Almitrine
A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.
Pulmonary Heart Disease
Doxapram
Inhaled NO and almitrine bismesylate in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: effect of noradrenalin. (1/32)
The combination of inhaled nitric oxide with almitrine bismesylate has been proposed for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in order to divert pulmonary blood flow away from poorly ventilated toward well-ventilated areas. The aims of this prospective and comparative study were to: 1) confirm the beneficial effects on oxygenation of this association; 2) evaluate the haemodynamic effects of this association; and 3) evaluate the influence of noradrenaline (a nonspecific vasoconstrictor) on the modification of gas exchange related to inhaled NO and/or almitrine bismesylate. Forty-one sedated paralysed and ventilated patients were investigated. Haemodynamic and blood gas measurements were performed in a fixed order: baseline; inhalation of NO for 30 min.; intravenous infusion of almitrine bismesylate; and concomitant administration of inhaled NO and almitrine bismesylate. Inhaled NO and almitrine bismesylate increased arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2)/inspiratory oxygen fraction (FI,O2) (p<0.001). The association of inhaled NO with almitrine bismesylate resulted in a dramatic improvement in Pa,O2/FI,O2 (p<0.0001 versus almitrine bismesylate, p<0.05 versus inhaled NO). In patients receiving noradrenalin (n = 19), almitrine bismesylate had no effect on oxygenation. The present study confirmed that the combination of inhaled NO with almitrine bismesylate improved oxygenation, and demonstrated that almitrine bismesylate has no effect on oxygenation in patients receiving noradrenalin. (+info)Effect of inhaled prostacyclin in combination with almitrine on ventilation-perfusion distributions in experimental lung injury. (2/32)
BACKGROUND: Inhaled prostacyclin and intravenous almitrine have both been shown to improve pulmonary gas exchange in acute lung injury (ALI). This study was performed to investigate a possible additive effect of prostacyclin and almitrine on pulmonary ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratio in ALI compared with inhaled prostacyclin or intravenous almitrine alone. METHODS: Experimental ALI was established in 24 pigs by repeated lung lavage. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either 25 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) inhaled prostacyclin alone, 1 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) almitrine alone, 25 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) inhaled prostacyclin in combination with 1 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) almitrine, or no specific treatment (controls) for 30 min. For each intervention, pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics were analyzed and VA/Q distributions were calculated using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. The data was analyzed within and between the groups by analysis of variance for repeated measurements, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparison when analysis of variance revealed significant differences. RESULTS: All values are expressed as mean +/- SD. In controls, pulmonary gas exchange, hemodynamics, and VA/Q distribution remained unchanged. With prostacyclin alone and almitrine alone, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) increased, whereas intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT) decreased (P < 0.05). Combined prostacyclin and almitrine also increased PaO2 and decreased QS/QT (P < 0.05). When compared with either prostacyclin or almitrine alone, the combined application of both drugs revealed no additional effect in gas exchange or VA/Q distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that, in this experimental model of ALI, the combination of 25 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) prostacyclin and 1 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) almitrine does not result in an additive improvement of pulmonary gas exchange or VA/Q distribution when compared with prostacyclin or almitrine alone. (+info)Association of oral almitrine and medroxyprogesterone acetate: effect on arterial blood gases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (3/32)
Almitrine (A) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MA) given separately improve arterial blood gases in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); the aim of this study was to assess the effect of the two drugs given together. Forty-eight patients with irreversible COPD and hypoxaemia were prospectively enrolled into a 14-day run-in period and received single-blind oral treatment with double placebo. Patients whose PaO2 remained stable (less than 10% change; n = 29, 25 males, mean age 65.6 years) were included in a 14-day active treatment period and randomly assigned to three groups. They received double-blind oral treatment with: A (50 mg bid, group A, n = 10); MA (20 mg tid, group MA, n = 9); A (50 mg bid) and MA (20 mg tid, group A+MA, n = 10). Anthropometric and spirometric measurements were similar in the three groups and so were the arterial blood gas values at the beginning and the end of the run-in period. At the end of the active treatment period, blood gas changes (mean+/-SE) were significantly different between groups (P<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test), with improvement in both hypoxaemia and hypercapnia in group A+MA only: delta PaO2 = 7.4+/-1.9 mmHg, delta PaCO2 = -5.1+/-1.7 m mHg (P<0.05, Wilcoxon test). In short-term treatment, the association of A and MA is more efficient than either drug alone at improving arterial blood gases in COPD patients. (+info)Effects of almitrine on diaphragm contractile properties in young and old rats. (4/32)
