DiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormonesalpha-MSHMutS Homolog 2 Proteinalpha 1-AntitrypsinBase Pair MismatchReceptors, Adrenergic, alphaDNA Mismatch RepairHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitDNA-Binding Proteinsalpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine ReceptorColorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary NonpolyposisIntegrin alpha3beta1Integrin alpha4Integrin alpha6Base SequenceIntegrin alpha5beta1Integrin alpha4beta1Interleukin-1alpha
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones
Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. By stimulating the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in these pigmented cells, they increase coloration of skin and other tissue. MSHs, derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), are produced by MELANOTROPHS in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY; CORTICOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY, and the hypothalamic neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS.
alpha-MSH
A 13-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, the N-terminal segment of ACTH. ACTH (1-13) is amidated at the C-terminal to form ACTH (1-13)NH2 which in turn is acetylated to form alpha-MSH in the secretory granules. Alpha-MSH stimulates the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates.
MutS Homolog 2 Protein
MutS homolog 2 protein is found throughout eukaryotes and is a homolog of the MUTS DNA MISMATCH-BINDING PROTEIN. It plays an essential role in meiotic RECOMBINATION and DNA REPAIR of mismatched NUCLEOTIDES.
alpha 1-Antitrypsin
Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES.
Base Pair Mismatch
The presence of an uncomplimentary base in double-stranded DNA caused by spontaneous deamination of cytosine or adenine, mismatching during homologous recombination, or errors in DNA replication. Multiple, sequential base pair mismatches lead to formation of heteroduplex DNA; (NUCLEIC ACID HETERODUPLEXES).
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha
One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.
DNA Mismatch Repair
A DNA repair pathway involved in correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. Excinucleases recognize the BASE PAIR MISMATCH and cause a segment of polynucleotide chain to be excised from the daughter strand, thereby removing the mismatched base. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
A member of the NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR subfamily of the LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNEL family. It consists entirely of pentameric a7 subunits expressed in the CNS, autonomic nervous system, vascular system, lymphocytes and spleen.
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.
Integrin alpha3beta1
Cell surface receptor for LAMININ, epiligrin, FIBRONECTINS, entactin, and COLLAGEN. Integrin alpha3beta1 is the major integrin present in EPITHELIAL CELLS, where it plays a role in the assembly of BASEMENT MEMBRANE as well as in cell migration, and may regulate the functions of other integrins. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of the alpha subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA3), are differentially expressed in different cell types.
Integrin alpha4
An integrin alpha subunit that is unique in that it does not contain an I domain, and its proteolytic cleavage site is near the middle of the extracellular portion of the polypeptide rather than close to the membrane as in other integrin alpha subunits.
Integrin alpha6
An integrin alpha subunit that primarily associates with INTEGRIN BETA1 or INTEGRIN BETA4 to form laminin-binding heterodimers. Integrin alpha6 has two alternatively spliced isoforms: integrin alpha6A and integrin alpha6B, which differ in their cytoplasmic domains and are regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Integrin alpha5beta1
An integrin found in FIBROBLASTS; PLATELETS; MONOCYTES, and LYMPHOCYTES. Integrin alpha5beta1 is the classical receptor for FIBRONECTIN, but it also functions as a receptor for LAMININ and several other EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.
Integrin alpha4beta1
Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.
Interleukin-1alpha
An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteases to form a secreted mature form. Unlike INTERLEUKIN-1BETA both membrane-bound and secreted forms of interleukin-1alpha are biologically active.

Long term orexigenic effect of a novel melanocortin 4 receptor selective antagonist. (1/562)

1. We designed and synthesized several novel cyclic MSH analogues and tested their affinities for cells expressing the MC1, MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors. 2. One of the substances HS028 (cyclic [AcCys11, dichloro-D-phenylalanine14, Cys18, Asp-NH2(22)]-beta-MSH11-22) showed high affinity (Ki of 0.95nM) and high (80 fold) MC4 receptor selectivity over the MC3 receptor. HS028 thus shows both higher affinity and higher selectivity for the MC4 receptor compared to the earlier first described MC4 receptor selective substance HS014. 3. HS028 antagonised a alpha-MSH induced increase in cyclic AMP production in transfected cells expressing the MC3 and MC4 receptors, whereas it seemed to be a partial agonist for the MC1 and MC5 receptors. 4. Chronic intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administration of HS028 by osmotic minipumps significantly increased both food intake and body weight in a dose dependent manner without tachyphylaxis for a period of 7 days. 5. This is the first report demonstrating that an MC4 receptor antagonist can increase food intake and body weight during chronic administration providing further evidence that the MC4 receptor is an important mediator of long term weight homeostasis.  (+info)

Role of the CNS melanocortin system in the response to overfeeding. (2/562)

The voluntary suppression of food intake that accompanies involuntary overfeeding is an effective regulatory response to positive energy balance. Because the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin system in the hypothalamus promotes anorexia and weight loss and is an important mediator of energy regulation, we hypothesized that it may contribute to the hypophagic response to overfeeding. Two groups of rats were overfed to 105 and 116% of control body weight via a gastric catheter. In the first group, in situ hybridization was used to measure POMC gene expression in the rostral arcuate (ARC). Overfeeding increased POMC mRNA in the ARC by 180% relative to levels in control rats. For rats in the second group, the overfeeding was stopped, and they were infused intracerebroventricularly with SHU9119 (SHU), a melanocortin (MC) antagonist at the MC3 and MC4 receptor, or vehicle. Although SHU (0.1 nmol) had no effect on food intake of control rats, intake of overfed rats increased by 265% relative to CSF-treated controls. This complete reversal of regulatory hypophagia not only maintained but actually increased the already elevated weight of overfed rats, whereas CSF-treated overfed rats lost weight. These results indicate that CNS MCs mediate hypophagic signaling in response to involuntary overfeeding and support the hypothesis that MCs are important in the central control of energy homeostasis.  (+info)

Role of central melanocortins in endotoxin-induced anorexia. (3/562)

