Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.
Pneumocystis
HIV Seropositivity
Etoposide
A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.
Ketoprofen
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
Disposition and metabolism of pentamethylmelamine and hexamethylmelamine in rabbits and humans. (1/29)
The disposition and metabolism of pentamethylmelamine (PMM) and hexamethylmelamine (HMM) were studied in the rabbit, and the disposition of PMM was studied in humans. Parent compound and metabolites were identified by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Plasma elimination in both species following i.v. administration of each drug was best described by a two-compartment open model. Both compounds were extensively demethylated with less than 1% of the total dose administered recovered in the urine over 24 hr. The areas under the plasma time-concentration curves of PMM and HMM following p.o. administration to rabbits were 5 and 25% of the areas following i.v. administration. Gastrointestinal absorption was rapid and efficient with 75 to 89% of drug equivalents recoverable in the urine after p.o. administration of [ring-14C]PMM or [ring-14C]HMM to rabbits. Reduced bioavailability of PMM and HMM p.o. appears to be a consequence of rapid metabolism presumably in the liver. (+info)Recurrent ovarian cancer: how important is it to treat to disease progression? (2/29)
Ovarian cancer is increasingly recognized as a chronic disease whose treatment is often characterized by administration of multiple, sequential active agents, each of which may or may not be accompanied by a tumor response. Despite the large proportion of patients who relapse and undergo longer-term treatment, the question of optimal treatment duration has not been fully addressed to date. For patients who progress on therapy, the answer is straightforward: they are switched to another active agent, presumably having a different mechanism of action from previous therapies with, ideally, limited overlapping toxicities. However, for patients who remain in partial response or who have stable disease, the answer is less apparent and less clear. The majority of oncologists believe that treatment beyond 6 cycles of a given therapy does not provide any additional benefit to patients. There are some data to support that treatment strategy. However, with the advent of new, less toxic agents, treatment to progression should be further explored. Agents that are potentially well suited for extended treatment intervals may include such properties as absence of cumulative toxicity, non-cross-resistance, positive benefit on quality of life, and convenient schedule. A number of active agents in ovarian cancer (platinum, paclitaxel, topotecan, liposomal doxorubicin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and etoposide) will be reviewed in the context of what is known about cumulative toxicity, potential adverse effects on patients' quality of life, and evidence addressing the potential benefits of longer-term treatment. (+info)Pretreatment CA-125 and risk of relapse in advanced ovarian cancer. (3/29)
PURPOSE: A previous report suggested the nadir serum CA-125 level within the group of patients with ovarian cancer who achieved normalization of CA-125 accurately defined the risk of relapse. Using similar CA-125 subgroups, we sought to determine if the baseline CA-125 level before initiation of maintenance chemotherapy in women achieving a clinically-defined complete response to primary chemotherapy would be of prognostic value. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients included in this retrospective analysis had been treated on one of two previously reported trials of maintenance chemotherapy (three v 12-monthly cycles of paclitaxel; oral altretamine), with a baseline CA-125 level of < or = 35 u/mL. Progression-free survival (PFS) from study entry was analyzed by the Cox regression model. RESULTS: The distribution of premaintenance baseline CA-125 levels for the 384 patients was 58%, 34%, and 8% for values of (A) < or = 10 u/mL, (B) 11 to 20 u/mL, and (C) 21 to 35 u/mL, respectively. The baseline CA-125 was highly statistically significant, either as a categoric variable (P < .001) or as a continuous variable (P < .0001). Median PFS was 24 months, 17 months, and 7 months for groups (A), (B), and (C), respectively. There was no evidence the CA-125 effect differed by trial or treatment in an interaction analysis (P = .70). CONCLUSION: The baseline CA-125 level before initiation of maintenance chemotherapy strongly predicts the risk of subsequent relapse. Patients with premaintenance baseline CA-125 values < or = 10 u/mL have a superior PFS compared with higher levels in the normal CA-125 range. (+info)Relationship between frailty and cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans. (4/29)
(+info)Subrenal capsule assay in selection of chemotherapy after operation for recurrent ovarian cancer. (5/29)
Forty-six patients with recurrent ovarian cancer were reoperated, and cancer samples for the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) were collected from 23 of them, whereas this test was not done in the remaining 23 control patients. The SRCA was evaluable in 22 cases (96%). Taken together, no significant difference appeared in the 3 years' survival figures between the groups: seven of 22 patients (32%) with the evaluable SRCA and six of 23 control patients (26%) were alive. However, a further analysis of the data revealed that the SRCA guided the selection of chemotherapy only in 15 patients, whereas tumour samples were resistant to all cytostatics tested in six cases and toxic side-effects limited the clinical application of the test results in the remaining one case. Four of the 11 patients (36%) whose further chemotherapy was strictly chosen based on the SRCA and seven of the 24 patients (29%) whose treatment was based on physician's choice survived at least 3 years. Our conclusion is that the SRCA is of limited value in the selection of second-line chemotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer. (+info)Long-term follow-up and prognostic factor analysis in advanced ovarian carcinoma: the Gynecologic Oncology Group experience. (6/29)
