Alphavirus Infections

Alphavirus

Sindbis Virus

Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine

Semliki forest virus

Chikungunya virus

Ross River virus

Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine

Swallows

Replicon

Cimicidae

Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine

Culicidae

Cricetinae

Aedes

Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine

Arboviruses

Togaviridae Infections

Salmo salar

Alphavirus infection

Alphavirus

IFITM1

Mayaro virus disease

Robyn S. Klein

Sindbis virus

MRNA vaccine

Zika fever

Polyarthritis

Ross River (Queensland)

List of skin conditions

List of MeSH codes (C02)

2015-16 Zika virus epidemic

C. J. Peters

Rio Negro virus

Eastern equine encephalitis

Viral envelope

Vaccine Research Center

Getah virus

Duck plague

Pancreas disease in farmed salmon

Una virus

Reverse zoonosis

DNA shuffling

Barmah Forest virus

Chikungunya

DNA vaccine

Neglected tropical diseases

Brome mosaic virus

O'nyong'nyong virus

Ross River virus

Eilat virus

Positive-strand RNA virus

Epidemiology of chikungunya

Ivermectin

Diptericin

Russell J. Howard

Western equine encephalitis virus

Fusion mechanism

Flavivirus

Genetically modified virus

Sara Cherry

Arbovirus

HAVCR1

Everglades virus

Epitope mapping

Oeciacus vicarius

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Togaviridae8

• Alphaviruses (family Togaviridae ) have been recognized as major emerging viruses. (cdc.gov)
• Chikungunya virus belongs to the family Togaviridae , genus Alphavirus . (cdc.gov)
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
• Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE . (nih.gov)
• Enfermedades víricas producidas por miembros del género ALPHAVIRUS de la familia TOGAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)
• Chikungunya virus is a member of the alphavirus genus in the family Togaviridae. (health.gov.au)
• Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with CHIKV, an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. (who.int)
• Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus Footnote 6 Footnote 7 . (canada.ca)

Arthritogenic alphaviruses2

• While the arthritogenic alphaviruses are genetically distinct, cross protection between the related alphaviruses has been observed. (nih.gov)
• Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses. (pitt.edu)

Antibodies3

• Virus-specific antibodies use multiple mechanisms to limit viral infection. (nih.gov)
• Antibodies can bind and neutralize free virus thus preventing infection. (nih.gov)
• Since the structural proteins of alphaviruses stud the surface of infected cells, antibodies can target these infected cells for clearance. (nih.gov)

Chikungunya virus2

• Old World alphaviruses, such as o'nyong nyong virus, chikungunya virus, and Sindbis virus (SINV), are associated mostly with arthralgia, although rare infections with neurologic disease have been reported in humans and equids ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
• Chikungunya virus was responsible for millions of human infections in new territories, and although the case-fatality rate was low, outbreaks resulted in major illness and long-term sequelae in affected persons ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

Viral infection4

• While that effort has been largely concerned with modeling the complex array of cell types that are recruited to the site of infection over the course of several days, we are also interested in modeling the cell type specific induction of interferon responses at the intracellular level and its potential effects for both the local and systemic control of viral infection. (nih.gov)
• But now we believe that one explanation could be that you can get a viral infection that results in your immune cells killing infected neurons in your gut. (neurosciencenews.com)
• 6. ReinekeLC, LloydRE (2013) Diversion of stress granules and P-bodies during viral infection. (prelekara.sk)
• Treatment of viral infection is anticipated to prevent bacterial superinfections. (datexis.com)

Flaviviruses4

• His laboratory currently investigates the nature of host cell structures serving as attachment and entry receptors on immune system sentinel cells as well as the nature and effectiveness of the innate immune interferon responses of the cells versus different arboviruses, in particular alphaviruses and flaviviruses. (pitt.edu)
• Genetically removing the Signal Peptidase Complex Subunit 1 ( SPCS1) gene in human cells reduced levels of all flaviviruses tested (West Nile, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and hepatitis C viruses), but had little effect on other viruses (alphavirus, bunyavirus, or rhabdovirus). (nih.gov)
• The notifiable mosquito-borne diseases include those caused by the alphaviruses (Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus), flaviviruses (the viruses causing dengue, Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever, which is discussed under quarantinable diseases) and malaria. (health.gov.au)
• Abs) (past exposure/immunity) and IgM Abs (current exposure) against flaviviruses and alphaviruses and to study the activity of these viruses in Ecuador. (bvsalud.org)

