alpha-2-Antiplasmin
A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin.
Fibrinolysin
A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.
Plasminogen
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Antifibrinolytic Agents
Fibrin
Factor XIIIa
alpha-Macroglobulins
Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. They include alpha 1-macroglobulins and alpha 2-macroglobulins. These proteins exhibit trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, thrombin-, and plasmin-binding activity and function as hormonal transporters.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.
Blood Coagulation
Plasminogen Activators
Carboxypeptidase U
A metallocarboxypeptidase that removes C-terminal lysine and arginine from biologically active peptides and proteins thereby regulating their activity. It is a zinc enzyme with no preference shown for lysine over arginine. Pro-carboxypeptidase U in human plasma is activated by thrombin or plasmin during clotting to form the unstable carboxypeptidase U.
Fibrinogen
Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.
Hemostasis
Streptokinase
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins
Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
Aminocaproic Acid
Plasminogen Inactivators
alpha 1-Antitrypsin
Aprotinin
A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Antithrombin III
Factor XIII
Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional
Corneal Perforation
Kringles
Triple-looped protein domains linked by disulfide bonds. These common structural domains, so-named for their resemblance to Danish pastries known as kringlers, play a role in binding membranes, proteins, and phospholipids as well as in regulating proteolysis. Kringles are also present in coagulation-related and fibrinolytic proteins and other plasma proteinases.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
Factor XII
Stable blood coagulation factor activated by contact with the subendothelial surface of an injured vessel. Along with prekallikrein, it serves as the contact factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Kallikrein activates factor XII to XIIa. Deficiency of factor XII, also called the Hageman trait, leads to increased incidence of thromboembolic disease. Mutations in the gene for factor XII that appear to increase factor XII amidolytic activity are associated with HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPE III.
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha
One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.
Blood Coagulation Factors
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
Amino Acid Sequence
Coagulation Protein Disorders
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Partial Thromboplastin Time
The time required for the appearance of FIBRIN strands following the mixing of PLASMA with phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides). It is a test of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and the common pathway (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) of BLOOD COAGULATION. It is used as a screening test and to monitor HEPARIN therapy.
Factor VIII
Blood-coagulation factor VIII. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
Factor IX
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)
Relationship of plasmin generation to cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly men and women. (1/266)
Plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin complex (PAP) marks plasmin generation and fibrinolytic balance. We recently observed that elevated levels of PAP predict acute myocardial infarction in the elderly, yet little is known about the correlates of PAP. We measured PAP in 800 elderly subjects who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease in 2 cohort studies: the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Honolulu Heart Program. Median PAP levels did not differ between the Cardiovascular Health Study (6.05+/-1.46 nmol/L) and the Honolulu Heart Program (6.11+/-1.44 nmol/L), and correlates of PAP were similar in both cohorts. In CHS, PAP levels increased with age (r=0. 30), procoagulant factors (eg, factor VIIc, r=0.15), thrombin activity (prothrombin fragment F1+2, r=0.29), and inflammation-sensitive proteins (eg, fibrinogen, r=0.44; factor VIIIc, r=0.37). PAP was associated with increased atherosclerosis as measured by the ankle-arm index (AAI) (P for trend, +info)Alpha2-antiplasmin gene deficiency in mice is associated with enhanced fibrinolytic potential without overt bleeding. (2/266)
alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) is the main physiologic plasmin inhibitor in mammalian plasma. Inactivation of the murine alpha2-AP gene was achieved by replacing, through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, a 7-kb genomic sequence encoding the entire murine protein (exon 2 through part of exon 10, including the stop codon) with the neomycin resistance expression cassette. Germline transmission of the mutated allele was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Mendelian inheritance of the inactivated alpha2-AP allele was observed, and homozygous deficient (alpha2-AP-/-) mice displayed normal fertility, viability, and development. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the absence of alpha2-AP mRNA in kidney and liver from alpha2-AP-/- mice, in contrast to wild-type (alpha2-AP+/+) mice. Immunologic and functional alpha2-AP levels were undetectable in plasma of alpha2-AP-/- mice, and were about half of wild-type in heterozygous littermates (alpha2-AP+/-). Other hemostasis parameters, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood cell counts were comparable for alpha2-AP+/+, alpha2-AP+/-, and alpha2-AP-/- mice. After amputation of tail or toe tips, bleeding stopped spontaneously in alpha2-AP+/+, as well as in alpha2-AP+/- and alpha2-AP-/- mice. Spontaneous lysis after 4 hours of intravenously injected 125I-fibrin-labeled plasma clots was significantly higher in alpha2-AP-/- than in alpha2-AP+/+ mice when injecting clots prepared from alpha2-AP+/+ plasma (78% +/- 5% v 46% +/- 9%; mean +/- SEM, n = 6 to 7; P =.02) or from alpha2-AP-/- plasma (81% +/- 5% v 46% +/- 5%; mean +/- SEM, n = 5; P =.008). Four to 8 hours after endotoxin injection, fibrin deposition in the kidneys was significantly reduced in alpha2-AP-/- mice, as compared with alpha2-AP+/+ mice (P +info)Angiostatin inhibits endothelial and melanoma cellular invasion by blocking matrix-enhanced plasminogen activation. (3/266)
