Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE.
A genus of TOGAVIRIDAE, also known as Group A arboviruses, serologically related to each other but not to other Togaviridae. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the SINDBIS VIRUS.
The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines. It is seen most commonly in parts of Central and South America.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS associated with epidemic EXANTHEMA and polyarthritis in Australia.
A species of ALPHAVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines in the United States, southern Canada, and parts of South America.
The family Hirundinidae, comprised of small BIRDS that hunt flying INSECTS while in sustained flight.
Any DNA sequence capable of independent replication or a molecule that possesses a REPLICATION ORIGIN and which is therefore potentially capable of being replicated in a suitable cell. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
A family of wingless, blood-sucking insects of the suborder HETEROPTERA, including the bedbugs and related forms. Cimex (BEDBUGS), Heamatosiphon, and Oeciacus are medically important genera. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing encephalomyelitis in Equidae and humans. The virus ranges along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States and Canada and as far south as the Caribbean, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Infections in horses show a mortality of up to 90 percent and in humans as high as 80 percent in epidemics.
A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.
A form of arboviral encephalitis endemic to Central America and the northern latitudes of South America. The causative organism (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, VENEZUELAN EQUINE) is transmitted to humans and horses via the bite of several mosquito species. Human viral infection may be asymptomatic or remain restricted to a mild influenza-like illness. Encephalitis, usually not severe, occurs in a small percentage of cases and may rarely feature SEIZURES and COMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp9-10)
Arthropod-borne viruses. A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Included are some members of the following families: ARENAVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; TOGAVIRIDAE; and FLAVIVIRIDAE. (From Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)
Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.
A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.

Mayaro virus disease: an emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America. (1/604)

This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of Mayaro virus (MV) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical South America. MV disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3-5 days' duration. Severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for months and can be quite incapacitating. Cases of two visitors from the United States, who developed MV disease during visits to eastern Peru, are reported. MV disease and dengue are difficult to differentiate clinically.  (+info)

Vectors of Chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. (2/604)

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to human beings by Aedes genus mosquitoes. From 1972 to 1986 in Kedougou, Senegal, 178 Chikungunya virus strains were isolated from gallery forest mosquitoes, with most of them isolated from Ae. furcifer-taylori (129 strains), Ae. luteocephalus (27 strains), and Ae. dalzieli (12 strains). The characteristics of the sylvatic transmission cycle are a circulation periodicity with silent intervals that last approximately three years. Few epidemics of this disease have been reported in Senegal. The most recent one occurred in 1996 in Kaffrine where two Chikungunya virus strains were isolated from Ae. aegypti. The retrospective analysis of viral isolates from mosquitoes, wild vertebrates, and humans allowed to us to characterize Chikungunya virus transmission cycles in Senegal and to compare them with those of yellow fever virus.  (+info)

Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia. (3/604)

The molecular epidemiology and evolution of Sindbis (SIN) virus in Australia was examined. Several SIN virus strains isolated from other countries were also included in the analysis. Two regions of the virus genome were sequenced including a 418 bp region of the E2 gene and a 484 bp region containing part of the junction region and the 5' end of the C gene. Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence data from 40 SIN virus isolates clearly separated the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian genetic types of SIN virus. Examination of the Australian strains showed a temporal rather than geographic relationship. This is consistent with the virus having migratory birds as the major vertebrate host, as it allows for movement of virus over vast areas of the continent over a relatively short period of time. The results suggest that the virus is being periodically redistributed over the continent from an enzootic focus of evolving SIN virus. However, SIN virus strains isolated from mosquitoes collected in the south-west of Australia appear to represent a new SIN virus lineage, which is distinct from the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian lineages. Given the widespread geographic dispersal of the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian lineages, it is surprising that the South-west genetic type is so restricted in its area of circulation. Nucleotide sequence data from the C gene of the prototype strain of the alphavirus Whataroa were also determined. This virus was found to be genetically distinct from the SIN virus isolates included in the present study; however, it is clearly SIN-like and appears to have evolved from a SIN-like ancestral virus.  (+info)

Salmon pancreas disease virus, an alphavirus infecting farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (4/604)

A 5.2-kb region at the 3' terminus of the salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) RNA genome has been cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences show that SPDV shares considerable organizational and sequence identity to members of the genus alphavirus within the family Togaviridae. The SPDV structural proteins encoded by the 5.2-kb region contain a number of unique features when compared to other sequenced alphaviruses. Based on cleavage site homologies, the predicted sizes of the SPDV envelope glycoproteins E2 (438 aa) and E1 (461 aa) are larger than those of other alphaviruses, while the predicted size of the alphavirus 6K protein is 3.2 K (32 aa) in SPDV. The E2 and E1 proteins each carry one putative N-linked glycosylation site, with the site in E1 being found at a unique position. From amino acid sequence comparisons of the SPDV structural region with sequenced alphaviruses overall homology is uniform, ranging from 32 to 33%. While nucleotide sequence analysis of the 26S RNA junction region shows that SPDV is similar to other alphaviruses, analysis of the 3'-nontranslated region reveals that SPDV shows divergence in this region.  (+info)

Virus infection induces neuronal apoptosis: A comparison with trophic factor withdrawal. (5/604)

Multicellular organisms can employ a number of defences to combat viral replication, the most dramatic being implementation of a cell autonomous apoptotic process. The overall cost to the viability of an organism of losing infected cells by apoptosis may be small if the dying cells can be substituted. In contrast, suicide of irreplaceable cells such as highly specialised neurons may have a more dramatic, even fatal consequence. Previous in vitro approaches to understanding whether neurotropic viruses cause neurons to apoptose have utilised transformed cell lines. These are not in the appropriate state of differentiation to provide an accurate indication of events in vivo. We have chosen to characterise the ability of a model CNS disease-causing virus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), to infect and trigger apoptosis in primary cultures of nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent sensory neurons. These cells are known to die when deprived of NGF and constitute a useful indicator of apoptosis. We observe that infection causes cell death which bears the morphological hallmarks of apoptosis, this occurs even in the present of survival promoting NGF and is concomitant with new virus production. Using the TUNEL (transferase dUTP nick end labelling) technique we show that SFV-induced apoptosis involves DNA fragmentation and requires caspase (CED-3/ICE cysteine protease) activation, as does apoptosis induced by NGF-deprivation. Extensive areas of apoptosis, as defined using a combination of ultrastructural analysis and TUNEL occur in infected neonatal mouse brains. The novel evidence that infection of primary neurons with SFV induces apoptosis with activation of one or more caspases defines a system for the further anlaysis of apoptosis regulation in physiologically relevant neurons.  (+info)

Recombinant Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus efficiently infect neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. (6/604)