Long-term follow-up was obtained on 726 women with advanced ovarian carcinoma (suboptimal stage III and stage IV) who had received primary chemotherapy on two Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocols between 1976 and 1982. The first study compared melphalan alone versus melphalan plus hexamethylmelamine versus cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin (CA). The second study evaluated the same CA regimen with or without cisplatin. Eligibility for the two studies was the same. At last contact, 76 patients were alive. In a multivariate analysis, cell type other than clear cell or mucinous, cisplatin-based treatment, good performance status, younger age, lower stage, clinically nonmeasurable disease, smaller residual tumor volume, and absence of ascites were favorable characteristics for overall survival (P less than .05). Second-look laparotomy was negative significantly more often among those with endometrioid tumors; there were no negative second-look laparotomies among those with mucinous or clear cell tumors. There were 30 patients with suboptimal stage III disease who had a negative second-look laparotomy; 18 (60%) have experienced recurrence, and 13 (43%) have died. Although cisplatin treatment was beneficial, new treatments are clearly needed. (+info)Hexamethylmelamine as consolidation treatment for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in complete response after first-line chemotherapy. (7/29)
(+info)Prognostic factors in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. (Gruppo Interregionale Cooperativo di Oncologia Ginecologica (GICOG)). (8/29)
The data on 914 patients enrolled in four randomised trials in advanced ovarian cancer, consecutively conducted by the same cooperative group between 1978 and 1986, were analysed with the aims of: (1) determining the impact of selected prognostic variables on survival; (2) finding, from the interaction of favourable prognostic factors and treatment, an approximate estimate of the magnitude of the survival advantage associated with the use of platinum-based combination chemotherapy. The overall 3-year survival in this series of patients is twice that reported historically (22%; 95% CL 18.7-25.4). The proportional hazard regression model was used to perform the analysis on survival. Residual tumour size, age, FIGO stage and cell type were all independent determinants of survival. Differences in survival from the various prognostic groups were impressive with 5-year survival rates ranging from 7 to 62%. However, these differences were not qualitative (i.e. the kinetics of survival were similar for the best and the worst groups) suggesting that current prognostic factors are of little use for selecting 'biologically' different sub-populations. Platinum-based regimens were associated to an overall prolonged median survival, but this benefit was not observable in the subgroup with most favourable prognosis (less than 2 cm residual tumour size). The implications of these observations for clinical research and ovarian cancer patients care are discussed. (+info)
Hexamethylmelamine-A new drug with activity in solid tumors<...
Altretamine and Etoposide in Treating Patients With HIV-Related Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Altretamine capsules
Altretamine capsules
Altretamine capsules
Cisplatin and etoposide as second-line chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer<...
Chemo bandanas - Answers on HealthTap
4-O- substituted isoindoline derivatives and compositions comprising and methods of using the same - Patent application
METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA USING 3-(4-AMINO-1-OXO-1,3-DIHYDROISOINDOL-2-YL)-PIPERIDINE-2,6-DIONE IN COMBINATION...
Four-Drug Combination Treatment in Hiv-Infected Subjects Failing Therapy With Antiretroviral Regimens - Tabular View -...
E4897 - Archived Educational Materials - ECOG-ACRIN
The Challenges of Risk Perception and Infectious Disease Response: Counteracting Inaccurate Risk Perception | Scowcroft...
Horton, C.
Why are fixed dose combinations of antibiotics generally not a good idea? - 2018 - ReAct
Animal Disease Response Training - Ohio Farm Bureau
The prognostic impact of EphB2/B4 expression on patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. - PubMed - NCBI
General | Regulation of human neutrophil-mediated cartilage proteoglycan degradation
March | 2017 | Regulation of human neutrophil-mediated cartilage proteoglycan degradation
Development of an Aquatic Emergency Animal Disease Response Agreement - Animal Health Australia
High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) As Salvage Therapy For Radio-recurrent Prostate Cancer: Predictors Of Disease Response...
Kansas running animal disease response exercise - Washington Times
Approves Gileads four-drug HIV treatment - tribunedigital-chicagotribune
Correlation of p53 immunostaining in primary and residual ovarian cancer at the time of positive second-look laparotomy and its...
Correlation of p53 immunostaining in primary and residual ovarian cancer at the time of positive second-look laparotomy and its...
Influence of secondary cytoreduction at the time of second-look laparotomy on the survival of patients with epithelial ovarian...
Drug information handbook for oncology : a complete guide to combination chemotherapy regimens (Book, 2013) [WorldCat.org]
GIS online training course «The use of GIS in animal disease response»
Drug combo effective against recurrent ovarian cancer; New oncopig billed as advance for cancer R&D; p53 mechanism could be...
Natural Compounds Block Autoimmune Disease Response in Diabetes and Arthritis - BioTech Weblog
Pembrolizumab shows modest, durable response in recurrent ovarian cancer
CDC pilot programs boost disease response in Uganda, Vietnam | THE OUTBREAK
Study of Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) in Recurrent Malignant Gliomas
Ranitidine - Wikipedia
Plus it
Second-look operation | definition of second-look operation by Medical dictionary
Webcast: Recognizing and Overcoming Challenges in the Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer | Libbys H*O*P*E*
IM-862 in Treating Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: Understand Your Treatment Options
Zejula Approved for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Cancer - MPR
Ontogeny and disease responses of Langerhans-like cells in lymphoid tissues of salmonid fish | IslandScholar
The Experience of Being Aware of Disease Status in Women with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Phenomenological Study<...