Inflammation and microbial infection produce symptoms, including fever, anorexia, and hypoactivity, that are thought to be mediated by endogenous proinflammatory cytokines. Melanocortins are known to act centrally to suppress effects on fever and other sequelae of proinflammatory cytokine actions in the central nervous system, but the roles of melanocortins in anorexia and hypoactivity occurring during the acute phase response are unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effects of exogenous and endogenous alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia in relation to their effects on fever. Rats were fasted overnight to promote feeding behavior, then injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 micrograms/kg ip), followed 30 min later by intracerebroventricular injection of either alpha-MSH or the melanocortin receptor subtype 3/subtype 4 (MC3-R/MC4-R) antagonist SHU-9119. Food intake, locomotor activity, and body temperature (Tb) were monitored during the ensuing 24-h period. Each of two intracerebroventricular doses of alpha-MSH (30 and 300 ng) potentiated the suppressive effects of LPS on food intake and locomotion, despite the fact that the higher dose alleviated LPS-induced fever. In control rats that were not treated with LPS, only the higher dose of alpha-MSH significantly inhibited food intake, and Tb and locomotor activity were unaffected. To assess the roles of endogenous central melanocortins, LPS-treated rats received intracerebroventricular SHU-9119 (200 ng). Central MC3-R/MC4-R blockade did not affect Tb or food intake in the absence of LPS treatment, but it reversed the LPS-induced reduction in 24-h food intake and increased LPS-induced fever without altering the LPS-induced suppression of locomotion. Taken together, the results suggest that exogenous and endogenous melanocortins acting centrally exert divergent influences on different aspects of the acute phase response, suppressing LPS-induced fever but contributing to LPS-induced anorexia and hypoactivity.  (+info)

First synthesis of a fully active spin-labeled peptide hormone. (4/562)

For the first time in the electron spin resonance (ESR) and peptide synthesis fields, a fully active spin-labeled peptide hormone was reported. The ESR spectra of this alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) analogue (acetyl-Toac0-alpha-MSH) where Toac is the paramagnetic amino acid probe 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid, suggested a pH-independent conformation and a more restricted movement comparatively to the free Toac. Owing to its equivalent biological potency in a skin pigmentation assay as compared to the native alpha-MSH and its unique characteristic (paramagnetic, naturally fluorescent and fully active), this analogue is of great potential for investigation of relevant physiological roles reported for alpha-MSH.  (+info)

alpha-MSH and its receptors in regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human monocyte/macrophages. (5/562)

The hypothesis that macrophages contain an autocrine circuit based on melanocortin [ACTH and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)] peptides has major implications for neuroimmunomodulation research and inflammation therapy. To test this hypothesis, cells of the THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage line were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence and absence of alpha-MSH. The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was inhibited in relation to alpha-MSH concentration. Similar inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha were observed with ACTH peptides that contain the alpha-MSH amino acid sequence and act on melanocortin receptors. Nuclease protection assays indicated that expression of the human melanocortin-1 receptor subtype (hMC-1R) occurs in THP-1 cells; Southern blots of RT-PCR product revealed that additional subtypes, hMC-3R and hMC-5R, also occur. Incubation of resting macrophages with antibody to hMC-1R increased TNF-alpha concentration; the antibody also markedly reduced the inhibitory influence of alpha-MSH on TNF-alpha in macrophages treated with LPS. These results in cells known to produce alpha-MSH at rest and to increase secretion of the peptide when challenged are consistent with an endogenous regulatory circuit based on melanocortin peptides and their receptors. Targeting of this neuroimmunomodulatory circuit in inflammatory diseases in which myelomonocytic cells are prominent should be beneficial.  (+info)

STZ-induced diabetes decreases and insulin normalizes POMC mRNA in arcuate nucleus and pituitary in rats. (6/562)

Effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and insulin on opioid peptide gene expression were examined in rats. In experiment 1, three groups were administered STZ (75 mg/kg ip single injection). Two groups were killed at either 2 or 4 wk. In the third group, insulin treatment (7.0 IU/kg x 1 day for 3 wk) was initiated 1 wk after STZ injection. STZ induced hyperphagia and reduced weight gain. Insulin decreased food intake and increased body weight relative to diabetes. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in arcuate nucleus (Arc) and pituitary decreased in diabetes and normalized after insulin treatment. Prodynorphin (proDyn) mRNA increased in diabetes and normalized in the pituitary after insulin but not in the Arc. Diabetes did not alter proenkephalin (proEnk) expression in the Arc or pituitary, nor dynorphin A1-17 or beta-endorphin in paraventricular nucleus (PVN). alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) peptide levels were decreased in the PVN and normalized following insulin treatment. Diabetes increased Arc neuropeptide Y mRNA, and insulin suppressed this increase. In experiment 2, insulin (2.5 IU/kg sc) daily for 1 wk in normal rats increased Arc POMC mRNA, but not proDyn and proEnk mRNA. These results suggest that Arc POMC expression and PVN alpha-MSH peptide levels decrease in diabetes. Also, insulin may influence Arc and pituitary POMC activity in neurons that regulate energy metabolism.  (+info)

Down-regulation of melanocortin receptor signaling mediated by the amino terminus of Agouti protein in Xenopus melanophores. (7/562)

Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) regulate pigmentation and body weight, respectively, by antagonizing melanocortin receptor signaling. A carboxyl-terminal fragment of Agouti protein, Ser73-Cys131, is sufficient for melanocortin receptor antagonism, but Western blot analysis of skin extracts reveals that the electrophoretic mobility of native Agouti protein corresponds to the mature full-length form, His23-Cys131. To investigate the potential role of the amino-terminal residues, we compared the function of full-length and carboxyl-terminal fragments of Agrp and Agouti protein in a sensitive bioassay based on pigment dispersion in Xenopus melanophores. We find that carboxyl-terminal Agouti protein, and all forms of Agrp tested, act solely by competitive antagonism of melanocortin action. However, full-length Agouti protein acts by an additional mechanism that is time- and temperature-dependent, depresses maximal levels of pigment dispersion, and is therefore likely to be mediated by receptor down-regulation. Apparent down-regulation is not observed for a mixture of amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal fragments. We propose that the phenotypic effects of Agouti in vivo represent a bipartite mechanism: competitive antagonism of agonist binding by the carboxyl-terminal portion of Agouti protein and down-regulation of melanocortin receptor signaling by an unknown mechanism that requires residues in the amino terminus of the Agouti protein.  (+info)

Conformation of the core sequence in melanocortin peptides directs selectivity for the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors. (8/562)

Melanocortin peptides regulate a variety of physiological processes. Five melanocortin receptors (MC-R) have been cloned and the MC3R and MC4R are the main brain MC receptors. The aim of this study was to identify structural requirements in both ligand and receptor that determine gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) selectivity for the MC3R versus the MC4R. Substitution of Asp10 in [Nle4]Lys-gamma2-MSH for Gly10 from [Nle4]alpha-MSH, increased both activity and affinity for the MC4R while the MC3R remained unaffected. Analysis of chimeric MC3R/MC4Rs and mutant MC4Rs showed that Tyr268 of the MC4R mainly determined the low affinity for [Nle4]Lys-gamma2-MSH. The data demonstrate that Asp10 determines selectivity for the MC3R, however, not through direct side chain interactions, but probably by influencing how the melanocortin core sequence is presented to the receptor-binding pocket. This is supported by mutagenesis of Tyr268 to Ile in the MC4R which increased affinity and activity for [Nle4]Lys-gamma2-MSH, but decreased affinity for two peptides with constrained cyclic structure of the melanocortin core sequence, MT-II and [D-Tyr4]MT-II, that also displayed lower affinity for the MC3R. This study provides a general concept for peptide receptor selectivity, in which the major determinant for a selective receptor interaction is the conformational presentation of the core sequence in related peptides to the receptor-binding pocket.  (+info)

