an end to the problems of construction irregularities and asymmetrical aesthetics which ...
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences able to mobilize themselves and to increase their copy-number in the host genome ... the short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE) Alu and the SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) [2]. These elements are transcribed and mobilize ... We then explored the relative contributions of the three different element classes (L1, Alu and SVA) to the identified cis- ... Daniel C, Silberberg G, Behm M, Öhman M. Alu elements shape the primate transcriptome by cis-regulation of RNA editing. Genome ...
... gain or amplification of gene sequences based on the analysis of segments between two Alu elements coupled with quantitative ... Alu-PCR is a relatively simple technique that can be used to investigate genomic instability in cancer. This technique allows ... This element, located 270 bp upstream of the translational start codon, was tested as binding target for regulatory proteins. ... Estimating genomic instability mediated by Alu retroelements in breast cancer Human And Medical Genetics. Fazza, Ana Cristina; ...
Sobrier ML, Netchine I, Heinrichs C, Thibaud N, Vie-Luton MP, Van Vliet G, Amselem S. Alu-element insertion in the homeodomain ...
Light emitting elements, modern lighting, led lighting, ledmodea, led decoration ...
Alu Element Alu Families Alu Family Alu Repetitive Sequence Alu Repetitive Sequences Element, Alu Elements, Alu Families, Alu ... Element, Alu. Elements, Alu. Families, Alu. Family, Alu. Repetitive Sequence, Alu. Repetitive Sequences, Alu. Sequence, Alu ... Séquences Alu Entry term(s):. Alu Element. Alu Families. Alu Family. Alu Repetitive Sequence. Alu Repetitive Sequences. Alu- ... Family, Alu Repetitive Sequence, Alu Repetitive Sequences, Alu Sequence, Alu Repetitive Sequences, Alu Repetitive ...
On the other hand, the SWAR approach needs 7 extra ALU ops: 5 for the shift and mask ops, one for the initial subtract and one ... In general with SWAR stuff, to avoid carries and other "bits" from interfering across your SWAR elements, you often need a ... gcc isnt actually much of a fan of folding the constant loads into the ALU ops - it only does it once (the vpaddb. ): ... I suspected that it was, given that there is no big obvious bottleneck: just a lot of ALU instructions. So I went ahead and ...
This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity ... ALU Alumnus Farid Yaghoubtil on Becoming an Attorney with His Own Personal Injury Law Firm 05/29/2020 No Comments ... Explore how ALUs online distance education courses can work for you. As one of the top distance education universities in ... Additional information is available for those who seek transfer credit or want to study at ALU as an international student. ...
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Identification of an Alu element-mediated deletion in the promoter region of GNE in siblings with GNE myopathy. Garland, ...
Retrotransposons are genetic elements with the ability to replicate in the genome using reverse transcriptase: they have been ... Alongside with SVAs, other composite elements have been identified in gibbons: LAVA (L1-Alu-VNTR-Alu), PVA (PTGR2-VNTR-Alu) and ... which include Long Interspersed Elements 1 (LINE-1 s or L1s), Short Interspersed Elements (SINEs)-such as Alu-like TEs-and SINE ... SVA elements are more recent than L1 and Alu: the lack of SVAs in old world monkeys suggests that SVAs are hominid specific ...
Rolling Element:Ball Bearing; Housing Material:Cast Iron; Expansion / Non-expansion:Non-expansion; Mounting Bolts:7/16 Inch; ... Alu; Bearing Used:Deep Groove Ball Bea; ... Rolling Element:Needle Bearing; Relubricatable:Yes; Hex Socket: ... Rolling Element:Spherical Roller Bearing; Housing Material:Cast Iron; Expansion / Non-expansion:Non-expansion; Mounting Bolts:1 ... Rolling Element:Spherical Roller Bearing; Housing Material:Cast Steel; Expansion / Non-expansion:Expansion; Mounting Bolts:5/8 ...
ALU. 105-BG. Description. Accessories. One 8-32 x 1″ and one Break-away Screw (Included). ... HomeCabinet HardwareIn Stock HardwareElements Cabinet HardwareGibson Knob 1-1/4″ Brushed Gold Elements 105-BG ... SKU: 8840338 Categories: Cabinet Hardware, Elements Cabinet Hardware, In Stock Hardware Tags: Brushed Gold, Cabinet Hardware, ... Gibson Knob 1-1/4″ Brushed Gold Elements 105-BG. 0 out of 5 based on 0 customer ratings ...
DNA methylation of individual repetitive elements in hepatitis C virus infection-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. ... long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu element (Alu), have been linked to various cancers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV ... 11 LINE-1 and 2 Alu) and 2 hypermethylated REs (1 LINE-1 and 1 Alu) in HCV-HCC (FDR , 0.001). A majority of these REs were ... DNA methylation of individual repetitive elements in hepatitis C virus infection-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal ...