Models of viral1

• James Faeder Abstract: Most intrahost models of viral infections track virus are built on ordinary differential equations that track viral and cell population but that simplify processes at the intracellular level. (nih.gov)

Febrile4

• During 2010-2018, a total of 608 clinical samples from wildlife and nonequine domestic animals that had febrile, neurologic signs or unexplained deaths were tested for alphaviruses. (cdc.gov)
• Alphaviruses can produce febrile illness and encephalitis in dead-end hosts such as horses and humans . (bvsalud.org)
• Outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging neurotropic viral infections, which result in acute febrile disease that can progress to more severe neurological manifestations such as encephalitis and meningitis, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and impose a significant health care and economic burden in the US and around the globe. (nih.gov)
• During the acute phase of infection they are indistinguishable from those of malaria, influenza, or other febrile illnesses Footnote 3 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)

Proteins2

• Rare earth ions block the ion pores generated by the class II fusion proteins of alphaviruses and allow analysis of the biological functions of these pores. (ox.ac.uk)
• An attempt was made to identify inhibitors for the ion pores generated by the fusion proteins of the alphaviruses Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. (ox.ac.uk)

Enterovirus1

• 5. CathcartAL, RozovicsJM, SemlerBL (2013) Cellular mRNA Decay Protein AUF1 Negatively Regulates Enterovirus and Human Rhinovirus Infections. (prelekara.sk)

Antibody3

• The 50.1% of neutralizing antibody titers against RNV were high (equal to or greater than 1/640), suggesting recent infections . (bvsalud.org)
• Indeed, Fc-Fc gamma receptor interactions have been shown to be required for optimal monoclonal antibody therapy during alphavirus infections. (nih.gov)
• This makes alphaviruses a useful model to interrogate antibody effector functions, which can then be applied to other viral systems. (nih.gov)

Immunity1

• Infection and immunity. (utmb.edu)

Pathogenesis2

• Old and New World alphaviruses cluster in separate phylogenetic groups ( 6 ), but limited information is available about pathogenesis and host range of alphaviruses from Africa and pathogenesis in animals. (cdc.gov)
• The purpose of our study was to investigate the host range and association of alphaviruses from Africa with neurologic disease and death, as well as to increase knowledge on pathogenesis and the zoonotic potential of these 2 viruses. (cdc.gov)

Flavivirus7

• Researchers identified several host genes necessary for flavivirus infection in human and insect cells. (nih.gov)
• Since viruses rely on their infected host to create viral particles that spread infection, a research team led by Dr. Michael S. Diamond at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri carried out a genome-wide screen to identify host genes necessary for flavivirus infections. (nih.gov)
• The findings suggest that SPCS1 could be a potential therapeutic target for stopping flavivirus infections. (nih.gov)
• Un patient (1,4%) présentait une coinfection à S. épidermidis, flavivirus et alphavirus. (bvsalud.org)
• Des virus tels que le flavivirus et l'alphavirus non détectés par les méthodes usuelles ont aussi été mis en évidence grâce au multiplex PCR. (bvsalud.org)
• One patient (1.4%) had co-infection with S. epidermidis, flavivirus and alphavirus. (bvsalud.org)
• Viruses not detected by usual methods like flavivirus and alphavirus were detected by multiplex PCR. (bvsalud.org)

Acute2

• 19. Elevated serum immune complex levels in Pogosta disease, an acute alphavirus infection with rash and arthritis. (nih.gov)
• The clinical characteristics of chikungunya include acute onset of fever which may last up to two weeks and painful, potentially debilitating, polyarthritis in adults which may last for up to a year following infection. (who.int)

Bacterial Infections1

• The rate of concurrent serious bacterial infections with viral illness is appreciable. (datexis.com)

Outbreaks of infection2

• Large outbreaks of infection have been recorded in humans in South Africa since 1974 ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
• Prescription Surveillance and Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing to Identify Pathogens during Outbreaks of Infection - 2.1. (datexis.com)