Therapeutic efficacy of a 177Lu-labeled DOTA conjugated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptide in a murine melanoma...
Miao Y, Shelton T, Quinn TP. Therapeutic efficacy of a 177Lu-labeled DOTA conjugated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptide in a murine melanoma-bearing mouse model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2007 Jun; 22(3):333-41 ...
https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/25621582
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The best known actions of the pleiotrope alpha-melanophore stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) are skin pigment regulation and corticotrope actions in the response to chronic stress. Stress-induced and enhanced release of alpha-MSH may therefore influence skin pigmentation and stress physiology simultaneously. The release of alpha-MSH is under multiple control by hypothalamic hormones and neurotransmitters. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), melanophore concentrating hormone (MCH), and dopamine (DA) have been tested in a superfusion set up for their potential to regulate alpha-MSH release from the pituitary gland of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, in vitro. The release of alpha-MSH was stimulated by TRH and CRH, and was inhibited by MCH and DA. During unstimulated (basal) release, mono-acetylated alpha-MSH was the dominant form. During superfusion with secretagogues, we found that independent of their inhibitory or stimulatory capacity, isoform frequency did not ...
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Following PAGE of trout pituitary extracts three bioactive peaks of MSH were detected. These peaks labelled A, B and C had Rf values of 0.55-0.65, 0.7-0.85 and 0.9-1 respectively. Although the exact nature of peak A remains uncertain, it is possible that it represents a form of beta-MSH. Peaks B and C, both of which showed cross-reaction with antisera raised against mammalian alpha-MSH, almost certainly represent alpha and desacetyl alpha-MSH (ACTH 1-13 amide) respectively since these peptides are known to exist in the salmonid pituitary and run to similar Rf values. These three bioactive peaks were also extracted from flounder pituitaries, while in the lamprey a single bioactive molecule with an Rf value 0.6-0.7 was found to be present. In the trout although desacetyl alpha-MSH was found to be the predominant form of alpha-MSH in the pituitary and may therefore represent the storage form of this hormone, alpha-MSH was the major form released during in vitro culture. It is therefore likely that ...
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Substitution of the Lys linker with the ß-Ala linker dramatically decreased the renal uptake of 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp...
Flook AM, Yang J, Miao Y. Substitution of the Lys linker with the ß-Ala linker dramatically decreased the renal uptake of 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-conjugated a-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides. J Med Chem. 2014 Nov 13; 57(21):9010-8 ...
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While the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is yet to approve Melanotan for commercial use in Australia, there is compelling evidence that its use is increasing among the general population (via legal but unconventional channels). Yet, very little is understood of individual experiences of using Melanotan. Scholarly publications examining individual experiences of Melanotan use are also extremely scarce.. Project Melanotan aims to bring sociological understanding to scholarly discussions about tanning and sun exposure.. By engaging directly with melanotanners in a non-judgemental environment, more can be understood about the various rationales for trying Melanotan, the significance of the tanned aesthetic in contemporary Australia, and user outcomes for self-administered substances.. Researchers are currently seeking adult Australian residents who have previously or are currently using Melanotan to participate in a skype or face-to-face interview, OR face-to-face focus group discussion from ...
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Eating disorderEating disorder
Later study revealed that autoantibodies reactive with alpha-MSH are, in fact, generated against ClpB, a protein produced by ... ClpB protein was identified as a conformational antigen-mimetic of alpha-MSH. In patients with eating disorders plasma levels ... January 2009). "Regulation of feeding and anxiety by alpha-MSH reactive autoantibodies". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 (1): 140- ... October 2014). "Bacterial ClpB heat-shock protein, an antigen-mimetic of the anorexigenic peptide α-MSH, at the origin of ...
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Euthyroid sick syndromeEuthyroid sick syndrome
They may be stimulated by signals such as leptin, alpha-MSH, and catecholamines; and inhibited by glucocorticoids, neuropeptide ... a-MSH stimulates TRH gene expression in the PVN. This is enhanced by leptin, and inhibited by low leptin. a-MSH is also ...
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Melanocortin receptorMelanocortin receptor
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The subunit ACTH undergoes further cleavage to produce alpha-MSH, the most important MSH for skin pigmentation. In secondary ... This occurs because melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and ACTH share the same precursor molecule, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC ... After production in the anterior pituitary gland, POMC gets cleaved into gamma-MSH, ACTH, and beta-lipotropin. ...
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Sunless tanningSunless tanning
The role of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in promoting melanin diffusion has been known since the 1960s. In the ... α-MSH) activation of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1 receptor). This is accomplished via small molecule inhibition of salt- ... 1980s, scientists at University of Arizona began attempting to develop α-MSH and analogs as potential sunless tanning agents, ...
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Releasing and inhibiting hormonesReleasing and inhibiting hormones
Melanocyte-inhibiting factor (melanostatin) inhibits release of other neuropeptides such as alpha-MSH and also has many other ... in Ca2+ is achieved by the releasing hormone coupling and activating G protein coupled receptors coupled to the Gq alpha ...
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MelanocyteMelanocyte
Alpha-MSH is a cleavage product of ACTH that has an equal affinity for the MC1 receptor on melanocytes as ACTH. Melanosomes are ... This is mainly a consequence of alpha-MSH being secreted along with the hormone associated with reproductive tendencies in ... including the MSH and ACTH peptides that are produced from the precursor proopiomelanocortin. Vitiligo is a skin disease where ...
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ClonazepamClonazepam
May 1987). "The benzodiazepine agonist clonazepam potentiates the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on alpha-MSH release from ...
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Skin whiteningSkin whitening
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (β-MSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone are ... Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is also used as a skin bleacher, but its biochemical mechanism is unclear. Side effects may include ... While a number of agents-such as kojic acid and alpha hydroxy acid-are allowed in cosmetics in Europe, a number of others such ...
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ASIP Agouti signalling peptide (ASIP) acts as an inverse agonist, binding in place of alpha-MSH and thus inhibiting eumelanin ...
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MRAP2MRAP2
Also, the treatment of MC4/MRAP2 transfected cells with the melanocortin ligand alpha -melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) ...
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Agouti-signaling proteinAgouti-signaling protein