Gilead: Second Trial of 4-Drug AIDS Pill Meets Goal | Fox News
ViiVs Two-Drug HIV Treatment Works Well - POZ
The nephroblastomatosis complex and its relationship to Wilms tumor<...
PhD & MA Essays: Online homework systems plagiarism free!
Setback for Abiraterone Acetate in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Second-Look Surgery - procedure, tube, removal, pain, time, infection, medication, cells
Researchers Investigate Dasatinib in Combination with Other Drugs for Advanced, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer | folypeber
HIV/Tuberculosis
Pancreatic Cancer - An Introduction, with Dr. Andrew Ko | Cancer.Net
HMM, YOU MIGHT SAY LONDON
Lofepramine
Altretamine. Risk of severe drop in blood pressure upon standing. Analgesics (painkillers). Increased risk of ventricular ...
Triethylenemelamine
Altretamine "Risk of Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Long-Term Hereditary Retinoblastoma Survivors After Chemotherapy and ...
Eisai (company)
This event brought Dacogen (decitabine), Aloxi (palonosetron), Hexalen (altretamine) for ovarian cancer, and the Gliadel Wafer ...
Ferroptosis
Small molecules such as erastin, sulfasalazine, sorafenib, altretamine, RSL-3, ML-162 and ML-210 are known inhibitors of this ...
Melamine
... is part of the core structure for a number of drugs including almitrine, altretamine, cyromazine, ethylhexyl triazone ...
List of drugs: Al
... altretamine (INN) altumomab (INN) Alu-Cap Alu-Tab Aludrox aluminium clofibrate (INN) Alupent (Boehringer Ingelheim) Alustra ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... altretamine MeSH D03.383.931.190 - apazone MeSH D03.383.931.247 - atrazine MeSH D03.383.931.320 - ferrozine MeSH D03.383. ...
ATC code L01
Niraparib L01XK03 Rucaparib L01XK04 Talazoparib L01XK05 Veliparib L01XX01 Amsacrine L01XX02 Asparaginase L01XX03 Altretamine ...
Index of oncology articles
... altretamine - aluminium sulfate - ALVAC-CEA vaccine - Amanita phalloides - Ambien - amelanotic melanoma - Ames, Bruce - ...
Hemel
... a rugby league club Trade name for altretamine Hemel (film), a 2012 Dutch film Armijn Hemel Mark Hemel (born 1966), Dutch ...
Altretamine
... (trade name Hexalen) is an antineoplastic agent. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1990. It is indicated for use ... Malik IA (2001). "Altretamine is an effective palliative therapy of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer". Jpn. J ... ISBN 978-0-7817-6879-5. Drugs.com: Altretamine Monograph Wiernik, P. H.; Yeap, B.; Vogl, S. E.; Kaplan, B. H.; Comis, R. L.; ... The precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its anti-cancer effect is unknown but it is classified by MeSH as an ...
Bleomycin
InChI=1S/C55H83N17O21S3/c1-20-33(69-46(72-44(20)58)25(12-31(57)76)64-13-24(56)45(59)82)50(86)71-35(41(26-14-61-19-65-26)91-54-43(39(80)37(78)29(15-73)90-54)92-53-40(81)42(93-55(60)88)38(79)30(16-74)89-53)51(87)66-22(3)36(77)21(2)47(83)70-34(23(4)75)49(85)63-10-8-32-67-28(18-94-32)52-68-27(17-95-52)48(84)62-9-7-11-96(5)6/h14,17-19,21-25,29-30,34-43,53-54,64,73-75,77-81H,7-13,15-16,56H2,1-6H3,(H13-,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,65,66,69,70,71,72,76,82,83,84,85,86,87,88)/p+1/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25-,29-,30+,34-,35-,36-,37+,38+,39-,40-,41?,42-,43-,53+,54-/m0/s1 ...
Belotecan
... is a drug used in chemotherapy. It is a semi-synthetic camptothecin analogue indicated for Small Cell Lung Cancer and Ovarian Cancer, approved in South Korea under the trade name Camtobell(R), presented in 2 mg vials for injection.[1] The drug is marketed by ChongKunDang Pharmaceuticals [2] since 2003 [3] Belotecan blocks topoisomerase I with a pIC50 of 6.56,[4] stabilizing the cleavable complex of topoisomerase I-DNA, which inhibits the religation of single-stranded DNA breaks generated by topoisomerase I; lethal double-stranded DNA breaks occur when the topoisomerase I-DNA complex is encountered by the DNA replication machinery, DNA replication is disrupted, and the tumor cell undergoes apoptosis. Topoisomerase I is an enzyme that mediates reversible single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication. ...
Romidepsin
... was first reported in the scientific literature in 1994, by a team of researchers from Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Company (now Astellas Pharma) in Tsukuba, Japan, who isolated it in a culture of Chromobacterium violaceum from a soil sample obtained in Yamagata Prefecture.[3] It was found to have little to no antibacterial activity, but was potently cytotoxic against several human cancer cell lines, with no effect on normal cells; studies on mice later found it to have antitumor activity in vivo as well.[3]. The first total synthesis of romidepsin was accomplished by Harvard researchers and published in 1996.[4] Its mechanism of action was elucidated in 1998, when researchers from Fujisawa and the University of Tokyo found it to be a histone deacetylase inhibitor with effects similar to those of trichostatin A.[5]. ...