BACKGROUND: Diaphragm muscle force and fatigue are key factors in the development of respiratory failure. Almitrine is used to improve ventilatory drive and ventilation-perfusion matching in respiratory failure. Recently, it has also been shown to improve diaphragm muscle force and endurance in young rats, but it is not known if this effect persists with ageing. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of almitrine on diaphragm contractile properties in young and old rats. METHODS: In young and old rats, isometric contractile properties were measured in strips of isolated diaphragm muscle in physiological saline solution at 30 degrees C with or without almitrine. RESULTS: In young animals, almitrine increased twitch tension, reduced half-relaxation time and increased endurance, but had no effect on tetanic tension, contraction time or tension-frequency relationship. Ageing had no effect on endurance, but did reduce twitch and tetanic tension and contraction and half-relaxation time. Almitrine had no effect on contractile tension and kinetics, tension-frequency relationship or on endurance in the old animals. CONCLUSIONS: Ageing negates the beneficial effects of almitrine on diaphragm muscle force and endurance. (+info)An investigation into the mechanism of action of almitrine on isolated rat diaphragm muscle fatigue. (5/32)
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that almitrine bismesylate, a respiratory stimulant which acts on the mitochondrial electron transport chain, enhances recovery of rat diaphragm muscle from fatigue. OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to investigate if the enhanced recovery is due to an anti-oxidant property of almitrine, since the electron transport chain is a major site of intracellular free radical production. METHODS: A low-frequency fatigue protocol was used (30 Hz; 250 ms; delivered once every 2 s for 5 min), and the effects of almitrine before and after fatigue onset were compared to those of the anti-oxidant compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC). RESULTS: Almitrine (6 and 10 microg/ml) given before fatigue gave better recovery rates than postfatigue application. In contrast, NAC (100 microM) application before fatigue onset was not as effective as NAC given immediately after the cessation of the fatigue protocol. However, almitrine (6 microg/ml) completely reversed the reduction in baseline twitch tension brought about by a free-radical-producing mixture of FeCl(3) + ADP (1 mM + 2.5 mM, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that almitrine enhances recovery from fatigue and, in contrast to NAC prefatigue application, is more effective. Also, almitrine was shown to have an anti-oxidant effect, but it does not act like a typical anti-oxidant. (+info)Effect of position, nitric oxide, and almitrine on lung perfusion in a porcine model of acute lung injury. (6/32)
In a porcine model of oleic acid-induced lung injury, the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and intravenous almitrine bismesylate (ivALM), which enhances the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction on the distribution of regional pulmonary blood flow (PBF), were assessed. After injection of 0.12 ml/kg oleic acid, 20 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets [weight of 25 +/- 2.6 (SD) kg] were randomly divided into four groups: supine position, prone position, and 10 ppm iNO for 40 min followed by 4 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) ivALM for 40 min in supine position and in prone position. PBF was measured with positron emission tomography and H(2)15O. The redistribution of PBF was studied on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Positron emission tomography scans were performed before and then 120, 160, and 200 min after injury. With prone position alone, although PBF remained prevalent in the dorsal regions it was significantly redistributed toward the ventral regions (P < 0.001). A ventral redistribution of PBF was also obtained with iNO regardless of the position (P = 0.043). Adjunction of ivALM had no further effect on PBF redistribution. PP and iNO have an additive effect on ventral redistribution of PBF. (+info)Effects of almitrine bismesylate on arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and moderate hypoxaemia: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (7/32)