Angiostatin, a kringle-containing fragment of plasminogen, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. The mechanism(s) responsible for the anti-angiogenic properties of angiostatin are unknown. We now report that human angiostatin blocks plasmin(ogen)-enhanced in vitro invasion of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-producing endothelial and melanoma cells. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that angiostatin functions as a non-competitive inhibitor of extracellular-matrix (ECM)-enhanced, t-PA-catalysed plasminogen activation, with a Ki of 0.9+/-0.03 microM. This mechanism suggests that t-PA has a binding site for the inhibitor angiostatin, as well as for its substrate plasminogen that, when occupied, prevents ternary complex formation between t-PA, plasminogen and matrix protein. Direct binding experiments confirmed that angiostatin bound to t-PA with an apparent Kd [Kd(app)] of 6.7+/-0.7 nM, but did not bind with high affinity to ECM proteins. Together, these data suggest that angiostatin in the cellular micro-environment can inhibit matrix-enhanced plasminogen activation, resulting in reduced invasive activity, and suggest a biochemical mechanism whereby angiostatin-mediated regulation of plasmin formation could influence cellular migration and invasion. (+info)Role of plasminogen system components in focal cerebral ischemic infarction: a gene targeting and gene transfer study in mice. (4/266)
BACKGROUND: The role of plasminogen system components in focal cerebral ischemic infarction (FCI) was studied in mice deficient in plasminogen (Plg-/-), in tissue or urokinase plasminogen activator (tPA-/- or uPA-/-), or in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 or alpha2-antiplasmin (PAI-1(-/-) or alpha2-AP-/-). METHODS AND RESULTS: FCI was produced by ligation of the left middle cerebral artery and measured after 24 hours by planimetry of stained brain slices. In control (wild-type) mice, infarct size was 7.6+/-1.1 mm3 (mean+/-SEM), uPA-/- mice had similar infarcts (7.8+/-1.0 mm3, P=NS), tPA-/- mice smaller (2.6+/-0.80 mm3, P<0.0001), PAI-1(-/-) mice larger (16+/-0.52 mm3, P<0.0001), and Plg-/- mice larger (12+/-1.2 mm3, P=0.037) infarcts. alpha2-AP-/- mice had smaller infarcts (2. 2+/-1.1 mm3, P<0.0001 versus wild-type), which increased to 13+/-2.5 mm3 (P<0.005 versus alpha2-AP-/-) after intravenous injection of human alpha2-AP. Injection into alpha2-AP-/- mice of Fab fragments of affinospecific rabbit IgG against human alpha2-AP, after injection of 200 microg human alpha2-AP, reduced FCI from 11+/-1.5 to 5.1+/-1.1 mm3 (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Plg system components affect FCI at 2 different levels: (1) reduction of tPA activity (tPA gene inactivation) reduces whereas its augmentation (PAI-1 gene inactivation) increases infarct size, and (2) reduction of Plg activity (Plg gene inactivation or alpha2-AP injection) increases whereas its augmentation (alpha2-AP gene inactivation or alpha2-AP neutralization) reduces infarct size. Inhibition of alpha2-AP may constitute a potential avenue to treatment of FCI. (+info)Characterization of wild-type and mutant alpha2-antiplasmins: fibrinolysis enhancement by reactive site mutant. (5/266)
During human blood clotting, alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2AP) becomes covalently linked to fibrin when activated blood clotting factor XIII (FXIIIa) catalyzes the formation of an isopeptide bond between glutamine at position two in alpha2AP and a specific epsilon-lysyl group in each of the alpha-chains of fibrin. This causes fibrin to become resistant to plasmin-mediated lysis. We found that chemically Arg-modified alpha2AP, which lacked plasmin-inhibitory activity, competed effectively with native alpha2AP for becoming cross-linked to fibrin and as a consequence, enhanced fibrinolysis. Recombinant alpha2AP reported to date by other groups either lacked or possessed a low level of FXIIIa substrate activity. As a first step in the development of an engineered protein that might have potential as a localized fibrin-specific fibrinolytic enhancer, we expressed recombinant alpha2AP in Pichia pastoris yeast. Two forms of nonglycosylated recombinant alpha2AP were expressed, isolated and characterized: (1) wild-type, which was analogous to native alpha2AP, and (2) a mutant form, which had Ala substituted for the reactive-site Arg364. Both the wild-type and mutant forms of alpha2AP functioned as FXIIIa substrates with affinities and kinetic efficiencies comparable to those of native alpha2AP, despite each having an additional acetylated Met blocking group at their respective amino-termini. Wild-type recombinant alpha2AP displayed full plasmin inhibitory activity, while mutant alpha2AP had none. Neither the absence of glycosylation nor blockage of the amino-terminus affected plasmin-inhibitory or FXIIIa substrate activities of wild-type alpha2AP. When our mutant alpha2AP, which lacked plasmin-inhibitory function, was added to human plasma or whole blood clots, urokinase (UK)-induced clot lysis was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that mutant alpha2AP augmented lysis by competing with native alpha2AP for FXIIIa-catalyzed incorporation into fibrin. (+info)Hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease interacts with the serpin C1 inhibitor. (6/266)