Chemotherapy
... (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology.. By common usage, the term chemotherapy has come to connote the use of rather non-specific intracellular poisons, especially related to inhibiting the process of cell division known as mitosis, and generally excludes agents that more selectively block extracellular growth signals (i.e. blockers of signal transduction). To avoid these connotations for recently developed (against specific molecular or genetic targets) therapies which inhibit of ...
Chlorambucil
Nitrogen mustards arose from the derivatization of sulphur mustard gas after military personnel exposed to it during World War I were observed to have decreased white blood cell counts.[15] Since the sulphur mustard gas was too toxic to be used in humans, Gilman hypothesized that by reducing the electrophilicity of the agent, which made it highly chemically reactive towards electron-rich groups, then less toxic drugs could be obtained. To this end, he made analogues that were less electrophilic by exchanging the sulphur with a nitrogen, leading to the nitrogen mustards.[16] With an acceptable therapeutic index in humans, nitrogen mustards were first introduced in the clinic in 1946.[17] Aliphatic mustards were developed first, such as mechlorethamine hydrochloride (mustine hydrochloride) which is still used in the clinic today. In the 1950s, aromatic mustards like chlorambucil were introduced as less toxic alkylating agents than the aliphatic nitrogen mustards, proving to be less electrophilic ...
Ribociclib
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 are enzymes that have been shown to promote cell division and multiplication in both normal and cancer cells. Many cancer cells have shown abnormalities that increase the activity of CDK, leading to the inactivation of certain tumor suppressor genes.[3][10] When used in combination with other drugs such as an ALK or an MEK inhibitor, ribociclib has been shown to have a synergistic effect, resulting in improved responses.[11][12] Again, this is likely a result of "crosstalk" between signaling pathways. Simply blocking one pathway in cancer tumorigenesis can sometimes result in "tumor compensation", where the tumor compensates for the blocked signaling pathway by utilizing other pathways to survive. By blocking several pathways at once, it is thought that the tumor is less able to compensate, and a greater anti-tumor response is often observed. Utilizing ribociclib in combination with other agents has been shown to reduce the development of resistance to ...
Cladribine
In the mid-1990s Beutler, in collaboration with Jack Sipe, a neurologist at Scripps, ran several clinical trials exploring the utility of cladribine in multiple sclerosis, based on the drug's immunosuppressive effects. Sipe's insight into MS, and Beutler's interest in MS due to his sister having it, led a very productive collaboration.[18]:17[22] Ortho-Clinical, a subsidiary of J&J, filed an NDA for cladribine for MS in 1997 but withdrew it in the late 1990s after discussion with the FDA proved that more clinical data would be needed.[23][24] Ivax acquired the rights for oral administration of cladribine to treat MS from Scripps in 2000,[25] and partnered with Serono in 2002.[24] Ivax was acquired by Teva in 2006,[26][27] and Merck KGaA acquired control of Serono's drug business in 2006.[28] An oral formulation of the drug with cyclodextrin was developed[29]:16 and Ivax and Serono, and then Merck KGaA conducted several clinical studies. Merck KGaA submitted an application to the European ...
Intercalation (biochemistry)
There are several ways molecules (in this case, also known as ligands) can interact with DNA. Ligands may interact with DNA by covalently binding, electrostatically binding, or intercalating.[1] Intercalation occurs when ligands of an appropriate size and chemical nature fit themselves in between base pairs of DNA. These ligands are mostly polycyclic, aromatic, and planar, and therefore often make good nucleic acid stains. Intensively studied DNA intercalators include berberine, ethidium bromide, proflavine, daunomycin, doxorubicin, and thalidomide. DNA intercalators are used in chemotherapeutic treatment to inhibit DNA replication in rapidly growing cancer cells. Examples include doxorubicin (adriamycin) and daunorubicin (both of which are used in treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma), and dactinomycin (used in Wilm's tumour, Ewing's Sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma). Metallointercalators are complexes of a metal cation with polycyclic aromatic ligands. The most commonly used metal ion is ruthenium(II), ...
Amrubicin
... (INN; previously known as SM-5887) is an anthracycline used in the treatment of lung cancer.[1] It is marketed in Japan since 2002 by Sumitomo under the brand name Calsed.[2] Amrubicin acts by inhibiting topoisomerase II, and has been compared in clinical trials with topotecan, a Topoisomerase I inhibitor.[3][4] It has also been studied for the treatment of bladder carcinoma[5] and gastric cancer.[6] Amrubicin was the first anthracycline derivative created by de novo synthesis and was first published in 1989 by scientists from Sumitomo.[7] ...
Docetaxel
where CL is total body clearance (L/h), BSA is total body surface area (m2), AAG and ALB represent alpha1 acid glycoprotein and albumin plasma concentrations (g/L) respectively, and AGE is the patients age (years).[13] HEP12 represents a measure of hepatic dysfunction, affecting clearance of docetaxel. This final model accounted for a modest proportion of patients and identified most of the patients varying from the model (population median of CL = 35.6 L/h) as having hepatic dysfunction, indicating hepatic function as the most unpredictable factor with regards to clearance variability.[13] Patients with significant hepatic dysfunction had an approximately 30% decrease in clearance of docetaxel and were also at a higher risk of toxicity poisoning from docetaxel treatment.[13] Clearance has been shown from population pharmacokinetic studies to decrease significantly with age, increased alpha1 acid glycoprotein and albumin concentrations and decreased body surface area.[13] Renal impairment is ...
