Amanitins
Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.
Mushroom Poisoning
Alpha-Amanitin
RNA Polymerase II
alpha 1-Antitrypsin
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha
One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Integrin alpha3beta1
Cell surface receptor for LAMININ, epiligrin, FIBRONECTINS, entactin, and COLLAGEN. Integrin alpha3beta1 is the major integrin present in EPITHELIAL CELLS, where it plays a role in the assembly of BASEMENT MEMBRANE as well as in cell migration, and may regulate the functions of other integrins. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of the alpha subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA3), are differentially expressed in different cell types.
Integrin alpha4
Integrin alpha6
An integrin alpha subunit that primarily associates with INTEGRIN BETA1 or INTEGRIN BETA4 to form laminin-binding heterodimers. Integrin alpha6 has two alternatively spliced isoforms: integrin alpha6A and integrin alpha6B, which differ in their cytoplasmic domains and are regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner.
Integrin alpha5beta1
Integrin alpha4beta1
Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.
Interleukin-1alpha
Integrin alpha2beta1
An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1
Integrin alpha5
Integrin alpha1beta1
Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2
A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.
Integrin alpha6beta1
A cell surface receptor mediating cell adhesion to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and to other cells via binding to LAMININ. It is involved in cell migration, embryonic development, leukocyte activation and tumor cell invasiveness. Integrin alpha6beta1 is the major laminin receptor on PLATELETS; LEUKOCYTES; and many EPITHELIAL CELLS, and ligand binding may activate a number of signal transduction pathways. Alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha6 subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA6) results in the formation of A and B isoforms of the heterodimer, which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
Base Sequence
Integrin alpha6beta4
This intrgrin is a key component of HEMIDESMOSOMES and is required for their formation and maintenance in epithelial cells. Integrin alpha6beta4 is also found on thymocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells, where it functions as a laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) and is involved in wound healing, cell migration, and tumor invasiveness.
Integrin alpha Chains
The alpha subunits of integrin heterodimers (INTEGRINS), which mediate ligand specificity. There are approximately 18 different alpha chains, exhibiting great sequence diversity; several chains are also spliced into alternative isoforms. They possess a long extracellular portion (1200 amino acids) containing a MIDAS (metal ion-dependent adhesion site) motif, and seven 60-amino acid tandem repeats, the last 4 of which form EF HAND MOTIFS. The intracellular portion is short with the exception of INTEGRIN ALPHA4.
Integrins
A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.
Integrin alpha1
Alpha Rhythm
Integrin alpha3
An integrin alpha subunit that occurs as alternatively spliced isoforms. The isoforms are differentially expressed in specific cell types and at specific developmental stages. Integrin alpha3 combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form INTEGRIN ALPHA3BETA1 which is a heterodimer found primarily in epithelial cells.
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Protein Binding
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Receptors, Nicotinic
One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.
A tunable ratchet driving human RNA polymerase II translocation adjusted by accurately templated nucleoside triphosphates loaded at downstream sites and by elongation factors. (1/38)
When nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrates and alpha-amanitin are added to a human RNA polymerase II elongation complex simultaneously, the reaction becomes stalled in the core of the bond synthesis mechanism. The mode of stalling is influenced by NTP substrates at the active site and at downstream sites and by transcription factor IIF (TFIIF) and TFIIS. NTP substrates templated at i+2, i+3, and i+4 downstream DNA sites can reverse the previously stable binding of an NTP loaded at the i+1 substrate site. Deoxy-(d)NTPs and NDPs (nucleoside diphosphates) do not substitute for NTPs at the i+2 and i+3 positions (considered together) or the i+4, i+5, and i+6 positions (considered together). The mode of stalling is altered by changing the number of downstream template sites that are accurately occupied by NTPs and by changing NTP concentration. In the presence of the translocation blocker alpha-amanitin, a steady state condition is established in which RNA polymerase II stably loads an NTP substrate at i+1 and forms a phosphodiester bond but cannot rapidly complete bond synthesis by releasing pyrophosphate. These observations support a role for incoming NTP substrates in stimulating translocation; results appear inconsistent with the secondary pore being the sole route of NTP entry for human RNA polymerase II, and results indicate mechanisms of dynamic error avoidance and error correction during rapid RNA synthesis. (+info)Nucleolar translocalization of GRA10 of Toxoplasma gondii transfectionally expressed in HeLa cells. (2/38)
