Alphavirus Infections
Alphavirus
Sindbis Virus
Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine
Ross River virus
Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine
Swallows
Replicon
Cimicidae
Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine
Culicidae
Cricetinae
Aedes
Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine
Arboviruses
Mayaro virus disease: an emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America. (1/604)
This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of Mayaro virus (MV) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical South America. MV disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3-5 days' duration. Severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for months and can be quite incapacitating. Cases of two visitors from the United States, who developed MV disease during visits to eastern Peru, are reported. MV disease and dengue are difficult to differentiate clinically. (+info)Vectors of Chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. (2/604)
Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to human beings by Aedes genus mosquitoes. From 1972 to 1986 in Kedougou, Senegal, 178 Chikungunya virus strains were isolated from gallery forest mosquitoes, with most of them isolated from Ae. furcifer-taylori (129 strains), Ae. luteocephalus (27 strains), and Ae. dalzieli (12 strains). The characteristics of the sylvatic transmission cycle are a circulation periodicity with silent intervals that last approximately three years. Few epidemics of this disease have been reported in Senegal. The most recent one occurred in 1996 in Kaffrine where two Chikungunya virus strains were isolated from Ae. aegypti. The retrospective analysis of viral isolates from mosquitoes, wild vertebrates, and humans allowed to us to characterize Chikungunya virus transmission cycles in Senegal and to compare them with those of yellow fever virus. (+info)Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia. (3/604)
The molecular epidemiology and evolution of Sindbis (SIN) virus in Australia was examined. Several SIN virus strains isolated from other countries were also included in the analysis. Two regions of the virus genome were sequenced including a 418 bp region of the E2 gene and a 484 bp region containing part of the junction region and the 5' end of the C gene. Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence data from 40 SIN virus isolates clearly separated the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian genetic types of SIN virus. Examination of the Australian strains showed a temporal rather than geographic relationship. This is consistent with the virus having migratory birds as the major vertebrate host, as it allows for movement of virus over vast areas of the continent over a relatively short period of time. The results suggest that the virus is being periodically redistributed over the continent from an enzootic focus of evolving SIN virus. However, SIN virus strains isolated from mosquitoes collected in the south-west of Australia appear to represent a new SIN virus lineage, which is distinct from the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian lineages. Given the widespread geographic dispersal of the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian lineages, it is surprising that the South-west genetic type is so restricted in its area of circulation. Nucleotide sequence data from the C gene of the prototype strain of the alphavirus Whataroa were also determined. This virus was found to be genetically distinct from the SIN virus isolates included in the present study; however, it is clearly SIN-like and appears to have evolved from a SIN-like ancestral virus. (+info)Salmon pancreas disease virus, an alphavirus infecting farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (4/604)
A 5.2-kb region at the 3' terminus of the salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) RNA genome has been cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences show that SPDV shares considerable organizational and sequence identity to members of the genus alphavirus within the family Togaviridae. The SPDV structural proteins encoded by the 5.2-kb region contain a number of unique features when compared to other sequenced alphaviruses. Based on cleavage site homologies, the predicted sizes of the SPDV envelope glycoproteins E2 (438 aa) and E1 (461 aa) are larger than those of other alphaviruses, while the predicted size of the alphavirus 6K protein is 3.2 K (32 aa) in SPDV. The E2 and E1 proteins each carry one putative N-linked glycosylation site, with the site in E1 being found at a unique position. From amino acid sequence comparisons of the SPDV structural region with sequenced alphaviruses overall homology is uniform, ranging from 32 to 33%. While nucleotide sequence analysis of the 26S RNA junction region shows that SPDV is similar to other alphaviruses, analysis of the 3'-nontranslated region reveals that SPDV shows divergence in this region. (+info)Virus infection induces neuronal apoptosis: A comparison with trophic factor withdrawal. (5/604)
Multicellular organisms can employ a number of defences to combat viral replication, the most dramatic being implementation of a cell autonomous apoptotic process. The overall cost to the viability of an organism of losing infected cells by apoptosis may be small if the dying cells can be substituted. In contrast, suicide of irreplaceable cells such as highly specialised neurons may have a more dramatic, even fatal consequence. Previous in vitro approaches to understanding whether neurotropic viruses cause neurons to apoptose have utilised transformed cell lines. These are not in the appropriate state of differentiation to provide an accurate indication of events in vivo. We have chosen to characterise the ability of a model CNS disease-causing virus, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), to infect and trigger apoptosis in primary cultures of nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent sensory neurons. These cells are known to die when deprived of NGF and constitute a useful indicator of apoptosis. We observe that infection causes cell death which bears the morphological hallmarks of apoptosis, this occurs even in the present of survival promoting NGF and is concomitant with new virus production. Using the TUNEL (transferase dUTP nick end labelling) technique we show that SFV-induced apoptosis involves DNA fragmentation and requires caspase (CED-3/ICE cysteine protease) activation, as does apoptosis induced by NGF-deprivation. Extensive areas of apoptosis, as defined using a combination of ultrastructural analysis and TUNEL occur in infected neonatal mouse brains. The novel evidence that infection of primary neurons with SFV induces apoptosis with activation of one or more caspases defines a system for the further anlaysis of apoptosis regulation in physiologically relevant neurons. (+info)Recombinant Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus efficiently infect neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. (6/604)
Gene transfer into nervous tissue is a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function. By using a rat hippocampal slice culture preparation, we show here that Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and Sindbis virus (SIN) vectors are useful for the effective infection of neurons. The stratum pyramidale and/or the granular cell layer were injected with recombinant virus encoding beta-galactosidase (LacZ) or green fluorescent protein (GFP). By using low concentrations of injected SFV-LacZ or SIN-LacZ, we detected LacZ staining of pyramidal cells, interneurons, and granule cells. About 60% of the infected cells showed clear neuronal morphology; thus, relatively few glial cells expressed the transgene. Expression of GFP from SFV and SIN vectors gave similar results, with an even higher percentage (>90%) of the GFP-positive cells identified as neurons. Infected pyramidal cells were readily recognized in living slices, displaying GFP fluorescence in dendrites of up to fourth order and in dendritic spines. They appeared morphologically normal and viable at 1-5 days postinfection. We conclude that both SFV and SIN vectors efficiently transfer genes into neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. In combination with the GFP reporter, SFV and SIN vectors will allow the physiological examination of identified neurons that have been modified by overexpression or suppression of a specific gene product. (+info)Enzyme distributions in subcellular fractions of BHK cells infected with Semliki forest virus: evidence for a major fraction of sphingomyelin synthase in the trans-golgi network. (7/604)
BHK cells either untreated or infected with Semliki Forest virus have been fractionated on sucrose density gradients. Virus infection caused an increase in density of a membrane fraction enriched in sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol, SM synthase and sialyltransferase activity. This increase in density was related to incorporation of viral proteins into this fraction, which is likely to contain trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes. In contrast, glucosylceramide synthase and galactosyltransferase activities (markers for cis/medial and trans-Golgi respectively) underwent no density shift and alkaline phosphodiesterase, a plasma membrane marker, was only slightly density-shifted in infected cells. When cells were incubated with NBD-ceramide to enable them to synthesise NBD-SM and then washed with albumin to remove surface label, fluorescence in untreated cells was concentrated in a single juxtanuclear spot but in infected cells this region of bright fluorescence was larger and extended around the nucleus. After fractionation of these cells, NBD-SM (but only a small proportion of the NBD-ceramide) was found to be shifted into the higher density fraction in infected cells. This work provides further evidence that SM synthase is not mainly localised in the early Golgi cisternae as previously thought, but is associated more with a cholesterol-rich compartment which could be the TGN. (+info)Human MxA protein protects mice lacking a functional alpha/beta interferon system against La crosse virus and other lethal viral infections. (8/604)
The human MxA protein is part of the antiviral state induced by alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). MxA inhibits the multiplication of several RNA viruses in cell culture. However, its antiviral potential in vivo has not yet been fully explored. We have generated MxA-transgenic mice that lack a functional IFN system by crossing MxA-transgenic mice constitutively expressing MxA with genetically targeted (knockout) mice lacking the beta subunit of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR-1(-/-) mice). These mice are an ideal animal model to investigate the unique antiviral activity of human MxA in vivo, because they are unable to express other IFN-induced proteins. Here, we show that MxA confers resistance to Thogoto virus, La Crosse virus, and Semliki Forest virus. No Thogoto virus progeny was detectable in MxA-transgenic mice, indicating an efficient block of virus replication at the primary site of infection. In the case of La Crosse virus, MxA restricted invasion of the central nervous system. In contrast, Semliki Forest virus multiplication in the brain was detectable in both MxA-expressing and nonexpressing IFNAR-1(-/-) mice. However, viral titers were clearly reduced in MxA-transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate that MxA does not need the help of other IFN-induced proteins for activity but is a powerful antiviral agent on its own. Moreover, the results suggest that MxA may protect humans from potential fatal infections by La Crosse virus and other viral pathogens. (+info)Alphaviruses are a group of viruses that cause a range of diseases, including arthritis, encephalitis, and fever. These viruses are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes or other insects.