Both NS3 protein (1007-1657) and its protease moiety (NS3p, 1027-1207) were able to interact in vitro with C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) to give a 95-kDa Mr C1Inh cleavage product similar to that obtained upon proteolysis by complement protease C1s. High-Mr reaction products were also detected after incubation of C1Inh with NS3 but not with NS3p; they correspond to ester-bonded complexes from their hydroxylamine lability. Similar reactivity of NS3 was observed upon incubation with alpha2-antiplasmin. Serpin cleavage was prevented by treatment of NS3 with synthetic serine protease inhibitors. This interaction between viral NS3 and host serpins suggests that NS3 is likely to be controlled by infected cell protease inhibitors. (+info)Solvent/detergent-treated plasma has decreased antitrypsin activity and absent antiplasmin activity. (7/266)
Solvent/detergent (S/D)-treated plasma is currently marketed by the American Red Cross as a virally inactivated alternative to fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). The serpin-type serine proteinase inhibitors have a flexible reactive site loop (RSL) that can convert from the active conformation to the inactive latent or polymerized conformations when exposed to heat and/or detergents. We have compared the conformational stability and inhibitory activity of 3 plasma serpins-antithrombin, antitrypsin, and antiplasmin-in S/D plasma and FFP. In S/D plasma, virtually 100% of the antiplasmin and approximately 50% of the antitrypsin are in either the latent or polymerized conformation and lack inhibitory activity, while in FFP only the active conformation is present. Interestingly, antithrombin is not affected by S/D treatment and remains fully active. These data demonstrate that S/D plasma is not simply a virally inactivated equivalent of FFP. The lack of antiplasmin activity and decreased antitrypsin activity in S/D plasma suggest that it may not be as effective as FFP for the treatment of bleeding in patients with systemic activation of proteolytic cascades, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis, acquired fibrinolytic states, and large-volume transfusion. Although there has been extensive use of S/D plasma in several European countries with no reports of adverse effects, clinical studies directly comparing the efficacy of these 2 plasma products are needed to directly evaluate the relative therapeutic efficacy of FFP and S/D plasma for the treatment of these diseases. (+info)Comparative effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, and staphylokinase on cerebral ischemic infarction and pulmonary clot lysis in hamster models. (8/266)
BACKGROUND: The effects of alteplase (rtPA), streptokinase, and staphylokinase (rSak) on focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) and on pulmonary clot lysis (PCL) were studied in hamsters. METHODS AND RESULTS: ++FCI was produced by ligation of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and common carotid artery (CCA) and a 10-minute occlusion of the right CCA. FCI was measured after 24 hours by 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. (125)I-fibrin-labeled plasma clots were injected via the jugular vein, and clot lysis was determined from residual radioactivity at 90 minutes. Study drugs were given intravenously over 60 minutes. FCI increased from 1.2 (0. 27 to 2.3) mm(3) (median and 17th to 83rd percentile range, n=24) in controls to 19 to 27 mm(3) with thrombolytic agent, with maximal rates at 0.13+/-0.05 mg/kg rtPA, 0.23+/-0.09 mg/kg streptokinase, and 0.037+/-0.025 mg/kg rSak. PCL increased from 18+/-2% (mean+/-SEM, n=27) in controls to approximately 85% with thrombolytics, with maximal rates at 0.12+/-0.03 mg/kg rtPA, 0.17+/-0.05 mg/kg streptokinase, and 0.018+/-0.002 mg/kg rSak. All agents caused maximal FCI and PCL rates at similar doses without alpha(2)-antiplasmin and fibrinogen depletion. Injection of 6 mg/kg human plasminogen combined with streptokinase caused a "systemic fibrinolytic state" with fibrinogen depletion. Maximal rates of FCI were obtained with 0.097+/-0.077 mg/kg streptokinase (P=0.26 versus streptokinase alone) and of PCL with 0.010+/-0.002 mg/kg (P=0.006 versus streptokinase alone). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolytic agents cause similar dose-related extension of FCI after MCA ligation and PCL, irrespective of the agent or systemic plasmin generation. (+info)
Criteria for the specific measurement of plasmin inhibitor activity using an enzymatic procedure - IFCC
antiplasmin
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Alpha 2-antiplasmin
... (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for ...
Trypsin 1
Shieh BH, Travis J (1987). "The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (13): 6055-9. doi:10.1016/S0021 ... 1997). "Assignment of a single disulphide bridge in human alpha2-antiplasmin: implications for the structural and functional ... 3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 9633818. S2CID 45885044. Chen JM, Ferec C (2000). "Molecular basis of hereditary pancreatitis". Eur. J. Hum. ... 41 (2-3): 305-10. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(86)90111-3. PMID 3011602. Honey NK, Sakaguchi AY, Quinto C, et al. (1984). "Chromosomal ...
Plasmin
Wiman B, Collen D (September 1979). "On the mechanism of the reaction between human alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin". J. Biol. ... Plasmin is inactivated by proteins such as α2-macroglobulin and α2-antiplasmin. The mechanism of plasmin inactivation involves ... Shieh BH, Travis J (May 1987). "The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (13): 6055-9. doi:10.1016/ ... Plasmin has been shown to interact with Thrombospondin 1, Alpha 2-antiplasmin and IGFBP3. Moreover, plasmin induces the ...
Neutrophil elastase
Shieh BH, Travis J (May 1987). "The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (13): 6055-9. doi:10.1016/ ... Brower MS, Harpel PC (August 1982). "Proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and C1 inactivator by ... Neutrophil elastase has been shown to interact with Alpha 2-antiplasmin, which belongs to the Serpin family of proteins. ... Humans have six elastase genes that encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Neutrophil ...