Toxoplasma gondii GRA10 expressed as a GFP-GRA10 fusion protein in HeLa cells moved to the nucleoli within the nucleus rapidly and entirely. GRA10 was concentrated specifically in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus morphologically by the overlap of GFP-GRA10 transfection image with IFA images by monoclonal antibodies against GRA10 (Tg378), B23 (nucleophosmin) and C23 (nucleolin). The nucleolar translocalization of GRA10 was caused by a putative nucleolar localizing sequence (NoLS) of GRA10. Interaction of GRA10 with TATA-binding protein associated factor 1B (TAF1B) in the yeast two-hybrid technique was confirmed by GST pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation assay. GRA10 and TAF1B were also co-localized in the nucleolus after co-transfection. The nucleolar condensation of GRA10 was affected by actinomycin D. Expressed GFP-GRA10 was evenly distributed over the nucleoplasm and the nucleolar locations remained as hollows in the nucleoplasm under a low dose of actinomycin D. Nucleolar localizing and interacting of GRA10 with TAF1B suggested the participation of GRA10 in rRNA synthesis of host cells to favor the parasitism of T. gondii. (+info)RNA is an integral component of chromatin that contributes to its structural organization. (3/38)
Chromatin structure is influenced by multiples factors, such as pH, temperature, nature and concentration of counterions, post-translational modifications of histones and binding of structural non-histone proteins. RNA is also known to contribute to the regulation of chromatin structure as chromatin-induced gene silencing was shown to depend on the RNAi machinery in S. pombe, plants and Drosophila. Moreover, both in Drosophila and mammals, dosage compensation requires the contribution of specific non-coding RNAs. However, whether RNA itself plays a direct structural role in chromatin is not known. Here, we report results that indicate a general structural role for RNA in eukaryotic chromatin. RNA is found associated to purified chromatin prepared from chicken liver, or cultured Drosophila S2 cells, and treatment with RNase A alters the structural properties of chromatin. Our results indicate that chromatin-associated RNAs, which account for 2%-5% of total chromatin-associated nucleic acids, are polyA(-) and show a size similar to that of the DNA contained in the corresponding chromatin fragments. Chromatin-associated RNA(s) are not likely to correspond to nascent transcripts as they are also found bound to chromatin when cells are treated with alpha-amanitin. After treatment with RNase A, chromatin fragments of molecular weight >3.000 bp of DNA showed reduced sedimentation through sucrose gradients and increased sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease digestion. This structural transition, which is observed both at euchromatic and heterochromatic regions, proceeds without loss of histone H1 or any significant change in core-histone composition and integrity. (+info)Extragenic accumulation of RNA polymerase II enhances transcription by RNA polymerase III. (4/38)
Recent genomic data indicate that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function extends beyond conventional transcription of primarily protein-coding genes. Among the five snRNAs required for pre-mRNA splicing, only the U6 snRNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). Here we address the question of how Pol II coordinates the expression of spliceosome components, including U6. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and high-resolution mapping by PCR to localize both Pol II and Pol III to snRNA gene regions. We report the surprising finding that Pol II is highly concentrated approximately 300 bp upstream of all five active human U6 genes in vivo. The U6 snRNA, an essential component of the spliceosome, is synthesized by Pol III, whereas all other spliceosomal snRNAs are Pol II transcripts. Accordingly, U6 transcripts were terminated in a Pol III-specific manner, and Pol III localized to the transcribed gene regions. However, synthesis of both U6 and U2 snRNAs was alpha-amanitin-sensitive, indicating a requirement for Pol II activity in the expression of both snRNAs. Moreover, both Pol II and histone tail acetylation marks were lost from U6 promoters upon alpha-amanitin treatment. The results indicate that Pol II is concentrated at specific genomic regions from which it can regulate Pol III activity by a general mechanism. Consequently, Pol II coordinates expression of all RNA and protein components of the spliceosome. (+info)The RNA polymerase II trigger loop functions in substrate selection and is directly targeted by alpha-amanitin. (5/38)
(+info)Resistance of mitochondrial p53 to dominant inhibition. (6/38)
(+info)Expression of microRNA processing machinery genes in rhesus monkey oocytes and embryos of different developmental potentials. (7/38)
(+info)Identification of a novel pathway that selectively modulates apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (8/38)
(+info)
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ChemIDplus - 55325-99-0 - GBHLBBPUSBXKSA-AGOVMNPFSA-N - alpha-Amanitin, 4-(2-mercapto-6-methoxy-L-tryptophan)-, S-oxide -...