The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) is a competitive antagonist with alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to bind with ... Activation by α-MSH causes production of the darker eumelanin, while activation by ASIP causes production of the redder ... Agouti also promotes obesity by antagonizing melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) at the melanocortin receptor (MC4R), as MC4R ... as it agonizes via AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus and antagonizes MSH at MC4Rs which reduce satiety signals. AgRP acts as an ...
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Equine coat colorEquine coat color
The MC1R (extension) either binds alpha-MSH and signals for black and red pigment to be produced ('E' at extension), or it only ... either blocks MC1R from binding to alpha-MSH and signalling for black ('A' at agouti), or it does not ('a' at agouti). The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_coat_color
Carboxypeptidase ECarboxypeptidase E
... alpha-MSH, ACTH, and MIB-1 between human anterior and corticotroph cell "basophil invasion" of the posterior pituitary". The ...
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Melanocyte-inhibiting factorMelanocyte-inhibiting factor
McCullen RK, Peiffer RL, Jennes L, Hernandez DE (1988). "Inhibition by MIF-I of alpha-MSH induced increase of intraocular ... as well as inhibiting release of other neuropeptides such as alpha-MSH, and potentiating melatonin activity. This complex mix ... Caballero C, Celis ME (May 1993). "The effect of the blockade of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on LH release in the rat ... Melanocyte-inhibiting factor (also known as Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, Melanostatin, MSH release-inhibiting hormone or MIF-1) is an ...
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ACTH receptorACTH receptor
... rabbits respond to alpha and beta MSH's (therefore not using the ACTH receptor), and guinea pigs responding to both ACTH and ... α-MSH and ACTH are both peptides derived from processed POMC, and both activate the other MCR's, but ACTH is the only agonist ... by human MC2R accessory protein isoforms alpha and beta in isogenic human embryonic kidney 293 cells". Molecular Endocrinology ... other MSH's. In humans, ACTH has little lipolytic effect on adipose tissue. ACTH receptor activation also influences immune ...
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ChoriocarcinomaChoriocarcinoma
... from excess chorionic gonadotropin cross reacting with the alpha MSH receptor), gynecomastia, and weight loss (from excess ...
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List of biomoleculesList of biomolecules
Aequorin Aflatoxin Agar Alamethicin Alanine Albumins Aldosterone Aleurone Alpha-amanitin Alpha-MSH (Melaninocyte stimulating ... MSH) Melatonin Membrane protein Messenger RNA (mRNA) Metalloprotein Metallothionein Methionine Mimosine Mithramycin A Mitomycin ... hormone) Allantoin Allethrin α-Amanatin, see Alpha-amanitin Amino acid Amylase (also see α-amylase) Anabolic steroid Anandamide ...
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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.641)List of MeSH codes (D12.776.641)
... alpha-msh MeSH D12.776.641.650.460.075 - beta-msh MeSH D12.776.641.650.460.115 - gamma-msh MeSH D12.776.641.650.575.180 - ... dynorphins MeSH D12.776.641.650.575.241 - endorphins MeSH D12.776.641.650.575.241.030 - alpha-endorphin MeSH D12.776.641.650. ...
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C77H109N21O19SC77H109N21O19S
The molecular formula C77H109N21O19S (molar mass: 1664.884 g/mol) may refer to: Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) ... Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with the same molecular ...
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"Protective effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on the recovery of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced retinal ... α-MSH is a non-selective full agonist of the melanocortin receptors MC1 (Ki = 0.230 nM), MC3 (Ki = 31.5 nM), MC4 (Ki = 900 nM ... Bremelanotide, another analogue of α-MSH, is available in the United States not as a photoprotective agent, but for the ... α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide of the melanocortin family, with a ...
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List of MeSH codes (D12.644)List of MeSH codes (D12.644)
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List of MeSH codes (D06)List of MeSH codes (D06)
... alpha-msh MeSH D06.472.699.631.525.690.583.075 - beta-msh MeSH D06.472.699.631.525.690.583.115 - gamma-msh MeSH D06.472.699.631 ... alpha-msh MeSH D06.472.734.525.690.583.075 - beta-msh MeSH D06.472.734.525.690.583.115 - gamma-msh MeSH D06.472.734.525.883 - ... alpha-msh MeSH D06.472.699.631.525.690.130.200 - cosyntropin MeSH D06.472.699.631.525.690.480 - lipotropin MeSH D06.472.699.631 ... alpha-msh MeSH D06.472.734.525.690.130.200 - cosyntropin MeSH D06.472.734.525.690.480 - lipotropin MeSH D06.472.734.525.690.583 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D06)
Index of biochemistry articlesIndex of biochemistry articles
... alpha-beta T-cell antigen receptor - alpha-fetoprotein - alpha-globulin - alpha-macroglobulin - alpha-MSH - Ames test - amide ... alpha adrenergic receptor - alpha helix - alpha-1 adrenergic receptor - alpha-2 adrenergic receptor - ... transforming growth factor alpha - transforming growth factor beta - transforming growth factor beta receptor - transient ... MSH - mu opioid receptor - mu-chain immunoglobulin - mucin - Muller's ratchet - multiresistance - muscarinic receptor - muscle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles
Beta-EndorphinBeta-Endorphin
However, POMC also gives rise to other peptide hormones, including α- and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), resulting ... producing a 31 amino acid-long neuropeptide with an alpha-helical secondary structure. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Endorphin
MutS-1MutS-1
Human MSH has been implicated in non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) and is a mismatch binding protein. Nag N, Rao BJ, ... domain of MutS is responsible for mismatch recognition and forms a 6-stranded mixed beta-sheet surrounded by three alpha- ... Homologues of MutS have been found in many species including eukaryotes (MSH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 proteins), archaea and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MutS-1
Project Wideawake (supplement)Project Wideawake (supplement)
However, if you want to run MSH as it is designed to be run, some things are essential, and this is one of them." Tamlyn ... There are, however, some surprising omissions, including the Starjammers, Shi'Ar Imperial Guard and Alpha Flight. There are not ... concludes the review by saying, "Final point: the booklet introduces a new rule to MSH. Supervillains now have negative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Wideawake_(supplement)
Derek George SmythDerek George Smyth
Bradbury, A.F., Smyth, D.G. and Snell, C.R. (1975) Biosynthesis of β-MSH and ACTH. In: Peptides, Chemistry, Structure and ... isolation of alpha-N-acetyl peptides. Nature, 272, 252-254. Zakarian, S. and Smyth, D.G. (1982) β-endorphin is processed ... Bradbury, A,F., Smyth, D.G. and Snell, C.R. (1976) Prohormones of β-melanotropin (β-melanocyte stimulating hormone, β-MSH) and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_George_Smyth
Cats Paw (adventure)Cat's Paw (adventure)
All in all, slightly above average for MSH, but not their best." Game News #8 (Oct. 1985) The V.I.P. of Gaming Magazine #3 ( ... Cat's Paw is a scenario set in Canada featuring Alpha Flight vs. The Leader and his minions. Cat's-Paw consists of a sixteen- ... He noted that he was able to use characters other than Alpha Flight: "with very little modification of the plot I managed to ... Jeff Grubb explains in a paragraph in the introduction to Cat's Paw that other characters can be substituted for Alpha Flight. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat's_Paw_(adventure)
Melanocortin 5 receptorMelanocortin 5 receptor
"Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle". The Journal of ... "Glutamine235 and arginine272 in human melanocortin 5 receptor determines its low affinity to MSH". Biochemical and Biophysical ... high affinity peptide antagonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: their synthesis and biological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocortin_5_receptor
Origin of speechOrigin of speech
MSH) and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception The mirror neuron hypothesis, based on a phenomenon discovered in 2008 by ... The rebellious coalition decisively overthrows the figure of the primate alpha-male. No dominance is allowed except that of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_speech
Homeobox protein MSX-1Homeobox protein MSX-1
"Entrez Gene: MSX1 msh homeobox 1". Mostowska A, Kobielak A, Trzeciak WH (Oct 2003). "Molecular basis of non-syndromic tooth ... "Msx1 is present in thyrotropic cells and binds to a consensus site on the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter". ... MSX1 has been shown to interact with DLX5, CREB binding protein, Sp1 transcription factor, DLX2, TATA binding protein and Msh ... "Msx1 is present in thyrotropic cells and binds to a consensus site on the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeobox_protein_MSX-1
LeptinLeptin
Conversely, α-MSH is an important mediator of satiety, and differences in the gene for the α-MSH receptor are linked to obesity ... February 2000). "alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is contained in nerve terminals innervating thyrotropin-releasing hormone ... α-MSH). The NPY neurons are a key element in the regulation of hunger; small doses of NPY injected into the brains of ... leptin stimulates satiety by promoting the synthesis of α-MSH, a hunger suppressant Thus, a lesion in the lateral hypothalamus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin
Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory proteinMelanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein
The interaction between MCs and MRAP was found to reduce the former response to the melanocortin synthetic ligand NDP-MSH The ... by human MC2R accessory protein isoforms alpha and beta in isogenic human embryonic kidney 293 cells". Molecular Endocrinology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocortin_2_receptor_accessory_protein
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunctionPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
The administration of exogenous TRH causes an increase in ACTH and α-MSH in plasma of both normal horses and those with PPID. ... "Nitration and increased alpha-synuclein expression associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in equine pituitary pars ... The majority of ACTH is then cleaved into α-MSH and corticotropin-like intermediate peptide (CLIP). CLIP is thought to have an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_pars_intermedia_dysfunction
ProopiomelanocortinProopiomelanocortin
... or pro-γ-MSH) α-Melanotropin (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, or α-MSH) β-Melanotropin (β-MSH) γ-Melanotropin (γ-MSH) 𝛿- ... processing of the proopiomelanocortin peptides adrenocorticotropin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the skin". ... The endogenous agonists of melanocortin 4 receptor include α-MSH, β-MSH, γ-MSH, and ACTH. The fact that these are all cleavage ... Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (𝛿-MSH, present in sharks) ε-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (ε-MSH, present in some teleosts ) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proopiomelanocortin
Klaus H. HofmannKlaus H. Hofmann
Their efforts led to the synthesis of the melanocyte stimulating hormone, β-MSH, which corresponds to the first 13 amino acids ... Amino-Acid Sequence of Alpha-Corticotropin. Nature 173 251 1954. White, W. F. and Landmann, W. A. Studies on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_H._Hofmann
Loren Galler-RabinowitzLoren Galler-Rabinowitz
In 2015, Galler-Rabinowitz graduated from medical school an Alpha Omega Alpha member. In 2018, she completed an internal ... "MSH Gastroenterology Fellowship , Icahn School of Medicine". Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Retrieved 2020-03-27. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loren_Galler-Rabinowitz
Arcuate nucleusArcuate nucleus
MSH), and somatostatin. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor polypeptide that is cleaved into MSH, ACTH, and β-endorphin ... Baltatzi M, Hatzitolios A, Tziomalos K, Iliadis F, Zamboulis C (September 2008). "Neuropeptide Y and alpha-melanocyte- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus
Clinical neurochemistryClinical neurochemistry
Pain travels through a variety of pathways via first pain on Alpha Delta fibers and second pain on slowly conducting C-fibers. ... Neuropeptides include bradykinin, cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), galanin, MCH, MSH, Neuropeptide Y (NPY ... In some rare forms, protein aggregation of alpha-synuclein and parkin can elicit symptoms of Parkinson's disease. For a variety ... 280-297 Lee, VM; Trojanowski, JQ.Mechanisms of Parkinson's disease linked to pathological alpha-synuclein: new targets for drug ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_neurochemistry
Structures of active melanocortin-4 receptor-Gs-protein complexes with NDP-alpha-MSH and setmelanotide • Kai Ludwig •...Structures of active melanocortin-4 receptor-Gs-protein complexes with NDP-alpha-MSH and setmelanotide • Kai Ludwig •...
The ligand-binding modes of NDP-alpha-MSH, a high-affinity linear variant of the endogenous agonist alpha-MSH, and ... Structures of active melanocortin-4 receptor-Gs-protein complexes with NDP-alpha-MSH and setmelanotide. N. A. Heyder, G. ... Structures of active melanocortin-4 receptor-Gs-protein complexes with NDP-alpha-MSH and setmelanotide ... Structures of active melanocortin-4 receptor-Gs-protein complexes with NDP-alpha-MSH and setmelanotide ...
https://www.bcp.fu-berlin.de/en/chemie/chemie/forschung/OrgChem/ludwig/veroeffentlichungen/_Publikationen_Inhalt/2021/21007/index.html
Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise,...Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise,...
... α-MSH = alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; POMC = pro-opiomelanocortin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/985333-19406/which-psychiatric-disorders-are-associated-with-severe-obesity-in-children
IMSEAR at SEARO: Release of alpha-MSH from the in vitro superfused neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary of the rat by...
The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the release of immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) from ... Release of alpha-MSH from the in vitro superfused neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary of the rat by antidiuretic hormone. ... Release of alpha-MSH from the in vitro superfused neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary of the rat by antidiuretic hormone. ... It is suggested that ADH is normally involved in the secretion of alpha-MSH by the pars intermedia of the rat, especially in ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/106996
Obesity in Children Guidelines: Guidelines SummaryObesity in Children Guidelines: Guidelines Summary
... α-MSH = alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; POMC = pro-opiomelanocortin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-guidelines
Acetylation of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin by rat neurointermediate pituitary secretory granule-associated acetyltransferase. ...Acetylation of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin by rat neurointermediate pituitary secretory granule-associated acetyltransferase. ...
... Acetylation of alpha-melanotropin and beta-endorphin in the rat intermediate pituitary. Subcellular localization. ... Identification in pituitary tissue of a peptide alpha-amidation activity that acts on glycine-extended peptides and requires ... Further characterization of the peptidyl alpha-amidating enzyme in rat anterior pituitary secretory granules. ...
https://www.glembotskilab.org/publication/gibson-1985-peptides-6-615/
melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion | Semantic Scholarmelanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion | Semantic Scholar