Hyperfibrinolysis
Carpenter SL, Mathew P (2008). "Alpha-2-antiplasmin and its deficiency: fibrinolysis out of balance". Haemophilia. 14 (6): 1250 ... Among the congenital conditions for hyperfibrinolysis, deficiency of alpha-2-antiplasmin (alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor) or ... complexes of plasmin and alpha-2-antiplasmin (PAP). However, the sensitivity and specificity of these methods is limited ...
Helge Stormorken
Gogstad, GO; Stormorken, H; Solum, NO (15 July 1983). "Platelet alpha 2-antiplasmin is located in the platelet alpha-granules ... Stormorken, H; Gogstad, GO; Brosstad, F (August 1983). "Hereditary α2-antiplasmin deficiency". Thrombosis Research. 31 (4): 647 ... 5 (2): 129-37. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1968.tb01727.x. PMID 5673825. Holmsen, H; Day, HJ; Stormorken, H (1969). "The blood ... 34 (2): 587-8. PMID 1105879. Dale, J; Myhre, E; Storstein, O; Stormorken, H; Efskind, L (July 1977). "Prevention of arterial ...
Serpin
The disorder alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is one of the most common hereditary diseases. Since the stressed serpin fold is ... Lijnen HR, Okada K, Matsuo O, Collen D, Dewerchin M (April 1999). "Alpha2-antiplasmin gene deficiency in mice is associated ... alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (358 Met leads to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder". The New England Journal of Medicine. 309 (12 ... "Alpha-1-antitrypsin: molecular abnormality of S variant". British Medical Journal. 1 (6002): 130-131. January 1976. doi:10.1136 ...
PEDF
The PEDF structure includes 3 beta sheets and 10 alpha helices. This discovery demonstrated that PEDF has an asymmetrical ... "Entrez Gene: SERPINF1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1". ... 76 (2): 213-23. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.06.032. PMID 17651710. Guan M, Pang CP, Yam HF, Cheung KF, Liu WW, Lu Y (May 2004 ... 113 (2): 294-301. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.10.030. PMID 16406543. Becker J, Semler O, Gilissen C, Li Y, Bolz HJ, Giunta C, ...
Alpha globulin
α1-antitrypsin Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Orosomucoid (acid glycoprotein) Serum amyloid A Alpha 1-lipoprotein Haptoglobin Alpha- ... The alpha globulins typically have molecular weights of around 93 kDa. Alpha globulins include certain hormones, proteins that ... Alpha globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma that are highly mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions ... 2u globulin α2-macroglobulin Ceruloplasmin Thyroxine-binding globulin Alpha 2-antiplasmin Protein C Alpha 2-lipoprotein ...
Antithrombin
... such as alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-antiplasmin and Heparin cofactor II. The physiological target proteases of ... Turk B, Brieditis I, Bock SC, Olson ST, Björk I (1997). "The oligosaccharide side chain on Asn-135 of alpha-antithrombin, ... alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and MENT. The conformational change most relevant for Factor IXa and Xa inhibition involves the P14 ... J. 314 (2): 647-653. doi:10.1042/bj3140647. PMC 1217096. PMID 8670081. Bedsted T, Swanson R, Chuang YJ, Bock PE, Björk I, Olson ...
Gel electrophoresis of proteins
α2 - haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin, α2-antiplasmin, ceruloplasmin. The beta (β) band - transferrin, LDL, complement The gamma ( ... The alpha (α) band consists of two parts, 1 and 2: α1 - α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein. ... 2, Method and application to human serum proteins". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 121 (2): 404-427. Bibcode:1964NYASA.121..404D. doi: ... 199 (2): 223-231. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(91)90094-A. PMID 1812789. Wittig, I.; Braun, H.P.; Schägger, H. (2006). "Blue native ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... alpha 1-antitrypsin MeSH D12.776.377.715.085.100 - alpha-macroglobulins MeSH D12.776.377.715.085.118 - antiplasmin MeSH D12.776 ... alpha-crystallin a chain MeSH D12.776.306.366.100.300 - alpha-crystallin b chain MeSH D12.776.306.366.300.100 - beta-crystallin ... steroid 12-alpha-hydroxylase MeSH D12.776.422.220.453.915.737 - steroid 16-alpha-hydroxylase MeSH D12.776.422.220.453.915.748 ... Retinoid X receptor alpha MeSH D12.776.826.701.500.625 - Retinoid X receptor beta MeSH D12.776.826.701.500.750 - Retinoid X ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)
... alpha 1-antitrypsin MeSH D12.776.124.790.106.100 - alpha-macroglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.790.106.118 - antiplasmin MeSH D12.776 ... alpha-macroglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.790.720.100.500 - pregnancy-associated alpha 2-macroglobulins The list continues at List ... immunoglobulin alpha-chains MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.251 - immunoglobulin d MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.251.500 - ... immunoglobulin alpha-chains MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.251 - immunoglobulin d MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.251.500 - ...