Decoupling tRNA promoter and processing activities enables specific Pol-II Cas9 guide RNA expression. - MRC Weatherall...
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Maeotias marginata
Pretrazivanje organizacija
Α-Amanitin
... (alpha-Amanitin) is a cyclic peptide of eight amino acids. It is possibly the most deadly of all the amatoxins, ... Early methods to detect alpha-amanitin included thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In most solvent systems used in TLC, alpha- ... Brüggemann O, Meder M, Freitag R (September 1996). "Analysis of amatoxins alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitin in toadstool ... Alpha-amanitin is highly active in drug-resistant cells, independent of the status of expression of multi-drug resistant ...
RNA polymerase
Alpha-amanitin Primase Werner F, Grohmann D (February 2011). "Evolution of multisubunit RNA polymerases in the three domains of ... RNA polymerase "core" from E. coli consists of five subunits: two alpha (α) subunits of 36 kDa, a beta (β) subunit of 150 kDa, ...
Amatoxin
Alpha-amanitin (α-Amanitin) primarily affects the bridge helix of the RNA pol II complex, a highly conserved domain 35 amino ... This test sensitively detects alpha-amanitin and gamma-amanitin (clearly detects 10 ng/mL), and exhibits slightly less ... Alpha-amanitin binds to the bridge helix of the RNA Pol II complex and it also binds to part of the complex that is adjacent to ... One study done on mice shows that alpha-Amanitin is not absorbed through skin and therefore can not have any toxic effects. ...
Mushroom poisoning
Alpha-Amanitin: For 6-12 hours, there are no symptoms. This is followed by a period of gastrointestinal upset (vomiting and ... Patients hospitalized and given aggressive support therapy almost immediately after ingestion of amanitin-containing mushrooms ... α-Amanitin, the poison produced by the death cap (Amanita phalloides) and others of the genus, is not denatured by heat. " ...
Hepatotoxicity
Examples include alpha-Amanitin containing mushrooms, kava, and aflatoxin producing molds. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which occur ...
Protein synthesis inhibitor
alpha-Amanitin is a powerful inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA transcription machinery. Linezolid acts at the initiation stage, ... Terao K, Uchiumi T, Endo Y, Ogata K (June 1988). "Ricin and alpha-sarcin alter the conformation of 60S ribosomal subunits at ...
Galerina
Many (though not all) Galerina contain alpha-amanitin and other amatoxins. Galerina marginata (also known as "autumn skullcap ... Klán J. (1993). "Prehled hub obsahujících amanitiny a faloidiny [A review of mushrooms containing amanitins and phalloidines ...
Amanita citrina
It has been shown that this mushroom contains the alpha-amanitin toxin.[citation needed] However, the amounts of this toxin ...
Amaninamide
It differs from alpha-amanitin in lacking the hydroxyl group on tryptophan. This alters its UV absorption spectrum but not its ...
Armillaria
Galerina have a dark brown spore print and are deadly poisonous (alpha-amanitin) - see: mushroom poisoning. Honey fungus is a " ...
Lepiota brunneolilacea
It is known to contain deadly amounts of alpha-Amanitin, and was responsible for a fatal poisoning. List of deadly fungi List ...
RNA polymerase II
Alpha-Amanitin inhibits RNAP II by strong interactions in the enzyme's "funnel", "cleft", and the key "bridge α-helix" regions ... RNA polymerase II is inhibited by α-Amanitin and other amatoxins. α-Amanitin is a highly poisonous substance found in many ... "The RNA polymerase II trigger loop functions in substrate selection and is directly targeted by alpha-amanitin". Molecular Cell ... Gong, Xue Q.; Nedialkov, Yuri A.; Burton, Zachary F. (2004-06-25). "α-Amanitin Blocks Translocation by Human RNA Polymerase II ...