... alpha-MSH) release via a Y(5) receptor and suppresses thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced alpha-MSH secretion via a Y(1… ... In amphibians, the secretion of alpha-MSH by melanotrope cells is stimulated by TRH and inhibited by NPY. We have previously… ... Dynamics of cyclic-AMP efflux in relation to alpha-MSH secretion from melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis. ... Known as: MSH secretion The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/melanocyte-stimulating-hormone-secretion/214272
POMC gene: MedlinePlus GeneticsPOMC gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
Three similar peptides called alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormones (α-, β-, and γ-MSH) are also cut from ... As a result, there is an absence of the peptides made from POMC, including ACTH, α-MSH, β-MSH, β-endorphin, and sometimes γ-MSH ... Loss of signaling in the brain stimulated by α-MSH and β-MSH dysregulates the bodys energy balance, leading to overeating and ... Decreased α-MSH in the skin reduces pigment production in melanocytes, which results in the red hair and pale skin often seen ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pomc/
Physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentationPhysiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation
Foxn1 and p53 up-regulate skin pigmentation via bFGF and POMC derivatives including alpha-MSH and ACTH, respectively. Other ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19449448/?dopt=Abstract
SMART: Op neuropeptide domain annotationSMART: Op neuropeptide domain annotation
... alpha-, beta- and gamma-melanocyte- stimulating hormones (MSH); and beta-endorphin [ (PUBMED:2266117) ]. ACTH regulates the ... the first 13 of which are identical to alpha-MSH [ (PUBMED:2266117) (PUBMED:2839146) ]. ... The action of MSH in man is poorly understood, but it may be involved in temperature regulation [ (PUBMED:2266117) ]. Full ...
http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=Op_neuropeptide&BLAST=DUMMY
The Maintenance of Sexual Function in Older People | Antiaging Systems ArticlesThe Maintenance of Sexual Function in Older People | Antiaging Systems Articles
Melanotan 2 (Palatin ®) is an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) analogue. In animals MSH regulates penile erection, ... Where erection is inadequate their remain other combinations of erection enhancing drugs: phentolamine, an alpha adrenoreceptor ...
https://www.antiaging-systems.com/articles/attitudes-behaviour-and-the-maintenance-of-sexual-function-in-older-people/
Primary Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 as a Novel VEGFR-3 PET Imaging Radiotracer in Gynecological...Primary Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTA-TMVP1 as a Novel VEGFR-3 PET Imaging Radiotracer in Gynecological...
Design of cyclic and other templates for potent and selective peptide alpha-MSH analogues ...
https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/26/6/1318/83388/Primary-Preclinical-and-Clinical-Evaluation-of
WikiGenesWikiGenes
Our results suggest that alpha-MSH, ACTH, and possibly beta-MSH, but not gamma-MSH, are capable of a physiological role in ... The order of affinity and potency of the noted melanotropins in these assays were alpha-MSH = ACTH , beta-MSH , gamma-MSH. ... alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and ACTH increase the proliferation and melanogenesis of cultured human ... However, we found that relative to alpha-MSH, the effect of gamma-MSH on cAMP formation was transient. ...
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/8612494.html
the flow - whats happening in nutrition
Berberine has been shown to inhibit the effects of the alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) on melanoma cells. ... berberine prevented the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and GSK-3beta and ERK1,2 which are normally stimulated by alpha-MSH ... In contrast, CUR treatment reduced the expression of casein kinase alpha (CK1-alpha), GSK-3beta, Axin and other components of ... The anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 blocked the ER-alpha dependent effects. RES induced the proteasomal degradation of ER-alpha. Thus ...
http://theflow.org
WHY DO WE SLEEP? - Dr. Jack KruseWHY DO WE SLEEP? - Dr. Jack Kruse
... chronic high cortisol cause low alpha MSH…….chronic low alpha MSH destroys gut VIP which destroys your ability to account for ... This is caused by a lowered chronic secretion form alpha MSH. When this happens your leptin receptor is just about shot. When ... N1 stage is characterized by the transition of alpha waves to theta waves on an EEG. This is the stage of a drowsy sleep. N2 is ...
https://jackkruse.com/why-do-we-sleep/
mMC4RmMC4R
Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. This ...
https://www.discoverx.com/target-data-sheets/gpcr/mmc4r
On-line Drugstore: Buy viagra online using paypal same day dispatch!On-line Drugstore: Buy viagra online using paypal same day dispatch!
Physiological changes in fertility potential of alpha-msh analogs remains to be mosomes. Efficacy injured men: Insight into ... alpha-1b, and alpha-1c receptors, and fgfr1 mutations sis between gnrh-dependent (normal response) and gnrh- have been reported ... is little relating to in real world and pretend that ethics and clinical outcome after in vitro studies have shown that alpha- ...
https://www.psm.edu/package/buy-viagra-online-using-paypal/89/
Upregulation of Mitf by Phenolic Compounds-Rich Cymbopogon schoenanthus Treatment Promotes Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells...Upregulation of Mitf by Phenolic Compounds-Rich Cymbopogon schoenanthus Treatment Promotes Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells...
MSH), in both B16 cells and HEM. Moreover, global gene expression analysis showed that at least 44 pigmentation-associated ... using 400 nm alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) as a positive control and incubated for 4 h after which RNA was ... α-MSH) or 1/1000 (v/v) CYM for 48 h. Results represent the mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. significant (. ) difference ... using 400 nm alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) as a positive control, and incubated for 4 h after which RNA was ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2017/8303671/
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSHMESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
alpha-Defensins D12.776.543.695.54.200.50. alpha-Endorphin D6.472.699.631.525.475.119 D6.472.699.631.525.600.119. alpha-MSH ... beta-MSH D6.472.699.631.525.475.492 D6.472.699.631.525.600.492. D6.472.699.631.525.475.531.750.75 D6.472.699.631.525.600. ... gamma-MSH D6.472.699.631.525.475.524 D6.472.699.631.525.600.524. D6.472.699.631.525.475.531.750.115 D6.472.699.631.525.600. ...
https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2008.htm
Andrew W. Taylor, PhD | Immunology Training ProgramAndrew W. Taylor, PhD | Immunology Training Program
Our research has found constitutively present neuropeptides in the immune privileged eye, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone ... a-MSH), vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene related peptide, and somatostatin. Collectively, the neuropeptides in ... norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y along with a-MSH and somatostatin. ...
https://www.bumc.bu.edu/immunology/faculty/taylor/
Pathways: Peptide Hormone Metabolism | www.anticorps-enligne.frPathways: Peptide Hormone Metabolism | www.anticorps-enligne.fr
MSH alpha): * MSH alpha Kits ELISA MME (Membrane Metallo-Endopeptidase): * MME Anticorps ...
https://www.anticorps-enligne.fr/peptide-hormone-metabolism-pathway-41/
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) can act as an antagonist to interleukin 1 (IL-1) bioactivities ... In this report we have found that epicutaneous application of a-MSH suppresses both the sensitization and elicitation limbs of ... These observations suggest that a-MSH, a peptide classically isolated from the pituitary but found in many other tissues and ... However, the mechanisms by which a-MSH or potentially other peptides found in the skin produce these suppressive effects have ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asthma+OR+%27allerg%2A%27+OR+%27immune%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=352&RecNo=3513&View=f&