There are several different types of alphaviruses, including:
* Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
* Sindbis virus (SINV)
* Ross River virus (RRV)
* Barmah Forest virus (BFV)
The symptoms of alphavirus infections can vary depending on the specific type of virus and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:
* Fever
* Headache
* Muscle and joint pain
* Swelling and inflammation
* Rash
* Fatigue
* Weakness
In some cases, alphavirus infections can lead to more serious complications, such as meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). These complications are more likely to occur in older adults or people with weakened immune systems.
There is no specific treatment for alphavirus infections, but symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, fever reducers, and anti-inflammatory medications. Rest, hydration, and supportive care may also be recommended. Prevention is key to avoiding alphavirus infections, and this includes protecting against mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in air-conditioned or screened areas. Vaccines are also being developed to protect against some of the most common types of alphaviruses.
In severe cases, VEE can be fatal. There is no specific treatment for the disease, but supportive care such as intravenous fluids and antipyretic medications may be provided to alleviate symptoms. Prevention of VEE involves vaccination and control of mosquito populations.
The symptoms of Togaviridae infections can vary depending on the specific virus and the individual infected, but may include fever, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, and rash. In severe cases, these infections can lead to hemorrhagic fever, shock, and even death.
There is no specific treatment for Togaviridae infections, but early diagnosis and supportive care, such as fluid replacement and management of fever and pain, can help alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in air-conditioned or screened areas. Vaccines are also available for some of the diseases caused by Togaviridae viruses, such as yellow fever.
Togaviridae infections are a significant public health concern in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquitoes are more prevalent. Outbreaks of these diseases can have a significant impact on individuals, communities, and economies, highlighting the importance of continued research and development of effective prevention and control measures.
Alphavirus infection
Alphavirus
IFITM1
Mayaro virus disease
Robyn S. Klein
Sindbis virus
MRNA vaccine
Zika fever
Polyarthritis
Ross River (Queensland)
List of skin conditions
List of MeSH codes (C02)
2015-16 Zika virus epidemic
C. J. Peters
Rio Negro virus
Eastern equine encephalitis
Viral envelope
Vaccine Research Center
Getah virus
Duck plague
Pancreas disease in farmed salmon
Una virus
Reverse zoonosis
DNA shuffling
Barmah Forest virus
Chikungunya
DNA vaccine
Neglected tropical diseases
Brome mosaic virus
O'nyong'nyong virus
Ross River virus
Eilat virus
Positive-strand RNA virus
Epidemiology of chikungunya
Ivermectin
Diptericin
Russell J. Howard
Western equine encephalitis virus
Fusion mechanism
Flavivirus
Genetically modified virus
Sara Cherry
Arbovirus
HAVCR1
Everglades virus
Epitope mapping
Oeciacus vicarius
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection - PubMed
Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection - PubMed
Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Fatal and Neurologic Infections in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa - Volume 26,...
A comparison of the diseases caused by Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus
Alphaviruses: Serological Evidence of Human Infection in Paraguay (2012-2013). | Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis;18(5): 266-272,...