Oligopeptide
Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanita phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals. Antipain - An ... Examples of oligopeptides include: Amanitins - Cyclic peptides taken from carpophores of several different mushroom species. ...
Enzyme inhibitor
An example of a toxic peptide is alpha-amanitin, which is found in relatives of the death cap mushroom. This is a potent enzyme ... alpha K_{m}+\alpha ^{\prime }[S]}}={\frac {(1/\alpha ^{\prime })V_{max}[S]}{(\alpha /\alpha ^{\prime })K_{m}+[S]}}} where the ... alpha =1+{\frac {[I]}{K_{i}}}} α ′ = 1 + [ I ] K i ′ . {\displaystyle \alpha ^{\prime }=1+{\frac {[I]}{K_{i}^{\prime }}}.} Thus ... "Mechanism of the irreversible inactivation of mouse ornithine decarboxylase by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Characterization ...
Chemical test in mushroom identification
ISBN 978-0-88902-977-4. Beuhler, M; Lee, DC; Gerkin, R (2004). "The Meixner test in the detection of alpha-amanitin and false- ...
Piet Borst
Kooter JM, Borst P. Alpha-amanitin-insensitive transcription of variant surface glycoprotein genes provides further evidence ...
Heinrich Otto Wieland
In 1941, Wieland isolated the toxin alpha-amanitin, the principal active agent of one of the world's most poisonous mushrooms ...
Amanita verna
Just like the death cap, this organism contains a fatal dose of alpha-amanitin, which causes liver failure if not treated ... Fungi portal Amanitin List of Amanita species List of deadly fungi Mushroom poisoning "GSD Species Synonymy: Amanita verna ( ...
Drosophila quinaria species group
... such as ibotenic acid and alpha-amanitin. Mushroom sites also host a number of natural enemies. For instance, as a consequence ... Bowman DD (November 2011). "Introduction to the alpha-proteobacteria: Wolbachia and Bartonella, Rickettsia, Brucella, Ehrlichia ...
Aucubin
... was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg ...
Procyclin
... genes located in an unusually small alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient ...
Peptide bond
Some peptides, like alpha-amanitin, are called ribosomal peptides as they are made by ribosomes, but many are nonribosomal ... In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from ... C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain. It ...
Pholiotina rugosa
They produce alpha-amanitin, a cyclic peptide that is highly toxic to the liver and is responsible for many deaths by poisoning ...
Amanita exitialis
Amatoxins content (alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitins especially alpha-amanitin) in the cap, stem or volva of A. exitialis was ... The content and distribution of the main amatoxins (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin) and phallotoxins (phallacidin, phallisin, ... Zhang P, Chen Z, Hu J, Wei B, Zhang Z, Hu W (2005). "Production and characterization of Amanitin toxins from a pure culture of ...
Lepiota brunneoincarnata
It is known to contain deadly amounts of alpha-amanitin and was responsible for a fatal poisoning in Spain in 2002, and a ... A family in Salon-de-Provence in France was poisoned after mistaking them for the grey knight (Tricholoma terreum). Amanitin ... Intravenous silibinin has a role in reducing amanitin uptake. Other specific measures include penicillin G and n-acetylcysteine ...
List of biomolecules
Aequorin Aflatoxin Agar Alamethicin Alanine Albumins Aldosterone Aleurone Alpha-amanitin Alpha-MSH (Melaninocyte stimulating ... see Alpha-amanitin Amino acid Amylase (also see α-amylase) Anabolic steroid Anandamide (ANA) Androgen Anethole Angiotensinogen ...