Gene transfer into nervous tissue is a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function. By using a rat hippocampal slice culture preparation, we show here that Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and Sindbis virus (SIN) vectors are useful for the effective infection of neurons. The stratum pyramidale and/or the granular cell layer were injected with recombinant virus encoding beta-galactosidase (LacZ) or green fluorescent protein (GFP). By using low concentrations of injected SFV-LacZ or SIN-LacZ, we detected LacZ staining of pyramidal cells, interneurons, and granule cells. About 60% of the infected cells showed clear neuronal morphology; thus, relatively few glial cells expressed the transgene. Expression of GFP from SFV and SIN vectors gave similar results, with an even higher percentage (>90%) of the GFP-positive cells identified as neurons. Infected pyramidal cells were readily recognized in living slices, displaying GFP fluorescence in dendrites of up to fourth order and in dendritic spines. They appeared morphologically normal and viable at 1-5 days postinfection. We conclude that both SFV and SIN vectors efficiently transfer genes into neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. In combination with the GFP reporter, SFV and SIN vectors will allow the physiological examination of identified neurons that have been modified by overexpression or suppression of a specific gene product.  (+info)

Enzyme distributions in subcellular fractions of BHK cells infected with Semliki forest virus: evidence for a major fraction of sphingomyelin synthase in the trans-golgi network. (7/604)

BHK cells either untreated or infected with Semliki Forest virus have been fractionated on sucrose density gradients. Virus infection caused an increase in density of a membrane fraction enriched in sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol, SM synthase and sialyltransferase activity. This increase in density was related to incorporation of viral proteins into this fraction, which is likely to contain trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes. In contrast, glucosylceramide synthase and galactosyltransferase activities (markers for cis/medial and trans-Golgi respectively) underwent no density shift and alkaline phosphodiesterase, a plasma membrane marker, was only slightly density-shifted in infected cells. When cells were incubated with NBD-ceramide to enable them to synthesise NBD-SM and then washed with albumin to remove surface label, fluorescence in untreated cells was concentrated in a single juxtanuclear spot but in infected cells this region of bright fluorescence was larger and extended around the nucleus. After fractionation of these cells, NBD-SM (but only a small proportion of the NBD-ceramide) was found to be shifted into the higher density fraction in infected cells. This work provides further evidence that SM synthase is not mainly localised in the early Golgi cisternae as previously thought, but is associated more with a cholesterol-rich compartment which could be the TGN.  (+info)

Human MxA protein protects mice lacking a functional alpha/beta interferon system against La crosse virus and other lethal viral infections. (8/604)

The human MxA protein is part of the antiviral state induced by alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). MxA inhibits the multiplication of several RNA viruses in cell culture. However, its antiviral potential in vivo has not yet been fully explored. We have generated MxA-transgenic mice that lack a functional IFN system by crossing MxA-transgenic mice constitutively expressing MxA with genetically targeted (knockout) mice lacking the beta subunit of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR-1(-/-) mice). These mice are an ideal animal model to investigate the unique antiviral activity of human MxA in vivo, because they are unable to express other IFN-induced proteins. Here, we show that MxA confers resistance to Thogoto virus, La Crosse virus, and Semliki Forest virus. No Thogoto virus progeny was detectable in MxA-transgenic mice, indicating an efficient block of virus replication at the primary site of infection. In the case of La Crosse virus, MxA restricted invasion of the central nervous system. In contrast, Semliki Forest virus multiplication in the brain was detectable in both MxA-expressing and nonexpressing IFNAR-1(-/-) mice. However, viral titers were clearly reduced in MxA-transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate that MxA does not need the help of other IFN-induced proteins for activity but is a powerful antiviral agent on its own. Moreover, the results suggest that MxA may protect humans from potential fatal infections by La Crosse virus and other viral pathogens.  (+info)

Alphaviruses are a group of viruses that cause a range of diseases, including arthritis, encephalitis, and fever. These viruses are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes or other insects.

There are several different types of alphaviruses, including:

* Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
* Sindbis virus (SINV)
* Ross River virus (RRV)
* Barmah Forest virus (BFV)

The symptoms of alphavirus infections can vary depending on the specific type of virus and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:

* Fever
* Headache
* Muscle and joint pain
* Swelling and inflammation
* Rash
* Fatigue
* Weakness

In some cases, alphavirus infections can lead to more serious complications, such as meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). These complications are more likely to occur in older adults or people with weakened immune systems.

There is no specific treatment for alphavirus infections, but symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, fever reducers, and anti-inflammatory medications. Rest, hydration, and supportive care may also be recommended. Prevention is key to avoiding alphavirus infections, and this includes protecting against mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in air-conditioned or screened areas. Vaccines are also being developed to protect against some of the most common types of alphaviruses.

In severe cases, VEE can be fatal. There is no specific treatment for the disease, but supportive care such as intravenous fluids and antipyretic medications may be provided to alleviate symptoms. Prevention of VEE involves vaccination and control of mosquito populations.

The symptoms of Togaviridae infections can vary depending on the specific virus and the individual infected, but may include fever, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, and rash. In severe cases, these infections can lead to hemorrhagic fever, shock, and even death.

There is no specific treatment for Togaviridae infections, but early diagnosis and supportive care, such as fluid replacement and management of fever and pain, can help alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in air-conditioned or screened areas. Vaccines are also available for some of the diseases caused by Togaviridae viruses, such as yellow fever.

Togaviridae infections are a significant public health concern in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquitoes are more prevalent. Outbreaks of these diseases can have a significant impact on individuals, communities, and economies, highlighting the importance of continued research and development of effective prevention and control measures.

