alpha-2-Antiplasmin: A member of the serpin superfamily found in plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin.Fibrinolysin: A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.Fibrinolysis: The natural enzymatic dissolution of FIBRIN.Plasminogen: Precursor of plasmin (FIBRINOLYSIN). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent.Hemorrhagic Disorders: Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).Antifibrinolytic Agents: Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.Factor XIIIa: Activated form of FACTOR XIII, a transglutaminase, which stabilizes the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) culminating the blood coagulation cascade.alpha-Macroglobulins: Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. They include alpha 1-macroglobulins and alpha 2-macroglobulins. These proteins exhibit trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, thrombin-, and plasmin-binding activity and function as hormonal transporters.Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.Blood Coagulation: The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot.Plasminogen Activators: A heterogeneous group of proteolytic enzymes that convert PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. They are concentrated in the lysosomes of most cells and in the vascular endothelium, particularly in the vessels of the microcirculation.Carboxypeptidase U: A metallocarboxypeptidase that removes C-terminal lysine and arginine from biologically active peptides and proteins thereby regulating their activity. It is a zinc enzyme with no preference shown for lysine over arginine. Pro-carboxypeptidase U in human plasma is activated by thrombin or plasmin during clotting to form the unstable carboxypeptidase U.Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.Hemostasis: The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of BLOOD from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements (eg. ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION), and the process of BLOOD COAGULATION.Streptokinase: Streptococcal fibrinolysin . An enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. It hydrolyzes amide linkages and serves as an activator of plasminogen. It is used in thrombolytic therapy and is used also in mixtures with streptodornase (STREPTODORNASE AND STREPTOKINASE). EC 3.4.-.Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator: A proteolytic enzyme that converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN where the preferential cleavage is between ARGININE and VALINE. It was isolated originally from human URINE, but is found in most tissues of most VERTEBRATES.Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins: Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits.Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products: Soluble protein fragments formed by the proteolytic action of plasmin on fibrin or fibrinogen. FDP and their complexes profoundly impair the hemostatic process and are a major cause of hemorrhage in intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.Plasminogen Inactivators: Important modulators of the activity of plasminogen activators. The inhibitors belong to the serpin family of proteins and inhibit both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators.alpha 1-Antitrypsin: Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES.Aprotinin: A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)Antithrombin III: A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and also inhibits several other enzymes. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.Factor XIII: A fibrin-stabilizing plasma enzyme (TRANSGLUTAMINASES) that is activated by THROMBIN and CALCIUM to form FACTOR XIIIA. It is important for stabilizing the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) which culminates the coagulation cascade.Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional: Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.Corneal Perforation: A puncture or hole through the CORNEAL STROMA resulting from various diseases or trauma.Kringles: Triple-looped protein domains linked by disulfide bonds. These common structural domains, so-named for their resemblance to Danish pastries known as kringlers, play a role in binding membranes, proteins, and phospholipids as well as in regulating proteolysis. Kringles are also present in coagulation-related and fibrinolytic proteins and other plasma proteinases.Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1: A member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Serine Proteinase Inhibitors: Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.Factor XII: Stable blood coagulation factor activated by contact with the subendothelial surface of an injured vessel. Along with prekallikrein, it serves as the contact factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Kallikrein activates factor XII to XIIa. Deficiency of factor XII, also called the Hageman trait, leads to increased incidence of thromboembolic disease. Mutations in the gene for factor XII that appear to increase factor XII amidolytic activity are associated with HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPE III.Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha: One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.Blood Coagulation Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Fibrinolytic Agents: Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.Blood Coagulation Tests: Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism.Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Serpins: A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. This family includes alpha 1-antitrypsin, angiotensinogen, ovalbumin, antiplasmin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, thyroxine-binding protein, complement 1 inactivators, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen inactivators, gene Y protein, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, and barley Z protein. Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Cost Control: The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Forecasting: The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.Drug Costs: The amount that a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs. It is one component of the final price that is charged to the consumer (FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL or PRESCRIPTION FEES).United StatesPigment Epithelium of Eye: The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.Retinal Pigment Epithelium: The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. These epithelial cells are macroglia that perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment.Protease Inhibitors: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).Osteogenesis Imperfecta: COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.
Relationship of plasmin generation to cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly men and women. (1/266)
Plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin complex (PAP) marks plasmin generation and fibrinolytic balance. We recently observed that elevated levels of PAP predict acute myocardial infarction in the elderly, yet little is known about the correlates of PAP. We measured PAP in 800 elderly subjects who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease in 2 cohort studies: the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Honolulu Heart Program. Median PAP levels did not differ between the Cardiovascular Health Study (6.05+/-1.46 nmol/L) and the Honolulu Heart Program (6.11+/-1.44 nmol/L), and correlates of PAP were similar in both cohorts. In CHS, PAP levels increased with age (r=0. 30), procoagulant factors (eg, factor VIIc, r=0.15), thrombin activity (prothrombin fragment F1+2, r=0.29), and inflammation-sensitive proteins (eg, fibrinogen, r=0.44; factor VIIIc, r=0.37). PAP was associated with increased atherosclerosis as measured by the ankle-arm index (AAI) (P for trend, +info)Alpha2-antiplasmin gene deficiency in mice is associated with enhanced fibrinolytic potential without overt bleeding. (2/266)
alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) is the main physiologic plasmin inhibitor in mammalian plasma. Inactivation of the murine alpha2-AP gene was achieved by replacing, through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, a 7-kb genomic sequence encoding the entire murine protein (exon 2 through part of exon 10, including the stop codon) with the neomycin resistance expression cassette. Germline transmission of the mutated allele was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Mendelian inheritance of the inactivated alpha2-AP allele was observed, and homozygous deficient (alpha2-AP-/-) mice displayed normal fertility, viability, and development. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the absence of alpha2-AP mRNA in kidney and liver from alpha2-AP-/- mice, in contrast to wild-type (alpha2-AP+/+) mice. Immunologic and functional alpha2-AP levels were undetectable in plasma of alpha2-AP-/- mice, and were about half of wild-type in heterozygous littermates (alpha2-AP+/-). Other hemostasis parameters, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood cell counts were comparable for alpha2-AP+/+, alpha2-AP+/-, and alpha2-AP-/- mice. After amputation of tail or toe tips, bleeding stopped spontaneously in alpha2-AP+/+, as well as in alpha2-AP+/- and alpha2-AP-/- mice. Spontaneous lysis after 4 hours of intravenously injected 125I-fibrin-labeled plasma clots was significantly higher in alpha2-AP-/- than in alpha2-AP+/+ mice when injecting clots prepared from alpha2-AP+/+ plasma (78% +/- 5% v 46% +/- 9%; mean +/- SEM, n = 6 to 7; P =.02) or from alpha2-AP-/- plasma (81% +/- 5% v 46% +/- 5%; mean +/- SEM, n = 5; P =.008). Four to 8 hours after endotoxin injection, fibrin deposition in the kidneys was significantly reduced in alpha2-AP-/- mice, as compared with alpha2-AP+/+ mice (P +info)Angiostatin inhibits endothelial and melanoma cellular invasion by blocking matrix-enhanced plasminogen activation. (3/266)
Angiostatin, a kringle-containing fragment of plasminogen, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. The mechanism(s) responsible for the anti-angiogenic properties of angiostatin are unknown. We now report that human angiostatin blocks plasmin(ogen)-enhanced in vitro invasion of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-producing endothelial and melanoma cells. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that angiostatin functions as a non-competitive inhibitor of extracellular-matrix (ECM)-enhanced, t-PA-catalysed plasminogen activation, with a Ki of 0.9+/-0.03 microM. This mechanism suggests that t-PA has a binding site for the inhibitor angiostatin, as well as for its substrate plasminogen that, when occupied, prevents ternary complex formation between t-PA, plasminogen and matrix protein. Direct binding experiments confirmed that angiostatin bound to t-PA with an apparent Kd [Kd(app)] of 6.7+/-0.7 nM, but did not bind with high affinity to ECM proteins. Together, these data suggest that angiostatin in the cellular micro-environment can inhibit matrix-enhanced plasminogen activation, resulting in reduced invasive activity, and suggest a biochemical mechanism whereby angiostatin-mediated regulation of plasmin formation could influence cellular migration and invasion. (+info)Role of plasminogen system components in focal cerebral ischemic infarction: a gene targeting and gene transfer study in mice. (4/266)
BACKGROUND: The role of plasminogen system components in focal cerebral ischemic infarction (FCI) was studied in mice deficient in plasminogen (Plg-/-), in tissue or urokinase plasminogen activator (tPA-/- or uPA-/-), or in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 or alpha2-antiplasmin (PAI-1(-/-) or alpha2-AP-/-). METHODS AND RESULTS: FCI was produced by ligation of the left middle cerebral artery and measured after 24 hours by planimetry of stained brain slices. In control (wild-type) mice, infarct size was 7.6+/-1.1 mm3 (mean+/-SEM), uPA-/- mice had similar infarcts (7.8+/-1.0 mm3, P=NS), tPA-/- mice smaller (2.6+/-0.80 mm3, P<0.0001), PAI-1(-/-) mice larger (16+/-0.52 mm3, P<0.0001), and Plg-/- mice larger (12+/-1.2 mm3, P=0.037) infarcts. alpha2-AP-/- mice had smaller infarcts (2. 2+/-1.1 mm3, P<0.0001 versus wild-type), which increased to 13+/-2.5 mm3 (P<0.005 versus alpha2-AP-/-) after intravenous injection of human alpha2-AP. Injection into alpha2-AP-/- mice of Fab fragments of affinospecific rabbit IgG against human alpha2-AP, after injection of 200 microg human alpha2-AP, reduced FCI from 11+/-1.5 to 5.1+/-1.1 mm3 (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Plg system components affect FCI at 2 different levels: (1) reduction of tPA activity (tPA gene inactivation) reduces whereas its augmentation (PAI-1 gene inactivation) increases infarct size, and (2) reduction of Plg activity (Plg gene inactivation or alpha2-AP injection) increases whereas its augmentation (alpha2-AP gene inactivation or alpha2-AP neutralization) reduces infarct size. Inhibition of alpha2-AP may constitute a potential avenue to treatment of FCI. (+info)Characterization of wild-type and mutant alpha2-antiplasmins: fibrinolysis enhancement by reactive site mutant. (5/266)
During human blood clotting, alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2AP) becomes covalently linked to fibrin when activated blood clotting factor XIII (FXIIIa) catalyzes the formation of an isopeptide bond between glutamine at position two in alpha2AP and a specific epsilon-lysyl group in each of the alpha-chains of fibrin. This causes fibrin to become resistant to plasmin-mediated lysis. We found that chemically Arg-modified alpha2AP, which lacked plasmin-inhibitory activity, competed effectively with native alpha2AP for becoming cross-linked to fibrin and as a consequence, enhanced fibrinolysis. Recombinant alpha2AP reported to date by other groups either lacked or possessed a low level of FXIIIa substrate activity. As a first step in the development of an engineered protein that might have potential as a localized fibrin-specific fibrinolytic enhancer, we expressed recombinant alpha2AP in Pichia pastoris yeast. Two forms of nonglycosylated recombinant alpha2AP were expressed, isolated and characterized: (1) wild-type, which was analogous to native alpha2AP, and (2) a mutant form, which had Ala substituted for the reactive-site Arg364. Both the wild-type and mutant forms of alpha2AP functioned as FXIIIa substrates with affinities and kinetic efficiencies comparable to those of native alpha2AP, despite each having an additional acetylated Met blocking group at their respective amino-termini. Wild-type recombinant alpha2AP displayed full plasmin inhibitory activity, while mutant alpha2AP had none. Neither the absence of glycosylation nor blockage of the amino-terminus affected plasmin-inhibitory or FXIIIa substrate activities of wild-type alpha2AP. When our mutant alpha2AP, which lacked plasmin-inhibitory function, was added to human plasma or whole blood clots, urokinase (UK)-induced clot lysis was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that mutant alpha2AP augmented lysis by competing with native alpha2AP for FXIIIa-catalyzed incorporation into fibrin. (+info)Hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease interacts with the serpin C1 inhibitor. (6/266)