Galerina sulciceps
More toxic than the deathcap (Amanita phalloides), G. sulciceps has been shown to contain the toxins alpha- (α-), beta- (β-) ... Although these clinical symptoms are inconsistent with those of amatoxin poisoning, the presence of α-, β- and γ- amanitins in ... and gamma- (γ-) amanitin; a series of poisonings in Indonesia in the 1930s resulted in 14 deaths from the consumption of this ... The survey of fungi containing amanitins and phalloidins]. Časopis Lékařů Českých (in Czech). 132: 449-51. Besl H. (1981). " ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.644)
... gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, g12-g13 MeSH D12.644.360.375.100.200 - gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gi-go MeSH ... amanitins MeSH D12.644.456.073 - angiotensins MeSH D12.644.456.073.021 - angiotensin i MeSH D12.644.456.073.041 - angiotensin ... gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gq-g11 MeSH D12.644.360.375.100.400 - gtp-binding protein alpha subunits, gs MeSH D12.644. ... MeSH D12.644.050.200 - defensins MeSH D12.644.050.200.050 - alpha defensins MeSH D12.644.050.200.075 - beta defensins MeSH ...
Cyclic peptide
... between the alpha carboxyl of one residue to the alpha amine of another). The smallest such species are 2,5-diketopiperazines, ... Examples include: Amanitins Bacitracin Colistin Ciclosporin Dactinomycin Daptomycin Gramicidin S Hymenistatin Microcystins ... Cyclic isopeptides contain at least one non-alpha amide linkage, such as a linkage between the side chain of one residue to the ... for example in amanitin. Many cyclic peptides have been discovered in nature and many others have been synthesized in the ...
List of MeSH codes (D04)
MeSH D04.345.051.500 - crown ethers MeSH D04.345.103.222 - alpha-cyclodextrins MeSH D04.345.103.333 - beta-cyclodextrins MeSH ... amanitins MeSH D04.345.566.075 - bacitracin MeSH D04.345.566.142 - capreomycin sulfate MeSH D04.345.566.235 - cyclosporins MeSH ... 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone MeSH D04.808.745.745.654.829.395 - hydroxyprogesterones MeSH D04.808.745.745.654.829.395.400 - 17- ... 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone MeSH D04.808.745.558.050 - alfaxalone alfadolone mixture MeSH D04.808.745.558.783 - ...
List of MeSH codes (D23)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid MeSH D23.469.050.175.725.740 - prostaglandins a MeSH D23.469 ... amanitins MeSH D23.946.587.272 - citrinin MeSH D23.946.587.370 - cytochalasins MeSH D23.946.587.370.370 - cytochalasin b MeSH ... 15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid MeSH D23.469.700.645 - prostaglandins a, synthetic MeSH ... transforming growth factor alpha MeSH D23.348.479.992.720 - transforming growth factor beta MeSH D23.348.479.996 - wnt proteins ...
Molecular basis of translocation, alpha-amanitin inhibition, and CPD damage recognition by RNA polymerase II
alpha-amanitin, amanitin, nuclear protein, RNA polymerase II, elongation complex, mRNA, enzyme inhibition, dna damage, dna ... alpha-amanitin, amanitin, nuclear protein, RNA polymerase II, elongation complex, mRNA, enzyme inhibition, dna damage, dna ... Crystal soaking with the inhibitor alpha-amanitin locked the EC in a new state that we identified as a translocation ... Crystal soaking with the inhibitor alpha-amanitin locked the EC in a new state that we identified as a translocation ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Nucleolar RNA synthesis & segregation pattern in alpha-amanitin treated rat kangaroo cells.
Erowid.org: References Database
The AMEDEO Literature Guide
SMART: S1 domain annotation
Alpha-amanitin inhibited complete RNA polymerase II elongation complex. 2waq. The complete structure of the archaeal 13-subunit ... crystal structure of the eIF2 alpha subunit from saccharomyces cerevisia. 1q8k. Solution structure of alpha subunit of human ... Crystal structure of intact alpha subunit of aIF2 from Pyrococcus abyssi. 1zo1. IF2, IF1, and tRNA fitted to cryo-EM data OF E ... Structure of the archaeal initiation factor eIF2 alpha-gamma heterodimer from Sulfolobus solfataricus complexed with GDPNP. ...
Deadly mushroom chemistry | Feature | Chemistry World
Updated 19 March with clarified alpha-amanitin structure image; updated 4 April with clarified image captions ... In particular, a-amanitin has a high specificity for RNA polymerase II in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme it prevents the ... The Meixner test uses concentrated hydrochloric acid and newspaper to determine the presence of the deadly toxin a-amanitin.7 ...
