alpha Karyopherins: Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to the NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNALS of cytoplasmic molecules destined to be imported into the CELL NUCLEUS. Once attached to their cargo they bind to BETA KARYOPHERINS and are transported through the NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX. Inside the CELL NUCLEUS alpha karyopherins dissociate from beta karypherins and their cargo. They then form a complex with CELLULAR APOPTOSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY PROTEIN and RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN which is exported to the CYTOPLASM.Karyopherins: A family of proteins involved in NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT. Karyopherins are heteromeric molecules composed two major types of components, ALPHA KARYOPHERINS and BETA KARYOPHERINS, that function together to transport molecules through the NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX. Several other proteins such as RAN GTP BINDING PROTEIN and CELLULAR APOPTOSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY PROTEIN bind to karyopherins and participate in the transport process.beta Karyopherins: Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS in the CYTOSOL and are involved in transport of molecules through the NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX. Once inside the CELL NUCLEUS beta karyopherins interact with RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN and dissociate from alpha karyopherins. Beta karyopherins bound to RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN are then re-transported to the cytoplasm where hydrolysis of the GTP of RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN causes release of karyopherin beta.Nuclear Pore: An opening through the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE formed by the nuclear pore complex which transports nuclear proteins or RNA into or out of the CELL NUCLEUS and which, under some conditions, acts as an ion channel.Active Transport, Cell Nucleus: Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.ran GTP-Binding Protein: A monomeric GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins into the nucleus and RNA into the cytoplasm. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins: Proteins that form the structure of the NUCLEAR PORE. They are involved in active, facilitated and passive transport of molecules in and out of the CELL NUCLEUS.Nuclear Localization Signals: Short, predominantly basic amino acid sequences identified as nuclear import signals for some proteins. These sequences are believed to interact with specific receptors at the NUCLEAR PORE.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins: Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear: Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.alpha 1-Antitrypsin: Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES.Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha: One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: A member of the NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR subfamily of the LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNEL family. It consists entirely of pentameric a7 subunits expressed in the CNS, autonomic nervous system, vascular system, lymphocytes and spleen.Integrin alpha3beta1: Cell surface receptor for LAMININ, epiligrin, FIBRONECTINS, entactin, and COLLAGEN. Integrin alpha3beta1 is the major integrin present in EPITHELIAL CELLS, where it plays a role in the assembly of BASEMENT MEMBRANE as well as in cell migration, and may regulate the functions of other integrins. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of the alpha subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA3), are differentially expressed in different cell types.Integrin alpha4: An integrin alpha subunit that is unique in that it does not contain an I domain, and its proteolytic cleavage site is near the middle of the extracellular portion of the polypeptide rather than close to the membrane as in other integrin alpha subunits.Integrin alpha6: An integrin alpha subunit that primarily associates with INTEGRIN BETA1 or INTEGRIN BETA4 to form laminin-binding heterodimers. Integrin alpha6 has two alternatively spliced isoforms: integrin alpha6A and integrin alpha6B, which differ in their cytoplasmic domains and are regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner.Integrin alpha5beta1: An integrin found in FIBROBLASTS; PLATELETS; MONOCYTES, and LYMPHOCYTES. Integrin alpha5beta1 is the classical receptor for FIBRONECTIN, but it also functions as a receptor for LAMININ and several other EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.Integrin alpha4beta1: Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.Interleukin-1alpha: An interleukin-1 subtype that occurs as a membrane-bound pro-protein form that is cleaved by proteases to form a secreted mature form. Unlike INTERLEUKIN-1BETA both membrane-bound and secreted forms of interleukin-1alpha are biologically active.Integrin alpha2beta1: An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1: A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors that mediate contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in a variety of tissues such as ARTERIOLES; VEINS; and the UTERUS. They are usually found on postsynaptic membranes and signal through GQ-G11 G-PROTEINS.Integrin alpha5: This integrin alpha subunit combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form a receptor (INTEGRIN ALPHA5BETA1) that binds FIBRONECTIN and LAMININ. It undergoes posttranslational cleavage into a heavy and a light chain that are connected by disulfide bonds.Integrin alpha1beta1: Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.Authorship: The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.Knowledge Bases: Collections of facts, assumptions, beliefs, and heuristics that are used in combination with databases to achieve desired results, such as a diagnosis, an interpretation, or a solution to a problem (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed).Nucleoplasmins: A family of histone molecular chaperones that play roles in sperm CHROMATIN decondensation and CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY in fertilized eggs. They were originally discovered in XENOPUS egg extracts as histone-binding factors that mediate nucleosome formation in vitro.Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Rats, Inbred BUFGTP-Binding Proteins: Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.Graft Survival: The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.Kidney Transplantation: The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.Delayed Graft Function: General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung: A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Gene Dosage: The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.Genomic Instability: An increased tendency of the GENOME to acquire MUTATIONS when various processes involved in maintaining and replicating the genome are dysfunctional.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.