... may be caused by a Sindbis virus infection, and result in a cutaneous eruption of multiple, erythematous, ... 4- to 4-mm papules.: 403 Alphavirus Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the ...
Terrestrial alphavirus infections are spread by insect vectors such as mosquitoes. Once a human is bitten by the infected ... Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the ... Alphaviruses that could infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific ... Another branch of research involving alphaviruses is in vaccination. Alphaviruses are apt to be engineered to create replicon ...
IFITM proteins did not affect alphavirus, arenavirus, or murine leukaemia virus infection. IFITM proteins inhibit viral ... IFITM proteins also are able to inhibit several infection with other enveloped viruses that belong to different virus families ... "IFITM3 inhibits influenza A virus infection by preventing cytosolic entry". PLOS Pathog. 7 (10): e1002337. doi:10.1371/journal. ...
"Reverse transcription-PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection and differentiation of alphavirus infections". ... "Imported Mayaro virus infection in the Netherlands". The Journal of Infection. 61 (4): 343-5. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.06.009. ... The MAYV infection can be confirmed by laboratory testing such as virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. The virus isolation in ... Infection with Mayaro virus causes an acute, self-limited dengue-like illness of 3-5 days' duration. The causative virus, ...
Virus entry and replication in the brain precedes blood-brain barrier disruption during intranasal alphavirus infection. Cain ... Klein also found that these microglia remain active long after infection clears leading to post-infection inflammation and ... accumulate around neurons at the site of infection and complement protein is also highly expressed at the site of infection. ... Another goal of the Klein lab is to understand how glial cells regulate T cell activity in viral infections and autoimmune ...
Alphavirus infection MicrobiologyBytes: Togaviruses CDC: Pogosta disease and Sindbis virus Sindbis virus-ICTVdB-The Universal ... Clinical infection and disease in humans however has almost only been reported from Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden, Russian ... Sindbis virus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the Alphavirus genus. The virus was first isolated in 1952 in ...
... hemagglutinin expressed by an alphavirus replicon system protects chickens against lethal infection with Hong Kong-origin H5N1 ... Typical RNA viruses used as vectors include retroviruses, lentiviruses, alphaviruses and rhabdoviruses, each of which can ... particularly by avoiding the cost of harvesting and adapting dendritic cells from patients and by imitating a regular infection ... "Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines against Ebola and Marburg virus infections". The Journal of Infectious ...
... and alphavirus infections (e.g., chikungunya, Mayaro, Ross River, Barmah Forest, O'nyong'nyong, and Sindbis viruses)." In small ... cytomegalovirus infection, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and herpes simplex virus. Some tests should be ... Infections in pregnant women can spread to the baby. Diagnosis is by testing the blood, urine, or saliva for the presence of ... It may involve infection of the primary neural stem cells of the fetal brain, known as neural progenitor cells. The main roles ...
... and lupus erythematosus but can also be caused by infection with an alphavirus such as chikungunya virus and Ross River virus. ... is the most widely distributed of the alphaviruses causing polyarthritis, though infection is usually mild or asymptomatic. It ... Alphavirus Polyarthritis Syndrome has an incubation period of 3-21 days, depending on the specific virus, with either a gradual ... This condition is termed alphavirus polyarthritis syndrome. Sindbis virus, which is endemic in Northern Europe, Africa, the ...
... tropical disease caused by infection by the Ross River virus, a mosquito-borne alphavirus. In 1959, an Aedes vigilax mosquito ... There have been major outbreaks of the disease in all Australian states through mosquito-borne infection with Ross River virus ...
Alphavirus infection Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood (unilateral laterothoracic exanthem) B virus infection ... Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection Cutaneous Pasteurella hemolytica infection Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection ... Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection Mycobacterium haemophilum infection Mycobacterium kansasii infection ... Acanthamoeba infection Amebiasis cutis Ant sting Arachnidism Baker's itch Balamuthia infection Bedbug infestation (bedbug bite ...
... alphavirus infections MeSH C02.782.930.100.370 - encephalomyelitis, equine MeSH C02.782.930.100.370.162 - encephalomyelitis, ... cardiovirus infections MeSH C02.782.687.207 - common cold MeSH C02.782.687.359 - enterovirus infections MeSH C02.782.687.359. ... deltaretrovirus infections MeSH C02.782.815.200.260 - enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH C02.782.815.200.470 - htlv-i infections ... avulavirus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.080.600 - newcastle disease MeSH C02.782.580.600.400 - henipavirus infections MeSH ...
Zika infections in adults can result in Guillain-Barré syndrome. In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections ... Symptoms are similar to other flaviviruses such as dengue fever or the alphavirus that causes chikungunya, but are milder in ... "As first imported case of Zika virus infection identified in Taiwan, Taiwan CDC to list Zika virus infection as Category II ... Prior to the outbreak, Zika was considered a mild infection, as most infections are asymptomatic, making it difficult to ...
He and his colleague Ilya Frolov are developing alphavirus replicon vectored RVF vaccines for use in livestock and ultimately ... His arenavirus research concentrates on the effects of infection on cellular function, particularly those molecular ...
... chance of dying from infection. Like most virus infections, there is the normal collection of flu-like symptoms from the immune ... Alphavirus virions are composed of the lipid envelope in which the E2 and E1 glycoproteins are located, and the nucleocapsid, ... Infection in humans and horses are different. In horses, the virus attacks the central nervous system, causing paralysis and ... Alphavirus nucleocapsids are assembled in the cytoplasm from the capsid proteins produced in translation of the viral genome. ...
Symptoms in horses occur 1-3 weeks after infection, and begin with a fever that may reach as high as 106 °F (41 °C). The fever ... Alphaviruses, Animal vaccines, Animal viral diseases, Biological weapons, Bird diseases, Horse diseases, Parasites of birds, ... The fatality rate in humans is 33%, and currently no cure is known for human infections. This virus has four variations in the ... Viral encephalitis, Viral infections of the central nervous system). ...
Recent research suggests that while such direct interactions may be what causes the budding of alphaviruses, this may not be ... As a result, flaviviruses and pseudo typed retroviruses have a harder time infecting TAM-deficient DCs, albeit infection can be ... They have been shown to play significant roles in immunity and infection. Viral glycoproteins, a new class of cellular ... A TAM kinase inhibitor, meanwhile, prevents infection of wild-type DCs. TAM receptors, which are potential targets for therapy ...
March 2016). "Protective monotherapy against lethal Ebola virus infection by a potently neutralizing antibody". Science. 351 ( ... Alphaviruses (Chikungunya, Western/Eastern/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis) Coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2) Enterovirus ... Disease acquisition and viral pathogenesis Infection and vaccine-induced immune responses Structure-based vaccine design ...
... is a mosquito-borne arbovirus in the Alphavirus genus. The virus was first isolated in Malaysia in 1955 from the ... Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi T, Yamanaka T, Kondo T (2015). "Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, ... In pigs, the virus causes miscarriage; symptoms occurred 1-3 days after experimental infection. Though the virus does not ... Zhai, You-gang (2008). "Complete sequence characterization of isolates of Getah virus (genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) ...