Cybase
Amanita bisporigera alpha-amanitin (AMA1) mRNA, complete cds. Structure. Alpha-amanitin inhibited complete RNA polymerase II ... Crystal Structure of Yeast RNA Polymerase II Complexed with the Inhibitor Alpha Amanitin. ... alpha-amanitin(518) Protein Card. General Information. Name. alpha-amanitin Alternative name(s). gamma-amanitin ...
NEW (2008) DeCS DESCRIPTORS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 21/02/2008
HN - 2008 MH - Alpha-Amanitin UI - D053959 MN - D04.345.566.050.111 MN - D12.644.456.050.111 MN - D12.644.641.050.111 MN - ... beta-Hexosaminidase alpha Chain UI - D054820 MN - D08.811.277.450.483.180.750.500 MS - The alpha subunit of hexosaminidase A. ... HN - 2008; use AMANITINS 1980-2007 FX - Mushroom Poisoning MH - Withanolides UI - D054358 MN - D04.808.247.222.537.888 MN - ... It is comprised of two catalytic subunits, referred to as alpha and beta, that form a dimer. In addition two regulatory ...
Silymarin | ≥99%(HPLC) | Selleck | Antioxidant chemical
Search Strains - Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) - College of Biological Sciences
Sensitive to alpha-amanitin. Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy, Vul, dead embryos, and Dpy. Dpy progeny arrest ... Sensitive to alpha-amanitin. [NOTE: formerly described as ama-1(m118m370m414), it has been determined that m414 was reversion ... Sensitive to alpha-amanitin. Reference: Bowman EA, Riddle DR, Kelly WG. G3 November 2011 1:411-416. ...
DeCS
Value Set Details
Value Set Concept Details
GARIBOLDI, SILVIA
Mycology | Concise Medical Knowledge
Catriona Shared 'Created' - 41 Picmonics
Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Dergi | DÜZCE TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ 2015; 17(1)
... alpha-amanitin. The knowledge of the poisonous mushroom species including alpha- amanitin is important for the treatment and ... Deadly Poisonous Turkish Mushrooms Containing Alpha Amanitin. Ilgaz Akata, Ertuğrul Kaya, İsmail Yılmaz, Sinan Bakırcı, Recep ... According to literature, nine poisonous mushroom species which include alpha-amanitin have so far been reported from Turkey. ... In this review, the mushrooms containig alpha-amanitin and causing deadly mushroom poisinings were listed and given information ...
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Cybase
Untersuchungen zur Struktur und Funktion der Balbianiringe von Chironomus tentans
NR 4.0 01515.1
Zarmik Moqtaderi, Ph.D., D.E.A. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BRASIL
Characterization of the RAS/RAF/ERK Signal Cascade as a Novel Regulating Factor in Alpha-Amanitin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Huh-7 ... The well-known hepatotoxicity mechanism resulting from alpha-amanitin (α-AMA) exposure arises from RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) ... We thus performed in vitro primary GC cultures with palmitate, palmitoleate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and alpha-linolenate ...
CDC Science Clips
N10-alpha-amanitin and a modified amanitin methionine sulfoxide synthetic peptide. Using the (15)N10-alpha-amanitin internal ... Detection of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amanitin in urine by LC-MS/MS using (15)N10-alpha-amanitin as the internal standard ... The LFIA detects as little as 10 ng/mL of alpha-amanitin (alpha-AMA) or gamma-AMA, and 100 ng/mL of beta-AMA in urine matrices ... The presented urinary diagnostic test is the first method to use an isotopically labeled alpha-amanitin with the ability to ...
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DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases | Profiles RNS
NEW (2008) DeCS DESCRIPTORS WITH SCOPE NOTES (UNIT RECORD FORMAT; 21/02/2008
HN - 2008 MH - Alpha-Amanitin UI - D053959 MN - D04.345.566.050.111 MN - D12.644.456.050.111 MN - D12.644.641.050.111 MN - ... beta-Hexosaminidase alpha Chain UI - D054820 MN - D08.811.277.450.483.180.750.500 MS - The alpha subunit of hexosaminidase A. ... HN - 2008; use AMANITINS 1980-2007 FX - Mushroom Poisoning MH - Withanolides UI - D054358 MN - D04.808.247.222.537.888 MN - ... It is comprised of two catalytic subunits, referred to as alpha and beta, that form a dimer. In addition two regulatory ...