Phosphorylation-dependent binding of hepatitis B virus core particles to the nuclear pore complex. (1/392)
Although many viruses replicate in the nucleus, little is known about the processes involved in the nuclear import of viral genomes. We show here that in vitro generated core particles of human hepatitis B virus bind to nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in digitonin-permeabilized mammalian cells. This only occurred if the cores contained phosphorylated core proteins. Binding was inhibited by wheat germ agglutinin, by antinuclear pore complex antibodies, and by peptides corresponding either to classical nuclear localization signals (NLS) or to COOH-terminal sequences of the core protein. Binding was dependent on the nuclear transport factors importins (karyopherins) alpha and beta. The results suggested that phosphorylation induces exposure of NLS in the COOH-terminal portion of the core protein that allows core binding to the NPCs by the importin- (karyopherin-) mediated pathway. Thus, phosphorylation of the core protein emerged as an important step in the viral replication cycle necessary for transport of the viral genome to the nucleus. (+info)Deciphering the nuclear import pathway for the cytoskeletal red cell protein 4.1R. (2/392)
The erythroid membrane cytoskeletal protein 4.1 is the prototypical member of a genetically and topologically complex family that is generated by combinatorial alternative splicing pathways and is localized at diverse intracellular sites including the nucleus. To explore the molecular determinants for nuclear localization, we transfected COS-7 cells with epitope-tagged versions of natural red cell protein 4.1 (4.1R) isoforms as well as mutagenized and truncated derivatives. Two distant topological sorting signals were required for efficient nuclear import of the 4.1R80 isoform: a basic peptide, KKKRER, encoded by alternative exon 16 and acting as a weak core nuclear localization signal (4.1R NLS), and an acidic peptide, EED, encoded by alternative exon 5. 4.1R80 isoforms lacking either of these two exons showed decreased nuclear import. Fusion of various 4.1R80 constructs to the cytoplasmic reporter protein pyruvate kinase confirmed a requirement for both motifs for full NLS function. 4.1R80 was efficiently imported in the nuclei of digitonin-permeabilized COS-7 cells in the presence of recombinant Rch1 (human importin alpha2), importin beta, and GTPase Ran. Quantitative analysis of protein-protein interactions using a resonant mirror detection technique showed that 4.1R80 bound to Rch1 in vitro with high affinity (KD = 30 nM). The affinity decreased at least 7- and 20-fold, respectively, if the EED motif in exon 5 or if 4.1R NLS in exon 16 was lacking or mutated, confirming that both motifs were required for efficient importin-mediated nuclear import of 4.1R80. (+info)Nuclear import of plasmid DNA in digitonin-permeabilized cells requires both cytoplasmic factors and specific DNA sequences. (3/392)
Although much is known about the mechanisms of signal-mediated protein and RNA nuclear import and export, little is understood concerning the nuclear import of plasmid DNA. Plasmids between 4.2 and 14.4 kilobases were specifically labeled using a fluorescein-conjugated peptide nucleic acid clamp. The resulting substrates were capable of gene expression and nuclear localization in microinjected cells in the absence of cell division. To elucidate the requirements for plasmid nuclear import, a digitonin-permeabilized cell system was adapted to follow the nuclear localization of plasmids. Nuclear import of labeled plasmid was time- and energy-dependent, was inhibited by the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, and showed an absolute requirement for cytoplasmic extract. Addition of nuclear extract alone did not support plasmid nuclear import but in combination with cytoplasm stimulated plasmid nuclear localization. Whereas addition of purified importin alpha, importin beta, and RAN was sufficient to support protein nuclear import, plasmid nuclear import also required the addition of nuclear extract. Finally, nuclear import of plasmid DNA was sequence-specific, requiring a region of the SV40 early promoter and enhancer. Taken together, these results confirm and extend our findings in microinjected cells and support a protein-mediated mechanism for plasmid nuclear import. (+info)Nuclear import of RPA in Xenopus egg extracts requires a novel protein XRIPalpha but not importin alpha. (4/392)
Replication protein A (RPA) is a eukaryotic single-stranded (ss) DNA-binding protein that is essential for general DNA metabolism. RPA consists of three subunits (70, 33 and 14 kDa). We have identified by two-hybrid screening a novel Xenopus protein called XRIPalpha that interacts with the ssDNA-binding domain of the largest subunit of RPA. XRIPalpha homologues are found in human and in Drosophila but not in yeast. XRIPalpha is complexed with RPA in Xenopus egg extracts together with another 90 kDa protein that was identified as importin beta. We have demonstrated that XRIPalpha, but not importin alpha, is required for nuclear import of RPA. Immunodepletion of XRIPalpha from the egg extracts blocks nuclear import of RPA but not that of nucleoplasmin, a classical import substrate. RPA import can be restored by addition of recombinant XRIPalpha. Conversely, depletion of importin alpha blocks import of nucleoplasmin but not that of RPA. GST-XRIPalpha pull-down assay shows that XRIPalpha interacts directly with recombinant importin beta as well as with RPA in vitro. Finally, RPA import can be reconstituted from the recombinant proteins. We propose that XRIPalpha plays the role of importin alpha in the RPA import scheme: XRIPalpha serves as an adaptor to link RPA to importin beta. (+info)The direction of transport through the nuclear pore can be inverted. (5/392)
Transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope is an active process that depends on soluble factors including the GTPase Ran. Ran-GTP is predominantly located in the nucleus and has been shown to regulate cargo binding and release of import and export receptors in their respective target compartments. Recently, it was shown that transport of receptor-cargo complexes across the nuclear pore complex (NPC) does not depend on GTP-hydrolysis by Ran; however, the mechanism of translocation is still poorly understood. Here, we show that the direction of transport through the NPC can be inverted in the presence of high concentrations of cytoplasmic Ran-GTP. Under these conditions, two different classes of export cargoes are transported into the nucleus in the absence of GTP hydrolysis. The inverted transport is very rapid and can be blocked by known inhibitors of nuclear protein export. These results suggest that the NPC functions as a facilitated transport channel, allowing the selective translocation of receptor-cargo complexes. We conclude that the directionality of nucleocytoplasmic transport is determined mainly by the compartmentalized distribution of Ran-GTP. (+info)Cellular uptake and nuclear delivery of recombinant adenovirus penton base. (6/392)