Venezuelan4

• New World alphaviruses, such as Western equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, are traditionally associated with severe disease, such as encephalitis and a high mortality rate in humans and horses in the Americas and Australia ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
• Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis virus E1 liposome antigen nucleic acid complexes protect mice from lethal challenge with multiple alphaviruses. (nih.gov)
• In 1952, the first naturally acquired human case of Venezuelan equine encephalitis was reported from Colombia, whereas the first reported natural human infection in the United States was not documented until 1968. (medscape.com)
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly infectious by the aerosol route, and numerous laboratory infections have occurred, making it a possible biowarfare agent. (medscape.com)

Dengue5

• Six of the genes also reduced infection of Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses when removed from human cells. (nih.gov)
• Most showed similar effects when absent from insect cells tested for West Nile and dengue virus infections. (nih.gov)
• Previous outbreaks of CHIKV infection have been associated with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti , which is also the vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. (who.int)
• The cargo adaptor protein CLINT1 is phosphorylated by the Numb-associated kinase BIKE and mediates dengue virus infection. (stanford.edu)
• We previously reported that AAK1 and GAK control intracellular trafficking of RNA viruses, and recently revealed a requirement for BIKE in early and late stages of dengue virus (DENV) infection. (stanford.edu)

Vaccine2

• Since there is no vaccine or regulatory approved therapy available for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the medical need to prevent the transition of a mild into the severe COVID-19 stage of infection is of outmost importance. (preprints.org)
• Many of the viruses that might target the gut nervous system cause mild, self-limiting infections, and there's never been reason to develop a vaccine for them," Diamond said. (neurosciencenews.com)

Medically1

• Other medically important alphaviruses found in the Americas include eastern equine encephalitis virus (neuroinvasive) and Mayaro virus (arthalgic). (cdc.gov)

Sindbis2

• Alphaviruses from Africa, such as Middelburg virus (MIDV), and Sindbis virus (SINV), were detected in horses with neurologic disease in South Africa, but their host ranges remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
• 2010) Sindbis virus usurps the cellular HuR protein to stabilize its transcripts and promote productive infections in mammalian and mosquito cells. (prelekara.sk)

Influenza1

• AD3C focuses on developing drugs for four virus families: influenza, flavi-, corona- and alphaviruses. (uab.edu)

Replication3

• In particular, viral replication products and host signaling pathways interact in numerous ways that determine both the quantitative and qualitative outcomes of infection. (nih.gov)
• Yes, this project is the continuation of an existing project on the characterization of alphavirus replication complexes that was financed by the ATIP-Avenir program and the Fondation Bettencourt Shueller to Juan Reguera. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
• Our latest results show the nsP1 protein of the alphavirus replication complexes assembled in a dodecameric monotopic membrane pore. (centuri-livingsystems.org)

Inhibit1

• Even at a concentration of 0.5 mM, these ions do not block formation of the viral fusion pore, as they do not inhibit entry or multiplication of alphaviruses. (ox.ac.uk)

Therapeutic1

• Rapid development of small animal models and understanding of the mechanisms that promote long-term protection to viral infections are critical for the development of vaccines and therapeutic treatments. (nih.gov)

Virus11

• Middelburg virus (MIDV) was discovered in the late 1950s in Aedes species mosquitoes ( 13 ), although it was only linked to disease in 1990 ( 14 ) after MIDV was isolated from a horse with signs of infection with African horse sickness virus in Zimbabwe ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
• Although a mosquito-transmitted disease, researchers determined that these infections can also be acquired from aerosolized virus. (medscape.com)
• There is strong evidence of a possible association of infection by Zika virus in pregnant women in Brazil and the occurrence of microcephaly in newborn infants. (bvsalud.org)
• Based on the typical clinical features, differential diagnosis for infection by Zika virus is widespread. (bvsalud.org)
• The alphavirus capsid protein (Cp) selectively packages genomic RNA (gRNA) into the viral nucleocapsid to produce infectious virus. (nih.gov)
• Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic editing system, they individually removed more than 19,000 genes from human cells and screened for cells that survived West Nile Virus infection. (nih.gov)
• 52 In Australia, Barmah Forest virus (BFV) infection and Ross River virus (RRV) infection are the alphaviruses of major public health significance, accounting for 87% (5,919 cases) of the total mosquito-borne disease notifications for 2007. (health.gov.au)
• Title: Modeling dynamics of coronavirus and alpha virus infection. (nih.gov)
• Tumor virus infections. (lookformedical.com)
• Disruption of this optimization in mosquitoes adversely affects the ability of the mosquito to control infection and results in death of the mosquito, which will reduce the fitness of the virus over time. (plkpathway.com)
• Most infections caused by the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) are asymptomatic or very mild Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)