Both NS3 protein (1007-1657) and its protease moiety (NS3p, 1027-1207) were able to interact in vitro with C1 Inhibitor (C1Inh) to give a 95-kDa Mr C1Inh cleavage product similar to that obtained upon proteolysis by complement protease C1s. High-Mr reaction products were also detected after incubation of C1Inh with NS3 but not with NS3p; they correspond to ester-bonded complexes from their hydroxylamine lability. Similar reactivity of NS3 was observed upon incubation with alpha2-antiplasmin. Serpin cleavage was prevented by treatment of NS3 with synthetic serine protease inhibitors. This interaction between viral NS3 and host serpins suggests that NS3 is likely to be controlled by infected cell protease inhibitors. (+info)Solvent/detergent-treated plasma has decreased antitrypsin activity and absent antiplasmin activity. (7/266)
Solvent/detergent (S/D)-treated plasma is currently marketed by the American Red Cross as a virally inactivated alternative to fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). The serpin-type serine proteinase inhibitors have a flexible reactive site loop (RSL) that can convert from the active conformation to the inactive latent or polymerized conformations when exposed to heat and/or detergents. We have compared the conformational stability and inhibitory activity of 3 plasma serpins-antithrombin, antitrypsin, and antiplasmin-in S/D plasma and FFP. In S/D plasma, virtually 100% of the antiplasmin and approximately 50% of the antitrypsin are in either the latent or polymerized conformation and lack inhibitory activity, while in FFP only the active conformation is present. Interestingly, antithrombin is not affected by S/D treatment and remains fully active. These data demonstrate that S/D plasma is not simply a virally inactivated equivalent of FFP. The lack of antiplasmin activity and decreased antitrypsin activity in S/D plasma suggest that it may not be as effective as FFP for the treatment of bleeding in patients with systemic activation of proteolytic cascades, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis, acquired fibrinolytic states, and large-volume transfusion. Although there has been extensive use of S/D plasma in several European countries with no reports of adverse effects, clinical studies directly comparing the efficacy of these 2 plasma products are needed to directly evaluate the relative therapeutic efficacy of FFP and S/D plasma for the treatment of these diseases. (+info)Comparative effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, and staphylokinase on cerebral ischemic infarction and pulmonary clot lysis in hamster models. (8/266)
BACKGROUND: The effects of alteplase (rtPA), streptokinase, and staphylokinase (rSak) on focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) and on pulmonary clot lysis (PCL) were studied in hamsters. METHODS AND RESULTS: ++FCI was produced by ligation of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and common carotid artery (CCA) and a 10-minute occlusion of the right CCA. FCI was measured after 24 hours by 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. (125)I-fibrin-labeled plasma clots were injected via the jugular vein, and clot lysis was determined from residual radioactivity at 90 minutes. Study drugs were given intravenously over 60 minutes. FCI increased from 1.2 (0. 27 to 2.3) mm(3) (median and 17th to 83rd percentile range, n=24) in controls to 19 to 27 mm(3) with thrombolytic agent, with maximal rates at 0.13+/-0.05 mg/kg rtPA, 0.23+/-0.09 mg/kg streptokinase, and 0.037+/-0.025 mg/kg rSak. PCL increased from 18+/-2% (mean+/-SEM, n=27) in controls to approximately 85% with thrombolytics, with maximal rates at 0.12+/-0.03 mg/kg rtPA, 0.17+/-0.05 mg/kg streptokinase, and 0.018+/-0.002 mg/kg rSak. All agents caused maximal FCI and PCL rates at similar doses without alpha(2)-antiplasmin and fibrinogen depletion. Injection of 6 mg/kg human plasminogen combined with streptokinase caused a "systemic fibrinolytic state" with fibrinogen depletion. Maximal rates of FCI were obtained with 0.097+/-0.077 mg/kg streptokinase (P=0.26 versus streptokinase alone) and of PCL with 0.010+/-0.002 mg/kg (P=0.006 versus streptokinase alone). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombolytic agents cause similar dose-related extension of FCI after MCA ligation and PCL, irrespective of the agent or systemic plasmin generation. (+info)Shieh BH, Travis J (1987). "The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (13): 6055-9. PMID 2437112. ... 1997). "Assignment of a single disulphide bridge in human alpha2-antiplasmin: implications for the structural and functional ... 3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 9633818. Chen JM, Ferec C (2000). "Molecular basis of hereditary pancreatitis". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 8 (7): 473 ... 14 (2): 141-5. doi:10.1038/ng1096-141. PMID 8841182. Chen JM, Ferec C (2000). "Gene conversion-like missense mutations in the ...
Wiman B, Collen D (September 1979). "On the mechanism of the reaction between human alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin". J. Biol. ... Plasmin is inactivated by proteins such as α2-macroglobulin and α2-antiplasmin. The mechanism of plasmin inactivation involves ... Shieh BH, Travis J (May 1987). "The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (13): 6055-9. PMID 2437112 ... Plasmin has been shown to interact with Thrombospondin 1, Alpha 2-antiplasmin and IGFBP3. Moreover, plasmin induces the ...
Shieh BH, Travis J (May 1987). "The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (13): 6055-9. PMID 2437112 ... Brower MS, Harpel PC (August 1982). "Proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and C1 inactivator by ... Neutrophil elastase has been shown to interact with Alpha 2-antiplasmin, which belongs to the Serpin family of proteins. ... Humans have six elastase genes that encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Neutrophil ...
Alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin inactivate plasmin. Plasmin activity is also reduced by thrombin-activatable ... Such results can be seen in peoples with liver disease, PAI-1 deficiency or alpha 2-antiplasmin deficiency. Similar results are ... Nevertheless, excess levels of PAI and alpha 2-antiplasmin have been implicated in the metabolic syndrome and various other ... alpha 2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen) from plasma and then observing the time required for clot dissolution. A shortened lysis ...
Carpenter SL, Mathew P (2008). "Alpha-2-antiplasmin and its deficiency: fibrinolysis out of balance". Haemophilia. 14: 1250-4. ... Among the congenital conditions for hyperfibrinolysis, deficiency of alpha-2-antiplasmin (alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor) or ... complexes of plasmin and alpha-2-antiplasmin (PAP). However, the sensitivity and specificity of these methods is limited ...
alpha 2-antiplasmin. Inhibits plasmin. Antiplasmin deficiency. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Activates plasminogen. ... The interaction of vWF and GP1b alpha. The GP1b receptor on the surface of platelets allows the platelet to bind to vWF, which ... deficient alpha granules), and delta storage pool deficiency (deficient dense granules). Most are rare conditions. Most inborn ... p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4051-8460-1.. *^ Pallister CJ, Watson MS (2010). Haematology. Scion Publishing. pp. 334-336. ISBN 1-904842-39- ...