An Ad2 capsid component, the penton base, expressed as recombinant protein, was found to be capable of affecting the entire entry pathway of adenovirion in HeLa cells, i.e., cell attachment, endocytosis, vesicular escape, intracytoplasmic movement, and translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Data with pentamerization-defective mutants suggested that none of these successive steps depended upon penton base pentamer status, indicating that the peptide domains responsible for these functions were carried by the monomer. Observations performed with wild-type (WT) and an integrin-binding-site double-mutant (K288E340) suggested that the penton base could enter the cell via an alternative, RGD- and LDV-independent, pathway. Of three mutants that were found to be defective in nuclear addressing in insect cells, only one, W165H, was also altered in nuclear transport in HeLa cells. The other two, W119H and RRR547EQQ, showed a WT pattern of nuclear localization in HeLa cells, suggesting that the region including tryptophan-119 and the basic signal at position 547 did not act as a nuclear localization signal in the human cell context. The integrity of cellular structures and the cytoskeleton seemed to be required for the vectorial movement and nuclear import of WT penton base, as suggested by experiments using permeabilized HeLa cells, isolated nuclear membranes, and cytoskeleton-targeted drugs. (+info)The yeast nucleoporin Nup2p is involved in nuclear export of importin alpha/Srp1p. (7/392)
The importin alpha.beta heterodimer mediates nuclear import of proteins containing classical nuclear localization signals. After carrying its cargo into the nucleus, the importin dimer dissociates, and Srp1p (the yeast importin alpha subunit) is recycled to the cytoplasm in a complex with Cse1p and RanGTP. Nup2p is a yeast FXFG nucleoporin that contains a Ran-binding domain. We find that export of Srp1p from the nucleus is impaired in Deltanup2 mutants. Also, Srp1p fusion proteins accumulate at the nuclear rim in wild-type cells but accumulate in the nuclear interior in Deltanup2 cells. A deletion of NUP2 shows genetic interactions with mutants in SRP1 and PRP20, which encodes the Ran nucleotide exchange factor. Srp1p binds directly to an N-terminal domain of Nup2p. This region of Nup2p is sufficient to allow accumulation of an Srp1p fusion protein at the nuclear rim, but the C-terminal Ran-binding domain of Nup2p is required for efficient Srp1p export. Formation of the Srp1p.Cse1p. RanGTP export complex releases Srp1p from its binding site in Nup2p. We propose that Nup2p may act as a scaffold that facilitates formation of the Srp1p export complex. (+info)A bipartite nuclear localization signal is required for p53 nuclear import regulated by a carboxyl-terminal domain. (8/392)
Abnormal p53 cellular localization has been considered to be one of the mechanisms that could inactivate p53 function. To understand the regulation of p53 cellular trafficking, we have previously identified two p53 domains involved in its localization. A basic domain, Lys(305)-Arg(306), is required for p53 nuclear import, and a carboxyl-terminal domain, namely the cytoplasmic sequestration domain (CSD) from residues 326-355, could block the nuclear import of Lys(305) or Arg(306) mutated p53. To characterize further the function of these two domains, we demonstrate in this report that the previously described major nuclear localization signal works together with Lys(305)-Arg(306) to form a bipartite and functional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) for p53 nuclear import. The CSD could block the binding of p53 to the NLS receptor, importin alpha, and reduce the efficiency of p53 nuclear import in MCF-7, H1299, and Saos-2 cells. The blocking effect of the CSD is not due to the enhancement of nuclear export or oligomerization of the p53. These results indicate that the CSD can regulate p53 nuclear import by controlling access of the NLS to importin alpha binding. (+info)The SRP1 domain is Karyopherin(importin) alpha. This is involved in the exchange of molecules from the nucleus and the ... The SRP1 domain encodes alpha-Karyopherin (importin) and is known for intracellular trafficking and secretion on the membrane. ... The exchange involves the active transport by a carrier protein called karyopherins. A di-leucine motif is also abundant in ...
"Entrez Gene: KPNA3 karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4)". Köhler, M; Speck C; Christiansen M; Bischoff F R; Prehn S; Haller H ... The similarities among these proteins suggests that karyopherin alpha-3 may be involved in the nuclear transport system. KPNA3 ... "Isolation and mapping of karyopherin alpha 3 (KPNA3), a human gene that is highly homologous to genes encoding Xenopus importin ... Importin subunit alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA3 gene. The transport of molecules between the ...
"Entrez Gene: KPNA6 karyopherin alpha 6 (importin alpha 7)". Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (2004). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of ... a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in ... Importin subunit alpha-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA6 gene. Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and ... Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. The protein encoded by ...
"Entrez Gene: KPNA4 karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3)". Liu L, McBride KM, Reich NC (Jun 2005). "STAT3 nuclear import is ... "Cloning of two novel human importin-alpha subunits and analysis of the expression pattern of the importin-alpha protein family ... Importin subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA4 gene. The nuclear import of karyophilic proteins ... Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, Oettinger M, Trono D (Feb 1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus ...
"Entrez Gene: KPNA5 karyopherin alpha 5 (importin alpha 6)". Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (2004). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of ... "Cloning of two novel human importin-alpha subunits and analysis of the expression pattern of the importin-alpha protein family ... Importin subunit alpha-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA5 gene. The transport of molecules between the ... 1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import". J. Virol. 70 (2): 1027-32. PMC ...
... has been shown to interact with Karyopherin alpha 2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000122644 - Ensembl, May 2017 ...
Braem CV, Kas K, Meyen E, Debiec-Rychter M, Van De Ven WJ, Voz ML (2002). "Identification of a karyopherin alpha 2 recognition ... PLAG1 has been shown to interact with Karyopherin alpha 2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000181690 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... "Identification of a karyopherin alpha 2 recognition site in PLAG1, which functions as a nuclear localization signal". J. Biol. ...
... has been shown to interact with KPNA4 and Karyopherin alpha 2. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000004700 - Ensembl, May ... Seki T, Tada S, Katada T, Enomoto T (1997). "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel importin-alpha homologue, Qip1: discrimination ... "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel importin-alpha homologue, Qip1: discrimination of Qip1 and Rch1 from hSrp1 by their ability ...