Reactome | MSH [extracellular region]Reactome | MSH [extracellular region]
G alpha (s) signalling events (Homo sapiens) * Liganded Gs-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gs (Homo sapiens) * GPCR:ligand ... MSH [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) * MSH:Melanocortin receptors [plasma membrane] (Homo sapiens) * MSH [extracellular ... MSH:Melanocortin receptors [plasma membrane] (Homo sapiens) * MSH [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) ... MSH:Melanocortin receptors [plasma membrane] (Homo sapiens) * MSH [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) ...
https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-388597
Nutritional Programming Affects Hypothalamic Organization and Early Response to Leptin - INRAE - Institut national de recherche...Nutritional Programming Affects Hypothalamic Organization and Early Response to Leptin - INRAE - Institut national de recherche...
MSH-immunoreactive efferent fibers were demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of IUGR rats. Rapid catch-up growth of IUGR ... alpha}-MSH-immunoreactive efferent fibers were demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of IUGR rats. Rapid catch-up growth ...
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02664795
US Patent for Compositions and methods for producing reconstituted skin Patent (Patent # 9,655,930 issued May 23, 2017) -...US Patent for Compositions and methods for producing reconstituted skin Patent (Patent # 9,655,930 issued May 23, 2017) -...
A topical immunosuppressant such as TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, ACTH, alpha MSH, Cyclosporine A or Rapamycin can be applied to the ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/9655930
DeCSDeCS
MSH, (Desacetyl)alpha-. MSH, Des-Acetyl. MSH, alpha. alpha Intermedin. alpha MSH. alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone. alpha ... alpha-MSH (Desacetyl)alpha-MSH Adrenocorticotropin (1-13)NH2 DE-alpha-MSH Des-Acetyl MSH Desacetyl alpha MSH Desacetyl alpha ... Intermedin, alpha MSH, alpha alpha Intermedin alpha MSH alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone alpha Melanotropin alpha- ... DE-alpha-MSH. Des-Acetyl MSH. Desacetyl alpha MSH. Desacetyl alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone. Desacetyl alpha-MSH. ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=22828
Strategic Update II - CNS Program - ClinuvelStrategic Update II - CNS Program - Clinuvel
Melanocortins, including analogues of the naturally occurring alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), bind to ... The concept of neuroprotection offered by afamelanotide, an α-MSH analogue, and other hormones of the melanocortins family. ...
https://www.clinuvel.com/strategic-update-cns-program/
Role of central melanocortin signaling in eating disorders.<...
alpha-MSH Medicine & Life Sciences 18% * Neural Pathways Medicine & Life Sciences 17% ... The central melanocortinergic system consists of endogenous agonist alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the naturally ... The central melanocortinergic system consists of endogenous agonist alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the naturally ... The central melanocortinergic system consists of endogenous agonist alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the naturally ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/role-of-central-melanocortin-signaling-in-eating-disorders
Abstract Search
... with a parallel loss of DAerg control of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) release in lactating dams. It has been ...
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/search?a=1&q=Toth%20Miklos
Obesity in Children: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... α-MSH = alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; POMC = pro-opiomelanocortin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. ... α-MSH = alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; POMC = pro-opiomelanocortin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. ...
https://www.staging.medscape.com/answers/985333-19334/what-is-the-prevalence-of-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-in-the-us
Obesity in Children Differential DiagnosesObesity in Children Differential Diagnoses
... α-MSH = alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; POMC = pro-opiomelanocortin; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. ...
https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/985333-differential
ACTHReceptorsPeptidesMelanocortin 3 receptBeta-endorphinReceptorPeptideNeuropeptideAnaloguePituitaryEndogenous agonistSecretionPOMCStimulatesImmunoreactiveSuppressesMelanocytePhysiologicalAlfaProteinMelanogenesisInterleukinDownstreamCellsReleaseLevelsEffectLoss
ACTH7
  • Foxn1 and p53 up-regulate skin pigmentation via bFGF and POMC derivatives including alpha-MSH and ACTH, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • La ACTH (1-13) es amidada en el extremo C-terminal, dando lugar a ACTH (1-13)NH2, que sufre a su vez una acetilación, dando lugar a alfa-MSH en los gránulos secretores. (bvsalud.org)
  • ACTH (1-13) is amidated at the C-terminal to form ACTH (1-13)NH2 which in turn is acetylated to form alpha-MSH in the secretory granules. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hypothalamic regulation of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion switches to dopamine (DA) with a parallel loss of DAerg control of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) release in lactating dams. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The MC 2 receptor only binds ACTH and does not bind the other melanocortin peptides α-, β-, and γ-MSH. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Immunoreactive alpha-MSH and ACTH levels in rat plasma and pituitary. (wikidata.org)
  • Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. (mc1-r.com)
Receptors6
  • We periodically switched on a consistent and recurrent priapism are condition whereby there is little relating to in real world and pretend that ethics and clinical outcome after in vitro studies have shown that alpha-1a, alpha-1b, and alpha-1c receptors, and fgfr1 mutations sis between gnrh-dependent (normal response) and gnrh- have been reported. (psm.edu)
  • Melanocortins, including analogues of the naturally occurring alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), bind to melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R) on cells throughout the body and exert their effects. (clinuvel.com)
  • The central melanocortinergic system consists of endogenous agonist alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the naturally occurring antagonist Agouti-related protein (AGRP), and two melanocortin receptors (MC3R, MC4R). (elsevier.com)
  • There are several alpha-MSH receptors in the body. (ht-pharm.com)
  • MSH, activates certain melanocortin receptors in the process of exerting its effects. (austropeptide.com)
  • Nulliparous patients with melasma have no increased levels of estrogen or MSH, but they may show elevated levels of estrogen receptors within lesions. (medscape.com)
Peptides2
  • Three similar peptides called alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormones (α-, β-, and γ-MSH) are also cut from the POMC protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, the mechanisms by which a-MSH or potentially other peptides found in the skin produce these suppressive effects have not been elucidated. (cdc.gov)
Melanocortin 3 recept1
  • Studies show that γ-MSH binds to melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R). (medlineplus.gov)
Beta-endorphin1
  • Acetylation of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin by rat neurointermediate pituitary secretory granule-associated acetyltransferase. (glembotskilab.org)
Receptor5
  • The primary role of α-MSH is in the pigment-producing cells of the skin and hair (melanocytes), where it binds to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The β-MSH peptide plays a role in weight regulation by binding to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. (discoverx.com)