BACKGROUND: Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) generates high costs, especially when patients require domiciliary long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Almitrine bismesylate has been shown to improve gas exchange in the lungs. Our hypothesis was that long-term treatment with almitrine might postpone the prescription of LTOT. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of almitrine sequential treatment on arterial blood gases in COPD patients with moderate hypoxaemia. METHODS: COPD patients with moderate hypoxaemia [partial oxygen tension in arterialised blood (PaO(2)) between 7.33 and 8.66 kPa (56-65 mm Hg)] were investigated. After a 1-month run-in period, patients were given either almitrine 100 mg per day or placebo for sequential treatment for a total of 12 months. RESULTS: 115 patients in a steady state (57 in the almitrine and 58 in the placebo group) were included. Mean age was 60 years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 34 +/- 13% of predicted and mean PaO(2) was 8.04 +/- 0.5 kPa (60.5 +/- 3.8 mm Hg). 38 patients were lost to follow-up, 23 in the almitrine and 15 in the placebo group. The majority of drop-outs were due to adverse events (AE; 16 in the almitrine and 9 in the placebo group). Almitrine treatment resulted in PaO(2) improvement of 0.43 +/- 0.88 kPa (3.2 +/- 6.6 mm Hg) (p = 0.003). The treatment effect between almitrine and placebo was 0.45 kPa (3.4 mm Hg) (p = 0.003). In the almitrine group, two distinct subgroups were observed: responders (n = 19) and non-responders (n = 38). Almitrine treatment in responders resulted in a clinically significant improvement in PaO(2) of 1.36 +/- 0.7 kPa (10.2 +/- 5.3 mm Hg) (p < 0.0001) and a reduction of partial carbon dioxide tension in arterialised blood. 31 patients experienced serious AE: 17 in the almitrine and 14 in the placebo group. Five patients died during the study (3 in the almitrine and 2 in the placebo group). Most AE occurring during the study were related to underlying disease. Clinical diagnosis of polyneuropathy resulted in the withdrawal of 5 patients in the almitrine group and 3 patients in the placebo group. Four patients in the almitrine group experienced weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Almitrine treatment of patients with severe COPD and moderate hypoxaemia resulted in a small but significant improvement in PaO(2) over 12 months. A clinically important improvement in gas exchange was observed in 33% of treated patients. These patients may be candidates for long-term treatment. (+info)An analysis of the action of an analogue of almitrine bismesylate in the rat model of hypoxic lung disease. (8/32)
Chronically hypoxic (CH) and normoxic control rats were used to assess the action of S9581, a water-soluble analogue of almitrine bismesylate. S9581 increased ventilation (Ve) by 34% in control and 20% in CH rats. During acute hypoxia Ve was raised and S9581 caused a further increase of 20% in both groups. Low doses of S9581 and almitrine enhanced the hypoxic ventilatory response in CH rats while high doses depressed it in both groups. Effects of S9581 on the pulmonary circulation were assessed in the isolated perfused lung of rats. As with almitrine a complex relationship of dose-dependent vasoconstriction and dilatation was revealed. In low doses, S9581 enhanced the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to 2% O2 whilst this was attenuated by high doses in both control and CH rats. S9581 seemed to act like almitrine bismesylate on both the ventilation (peripheral chemoreceptor) and the pulmonary circulation. For studying almitrine-like activity the water solubility of S9581 provides considerable advantages for the researcher. (+info)
Intravenous Almitrine Bismesylate Reversibly Induces Lactic Acidosis and Hepatic Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Lung Injury...
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Almitrine
... (marketed as Duxil by Servier) is a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative classified as a respiratory stimulant by the ... Under the brand names Albasine, Aruxil, and Truxil, almitrine-raubasine has been marketed for rehabilitation after stroke, age ... They summarize two studies in which almitrine-raubasine improved some symptoms significantly more than placebo, especially in ... "Almitrine Bismesylate + Raubasine , অ্যালমিট্রিন বিসমিসাইলেট + রবাসিন , Indications, Pharmacology, Dosage, Side Effects & other ...
Melamine
... is part of the core structure for a number of drugs including almitrine, altretamine, cyromazine, ethylhexyl triazone ...
List of drugs: Al
... almitrine (INN) almokalant (INN) Almora almorexant INN almotriptan (INN) almoxatone (INN) almurtide (INN) alnespirone (INN) ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... almitrine MeSH D03.383.606.290 - cinnarizine MeSH D03.383.606.320 - cyclizine MeSH D03.383.606.350 - delavirdine MeSH D03.383. ... almitrine MeSH D03.383.931.135 - altretamine MeSH D03.383.931.190 - apazone MeSH D03.383.931.247 - atrazine MeSH D03.383. ...