"RanGTP-mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin Nup153". Proc. Natl. Acad. ... It also acts as the docking site of an importing karyopherin. On the cytoplasmic side of the NPC, Nup358 fulfills an analogous ... Yaseen NR, Blobel G (1997). "Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): ... Brownawell AM, Macara IG (2002). "Exportin-5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double-stranded RNA binding ...
... has been shown to interact with: CIB1, Karyopherin alpha 1, MAPK1, and TOPBP1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104517 ...
... has been shown to interact with: KPNA3, Karyopherin alpha 1, Karyopherin alpha 2, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog ... Each of these subunits are part of the karyopherin family of proteins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the ... Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A (September 1997). "RanGTP-mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction ... Ran-GTP dissociates the karyopherin alphabeta heterodimer by displacing alpha from an overlapping binding site on beta". Proc. ...
Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A (September 1997). "RanGTP-mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction ... Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G (May 1997). "Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein". ... Yaseen NR, Blobel G (1997). "Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): ... Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G (1997). "Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein". Proc. ...
"Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localisation signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha". ... A protein translated with a NLS will bind strongly to importin (aka karyopherin), and, together, the complex will move through ... analysis of the specific yet versatile recognition of distinct nuclear localisation signals by karyopherin alpha". Structure. 8 ... also known as transportin or karyopherin β2), which then translocates the cargo protein into the nucleus. The structural basis ...
"Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha". ... Importin: IPO4, IPO5, IPO7, IPO8, IPO9, IPO11, IPO13 Karyopherin-α: KPNA1, KPNA2, KPNA3, KPNA4, KPNA5, KPNA6 Karyopherin-β: ... Each one of these repeats contains two antiparallel alpha helices linked by a turn, which stack together to form the overall ... Importin-β is the typical structure of a larger superfamily of karyopherins. The basis of their structure is 18-20 tandem ...
"Nuclear localization of the tyrosine kinase Itk and interaction of its SH3 domain with karyopherin alpha (Rch1alpha)". Int. ...
Importin alpha, or karyopherin alpha refers to a class of adaptor proteins that are involved in the import of proteins into the ... Moroianu, J; Blobel, G; Radu, A (1996-06-25). "The binding site of karyopherin alpha for karyopherin beta overlaps with a ... "Previously identified protein of uncertain function is karyopherin alpha and together with karyopherin beta docks import ... Wang, P.; Palese, P.; O'Neill, R. E. (1997-03-01). "The NPI-1/NPI-3 (karyopherin alpha) binding site on the influenza a virus ...
2014). "Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on karyopherin alpha 5 to selectively compete with nuclear import of ... KPNA proteins have 10 armadillo repeats each consisting of three alpha helices which determine their binding specificity, the ... Additionally, eVP24 inhibits interferon signaling by competitively binding to karyopherins which blocks phosphorylated STAT1 ... "The Ebola virus VP24 protein prevents hnRNP C1/C2 binding to karyopherin α1 and partially alters its nuclear import". J. Infect ...
... karyopherins MeSH D12.776.157.530.750.500.100 -- alpha karyopherins MeSH D12.776.157.530.750.500.249 -- beta karyopherins MeSH ... gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, g12-g13 MeSH D12.776.157.325.332.100.200 -- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gi-go MeSH ... gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gq-g11 MeSH D12.776.157.325.332.100.400 -- gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gs MeSH ... alpha subunit MeSH D12.776.157.057.061.500.500 -- stat1 transcription factor MeSH D12.776.157.057.061.500.750 -- stat2 ...
"Differential regulation of karyopherin alpha 2 expression by TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma in normal human epidermal keratinocytes: ...
"Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... The classical karyopherin receptor complex, such as the complex that uses Importin-β1 (encoded by gene KPNB1), is a heterodimer ... However, Transportin-1 can directly bind to the cargo proteins and may not need importin alpha subunit to do it. Transportin-1 ... Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G (Jun 1997). "Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein". ...
... a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in ... Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. Interactions between ... Chook YM, Blobel G (2002). "Karyopherins and nuclear import". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 11 (6): 703-15. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X( ... "Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (9): 4451-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4451 ...
First, it is binding importin alpha - another type of karyopherin that binds the cargo protein in the cytoplasm - before the ... Most proteins require karyopherins to traverse the nuclear pore. Karyopherins can act as importins (i.e. helping proteins get ... Karyopherins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Illustrations at berkeley.edu Karyopherin ... Karyopherins are a group of proteins involved in transporting molecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of a eukaryotic ...
"Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... Importin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA1 gene. Karyopherin alpha 1 has been shown to ... "Previously identified protein of uncertain function is karyopherin alpha and together with karyopherin beta docks import ... Percipalle, P; Clarkson W D; Kent H M; Rhodes D; Stewart M (Mar 1997). "Molecular interactions between the importin alpha/beta ...
"Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... "Entrez Gene: KPNA2 karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1)". Lin CY, Huang PH, Liao WL, Cheng HJ, Huang CF, Kuo JC ... KPNA2 also may play a role in V(D)J recombination Karyopherin alpha 2 has been shown to interact with: ARL4A ITK, KPNB1, PLAG1 ... Braem CV, Kas K, Meyen E, Debiec-Rychter M, Van De Ven WJ, Voz ML (May 2002). "Identification of a karyopherin alpha 2 ...
For example, the beta-karyopherin superfamily consists of alpha solenoid proteins formed from HEAT repeats; importin beta is a ... "alpha alpha superhelix". The CATH database uses the term "alpha horseshoe" for these proteins, and uses "alpha solenoid" for a ... An alpha solenoid (sometimes also known as an alpha horseshoe or as stacked pairs of alpha helices, abbreviated SPAH) is a ... Examples of alpha solenoid structures binding RNA and lipids have also been described. The term "alpha solenoid" has been used ...