Similar Alphaviruses use gC protein to aid in binding the virion to the cell and gD to stabilize it, if required. gB, gD, gH, ... The means of infection influences which tissues will be affected first and the incubation time before symptoms show. Typically ... If host organisms survive primary infection, they enter a latent stage lasting up to 4 years. Latent stage leads to vertical ... Entrance to host cells begins infection, and is largely controlled by the US 2 viral protein. Envelope fusion with the plasma ...
Cross infection is caused by seawater currents, human activities and lacking measures to prevent risk of transmission between ... Salmon Pancreas disease (PD or SPD) is caused by a species of Salmonid Alphavirus (SAV) called Salmon pancreas disease virus ( ... The general symptoms of this virus infection also include difficulties to maintain a correct position in the water due to ... Deperasińska, Izabela; Schulz, Patrycja; Siwicki, Andrzej K. (2018-03-30). "Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)". Journal of Veterinary ...
... is a virus species in the genus Alphavirus. According to the Baltimore classification of viruses, it is a class IV ... Diaz LA, Spinsanti LI, Almiron WR, Contigiani MS (2003). "UNA virus: first report of human infection in Argentina". Rev. Inst. ... The Una virus is widely distributed in South America, where infections have been detected in mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts ...
and capillaria infections were found in gorillas that maintained more frequent contact with humans than those that did not. ... Chikungunya: The Chikungunya virus is a single stranded RNA alphavirus typically transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes to another ... The animal reservoir of the virus maintains a suitable virus level in the blood to allow the infection of a vector mosquito. A ... There does not seem to be any deleterious effects to the mosquito as a result of the parasitic infection. The Plasmodium ...
Some vaccine candidates for Plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus, encephalitic alphaviruses (including: VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV), ... with DNA shuffling has been used in combination with screening strategies to enhance vaccine candidates against infections with ...
... is an RNA virus in the genus Alphavirus. This disease was named after the Barmah Forest in the northern ... Although there is no specific treatment for infection with the Barmah Forest virus, the disease is non-fatal and most infected ... Direct contact with an infected person or animal does not cause infection. The virus is hosted mainly by marsupials, especially ... Hueston, L.; Toi, C. S.; Jeoffreys, N.; Sorrell, T.; & Gilbert, G. (2013). "Diagnosis of Barmah Forest virus infection by a ...
The type-1 interferon response seems to play an important role in the host's response to chikungunya infection. Upon infection ... Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a member of the genus Alphavirus, and family Togaviridae. It was first isolated in 1953 in ... Newborns are susceptible to particularly severe effects of Chikungunya infection. Signs of infection typically begin with fever ... "Infection of myofibers contributes to increased pathogenicity during infection with an epidemic strain of chikungunya virus". ...
Alphavirus replicase genes are expressed in addition to the vaccine insert. It is not clear how alphavirus replicons raise an ... No risk for infection Antigen presentation by both MHC class I and class II molecules Polarise T-cell response toward type 1 or ... Recombinant alphavirus-based vectors have been used to improve DNA vaccination efficiency. The gene encoding the antigen of ... The immune response of the patients was not robust enough to control HBV infection Additionally, the titres of specific ...
Helminth infections, as the most common infection of humans, are often found to be in multi-infection systems. For example, in ... Chikungunya virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus and family Togaviridae. The word "chikungunya" is from the Makonde ... There are 50-100 million dengue virus infections annually. Dengue fever is usually not fatal, but infection with one of four ... In a first-ever infection, the infected person usually develops symptoms within two to six weeks. During a second infection, ...
Since this is a virus fungicides will have no effect on the spread or infection of this disease. Make sure to remove all ... The alphavirus-like superfamily includes more than 250 plant and animal viruses including Tobacco mosaic virus, Semliki forest ... The dicistronic RNA3 (2.1 kb) encodes for two proteins, the 3a protein (involved in cell-to-cell migration during infection) ... "First Report of Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) and Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) Co-Infection in Triticale Plants in Poland." ...
Common symptoms of infection with the virus are polyarthritis, rash and fever. Other symptoms include eye pain, chest pain, ... ONNV is a togavirus (family Togaviridae), genus Alphavirus, is closely related to the chikungunya and Igbo Ora viruses, and is ... No fatalities due to infection are known. ONNV has at least three major subtypes, or strains, the genomic sequences of which ... "O'nyong-nyong Virus Infection Imported to Europe from Kenya by a Traveler". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (10): 1766-1767. ...
Infection. 43 (2): 229-230. doi:10.1007/s15010-014-0695-0. PMID 25380568. "Ross River virus infection - Symptoms, Treatment and ... The alphaviruses are a group of small enveloped single-strand positive-sense RNA viruses. RRV belongs to a subgroup of "Old ... The RRV infection is characterised by inflammation and pain to multiple joints. Hydration by sufficient fluid intake is ... Ross River fever is also known as Ross River virus infection or Ross River virus disease. Ross River virus is named after the ...
The Eilat virus is from the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Alphaviruses are miniature spherical shaped (around 70 nm in ... The Eilat virus's incapability of entering vertebrate cells was proven by infection with the EILV-expressing red fluorescent ... The Eilat virus shows an evolutionary change which may have occurred to alphaviruses. Normally, an alphavirus similar to that ... This would make the EILV be the second alphavirus which is able to employ a Anopheles species as a natural vector. This ...
After infection, the entirety of the host cell's translation machinery may be diverted to the production of viral proteins as a ... The phylum contains what have been referred to as the "alphavirus supergroup" and "flavivirus supergroup" along with various ... Kolondam B, Rao P, Sztuba-Solinska J, Weber PH, Dzianott A, Johns MA, Bujarski JJ (2015). "Co-infection with two strains of ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans, as in the case of SARS and MERS. ...
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne alpha virus that was first isolated after a 1952 outbreak in modern-day Tanzania. The virus has ... Aside from the locally acquired infections, there were 484 other cases reported in the United States as of 5 August 2014. As of ... Twelve cases of meningoencephalitis cases were confirmed to be associated with chikungunya infection. Other countries in the ... 16 October 2014). "Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections - an unprecedented epidemic wave of ...
Most cases are treated with two daily doses of oral ivermectin (200 μg per kg body weight), while severe infections are treated ... February 2016). "Discovery of berberine, abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other alphaviruses". ... Aberrant Nematode Infections". Parasitic Diseases (PDF) (7 ed.). New York: Parasites Without Borders. p. 299. Archived (PDF) ... A direct effect on malaria parasites could not be shown in an experimental infection of volunteers with Plasmodium falciparum. ...
Flies with a Diptericin A gene encoding a serine allele survive infection significantly more than flies with an arginine allele ... "An Antiviral Role for Antimicrobial Peptides during the Arthropod Response to Alphavirus Replication". J Virol. 87 (8): 4272-80 ...
This discovery led to a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and reliable diagnostic test for malaria infection that the NIH licensed ... antigen library immunisation using polynucleotides encoding flavivirus and alphavirus; multivalent antigenic polypeptides; and ...
WEE is commonly a subclinical infection; symptomatic infections are uncommon. However, the disease can cause serious sequelae ... WEE is a recombinant virus between two other alphaviruses, an ancestral Sindbis virus-like virus, and an ancestral Eastern ... There is no human vaccine for WEE and there are no licensed therapeutic drugs in the U.S. for this infection. The virus affects ... Eastern equine encephalitis virus Sherman, M. B.; Weaver, S. C. (2010). "Structure of the Recombinant Alphavirus Western Equine ...