  • Interestingly, these mice are resistant to the ability of the adipose hormone leptin to inhibit food intake, and are hypersensitive to the actions of a downstream effector of leptin, a neuropeptide called alpha-MSH that acts through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). (fpwr.org)
  • Melanotan 2 (MT-2) functions by stimulating the alpha-MSH receptor. (ht-pharm.com)
Peptide8
  • Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of MC4R-Gs-protein complexes with two drugs recently approved by the FDA, the peptide agonists NDP-alpha-MSH and setmelanotide, with 2.9 angstrom and 2.6 angstrom resolution. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The α-MSH peptide can also bind to MC4R and help maintain the correct energy balance. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our research has found constitutively present neuropeptides in the immune privileged eye, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH), vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene related peptide, and somatostatin. (bu.edu)
  • These observations suggest that a-MSH, a peptide classically isolated from the pituitary but found in many other tissues and cells of the body, may represent an additional biologic modifier than can modulate suppression of the contact hypersensitivity responses to various haptens. (cdc.gov)
  • This suggests that PWS patients may respond well to treatment with MC4R based drugs, and this is the basis for the current clinical trial in PWS patients of setmelanotide, a peptide analogue of alpha-MSH administered by injection. (fpwr.org)
  • Melanotan 2 is a peptide hormone belonging to the mimetics class of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MCH). (ht-pharm.com)
  • PT-141 was developed from the tanning peptide Melanotan 2 , which is a synthetically produced variant of a peptide hormone naturally produced in the body that stimulates melanogenesis that is known as alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone. (austropeptide.com)
  • Bremelanotide is a cyclic hepta-peptide lactam derivative of alpha-MSH. (testosteroneanabolicsteroid.com)
Neuropeptide2
  • We have preliminary evidence that this is mediated by neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system, norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y along with a-MSH and somatostatin. (bu.edu)
  • The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) can act as an antagonist to interleukin 1 (IL-1) bioactivities such as inhibition of fever production, thymocyte proliferation, and inhibition of release of acute phase inflammatory molecules from the liver. (cdc.gov)
Analogue3
  • The concept of neuroprotection offered by afamelanotide, an α-MSH analogue, and other hormones of the melanocortins family. (clinuvel.com)
  • Further, we will test if this class of drugs can enhance the activity of alpha-MSH compounds currently in clinical trials for PWS, such as the RM511 analogue, setmelanotide. (fpwr.org)
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Pituitary2
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Release of alpha-MSH from the in vitro superfused neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary of the rat by antidiuretic hormone. (who.int)
  • The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the release of immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) from the superfused neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of the normal Wistar and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rat was studied in vitro. (who.int)
Endogenous agonist1
  • The ligand-binding modes of NDP-alpha-MSH, a high-affinity linear variant of the endogenous agonist alpha-MSH, and setmelanotide, a cyclic anti-obesity drug with biased signaling toward Gq/11, underline the key role of TM3 in ligand-specific interactions and of calcium ion as a ligand-adaptable cofactor. (fu-berlin.de)
Secretion5
  • It is suggested that ADH is normally involved in the secretion of alpha-MSH by the pars intermedia of the rat, especially in response to osmotic stimuli. (who.int)
  • In amphibians, the secretion of α-MSH by melanotrope cells is stimulated by TRH and inhibited by NPY. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Dynamics of cyclic-AMP efflux in relation to alpha-MSH secretion from melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Effect of neuropeptides on alpha-MSH secretion. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Lack of action of thyroxine on TRH-induced alpha-MSH secretion. (semanticscholar.org)
POMC1
  • Decreased α-MSH in the skin reduces pigment production in melanocytes, which results in the red hair and pale skin often seen in people with POMC deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
Stimulates1
  • Alpha-MSH stimulates the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. (bvsalud.org)
Immunoreactive1
  • Additionally, a slight reduction of agouti-related protein and a strong reduction of {alpha}-MSH-immunoreactive efferent fibers were demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of IUGR rats. (inrae.fr)
Suppresses1
  • In this report we have found that epicutaneous application of a-MSH suppresses both the sensitization and elicitation limbs of the cutaneous immune response (CIR) to potent contact sensitizers like dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or oxazalone (OX) in mice. (cdc.gov)
Melanocyte4
  • CYM increased the melanin content of the cells by upregulating the expression of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) at the protein and mRNA levels, comparable to the effect of α -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), in both B16 cells and HEM. (hindawi.com)
  • Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone modulates contact hypersensitivity responsiveness in C57/BL6 mice. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 3 ] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is also known to induce increased production of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and corticotropin, as well as interleukin 1 and endothelin 1, all of which contribute to increased melanin production by intraepidermal melanocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Estrogen, progesterone, and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) levels are normally increased during the third trimester of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Physiological1
  • Physiological changes in fertility potential of alpha-msh analogs remains to be mosomes. (psm.edu)
Alfa1
  • La alfa-MSH estimula la síntesis y distribución de MELANINA en los MELANOCITOS de mamíferos y en los MELANÓFOROS de vertebrados inferiores. (bvsalud.org)
Protein1
  • After infusion, transduced CD34+ HSCs engraft in bone marrow and differentiate to produce RBCs containing biologically active beta A-T87Q -globin (a modified beta-globin protein) that combines with alpha globin to produce functional hemoglobin containing beta A-T87Q -globin (Hb A-T87Q ). (medscape.com)
Melanogenesis1
  • gamma-MSH stimulated cAMP formation without affecting proliferation or melanogenesis. (wikigenes.org)
Interleukin1
  • Further, the loss of contact hypersensitivity due to applications of a-MSH could be reconstituted by either intradermal or intravenous injections of epidermal thymocyte activating factor (ETAF)/interleukin-1. (cdc.gov)
Downstream1
  • After mismatch binding, forms a ternary complex with the MutL alpha heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis. (affbiotech.com)
Cells1
  • Topical application of a-MSH did not cause an alteration in Ia+ dendritic cells (i.e. (cdc.gov)
Release1
  • In control experiments, there was usually an initial peak, after which alpha-MSH release fell exponentially over the course of the perfusion. (who.int)
Levels1
  • Following the addition of ADH, the levels of alpha-MSH in the superfusate showed a significant rise. (who.int)
Effect1
  • However, we found that relative to alpha-MSH, the effect of gamma-MSH on cAMP formation was transient. (wikigenes.org)
Loss1
  • Loss of signaling in the brain stimulated by α-MSH and β-MSH dysregulates the body's energy balance, leading to overeating and severe obesity. (medlineplus.gov)
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