Mosquito3

• Following the bite of a mosquito, viruses replicate at the site of infection and disseminate to the joint-associated and musculoskeletal tissues. (nih.gov)
• There were 1,716 notifications of BFV infections notified to NNDSS in 2007, which accounted for 25% of total mosquito-borne disease notifications for the reporting period. (health.gov.au)
• Identifying key mosquito factors https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pci-34051.html necessary for viral RNA regulation may lead to novel transgenic mosquitoes that over-express these factors and are, therefore, refractory to GSK2118436 chemical structure arbovirus infection. (plkpathway.com)

Insect1

• Conclusion Alphaviruses must be transmitted between insect and vertebrate hosts to be maintained in nature, and thus must optimize their transmission potential in each host to ensure continuity. (plkpathway.com)

Family1

• siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)

Nervous system2

• Emerging viral infections of the nervous system represent a major global public health concern in the 21st century. (nih.gov)
• The spectrum of associated central or peripheral nervous system disorders is broad, and results either from a direct viral effect or due to the host immune responses against the infection. (nih.gov)

Evidence1

• Alphaviruses: Serological Evidence of Human Infection in Paraguay (2012-2013). (bvsalud.org)

Disease4

• Mouse models recapitulate several aspects of arthritogenic alphavirus disease, and we use these models to elucidate mechanism of protection. (nih.gov)
• Alphavirus infections can either cause arthralgic or neuroinvasive disease. (cdc.gov)
• Alphaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause disease epidemics characterised by fever, rash and polyarthritis. (health.gov.au)
• Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by Alphavirus. (practo.com)

Deaths1

• Endemic countries report approximately 200,000 infections and 5,000 deaths annually, with Nigeria experiencing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths including healthcare workers. (who.int)

Productive1

• These ion flows, however, are not necessary for productive infection. (ox.ac.uk)

Cells2

• The researchers identified 9 genes that, when removed, reduced West Nile infection in the cells. (nih.gov)
• In Caco-2 cells no toxic effect was observed while complete block of infection occurred between 50 and 100 µM at high MOIs. (preprints.org)

Diagnosis1

• In resource limited settings, rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections is critical for managing potential exposures to highly virulent pathogens, whether occurring from an act of bioterrorism or a natural event. (sbir.gov)

Human1

• Human infections may be common, as indicated by serosurveys Footnote 9 . (canada.ca)

Data3

• These results bring new information about neglected alphaviruses in South America , and these data will serve as the basis for future studies of seroprevalence of other VEEV, and studies to search potential hosts and vectors of these viruses in the region. (bvsalud.org)
• In conclusion, our data indicate that Quinine would have the potential of a well tolerable and widely used treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infections, with a predictable and significantly better toxicological profile when compared to H-CQN or CQN. (preprints.org)
• Ernesto Gutiérrez: Study design, sampling, data analysis, and manuscript drafting alfavirus, e investigar su actividad en Ecuador. (bvsalud.org)

Potential1

• These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses. (stanford.edu)

Results3

• If the test results are negative, it may indicate the absence of chikungunya DNA viral load and no infection of chikungunya. (practo.com)
• If the test results are positive, then it may indicate the presence of chikungunya DNA viral load in the blood and an infection of chikungunya. (practo.com)
• In individuals receiving treatment for chikungunya infection, if the test results are positive it indicates a poor response to the treatment. (practo.com)

Cell1

• By combining these techniques, we will have the opportunity to understand from the atom to the supramolecular assembly to the cell the physics, structures and dynamics of the re-configuration of cellular membranes for setting up a particular infection environment: This process necessarily involves the interplay of essential viral and cellular factors as are, in this particular case, nsP1, acting filaments and cell membranes. (centuri-livingsystems.org)

Cellular1

• Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies. (stanford.edu)