Photodynamic therapy
In the late nineteenth century. Finsen successfully demonstrated phototherapy by employing heat-filtered light from a carbon-arc lamp (the "Finsen lamp") in the treatment of a tubercular condition of the skin known as lupus vulgaris, for which he won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[5] In 1913 another German scientist, Meyer-Betz, described the major stumbling block of photodynamic therapy. After injecting himself with haematoporphyrin (Hp, a photosensitiser), he swiftly experienced a general skin sensitivity upon exposure to sunlight-a recurrent problem with many photosensitisers.[5] The first evidence that agents, photosensitive synthetic dyes, in combination with a light source and oxygen could have potential therapeutic effect was made at the turn of the 20th century in the laboratory of Hermann von Tappeiner in Munich, Germany. Germany was leading the world in industrial dye synthesis at the time.[5] While studying the effects of acridine on paramecia cultures, Oscar Raab, a ...
Trabectedin
During the 1950s and 1960s, the National Cancer Institute carried out a wide-ranging program of screening plant and marine organism material. As part of that program extract from the sea squirt Ecteinascidia turbinata was found to have anticancer activity in 1969.[1] Separation and characterisation of the active molecules had to wait many years for the development of sufficiently sensitive techniques, and the structure of one of them, Ecteinascidin 743, was determined by KL Rinehart at the University of Illinois in 1984.[2] Rinehart had collected his sea squirts by scuba diving in the reefs of the West Indies.[3] Recently, the biosynthetic pathway responsible for producing the drug has been determined to come from Candidatus Endoecteinascidia frumentensis, a microbial symbiont of the tunicate.[4] The Spanish company PharmaMar licensed the compound from the University of Illinois before 1994[citation needed] and attempted to farm the sea squirt with limited success.[3] Yields from the sea squirt ...
Bendamustine
... was first made in 1963 by Ozegowski and Krebs in East Germany (the former German Democratic Republic).[9] Until 1990 it was available only in East Germany. East German investigators found that it was useful for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and lung cancer. Bendamustine received its first marketing approval in Germany, where it is marketed under the tradename Ribomustin, by Astellas Pharma GmbH's licensee, Mundipharma International Corporation Limited. It is indicated as a single-agent or in combination with other anti-cancer agents for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SymBio Pharmaceuticals Ltd. holds exclusive rights to develop and market bendamustine HCl in Japan and selected Asia Pacific Rim countries. In March 2008, Cephalon received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration to market bendamustine in the US, where it is sold under the ...
Pralatrexate
Research on this class of drugs began in the 1950s at SRI International, where scientists were focused on developing new chemotherapies and antifolates that would be effective against tumor cells.[1] In the late 1970s, researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discovered that cancerous cells take in natural folate through a protein identified as plasma membrane transporter (now referred to as "reduced folate carrier type 1" or "RFC-1"). Further research showed that when normal cells evolve into cancerous cells they often overproduce RFC-1 to ensure they get enough folate.[6] A subsequent scientific collaboration was ultimately formed among SRI International, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Southern Research Institute with the intention of developing an antifolate with greater therapeutic selectivity - an agent that could be more effectively internalized into tumors (transported into the cells through RFC-1) and would be more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells.[6] ...
Melphalan
Another amino acid-like drug is the antineoplastic agent melphalan. Tumor cells spend less time in resting phases than normal cells so at any given time, they are more likely to be metabolically active than most normal host cells. The rationale behind incorporating an alkylating function in a molecule resembling a primary cellular metabolite was to get a greater safety margin by fooling tumor cells into taking up the toxin preferentially. ...
Lomustine
... (INN), abbreviated as CCNU (original brand name (formerly available) is CeeNU, now marketed as Gleostine), is an alkylating nitrosourea compound used in chemotherapy. It is closely related to semustine and is in the same family as streptozotocin. It is a highly lipid-soluble drug,[2] thus it crosses the blood-brain barrier. This property makes it ideal for treating brain tumors, which is its primary use, although it is also used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma as a second-line option.[3] Lomustine has a long time to nadir (the time when white blood cells reach their lowest number). Unlike carmustine, lomustine is administered orally. It is a monofunctional alkylating agent, alkylates both DNA and RNA, has the ability to cross-link DNA.[4] As with other nitrosoureas, it may also inhibit several key enzymatic processes by carbamoylation of amino acids in proteins.[5] Lomustine is cell-cycle nonspecific. It has also been used in veterinary practice as a treatment for mast cell tumors in ...
Talazoparib
... acts as an inhibitor of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) which aids in single strand DNA repair. Cells that have BRCA1/2 mutations are susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibitors because of an accumulation of DNA damage.[2] Talazoparib is theorized to have a higher potency than olaparib due to the additional mechanism of action called PARP trapping. PARP trapping is the mechanism of action where the PARP molecule is trapped on the DNA, which interferes with the cells ability to replicate. Talazoparib is found to be ~100 fold more efficient in PARP trapping than olaparib.[9] However, this increased potency may not translate directly to clinical effectiveness as many other factors must be considered.[4][9] ...