Gogstad, GO; Stormorken, H; Solum, NO (15 July 1983). "Platelet alpha 2-antiplasmin is located in the platelet alpha-granules ... Stormorken, H; Gogstad, GO; Brosstad, F (August 1983). "Hereditary α2-antiplasmin deficiency". Thrombosis Research. 31 (4): 647 ... 5 (2): 129-37. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1968.tb01727.x. PMID 5673825. Holmsen, H; Day, HJ; Stormorken, H (1969). "The blood ... 34 (2): 587-8. PMID 1105879. Dale, J; Myhre, E; Storstein, O; Stormorken, H; Efskind, L (July 1977). "Prevention of arterial ...
alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (358 Met leads to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder". The New England Journal of Medicine. 309 (12 ... Lijnen HR, Okada K, Matsuo O, Collen D, Dewerchin M (April 1999). "Alpha2-antiplasmin gene deficiency in mice is associated ... Lomas DA, Evans DL, Finch JT, Carrell RW (June 1992). "The mechanism of Z alpha 1-antitrypsin accumulation in the liver". ... Initial research focused on their role in human disease: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is one of the most common genetic ...
The PEDF structure includes 3 beta sheets and 10 alpha helices. This discovery demonstrated that PEDF has an asymmetrical ... "Entrez Gene: SERPINF1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1". ... 188 (2): 253-63. doi:10.1002/jcp.1114. PMID 11424092. Duh EJ, Yang HS, Suzuma I, Miyagi M, Youngman E, Mori K, Katai M, Yan L, ... 76 (2): 213-23. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.06.032. PMID 17651710. Guan M, Pang CP, Yam HF, Cheung KF, Liu WW, Lu Y (May 2004 ...
... alpha 2-antiplasmin). പ്ലാസ്മിനെ തടയുന്നു. ആന്റിപ്ലാസ്മിന്റെ അഭാവം ടിഷ്യൂ പ്ലാസ്മിനോജൻ ആക്ടിവേറ്റർ (tissue plasminogen ... പ്ലാസ്മിനോജൻ ആക്ടിവേറ്റർ ഇൻഹിബിറ്റർ-2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-2) (PAI2). tPA & urokinase (placental PAI)എന്നിവയെ ...
... and to a lesser extent alpha 2-antiplasmin. The euglobulin fraction also contains factor VIII. After precipitation, the ...
... such as alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-antiplasmin and Heparin cofactor II. The physiological target proteases of ... Turk B, Brieditis I, Bock SC, Olson ST, Björk I (1997). "The oligosaccharide side chain on Asn-135 of alpha-antithrombin, ... alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and MENT. The conformational change most relevant for Factor IXa and Xa inhibition involves the P14 ... 43 (2): 133-136. PMID 7455972. Lane DA, Olds RJ, Conard J, Boisclair M, Bock SC, Hultin M, Abildgaard U, Ireland H, Thompson E ...
α1-antitrypsin Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Orosomucoid (acid glycoprotein) Serum amyloid A Alpha 1-lipoprotein Haptoglobin Alpha- ... Alpha globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma that are highly mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions ... The alpha globulins typically have molecular weights of around 93 kDa. ... Alpha-Globulins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). ...
... (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for ...
The globulins are classified by their banding pattern (with their main representatives): The alpha (α) band consists of two ... α2 - haptoglobin, α2-macroglobulin, α2-antiplasmin, ceruloplasmin. The beta (β) band - transferrin, LDL, complement The gamma ( ... 2, Method and application to human serum proteins". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 121 (2): 404-427. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964. ... 199 (2): 223-231. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(91)90094-A. PMID 1812789 Wittig, I.; Braun, H.P.; Schägger, H. (2006). "Blue native ...
alpha 2-antiplasmin. Inhibits plasmin منشط بلازمينوجين النسيجي (tPA). Activates plasminogen يوروكيناز. Activates plasminogen ... plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI2). Inactivates tPA & urokinase (مشيميl PAI) cancer procoagulant. Pathological العامل ...
Feldmann M, Maini R. Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned?. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001, 19 (1): 163 ... 抗體(antibody),又稱免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,簡稱Ig)[1],是一種主要由漿細胞分泌,被免疫系統用來鑑別與中和外來物質如細菌、病毒等病原體的大型Y形蛋白質,僅被發現存在於脊椎動物的血液等體液中,及其B細胞的細胞膜表面[2][3 ... 2. Y型、
Feldmann M, Maini R (2001). "Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned?". Annu Rev Immunol. 19 (1): ... Possible classes of heavy chains in antibodies include alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, and mu, and they define the antibody's ... Streptococcal IgA1 protease, digestion, Fab and Fc fragments, and the complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 1 heavy chain ... and Fc regions and the role of N-glycosylation on Fc alpha receptor interactions". J Biol Chem. 273 (4): 2260-2272. doi:10.1074 ...
Alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fetoglobulin) is a fetal plasma protein that binds various cations, fatty acids and bilirubin. Vitamin ... A number of blood transport proteins are evolutionarily related, including serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, vitamin D-binding ... alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein gene family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (27): 18149-54. PMID ... alpha-fetoprotein, vitamin D-binding protein multigene family". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 29 (4): 344-354. doi:10.1007/ ...
Alpha globulins. .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}. serpins:. *alpha-1 (Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha 1- ... Alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fetoglobulin) is a fetal plasma protein that binds various cations, fatty acids and bilirubin. Vitamin ... A number of blood transport proteins are evolutionarily related, including serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, vitamin D-binding ... alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein gene family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (27): 18149-54. PMID ...
Alpha globulins. .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}. serpins:. *alpha-1 (Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha 1- ... Orosomucoid (ORM) or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1AGp,[1] AGP or AAG) is an acute phase (acute phase protein) plasma alpha- ... Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein has been identified as one of four potentially useful circulating biomarkers for estimating the five- ... there is a small increase in alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. The effect of these changes on drug protein binding and drug delivery, ...
Alpha globulins. .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}. serpins:. *alpha-1 (Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha 1- ... The protein is composed of alpha helices and beta sheets that form two domains.[8] The N- and C- terminal sequences are ... 283 (2): 611-5. doi:10.1042/bj2830611. PMC 1131079. PMID 1315521.. *^ M Ching-Ming Chung (October 1984). "Structure and ... Transferrin has been shown to interact with insulin-like growth factor 2[18] and IGFBP3.[19] Transcriptional regulation of ...