Most karyopherins interact directly with their cargo, although some use adaptor proteins.[11] Steroid hormones such as cortisol ... Like the components of other intermediate filaments, the lamin monomer contains an alpha-helical domain used by two monomers to ... Those karyopherins that mediate movement into the nucleus are also called importins, whereas those that mediate movement out of ... macromolecules such as RNA and proteins require association karyopherins called importins to enter the nucleus and exportins to ...
"Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... Importin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA1 gene. Karyopherin alpha 1 has been shown to ... "Previously identified protein of uncertain function is karyopherin alpha and together with karyopherin beta docks import ... Percipalle, P; Clarkson W D; Kent H M; Rhodes D; Stewart M (Mar 1997). "Molecular interactions between the importin alpha/beta ...
"Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... "Entrez Gene: KPNA2 karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1)". Lin CY, Huang PH, Liao WL, Cheng HJ, Huang CF, Kuo JC ... KPNA2 also may play a role in V(D)J recombination Karyopherin alpha 2 has been shown to interact with: ARL4A ITK, KPNB1, PLAG1 ... Braem CV, Kas K, Meyen E, Debiec-Rychter M, Van De Ven WJ, Voz ML (May 2002). "Identification of a karyopherin alpha 2 ...
Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha. ...
Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha. ...
similar to karyopherin (importin) alpha 4 LOC365232 similar to karyopherin (importin) alpha 4 (predicted) predicted is ... similar to karyopherin (importin) alpha 4 (predicted) Symbol and Name status set to provisional. 70820. PROVISIONAL. ...
Synonyms: IPOA3, Importin alpha Q1, Importin subunit alpha-3, Karyopherin subunit alpha-4, MGC12217, ... ... Assignment of KPNA4 and KPNB1 encoding karyopherin alpha 4 and beta 1 to human chromosome bands 11q22 and 17q21 respectively, ... Assignment of KPNA4 and KPNB1 encoding karyopherin alpha 4 and beta 1 to human chromosome bands 11q22 and 17q21 respectively, ... Cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel importin-alpha homologue, Qip1: discrimination of Qip1 and Rch1 from hSrp1 by their ability ...
Crystallographic analysis of the specific yet versatile recognition of distinct nuclear localization signals by karyopherin ... Description: KARYOPHERIN ALPHA protein , Length: 424 No structure alignment results are available for 1EE5.A explicitly.. It is ... YEAST KARYOPHERIN (IMPORTIN) ALPHA IN A COMPLEX WITH A NUCLEOPLASMIN NLS PEPTIDE. ...
Macrocyclic peptide inhibitors for the protein-protein interaction of Zaire Ebola virus protein 24 and karyopherin alpha 5 ... Macrocyclic peptide inhibitors for the protein-protein interaction of Zaire Ebola virus protein 24 and karyopherin alpha 5 X. ...
What is karyopherin alpha 5? Meaning of karyopherin alpha 5 medical term. What does karyopherin alpha 5 mean? ... Looking for online definition of karyopherin alpha 5 in the Medical Dictionary? karyopherin alpha 5 explanation free. ... redirected from karyopherin alpha 5) KPNA5. A gene on chromosome 6q22.1 that encodes an alpha subunit of karyopherin, which ... Karyopherin alpha 5 , definition of karyopherin alpha 5 by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ ...
Vega: OTTMUSG3580 (Kpna2, karyopherin (importin) alpha 2)*CCDS: 25565, 25565.1*OMIM: KARYOPHERIN ALPHA-2; KPNA2*Gene Ontology: ... karyopherin (importin) alpha 2. Synonyms: 2410044B12Rik, importin, Importin alpha, importin alpha 1, IPOA1, m-importin, m- ... importin-alpha-P1, pendulin, Rch1. Gene nomenclature, locus information, and GO, OMIM, and PMID associations are updated daily ...
... with endogenous human importins/karyopherins to determine the mechanism of NTM modulation of importin alpha-mediated nuclear ... Targeting Nuclear Import Shuttles, Importins/Karyopherins Alpha by a Peptide Mimicking the NFκB1/p50 Nuclear Localization ... with endogenous human importins/karyopherins to determine the mechanism of NTM modulation of importin alpha-mediated nuclear ...
Meiler, Robert Paul (2010) Die nukleäre Expression von Karyopherin alpha 2: ein prädiktiver Faktor für das Überleben von ... Die nukleäre Expression von Karyopherin alpha 2: ein prädiktiver Faktor für das Überleben von Patientinnen mit ... Karyopherin a2 (KPNA2) has been reported as a important factor of tumorgenesis and progression of breast cancer. The aim of ... Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) stellte sich als ein wichtiger Faktor bezüglich Tumorentstehung und Fortschreiten des Mammakarzinoms dar ...
... a member of the karyopherin family, plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Yet its role in colon cancer is poorly characterized ... Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the karyopherin family, plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Yet its role in colon ... Karyopherin alpha 2 is a novel prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer. *Yu Zhang1. , ... Hu ZY, Yuan SX, Yang Y, Zhou WP, Jiang H. Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 mediates the role of karyopherin alpha 2 and has ...
Karyopherin Subunit Alpha 6, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The ... a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in ... KPNA6 (Karyopherin Subunit Alpha 6) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with KPNA6 include Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. ... Acetylation of importin-alpha nuclear import factors by CBP/p300. (PMID: 10801418) Bannister AJ … Kouzarides T (Current biology ...
Once inside the CELL NUCLEUS beta karyopherins interact with RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN and dissociate from alpha karyopherins. ... Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS in the CYTOSOL and are involved in transport of molecules ... Beta karyopherins bound to RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN are then re-transported to the cytoplasm where hydrolysis of the GTP of RAN ... GTP-BINDING PROTEIN causes release of karyopherin beta. ... formation by tethering karyopherin alpha 2 and karyopherin beta ...