Laboratoires Servier
Other products: Agomelatine (Valdoxan, Melitor, Thymanax) Almitrine (Duxil, Vectarion) Amineptine (Survector, Maneon, Directim ...
ATC code R07
Doxapram R07AB02 Nikethamide R07AB03 Pentetrazol R07AB04 Etamivan R07AB05 Bemegride R07AB06 Prethcamide R07AB07 Almitrine ...
GAL-021
... is a drug related to almitrine which acts as a respiratory stimulant, with its mechanism of action primarily thought to ...
Does Almitrine Restore Halothane-induced Depression of Hypoxic Respiratory Drive? | Anesthesiology | American Society of...
Does Almitrine Restore Halothane-induced Depression of Hypoxic Respiratory Drive? Denham S. Ward, M.D., Ph.D. Denham S. Ward, M ... Inhaled Nitric Oxide, Almitrine Infusion, or Their Coadministration as a Treatment of Severe Hypoxemic Focal Lung Lesions ... Intravenous Almitrine Bismesylate Reversibly Induces Lactic Acidosis and Hepatic Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Lung Injury ... Dose-Response Curves of Inhaled Nitric Oxide with and without Intravenous Almitrine in Nitric Oxide-responding Patients with ...
Almitrine - LifeArc
Almitrine. Clinical trials testing almitrine in COVID-19 patients at three UK hospitals ... is set to commence clinical trials testing almitrine in COVID-19 patients at three UK hospitals. Almitrine is a drug that was ... The drug almitrine is a respiratory stimulant which, when used to treat patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS ... In the trial, the change in level of respiratory support over 7 days of treatment will be measured to know if almitrine ...
Toxic Neuropathy Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet
Dose-Response Curves of Inhaled Nitric Oxide with and without Intravenous Almitrine in Nitric Oxide-responding Patients with...
Cardiorespiratory Effects of the Combination Almitrine-Nitric Oxide. It is well known that nitric oxide and almitrine, despite ... Although all previous animal and human studies of almitrine alone and almitrine combined with nitric oxide were performed using ... Phase 3: Positive End-expiratory Pressure 10 cmH2O with Almitrine Alone (Almitrine1). Using the same ventilatory settings as in ... Phase 5: Positive End-expiratory Pressure 10 cmH2O with Almitrine Alone (Almitrine2). Using the same ventilatory settings as in ...
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DeCS
Almitrine Entry term(s):. Almitrine Bis(methanesulfonate). Almitrine Bismesylate. Almitrine Dimesylate. Almitrine Monomesylate ... Almitrine - Preferred Concept UI. M0024158. Scope note. A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an ... Almitrine Dimesylate - Narrower Concept UI. M0329453. Preferred term. Almitrine Dimesylate Entry term(s). Almitrine Bis( ...
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Questions & Answers
Raubasine
Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine - Wikipedia
The combination of BZP and TFMPP has been associated with a range of side effects, including insomnia, anxiety, nausea and vomiting, headaches and muscle aches which may resemble migraine, seizures, impotence, and rarely psychosis,[3] as well as a prolonged and unpleasant hangover effect. These side effects tend to be significantly worsened when the BZP/TFMPP mix is consumed alongside alcohol, especially the headache, nausea, and hangover. However, it is difficult to say how many of these side effects are produced by TFMPP itself, as it has rarely been marketed without BZP also being present, and all of the side effects mentioned are also produced by BZP (which has been sold as a single drug). Studies into other related piperazine drugs such as mCPP suggest that certain side effects such as anxiety, headache and nausea are common to all drugs of this class, and pills containing TFMPP are reported by users to produce comparatively more severe hangover effects than those containing only BZP. The ...
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Although Almitrine mesylate efforts to develop a vaccine are increasing, a lack of knowledge about the computer virus and its ... In addition, we show that passage of the natural Almitrine mesylate attenuated ASFV field isolate [5], OURT88/3 in ZMAC-4 cells ... Further spread to additional countries in Asia has resulted in increased global Almitrine mesylate risk and extended the ... These viruses were obtained from outbreaks in domestic pigs or isolated from ticks Almitrine mesylate in the field and produced ...