... alpha 1-antitrypsin MeSH D12.776.377.715.085.100 - alpha-macroglobulins MeSH D12.776.377.715.085.118 - antiplasmin MeSH D12.776 ... alpha-crystallin a chain MeSH D12.776.306.366.100.300 - alpha-crystallin b chain MeSH D12.776.306.366.300.100 - beta-crystallin ... steroid 12-alpha-hydroxylase MeSH D12.776.422.220.453.915.737 - steroid 16-alpha-hydroxylase MeSH D12.776.422.220.453.915.748 ... Retinoid X receptor alpha MeSH D12.776.826.701.500.625 - Retinoid X receptor beta MeSH D12.776.826.701.500.750 - Retinoid X ...
... alpha 1-antitrypsin MeSH D12.776.124.790.106.100 -- alpha-macroglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.790.106.118 -- antiplasmin MeSH ... alpha-macroglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.790.720.100.500 -- pregnancy-associated alpha 2-macroglobulins. ... immunoglobulin alpha-chains MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.251 -- immunoglobulin d MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.251.500 ... immunoglobulin alpha-chains MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.705.500.360 -- immunoglobulin delta-chains MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.705. ...
There are alpha and beta lactalbumins; both are contained in milk.. Scientific studies suggest that certain types of ... 2. Influence Of Dietary Proteins On The Immune System Of Mice Bounous G., Kongshavn P.A. J Nutr.Sep; 112(9) :1747-55 (1982) ... 2, 395-402, 2008.. Oxidative stress plays a role in the tumor-cytotoxic effect of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy and also ... Serum IL-2 levels began to increase 8 weeks and remained high even after supplement with Immunocal -food had ended. Furthermore ...
... and nine alpha helices (hA-hI).[6][7] The structure of PAI-2 mutants have been solved, in which the 33-amino acid loop ... Whether PAI-2's physiological function is inhibition of the extracellular protease urokinase and/or whether PAI-2 has ... At least one of PAI-2's physiological functions may involve regulation of adaptive immunity.[5] ... PAI-2's role in apoptosis has been investigated, but current evidence remains inconclusive.[13][17] A recent study suggests PAI ...
Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for ...
Compare alpha-2-antiplasmin ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, ... Rapid and Easy Quantification of TNF Alpha I utilized this ELISA kit for the quantification of the TNFa alpha released in the ... alpha-2-antiplasmin ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based tool for ... Your search returned 203 alpha-2-antiplasmin ELISA ELISA Kit across 11 suppliers. ...
Buy our Natural Human Alpha 2 Antiplasmin protein. Ab81750 is a full length protein produced in Nativesyntheticaly and has been ... Natural Human Alpha 2 Antiplasmin protein. See all Alpha 2 Antiplasmin proteins and peptides. ... Defects in SERPINF2 are the cause of alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency (APLID) [MIM:262850]. APLID is an autosomal recessive ... Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade F (alpha 2 antiplasmin pigment epithelium derived factor) member 2 ...
Alpha-2-antiplasminAdd BLAST. 452. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. ... "alpha2-antiplasmin is associated with the progression of fibrosis.". Kanno Y., Kawashita E., Minamida M., Kaneiwa A., Okada K. ... "Alpha2-antiplasmin is a critical regulator of angiotensin II-mediated vascular remodeling.". Hou Y., Okada K., Okamoto C., ... "Alpha2-antiplasmin is a critical regulator of angiotensin II-mediated vascular remodeling.". Hou Y., Okada K., Okamoto C., ...
alpha-2 Antiplasmin. A member of the serpin superfamily found in Plasma that inhibits the lysis of Fibrin clots which are ... It is a Glycoprotein, Molecular Weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in Immunoelectrophoresis. It is ...
... of Alpha-2 Antiplasmin in Global market, especially in United States, China, Europe, Japan, focuses on top players in these ... means the sales value of Alpha-2 Antiplasmin This report studies sales (consumption) ... means the sales volume of Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Revenue, ... 1.2 Classification of Alpha-2 Antiplasmin. 1.2.1 Type I. 1.2.2 ... 8.1 Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Key Raw Materials Analysis. 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials. 8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials. 8.1.3 Key ...
Alpha 2 Antiplasmin blocking peptide, GTX88657-PEP, Applications: Apuri, Blocking, ELISA; Affinity purification, Blocking, ... Mutations in this gene result in alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency, which is characterized by severe hemorrhagic diathesis. ... serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2. ...
Rat Monoclonal Anti-Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin Antibody (RM0324-2H63). Validated: WB. Tested Reactivity: Mouse. 100% ... Additional Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin Products. Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin NBP2-11890 * Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin ... Blogs on Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin. There are no specific blogs for Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin, but you can read our ... Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin Antibody (RM0324-2H63) Summary. Immunogen. Mouse SERPINF2 ...
Anti-Alpha 2 Antiplasmin pAb (GTX88657) is tested in Human samples. 100% Ab-Assurance. ... alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2) for ELISA, IHC-P, WB. ... Alpha 2 Antiplasmin antibody, Internal (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F ( ... Specifications: Alpha 2 Antiplasmin antibody, Internal. Full Name. serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, ...
... alpha 2-Antiplasmin protein (1239-PI) is manufactured by R&D Systems. Reproducible results in inhibition activity assays. Learn ... Have you used Recombinant Mouse Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin Protein, CF?. Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card.. $ ... Reviews for Recombinant Mouse Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin Protein, CF. There are currently no reviews for this product. Be ... Background: Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin. Serpin F2 is a member of the Serpin superfamily and the primary physiological ...
... Date:. April 20, 2012 ... U.K. Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Test Volume Forecasts by Market Segment. U.S.A. Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Test Volume Forecasts by Market ... Germany Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Test Volume Forecasts by Market Segment. Italy Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Test Volume Forecasts by Market ... Japan Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Test Volume Forecasts by Market Segment. Spain Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Test Volume Forecasts by Market ...
Alpha-2 Antiplasmin, Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor), Member 1 (SERPINF1) antibody (Alexa Fluor 555) ABIN910642 from ... Itemanti-serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade F (Alpha-2 Antiplasmin, Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor), Member 1 (SERPINF1) ... anti-serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade F (Alpha-2 Antiplasmin, Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor), Member 1 (SERPINF1) antibody ... anti-serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade F (Alpha-2 Antiplasmin, Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor), Member 1 (SERPINF1) antibody ...