Julie M. Fox, Ph.D. | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Virus | Chikungunya virus | CDC
Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA | Protocol (Translated to Norwegian)
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Publication Detail
Biomarkers Search
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
MeSH Browser
Most previous studies of interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-/) response antagonism by alphaviruses have - Generation of a selective...
IL-1beta, IL-6, and RANTES as biomarkers of Chikungunya severity - PubMed
William Klimstra, PhD | Center for Vaccine Research | University of Pittsburgh
DeCS
Search Results (8) | Profiles RNS
MeSH Browser
Infection by Zika virus « Portal Regional da BVS
Julie M. Fox, Ph.D. | Principal Investigators | NIH Intramural Research Program
Department of Health and Aged Care | Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2007: Annual report of the National Notifiable...
Publications | The Westmead Institute for Medical Research
Search | Preprints.org
HuGE Navigator|Genopedia|PHGKB
Sustained Elevated Cytokine Levels during Recovery Phase of Mayaro Virus Infection - Volume 22, Number 4-April 2016 - Emerging...
Flavivirus infection requires specific host genes | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
PHD2022-13 | Physical and structural characterization of the interplay between the cell membranes, actin filaments and...
Togaviridae8
- Alphaviruses (family Togaviridae ) have been recognized as major emerging viruses. (cdc.gov)
- Chikungunya virus belongs to the family Togaviridae , genus Alphavirus . (cdc.gov)
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
- Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE . (nih.gov)
- Enfermedades víricas producidas por miembros del género ALPHAVIRUS de la familia TOGAVIRIDAE. (bvsalud.org)
- Chikungunya virus is a member of the alphavirus genus in the family Togaviridae. (health.gov.au)
- Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with CHIKV, an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family. (who.int)
- Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus Footnote 6 Footnote 7 . (canada.ca)
Arthritogenic alphaviruses2
Antibodies3
- Virus-specific antibodies use multiple mechanisms to limit viral infection. (nih.gov)
- Antibodies can bind and neutralize free virus thus preventing infection. (nih.gov)
- Since the structural proteins of alphaviruses stud the surface of infected cells, antibodies can target these infected cells for clearance. (nih.gov)
Chikungunya virus2
- Old World alphaviruses, such as o'nyong nyong virus, chikungunya virus, and Sindbis virus (SINV), are associated mostly with arthralgia, although rare infections with neurologic disease have been reported in humans and equids ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Chikungunya virus was responsible for millions of human infections in new territories, and although the case-fatality rate was low, outbreaks resulted in major illness and long-term sequelae in affected persons ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Viral infection4
- While that effort has been largely concerned with modeling the complex array of cell types that are recruited to the site of infection over the course of several days, we are also interested in modeling the cell type specific induction of interferon responses at the intracellular level and its potential effects for both the local and systemic control of viral infection. (nih.gov)
- But now we believe that one explanation could be that you can get a viral infection that results in your immune cells killing infected neurons in your gut. (neurosciencenews.com)
- 6. ReinekeLC, LloydRE (2013) Diversion of stress granules and P-bodies during viral infection. (prelekara.sk)
- Treatment of viral infection is anticipated to prevent bacterial superinfections. (datexis.com)
Flaviviruses4
- His laboratory currently investigates the nature of host cell structures serving as attachment and entry receptors on immune system sentinel cells as well as the nature and effectiveness of the innate immune interferon responses of the cells versus different arboviruses, in particular alphaviruses and flaviviruses. (pitt.edu)
- Genetically removing the Signal Peptidase Complex Subunit 1 ( SPCS1) gene in human cells reduced levels of all flaviviruses tested (West Nile, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and hepatitis C viruses), but had little effect on other viruses (alphavirus, bunyavirus, or rhabdovirus). (nih.gov)
- The notifiable mosquito-borne diseases include those caused by the alphaviruses (Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus), flaviviruses (the viruses causing dengue, Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever, which is discussed under quarantinable diseases) and malaria. (health.gov.au)
- Abs) (past exposure/immunity) and IgM Abs (current exposure) against flaviviruses and alphaviruses and to study the activity of these viruses in Ecuador. (bvsalud.org)