Importin-alpha is the nuclear import receptor that recognizes cargo proteins carrying conventional basic monopartite and ... alpha Karyopherins / chemistry* * alpha Karyopherins / metabolism Substances * Nuclear Localization Signals * Retinoblastoma ... Structural basis for the specificity of bipartite nuclear localization sequence binding by importin-alpha J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul ... Importin-alpha is the nuclear import receptor that recognizes cargo proteins carrying conventional basic monopartite and ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on karyopherin alpha 5 to ... T1 - Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on karyopherin alpha 5 to selectively compete with nuclear import of ... Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on karyopherin alpha 5 to selectively compete with nuclear import of ... Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on karyopherin alpha 5 to selectively compete with nuclear import of ...
Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine the content and ... Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is one of karyopherin a family, and could form heterodimer with Karyopherin 1 to promote nucleus ... Braem CV, Kas K, Meyen E, Debiec-Rychter M, Van De Ven WJ, Voz ML: Identification of a karyopherin alpha 2 recognition site in ... Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine the content and ...
At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to importin-beta and the three components separate and importin-alpha and -beta ... "Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... "Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ... "Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers: alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit binds nuclear localization signal ...
... by the importin-alpha:beta receptor. We now show that Npap60 (also called Nup50), a protein previously believed to be a ... structural component of the NPC, is a Ran binding protein and a cofactor for importin-alpha:be … ... alpha Karyopherins / genetics * alpha Karyopherins / metabolism* * beta Karyopherins / genetics * beta Karyopherins / ... The N terminus binds the C terminus of importin-alpha, while a central domain binds importin-beta. Npap60:importin-alpha:beta ...
At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to importin-beta and the three components separate and importin-alpha and -beta ... Karyopherin subunit alpha-4. ,p>This subsection of the ,a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_and_taxonomy_section">Names ... Importin subunit alpha-3Add BLAST. 520. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view ... Belongs to the importin alpha family.Curated. Keywords - Domaini. Repeat. Phylogenomic databases. evolutionary genealogy of ...
karyopherin (importin) alpha 4 MGI:1100848 .yui-skin-sam .yui-dt th{ background:url(http://www.informatics.jax.org/webshare/ ...
thermophila encodes a large, karyopherin alpha-like protein family. The diagram in panel A depicts the conserved domains of ... Localization studies of 13 putative importin (imp) alpha- and 11 imp beta-like proteins revealed that imp alpha-like proteins ... These data suggest that micronucleus-specific proteins are transported by specific imp alpha adapters. The different imp alpha ... Nucleus-specific importin alpha proteins and nucleoporins regulate protein import and nuclear division in the binucleate ...
BACKGROUND: Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the karyopherin family, plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Yet its role ... karyopherin alpha 2 [RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1]) and subsequently disturbed the nuclear translocation of TP53 in the GBM ... Karyopherin alpha 2 is a novel prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. ... Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is a nuclear transport protein upregulated in many cancers. Our previous study has identified KPNA2 ...
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) utilize karyopherins-alpha (KPNA) for their passage from cytoplasm ... of karyopherin-mediated nuclear transport in the onset and development of DGF. Additionally, it reveals that karyopherins could ... which includes genes encoding for several subtypes of karyopherins, a group of proteins involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport ... Karyopherin-alpha (also known as importin-alpha) is an adaptor protein that recognizes the first discovered or classical NLS, ...
- Importin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- A gene on chromosome 6q22.1 that encodes an alpha subunit of karyopherin, which plays a key role in nuclear protein import as an adapter protein for nuclear receptor KPNB1. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. (genecards.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin alpha family. (genecards.org)
- KPNA6 (Karyopherin Subunit Alpha 6) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
- Once inside the CELL NUCLEUS beta karyopherins interact with RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN and dissociate from alpha karyopherins. (curehunter.com)
- Beta karyopherins bound to RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN are then re-transported to the cytoplasm where hydrolysis of the GTP of RAN GTP-BINDING PROTEIN causes release of karyopherin beta. (curehunter.com)
- To determine the structural basis of the recognition of diverse bipartite NLSs by mammalian importin-alpha, we co-crystallized a non-autoinhibited mouse receptor protein with peptides corresponding to the NLSs from human retinoblastoma protein and Xenopus laevis phosphoprotein N1N2, containing diverse sequences and lengths of the linker. (nih.gov)
- Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is one of karyopherin a family, and could form heterodimer with Karyopherin 1 to promote nucleus protein import as an adapter protein [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- We now show that Npap60 (also called Nup50), a protein previously believed to be a structural component of the NPC, is a Ran binding protein and a cofactor for importin-alpha:beta-mediated import. (nih.gov)
- Nucleus-specific importin alpha proteins and nucleoporins regulate protein import and nuclear division in the binucleate Tetrahymena thermophila. (nih.gov)
- Disruption of the IMA10 gene encoding an imp alpha-like protein that accumulates in dividing micronuclei results in nuclear division defects and lethality. (nih.gov)
- Thus, nucleus-specific protein import and nuclear function in Tetrahymena are regulated by diverse, specialized karyopherins. (nih.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the importin alpha family, and is involved in nuclear protein import. (genetex.com)
- KPNA5 protein belongs to the importin alpha protein family and is thought to be involved in NLS-dependent protein import into the nucleus.The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which consists of 60-100 proteins and is probably 120 million daltons in molecular size. (acris-antibodies.com)