Alpha-2-Antiplasmin It is a Custom assay which can detect SERPINF2 / Alpha-2-Antiplasmin ... Alpha-2-Antiplasmin ELISA Kit LS-F13885 is a 96-Well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the Quantitative detection of Bovine ... LS-F13885 is a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the Quantitative detection of Bovine SERPINF2 / Alpha-2- ...
2016-2020 World Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Testing Market: Ambulatory Centers, Commercial Labs, Hospitals, Physician Offices, POC/ ... 2016-2020 World Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Testing Market: Ambulatory Centers, Commercial Labs, Hospitals, Physician Offices, POC/ ... 2016-2020 World Alpha-2 Antiplasmin Testing Market: Ambulatory Centers, Commercial Labs, Hospitals, Physician Offices, POC/ ... This report presents a detailed analysis of the Alpha-2 Antiplasmin testing market in the US, Europe (France, Germany, Italy, ...
Alpha-antiplasmin-deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder which allows unrestrained fibrinolytic activity. Individuals with ... Gel Scan of Alpha 2 Antiplasmin, Human Plasma. This information is representative of the product ART prepares, but is not lot ... Alpha 2 Antiplasmin, Human Plasma (Coagulation Factor). Buy direct from the manufacturer. Bulk Qty Available. Same day shipping ... Prepared from plasma shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved ...
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Mutations in this gene result in alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency, which is characterized by severe hemorrhagic diathesis. ...
Alpha 2 Antiplasmin Antibodies - manufactured by Affinity Biologicals - visit our website for more information on our ... alpha-2-Antiplasmin Polyclonal Antibody. View Product. GA2AP-IG - Goat anti human alpha-2-Antiplasmin, purified IgG (5mg vial) ... Description of Alpha 2-Antiplasmin. Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (α2AP), also known as Alpha 2-Plasmin Inhibitor (α2PI), is a member of ... Alpha-2-Antiplasmin Polyclonal Antibody - HRP Conjugated. View Product. GA2AP-HRP - Goat anti human Alpha-2-Antiplasmin, ...
What is alpha2-antiplasmin? Meaning of alpha2-antiplasmin medical term. What does alpha2-antiplasmin mean? ... Looking for online definition of alpha2-antiplasmin in the Medical Dictionary? alpha2-antiplasmin explanation free. ... alpha2-antiplasmin. alpha2-antiplasmin. /al·pha2-an·ti·plas·min/ (-an″tĭ-plaz´min) see antiplasmin.. alpha2-antiplasmin. the ... Alpha2-antiplasmin , definition of alpha2-antiplasmin by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ ...
... Catalog Number: BP17- ...
The Alpha2-AP ELISA Assay kit is for the quantitative determination of Active Alpha 2-Antiplasmin in mouse plasma by a ... Mouse Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) Active ELISA Assay. $870.00. The Eagle Biosciences Mouse Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) ... Alpha 2 antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) is the major circulating inhibitor of plasmin, and it has a role in the regulation of ... Home / All Products / Assay Kits / Veterinarian Assay Kits / Mouse Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) Active ELISA Assay. ...
Human Alpha 2 Antiplasmin \ A50112H for more molecular products just contact us ... Protein kinase B alpha) (PKB alpha) (Proto-oncogene c-Akt) (RAC-PK-alpha). [HBB] Hemoglobin subunit beta (Beta-globin) ( ... WP1047: TNF-alpha NF-kB Signaling Pathway. WP1120: Ovarian Infertility Genes. WP1163: TNF-alpha NF-kB Signaling Pathway. WP1209 ... WP1835: Interferon alpha/beta signaling. WP1904: RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways. WP1963: The effect ...
The alpha-2-antiplasmin Arg407Lys polymorphism is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm Katherine I Bridge 1 , Fraser ... The alpha-2-antiplasmin Arg407Lys polymorphism is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm Katherine I Bridge et al. Thromb ... Alpha2-antiplasmin: potential therapeutic roles in fibrin survival and removal. Lee KN, Jackson KW, Christiansen VJ, Chung KH, ... Katherine I Bridge 1 , Fraser Macrae 2 , Marc A Bailey 3 , Anne Johnson 1 , Helen Philippou 2 , D Julian A Scott 1 , Robert A S ...
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... ,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide leader in innovative ... Alpha-2-Antiplasmin, Activity. 2. Factor VIII Activity, ReFacto. 3. Plasmacup SC. 4. Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) Sset. 5. Macro- ... 2, 2017 Eli Lilly and ... financial results for the third quarter of 2017 on ... conference call on that day with the ...