Models of viral1
- James Faeder Abstract: Most intrahost models of viral infections track virus are built on ordinary differential equations that track viral and cell population but that simplify processes at the intracellular level. (nih.gov)
Febrile4
- During 2010-2018, a total of 608 clinical samples from wildlife and nonequine domestic animals that had febrile, neurologic signs or unexplained deaths were tested for alphaviruses. (cdc.gov)
- Alphaviruses can produce febrile illness and encephalitis in dead-end hosts such as horses and humans . (bvsalud.org)
- Outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging neurotropic viral infections, which result in acute febrile disease that can progress to more severe neurological manifestations such as encephalitis and meningitis, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and impose a significant health care and economic burden in the US and around the globe. (nih.gov)
- During the acute phase of infection they are indistinguishable from those of malaria, influenza, or other febrile illnesses Footnote 3 Footnote 8 . (canada.ca)
Proteins2
- Rare earth ions block the ion pores generated by the class II fusion proteins of alphaviruses and allow analysis of the biological functions of these pores. (ox.ac.uk)
- An attempt was made to identify inhibitors for the ion pores generated by the fusion proteins of the alphaviruses Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. (ox.ac.uk)
Enterovirus1
- 5. CathcartAL, RozovicsJM, SemlerBL (2013) Cellular mRNA Decay Protein AUF1 Negatively Regulates Enterovirus and Human Rhinovirus Infections. (prelekara.sk)
Antibody3
- The 50.1% of neutralizing antibody titers against RNV were high (equal to or greater than 1/640), suggesting recent infections . (bvsalud.org)
- Indeed, Fc-Fc gamma receptor interactions have been shown to be required for optimal monoclonal antibody therapy during alphavirus infections. (nih.gov)
- This makes alphaviruses a useful model to interrogate antibody effector functions, which can then be applied to other viral systems. (nih.gov)
Immunity1
- Infection and immunity. (utmb.edu)
Pathogenesis2
- Old and New World alphaviruses cluster in separate phylogenetic groups ( 6 ), but limited information is available about pathogenesis and host range of alphaviruses from Africa and pathogenesis in animals. (cdc.gov)
- The purpose of our study was to investigate the host range and association of alphaviruses from Africa with neurologic disease and death, as well as to increase knowledge on pathogenesis and the zoonotic potential of these 2 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Flavivirus7
- Researchers identified several host genes necessary for flavivirus infection in human and insect cells. (nih.gov)
- Since viruses rely on their infected host to create viral particles that spread infection, a research team led by Dr. Michael S. Diamond at Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri carried out a genome-wide screen to identify host genes necessary for flavivirus infections. (nih.gov)
- The findings suggest that SPCS1 could be a potential therapeutic target for stopping flavivirus infections. (nih.gov)
- Un patient (1,4%) présentait une coinfection à S. épidermidis, flavivirus et alphavirus. (bvsalud.org)
- Des virus tels que le flavivirus et l'alphavirus non détectés par les méthodes usuelles ont aussi été mis en évidence grâce au multiplex PCR. (bvsalud.org)
- One patient (1.4%) had co-infection with S. epidermidis, flavivirus and alphavirus. (bvsalud.org)
- Viruses not detected by usual methods like flavivirus and alphavirus were detected by multiplex PCR. (bvsalud.org)
Acute2
- 19. Elevated serum immune complex levels in Pogosta disease, an acute alphavirus infection with rash and arthritis. (nih.gov)
- The clinical characteristics of chikungunya include acute onset of fever which may last up to two weeks and painful, potentially debilitating, polyarthritis in adults which may last for up to a year following infection. (who.int)
Bacterial Infections1
- The rate of concurrent serious bacterial infections with viral illness is appreciable. (datexis.com)
Outbreaks of infection2
- Large outbreaks of infection have been recorded in humans in South Africa since 1974 ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
- Prescription Surveillance and Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing to Identify Pathogens during Outbreaks of Infection - 2.1. (datexis.com)
Venezuelan4
- New World alphaviruses, such as Western equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, are traditionally associated with severe disease, such as encephalitis and a high mortality rate in humans and horses in the Americas and Australia ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis virus E1 liposome antigen nucleic acid complexes protect mice from lethal challenge with multiple alphaviruses. (nih.gov)