Fridge Solid Mount Kit Element 63Q - by ARB. SKU 10900039. Portable Fridge/Freezer Solid Mount. New floor-mounted bracket ... Aluminess ALP Generators Alu-Box ARB ARE Bed Caps BadAss Tents Baja Designs Baja Rack Bak Industries Bedslide Body Armor 4x4 ... Fridge Solid Mount Kit Element 63Q - by ARB. ARB has been on the market for 40 years, creating accessories that display quality ... The new floor-mounted bracket system to suit the Elements 63QT Fridge Freezer ...
ELEMENTOS ALU. ALU ELEMENTS. ELEMENTOS ALU. ELEMENTOS NUCLEOTÍDIOS CURTOS E DISPERSOS. SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS. ... LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS. ELEMENTOS DE NUCLEOTIDO ESPARCIDO LARGO. ELEMENTOS RESPONDEDORES. RESPONSE ELEMENTS. ... FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. ANALISIS DE ELEMENTO FINITO. ANÁLISE DE SEQUÊNCIA COM SÉRIES DE OLIGONUCLEOTÍDIOS. OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ...
ELEMENTOS ALU. ALU ELEMENTS. ELEMENTOS ALU. ELEMENTOS NUCLEOTÍDIOS CURTOS E DISPERSOS. SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS. ... LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS. ELEMENTOS DE NUCLEOTIDO ESPARCIDO LARGO. ELEMENTOS RESPONDEDORES. RESPONSE ELEMENTS. ... FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS. ANALISIS DE ELEMENTO FINITO. ANÁLISE DE SEQUÊNCIA COM SÉRIES DE OLIGONUCLEOTÍDIOS. OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ...
  • Here, we present a mechanism for protecting the human transcriptome from the aberrant exonization of transposable elements . (bvsalud.org)
  • 18. A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Estimating the Insertion Frequencies of Transposable Elements from Population Sequencing Data. (nih.gov)
  • This class of junk DNA belongs to a category of sequences known as transposable elements -pieces of DNA that jump around the genome, or transpose. (reasons.org)
  • In the process of moving around the genome, some transposable elements make additional copies of themselves, and therefore increase in number when they transpose. (reasons.org)
  • SINES belong to a subclass of transposable elements, called retrotransposons . (reasons.org)
  • Paired-end mapping is also a critical component of advanced RNA-Seq approaches, mapping of transposable elements and the study of long-range chromatin interactions using the HiC method. (stanford.edu)
  • Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences able to mobilize themselves and to increase their copy-number in the host genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic sequences able to move from one location to another within the genome [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14. Analysis of genomic variation in non-coding elements using population-scale sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project. (nih.gov)
  • 20. Recently integrated Alu elements and human genomic diversity. (nih.gov)
  • Alu-PCR is a relatively simple technique that can be used to investigate genomic instability in cancer. (scielo.br)
  • The Alu sequence is approximately 300 bp in length and is found commonly in introns, 3' untranslated regions of genes, and intergenic genomic regions. (nih.gov)
  • In primates, the most common SINES are the so-called Alu sequences . (reasons.org)
  • Alu sequences contain a segment that the cell's machinery can use to produce an RNA message. (reasons.org)
  • Because introns interrupt coding sequences of DNA and are excised by the cell's machinery, many scientists view these elements as junk DNA. (reasons.org)
  • It is therefore likely that throughout human evolution different TE-derived sequences have been co-opted into diverse classes of functional elements [ 12 , 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). (nih.gov)
  • Almost 1 million copies of the Alu sequence are estimated to be present, making it the most abundant mobile element. (nih.gov)
  • The Alu sequence is so named because of the presence of a recognition site for the AluI endonuclease in the middle of the Alu sequence. (nih.gov)
  • The Alu universal primer sequence is as follows: 5'-GTG GAT CAC CTG AGG TCA GGA GTT TC-3' (26-mer). (nih.gov)
  • In fact, there are about 1.1 million Alu copies in the human genome (roughly 12% of the human genome). (reasons.org)
  • The Alu repeat family comprises short interspersed elements (SINES) present in multiple copies in the genomes of humans and other primates. (nih.gov)
  • The overall goal of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications to investigate mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of mobile genetic elements, including long terminal repeat (LTR) and non-LTR retroelements, in cancer. (nih.gov)
  • For example, although long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retroelements are active in many cancers whether somatic L1 insertions lead to cancer cell heterogeneity and/or adaptive phenotypes that confer growth or survival advantages during cancer evolution or response to therapy is not clear. (nih.gov)
  • Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases. (nih.gov)
  • La transposición de este elemento en regiones codificadoras y reguladoras de genes es la responsable de muchas enfermedades hereditarias. (bvsalud.org)
  • Minigene experiments explain disease -associated mutations in Alu elements that hamper hnRNP C binding. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2012). Alu elements mediate large SPG11 gene rearrangements: Further spatacsin mutations . (up.pt)