SERPINF2FibrinolysisAntibodyA2APDeficiencyMouse Alpha 2 AntiplasmAntibodiesProteaseProteinPlasmaInactivationTissue PlasminogFibrinogenPeptideELISAPlasminogen activatorSevere hemorrhagic diathesisTumorInactivateInhibitionSerpinCleavageEnzymeAffinityConcentrationDecentralizationThrombusPlateletInfusionHumansReactiveProducts
- Defects in SERPINF2 are the cause of alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency (APLID) [MIM: (abcam.com)
- LS-F13885 is a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the Quantitative detection of Bovine SERPINF2 / Alpha-2-Antiplasmin. (lsbio.com)
- α 2 AP also acts to regulate fibrinolysis by binding to the lysine binding sites on plasminogen thus competitively inhibiting plasminogen binding to fibrin. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- Alpha 2 antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) is the major circulating inhibitor of plasmin, and it has a role in the regulation of intravascular fibrinolysis. (eaglebio.com)
- Caucasian subjects ≥ 55 years (602 AAA patients and 490 matched controls) were genotyped for four polymorphisms (α-2-antiplasmin α2AP Arg6Trp and Arg407Lys, Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor TAFI Thr325Ile and tissue plasminogen activator tPA 7351C→T). DNA was extracted from blood, and genotype identified using real time PCR. (cdc.gov)
- The ELT measures fibrinolysis by clotting the euglobulin fraction (primarily the important fibrinolytic factors fibrinogen , PAI-1 , tPA , alpha 2-antiplasmin , and plasminogen ) from plasma and then observing the time required for clot dissolution. (wikipedia.org)
- Three out of nine proteins identified to associate with HDL-4-Apo A-2 are involved in the regulation of fibrinolysis, namely, the plasmin regulator, alpha-2-antiplasmin, and two major components of the kallikrein-kinin pathway (coagulation factor XI and prekallikrein), and their physical presence in the HDL-4 subfraction was confirmed. (bmj.com)
- Under normal conditions, the fibrinolytic process is localized on the fibrin clots because alpha 2 -antiplasmin and the plasminogen activator inhibitors prevent fibrinolysis from spreading. (labcorp.com)
- We measured a battery of markers of coagulation (fibrinogen, factor VII activity, factor XIa-alpha-1-antitrypsin, activated protein C-resistance), fibrinolysis (tissue-type plasminogen activator [tPA], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI- D-dimer, plasmin-alpha-2-antiplasmin), and inflammation (C-reactive protein, E-selectin). (usda.gov)
- There are currently no images for Serpin F2/alpha 2-Antiplasmin Antibody (NBP2-11890). (novusbio.com)
- IHC-P analysis of human liver using GTX88657 Alpha 2 Antiplasmin antibody, Internal. (genetex.com)
- WB analysis of human duodenum lysate using GTX88657 Alpha 2 Antiplasmin antibody, Internal. (genetex.com)
- Further information about each individual Alpha 2 Antiplasmin Antibody is available by following the associated links. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- Unbound a-2-antiplasmin is removed by washing and an anti-a-2-antiplasmin primary antibody is added. (eaglebio.com)
- The bound antibody, which is proportional to the original active a-2-antiplasmin present in the samples, is then reacted with the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. (eaglebio.com)
- Human Alpha 2 Antiplasmin antibody storage GENTAUR recommends for long therm storage to freeze at -24 C. For short time storage up to 30 days we suggest fridge storage at 1 to 10 C. Prevent multiple freeze taw cycles of Human Alpha 2 Antiplasmin. (antibody-antibodies.com)
- 2. Rabbit monoclonal antibody generated by ARM technology is amenable to antibody engineering including F(ab) 2 , IgG, scFv and different Fc and non-Fc conjugates per customer request. (abnova.com)
- Mouse Alpha 2 Antiplasmin (A2Ap) Purified Recombinant FLAG Tagged from Innovative Research has been recombinantly produced in insect cells and purified using affinity chromatography. (innov-research.com)
- Affinity Biologicals, Inc. manufactures a broad range of A2AP - Alpha 2 Antiplasmin Antibodies which can be found in the listing below. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- Our A2AP - Alpha 2 Antiplasmin Antibodies are excellent for use in immunoassays where high sensitivity is required and are frequently the preferred reagent for immunopreciptaion techniques and activity neutralization assays. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- Affinity's A2AP - Alpha 2 Antiplasmin Antibodies are manufactured for use in research applications. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- Mutations in this gene result in alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency, which is characterized by severe hemorrhagic diathesis. (genetex.com)
- Alpha-antiplasmin-deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder which allows unrestrained fibrinolytic activity. (athensresearch.com)
- Such results can be seen in peoples with liver disease, PAI-1 deficiency or alpha 2-antiplasmin deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
- The Eagle Biosciences Mouse Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) Active ELISA Assay kit is for the quantitative determination of Active Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) in mouse plasma by a microplate enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). (eaglebio.com)
- This Mouse Alpha-2-antiplasmin (Alpha2-AP) Active ELISA Assay kit is for the quantitative determination of active a-2-antiplasmin in mouse plasma. (eaglebio.com)
- These complexes could be completely precipitated with antibodies against C1-inactivator, α2-antiplasmin and α1-antitrypsin. (tudelft.nl)
- Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin. (wikipedia.org)
- Serpin F2 is a member of the Serpin superfamily and the primary physiological inhibitor of the serine protease plasmin, which is responsible for the dissolution of fibrin clots (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
- Ocriplasmin is quickly inactivated by protease inhibitor α2-antiplasmin or α2-macroglobulin. (drugbank.ca)
- Thrombin has both extracellular proteolysis and cell mediated functions thorough the protease-activated receptor 2. (nii.ac.jp)
- We analyzed the roles of protease-activated receptor 2 and aquaporin on the brain edema using in vivo model of brain injury and in vitro model of cell cultures. (nii.ac.jp)
- Using real-time RT-PCR, we quantitatively evaluated mRNAs of protease-activated receptor 2 and aquaporin. (nii.ac.jp)
- We could not find the definitive roles of protease-activated receptor 2 on the brain edema. (nii.ac.jp)
- One group demonstrates protease inhibition while proteins in the other group display no protease inhibition, but rather, perform diverse functions, such as molecular chaperones, circulating transporters, and tumor suppressors (2). (rndsystems.com)
- 2-antiplasmin, all protease inhibitors showed normal plasma values. (tudelft.nl)
- The primary target enzyme for α 2 AP is plasmin, but α 2 AP also acts as secondary or "backup" inhibitor of activated FXI, activated Protein C and trypsin. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- The calcium activates protein kinase C , which, in turn, activates phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ). (wikipedia.org)
- Including the spread, diets averaged 34.6 en% fat and 15.5 en% protein. (usda.gov)
- Further, it was supported by a series of animal studies showing inhibition of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits after HDL infusion [ 2 ] and in transgenic mice overexpressing apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) [ 3 ], which is the major protein component of HDL particles. (mdpi.com)
- Prepared from plasma shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests. (athensresearch.com)