- In 1952, the first naturally acquired human case of Venezuelan equine encephalitis was reported from Colombia, whereas the first reported natural human infection in the United States was not documented until 1968. (medscape.com)
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly infectious by the aerosol route, and numerous laboratory infections have occurred, making it a possible biowarfare agent. (medscape.com)
Dengue5
- Six of the genes also reduced infection of Zika, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses when removed from human cells. (nih.gov)
- Most showed similar effects when absent from insect cells tested for West Nile and dengue virus infections. (nih.gov)
- Previous outbreaks of CHIKV infection have been associated with the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti , which is also the vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. (who.int)
- The cargo adaptor protein CLINT1 is phosphorylated by the Numb-associated kinase BIKE and mediates dengue virus infection. (stanford.edu)
- We previously reported that AAK1 and GAK control intracellular trafficking of RNA viruses, and recently revealed a requirement for BIKE in early and late stages of dengue virus (DENV) infection. (stanford.edu)
Vaccine2
- Since there is no vaccine or regulatory approved therapy available for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the medical need to prevent the transition of a mild into the severe COVID-19 stage of infection is of outmost importance. (preprints.org)
- Many of the viruses that might target the gut nervous system cause mild, self-limiting infections, and there's never been reason to develop a vaccine for them," Diamond said. (neurosciencenews.com)
Medically1
- Other medically important alphaviruses found in the Americas include eastern equine encephalitis virus (neuroinvasive) and Mayaro virus (arthalgic). (cdc.gov)
Sindbis2
- Alphaviruses from Africa, such as Middelburg virus (MIDV), and Sindbis virus (SINV), were detected in horses with neurologic disease in South Africa, but their host ranges remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
- 2010) Sindbis virus usurps the cellular HuR protein to stabilize its transcripts and promote productive infections in mammalian and mosquito cells. (prelekara.sk)
Influenza1
- AD3C focuses on developing drugs for four virus families: influenza, flavi-, corona- and alphaviruses. (uab.edu)
Replication3
- In particular, viral replication products and host signaling pathways interact in numerous ways that determine both the quantitative and qualitative outcomes of infection. (nih.gov)
- Yes, this project is the continuation of an existing project on the characterization of alphavirus replication complexes that was financed by the ATIP-Avenir program and the Fondation Bettencourt Shueller to Juan Reguera. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
- Our latest results show the nsP1 protein of the alphavirus replication complexes assembled in a dodecameric monotopic membrane pore. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
Inhibit1
- Even at a concentration of 0.5 mM, these ions do not block formation of the viral fusion pore, as they do not inhibit entry or multiplication of alphaviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
Therapeutic1
- Rapid development of small animal models and understanding of the mechanisms that promote long-term protection to viral infections are critical for the development of vaccines and therapeutic treatments. (nih.gov)
Virus11
- Middelburg virus (MIDV) was discovered in the late 1950s in Aedes species mosquitoes ( 13 ), although it was only linked to disease in 1990 ( 14 ) after MIDV was isolated from a horse with signs of infection with African horse sickness virus in Zimbabwe ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
- Although a mosquito-transmitted disease, researchers determined that these infections can also be acquired from aerosolized virus. (medscape.com)
- There is strong evidence of a possible association of infection by Zika virus in pregnant women in Brazil and the occurrence of microcephaly in newborn infants. (bvsalud.org)
- Based on the typical clinical features, differential diagnosis for infection by Zika virus is widespread. (bvsalud.org)
- The alphavirus capsid protein (Cp) selectively packages genomic RNA (gRNA) into the viral nucleocapsid to produce infectious virus. (nih.gov)
- Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic editing system, they individually removed more than 19,000 genes from human cells and screened for cells that survived West Nile Virus infection. (nih.gov)
- 52 In Australia, Barmah Forest virus (BFV) infection and Ross River virus (RRV) infection are the alphaviruses of major public health significance, accounting for 87% (5,919 cases) of the total mosquito-borne disease notifications for 2007. (health.gov.au)
- Title: Modeling dynamics of coronavirus and alpha virus infection. (nih.gov)
- Tumor virus infections. (lookformedical.com)