Virus-cell fusions occur during infections of several viruses that are health concerns relevant today. Some of these include ... Class I fusogens are involved in flaviviruses (tick-borne encephalitis); alphaviruses (Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus, ... This class of fusogens contains some of the proteins utilized by influenza, HIV, coronaviruses, and Ebola during infection. ... Fusogens are highly conserved in mammals, and it is theorized that mammals adopted them after infection by retroviruses. ...
Human infections with most of these arboviruses are incidental, as humans are unable to replicate the virus to high enough ... A similar approach employs the insect-specific alphavirus Eilat virus as a vaccine platform. ... These new vaccine platforms ... St Leger J, Wu G, Anderson M, Dalton L, Nilson E, Wang D (2011). "West Nile virus infection in killer whale, Texas, USA, 2007 ... The JEV hairpin is significantly over-represented upon host cell infection and it has been suggested that the hairpin structure ...
However, it was not established that either of the two viruses were capable of infection or replication. In 1974, the first ... Other viruses that have been used as vectors include alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses, rhabdoviruses, Newcastle ... Infectious viruses capable of infection that are generated through artificial gene synthesis of all, or part of their genomes ( ... However, a capacity for viral transmission (the transfer of infections between host individuals), is either not required or is ...
"Sara Cherry". Lorne Infection & Immunity 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-02. Cherry, Sara R (1999). The regulation of V(D)J ... as well as alphaviruses and bunyavirales. Arthropod-borne viruses contain very little genetic information (around 11 kilobytes ... "Pinpointing Weaknesses in Zika Infection , Burroughs Wellcome Fund". www.bwfund.org. Retrieved 2020-04-02. "2019 Perelman ... Cherry looks to identify which proteins SARS-CoV-2 makes use of for infection. As the availability of N95 masks decreased, ...
Tambyah, P. A.; Koay, E. S. C.; Poon, M. L. M.; Lin, R. V. T. P.; Ong, B. K. C.; Transfusion-Transmitted Dengue Infection Study ... Group A denoted members of the genus Alphavirus, Group B were members of the genus Flavivirus, and Group C remains as the Group ... The majority of infections, however, are asymptomatic. Among cases in which symptoms do appear, symptoms tend to be non- ... In humans, symptoms of arbovirus infection generally occur 3-15 days after exposure to the virus and last three or four days. ...
It has also been shown that non-exosomal HAV (encapsidated) infection occurs independent of HAVCR1 expression. By using an ... New World arenavirus and alphavirus] that include viruses such as dengue and ebola. Entry of Lassa fever virus, influenza A ... which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity especially regarding the host response to viral infection. TIM-1 ... "Exosome mimicry by a HAVCR1-NPC1 pathway of endosomal fusion mediates hepatitis A virus infection". Nature Microbiology. 5 (9 ...
Most clinical cases of infection occur in and around the city of Miami. The abundance in clinical cases in certain parts of ... Everglades virus (EVEV) is an alphavirus included in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus complex. The virus circulates ... Symptoms of infection include: Enlarged, tender lymph nodes Fever Headache Malaise Myalgia Pharyngitis The virus is transmitted ... and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 25 (6 ...
2017). "Mapping the human memory B cell and serum neutralizing antibody responses to dengue virus serotype 4 infection and ... 2018). "Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses". Nature. 557 (7706): 570-4. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..570Z. ...
2007). "Ecological correlates of Buggy Creek Virus infection in Oeciacus vicarius, Southwestern Nebraska, 2004". Journal of ... genus Alphavirus). "Oeciacus vicarius Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-01. "Oeciacus ...
After infection, equines may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous system disorders. Humans also can contract this ... Alphaviruses, Horse diseases, Animal viral diseases, Biological weapons, Viral encephalitis, Health in Venezuela, Biological ...
While infection by arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses results in distinct clinical manifestations, both virus groups ... Alphaviruses are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease syndromes ranging from incapacitating arthritis to ... Infection and pathogenesis of encephalitic alphaviruses. Inoculation by encephalitic alphaviruses can occur subcutaneously… ... Infection and pathogenesis of encephalitic alphaviruses. Inoculation by encephalitic alphaviruses can occur subcutaneously ...
While infection by arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses results in distinct clinical manifestations, both virus groups ... Alphaviruses are emerging and reemerging viruses that cause disease syndromes ranging from incapacitating arthritis to ... Infection and pathogenesis of encephalitic alphaviruses. Inoculation by encephalitic alphaviruses can occur subcutaneously… ... Infection and pathogenesis of encephalitic alphaviruses. Inoculation by encephalitic alphaviruses can occur subcutaneously ...
... neurologic signs or unexplained deaths were tested for alphaviruses. We identified 32 (5.5%) of 608 alphavirus infections (9 ... Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Fatal and Neurologic Infections in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa On This Page ... Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Fatal and Neurologic Infections in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa. Emerging ... Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Fatal and Neurologic Infections in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa. Volume 26, ...
Alphavirus Infections / diagnosis* * Alphavirus Infections / immunology * Alphavirus Infections / transmission * Alphavirus* / ... Arthritis is more common and more prominent in RRV disease and rash is more common and florid with BFV infection, although the ... Diagnosis is based on serological tests and a definite diagnosis of recent infection requires the demonstration of rising ...
Alphaviruses: Serological Evidence of Human Infection in Paraguay (2012-2013). Alphaviruses: Serological Evidence of Human ... Alphavirus/genética; Alphavirus/isolamento & purificação; Infecções por Alphavirus/virologia; Criança; Pré-Escolar; Vírus da ... Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia; Alphavirus/imunologia; Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue; Adolescente; Adulto; Idoso; Idoso ... Infecções por Alphavirus / Alphavirus / Anticorpos Antivirais Tipo de estudo: Fatores de risco Limite: Adolescente / Adulto / ...
Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022 Apr 26;40:615-649. ... Immunity to arthritogenic alphaviruses. Alphaviruses are emerging and re-emerging positive-sense RNA viruses that have caused ... While the arthritogenic alphaviruses are genetically distinct, cross protection between the related alphaviruses has been ... Broadly Neutralizing Alphavirus Antibodies Bind an Epitope on E2 and Inhibit Entry and Egress. Cell. 2015 Nov 19;163(5):1095- ...
Alphavirus infections can either cause arthralgic or neuroinvasive disease. Other medically important alphaviruses found in the ... Chikungunya virus belongs to the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. ...
Alphavirus Transducing System: Tools for Visualizing Infection in Mosquito Vectors… * Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus ... Journal (Immunology and Infection). Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection ... Journal (Immunology and Infection). Time-lapse 3D Imaging of Phagocytosis by Mouse Macrophages ... Immunology and Infection Medicine Neuroscience Products JoVE Journal JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments ...
Categories: Alphavirus Infections Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Alphavirus Infections/immunology; Alphavirus Infections/mortality; Alphavirus Infections/prevention & control; Alphavirus ... Infections/virology; Alphavirus/immunology*; Animals; Antibodies, Viral/immunology; Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage; ... encephalitis virus E1 liposome antigen nucleic acid complexes protect mice from lethal challenge with multiple alphaviruses. ...