- KPNA5 protein belongs to the importin alpha protein family and is thought to be involved in NLS-dependent protein import into the nucleus. (acris-antibodies.com)
- Karyopherins shuttle their NLS-containing cargo through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), protein channels that permeate the nuclear membrane. (asm.org)
- The imp α proteins have a characteristic structure consisting of an amino (N)-terminal imp β-binding (IBB) domain of ∼100 amino acids (aa) that is followed by 8 to 10 alpha-helical armadillo (ARM) repeats that span most of the remainder of the protein. (asm.org)
- Dies wurde in vitro durch Bindung des Adapterproteins Karyopherin-alpha an CKII-phosphoryliertes Terminales Protein bestätigt. (hu-berlin.de)
- Moreover, its functionality was depended on CKII activity that was verified by in vitro binding experiments of terminal protein to the import adaptor karyopherin-alpha. (hu-berlin.de)
- Many nuclear proteins possess a nuclear localisation signal (NLS) that is recognised by the importer protein importin-alpha. (eu.org)
- Importin-alpha is an adaptor protein for importin-beta which interacts with nuclear pore components to effect transport into the nucleus. (eu.org)
- In addition to binding plant karyopherin α, VirE3 interacts with VirE2, a major bacterial protein that directly associates with the T‐DNA and facilitates its nuclear import. (deepdyve.com)
- KPNB1 (Karyopherin Subunit Beta 1) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
- Functions in nuclear protein import, either in association with an adapter protein, like an importin-alpha subunit, which binds to nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo substrates, or by acting as autonomous nuclear transport receptor. (genecards.org)
- A nucleocytoplasmic transport protein that binds to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS and RAN GTP BINDING PROTEIN inside the CELL NUCLEUS and participates in their export into CYTOPLASM. (curehunter.com)
- Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A. Nuclear protein import: Ran-GTP dissociates the karyopherin alphabeta heterodimer by displacing alpha from an overlapping binding site on beta. (proteopedia.org)
- KPNA4 Antibody: Karyopherin, a cytosolic and heterodimeric protein complex consisting of alpha and beta subunits, is responsible for targeting proteins with nuclear localization signals to the nuclear pore complex by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism. (mybiosource.com)
- The protein encoded by this gene shares the sequence similarity with Xenopus importin-alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srp1. (mybiosource.com)
- KPNA4: an alpha importin protein that functions in nuclear protein import as an adapter protein for nuclear receptor KPNB1. (mybiosource.com)
- KPNA2 also may play a role in V(D)J recombination Karyopherin alpha 2 has been shown to interact with: ARL4A ITK, KPNB1, PLAG1, RECQL, and SGK. (wikipedia.org)
- Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the karyopherin family, plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- KPNA2 is a member of the karyopherin α-family, also known as importin α-1 or RAG cohort 1, weighs about 58 kDa and consist of 529 amino acids [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
- Recent studies show that Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is up-regulated in quite a number of cancers and associated with poor prognosis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Summary During antiviral defense, interferon (IFN) signaling triggers nuclear transport of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (PY-STAT1), which occurs via a subset of karyopherin alpha (KPNA) nuclear transporters. (elsevier.com)
- Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) utilize karyopherins-alpha (KPNA) for their passage from cytoplasm into the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most proteins imported into the nucleus contain a classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) sequence that is recognized by members of the karyopherin-α (also known as KPNA or importin-α) family and mediates their nuclear import. (sciencemag.org)
- A, Immunoblotting with Flag antibody in HEK293T cells expressing either one of 7 members of Flag-tagged karyopherin alpha (KPNA) family (top left). (aacrjournals.org)
- Karyopherins act as carrier proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
- At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to importin-beta and the three components separate and importin-alpha and -beta are re-exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where GTP hydrolysis releases Ran from importin. (genecards.org)
- Importin-alpha is the nuclear import receptor that recognizes cargo proteins carrying conventional basic monopartite and bipartite nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) and facilitates their transport into the nucleus. (nih.gov)
- Although some molecules are able to diffuse through the large Nucleus Pore Complexes (NPCs) in the nucleus membrane, factors larger than 45 kDa including that associated with malignant diseases need to be mediated by karyopherin to import into the nucleus [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Interestingly, the most up-regulated pathway at both time points was NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus , which includes genes encoding for several subtypes of karyopherins, a group of proteins involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. (biomedcentral.com)
- Localization studies of 13 putative importin (imp) alpha- and 11 imp beta-like proteins revealed that imp alpha-like proteins are nucleus specific--nine localized to the germ line micronucleus--but that most imp beta-like proteins localized to both types of nuclei. (nih.gov)
- The similarities among these proteins suggest that karyopherin alpha-3 may be involved in the nuclear transport system.The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which consists of 60-100 proteins and is probably 120 million daltons in molecular size. (acris-antibodies.com)
- After their synthesis, TFs are transported into the nucleus a process regulated by karyopherins commonly known as importin alpha and β. (plantphysiol.org)
- We have shown that 20S core particles are translocated into the nucleus as inactive precursor complexes via the classical karyopherin alpha/beta import pathway (Lehmann et al. (hu-berlin.de)
- The importin-β family of transport receptors, also called karyopherins, or more specifically, importins or exportins, carries cargoes both into and out of the nucleus. (genetics.org)
- Here, we demonstrate that VirE3 is transferred from Agrobacterium to the plant cell and then imported into its nucleus via the karyopherin α‐dependent pathway. (deepdyve.com)
- Our data indicate that VirE3 can mimic this VIP1 function, acting as an 'adapter' molecule between VirE2 and karyopherin α and 'piggy‐backing' VirE2 into the host cell nucleus. (deepdyve.com)