Fibroblast activation protein, alpha
... human alpha2 antiplasmin and denatured collagen I and III. NPY, FGF-21 and alpha2 antiplasmin are considered to be ... Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP-alpha) also known as prolyl endopeptidase FAP is an enzyme that in humans is encoded ... Bae S, Park CW, Son HK, Ju HK, Paik D, Jeon CJ, Koh GY, Kim J, Kim H (September 2008). "Fibroblast activation protein alpha ... Lee KN, Jackson KW, Christiansen VJ, Lee CS, Chun JG, McKee PA (February 2006). "Antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme is a soluble form ...
List of diseases (A)
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency Alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency Alpha-mannosidosis Alpha-sarcoglycanopathy Alpha- ... drugs antenatal infection Antinolo-Nieto-Borrego syndrome Antiphospholipid syndrome Anti-plasmin deficiency Anti-plasmin ... thalassemia Alpha thalassemia abnormal morphogenesis Alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome Alport syndrome Alport ... totalis Alopecia universalis Alopecia universalis onychodystrophy vitiligo Alpers disease Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency Alpha- ...
HTC Population Profile Patient Characteristics - March 2021 | CDC
Rare Factor Deficiencies data from HTC Population Profile - March 2019 | CDC
Scientists say microscopic blood clots cause Long COVID
... antiplasmin.". What is the importance of alpha(2)-antiplasmin?. Alpha(2)-antiplasmin is a molecule that prevents the breakdown ... But, with high levels of alpha(2)-antiplasmin in the blood of Long COVID patients - the bodys ability to break down the clots ... So normally, the bodys plasmin-antiplasmin system balances between clotting blood at wound sites and preventing internal blood ... Some of the trapped molecules contain clotting proteins such as fibrinogen, as well as alpha(2)- ...
Factor XIII Deficiency: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, ... Pere Gascon, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, New ... and the pro-polypeptide of von Willebrand factor are all ligands for the integrins alpha 9beta 1 and alpha 4beta 1. J Biol Chem ... Jenner L, Husted L, Thirup S, Sottrup-Jensen L, Nyborg J. Crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain of alpha 2- ...
MeSH Browser
Alpha-Globulins [D12.776.124.790.106] * alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin [D12.776.124.790.106.050] * alpha 1-Antitrypsin [D12.776. ... 2010; see ANTIPLASMIN 1980-2009. History Note. 2010(1980). Date Established. 1980/01/01. Date of Entry. 1979/05/23. Revision ... Alpha-Globulins [D12.776.377.715.085] * alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin [D12.776.377.715.085.050] * alpha 1-Antitrypsin [D12.776. ... alpha-2-Antiplasmin Preferred Term Term UI T358821. Date11/08/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2000). ...
Medical student engineers protein to dissolve blood clots - Harvard Gazette
FY15: Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium - Arizona State University
Fibrinolysis and thrombosis<...
... antiplasmin is intimately involved in thrombus stability and in the generation of fibrin-rich vessel wall lesions. Finally, it ... PLATELET ALPHA-GRANULES, FAST-ACTING INHIBITOR, VENOUS THROMBOSIS, T-PA, ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS, ANGINA-PECTORIS", ... antiplasmin is intimately involved in thrombus stability and in the generation of fibrin-rich vessel wall lesions. Finally, it ... antiplasmin is intimately involved in thrombus stability and in the generation of fibrin-rich vessel wall lesions. Finally, it ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
C10.228.518.625.312 alpha-2-Antiplasmin D12.776.124.790.106.118 D12.776.124.790.106.90 D12.776.377.715.85.118 D12.776.377.715. ... D8.811.682.47.820.125 3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific) D8.811.682.47.820.186 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases ... D12.776.476.24.406 20-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase D8.811.682.47.436.400.74 D8.811.682.47.820.125.74 20-Hydroxysteroid ... D8.811.641.752 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors D27.505.954.329.30.500.500 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D27.505.954.329.30.500 D- ...
Heparin Turns 100! - Machaon Diagnostics
Soluble IL-2R alpha (CD25). < 24 hours (7 days a week). No. serum. ... 2013;38(2):235-240.. Beattie DT. Et al. An in vitro investigation of the cardiovascular effects of the 5-HT4 receptor selective ... 2017;9(2):7053.. Jensen G. et al. Consumption of nattokinase is associated with reduced blood pressure and von Willebrand ... 2007 Apr;12(2):137-45.. Fareed D. et al. Nitric oxide levels are upregulated in patients with malignancy-associated ...
Cryoprecipitate transfusion in trauma patients attenuates hyperfibrinolysis and restores normal clot structure and stability:...
Sakata Y, Aoki N. Cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin by fibrin-stabilizing factor. J Clin Invest. 1980;65(2): ... antiplasmin cross-linking. Blood. 2011;117(23):6371-4.. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar ... The antifibrinolytic function of factor XIII is exclusively expressed through alpha(2)- ... Alpha 2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is also cross-linked to fibrin via FXIII-A to stabilise the clot against premature degradation by ...
Global Gene Expression of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Focus on Cell Cycle and Proliferation Status in Improving the...
DNA topoisomerase II alpha). ENSG00000131747. The enzyme, DNA topoisomerase II alpha is required to chromosome condensation, ... RECQL5 cooperates with Topoisomerase II alpha in DNA decatenation and cell cycle progression. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40:1621- ... Dual Effects of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids on the Skin. Molecules. 2018 23 ... alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1) and SERPING 1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 ...