  • Exaptation of an ancient Alu short interspersed element provides a highly conserved vitamin D-mediated innate immune response in humans and primates. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Loss of hnRNP C leads to formation of previously suppressed Alu exons , which severely disrupt transcript function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alu insertion variants alter gene transcript levels. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Mobile element scanning (ME-Scan) identifies thousands of novel Alu insertions in diverse human populations. (nih.gov)
  • 1. A comprehensive map of mobile element insertion polymorphisms in humans. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Tangram: a comprehensive toolbox for mobile element insertion detection. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Toolbox for mobile-element insertion detection on cancer genomes. (nih.gov)
  • 12. In Silico identification of a common mobile element insertion in exon 4 of RP1. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Characterizing mobile element insertions in 5675 genomes. (nih.gov)
  • These experiments reveal a hitherto unknown complexity of gene expression in long-term synaptic plasticity involving the dynamic regulation of lncRNAs and repeat elements. (frontiersin.org)
  • We estimated changes in repetitive element DNA methylation associated with ambient particles (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter), black carbon (BC), and sulfates (SO₄), with mixed models. (nih.gov)
  • Methylation of Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) is a well-established measure of DNA methylation often used in epidemiologic studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Yet, few studies have examined the effects of host factors on LINE-1 and Alu methylation in children. (cdc.gov)
  • We measured Alu and LINE-1 methylation by pyrosequencing bisulfite-treated DNA isolated from whole blood samples collected from newborns and nine-year old children (n=358). (cdc.gov)
  • Higher prenatal DDT/E exposure was associated with lower Alu methylation at birth, particularly after adjusting for cell type composition (P=0.02 for o,p' -DDT). (cdc.gov)
  • Our data suggest that repeat element methylation can be an informative marker of epigenetic differences by age and sex and that prenatal exposure to POPs may be linked to hypomethylation in fetal blood. (cdc.gov)
  • The ALU 320 + PFA is our stable, extendible aluminum probe with PFA assembly system. (ortovox.com)
  • There are ~650,000 Alu elements in transcribed regions of the human genome . (bvsalud.org)
  • 3. Evidence for positive selection on recent human transposable element insertions. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Mobile elements create structural variation: analysis of a complete human genome. (nih.gov)
  • 11. [Evolutionary recent insertions of mobile elements and their contribution to the structure of human genome]. (nih.gov)
  • They are mobile elements and are present in the human genome in extremely high copy number. (nih.gov)
  • An automatic logistics system for elements made from aluminium. (u-r-b-a-n.com)
  • It has the same features as our ALU 240 PFA probe, but is 320cm long and extendible. (ortovox.com)
  • In light of observations suggesting a role for retrotransposons in brain function, we examined the expression of various classes of repeat elements. (frontiersin.org)
  • In an effort to address this knowledge gap, this FOA invites research proposals that specifically investigate mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of mobile genetic elements in the context of cell transformation and assess the impact of their activity on tumor heterogeneity, cancer evolution, and response to therapy. (nih.gov)
  • 6. The Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT): population-scale mobile element discovery and biology. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Mobile element insertions are frequent in oesophageal adenocarcinomas and can mislead paired-end sequencing analysis. (nih.gov)
  • 13. The Simons Genome Diversity Project: A Global Analysis of Mobile Element Diversity. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Identification of novel exonic mobile element insertions in epithelial ovarian cancers. (nih.gov)
  • These elements contain cryptic splice sites , so they are in constant danger of aberrant incorporation into mature transcripts. (bvsalud.org)
  • Indeed, a substantial portion of 3′-UTR-located Alu elements is believed to be at the basis of regulatory modules that, throughout primate evolution, stabilized their presence in the genome as miRNA binding sites [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A larger theme is that translational fidelity via tRNAs meeting mRNA demands is a key element of health and disease. (nih.gov)
  • Thanks to the optimized PFA system, the ALU 320 + PFA is now MORE COMPACT while also offering better handling. (ortovox.com)
  • Methods 70XX) is an alternate analytical technique for many of these elements. (cdc.gov)
  • manufacturer for analysis of elements of 5. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, by preventing U2AF65 binding to Alu elements , hnRNP C plays a critical role as a genome -wide sentinel protecting the transcriptome . (bvsalud.org)
  • Molecular biologists believe that these DNA elements duplicate and move around the genome through an RNA intermediate and the activity of reverse transcriptase . (reasons.org)