- Karyopherins, including alpha and beta types, are transport proteins in the eukaryotic cell that carry cargoes across nuclear pore complexes into or out of the nucleus. (geneticsmr.com)
- The alpha subunit and imported substrate enter the nucleus and accumulate in the nucleoplasm, while the beta subunit accumulates at the NPC. (mybiosource.com)
- Molecules containing the classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) are transported into the nucleus by alpha/beta heterodimers. (mybiosource.com)
- Results : As a result, 23 new immediate-early gene candidates such as IRAK-1 (interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-1) and karyopherin alpha 1, which are involved in transportation within the nucleus, were discovered. (nii.ac.jp)
- Karyopherin alpha 1 has been shown to interact with KPNB1 and UBR5. (wikipedia.org)
- Because RAN is a small GTPase that regulates nuclear transport controlled by karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1), RAN was further analyzed together with KPNB1. (frontiersin.org)
- Proteins involved in the first step of nuclear import are members of the alpha importin family of karyopherins such as importin subunit alpha-2. (wikipedia.org)
- The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. (genecards.org)
- The available data allow us to draw general conclusions about the specificity of NLS binding by importin-alpha and facilitate an improved definition of the consensus sequence of a conventional basic/bipartite NLS (KRX10-12KRRK) that can be used to identify novel nuclear proteins. (nih.gov)
- Many nuclear-targeted proteins are transported through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by the importin-alpha:beta receptor. (nih.gov)
- These data suggest that micronucleus-specific proteins are transported by specific imp alpha adapters. (nih.gov)
- The different imp alpha proteins exhibit substantial sequence divergence and do not appear to be simply redundant in function. (nih.gov)
- The similarities among these proteins suggests that karyopherin alpha-3 may be involved in the nuclear transport system. (acris-antibodies.com)
- The import of proteins containing nuclear localization signals (NLSs) is facilitated by karyopherin proteins, also known as importins. (asm.org)
- Two classes of karyopherins, imp α and β proteins, collaborate to orchestrate specific nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (reviewed in reference 13 ). (asm.org)
- The karyopherin-cargo complex is directed through the NPC, primarily through interactions of imp β with NPC proteins ( 6 , 7 , 26 ). (asm.org)
- Nevertheless, it is clear that most proteins do specify their own import signal and, of these, the vast majority have an NLS that binds to importin-alpha (also termed karyopherin-alpha). (eu.org)
- Karyopherins, or importins, are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize NLSs and dock NLS-containing proteins to the nuclear pore complex. (mybiosource.com)
- Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded KYSE170 xenograft, using karyopherin alpha 3(GTX106324) antibody at 1:500 dilution. (genetex.com)
- Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. (genecards.org)
- The N terminus binds the C terminus of importin-alpha, while a central domain binds importin-beta. (nih.gov)
- Npap60:importin-alpha:beta binds cargo and can stimulate nuclear import. (nih.gov)
- The monopartite nuclear localisation signal (mNLS) binds to the major site of importin-alpha. (eu.org)
- Compared with wild-type, passive export rates of a classical karyopherin/importin (Kap) Kap60p/Kap95p-targeted NLS-GFP reporter (cNLS-GFP) were significantly faster in nup188- Δ and nup170- Δ cells. (rupress.org)
- Many cargoes destined for nuclear import carry nuclear localization signals that are recognized by karyopherins (Kaps). (rupress.org)
- Nucleocytoplasmic transport molecules that bind to ALPHA KARYOPHERINS in the CYTOSOL and are involved in transport of molecules through the NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX. (curehunter.com)
- Importin-alpha must be returned to the cytosol to repeat the process. (eu.org)
- Belongs to the importin alpha family. (abcam.com)
- Tumorigenesis and tumor progression are associated with dysfunction of the nuclear transport machinery at the level of import and export receptors (karyopherins) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- This gene product belongs to a family of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA), and function as ligand-activated cation channels. (antibodies-online.com)
- There are two subfamilies of karyopherins: importin alpha and importin beta ( Tamura and Hara-Nishimura, 2014 ). (plantphysiol.org)
- Phylogenic tree construction revealed that the alphas could be classified into three known karyopherin-alpha subfamilies. (geneticsmr.com)
- In yeast and humans, which contain at least 14 and 20 karyopherins, respectively, most are members of the imp β family. (asm.org)
- Importin-alpha constitutes a multiprotein family in Metazoa with generally similar but perhaps not identical binding specificities ( Mason,2009 ). (eu.org)
- In this study, full open reading frames of one beta and three alpha types of karyopherin were cloned from cDNA of the domestic silkworm ( Bombyx mori ). (geneticsmr.com)
- We detected mRNA of the four karyopherins in normal 3rd day of 5th instar larvae, and in larvae injected with Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi using real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and found that the four karyopherins were widely distributed, but their expression levels were related to tissues type, the microbe injected, and the time point. (geneticsmr.com)
- Importin-alpha is itself an adaptor for the nuclear transport receptor importin-beta. (eu.org)
- Akt1/PKB alpha plays an important role in cell proliferation and cell metabolism. (antibodies-online.com)
- To identify the import machineries that interact with these different pores, we characterized the large families of karyopherin homologs encoded within the genome. (nih.gov)
- The authors analyzed interaction of a hydrophobic peptide, derived from the bifunctional nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide, with endogenous human importins/karyopherins to determine the mechanism of NTM modulation of importin alpha-mediated nuclear transport. (moleculardevices.com)
- Für 20S Proteasomen konnten Lehmann und Mitarbeitende (2002, JMB, 317, 401) zeigen, dass Vorläuferkomplexe über den Karyopherin alpha/beta abhängigen Importweg in den Zellkern gelangen und dort zu 20S Proteasomen heranreifen. (hu-berlin.de)
- Interestingly, the arginine-rich NLS of Rex uses importin beta for import but does so by a mechanism that is importin alpha independent. (curehunter.com)
- These results identify Npap60 as a cofactor for importin-alpha:beta nuclear import and as a previously unidentified subunit of the importin complex. (nih.gov)
- Here, we provide evidence that nuclear import of base and lid complexes also depends on karyopherin alpha/beta. (hu-berlin.de)
- Nup53p and Nup59p (but not Nup170p) contain FG repeats that act as binding sites for the import karyopherin, Kap121p. (rupress.org)