Treatment of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage with tranexamic acid - Nottingham ePrints
Patients with intracerebral haemorrhage had higher D-dimer and plasmin-alpha-2-antiplasmin complex levels compared to healthy ... TICH-2) trial.. Two systematic reviews explore available evidence on efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid and other ... a range of plasma biomarkers involved in fibrinolysis and haemostasis were examined in a single-centre substudy of the TICH-2 ... lower baseline plasminogen and elevated day 2 matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were associated with haematoma progression. ...
Code System Concept
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS 2010 - Changed terms
DeCS
alpha-2-Antiplasmin - Preferred Concept UI. M0001495. Scope note. A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that ... 2010; see ANTIPLASMIN 1980-2009. History Note:. 2010(1980). DeCS ID:. 28329 ... alpha-2-Antiplasmin Entry term(s). Serpin F2 alpha 2 Antiplasmin alpha 2 Plasmin Inhibitor alpha 2-Plasmin Inhibitor alpha(2)- ... alpha-2-Antiplasmine Entry term(s):. Serpin F2. alpha 2 Antiplasmin. alpha 2 Plasmin Inhibitor. alpha 2-Plasmin Inhibitor. ...
Fibrinolysis | HYPHEN BIOMED
HYPHEN BioMed - Product catalog - March 2022
Ocriplasmin: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online
Ocriplasmin is quickly inactivated by protease inhibitor α2-antiplasmin or α2-macroglobulin. ... NAlpha-2-antiplasmin. ligand. Humans. Absorption. Because of the small dose administered (0.125 mg), ocriplasmin is not ... 2. Completed. Treatment. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). 1. 2. Completed. Treatment. Eye Diseases / Vitreomacular Traction ... 2. Completed. Treatment. Focal Vitreomacular Adhesion. 1. 2. Completed. Treatment. Focal Vitreomacular Adhesion / Neovascular ...
PlasminProteinsDeficiencyInhibitorFibrinolysisProteinProteasePlasminogen activatorCleavageCompleted Tranexamic acidGlycoproteinBloodPatientsActivity2020YearsActiveHormoneMolecularRegionPlasmaMatrixReferenceChainPlasmin inhibitorDisseminated intravasculA2APFibrinogenAntigenProteinsFibrinPolymorphismHeparinSubstratesAntithrombinAssayAmino AcidsFactor2016SerumPrecursorGenePlateletsReceptorAntibodiesSerpins2002InfectionComponentsLevelsReductionTerm
Plasmin6
- So normally, the body's plasmin-antiplasmin system balances between clotting blood at wound sites and preventing internal blood clots. (openaccessgovernment.org)
- A protein inhibitor called alpha 2-antiplasmin in blood stops the clot-busting effects of plasmin. (harvard.edu)
- The other protein was identified as SerpinF2 (alpha 2-antiplasmin), the main inhibitor of plasmin and fibrinolytic activity. (elsevier.com)
- Alpha 2-antiplasmin (α 2 AP) is also cross-linked to fibrin via FXIII-A to stabilise the clot against premature degradation by plasmin [ 23 , 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Patients with intracerebral haemorrhage had higher D-dimer and plasmin-alpha-2-antiplasmin complex levels compared to healthy controls. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Platelet factors (platelet count and beta-thromboglobulin), coagulation factors (thrombin-antithrombin III complex and fibrinopeptide A), fibrinolysis factors (alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor), complement factors (C3a, C4a), free hemoglobin, and granulocyte elastase were measured at the beginning and end of the study. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Proteins1
- Some of the trapped molecules contain clotting proteins such as fibrinogen, as well as alpha(2)-antiplasmin. (openaccessgovernment.org)
Deficiency1
- Deficiency of Alpha-2 antiplasmin may cause the development of atherosclerosis. (gsu.edu)
Inhibitor2
- Ocriplasmin is quickly inactivated by protease inhibitor α2-antiplasmin or α2-macroglobulin. (drugbank.com)
- alpha(2)-antiplasmin or BB-3103, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the MMPs, co-injected with kainic acid into the striatum, inhibits excitotoxic cell death in the rat striatum, and reduces both the number of recruited macrophages and the size of the lesion. (ox.ac.uk)
Fibrinolysis3
- It goes on to discuss local fibrinolytic potential in thrombi, both venous and arterial, and in the diseased vessel wail, presenting evidence that increased local inhibition of fibrinolysis by PAI-1, PAI-2 and alpha(2)-antiplasmin is intimately involved in thrombus stability and in the generation of fibrin-rich vessel wall lesions. (elsevier.com)
- From a biochemical aspect, a range of plasma biomarkers involved in fibrinolysis and haemostasis were examined in a single-centre substudy of the TICH-2 trial involving 22 patients and 9 healthy volunteers. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Binding of fibrin αC389-402 to FXIII-A 2 * regulates fibrin cross-linking and thus clot stabilization and fibrinolysis. (ashpublications.org)
Protein3
- Alpha(2)-antiplasmin is a molecule that prevents the breakdown of blood clots, while fibrinogen is the main clotting protein. (openaccessgovernment.org)
- An agent that blocks the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 and thereby encourages cell death. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Reteplase is a protein consisting of the kringle-2 and protease domains of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). (tno.nl)
Protease1
- Amediplase (K2tu-PA) is a hybrid plasminogen activator, consisting of the kringle 2 domain of alteplase and the protease domain of urokinase. (tno.nl)
Plasminogen activator1
- Elevated baseline tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, lower baseline plasminogen and elevated day 2 matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were associated with haematoma progression. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Cleavage1