- About 30% of α 2 AP present in plasma is partially degraded and lacks a peptide in the carboxyl region that contains the plasminogen-binding site. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- It has been determined in laboratory testing that mouse plasma contains approximately 300 µg/ml Alpha-2-antiplasmin. (eaglebio.com)
- Functionally active Alpha-2-antiplasmin present in plasma reacts with plasmin that has been coated and dried on a microtiter plate. (eaglebio.com)
- During the incubation of BM 06.022 in plasma, plasmin was generated dose-dependently as revealed by varying degrees of α2-antiplasmin consumption and fibrinogen degradation. (tudelft.nl)
- In conclusion, BM 06.022 at therapeutic concentrations in plasma was inactivated by C1-inactivator, α2-antiplasmin and α1-antitrypsin. (tudelft.nl)
- It is also worthy of note that the resultant bound plasmin is some how protected from the normal inactivation mechanism of alpha 2 antiplasmin. (rife.org)
- Purification and Characterization of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Kringle-.sup.2 Domain Expressed in Escherichia coli", Biochem. (patentgenius.com)
- PLA 2 then modifies the integrin membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa , increasing its affinity to bind fibrinogen . (wikipedia.org)
- SMRX-11 demonstrated superior fibrinogen sparing compared to tPA with minimal consumption of alpha-2 antiplasmin relative to native SK. (ahajournals.org)
- At the end of the infusion the alpha 2-antiplasmin level had decreased to 54% (median, range 22% to 82%) of the preinfusion level, the fibrinogen level to 89% (median, range 26% to 101%), and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) to 20 micrograms/ml (median, range 8 to 387). (ahajournals.org)
- At the end of the infusion the alpha 2-antiplasmin level was 22% of baseline (range 5% to 47%), the fibrinogen level 45% (range 4% to 94%), and the concentration of FDPs 87 micrograms/ml (range 6 to 1034). (ahajournals.org)
- Measured by its ability to inhibit trypsin cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide substrate, Mca-RPKPVE-Nval-WRK(Dnp)-NH 2 (Catalog # ES002 ). (rndsystems.com)
- METHODS: A bimodal CA was synthesized by coupling gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and rhodamine to an alpha(2)-antiplasmin-based peptide. (biomedsearch.com)
- Your search returned 203 alpha-2-antiplasmin ELISA ELISA Kit across 11 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
- Differential inhibition of soluble and cell surface receptor-bound single-chain urokinase by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2. (nih.gov)
- The roles of alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in the inhibition of clot lysis. (nih.gov)
- t-PA and urokinase are themselves inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2). (wikipedia.org)
- BM 06.022 is a non-glycosylated mutant of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) comprising only the kringle-2 and proteinase domains. (tudelft.nl)
- 2-antiplasmin associated with a severe hemorrhagic diathesis. (tudelft.nl)
- A Microcirculatory study of the normal and tumor vessels of the liver with the use of perfused silicone rubber", Surgery, vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 334-340 (1970). (patentgenius.com)
- Alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin inactivate plasmin. (wikipedia.org)
- Inhibition of these enzymes by α 2 AP occurs through proteolytic cleavage after Arg 364 with subsequent rapid formation of a stable, inactive 1:1 enzyme-α 2 AP complex. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- This form of α 2 AP (~65 kDa) has a reduced rate of plasmin inhibition and has been referred to as the "slow form" of α 2 AP. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- The Coamatic® Plasmin Inhibitor kit has been evaluated regarding specificity and compared with six commercially available plasmin inhibitor (also denoted a2-antiplasmin) kits and with the manual Immediate Plasmin Inhibition Test (IPIT) method, the reference method within the framework of the European Concerted Action against Thrombosis and Disabilities. (tudelft.nl)
- Alpha 2-Antiplasmin (α 2 AP), also known as Alpha 2-Plasmin Inhibitor (α 2 PI), is a member of the SERPIN family of proteinase inhibitors and the primary inhibitor of the enzyme plasmin in blood. (affinitybiologicals.com)
- Recombinant Mouse Serpin F1/PEDF enhances the adhesion of Saos‑2 human osteosarcoma cells to a bovine Collagen I coated plate. (rndsystems.com)
- 2. A medication, hormone, or other intercellular messenger that binds and blocks the cellular receptor or target enzyme of another agent. (thefreedictionary.com)
- [2] Its main enzyme plasmin cuts the fibrin mesh at various places, leading to the production of circulating fragments that are cleared by other proteases or by the kidney and liver . (wikipedia.org)
- Expression, purfication and characterization of the recombinant kringle 2 and kringle 3 domains of human plasminogen and analysis of their binding affinity for .omega. (patentgenius.com)
- The amount of color development is directly proportional to the concentration of active Alpha 2-antiplasmin in the sample. (eaglebio.com)
- Use a concentration of 0.5 - 2 µg/ml. (abcam.com)
- Moreover, the continuing contraction of the hospital system and technological advances will facilitate decentralization of the Alpha-2 Antiplasmin testing closer to the patient, creating additional opportunities and challenges for suppliers. (marketresearch.com)
- OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether early thrombus formation can be visualized with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the use of a novel bimodal alpha(2)-antiplasmin-based contrast agent (CA). BACKGROUND: Thrombus formation plays a central role in several vascular diseases. (biomedsearch.com)
- During the early phases of thrombus formation, activated factor XIII (FXIIIa) covalently cross-links alpha(2)-antiplasmin to fibrin, indicating the potential of alpha(2)-antiplasmin-based CAs in the detection of early thrombus formation. (biomedsearch.com)
- Immunohistochemistry was performed on human pulmonary thromboemboli sections to determine the presence of alpha(2)-antiplasmin and FXIII in different thrombus remodeling phases. (biomedsearch.com)
- RESULTS: In vitro-generated thrombi exposed to the alpha(2)-antiplasmin-based CA showed hyperintense magnetic resonance signal intensities at the thrombus edge. (biomedsearch.com)
- The administration of CA in vivo within seconds after inducing thrombus formation increased contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs 2.28 +/- 0.39, n=6) at the site of thrombus formation compared with the control CA (CNRs -0.14 +/- 0.55, p = 0.003, n = 6) and alpha(2)-antiplasmin-based CA administration 24 to 48 h after thrombus formation (CNRs 0.11 +/- 0.23, p = 0.006, n = 6). (biomedsearch.com)
- 10 mg/kg PAI-039), whereas ADP-, 9,11-dideoxy-11α,9α-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F 2α (U46619)-, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, as well as template bleeding and prothrombin time, remained unaffected by PAI-039. (aspetjournals.org)
- In the present study, the influence of amifostine on the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin was studied in patients when carboplatin was given in combination with three doses of amifostine, administered just before the carboplatin infusion and 2-4 h thereafter. (tudelft.nl)
- [2] The system in humans has been the most extensively researched and is the best understood. (wikipedia.org)
- It is a 50 kDa, monomeric phosphoglycoprotein that is comprised of three beta -sheets, 8-10 alpha -helices, and a C-terminal reactive center loop (RCL), a structure common to all Serpins (2-5). (rndsystems.com)
- Coagulation testing in general, and Alpha-2 Antiplasmin testing specifically, will become more standardized, offering opportunities for quality control products and services. (marketpublishers.com)