- Disruption of this optimization in mosquitoes adversely affects the ability of the mosquito to control infection and results in death of the mosquito, which will reduce the fitness of the virus over time. (plkpathway.com)
- Most infections caused by the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) are asymptomatic or very mild Footnote 3 . (canada.ca)
Mosquito3
- Following the bite of a mosquito, viruses replicate at the site of infection and disseminate to the joint-associated and musculoskeletal tissues. (nih.gov)
- There were 1,716 notifications of BFV infections notified to NNDSS in 2007, which accounted for 25% of total mosquito-borne disease notifications for the reporting period. (health.gov.au)
- Identifying key mosquito factors https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pci-34051.html necessary for viral RNA regulation may lead to novel transgenic mosquitoes that over-express these factors and are, therefore, refractory to GSK2118436 chemical structure arbovirus infection. (plkpathway.com)
Insect1
- Conclusion Alphaviruses must be transmitted between insect and vertebrate hosts to be maintained in nature, and thus must optimize their transmission potential in each host to ensure continuity. (plkpathway.com)
Family1
- siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)
Nervous system2
- Emerging viral infections of the nervous system represent a major global public health concern in the 21st century. (nih.gov)
- The spectrum of associated central or peripheral nervous system disorders is broad, and results either from a direct viral effect or due to the host immune responses against the infection. (nih.gov)
Evidence1
- Alphaviruses: Serological Evidence of Human Infection in Paraguay (2012-2013). (bvsalud.org)
Disease4
- Mouse models recapitulate several aspects of arthritogenic alphavirus disease, and we use these models to elucidate mechanism of protection. (nih.gov)
- Alphavirus infections can either cause arthralgic or neuroinvasive disease. (cdc.gov)
- Alphaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause disease epidemics characterised by fever, rash and polyarthritis. (health.gov.au)
- Chikungunya is a viral disease caused by Alphavirus. (practo.com)
Deaths1
- Endemic countries report approximately 200,000 infections and 5,000 deaths annually, with Nigeria experiencing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths including healthcare workers. (who.int)
Productive1
- These ion flows, however, are not necessary for productive infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Cells2
- The researchers identified 9 genes that, when removed, reduced West Nile infection in the cells. (nih.gov)
- In Caco-2 cells no toxic effect was observed while complete block of infection occurred between 50 and 100 µM at high MOIs. (preprints.org)
Diagnosis1
- In resource limited settings, rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections is critical for managing potential exposures to highly virulent pathogens, whether occurring from an act of bioterrorism or a natural event. (sbir.gov)
Human1
- Human infections may be common, as indicated by serosurveys Footnote 9 . (canada.ca)
Data3
- These results bring new information about neglected alphaviruses in South America , and these data will serve as the basis for future studies of seroprevalence of other VEEV, and studies to search potential hosts and vectors of these viruses in the region. (bvsalud.org)
- In conclusion, our data indicate that Quinine would have the potential of a well tolerable and widely used treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infections, with a predictable and significantly better toxicological profile when compared to H-CQN or CQN. (preprints.org)
- Ernesto Gutiérrez: Study design, sampling, data analysis, and manuscript drafting alfavirus, e investigar su actividad en Ecuador. (bvsalud.org)
Potential1
- These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses. (stanford.edu)
Results3
- If the test results are negative, it may indicate the absence of chikungunya DNA viral load and no infection of chikungunya. (practo.com)
- If the test results are positive, then it may indicate the presence of chikungunya DNA viral load in the blood and an infection of chikungunya. (practo.com)
- In individuals receiving treatment for chikungunya infection, if the test results are positive it indicates a poor response to the treatment. (practo.com)
Cell1
- By combining these techniques, we will have the opportunity to understand from the atom to the supramolecular assembly to the cell the physics, structures and dynamics of the re-configuration of cellular membranes for setting up a particular infection environment: This process necessarily involves the interplay of essential viral and cellular factors as are, in this particular case, nsP1, acting filaments and cell membranes. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
Cellular1
- Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies. (stanford.edu)