- Fibrin αC389-402 binds a cleft in the β-sandwich domain of FXIII-A 2 * exposed only after cleavage of the activation peptide. (ashpublications.org)
Completed Tranexamic acid1
- The current thesis explores the effects of tranexamic acid in intracerebral haemorrhage from clinical, radiological and biochemical aspects, based on data from the now completed Tranexamic acid in IntraCerebral Haemorrhage-2 (TICH-2) trial. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Glycoprotein1
- It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. (nih.gov)
Blood3
- But, with high levels of alpha(2)-antiplasmin in the blood of Long COVID patients - the body's ability to break down the clots are significantly less strong. (openaccessgovernment.org)
- Opinions are embraced and defended, but transfusion of red blood cells has not reliably demonstrated increased survival, other than in 2 specific populations, as follows: (1) those with active hemorrhage, and (2) those with active cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Additionally, whole blood transfusion in civilian pre-hospital settings and in the trauma bay is seeing a resurgence in some regions. (medscape.com)
Patients2
- TILs from patients with pancreatic cancer or brain tumor were isolated and expanded in vitro with the addition of IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21 as previously described. (innov-research.com)
- On the 3rd June 2010, the results of large-scale clinical trial (called CRASH-2) published in the Lancet that looked at the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients. (th-project.org)
Activity1
- Single chain u-PA has some intrinsic activities which represents less than 5% of the activity of 2-chain u-PA. (technoclone.com)
20201
- 2020 Jan. 188 (2):317-320. (medscape.com)
Years2
- Taking a small amount of honey at bedtime appears to reduce the number of coughing spells in children age 2 years and older. (beachblogger.net)
- The story starts in 1947, 2 years after the second world war. (th-project.org)
Active1
- Inhibitory serpins comprise several alpha-helix and beta-strands together with an external reactive centre loop (RCL) containing the active site recognised by the target enzyme. (embl.de)
Hormone1
- 2. A medication, hormone, or other intercellular messenger that binds and blocks the cellular receptor or target enzyme of another agent. (unboundmedicine.com)
Molecular1
- Es una glicoproteína, de peso molecular de aproximadamente 70.000 que migra en la región alfa 2 en la inmunoelectroforesis. (bvsalud.org)
Region1
- Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. (nih.gov)
Plasma2
- Miembro de la superfamilia de serpinas observado en el plasma que inhibe la lisis de los coágulos de fibrina inducidos por el activador del plasminógeno. (bvsalud.org)
- u-PA circulates in its single chain form in plasma in an average concentration of 1 to 2 ng/ml. (technoclone.com)
Matrix2
- Moreover, there are quantitative and structural changes in collagen, elastic fibers, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix [ 2 , 3 ]. (medsci.org)
- Chung AW, Au Yeung K, Sandor GG, Judge DP, Dietz HC, van Breemen C. Loss of elastic fiber integrity and reduction of vascular smooth muscle contraction resulting from the upregulated activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the thoracic aortic aneurysm in Marfan syndrome. (musc.edu)
Reference1
- Did you know that there are actually 2 different reference or gold standard methods for the laboratory diagnosis of HIT? (machaondiagnostics.com)
Chain1
- Thrombin is capable of cleaving scu-PA at position Arg-156 - Phe-157 resulting in an inactive 2-chain u-PA. (technoclone.com)
Plasmin inhibitor4
- 15. [Antithrombin III and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in DIC--the significance of their levels and existence of complexes as diagnostic indicators]. (nih.gov)
- Mutations in this gene result in alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency, which is characterized by severe hemorrhagic diathesis. (nih.gov)
- It also cleaves and inactivates the plasmin inhibitor alpha-2-antiplasmin, as well as complement components C3, C3a, and C4b. (nih.gov)
- Excessive bleeding due to hyperfibrinolysis can occur due to low levels of alpha2-antiplasmin (also named plasmin inhibitor). (octaplasusa.com)
Disseminated intravascul1
- 4. Coagulopathy in disseminated intravascular coagulation due to abdominal sepsis: determination of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and other markers. (nih.gov)
A2AP1
- Depletion of PLG in the plasma of an AD mouse model through antisense oligonucleotide technology dramatically improved AD pathology and decreased glial cell activation in the brain, whereas an increase in PL activity through α-2-antiplasmin (A2AP) antisense oligonucleotide treatment exacerbated the brain's immune response and plaque deposition. (nih.gov)
Fibrinogen2
- We found high levels of various inflammatory molecules trapped in the persistent microclots , including clotting proteins like plasminogen, fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor (VWF), and also Alpha-2 antiplasmin (a molecule that prevents the breakdown of microclots). (clpmag.com)
- PLA 2 then modifies the integrin membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, increasing its affinity to bind fibrinogen . (iiab.me)
Antigen3
- Hla class i histocompatibility antigen, b-7 alpha chain precursor. (hupo.org.cn)
- Hla class i histocompatibility antigen, b-41 alpha chain precursor. (hupo.org.cn)
- All plasma used in the manufacturing of C1-INH is obtained from U.S. donors and is tested using serological assays for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to HIV-1/2 and HCV. (mdtodate.com)
Proteins2
- The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during FETAL DEVELOPMENT and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life. (nih.gov)