Polymerase4
- In particular, a-amanitin has a high specificity for RNA polymerase II in the liver. (chemistryworld.com)
- [1] The mechanisms of action of silymarin involve different biochemical events, such as the stimulation of the synthetic rate of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species through stimulation of polymerase I and rRNA transcription, protecting the cell membrane from radical-induced damage and blockage of the uptake of toxins such as alpha-amanitin. (selleckchem.com)
- 1983. Regiospecific arylazo substitution into alpha-amanitin with retention of inhibitory properties against eukaryotic class II RNA polymerase. . (cornell.edu)
- By blocking translocation of RNA Polymerase II using these inhibitors we have shown that there is a significant increase in the amount of unmodified H4 and H3 and in the case of inhibition by alpha amanitin also the loss of p300 from the RNAPII complex. (und.edu)
Inhibition1
- This thesis describes studies on the molecular mechanisms of Pol II translocation, alpha-amanitin inhibition and DNA lesion recognition by Pol II. (uni-muenchen.de)
Toxins2
- Its primary toxins are a-amanitin and b-amantin which destroy the liver and kidneys. (appcomrade.com)
- It packs a punch with a-amanitin toxins and phallotoxins. (appcomrade.com)
Translocation3
- Crystal soaking with the inhibitor alpha-amanitin locked the EC in a new state that we identified as a translocation intermediate at 3.4 Å resolution. (uni-muenchen.de)
- Our results support a Brownian ratchet mechanism of elongation that involves swinging of the trigger loop between open, wedged, and closed positions, and suggest that alpha-amanitin impairs nucleotide incorporation and translocation by trapping the trigger loop and bridge helix in a translocation intermediate. (uni-muenchen.de)
- These results suggest that the extent of hyperacetylation of H4 and H3 during transcription alternates between hyperacetylation directed by an RNAPII associated HAT and deacetylation directed by an HDAC at other sites ( Ref ).We also studied dynamic histone hyperacetylation by using inhibitors of transcription such as alpha amanitin and DRB to block the translocation of RNAPII in the coding region. (und.edu)
Liver1
- Ingesting Silybum marianum (Blessed milk thistle) has been shown to lessen the effects of the toxin alpha-amanitin on the liver and help regrow damaged cells. (appcomrade.com)
Therapeutic1
- Anti-CD37 alpha-amanitin-conjugated antibodies as potential therapeutic weapons for Richter syndrome. (amedeo.com)
Subunit3
- Several putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit clones were isolated by screening a lambda library of Caenorhabditis elegans genomic DNA with a probe derived from the Drosophila melanogaster ard gene (a non-alpha nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit clone). (wormbase.org)
- Recently, similar findings have been obtained for the product of acr-3 , another non-alpha nAChR subunit encoding gene located 281bp downstream from acr-2 on the X chromosome and in the same orientation. (wormbase.org)
- The cDNA encodes a putative non-a subunit of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor which shows many of the conserved features of vertebrate and invertebrate non-alpha nAChR subunits, for instance the four putative transmembrane domains and the cysteine delimited extracellular loop. (wormbase.org)
Basis1
- In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (jefferson.edu)
Class1
- 1982. Interaction of several class II and III RNA polymerases with two families of 7'-substituted alpha-amanitin. . (cornell.edu)
Cells2
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Nucleolar RNA synthesis & segregation pattern in alpha-amanitin treated rat kangaroo cells. (who.int)
- Blessed milk thistle is believed to help protect cells from the destruction of a-amanitin. (appcomrade.com)
Death1
- The European destroying angel is similar to the death cap because its main toxin is also a-amanitin. (appcomrade.com)
Studies2
- Studies on the regulation of expression of these linked non-alpha subunits are underway. (wormbase.org)
- The functional expression studies of nematode nicotinic acetylcholine receptors reported here support the interpretation that the differentiation between alpha and non-alpha subunits dates back to the earliest stages of metazoan evolution. (wormbase.org)
Cyclic octapeptide2