Noncapped Alphavirus Genomic RNAs and Their Role during Infection.. Sokoloski KJ; Haist KC; Morrison TE; Mukhopadhyay S; Hardy ... Alphavirus transducing system: tools for visualizing infection in mosquito vectors.. Phillips A; Mossel E; Sanchez-Vargas I; ... Sindbis Virus Infection Causes Cell Death by nsP2-Induced Transcriptional Shutoff or by nsP3-Dependent Translational Shutoff. ... 9. NF-κB Activation Promotes Alphavirus Replication in Mature Neurons.. Yeh JX; Park E; Schultz KLW; Griffin DE. J Virol; 2019 ...
Western equine encephalitis and eastern equine encephalitis alphaviruses are those most associated with a similar infection in ... Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. [5] These viruses were ... Alphaviruses are limited in their geographic spread primarily by the presence of an appropriate competent arthropod vector. At ... Neuronal infection with Venezuelan equine encephalitis is associated with the onset of acute encephalitis and cell death by ...
ALPHAVIRUS INFECT. Entry Term(s). Alpha Virus Infections Barmah Forest Virus Infection Infections, Alphavirus Mayaro Virus ... RNA Virus Infections [C01.925.782] * Togaviridae Infections [C01.925.782.930] * Alphavirus Infections [C01.925.782.930.100] * ... Arbovirus Infections [C01.920.500] * African Horse Sickness [C01.920.500.030] * Alphavirus Infections [C01.920.500.078] * ... Alphavirus Infections Preferred Concept UI. M0027587. Scope Note. Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of ...
The viral protein involved in sponsor translation arrest during New World alphavirus infection has not been determined ... causing the of bulk cells contaminated by these infections to become primed to withstand infection. Thus, prior work in ... The Old world alphaviruses mediate sponsor transcription and translation shutoff through an activity of the nonstructural ... Most previous studies of interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-/) response antagonism by alphaviruses have. Most previous studies of ...
... and growth factors during acute Chikungunya virus infection. Using these biomarkers, we were able to distinguish between mild ... and Tabersonine against the Onyong-nyong Arthritogenic Alphavirus Infection and Inflammation. Sandenon Seteyen AL, Guiraud P, ... infection reveals regulation of distinct signaling and metabolic pathways during the early and late stages of infection. ... Equine Polyclonal Antibodies Prevent Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection in Mice. Barker D, Han X, Wang E, Dagley A, Anderson DM ...
... resistance by myeloid cells is critical to IRF7-dependent systemic interferon alpha/beta induction after alphavirus infection. ... Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses. Nature. 557:570-574. PCMID: 5970976. ... in particular alphaviruses and flaviviruses. He is interested in understanding the mechanisms through which antiviral effectors ...
Alpha Virus Infection Alpha Virus Infections Alphavirus Infection Infection, Alphavirus Infections, Alphavirus Virus Infection ... Alpha Virus Infection. Alpha Virus Infections. Alphavirus Infection. Barmah Forest Virus Infection. Infection, Alphavirus. ... Infection, Onyong-nyong Virus. Infections, Alphavirus. Mayaro Virus Infection. Mayaro Virus Infections. Onyong nyong Virus ... Onyong-nyong Virus Infections. Ross River Virus Infection. Virus Infection, Alpha. Virus Infection, Mayaro. Virus Infection, ...
Alpha Virus Infections Barmah Forest Virus Infection Getah Virus Infection Infections, Alphavirus Mayaro Virus Infection ... RNA Virus Infections [C01.925.782] * Togaviridae Infections [C01.925.782.930] * Alphavirus Infections [C01.925.782.930.100] * ... Onyong-nyong Virus Infection Sagiyama Virus Infection Semliki Forest Virus Infection Sindbis Fever Sindbis Virus Infection ... Arbovirus Infections [C01.920.313] * African Horse Sickness [C01.920.313.030] * Alphavirus Infections [C01.920.313.078] * ...
... and infections with parvovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, and alphaviruses (e.g., Chikungunya and others). The preliminary ... There is strong evidence of a possible association of infection by Zika virus in pregnant women in Brazil and the occurrence of ... Based on the typical clinical features, differential diagnosis for infection by Zika virus is widespread. Besides dengue, other ...
Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022;40:615-649. ... Immunity to arthritogenic alphaviruses. Alphaviruses are emerging and re-emerging positive-sense RNA viruses that have caused ... While the arthritogenic alphaviruses are genetically distinct, cross protection between the related alphaviruses has been ... This makes alphaviruses a useful model to interrogate antibody effector functions, which can then be applied to other viral ...
... infection and Ross River virus (RRV) infection are the alphaviruses of major public health significance, accounting for 87% ( ... Ross River virus infection There were 4,203 notifications of RRV infections reported to NNDSS in 2007, which accounted for 62% ... Barmah Forest virus infection There were 1,716 notifications of BFV infections notified to NNDSS in 2007, which accounted for ... Dengue virus infection There were 314 notifications of DENV infection reported to NNDSS in 2007 (Figure 53) including 268 ...
Proinflammatory Factors Contribute to the Development of Arthritis and Myositis after Infection with an Arthrogenic Alphavirus ... Anal Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk of HIV Infection in Homosexual Men.. JAIDS-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency ... Anal Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk of HIV Infection in Homosexual Men. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency ... Sexually Transmitted Infections. 90 (3) , 243-245. * Evans, I., Cunningham, A., Jones, C. (2002). HSV-2 induces a TH-1 primary ...
The infections caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), genus Alphavirus, have become a health problem around the world, due to ... targeting for HBV infection as recovery or effective control of HBV infection also lead to efficient control of HDV infection. ... and identify drug combinations for treatment of emerging and re-emerging viral infections as well as co-infections. ... Experimental Infection of Adapted Influenza B Virus in Mice Model. Elena Prokopyeva, Olga Kurskaya, Ivan Sobolev, Mariia ...
To the Editor: Mayaro virus (MAYV), a mosquitoborne alphavirus endemic to South America, causes a self-limiting febrile ... Neumayr A, Gabriel M, Fritz J, Günther S, Hatz C, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Mayaro virus infection in traveler returning from Amazon ... Hassing RJ, Leparc-Goffart I, Blank SN, Thevarayan S, Tolou H, van Doornum G, Imported Mayaro virus infection in the ... Recurrent arthralgias in a patient with previous Mayaro fever infection. South Med J. 2005;98:484-5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...
Researchers identified genes that flaviviruses like Zika virus need for infection, suggesting strategies for new therapies. ... alphavirus, bunyavirus, or rhabdovirus). ... Flavivirus infection requires specific host genes. At a Glance ... Since viruses rely on their infected host to create viral particles that spread infection, a research team led by Dr. Michael S ... The researchers identified 9 genes that, when removed, reduced West Nile infection in the cells. All are associated with the ...
Viral infection, Alphavirus, membrane remodeling, High-speed atomic force microscopy, Cryo-electron microscopy, Biophysics, ... 1: Jones R, Bragagnolo G, Arranz R, Reguera J. Capping pores of alphavirus nsP1 gate membranous viral replication factories. ... 1: Jones R, Bragagnolo G, Arranz R, Reguera J. Capping pores of alphavirus nsP1 gate membranous viral replication factories. ... Yes, this project is the continuation of an existing project on the characterization of alphavirus replication complexes that ...
  • Alphaviruses (family Togaviridae ) have been recognized as major emerging viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Chikungunya virus belongs to the family Togaviridae , genus Alphavirus . (cdc.gov)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
  • Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE . (nih.gov)
  • Enfermedades víricas producidas por miembros del género ALPHAVIRUS de la familia TOGAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chikungunya virus is a member of the alphavirus genus in the family Togaviridae. (health.gov.au)
  • Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with CHIKV, an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. (who.int)
  • Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus Footnote 6 Footnote 7 . (canada.ca)
  • While the arthritogenic alphaviruses are genetically distinct, cross protection between the related alphaviruses has been observed. (nih.gov)
  • Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses. (pitt.edu)