- On the other hand, in the decreased proteins, we found intriguing molecules such as α-2-macroglobulin, gelsolin, kallistatin, and so on. (biomedcentral.com)
Fibrin3
- Stabilizing the fibrin plug through cross-linkage of the alpha and gamma chains of fibrin is plasma XIIIa's main physiologic function. (medscape.com)
- By crosslinking fibrin to alpha 2-antiplasmin, factor XIIIA also protects fibrin from fibrinolysis. (medscape.com)
- There is also indication that the externalized factor XIIIa plays a part in stabilizing thrombi through cross-linkage of α 2- antiplamin to fibrin. (medscape.com)
Polymorphism2
- The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism may be associated with focal arteriolar narrowing in Caucasians with hypertension or without diabetes: the ARIC Study. (unc.edu)
- Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism and context-specific risk of type 2 diabetes in African American and Caucasian adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. (unc.edu)
Heparin2
- 2. Successful combined use of tranexamic acid and unfractionated heparin for life-threatening bleeding associated with intravascular coagulation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. (nih.gov)
- C1-INH is a normal constituent of human plasma and belongs to the group of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) that includes antithrombin III, alpha 1 -protease inhibitor, alpha 2 -antiplasmin, and heparin cofactor II. (mdtodate.com)
Substrates1
- Only homodimers appear to have enzymatic activity, with essentially identical kinetics toward Met-alpha2-antiplasmin (Met-alpha2AP) and peptide substrates. (phoenixrising.me)
Antithrombin2
Assay1
- Fully automated assay system for the determination of thrombin generation over time in platelet poor or platelet rich human citrated plasma on Ceveron alpha TGA, Ceveron t100 and Ceveron s100. (dialine.ch)
Amino Acids1
- An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. (uchicago.edu)
Factor5
- In platelets and other cells, factor XIII lacks the B domain, existing instead as an A 2 dimer. (medscape.com)
- transforming growth factor, alpha. (stanford.edu)
- P67-PHOX.neutrophil cytosolic factor 2. (stanford.edu)
- insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)..insulin-like growth factor 2. (stanford.edu)
- Bovine Factor XIa purity is determined by SDS-PAGE and shows complete reduction upon incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol. (enzymeresearch.com)
20162
- The cohort was re-examined after approximately 5 years: Phase II (1984-1988), Phase III (1989-1993), and Phase IV (1993-1996) Follow-up research continued from 1997-2016, with 2 postal questionnaires enabling data to be collected on stroke events and new non-fatal myocardial infarctions and more recently disability and functional limitation. (dementiasplatform.uk)
- 2016;34(2):196-203. (unc.edu)
Serum1
- Taken together, our findings suggest that Kallistatin and α-2-macroglobulin are potential serum biomarkers for both AAA and TAA and TAA, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Precursor7
- Alpha-2-antiplasmin precursor. (hupo.org.cn)
- Isoform 2 of atp-binding cassette sub-family b member 7, mitochondrial precursor. (hupo.org.cn)
- alpha II.alpha tryptase I precursor. (stanford.edu)
- beta-2-microglobulin precursor. (stanford.edu)
- LFA-1.integrin beta chain, beta 2 precursor. (stanford.edu)
- complement component 2.CO2.complement component 2 precursor. (stanford.edu)
- A gene on chromosome 12p11.1 that encodes an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the terminal (third) glucose residue from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide (Glc2Man9GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol) precursor for N-linked glycosylation. (thefreedictionary.com)
Gene1
- The levels in this range, less than about 15 U/dL, generally identify individuals who have 2 FXI gene mutations. (medscape.com)
Platelets1
- Hemo did 2 IVIG infusions to get platelets up due to fear of bleeding. (pdsa.org)
Receptor3
- 2. A medication, hormone, or other intercellular messenger that binds and blocks the cellular receptor or target enzyme of another agent. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Isoform 2 of asialoglycoprotein receptor 2. (hupo.org.cn)
- Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation in intracellular acidic compartments. (cromauv.org)
Antibodies1
- Anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies measured above 20 CU are considered positive and are associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as described by international consensus and Harris et al [1, 2]. (machaondiagnostics.com)
Serpins1
- Inhibitory serpins comprise several alpha-helix and beta-strands together with an external reactive centre loop (RCL) containing the active site recognised by the target enzyme. (embl.de)
20021
- 2002 . Involvement of microbial components and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cytokine responses to air pollution particles. (nih.gov)
Infection1
- This kit provides qualitative and semi-quantitative data for the identification of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (diapharma.com)
Components1
- 2. All blood components and biological materials should be handled as potentially hazardous. (neobiolab.com)
Levels1
- Among them, we confirmed that kallistatin in both AAA and TAA patients and α-2-macroglobulin in TAA patients showed decrease levels in postsurgical sera similar to those in control sera by Western blot analysis with other sera from AAA and TAA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduction2
- We studied the role of O-2 and its reduction product OH X in mediating renal injury after ischemia. (jci.org)
- The total mean cumulative virus inactivation/reduction is shown in Table 2. (mdtodate.com)
Term1
- 2. Vaziri, N.D., and McMahon, R.: Insight into short and long-term hemodialysis. (uci.edu)