Crosslinking of DNA
Crosslinked DNA is repaired in cells by a combination of enzymes and other factors from the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, homologous recombination, and the base excision repair (BER) pathway. To repair interstrand crosslinks in eukaryotes, a 3' flap endonuclease from the NER, XPF-ERCC1, is recruited to the crosslinked DNA, where it assists in 'unhooking' the DNA by cleaving the 3' strand at the crosslink site. The 5' strand is then cleaved, either by XPF-ERCC1 or another endonuclease, forming a double-strand break (DSB), which can then be repaired by the homologous recombination pathway.[17] DNA crosslinks generally cause loss of overlapping sequence information from the two strands of DNA. Therefore, accurate repair of the damage depends on retrieving the lost information from an undamaged homologous chromosome in the same cell. Retrieval can occur by pairing with a sister chromosome produced during a preceding round of replication. In a diploid cell retrieval may also occur by ...
Vinorelbine
... (NVB), sold under the brand name Navelbine among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.[3] This includes breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.[3] It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.[3][1] Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, pain at the site of injection, vomiting, feeling tired, numbness, and diarrhea.[3] Other serious side effects include shortness of breath.[3] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[3] Vinorelbine is in the vinca alkaloid family of medications.[1] It is believed to work by disrupting the normal function of microtubules and thereby stopping cell division.[3] Vinorelbine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[4] The wholesale price in the developing world as of 2014 is between 18.10 and 42.82 USD per 50 mg vial.[5] This amount in ...
Altretamine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Altretamine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking altretamine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to altretamine, any other medications, or any ... You should not become pregnant or breast-feed while you are taking altretamine. If you become pregnant while taking altretamine ... Altretamine comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken four times a day (a dose after each meal and a dose at ...
Altretamine - Wikipedia
Altretamine (trade name Hexalen) is an antineoplastic agent. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in 1990. It is indicated for use ... Malik IA (2001). "Altretamine is an effective palliative therapy of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer". Jpn. J ... ISBN 978-0-7817-6879-5. Drugs.com: Altretamine Monograph Wiernik, P. H.; Yeap, B.; Vogl, S. E.; Kaplan, B. H.; Comis, R. L.; ... The precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its anti-cancer effect is unknown but it is classified by MeSH as an ...
altretamine
... is used to ease the symptoms of ovarian cancer. This medication will not treat the cancer itself. Altretamine is ... Altretamine is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. ... What is altretamine?. Altretamine is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. ... What is the most important information I should know about altretamine?. You should not use altretamine if you have severe ...
Altretamine - Medical Dictionary / Glossary | Medindia
Altretamine - An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents, is clearly explained in ... Altretamine - Glossary. Written & Compiled by Medindia Content Team. Medically Reviewed by The Medindia Medical Review Team on ... Medical Word - Altretamine. Ans : An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. ...
Altretamine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD
Find patient medical information for altretamine oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, ... Altretamine 50 Mg Capsule Generic Name(S): altretamine View Free Coupon * Uses ... Does Altretamine 50 Mg Capsule interact with other medications? * Should I avoid certain foods while taking Altretamine 50 Mg ... How to use Altretamine 50 Mg Capsule Consult your pharmacist or physician. ...
Altretamine Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com
Learn about the potential side effects of altretamine. Includes common and rare side effects information for consumers and ... Applies to altretamine: oral capsules. Warning. Experience of Supervising Clinician * Use only under the supervision of a ... Commonly reported side effects of altretamine include: peripheral neuropathy, anemia, and nausea and vomiting. Other side ... Altretamine Side Effects. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Sep 29, 2020. ...
Altretamine and coccidioidin skin test Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between altretamine and coccidioidin skin test. View detailed information regarding this ... Depending on the dose and length of time you have been on altretamine, you may have a reduced response to the skin test. It is ... If you are currently being treated or have recently been treated with altretamine, you should let your doctor know before ...
Altretamine capsules - AHealthyMe - Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
Altretamine and Etoposide in Treating Patients With HIV-Related Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Altretamine and Etoposide in Treating Patients With HIV-Related Cancer. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... Drug Information available for: Altretamine Etoposide Etoposide phosphate Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center ... Altretamine. Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic. Antineoplastic Agents. Topoisomerase II Inhibitors. Topoisomerase Inhibitors. ... OUTLINE: Patients are treated with altretamine (HMM) and etoposide for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest. This cycle is ...
Altretamine and Etoposide in Treating Patients With HIV-Related Cancer
altretamine/carboplatin/cyclophosphamide | Semantic Scholar
화자의 개인성 정보를 치환하거나 수정하는 음성변환은, 일반적으로 원시화자와 목적화자의 성도 특성을 나타내는 파라미터간의 학습된 사상관계를 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 정확한 사상관계 학습과 자연스러운 변환음을 위해 화자의 동적특성을 반영하는 은닉 마르코프 모델(HMM) 기반의 음성변환 방법을 제안한다. HMM의 각 상태는 음향학적으로 유사한 특징 파라미터의 집합으로 나타나게 되며, 1차 마르코프 연쇄로 연결되어 화자의 동적특성을 반영하게 된다. 각 상태별 변환법칙을 위해 화자간의 사상관계를 포함하는 변환 HMM을 제안하고, 변환 HMM의 생성 및 이를 이용한 음성변화 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 수행된 실험 결과, 기존의 시스템에 비해 목적화자에 보다 가깝고 자연스러운 변환음을 생성함을 알 수 있었다 ...