  • Virus-specific antibodies use multiple mechanisms to limit viral infection. (nih.gov)
  • Antibodies can bind and neutralize free virus thus preventing infection. (nih.gov)
  • Since the structural proteins of alphaviruses stud the surface of infected cells, antibodies can target these infected cells for clearance. (nih.gov)
  • Old World alphaviruses, such as o'nyong nyong virus, chikungunya virus, and Sindbis virus (SINV), are associated mostly with arthralgia, although rare infections with neurologic disease have been reported in humans and equids ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Chikungunya virus was responsible for millions of human infections in new territories, and although the case-fatality rate was low, outbreaks resulted in major illness and long-term sequelae in affected persons ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • While that effort has been largely concerned with modeling the complex array of cell types that are recruited to the site of infection over the course of several days, we are also interested in modeling the cell type specific induction of interferon responses at the intracellular level and its potential effects for both the local and systemic control of viral infection. (nih.gov)
  • But now we believe that one explanation could be that you can get a viral infection that results in your immune cells killing infected neurons in your gut. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • 6. ReinekeLC, LloydRE (2013) Diversion of stress granules and P-bodies during viral infection. (prelekara.sk)
  • Treatment of viral infection is anticipated to prevent bacterial superinfections. (datexis.com)
  • His laboratory currently investigates the nature of host cell structures serving as attachment and entry receptors on immune system sentinel cells as well as the nature and effectiveness of the innate immune interferon responses of the cells versus different arboviruses, in particular alphaviruses and flaviviruses. (pitt.edu)
  • Genetically removing the Signal Peptidase Complex Subunit 1 ( SPCS1) gene in human cells reduced levels of all flaviviruses tested (West Nile, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and hepatitis C viruses), but had little effect on other viruses (alphavirus, bunyavirus, or rhabdovirus). (nih.gov)
  • The notifiable mosquito-borne diseases include those caused by the alphaviruses (Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus), flaviviruses (the viruses causing dengue, Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever, which is discussed under quarantinable diseases) and malaria. (health.gov.au)
  • Abs) (past exposure/immunity) and IgM Abs (current exposure) against flaviviruses and alphaviruses and to study the activity of these viruses in Ecuador. (bvsalud.org)
  • James Faeder Abstract: Most intrahost models of viral infections track virus are built on ordinary differential equations that track viral and cell population but that simplify processes at the intracellular level. (nih.gov)
  • During 2010-2018, a total of 608 clinical samples from wildlife and nonequine domestic animals that had febrile, neurologic signs or unexplained deaths were tested for alphaviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Alphaviruses can produce febrile illness and encephalitis in dead-end hosts such as horses and humans . (bvsalud.org)
  • Outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging neurotropic viral infections, which result in acute febrile disease that can progress to more severe neurological manifestations such as encephalitis and meningitis, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and impose a significant health care and economic burden in the US and around the globe. (nih.gov)
  • During the acute phase of infection they are indistinguishable from those of malaria, influenza, or other febrile illnesses Footnote 3 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
  • Rare earth ions block the ion pores generated by the class II fusion proteins of alphaviruses and allow analysis of the biological functions of these pores. (ox.ac.uk)
  • An attempt was made to identify inhibitors for the ion pores generated by the fusion proteins of the alphaviruses Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 5. CathcartAL, RozovicsJM, SemlerBL (2013) Cellular mRNA Decay Protein AUF1 Negatively Regulates Enterovirus and Human Rhinovirus Infections. (prelekara.sk)
  • The 50.1% of neutralizing antibody titers against RNV were high (equal to or greater than 1/640), suggesting recent infections . (bvsalud.org)
  • Indeed, Fc-Fc gamma receptor interactions have been shown to be required for optimal monoclonal antibody therapy during alphavirus infections. (nih.gov)
  • This makes alphaviruses a useful model to interrogate antibody effector functions, which can then be applied to other viral systems. (nih.gov)
  • Old and New World alphaviruses cluster in separate phylogenetic groups ( 6 ), but limited information is available about pathogenesis and host range of alphaviruses from Africa and pathogenesis in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of our study was to investigate the host range and association of alphaviruses from Africa with neurologic disease and death, as well as to increase knowledge on pathogenesis and the zoonotic potential of these 2 viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers identified several host genes necessary for flavivirus infection in human and insect cells. (nih.gov)
  • Since viruses rely on their infected host to create viral particles that spread infection, a research team led by Dr. Michael S. Diamond at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri carried out a genome-wide screen to identify host genes necessary for flavivirus infections. (nih.gov)
  • The findings suggest that SPCS1 could be a potential therapeutic target for stopping flavivirus infections. (nih.gov)
  • Un patient (1,4%) présentait une coinfection à S. épidermidis, flavivirus et alphavirus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Des virus tels que le flavivirus et l'alphavirus non détectés par les méthodes usuelles ont aussi été mis en évidence grâce au multiplex PCR. (bvsalud.org)
  • One patient (1.4%) had co-infection with S. epidermidis, flavivirus and alphavirus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Viruses not detected by usual methods like flavivirus and alphavirus were detected by multiplex PCR. (bvsalud.org)
  • 19. Elevated serum immune complex levels in Pogosta disease, an acute alphavirus infection with rash and arthritis. (nih.gov)
  • The clinical characteristics of chikungunya include acute onset of fever which may last up to two weeks and painful, potentially debilitating, polyarthritis in adults which may last for up to a year following infection. (who.int)
  • The rate of concurrent serious bacterial infections with viral illness is appreciable. (datexis.com)
  • Large outbreaks of infection have been recorded in humans in South Africa since 1974 ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Prescription Surveillance and Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing to Identify Pathogens during Outbreaks of Infection - 2.1. (datexis.com)
  • New World alphaviruses, such as Western equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, are traditionally associated with severe disease, such as encephalitis and a high mortality rate in humans and horses in the Americas and Australia ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis virus E1 liposome antigen nucleic acid complexes protect mice from lethal challenge with multiple alphaviruses. (nih.gov)
  • In 1952, the first naturally acquired human case of Venezuelan equine encephalitis was reported from Colombia, whereas the first reported natural human infection in the United States was not documented until 1968. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly infectious by the aerosol route, and numerous laboratory infections have occurred, making it a possible biowarfare agent. (medscape.com)
  • Six of the genes also reduced infection of Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses when removed from human cells. (nih.gov)
  • Most showed similar effects when absent from insect cells tested for West Nile and dengue virus infections. (nih.gov)
  • Previous outbreaks of CHIKV infection have been associated with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti , which is also the vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. (who.int)
  • The cargo adaptor protein CLINT1 is phosphorylated by the Numb-associated kinase BIKE and mediates dengue virus infection. (stanford.edu)
  • We previously reported that AAK1 and GAK control intracellular trafficking of RNA viruses, and recently revealed a requirement for BIKE in early and late stages of dengue virus (DENV) infection. (stanford.edu)