Bismesylate4
- To determine whether administration of almitrine bismesylate can ameliorate hypoxaemia in COVID-19 and augment effectiveness of supplementary oxygen therapy and respiratory support. (lifearc.org)
- Researchers secured funding from LifeArc to conduct a randomised controlled trial to assess whether orally administered almitrine bismesylate can relieve hypoxemia in COVID-19 infections versus oral placebo. (lifearc.org)
- The trial will follow a randomisation ratio of 1:1, with each patient in the treatment arm receiving oral almitrine bismesylate, matched by a patient in the control arm receiving oral placebo. (lifearc.org)
- Participants will receive oral almitrine bismesylate or placebo every 4 hours for 7 days. (lifearc.org)
Intravenous Almitrine1
- Inhaled nitric oxide, a selective pulmonary vasodilator, in combination with intravenous almitrine, a selective pulmonary vasoconstrictor, markedly improves arterial oxygenation in 50-60% of patients with acute lung injury. (silverchair.com)
Infusion1
- On day 2, a continuous intravenous infusion of almitrine at a dose of 16 micro gram *symbol* kg sup -1 *symbol* min sup -1 was administered and dose response to inhaled nitric oxide was repeated according to the same protocol as during day 1. (silverchair.com)
Pulmonary2
- Almitrine is a drug that was developed in France to treat lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (lifearc.org)
- Similarly, the use of almitrine, a drug that enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction, increases the partial pressure of oxygen (Pa0 2 ) in COPD patients from 52 mm Hg to 59 mm Hg. (medscape.com)
Patients2
- The University of Oxford, in collaboration with clinicians in Wales and Berkshire and with funding from LifeArc, is set to commence clinical trials testing almitrine in COVID-19 patients at three UK hospitals. (lifearc.org)
- The drug almitrine is a respiratory stimulant which, when used to treat patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), has been shown to reduce shunt flow by redirecting blood flow within the lungs, allowing more oxygen to pass into the blood. (lifearc.org)
Risk1
- Further spread to additional countries in Asia has resulted in increased global Almitrine mesylate risk and extended the economic impact of the outbreaks. (diferencias-entre.org)
Treatment1
- In the trial, the change in level of respiratory support over 7 days of treatment will be measured to know if almitrine bimesylate is effective. (lifearc.org)
Medicines3
- European Union (EU) drug regulators yesterday recommended withdrawing oral almitrine-containing medicines from the market because their benefits in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) no longer outweigh the risk for marked weight gain and long-lasting peripheral neuropathy, the agency announced. (medscape.com)
- The recommendation to withdraw market approval for almitrine comes from the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the EU equivalent of the FDA. (medscape.com)
- two Figure you Chemical constructions of the inhaling and exhaling stimulant medicines and GAL021 almitrine. (careersfromscience.org)
Weight loss and neuropathy2
- The National Agency for the Safety of Medicine and Health Products (ANSM), which regulates drugs in France, asked PRAC to review almitrine in light of weight loss and neuropathy experienced by some patients, according to the EMA. (medscape.com)
- PRAC concurred with ANSM in its concerns over almitrine, noting that reports of weight loss and neuropathy continue to come in despite restrictions on the drug's use. (medscape.com)
Respiratory1
- Effects of the respiratory stimulant almitrine on breathing and fos. (firebaseapp.com)
Stimulant1
- GAL021 and Almitrine According to Galleon experts GAL021 is mostly a second technology breathing stimulating Torcetrapib (CP-529414) supplier conceived by simply deconstructing the chemical composition of almitrine and other deep breathing stimulant materials. (careersfromscience.org)
Current1
- French regulators also noted that "the available evidence does not support a role for almitrine as part of current management of COPD as its benefit is unclear and alternative treatments are available. (medscape.com)
Human1
- Almitrine was approved with human utilization in some Countries in europe and 4 almitrine was used in perioperative and comprehensive care adjustments. (careersfromscience.org)