Altretamine - Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Overdose, Pregnancy, Alcohol | The Medicine Shoppe
Get up-to-date information on Altretamine side effects, uses, dosage, overdose, pregnancy, alcohol and more. Learn more about ... Altretamine is a prescription medication used to treat ovarian cancer in adults. Altretamine belongs to a group of drugs called ... Serious allergic reactions have been reported with altretamine use. Do not take altretamine if you are allergic to any of its ... In the case of altretamine there are no specific foods that you must exclude from your diet when receiving altretamine. ...
Altretamine capsules
Altretamine | 645-05-6 | B2444 | BioVision, Inc.
IUCr) The effect of cation-π inter-actions on the stability and electronic properties of anti-cancer drug Altretamine: a...
Keywords: cation-π inter-action; Altretamine; DFT; AIM; NBO; hexa-methyl-melamine; crystal structure; anticancer drug; ... Altretamine (ALT) belongs to the group of pharmaceuticals called anti-neoplastics (Damia & DIncalci, 1995. ). In fact, ALT is ... analyzed encapsulation of Thio-tepa and Altretamine as neurotoxic anti-cancer drugs in the cucurbit[n]uril (n = 7, 8) ... Altretamine (trade name Hexalen) is an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drug that works by reducing or stopping the growth of ...
Altretamine | Semantic Scholar
Although the precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its cytotoxic effect is unknown, N-demethylation of altretamine may ... Altretamine 50 MG Oral Capsule [Hexalen]. Altretamine/cisplatin/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin protocol. HAC protocol ... Altretamine. Known as: Altrétamine, Altretaminum, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethyl- Expand. ...
Altretamine - Queen's Natural Market
Altretamine - Better Life Whole Foods
Altretamine (Oral Route) - Drugs & Supplements
Altretamine belongs to the group of medicines called antineoplastics. It is used to treat cancer of the ovaries. It may also be ... Infection - Altretamine may decrease your bodys ability to fight infection * Kidney disease - Effects of altretamine may be ... Before Using Altretamine (Oral Route). In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against ... Altretamine belongs to the group of medicines called antineoplastics. It is used to treat cancer of the ovaries. It may also be ...
Altretamine Capsules Manufacturer,Supplier,Exporter from India
Supplier and Exporter of Altretamine Capsules located in Surat, Gujarat, India. ... Altretamine Capsules Altretamine is used for Ovarian Cancer and other conditions. Altretamine is used for the treatment, ... Altretamine improves the patients condition by performing the following functions Slowing or stopping the growth of cancer ... The following is a list of possible side-effects that may occur in medicines that contain Altretamine. This is not a ...
Drug Information
Altretamine (Hexalen) | HemOnc.org - A Hematology Oncology Wiki
1200 USP Chemicals
How Chemotherapy Drugs Work
Compare Current Cancer of the Ovary Drugs and Medications with Ratings & Reviews
Everything you need to know about oral chemotherapy
Oral chemotherapy in the form of pills, liquids, or tablets is a treatment option for some types and stages of cancer. Advantages include not having to visit a clinic as frequently, while disadvantages include the risk of making dosing errors when taking the medication at home. Learn more about oral chemotherapy here.
Hexalen6
- Altretamine (trade name Hexalen) is an antineoplastic agent. (wikipedia.org)
- Triethylenemelamine "Hexalen (altretamine) Capsule. (wikipedia.org)
- Hexalen Capsules (altretamine). (drugs.com)
- Hexalen is the trade name for Altretamine. (chemocare.com)
- In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name Hexalen or other names hexamethylmelamine or HMM when referring to the generic drug name Altretamine. (chemocare.com)
- Hexalen (altretamine) capsules 50 mg [MGI PHARMA, INC. (bioportfolio.com)
Capsule5
- Altretamine comes as a capsule to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Does Altretamine 50 Mg Capsule interact with other drugs you are taking? (webmd.com)
- Are you currently using Altretamine 50 Mg Capsule? (webmd.com)
- Altretamine comes as a capsule to be taken by mouth, 4 times a day, after meals and at bedtime. (medicineshoppe.com)
- Altretamine is taken by mouth in capsule form. (chemocare.com)
Take altretamine6
- Take altretamine at around the same time every day. (medlineplus.gov)
- Take altretamine exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your doctor may tell you not to take altretamine. (medlineplus.gov)
- How should I take altretamine? (rexhealth.com)
- Take altretamine after meals and at bedtime, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. (rexhealth.com)
- Do not take altretamine if you are allergic to any of its ingredients. (medicineshoppe.com)
Ovarian5
- Altretamine is used to ease the symptoms of ovarian cancer. (rexhealth.com)
- Altretamine is a prescription medication used to treat ovarian cancer in adults. (medicineshoppe.com)
- Altretamine is a prescription medication approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer after treatment with other medications has not been effective. (medicineshoppe.com)
- Altretamine is used for Ovarian Cancer and other conditions. (medzeellifescience.com)
- Altretamine is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms like Ovarian Cancer. (medzeellifescience.com)
Capsules1
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to altretamine, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in altretamine capsules. (medlineplus.gov)
Medicines4
- Altretamine is usually given after other cancer medicines have been tried without success. (rexhealth.com)
- Other drugs may interact with altretamine, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. (rexhealth.com)