  • Since there is no vaccine or regulatory approved therapy available for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the medical need to prevent the transition of a mild into the severe COVID-19 stage of infection is of outmost importance. (preprints.org)
  • Many of the viruses that might target the gut nervous system cause mild, self-limiting infections, and there's never been reason to develop a vaccine for them," Diamond said. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Other medically important alphaviruses found in the Americas include eastern equine encephalitis virus (neuroinvasive) and Mayaro virus (arthalgic). (cdc.gov)
  • Alphaviruses from Africa, such as Middelburg virus (MIDV), and Sindbis virus (SINV), were detected in horses with neurologic disease in South Africa, but their host ranges remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • 2010) Sindbis virus usurps the cellular HuR protein to stabilize its transcripts and promote productive infections in mammalian and mosquito cells. (prelekara.sk)
  • AD3C focuses on developing drugs for four virus families: influenza, flavi-, corona- and alphaviruses. (uab.edu)
  • In particular, viral replication products and host signaling pathways interact in numerous ways that determine both the quantitative and qualitative outcomes of infection. (nih.gov)
  • Yes, this project is the continuation of an existing project on the characterization of alphavirus replication complexes that was financed by the ATIP-Avenir program and the Fondation Bettencourt Shueller to Juan Reguera. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
  • Our latest results show the nsP1 protein of the alphavirus replication complexes assembled in a dodecameric monotopic membrane pore. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
  • Even at a concentration of 0.5 mM, these ions do not block formation of the viral fusion pore, as they do not inhibit entry or multiplication of alphaviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Rapid development of small animal models and understanding of the mechanisms that promote long-term protection to viral infections are critical for the development of vaccines and therapeutic treatments. (nih.gov)
  • Middelburg virus (MIDV) was discovered in the late 1950s in Aedes species mosquitoes ( 13 ), although it was only linked to disease in 1990 ( 14 ) after MIDV was isolated from a horse with signs of infection with African horse sickness virus in Zimbabwe ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although a mosquito-transmitted disease, researchers determined that these infections can also be acquired from aerosolized virus. (medscape.com)
  • There is strong evidence of a possible association of infection by Zika virus in pregnant women in Brazil and the occurrence of microcephaly in newborn infants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on the typical clinical features, differential diagnosis for infection by Zika virus is widespread. (bvsalud.org)
  • The alphavirus capsid protein (Cp) selectively packages genomic RNA (gRNA) into the viral nucleocapsid to produce infectious virus. (nih.gov)
  • Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic editing system, they individually removed more than 19,000 genes from human cells and screened for cells that survived West Nile Virus infection. (nih.gov)
  • 52 In Australia, Barmah Forest virus (BFV) infection and Ross River virus (RRV) infection are the alphaviruses of major public health significance, accounting for 87% (5,919 cases) of the total mosquito-borne disease notifications for 2007. (health.gov.au)
  • Title: Modeling dynamics of coronavirus and alpha virus infection. (nih.gov)
  • Tumor virus infections. (lookformedical.com)
  • Disruption of this optimization in mosquitoes adversely affects the ability of the mosquito to control infection and results in death of the mosquito, which will reduce the fitness of the virus over time. (plkpathway.com)
  • Most infections caused by the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) are asymptomatic or very mild Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
  • Following the bite of a mosquito, viruses replicate at the site of infection and disseminate to the joint-associated and musculoskeletal tissues. (nih.gov)
  • There were 1,716 notifications of BFV infections notified to NNDSS in 2007, which accounted for 25% of total mosquito-borne disease notifications for the reporting period. (health.gov.au)
  • Identifying key mosquito factors https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pci-34051.html necessary for viral RNA regulation may lead to novel transgenic mosquitoes that over-express these factors and are, therefore, refractory to GSK2118436 chemical structure arbovirus infection. (plkpathway.com)
  • Conclusion Alphaviruses must be transmitted between insect and vertebrate hosts to be maintained in nature, and thus must optimize their transmission potential in each host to ensure continuity. (plkpathway.com)
  • siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Emerging viral infections of the nervous system represent a major global public health concern in the 21st century. (nih.gov)
  • The spectrum of associated central or peripheral nervous system disorders is broad, and results either from a direct viral effect or due to the host immune responses against the infection. (nih.gov)
  • Alphaviruses: Serological Evidence of Human Infection in Paraguay (2012-2013). (bvsalud.org)
  • Mouse models recapitulate several aspects of arthritogenic alphavirus disease, and we use these models to elucidate mechanism of protection. (nih.gov)
  • Alphavirus infections can either cause arthralgic or neuroinvasive disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Alphaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause disease epidemics characterised by fever, rash and polyarthritis. (health.gov.au)
  • Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by Alphavirus. (practo.com)
  • Endemic countries report approximately 200,000 infections and 5,000 deaths annually, with Nigeria experiencing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths including healthcare workers. (who.int)
  • These ion flows, however, are not necessary for productive infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The researchers identified 9 genes that, when removed, reduced West Nile infection in the cells. (nih.gov)
  • In Caco-2 cells no toxic effect was observed while complete block of infection occurred between 50 and 100 µM at high MOIs. (preprints.org)
  • In resource limited settings, rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections is critical for managing potential exposures to highly virulent pathogens, whether occurring from an act of bioterrorism or a natural event. (sbir.gov)
  • Human infections may be common, as indicated by serosurveys Footnote 9 . (canada.ca)
  • These results bring new information about neglected alphaviruses in South America , and these data will serve as the basis for future studies of seroprevalence of other VEEV, and studies to search potential hosts and vectors of these viruses in the region. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, our data indicate that Quinine would have the potential of a well tolerable and widely used treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infections, with a predictable and significantly better toxicological profile when compared to H-CQN or CQN. (preprints.org)
  • Ernesto Gutiérrez: Study design, sampling, data analysis, and manuscript drafting alfavirus, e investigar su actividad en Ecuador. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses. (stanford.edu)
  • If the test results are negative, it may indicate the absence of chikungunya DNA viral load and no infection of chikungunya. (practo.com)
  • If the test results are positive, then it may indicate the presence of chikungunya DNA viral load in the blood and an infection of chikungunya. (practo.com)
  • In individuals receiving treatment for chikungunya infection, if the test results are positive it indicates a poor response to the treatment. (practo.com)
  • By combining these techniques, we will have the opportunity to understand from the atom to the supramolecular assembly to the cell the physics, structures and dynamics of the re-configuration of cellular membranes for setting up a particular infection environment: This process necessarily involves the interplay of essential viral and cellular factors as are, in this particular case, nsP1, acting filaments and cell membranes. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
  • Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies. (stanford.edu)

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