- [ 1 ] A. phalloides contains the alpha variety of amanitin, a cyclic octapeptide thought to be the primary agent of toxicity in humans. (medscape.com)
- HN - 2008 (1997) MH - Alpha-Amanitin UI - D053959 MN - D4.345.566.50.111 MN - D12.644.456.50.111 MN - D12.644.641.50.111 MN - D23.946.587.175.111 MS - A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. (nih.gov)
Toxicity1
- What is the restoring role of chrysin in alpha amanitin toxicity? (ibu.edu.tr)
Toxin2
- With a surprising amount of diversity, fruit fly species have adapted many niche preferences, such as a tolerance for alpha-amanitin, or alpha-amanitin, a toxin found in the Amanita genus of poisonous mushrooms. (brightsurf.com)
- Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals. (bvsalud.org)
Phalloides2
- Amaç: Düzce ili sınırlarında 2010 yılında toplanan Amanita phalloides mantarındaki alfa amanitin toksin düzeyinin HPLC yöntemiyle ölçümü amaçlanmıştır. (ibu.edu.tr)
- Background/aim: Alpha- and beta-amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. (ibu.edu.tr)
Mushroom3
- But while the phallotoxins are present in a higher concentration, in every part of the mushroom (2), it is the amatoxins that get the blame, particularly α-amanitin. (naturespoisons.com)
- use AMANITINS 1980-2007 FX - Mushroom Poisoning MH - Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis UI - D054458 MN - E5.393.290.382 MN - E5.393.620.500.324 MS - The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restriction fragments. (nih.gov)
- It is very sensitive to mushroom poison a -amanitin. (50webs.org)
Gamma2
- We aimed to obtain gamma amanitin with high purity through a purification process and compare toxic effects of alpha, beta, and gamma amanitin. (ibu.edu.tr)
- 7. Growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/retinoid X receptor alpha pathway. (nih.gov)
Inhibitor2
- Additional inhibitors of phalloidin uptake mediated by SLC21A6 included the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin, whereas alpha-amanitin was only a weak inhibitor. (nih.gov)
- The active ingredient Finasteride is a type II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor and has a trichogenic activity (hair growth-promoting). (mymeds10.us)
Monoclonal antibody1
- 9. Therapeutic potential of amanitin-conjugated anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody against pancreatic carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Sensitive2
- Sensitive to alpha-amanitin. (umn.edu)
- There is an activity that is sensitive both to rifamycin and to alpha-amanitin. (omicsdi.org)
Enzyme1
- It hinders the action of 5-alpha reductase enzyme, responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). (mymeds10.us)
Beta2
- the most significant of these are the alpha and beta subtypes of amanitin. (medscape.com)
- Amaç: Beta amanitin nadiren bilimsel araştırmalarda kullanılmakta ve kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. (ibu.edu.tr)
Effects1
- Inhibition of hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases by the exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in comparison with the effects of -amanitin and cordycepin. (omicsdi.org)
Proteins1
- Furthermore, latest studies have alpha-Boswellic acid showed that many chromatin binding proteins also bind different types of RNA such mRNA products to regulate the turnover of these mRNAs (examined in11). (nationalbonehealthalliance.org)
Clinical1
- The first human clinical studies using alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the United States were conducted by Fredrick C. Bartter, Burton M. Berkson, and associates from the National Institutes of Health in the 1970's. (zubiaga.org)
Study1
- Thomas Werner, an assistant professor of biological sciences at Michigan Tech, is the corresponding author of the new PLOS ONE paper, and the study builds on his previous work showing how alpha-amanitin resistance may be related to pesticide resistance in Asian fruit fly strains. (brightsurf.com)
Gene1
- These research supply the initial immediate comparative function of PARylation and PARP1 in RNA balance and decay, adding a fresh alpha-Boswellic acid dimension concerning how PARP1 regulates gene appearance. (nationalbonehealthalliance.org)
Process1
- It acts as an antagonist to TNF alpha, thus effectively blocks the inflammatory process in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory arthritis. (buhlmannlabs.ch)