- Altretamine belongs to the group of medicines called antineoplastics. (pharmacypedia.org)
- The following is a list of possible side-effects that may occur in medicines that contain Altretamine. (medzeellifescience.com)
Cisplatin1
- Combination with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) decreases neurotoxicity but has been found to reduce the effectiveness of an altretamine/cisplatin regime. (wikipedia.org)
Interferes with the growth2
- Altretamine is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. (rexhealth.com)
- Altretamine interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. (pharmacypedia.org)
Hexamethylmelamine1
- Hexamethylmelamine and HMM are other names for Altretamine. (chemocare.com)
Etoposide3
- PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of altretamine plus etoposide in treating patients with HIV-related cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- OBJECTIVES: I. Determine toxic effects of repeated courses of altretamine plus etoposide at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- OUTLINE: Patients are treated with altretamine (HMM) and etoposide for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Meen1
- ALTRETAMINE (al TRET a meen) is a chemotherapy drug. (ahealthyme.com)
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS1
- Altretamine is a medication that is in a class of medications called antineoplastic agents. (medlineplus.gov)
Allergic1
- Serious allergic reactions have been reported with altretamine use. (medicineshoppe.com)
Pregnant5
- You should not become pregnant or breast-feed while you are taking altretamine. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you become pregnant while taking altretamine, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not use altretamine if you are pregnant. (rexhealth.com)
- This medication falls into category D. It has been shown that use of altretamine in pregnant women caused some babies to be born with problems. (medicineshoppe.com)
- For both men and women: Do not conceive a child (get pregnant) while taking altretamine. (chemocare.com)
Belongs1
- Altretamine belongs to a group of drugs called alkylating agents, which slow or stop cancer cell growth. (medicineshoppe.com)
Pharmacist1
- Your pharmacist can provide more information about altretamine. (rexhealth.com)
Dose3
- Your doctor may adjust your dose of altretamine depending on your response to treatment and any side effects that you experience. (medlineplus.gov)
- Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose of altretamine. (rexhealth.com)
- Depending on the dose and length of time you have been on altretamine, you may have a reduced response to the skin test. (drugs.com)
Orthostatic1
- Altretamine may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Tianeptine. (drugbank.ca)
Drugs2
- Drugs.com: Altretamine Monograph Wiernik, P. H. (wikipedia.org)
- What other drugs will affect altretamine? (rexhealth.com)
Doctor's2
- Altretamine is available only with your doctor's prescription. (pharmacypedia.org)
- Do not receive any kind of immunization or vaccination without your doctor's approval while taking altretamine. (chemocare.com)
Severe nerve2
- Altretamine may cause severe nerve damage. (medlineplus.gov)
- You should not use altretamine if you have severe nerve problems or severe bone marrow suppression. (rexhealth.com)
Meals1
- Altretamine should be taken after meals. (chemocare.com)
Treatment5
- Your doctor will order certain tests before and during your treatment to check your body's response to altretamine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Altretamine is used to treat cancer of the ovaries (cancer that begins in the female reproductive organs where eggs are formed) that has not improved or that has worsened after treatment with other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
- Altretamine is given in a 28-day treatment cycle, and you may only need to take the medicine during the first 2 or 3 weeks of each cycle. (rexhealth.com)
- Before you begin treatment with altretamine, you and your doctor should talk about the good this medicine will do as well as the risks of using it. (pharmacypedia.org)
- Before starting altretamine treatment, make sure you tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking (including prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, herbal remedies, etc. (chemocare.com)
Pregnancy1
- Pregnancy category D (altretamine may be hazardous to the fetus. (chemocare.com)
Fetus1
- Altretamine may harm the fetus. (medlineplus.gov)
Nervous system1
- Altretamine can affect your nervous system. (rexhealth.com)
Breast2
- It is not known whether altretamine passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. (rexhealth.com)
- It is not known if altretamine is excreted in human breast milk or if it will harm your nursing baby. (medicineshoppe.com)
Doctor3
- Do not stop taking altretamine without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your doctor will determine how long to treat you with altretamine. (rexhealth.com)
- If you are currently being treated or have recently been treated with altretamine, you should let your doctor know before receiving coccidioidin skin test. (drugs.com)
Occur1
- Since the growth of normal body cells may also be affected by altretamine, other effects will also occur. (pharmacypedia.org)
Side4
- Altretamine may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- What are the possible side effects of altretamine? (rexhealth.com)
- This is not a complete list of altretamine side effects. (medicineshoppe.com)
- Although there is no specific information comparing use of altretamine in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults. (pharmacypedia.org)
Cancer cells2
- Altretamine harms cancer cells causing their death. (queensnaturalmarket.com)
- Altretamine improves the patient's condition by performing the following functions Slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. (medzeellifescience.com)